front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Proverbs\n\n1. Introduction and purpose for Proverbs (1:1–7)\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n3. Proverbs from Solomon (10:1–22:16)\n4. Sayings from wise men (22:17–24:22)\n5. More sayings from wise men (24:23–34)\n6. Hezekiah’s proverbs from Solomon (25:1–29:27)\n7. Sayings from Agur (30:1–33)\n8. Sayings from Lemuel (31:1–9)\n9. Description of a good and capable wife (31:10–31)\n\n### What is the Book of Proverbs about?\n\nThe Book of Proverbs is a collection of proverbs. A proverb is a saying that gives wise advice or teaches something that is generally true about life. Most societies have their own proverbs and may use specific language that indicates something is a proverb. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe title of this book is often translated as “Proverbs.” A more general translation would be “Sayings for Wise People,” “Wise Sayings,” or something similar.\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Proverbs?\n\nProverbs begins with the words, “The Proverbs of Solomon, son of David and King of Israel.” However, Solomon did not write all of the proverbs in this book. Unnamed wise men wrote the proverbs in [22:17](../22/17.md)–[24:34](../24/34.md). Agur the son of Jakeh wrote the proverbs in [30:1–33](../30/01.md) and King Lemuel wrote the proverbs in [31:1–31](../31/01.md).\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What is meant by “wisdom” and “foolishness” in the Book of Proverbs?\n\n“Wisdom” refers to understanding and doing what is true and morally right. A wise person understands and does what Yahweh considers to be right. Anyone living in this way will also learn to live well with other people and to make good practical decisions in life. Those who fail to live in this way are called “foolish.” For this reason, it is possible for a person to be very intelligent and still be foolish. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Parallelism\n\nMany proverbs have two parts that have a relationship to each other. The second part may strengthen the first part, give more details about the first part, or say what seems to be the opposite of the first part. Translators should take into account that each proverb is also part of a larger group of proverbs. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\n### Personification\n\nIn Proverbs, certain qualities such as wisdom and stupidity are often represented as if they were human. [Proverbs 1:20–33](../01/20.md), [3:15–18](../03/15.md), [4:6–9](../04/06.md), and [8:1](../08/01.md)–[9:12](../09/12.md) refer to wisdom as if it were a woman. [Proverbs 9:13–18](../09/13.md) might also refer to stupidity as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent these qualities, the translator should translate in this way. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom or folly would be presented as being like a wise or stupid woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1:intro y4et 0 # Proverbs 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n1. Introduction and purpose for Proverbs (1:1–7)\n * Title (1:1)\n * The Purpose of Proverbs (1:2–6)\n * Main Theme: Fearing Yahweh is essential to being wise (1:7)\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Personification\n\nIn [1:20–33](../01/20.md), wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent an abstract concept like wisdom, the translator should translate the personification directly. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1:1 ej1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מִ֭שְׁלֵי שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “These are the proverbs of Solomon”
1:1 q6pn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִ֭שְׁלֵי שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה 1 Here, the author is using the possessive form to describe **proverbs** that were written by **Solomon**. If this is not clear in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The proverbs that were written by Solomon”
1:2 sah7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לָדַ֣עַת חָכְמָ֣ה וּמוּסָ֑ר 1 [1:2–6](../01/02.md) are one long sentence that lacks some of the words that a sentence in many languages would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “The purposes of proverbs are to know wisdom and instruction”
1:2 i8k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לָדַ֣עַת & לְ֝הָבִ֗ין 1 **To** and **to** here indicate two purposes for proverbs. Use a natural way in your language for introducing purpose clauses. Alternate translation: “These proverbs are for the purpose of knowing … and they are for the purpose of understanding”
1:2 iaq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָ֣ה וּמוּסָ֑ר 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **wisdom** and **instruction**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “wise and instructive things”
1:2 rs3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אִמְרֵ֥י בִינָֽה 1 Here, the author is using the possessive form to describe **sayings** that give a person **understanding**. If this is not clear in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “sayings that give someone understanding”
1:3 ew1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לָ֭קַחַת מוּסַ֣ר 1 Here, **to** indicates a third purpose for proverbs. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. You may want to begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “These proverbs are for the purpose of receiving instruction of”
1:3 aun5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מוּסַ֣ר הַשְׂכֵּ֑ל צֶ֥דֶק וּ֝מִשְׁפָּ֗ט וּמֵישָׁרִֽים 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **instruction**, **insight**, **righteousness**, **justice**, and **integrity**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “what is instructive of what is insightful, what is righteous, what is just, and what is honest”
1:4 j62d rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לָתֵ֣ת לִפְתָאיִ֣ם עָרְמָ֑ה 1 Here, **to** indicates a fourth purpose for proverbs. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. You may want to begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “These proverbs are for the purpose of giving naive ones prudence”
1:4 p2ca rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עָרְמָ֑ה & דַּ֣עַת וּמְזִמָּֽה 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **prudence**, **knowledge**, and **discretion**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “what is prudent … what he should know and how to be discreet”
1:4 wxv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לְ֝נַ֗עַר 1 The author is speaking of young men in general, not of one particular **young man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “to young men”
1:5 lrm2 0 This verse is parenthetical and interrupts the list of purposes for proverbs in [1:2–6](../01/02.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could add parentheses, as in the ULT, or use a natural way in your language to indicate a parenthetical statement.
1:5 gagy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism יִשְׁמַ֣ע חָ֭כָם וְי֣וֹסֶף לֶ֑קַח וְ֝נָב֗וֹן תַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת יִקְנֶֽה 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “a wise one will hear and increase insight, yes, the understanding one will acquire guidance”
1:5 r7sn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis יִשְׁמַ֣ע חָ֭כָם 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “a wise one will hear these proverbs”
1:5 sddg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת יִקְנֶֽה 1 The author implies that this person **will acquire directions** from proverbs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will acquire directions from these proverbs”
1:5 ykul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea **directions**, you could express the same ides in another way. Alternate translation: “what directs”
1:6 kp7t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism לְהָבִ֣ין מָ֭שָׁל וּמְלִיצָ֑ה דִּבְרֵ֥י חֲ֝כָמִ֗ים וְחִידֹתָֽם 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that indicates that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “to understand a proverb and a satire, yes, to understand the words of the wise ones and their riddles”
1:6 rcl9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְהָבִ֣ין מָ֭שָׁל וּמְלִיצָ֑ה 1 Here, **to** indicates a fifth purpose for proverbs. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. You may want to begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “These proverbs are for the purpose of understanding a proverb and a satire”
1:6 h2dv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis דִּבְרֵ֥י חֲ֝כָמִ֗ים 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “to understand the words of the wise ones”
1:6 wlac rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דִּבְרֵ֥י 1 Here, the author uses the term **words** to describe what **the wise ones** say by using **words**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the words spoken by”
1:7 r9nd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession יִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה 1 Here, the author is using the possessive form to describe **fear** that a person should have for **Yahweh**. If this is not clear in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The fear for Yahweh”
1:7 ga71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit רֵאשִׁ֣ית דָּ֑עַת 1 Here, **beginning** refers to the foundation or basis of something. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is the foundation of knowledge” or “is the prerequisite for acquiring knowledge” or “is what knowledge is based upon”
1:7 l9za rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns יִרְאַ֣ת & דָּ֑עַת חָכְמָ֥ה וּ֝מוּסָ֗ר 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **fear**, **knowledge**, **wisdom**, and **instruction**, you could express the same ideas in another way. See how you translated **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md) and **wisdom** and **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “Being fearful of … knowing something … wise things and instructive things”
1:7 ooap rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast חָכְמָ֥ה וּ֝מוּסָ֗ר אֱוִילִ֥ים בָּֽזוּ 1 This clause is a strong contrast with the previous clause. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by contrast, fools despise wisdom and instruction”
1:8 v4em rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism שְׁמַ֣ע בְּ֭נִי מוּסַ֣ר אָבִ֑יךָ וְאַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ תּוֹרַ֥ת אִמֶּֽךָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Hear, my son, the instruction of your father, yes, do not forsake the law of your mother”
1:8 p2x9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שְׁמַ֣ע בְּ֭נִי מוּסַ֣ר 1 **Hear** often means “hear and obey.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language. Alternative translation: “Pay attention, my son, to the instruction of”
1:8 f71k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מוּסַ֣ר 1 See how you translated **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
1:8 dqtr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person מוּסַ֣ר אָבִ֑יךָ 1 Solomon is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “the instruction of me, your father”
1:8 xbay rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְאַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of rejecting **the law of your mother** as if it were a person whom someone could **forsake**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and do not reject”
1:8 wzq0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes וְאַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ 1 Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning, **forsake**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “and heed”
1:8 liis rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns תּוֹרַ֥ת 1 Here, the word **law** is singular in form, but it refers to several laws as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the rules of”
1:9 h55y rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Obey these instructions because” or “Obey your parents because”
1:9 esiw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism לִוְיַ֤ת חֵ֓ן הֵ֬ם לְרֹאשֶׁ֑ךָ וַ֝עֲנָקִ֗ים לְגַרְגְּרֹתֶֽיךָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “they are a garland of grace for your head, yes, pendants for your neck”
1:9 lcw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לִוְיַ֤ת חֵ֓ן הֵ֬ם 1 Here, the pronoun **they** refers to the instruction and teaching of one’s parents, as stated in the previous verse. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the instruction and law from your parents are a garland of grace” or “what your parents taught you is a garland of grace”
1:9 qxp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִוְיַ֤ת חֵ֓ן הֵ֬ם לְרֹאשֶׁ֑ךָ וַ֝עֲנָקִ֗ים לְגַרְגְּרֹתֶֽיךָ 1 Here the author speaks of the rules and instructions that parents teach their children as if they were a **garland** or **pendants.** These two items make a person look more attractive to other people and may cause other people to respect that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use similes. Alternate translation: “they make you look more beautiful and respectable” or “they are like a garland of grace for your head and like pendants for your neck”
1:9 b1ay rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לִוְיַ֤ת חֵ֓ן 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **garland** that is characterized by **grace**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “are a gracious garland”
1:10 ucf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical אִם־יְפַתּ֥וּךָ חַ֝טָּאִ֗ים 1 Solomon is using a hypothetical situation to help his readers understand how important it is to resist temptation from **sinners**. Use the natural form in your language for expressing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “suppose sinners entice you”
1:10 y9bt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אִם־יְפַתּ֥וּךָ חַ֝טָּאִ֗ים אַל־תֹּבֵֽא 1 Solomon implies that the **sinners** would **entice** his **son** to sin with them. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “if sinners entice you to join them in sinning, do not consent to sin with them”
1:11 f89h rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical אִם־יֹאמְרוּ֮ 1 Solomon is using a hypothetical situation to help his readers understand how sinners might entice someone to join them in sinning. Use the natural form in your language for expressing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “Suppose they say”
1:11 nvn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יֹאמְרוּ֮ 1 Here, the pronoun **they** refers to sinners, as mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those sinners say”
1:11 kzhn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive אִ֫תָּ֥נוּ נֶאֶרְבָ֥ה & נִצְפְּנָ֖ה 1 By **us**, the sinners are referring to themselves but not other people, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
1:11 easr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism נֶאֶרְבָ֥ה & נִצְפְּנָ֖ה 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a word that shows the connection between these two phrases. Alternate translation: “Let us lie in wait … Yes, let us hide to ambush”
1:11 tbiw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְדָ֑ם 1 Here, **blood** refers to violently murdering someone, which usually causes **blood** to come out of the person who is murdered. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “to shed blood” or “to murder someone”
1:11 qu4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְדָ֑ם נִצְפְּנָ֖ה 1 Here, **for** and **to** introduce the purposes for these actions. The purpose for lying in wait is to shed blood. The purpose for hiding is to ambush someone. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate purposes. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of shedding blood. Let us hide for the purpose of ambushing”
1:11 yxfk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לְנָקִ֣י 1 The sinners are speaking of an **innocent** person in general, not of one particular **innocent one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “some innocent person”
1:12 ohx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive נִ֭בְלָעֵם 1 By **us**, the sinners are referring to themselves but not other people, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
1:12 w4w6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נִ֭בְלָעֵם 1 The sinners speak of murdering people as if they were swallowing them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Let us murder them”
1:12 b8bq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism כִּשְׁא֣וֹל חַיִּ֑ים וּ֝תְמִימִ֗ים כְּי֣וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “the living ones, like Sheol, yes, the whole ones like those going down to a pit”
1:12 uwk1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis כִּשְׁא֣וֹל 1 The sinners are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “like Sheol swallows people”
1:12 cvaj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification כִּשְׁא֣וֹל 1 The Israelites sometimes referred to dying as “going down to **Sheol**.” Here, **Sheol** is spoken of as if it were an animal that could **swallow** someone. The idea of **Sheol** swallowing someone refers to how people are completely gone after they die and are buried. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “like death is complete”
1:12 ewpx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ֝תְמִימִ֗ים 1 The sinners are leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the beginning of the verse. Alternate translation: “and let us swallow the whole ones”
1:12 kea4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ֝תְמִימִ֗ים 1 Here, **whole** refers to being completely healthy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the healthy ones”
1:12 ndi0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis כְּי֣וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר 1 The sinners are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “like those going down to a pit are swallowed”
1:12 ayt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּי֣וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר 1 The Israelites referred to dying as **going down to** **Sheol** or a **pit**. Here the sinners are saying that their victims are like **those going down to a pit** because those people will die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “like those who die”
1:13 ls9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive נִמְצָ֑א נְמַלֵּ֖א בָתֵּ֣ינוּ 1 In this verse, the sinners use **We** and **our** to refer to themselves but not other people. Use the exclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
1:13 jh51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole כָּל 1 The sinners say **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “very much”
1:14 x2p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom גּ֭וֹרָ֣לְךָ תַּפִּ֣יל בְּתוֹכֵ֑נוּ 1 This is an idiom. If could refer to: (1) joining with a group of people that will share the same destiny. Alternate translation: “You must join us and share our destiny” (2) the practice of throwing small objects called lots to determine who would receive something. Alternate translation: “You must join us in sharing loot by casting lots”
1:14 l56r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כִּ֥יס אֶ֝חָ֗ד יִהְיֶ֥ה לְכֻלָּֽנוּ 1 Here, **purse** represents everything that these sinners steal. Some of what they steal would be put in a **purse**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “we will equally share everything that we steal”
1:14 ci4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive בְּתוֹכֵ֑נוּ & לְכֻלָּֽנוּ 1 In this verse, the sinners use **our** and **us** to refer to themselves but not other people. Use the exclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
1:15 vdao rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אַל־תֵּלֵ֣ךְ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ אִתָּ֑ם מְנַ֥ע רַ֝גְלְךָ֗ מִנְּתִיבָתָֽם 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that would show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “do not walk in the way with them, yes, restrain your foot from their path”
1:15 t25u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַל־תֵּלֵ֣ךְ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ אִתָּ֑ם מְנַ֥ע רַ֝גְלְךָ֗ מִנְּתִיבָתָֽם 1 Solomon uses **walk** to refer to associating with the sinners. He uses **way** and **path** to refer to the behavior of the sinners. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “have nothing to do with those sinners; keep yourself from behaving like them”
1:15 bcrz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche רַ֝גְלְךָ֗ 1 Solomon is using one part of a person, the **foot**, to represent the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “yourself”
1:16 cdbr rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do not walk with them because”
1:16 v6fc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche רַ֭גְלֵיהֶם & יָר֑וּצוּ 1 Here, “feet” represents the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they run”
1:16 vap2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רַ֭גְלֵיהֶם לָרַ֣ע יָר֑וּצוּ 1 Solomon speaks of how eager the sinners are to do evil as if **their feet** were running to it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they are eager to do evil”
1:16 m7ui rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִשְׁפָּךְ־דָּֽם 1 The phrase **pour out blood** refers to violently murdering people, which usually causes **blood** to come out of the people who are murdered. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “to murder others”
1:17 ll92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מְזֹרָ֣ה הָרָ֑שֶׁת 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “does someone spread out a net”
1:17 uzlj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מְזֹרָ֣ה הָרָ֑שֶׁת 1 A **net** is a trap that hunters use to catch animals. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of trap, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “is the trap set up”
1:17 v3ze rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ֝עֵינֵ֗י 1 Here, **eyes** refers to what is seen with the **eyes**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in view of” or “in the sight of”
1:17 geds rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בַּ֥עַל כָּנָֽף 1 The phrase **owner of wing** refers to a bird. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.
1:18 oexi rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְ֭הֵם 1 Here, **but** indicates a strong contrast between the bird mentioned in the previous verse and the sinners who speak in [1:11–14](../01/11.md). In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. You may want to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “By contrast, they”
1:18 ulr3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֭הֵם & יֶאֱרֹ֑בוּ 1 This phrase finishes the comparison started in the previous verse. Unlike a bird who is smart enough to avoid a net, these sinners destroy themselves by doing sinful things that cause them to be killed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but they are more foolish than birds. They lie in wait”
1:18 sise rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וְ֭הֵם לְדָמָ֣ם יֶאֱרֹ֑בוּ יִ֝צְפְּנ֗וּ לְנַפְשֹׁתָֽם׃ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a word that shows the connection between these two clauses. Alternate translation: “but they lie in wait for their blood, yes, they hide in ambush for their lives”
1:18 mlek rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ֭הֵם & יִ֝צְפְּנ֗וּ 1 In this verse, the pronoun **they** refers to the sinners described in [1:10–16](../01/10.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but those sinners … those sinners hide in ambush”
1:18 b16m rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְ֭הֵם לְדָמָ֣ם יֶאֱרֹ֑בוּ יִ֝צְפְּנ֗וּ לְנַפְשֹׁתָֽם 1 In this verse, **for** introduces the result of these actions. They **lie in wait** and **hide in ambush** and the result is that it costs them **their blood**and **their lives**. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. Alternate translation: “but they lie in wait, which costs them their blood; they hide in ambush, which costs them their lives”
1:18 vs5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְדָמָ֣ם 1 See how you translated **blood** in [1:11](../01/11.md).
1:18 rih3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְנַפְשֹׁתָֽם 1 Here, “their own lives” refers to the sinners themselves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for themselves”
1:19 fz7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אָ֭רְחוֹת 1 Here, Solomon uses **paths** to refer to the destiny of those sinners. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are the destinies of”
1:19 cse7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj כָּל 1 Here, Solomon uses the adjective **all** as a noun to mean “every person.” Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “every person”
1:19 zdvu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בָּ֑צַע 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **gain**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what they gain unjustly”
1:19 jk1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּעָלָ֣יו יִקָּֽח 1 Here, the pronouns **it** and **its** refer to the **unjust gain**, which is mentioned in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “that unjust gain takes … unjust gain’s owner”
1:19 su23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification אֶת־נֶ֖פֶשׁ בְּעָלָ֣יו יִקָּֽח 1 Solomon speaks of **unjust gain** as if it were a person who could kill his **owner**. He means that the wicked things that sinful people do to **unjustly gain unjust gain** will result in them dying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “unjust gain results in its owner dying” or “seeking unjust gain kills those who do it” or “it is as if unjust gain takes the life of its owner”
1:19 r7lc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶת־נֶ֖פֶשׁ & יִקָּֽח 1 Here, the phrase **takes the life of** means to kill someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it kills”
1:20 xza5 0 In [1:20–33](../01/20.md), wisdom is spoken of as if it were a woman speaking to the people. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter.
1:20 kh97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism חָ֭כְמוֹת בַּח֣וּץ תָּרֹ֑נָּה בָּ֝רְחֹב֗וֹת תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽהּ 1 These two clauses and the two clauses of the next verse mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Wisdom cries out outside, yes, she gives her voice in the open places”
1:20 pj5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification חָ֭כְמוֹת & תָּרֹ֑נָּה & תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽהּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **Wisdom** as if it were a woman who **cries out** or **gives her voice**. He means that **Wisdom** is available to all people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is available … it is available” or “Wisdom is like a woman who cries out … like a woman who gives her voice” or “It is as if wisdom cries out … it is as if wisdom gives its voice”
1:20 pj5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּח֣וּץ 1 Here, **outside** refers to the public space **outside** of one’s house where there would be many people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the streets”
1:20 u7zc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽהּ 1 This is an idiom that means **she** spoke very loudly. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “speaks with a loud voice”
1:20 njj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָּ֝רְחֹב֗וֹת 1 Here, **open areas** refers to large, outdoor public places where there would usually be many people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the marketplaces” or “in the plazas”
1:21 b47p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism בְּרֹ֥אשׁ הֹמִיּ֗וֹת תִּ֫קְרָ֥א בְּפִתְחֵ֖י שְׁעָרִ֥ים בָּעִ֗יר אֲמָרֶ֥יהָ תֹאמֵֽר 1 These two clauses and the two clauses of the previous verse mean basically the same thing. These two clauses emphasize the meaning of the first clause of the previous verse by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that would show that these clauses are repeating the first one in the previous verse, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Yes, at the head of the tumultuous places she calls out; yes, at the opening of the gates in the city she says her sayings”
1:21 ggk1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּרֹ֥אשׁ 1 Here, **head** refers to the place where busy streets intersect. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “At the intersection of streets in”
1:21 jy0y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תִּ֫קְרָ֥א & אֲמָרֶ֥יהָ תֹאמֵֽר 1 Here, Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman who **calls out** or **says her sayings**. He means that **Wisdom** is available to all people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “wisdom is available … it is available” or “it is as if wisdom calls out … it is as if wisdom says its sayings”
1:21 b1k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּפִתְחֵ֖י שְׁעָרִ֥ים בָּעִ֗יר 1 Solomon’s readers would have understood that the **the opening of the gates in the city** was a crowded place where many people gathered. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “at the opening of the gates in the city, where many people gather,”
1:22 atm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations עַד־מָתַ֣י 1 [1:22–33](../01/22.md) are one long quotation that Solomon presents as if wisdom itself were speaking.Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “She says, ‘Until when” or “It is as if wisdom says, ‘Until when”
1:22 jk3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion עַד־מָתַ֣י ׀ פְּתָיִם֮ תְּֽאֵהֲב֫וּ פֶ֥תִי וְלֵצִ֗ים לָ֭צוֹן חָמְד֣וּ לָהֶ֑ם וּ֝כְסִילִ֗ים יִשְׂנְאוּ־דָֽעַת 1 Wisdom is using the question form to emphasize that these types of people should stop acting the way they do. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “For too long the naive ones have loved naiveté and mockers have delighted in mockery for themselves and stupid ones have hated knowledge!”
1:22 v3nj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns פֶ֥תִי & לָ֭צוֹן & דָֽעַת 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **naiveté**, **mockery**, and **knowledge**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “thinking naively … mocking …knowing something”
1:23 la68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תָּשׁ֗וּבוּ 1 **Turn** here implies turning one’s head in order to listen better to what someone is saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Turn your heads and listen”
1:23 uv1b הִנֵּ֤ה 1 **Behold** is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use some emphatic term or expression in your language that would have this same effect. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully”
1:23 jw6o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אַבִּ֣יעָה לָכֶ֣ם רוּחִ֑י אוֹדִ֖יעָה דְבָרַ֣י אֶתְכֶֽם 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that would show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “I shall allow my spirit to gush forth to you, yes, I shall cause you to know my words”
1:23 c7ci rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רוּחִ֑י 1 Here, **spirit** refers to a person’s thoughts. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my thoughts”
1:23 t4c9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַבִּ֣יעָה לָכֶ֣ם רוּחִ֑י 1 Wisdom telling the people what she thinks is spoken of as if her thoughts were a liquid that she would **gush forth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I shall tell you what I think”
1:23 mwpx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דְבָרַ֣י 1 Here, wisdom uses the term **words** to describe what she says by using **words**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the words that I speak”
1:24 rpx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result יַ֣עַן 1 **Because** here indicates that what follows in this verse and the next verse is the reason for the result that is stated in [1:26–27](../01/26.md). Use the most natural way in your language to state a reason. If you divide [1:24–27](../01/24.md) into two sentences, then you will need to remove **Because** here and add a word to express result at the beginning of [1:26](../01/26.md), as in the UST. Alternate translation: “Since”
1:24 p5wg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism קָ֭רָאתִי וַתְּמָאֵ֑נוּ נָטִ֥יתִי יָ֝דִ֗י וְאֵ֣ין מַקְשִֽׁיב 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that would show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “I have called and you have refused, yes, I have stretched out my hand and there was no one listening attentively”
1:24 e734 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַתְּמָאֵ֑נוּ 1 Wisdom implies that people **refused** to listen to what she said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and you have refused to listen to me”
1:24 i835 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom נָטִ֥יתִי יָ֝דִ֗י 1 This phrase **stretched out my hand** is an idiom that refers to beckoning someone or inviting a person to come. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I stretched out my hand to beckon you” or “I beckoned you”
1:25 h2ki rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וַתִּפְרְע֥וּ כָל־עֲצָתִ֑י וְ֝תוֹכַחְתִּ֗י לֹ֣א אֲבִיתֶֽם 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “and you have ignored all my counsel, yes, my rebuke you did not accept”
1:25 l0le rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עֲצָתִ֑י וְ֝תוֹכַחְתִּ֗י 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **counsel** and **rebuke**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “that I have counseled, and … what I said to rebuke you”
1:26 r8lx rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result גַּם־אֲ֭נִי 1 [1:26–27](../01/26.md) state the result of what was stated in [1:24–25](../01/24.md). If you divided [1:24–27](../01/24.md) into two sentences and removed **Because** from [1:24](../01/24.md), then you will need to add a word here to express the result of the reasons given in [1:24–25](../01/24.md). Alternate translation: “As a result, I too” or “So, I too”
1:26 sl5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism גַּם־אֲ֭נִי בְּאֵידְכֶ֣ם אֶשְׂחָ֑ק אֶ֝לְעַ֗ג בְּבֹ֣א פַחְדְּכֶֽם 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “I too shall laugh in your calamity, yes, I shall mock when your dread comes”
1:26 rfi6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit גַּם־אֲ֭נִי 1 The phrase translated as **I too** shifts the focus from the foolish people mentioned in [1:24–25](../01/24.md) to the person speaking, who represents wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I in turn” or “I, for my part”
1:26 p97h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּאֵידְכֶ֣ם & בְּבֹ֣א פַחְדְּכֶֽם 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **calamity** and **dread**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “when you suffer … when you are scared”
1:26 jucu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בְּבֹ֣א פַחְדְּכֶֽם 1 Here, wisdom speaks of experiencing **dread** as if it were a person who **comes** to someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when you experience dread”
1:27 efxq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בְּבֹ֤א & פַּחְדְּכֶ֗ם 1 See how you translated this phrase in the previous verse.
1:27 qn3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns פַּחְדְּכֶ֗ם וְֽ֭אֵידְכֶם 1 See how you translated **dread** and **calamity** in the previous verse.
1:27 kd9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כשאוה & כְּסוּפָ֣ה 1 Here, wisdom compares the manner in which **dread** and **calamity** will happen to the destructive power of a **storm** or **whirlwind**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “violently … violently”
1:27 uy59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile בְּבֹ֥א עֲ֝לֵיכֶ֗ם צָרָ֥ה וְצוּקָֽה 1 Here, wisdom speaks of experiencing **distress and anguish** as if they were a person who could **come upon** someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when you experience distress and anguish”
1:27 xrk8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns צָרָ֥ה וְצוּקָֽה 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **distress** and **anguish**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “what is distressing and what makes you anguished”
1:28 m9t9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אָ֣ז יִ֭קְרָאֻנְנִי וְלֹ֣א אֶֽעֱנֶ֑ה יְ֝שַׁחֲרֻ֗נְנִי וְלֹ֣א יִמְצָאֻֽנְנִי 1 These two sentences mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the sentences with a word that shows that the second sentence is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Then they will call out to me, but I will not answer. Yes, they will diligently seek me, but they will not find me”
1:28 g5w7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִ֭קְרָאֻנְנִי & יְ֝שַׁחֲרֻ֗נְנִי וְלֹ֣א יִמְצָאֻֽנְנִי 1 In this verse, the pronoun **they** refers to the foolish people who ignored wisdom, as described in [1:22–27](../01/22.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those who ignored me will call out to me … those people will diligently seek me, but they will not find me”
1:28 zous rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִ֭קְרָאֻנְנִי 1 Here, **call out** implies crying out for help. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “they will call out to me for help”
1:29 ty8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result תַּ֭חַת כִּי 1 This phrase indicates that what follows in this verse and the next verse are the reasons why the foolish people will not find wisdom, as stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to express reasons. Alternate translation: “because”
1:29 xk1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns דָ֑עַת 1 See how you translated **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
1:29 iu3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְיִרְאַ֥ת יְ֝הֹוָ֗ה 1 See how you translated **the fear of Yahweh** in [1:7](../01/07.md).
1:30 q2mi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism לֹא־אָב֥וּ לַעֲצָתִ֑י נָ֝אֲצ֗וּ כָּל־תּוֹכַחְתִּֽי 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “they did not want my counsel, yes, they despised my every rebuke”
1:30 jhg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לֹא־אָב֥וּ & נָ֝אֲצ֗וּ 1 In this verse, the pronoun **they** refers to the foolish people who ignored wisdom, as described in [1:22–27](../01/22.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those who ignored me did not want … and those people despised”
1:30 h1ds rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לַעֲצָתִ֑י & כָּל־תּוֹכַחְתִּֽי 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **counsel** and **rebuke** in [1:25](../01/25.md).
1:31 nr9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וְֽ֭יֹאכְלוּ מִפְּרִ֣י דַרְכָּ֑ם וּֽמִמֹּעֲצֹ֖תֵיהֶ֣ם יִשְׂבָּֽעוּ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “And they will eat from the fruit of their way, yes, from their plans they will be satisfied”
1:31 wkf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְֽ֭יֹאכְלוּ מִפְּרִ֣י דַרְכָּ֑ם 1 Here, people suffering the consequences of their behavior is spoken of as if they were eating **the fruit of their way**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar idiom from your language or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And they will experience the consequences of their behavior”
1:31 c1jc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּֽמִמֹּעֲצֹ֖תֵיהֶ֣ם יִשְׂבָּֽעוּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and their plans will satisfy them”
1:31 bk2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּֽמִמֹּעֲצֹ֖תֵיהֶ֣ם יִשְׂבָּֽעוּ 1 Here, the word translated as **satisfied** means “to be made full of.” This word can have either a positive or negative meaning, but here the meaning is negative. It means that these foolish people will suffer the full consequences of **their** foolish **plans**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they will experience the consequences of their plans”
1:32 t8af rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases כִּ֤י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows in [1:32–33](../01/32.md) is the conclusion to what wisdom stated in [1:22–31](../01/22.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In conclusion,”
1:32 bxu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism מְשׁוּבַ֣ת פְּתָיִ֣ם תַּֽהַרְגֵ֑ם וְשַׁלְוַ֖ת כְּסִילִ֣ים תְּאַבְּדֵֽם 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “the turning away of the naive ones will slay them, yes, false security will lead stupid ones to ruin”
1:32 bwme rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification מְשׁוּבַ֣ת פְּתָיִ֣ם תַּֽהַרְגֵ֑ם 1 Here, **turning away** is spoken of as if it were a person who could **slay** someone. This expression means that **the naive ones** will die because of their **turning away**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “the naive ones will die because of their turning away” or “the turning away of the naive ones is like someone who will slay them”
1:32 s7ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְשׁוּבַ֣ת פְּתָיִ֣ם 1 Here, refusing to listen to wisdom is spoken of as **turning away** from the one who is speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the refusing to listen of the naive ones”
1:32 le64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְשַׁלְוַ֖ת 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **false security**, you could express the same idea with a different expression. Alternate translation: “wrongly feeling secure”
1:32 cmi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְשַׁלְוַ֖ת כְּסִילִ֣ים תְּאַבְּדֵֽם 1 Here, **false security** is spoken of as if it were a person who could **lead** someone. This expression means that **stupid ones** will die because of their **false security**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “and stupid ones will be ruined because of their false security” or “false security of stupid ones is like someone who will ruin them”
1:33 pspz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְשֹׁמֵ֣עַֽ 1 **But** here indicates a strong contrast between **the one who listens** and “the naive ones,” who were mentioned in the previous verse. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “However, the one who listens”
1:33 kho1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִפַּ֥חַד רָעָֽה 1 Here, the possessive form describes **dread** that a person has for **evil**. If this is not clear in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from dreading evil”
1:33 zjk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִפַּ֥חַד רָעָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **dread** in [1:26](../01/26.md) and **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
2:intro wr6i 0 # Proverbs 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crimes or adultery (2:1–22)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men.
2:1 ku26 בְּ֭נִי 1 In [2:1](../02/01.md)–[7:27](../07/27.md), Solomon continues addressing his **son** directly, as he had previously in [1:8–19](../01/08.md).
2:1 fkcl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical אִם 1 Here, **if** indicates the beginning of a conditional sentence that extends from this verse to [2:5](../02/05.md). This is the first of three **if** clauses in this long sentence. If it would be clearer in your language, you could divide this long sentence into shorter sentences and indicate the condition along with the result in [2:5](../02/05.md), as in the UST.
2:1 jh3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ֝מִצְוֺתַ֗י תִּצְפֹּ֥ן אִתָּֽךְ 1 Valuing the father’s **commandments** is spoken of as if the **commandments** were a treasure and the person were a safe place to store that treasure. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and consider my commandments to be as valuable as a treasure”
2:2 hiva rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְהַקְשִׁ֣יב לַֽחָכְמָ֣ה אָזְנֶ֑ךָ תַּטֶּ֥ה לִ֝בְּךָ֗ לַתְּבוּנָֽה 1 The word translated as **to** here indicates that what follows in this verse explains the means by which a person can receive the sayings and commandments mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “by causing your ear to be attentive to wisdom, and by inclining your heart to understanding”
2:2 an5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לְהַקְשִׁ֣יב & אָזְנֶ֑ךָ 1 This phrase is an idiom that refers to forcing oneself to listen carefully. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “force yourself to listen carefully”
2:2 w1il rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לַֽחָכְמָ֣ה & לַתְּבוּנָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
2:2 ibaf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy תַּטֶּ֥ה לִ֝בְּךָ֗ לַתְּבוּנָֽה 1 Here, Solomon uses **heart** to refer a person’s inner being or mind. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “incline your inner being to understanding” or “incline your mind to understanding”
2:2 gme3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom תַּטֶּ֥ה לִ֝בְּךָ֗ לַתְּבוּנָֽה 1 The phrase **incline your heart** is an idiom that refers to fully committing one’s mind to doing something. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “fully commit yourself to gaining understanding”
2:3 j5n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אִ֣ם לַבִּינָ֣ה תִקְרָ֑א לַ֝תְּבוּנָ֗ה תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלֶֽךָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with words that show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “if you call out for understanding, yes, if for perception you lift up your voice”
2:3 ntaj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification לַבִּינָ֣ה & לַ֝תְּבוּנָ֗ה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of calling out to receive **understanding** and **perception** as if they were people whom someone could summon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to receive understanding … to receive perception”
2:3 v4y2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לַבִּינָ֣ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **understanding** in the previous verse.
2:3 cda0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לַ֝תְּבוּנָ֗ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **perception**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “for what should be perceived”
2:3 q192 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלֶֽךָ 1 This phrase is an idiom that refers to speaking loudly. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you speak with a loud voice”
2:4 ci1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אִם־תְּבַקְשֶׁ֥נָּה כַכָּ֑סֶף וְֽכַמַּטְמוֹנִ֥ים תַּחְפְּשֶֽׂנָּה 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with words other than **and** that show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “if you seek it like silver, yes, if search for it like hidden treasures”
2:4 mvqx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אִם־תְּבַקְשֶׁ֥נָּה כַכָּ֑סֶף וְֽכַמַּטְמוֹנִ֥ים תַּחְפְּשֶֽׂנָּה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “if you seek it like it were silver and search for it like it were hidden treasures” or “if you seek it like you would seek silver and search for it like you would search for hidden treasures”
2:4 sm8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns תְּבַקְשֶׁ֥נָּה & תַּחְפְּשֶֽׂנָּה 1 In this verse, the pronoun **it** refers to wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you seek wisdom … search for wisdom”
2:4 ll3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile אִם־תְּבַקְשֶׁ֥נָּה כַכָּ֑סֶף וְֽכַמַּטְמוֹנִ֥ים תַּחְפְּשֶֽׂנָּה 1 Solomon is saying that wisdom is like **silver** and **hidden treasures** because those are items they people value greatly and work very hard to find. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “if you seek it diligently like one seeks silver and search for it diligently like one searches for hidden treasures”
2:5 y8la rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result אָ֗ז 1 Here, **then** indicates that what follows is the result of meeting the conditions that are stated in [2:1–4](../02/01.md). If you divided this long sentence in [2:1–5](../02/01.md) into shorter sentences, then you will need to indicate condition before the result here, as in the UST. Alternate translation: “If you do so, then the result will be that”
2:5 ngzm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession יִרְאַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:7](../01/07.md).
2:5 h49h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְדַ֖עַת אֱלֹהִ֣ים תִּמְצָֽא 1 Obtaining **the knowledge of God** is spoken of as if **the knowledge of God** were an object that a person can **find** by searching for it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will have the knowledge of God”
2:5 vknk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְדַ֖עַת אֱלֹהִ֣ים תִּמְצָֽא 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe knowing **God**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and you will find how to know God”
2:6 cq0z rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why what Solomon stated in [2:1–4](../02/01.md) is true. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is due to the fact that”
2:6 ab3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָ֑ה & דַּ֣עַת וּתְבוּנָֽה 1 See how you translated **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **knowledge** and **understanding** in the previous verse.
2:6 g5bj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מִ֝פִּ֗יו דַּ֣עַת וּתְבוּנָֽה 1 Here, **mouth** represents Yahweh himself or what he says. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from Yahweh comes knowledge and understanding”
2:7 jn6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וצפן לַ֭יְשָׁרִים תּוּשִׁיָּ֑ה 1 Yahweh possessing **sound wisdom** that he gives to people is spoken of as if **sound wisdom** were an item that Yahweh **stores up**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And he has sound wisdom to provide for the upright ones”
2:7 dv7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תּוּשִׁיָּ֑ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **sound wisdom**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “soundly wise things”
2:7 m2mi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מָ֝גֵ֗ן לְהֹ֣לְכֵי תֹֽם 1 Yahweh protecting his people is spoken of as if he were a **shield**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he shields those walking with integrity”
2:7 u4zr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְהֹ֣לְכֵי תֹֽם 1 Here, **walking** refers to how people behave. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who conduct themselves with integrity”
2:7 xk74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תֹֽם 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **integrity** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
2:8 ajdo rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לִ֭נְצֹר 1 Here, **to** indicates that what follows is the purpose for Yahweh giving “sound wisdom” and being a “shield,” as stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a purpose. You may to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does these things for the purpose of guarding”
2:8 qt7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אָרְח֣וֹת מִשְׁפָּ֑ט 1 Here, **paths** could refer to: (1) the lives of people who behave justly, in which case the meaning is similar to the next clause in the verse. Alternate translation: “those who behave justly” (2) **justice** itself, as if it were **paths**. Alternate translation: “the path that is justice” or “justice”
2:8 t2qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְדֶ֖רֶךְ חֲסִידָ֣יו יִשְׁמֹֽר 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the lives of God’s **faithful ones** as if they were a way or road. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he will preserve the lives of his faithful ones”
2:9 qn9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result אָ֗ז 1 **Then** here indicates that what follows is another result of meeting the conditions stated in [2:1–4](../02/01.md). Use the most natural way in your language to indicate the result of meeting conditions. Alternate translation: “If you do those things, then the result will be that”
2:9 hh3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns צֶ֣דֶק וּמִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּ֝מֵישָׁרִ֗ים 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **righteousness**, **justice**, and **integrity** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
2:9 ex8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כָּל־מַעְגַּל־טֽוֹב 1 Here, Solomon speaks of wise behavior as if it were a **good track**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “every good behavior”
2:10 ftxt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָ֣ה & וְ֝דַ֗עַת 1 See how you translated **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
2:10 sjsp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְלִבֶּ֑ךָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
2:10 kf4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom תָב֣וֹא & בְלִבֶּ֑ךָ 1 This phrase is an idiom that refers to fully knowing something. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be fully known by you” or “will be fully in your mind”
2:10 z4e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לְֽנַפְשְׁךָ֥ יִנְעָֽם 1 Here, **soul** refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be pleasant to you”
2:11 oo4b 1 [2:11–17](../02/11.md) are one long sentence. If you divide these verses into multiple sentences, as the UST does, then you may need to repeat some phrases in order to make the meaning clear.
2:11 q2th rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism מְ֭זִמָּה תִּשְׁמֹ֥ר עָלֶ֗יךָ תְּבוּנָ֥ה תִנְצְרֶֽכָּה 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Discretion will preserve over you, yes, understanding will protect you”
2:11 jbm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification מְ֭זִמָּה תִּשְׁמֹ֥ר עָלֶ֗יךָ תְּבוּנָ֥ה תִנְצְרֶֽכָּה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **discretion** and **understanding** as if they were people who could **protect** someone else. He means that someone who has **discretion** and **understanding** will be safe. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “If you have discretion, you will be safe; if you have understanding, you will be secure”
2:11 dnu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מְ֭זִמָּה & תְּבוּנָ֥ה 1 See how you translated **Discretion** in [1:4](../01/04.md) and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
2:12 ix2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification לְ֭הַצִּ֣ילְךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of “discretion” and “understanding” as if they were people who could **rescue** someone. He means that people who have “discretion” and “understanding” will **rescue** themselves from harm. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to rescue yourselves”
2:12 w9je rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְ֭הַצִּ֣ילְךָ 1 Here, **to** indicates that what follows is the purpose for “discretion” and “understanding” protecting a person, as stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a purpose. Alternate translation: “Discretion and understanding will protect you for the purpose of rescuing you”
2:12 xcem rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִדֶּ֣רֶךְ רָ֑ע 1 This phase **the way of evil** could refer to: (1) the **way** of an **evil** person. This interpretation fits the context of the descriptions of evil people given in [2:12–17](../02/12.md). Alternate translation: “from the way of an evil person” (2) a **way** that is characterized by **evil**. Alternate translation: “from the evil way”
2:12 vs4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִדֶּ֣רֶךְ 1 Here, Solomon uses **way** to refer to how people behave. See how you translated this use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
2:12 ekbf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָ֑ע 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
2:12 utj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מֵ֝אִ֗ישׁ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and to rescue you from a man”
2:12 vund rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מֵ֝אִ֗ישׁ 1 The word **man** here represents a type of person in general, not one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “from a person”
2:13 a5k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אָרְח֣וֹת יֹ֑שֶׁר 1 Here, **the paths of straightness** refers to behaving in a right manner. The word **paths** refers to human behavior, and **straightness** refers to being righteous. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “doing what is right” or “acting rightly”
2:13 tc6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לָ֝לֶ֗כֶת 1 Here, **to** introduces the purpose for forsaking **the paths of straightness**. Use a natural way in your language to indicate purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of walking”
2:13 q9by rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לָ֝לֶ֗כֶת בְּדַרְכֵי־חֹֽשֶׁךְ 1 This phrase refers to behaving in an evil manner. The biblical authors often use **walk** to refer to how someone behaves and **darkness** to refer to evil. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to do what is evil” or “to behave in an evil manner”
2:14 e571 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָ֑ע & רָֽע 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **evil**in [1:16](../01/16.md).
2:14 t4yz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּֽתַהְפֻּכ֥וֹת רָֽע 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **perverse things** that are characterized by **evil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “evil perverse things”
2:15 ei69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָרְחֹתֵיהֶ֣ם עִקְּשִׁ֑ים וּ֝נְלוֹזִ֗ים בְּמַעְגְּלוֹתָֽם 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “whose paths are crooked, yes, who go astray in their tracks”
2:15 jpq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אָרְחֹתֵיהֶ֣ם עִקְּשִׁ֑ים & בְּמַעְגְּלוֹתָֽם 1 Here, Solomon refers to human behavior as if it were **paths** and **tracks** that people walk on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “behavior is crooked … in their behavior”
2:15 lsl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עִקְּשִׁ֑ים & וּ֝נְלוֹזִ֗ים 1 Here, Solomon uses the phrases **are crooked** and **go astray** to refer to being deceptive. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are deceptive and who are deceptive”
2:16 p5k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְ֭הַצִּ֣ילְךָ 1 Here, **to** indicates that what follows is another purpose for “discretion” and “understanding” guarding a person, as stated in the [2:11](../02/11.md). Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a purpose. If you divided up the long sentence in [2:11–17](../02/11.md) into shorter sentences, then here you will need to repeat some information from [2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “Discretion and understanding will guard you for the additional purpose of rescuing you”
2:16 wotd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מֵאִשָּׁ֣ה זָרָ֑ה מִ֝נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה 1 Here, Solomon refers to an immoral and adulterous **woman** as if she were a stranger or foreigner. God considers such a **woman** to be **strange** or **foreign** because her sinful acts have caused her to be alienated from God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.
2:16 dtaw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מֵאִשָּׁ֣ה זָרָ֑ה מִ֝נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה 1 Solomon is speaking of any women who do these things, not of one particular **woman**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “from any strange woman, from any foreign woman”
2:16 yvpb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מִ֝נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and to rescue you from a foreign woman”
2:16 zrdj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲמָרֶ֥יהָ הֶחֱלִֽיקָה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of this woman speaking seductively as if she were making what she says **smooth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who makes her sayings seductive”
2:17 c2iu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַלּ֣וּף 1 Here, **companion** refers to the husband of the adulterous woman mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the husband of”
2:17 on5o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אַלּ֣וּף נְעוּרֶ֑יהָ 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the companion** whom this woman married while she was in **her youth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the companion whom she married in her youth”
2:17 omt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns נְעוּרֶ֑יהָ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **youth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the time when she was young”
2:17 awb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּרִ֖ית אֱלֹהֶ֣יהָ 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the covenant** that this woman made with **her God.** If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the covenant that she made with her God”
2:17 yeit rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּרִ֖ית 1 Here, **covenant** refers specifically to the **covenant** that that man and woman made with each other and God when they married. This **covenant** included promising not to commit adultery. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the covenant that she made with her God when she married her husband”
2:18 i084 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why “discretion” and “understanding” rescue a man from an adulterous woman, as stated in [2:16](../02/16.md). Use the most natural way in your language to state a reason. Alternate translation: “Discretion and understanding will rescue you from her because”
2:18 v1ud rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism שָׁ֣חָה אֶל־מָ֣וֶת בֵּיתָ֑הּ וְאֶל־רְ֝פָאִ֗ים מַעְגְּלֹתֶֽיהָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “her house sinks down to death, yes, her tracks to the spirits of the dead”
2:18 dn9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בֵּיתָ֑הּ 1 Here, **house** could refer to: (1) going to the adulterous woman’s **house**. Alternate translation: “going to her house” (2) the adulterous activity that takes place in her house. Alternate translation: “what she does in her house”
2:18 hbh4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שָׁ֣חָה אֶל־מָ֣וֶת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a man doing something that would result in his death as if he were going on a path or to a **house** that **sinks down**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “results in a man dying” or “causes a man to die”
2:18 rkj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְאֶל־רְ֝פָאִ֗ים מַעְגְּלֹתֶֽיהָ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “and her tracks sink down to the spirits of the dead” or “and her tracks lead to the spirits of the dead”
2:18 g44z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַעְגְּלֹתֶֽיהָ 1 Here, **tracks** could refer to: (1) the path that leads to the adulterous woman. Alternate translation: “the path that leads to her” (2) how she behaves, which is how **tracks** is used in [2:15](../02/15.md). Alternate translation: “her behavior”
2:18 hwl4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy רְ֝פָאִ֗ים 1 Here, **the spirits of dead ones** refers to the place where people’s spirits go when they die, which was called “Sheol” in [1:12](../01/12.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the place where the spirits of dead people dwell” or “the place of the dead”
2:19 n7tg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism בָּ֭אֶיהָ 1 Here, **enter** refers to someone having sexual relations with another person. This is a polite way of referring to something that is offensive or embarrassing in some cultures. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different polite way of referring to this act or you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “those who have sexual relations with her” or “those who sleep with her”
2:19 wzqj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֣א יְשׁוּב֑וּן 1 Here, **return** could refer to: (1) those people coming back to life, as suggested by the references to death in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “will not become alive again” (2) those people returning to a joyful or prosperous life. Alternate translation: “will not return to living well”
2:19 zg4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְלֹֽא־יַ֝שִּׂ֗יגוּ אָרְח֥וֹת חַיִּֽים 1 This could mean: (1) those people will not be able to come back to life, as suggested by the references to death in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “and they will not return to the land of the living” (2) those people will not be able to enjoy a good life again. Alternate translation: “and they will never live a happy life again”
2:20 ts71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לְמַ֗עַן 1 **So** here indicates that what follows is the result of what was stated in [2:11–19](../02/11.md) being true. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “Because this is true”
2:20 kzax rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism תֵּ֭לֵךְ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ טוֹבִ֑ים וְאָרְח֖וֹת צַדִּיקִ֣ים תִּשְׁמֹֽר 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “you shall walk in the way of the good ones, yes, the paths of the righteous ones you shall keep”
2:20 hp7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative תֵּ֭לֵךְ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ טוֹבִ֑ים וְאָרְח֖וֹת צַדִּיקִ֣ים תִּשְׁמֹֽר 1 Solomon is using a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “walk in the way of the good ones and keep the paths of the righteous ones”
2:20 fiw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תֵּ֭לֵךְ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ & וְאָרְח֖וֹת & תִּשְׁמֹֽר 1 The phrases **walk in the way of** and **keep the paths of** both refer to how people behave or live their lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you shall behave like … and you shall behave like”
2:21 wou9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי 1 **For** here indicates that what follows in [2:21–22](../02/21.md) is the conclusion to what was stated in [2:11–20](../02/11.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. See how you translated a similar use of **For** in [1:32](../01/32.md). Alternate translation: “In conclusion,”
2:21 uy6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism יְשָׁרִ֥ים יִשְׁכְּנוּ אָ֑רֶץ וּ֝תְמִימִ֗ים יִוָּ֥תְרוּ בָֽהּ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “the upright ones will dwell in the land, yes, the blameless ones will remain in it”
2:21 bqn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִשְׁכְּנוּ אָ֑רֶץ & יִוָּ֥תְרוּ בָֽהּ 1 Here, **the land** and **it** could refer to: (1) the **land** of Israel, which God had given to the Jewish people and which Solomon was ruling over when he wrote these proverbs. Alternate translation: “will dwell in the land of Israel … will remain in Israel” or “will dwell in our land … will remain in our land” (2) the earth in general, in which case this would refer to staying alive. Alternate translation: “will dwell on the earth … will remain alive on the earth”
2:22 nyod rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וּ֭רְשָׁעִים 1 Here, **but** indicates a strong contrast between the **wicked** and **treacherous** people and the “upright” and “blameless” people, who were mentioned in the previous verse. See how you translated a similar strong contrast in [1:33](../01/33.md).
2:22 mnw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִכָּרֵ֑תוּ &יִסְּח֥וּ 1 If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The context indicates that God will do the action. Alternate translation: “God will cut off … God will tear away”
2:22 r5sm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִכָּרֵ֑תוּ & יִסְּח֥וּ 1 Solomon speaks of Yahweh removing people from **the land** as if he were cutting those people off, like a person cuts a branch from a tree, or as if he were tearing those people away, like a person violently pulls someone off of something. Solomon does not state if these people are removed by being killed or by being forced to leave **the land**, so it is best to use general expressions for these phrases. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be removed … will be taken away”
2:22 w94m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵאֶ֣רֶץ & מִמֶּֽנָּה 1 See how you translated **the land** and **it** in the previous verse.
3:intro a94e 0 # Proverbs 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Personification\n\nIn [3:15–18](../03/15.md), wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent an abstract concept like wisdom, the translator should translate the personification directly. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3:1 tjcg בְּ֭נִי 1 From [2:1](../02/01.md) to [7:27](../07/27.md), Solomon addresses his **son** directly, as he had previously in [1:8–19](../01/08.md). [3:1](../03/01.md) continues these direct instructions.
3:1 p6r4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism תּוֹרָתִ֣י אַל־תִּשְׁכָּ֑ח וּ֝מִצְוֺתַ֗י יִצֹּ֥ר לִבֶּֽךָ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “do not forget my law, yes, my commandments let your heart guard”
3:1 jvym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes אַל־תִּשְׁכָּ֑ח 1 Here, Solomon uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning positively, as in the UST.
3:1 ji5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns תּוֹרָתִ֣י 1 Here, the word **law** is singular in form, but it refers to several laws as a group. See how you translated this use of **law** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
3:1 f5cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ֝מִצְוֺתַ֗י 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **commandments** in [2:1](../02/01.md).
3:1 n273 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יִצֹּ֥ר לִבֶּֽךָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
3:1 g7i5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יִצֹּ֥ר לִבֶּֽךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person’s **heart** as if it were a person who could **guard** something, and he speaks of **commandments** as if they were things that could be guarded. He means that he wants his son to remember these **commandments** in order to obey them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “remember to obey”
3:2 e1jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Remember my commandments because”\n
3:2 yp9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure אֹ֣רֶךְ יָ֭מִים וּשְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּ֑ים וְ֝שָׁל֗וֹם יוֹסִ֥יפוּ לָֽךְ 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “they will add to you length of days and years of life and peace”
3:2 fmbi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֹ֣רֶךְ יָ֭מִים 1 Here, **length of days** is an idiom that means “a long life.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a long life”
3:2 r3ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּשְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּ֑ים 1 Here, **years of life** is an idiom that means “a long and fulfilling life.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and a fulfilling life” or “and years of fulfilling life”
3:2 jl5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ֝שָׁל֗וֹם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **peace**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and a peaceful life”
3:2 f1ut rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יוֹסִ֥יפוּ 1 Here, the pronoun **they** refers to the law and commandments mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “my law and commandments will add”
3:2 rplu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יוֹסִ֥יפוּ לָֽךְ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of his commandments as if they could **add** **length** to a person’s life. He means that obeying his commandments will enable a person to life a long life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “obeying them will add to you” or “by obeying them you will add to yourself”
3:3 s6k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism חֶ֥סֶד וֶאֱמֶ֗ת אַֽל־יַעַ֫זְבֻ֥ךָ קָשְׁרֵ֥ם עַל־גַּרְגְּרוֹתֶ֑יךָ כָּ֝תְבֵ֗ם עַל־ל֥וּחַ לִבֶּֽךָ 1 These three clauses mean basically the same thing. The second and third clauses emphasize the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a word that shows the connection between these three clauses. Alternate translation: “Do not let covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness leave you, yes, bind them on your throats, indeed, write them on the tablet of your heart”
3:3 w5in rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification חֶ֥סֶד וֶאֱמֶ֗ת אַֽל־יַעַ֫זְבֻ֥ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **covenant faithfulness** and **trustworthiness** as if they were people who could **leave** someone. He means that a person should not stop being faithful and trustworthy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not stop being faithful and trustworthy”
3:3 jx0f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes חֶ֥סֶד וֶאֱמֶ֗ת אַֽל־יַעַ֫זְבֻ֥ךָ 1 Here, Solomon uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “Retain covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness”
3:3 v4wt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חֶ֥סֶד וֶאֱמֶ֗ת 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **covenant faithfulness** and **trustworthiness**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “being faithful and trustworthy”
3:3 xj6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor קָשְׁרֵ֥ם עַל־גַּרְגְּרוֹתֶ֑יךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **covenant faithfulness** and **trustworthiness** as if they were objects that someone could **tie** around his **neck** like a necklace. He means that these are valuable qualities that people should display outwardly by their behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “show them outwardly by how you behave” or “display them like one would wear a necklace”
3:3 i4pt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כָּ֝תְבֵ֗ם עַל־ל֥וּחַ לִבֶּֽךָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
3:3 i8u6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כָּ֝תְבֵ֗ם עַל־ל֥וּחַ לִבֶּֽךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the **heart** as if it were a **tablet** upon which someone could **write** **covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness**. He means that people should always remember to behave with **covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “keep these things in your mind” or “always remember them, as if you had written them permanently on a tablet”
3:4 xajl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וּמְצָא־חֵ֖ן 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the commands stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do these things, then you will find favor” or “This will result in you finding favor”
3:4 uwqy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּמְצָא־חֵ֖ן וְשֵֽׂכֶל־ט֑וֹב 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **favor and good insight** as if they were objects that a person could find. He means that **God and man** will show **favor** and **good insight** to the person who does what Solomon commanded in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you will experience favor and good insight”
3:4 g3fy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּעֵינֵ֖י 1 Here, **eyes** refers to seeing, and seeing is a metaphor for knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the judgment of”
3:4 i2ke rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְאָדָֽם 1 Solomon is speaking of people in general, not of one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “and others”
3:5 w345 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִבֶּ֑ךָ 1 See how you translated **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
3:5 m1v4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְאֶל־בִּֽ֝ינָתְךָ֗ אַל־תִּשָּׁעֵֽן 1 Here, Solomon speaks of relying on one’s own **understanding** as if **understanding** were an object that a person could **lean on**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not rely on your own understanding”
3:5 xos0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בִּֽ֝ינָתְךָ֗ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
3:6 c7br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּכָל־דְּרָכֶ֥יךָ & אֹֽרְחֹתֶֽיךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person’s actions as if they were **ways** or **paths** on which that person walks. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in all that you do … what you do”
3:6 ftuh rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְ֝ה֗וּא יְיַשֵּׁ֥ר 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the commands stated in the previous verse and the beginning of this verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do these things, then he himself will straighten” or “This will result in he himself straightening”
3:6 vunk rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ֝ה֗וּא יְיַשֵּׁ֥ר 1 For emphasis, Solomon is stating the pronoun **himself**, whose meaning is already stated as **he**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **himself**. Alternate translation: “he indeed will straighten”
3:6 m1v6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝ה֗וּא יְיַשֵּׁ֥ר אֹֽרְחֹתֶֽיךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of Yahweh showing people what they should do as if Yahweh were removing obstacles and smoothing out **paths** that people walk on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he himself will make clear to you what you should do” or “and he himself will guide your actions”
3:7 y6is rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person’s opinion as if that person were seeing something with his **eyes**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in your own opinion”
3:7 dgv0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast יְרָ֥א אֶת־יְ֝הוָ֗ה וְס֣וּר מֵרָֽע 1 This clause is a strong contrast with the previous clause. While the previous clause said what a person should not do, this clause says what that person should do instead. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Rather, fear Yahweh and turn from evil”\n
3:7 au5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְס֣וּר מֵרָֽע 1 Here, Solomon speaks of refusing to do **evil** actions as if are person were turning away **from evil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and do not commit evil”
3:7 fwf0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מֵרָֽע 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
3:8 yl6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism רִ֭פְאוּת תְּהִ֣י לְשָׁרֶּ֑ךָ וְ֝שִׁקּ֗וּי לְעַצְמוֹתֶֽיךָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “It will be healing for your navel, yes, refreshment for your bones”
3:8 du95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns תְּהִ֣י 1 The pronoun **It** here refers to following the commands that Solomon stated in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Obeying these commands will be”
3:8 dtw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לְשָׁרֶּ֑ךָ & לְעַצְמוֹתֶֽיךָ 1 Solomon is using parts of a person, the **navel** and **bones**, to represent a person’s whole body. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for your body … for your whole body”
3:8 tca5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ֝שִׁקּ֗וּי לְעַצְמוֹתֶֽיךָ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and it will be refreshment for your bones”
3:8 ghf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ֝שִׁקּ֗וּי לְעַצְמוֹתֶֽיךָ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **refreshment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and will cause your bones to be refreshed”
3:9 j8au rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מֵהוֹנֶ֑ךָ וּ֝מֵרֵאשִׁ֗ית כָּל־תְּבוּאָתֶֽךָ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “by giving from your wealth and by giving from the first of all your produce”
3:9 thp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ֝מֵרֵאשִׁ֗ית 1 Here, **first** refers to the **first** crops that were harvested at harvest time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and from the first crops harvested of”
3:10 z9am rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְיִמָּלְא֣וּ אֲסָמֶ֣יךָ שָׂבָ֑ע 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the command stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do these things, then your storehouses will be full with plenty” or “This will result in your storehouses being full with plenty”
3:10 y7db rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֲסָמֶ֣יךָ 1 The word **storehouses** refers to buildings or rooms where harvested crops are stored. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of storage place, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “your place for storing harvested crops”
3:10 b6gn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שָׂבָ֑ע 1 Here, **plenty** refers to a plentiful amount of harvested crops. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a plentiful amount of harvested crops”
3:10 vtx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ֝תִיר֗וֹשׁ יְקָבֶ֥יךָ יִפְרֹֽצוּ 1 The word **vats** refers to large containers in which the juice of grapes called **new wine** was processed into **wine**. If a very large amount of **new wine** was put in the **vat**, it could flow over the top of the **vat**. If your readers would not be familiar with **wine** or the way it is produced, you could refer to something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “and your storage containers will become so extremely full that they break open”
3:11 f4sx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מוּסַ֣ר & בְּתוֹכַחְתּֽוֹ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **correction** and **rebuke**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “Being corrected by … being rebuked by him”
3:12 vqzb rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here introduces the reason for obeying the commands stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate reasons. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Do not do these things because”
3:12 qsno rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ֝כְאָ֗ב אֶת־בֵּ֥ן יִרְצֶֽה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and like a father he rebukes a son he is pleased with”
3:12 gpk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־בֵּ֥ן יִרְצֶֽה 1 The phrase **he is pleased with** refers to the father’s affection for his **son**. It does not mean that the father approves of his son’s behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a son who is dear to him”
3:13 cg8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אַשְׁרֵ֣י אָ֭דָם מָצָ֣א חָכְמָ֑ה וְ֝אָדָ֗ם יָפִ֥יק תְּבוּנָֽה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Happy is a man who finds wisdom and happy is a man who obtains understanding”
3:13 cckc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אַשְׁרֵ֣י אָ֭דָם מָצָ֣א חָכְמָ֑ה וְ֝אָדָ֗ם יָפִ֥יק תְּבוּנָֽה 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Happy is a man who finds wisdom, yes, happy is a man who obtains understanding”
3:13 g5fm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אָ֭דָם & וְ֝אָדָ֗ם 1 In this verse, **a man** represents a person in general, not one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “is a person … and a person”
3:13 d1nq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מָצָ֣א חָכְמָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of attaining **wisdom** as if it were an object that a person **finds**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who attains wisdom”
3:13 gdvg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָ֑ה & תְּבוּנָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
3:14 xyy7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is the reason what was stated in the previous verse is true. Use the most natural way in your language to state a reason. Alternate translation: “This is due to the fact that”
3:14 jir1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ֝מֵחָר֗וּץ תְּבוּאָתָֽהּ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and than the produce of gold better is its produce”
3:14 rcci rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism ט֣וֹב סַ֭חְרָהּ מִסְּחַר־כָּ֑סֶף וּ֝מֵחָר֗וּץ תְּבוּאָתָֽהּ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “better {is} its profit than the profit of silver, yes, better than the produce of gold is its produce”
3:14 eetj rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns סַ֭חְרָהּ & תְּבוּאָתָֽהּ 1 In this verse, **its** refers to wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is wisdom’s profit … wisdom’s produce”
3:14 jkcm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor סַ֭חְרָהּ מִסְּחַר־כָּ֑סֶף 1 Although the word **profit** usually refers to money that someone earns, Solomon uses it here to refer to a benefit in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is its benefit than the benefit of silver”
3:14 gy74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִסְּחַר־כָּ֑סֶף 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the monetary **profit** that one gains by selling or investing **silver**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “then the profit one can make from selling silver”
3:14 ssa3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ֝מֵחָר֗וּץ תְּבוּאָתָֽהּ 1 Although the word **produce** usually refers to harvested crops, Solomon uses it here to refer to a benefit in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and than gold its benefit”
3:15 y2yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification הִ֭יא & בָֽהּ 1 In [3:15–18](../03/15.md) Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “It … with it”
3:15 vxz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown יְקָ֣רָה & מִפְּנִינִ֑ים 1 The word translated **corals** could also refer to precious stones called “rubies.” Either word refers to an item that is extremely valuable. If your readers would not be familiar with **corals** or rubies, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “is more precious than valuable stones” or “is more precious than something extremely valuable”
3:16 k6ir rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֹ֣רֶךְ יָ֭מִים 1 See how you translated this idiom in [3:2](../03/02.md).
3:16 e88d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בִּֽימִינָ֑הּ בִּ֝שְׂמֹאולָ֗הּ 1 In this verse, **her** refers to wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is in wisdom’s right hand, in wisdom’s left hand”
3:16 p6g3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בִּֽימִינָ֑הּ בִּ֝שְׂמֹאולָ֗הּ עֹ֣שֶׁר 1 Here, Solomon speaks of wise people receiving **length of days**, **riches**, and **honor** as if they were objects received from the **right** and **left** hands of wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is received by those who have wisdom, those who have wisdom receive riches”
3:16 yu0r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְכָבֽוֹד 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **honor**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and being honored”
3:17 dpuo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification דְּרָכֶ֥יהָ & נְתִ֖יבוֹתֶ֣יהָ 1 **Her** and **her** here refer to wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Wisdom’s ways … wisdom’s beaten paths”
3:17 t64o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism דְּרָכֶ֥יהָ דַרְכֵי־נֹ֑עַם וְֽכָל־נְתִ֖יבוֹתֶ֣יהָ שָׁלֽוֹם 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Her ways are ways of pleasantness, yes, all her beaten paths are peace”
3:17 a7ix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דְּרָכֶ֥יהָ דַרְכֵי & נְתִ֖יבוֹתֶ֣יהָ שָׁלֽוֹם 1 In this verse, **ways** and **beaten paths** refer to how being wise guides a person’s behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Wise behavior is behavior of … wise behavior brings peace”
3:17 l02t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession דַרְכֵי־נֹ֑עַם 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **ways** that result in **pleasantness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “are ways that lead to pleasantness”
3:17 u5du rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns שָׁלֽוֹם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **peace**, you could express the same idea in another way. The context indicates that **peace** is result of following the **beaten paths**. Alternate translation: “lead to being peaceful” or “result in living peacefully”
3:18 ac5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הִ֭יא & בָּ֑הּ וְֽתֹמְכֶ֥יהָ 1 **She** and **her** here refer to wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Wisdom … of wisdom, and those who grasp wisdom”
3:18 l7hn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עֵץ־חַיִּ֣ים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **tree** with fruit that sustains **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is a tree that gives life” or “is a tree with fruit that sustains life”
3:18 le9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֵץ־חַיִּ֣ים & לַמַּחֲזִיקִ֣ים בָּ֑הּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a **tree** that gives **life** to those who eat its fruit. He means that wisdom causes a person to live and long and happy life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “results in a good life for the ones who take hold of her” or “is like a tree that sustains the life the ones who take hold of her”
3:18 ka8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַמַּחֲזִיקִ֣ים בָּ֑הּ וְֽתֹמְכֶ֥יהָ 1 Here, Solomon refers to people who persist in being wise as if they **take hold of** or **grasp** wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the ones who retain wisdom, and those who remain wise”
3:19 c1nf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יָֽסַד־אָ֑רֶץ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **Yahweh** creating **the earth** as if he were laying the foundation of a building. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh created the earth”
3:19 rkhr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּחָכְמָ֥ה & בִּתְבוּנָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **understanding** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
3:20 ulw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תְּהוֹמ֣וֹת 1 Here, **depths** refers to bodies of water that were deep under the earth’s surface. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the underground bodies of water”
3:20 aov5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נִבְקָ֑עוּ 1 Here, **broke open** could refer to: (1) the water from **the depths** bursting out from under the ground to form rivers, which best fits the discussion of creation in [3:19–20](../03/19.md). Alternate translation: “burst forth water that formed rivers” (2) the water from **the depths** bursting out during the global flood of Noah’s time, as described in [7:11](../07/11.md). Alternate translation: “burst forth flood water”
3:21 t2j4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure אַל־יָלֻ֣זוּ מֵעֵינֶ֑יךָ נְצֹ֥ר תֻּ֝שִׁיָּ֗ה וּמְזִמָּֽה 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “guard prudence and discretion, do not let them depart from your eyes”
3:21 xa9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַל־יָלֻ֣זוּ מֵעֵינֶ֑יךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of not forgetting something as if someone were always able to see that thing with his **eyes**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not forget them”
3:21 p05r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נְצֹ֥ר 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **prudence** and **discretion** as they were things that could be guarded. He means that he wants his son to remember these qualities in order to practice them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “remember to practice”
3:21 g4b2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תֻּ֝שִׁיָּ֗ה וּמְזִמָּֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **prudence** and **discretion** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
3:22 c7za rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְיִֽהְי֣וּ 1 **And** here introduces the result of obeying the commands stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. Alternate translation: “If you do this, then they will be” or “This will result in them being”
3:22 v7jn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְיִֽהְי֣וּ 1 Here, **they** refers to “prudence” and “discretion” mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “And prudence and discretion will be”
3:22 aqnl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְיִֽהְי֣וּ חַיִּ֣ים לְנַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ 1 This phrase is an idiom that refers to having a long life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And they will cause your life to be long”
3:22 c3ab rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ֝חֵ֗ן לְגַרְגְּרֹתֶֽיךָ 1 Here, **grace** refers to something that looks graceful or attractive to others. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and graceful ornaments for your neck”
3:22 x4q3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝חֵ֗ן לְגַרְגְּרֹתֶֽיךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of “prudence” and “discretion” as if they were objects that a person could tie around the **neck** like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use similes. See how you translated a similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “and a gracious display like a necklace around your neck”
3:23 lr2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result אָ֤ז תֵּלֵ֣ךְ 1 **Then** here introduces more results of obeying the commands stated in [3:21](../03/21.md). Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. Alternate translation: “Having prudence and discretion will also result in you walking”
3:23 k64j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תֵּלֵ֣ךְ לָבֶ֣טַח דַּרְכֶּ֑ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of living one’s life as if one were walking along a **way**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will live your life in security”
3:23 hbrf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לָבֶ֣טַח 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **security**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “securely”
3:23 uxka rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ֝רַגְלְךָ֗ 1 Here, the word “foot” represents the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you”
3:23 d5hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝רַגְלְךָ֗ לֹ֣א תִגּֽוֹף 1 Here, **not stumble** could refer to: (1) a person not experiencing harm, which is similar to the idea in the previous clause. Alternate translation: “and your foot will not be harmed” (2) not sinning, which **stumble** is a common metaphor for in other scripture. Alternate translation: “and you will not sin”
3:24 f69h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תִּשְׁכַּ֥ב & וְ֝שָׁכַבְתָּ֗ 1 In this verse, **lie down** implies lying down in order to sleep. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in the UST.
3:25 dxf0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִפַּ֣חַד פִּתְאֹ֑ם וּמִשֹּׁאַ֥ת 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **dread** and **devastation**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “of dreadful things that happen suddenly and of what devastates”
3:25 ds94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּמִשֹּׁאַ֥ת רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the devastation** that is experienced by **the wicked ones**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and of the wicked ones being devastated”
3:25 ri9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns תָבֹֽא 1 Here, **it** refers to **the devastation** mentioned earlier in the verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “that devastation comes”
3:26 zyov rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the command in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid of these things because”
3:26 aw88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְכִסְלֶ֑ךָ 1 Here, Solomon uses **confidence** to refer to the source of a person’s **confidence**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your source of confidence”
3:26 gtf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְכִסְלֶ֑ךָ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **confidence**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “who makes you confident”
3:26 z3ye rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְשָׁמַ֖ר רַגְלְךָ֣ מִלָּֽכֶד 1 Here, “foot” represents the whole person. See how you translated the similar use of **foot** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
3:26 jc7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְשָׁמַ֖ר רַגְלְךָ֣ מִלָּֽכֶד 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone experiencing “sudden dread” or “devastation” as if the person were captured in a trap. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he will keep you from sudden dread or devastation” or “and he will keep you from harm”
3:27 yl8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ט֥וֹב 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **good**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “something that is good”
3:27 yag5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִבְּעָלָ֑יו 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the **good** that people deserve as if they were **its owners**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from those to whom it is due”
3:27 sqz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בִּהְי֨וֹת לְאֵ֖ל יָדְךָ֣ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of being able to do something as if doing something was **in the power of** one’s **hand**. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when you have the ability”
3:28 taqg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַל־תֹּ֘אמַ֤ר לְרֵֽעֲךָ֨ 1 Solomon implies that the **neighbor** needs something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “When your neighbor needs something, do not say to your neighbor”
3:28 r0kt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶתֵּ֗ן וְיֵ֣שׁ 1 In this verse, **it** refers to the thing that the **neighbor** needs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I will give you what you need, yet that thing is”
3:28 e1qg rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous וְיֵ֣שׁ 1 Here, **and** indicates that what follows is true at the same time as the speaker is speaking in the previous clause. This means that the person speaking refuses to give something to someone even though he has it with him. You can make this clear in your translation with an appropriate connecting word or phrase. Alternate translation: “when it is”
3:29 zok6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַל־תַּחֲרֹ֣שׁ & רָעָ֑ה 1 Here, **plot evil** implies someone plotting to do **evil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Do not scheme to do evil”
3:29 rdiz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָעָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
3:29 yfoa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לָבֶ֣טַח 1 Here, **securely** implies that this person trusts **you** and does not expect to be harmed by **you**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “trustfully”
3:29 aheb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אִתָּֽךְ 1 Here, **with you** refers to being near someone. It does not mean these people dwell in the same house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “near you”
3:30 h9r7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אָדָ֣ם & לֹ֖א גְמָלְךָ֣ 1 Here, **man** and **he** represent a person in general, not one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “a person … that person has not done you”
3:30 ohzi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure חִנָּ֑ם אִם־לֹ֖א גְמָלְךָ֣ רָעָֽה 1 This clause gives the reason why such contending would be **without cause**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use change the sentence structure to show this explicitly. Alternate translation: “who has not done you evil. There is no reason to argue.”
3:30 ykrq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָעָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
3:31 p0vm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּאִ֣ישׁ חָמָ֑ס 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who is characterized by **violence**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “of a violent man”
3:31 bqus rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְּאִ֣ישׁ 1 Here, **man** represents a person in general, not one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “of a person of”
3:31 pae7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דְּרָכָֽיו 1 Here, Solomon uses **ways** to refer to the behavior of **a man of violence**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the things he does”
3:31 k7bc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאַל־תִּ֝בְחַ֗ר בְּכָל־דְּרָכָֽיו 1 Solomon assumes that his readers will understand that this command refers to choosing not to do something. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and do not choose to do anything he does”
3:32 pi68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the command in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do not do these things because”
3:32 eu7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְהוָ֣ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **abomination**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “is an abominable person to Yahweh”
3:32 n8ed rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נָל֑וֹז 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone who refuses to act righteously and deliberately does what is wicked as if that person **goes astray** from a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he who acts wickedly”
3:32 uy1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְֽאֶת־יְשָׁרִ֥ים סוֹדֽוֹ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of Yahweh giving **secret counsel** to people as if it were an object that could be **with** those people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but to the upright ones he gives his secret counsel”
3:32 bu8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit סוֹדֽוֹ 1 The phrase **secret counsel** refers to confidential conversation between friends. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “his confidential conversation”
3:33 h6ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מְאֵרַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **curse** that comes from **Yahweh**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The curse from Yahweh”
3:33 bsfg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּבֵ֣ית 1 Solomon speaks of the **curse of Yahweh** as if it were an object that he placed **on** top of the wicked person’s **house**. He means that Yahweh curses that **house**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is against the house of”
3:33 q866 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּבֵ֣ית & וּנְוֵ֖ה & יְבָרֵֽךְ 1 Here, the words **house** and **abode** represent the families who live in those houses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is on the households of … but he blesses the households of”
3:34 bb7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הֽוּא־יָלִ֑יץ 1 For emphasis, Solomon is stating the pronoun **himself**, whose meaning is already stated as **he**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **himself**. Alternate translation: “he indeed mocks”
3:34 kb65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִתֶּן־חֵֽן 1 The writer speaks of Yahweh favoring people as if his **favor** were an object that he gives to people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he acts favorably” or “he is gracious”
3:35 y7vz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִנְחָ֑לוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of wise people receiving **honor** as if **honor** were property or wealth that they could **inherit** from a family member. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Wise ones will receive honor”
3:35 ly3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כָּ֭בוֹד & קָלֽוֹן 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **honor** and **dishonor**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **honor** in [3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “what is honorable … what is dishonorable”
3:35 b6jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מֵרִ֥ים 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **stupid** people receiving **dishonor** as if their **dishonor** was lifted up for everyone to see. If it would be helpful in your language, you cold express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will receive”
4:intro z4ah 0 # Proverbs 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Personification\n\nIn [4:6–9](../04/06.md), wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent an abstract concept like wisdom, the translator should translate the personification directly. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])\n
4:1 ik8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שִׁמְע֣וּ 1 See how you translated **Hear** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
4:1 hqv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָ֭נִים 1 Throughout chapters 1–9, Solomon alternates between using the plural **sons** and singular “son.” Many scholars think that Solomon does this in order to indicate that he is not only instructing one of his sons, but all of his readers as well. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you children”
4:1 rao5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מ֣וּסַר & בִּינָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **instruction** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
4:1 zck6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person אָ֑ב 1 Here, Solomon is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “me, your father”
4:2 s4lm rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Hear these instructions because”\n
4:2 paf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you לָכֶ֑ם 1 Here, **you** is plural and refers to the “sons” referred to in the previous verse.
4:2 emym rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result תּֽ֝וֹרָתִ֗י אַֽל־תַּעֲזֹֽבוּ 1 This clause is the result of what came before in the previous clause. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a result of what came before. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “This is why you must not forsake my law”
4:2 szcm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes אַֽל־תַּעֲזֹֽבוּ 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:8](../01/08.md).\n
4:2 bzrs rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns תּֽ֝וֹרָתִ֗י 1 See how you translated the collective noun **law** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
4:3 y999 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּי־בֵ֭ן הָיִ֣יתִי לְאָבִ֑י 1 **When** here indicates that what follows refers to the time when Solomon was a child and still lived under his father’s care. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “When I was still a boy learning from my father”
4:3 n5ke rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys רַ֥ךְ וְ֝יָחִ֗יד 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **tender** tells what the **only one** was like. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use **and**. Alternate translation: “the tender only one”\n
4:3 ev51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֝יָחִ֗יד 1 Here, **only one** could mean: (1) he was his mother’s only child. Alternate translation: “and only child” (2) he was a unique child of his mother. Alternate translation: “and unique one”
4:3 wjy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִפְנֵ֥י אִמִּֽי 1 Here, Solomon speaks of his **mother** considering him to be **the tender and only one** as if he were **before** her **face**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “according to my mother” or “in my mother’s estimation”
4:4 yg9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיֹּרֵ֗נִי 1 Here, **he** refers to Solomon’s father. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in the UST.
4:4 b7y3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִבֶּ֑ךָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
4:4 w8fa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִֽתְמָךְ & לִבֶּ֑ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of remembering **words** as if the **heart** were holding on tightly to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Let your heart remember”
4:4 jcen rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דְּבָרַ֥י 1 See how you translated the similar use of **my words** in [1:23](../01/23.md).
4:4 kgqa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִצְוֺתַ֣י 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **commandments** in [2:1](../02/01.md).
4:4 f7zk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וֶֽחְיֵֽה 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the command stated in the previous phrase. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “and it will result in you living”\n
4:5 ft42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָ֭כְמָה & בִינָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
4:5 m9r6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח וְאַל־תֵּ֝֗ט מֵֽאִמְרֵי־פִֽי 1 Here, the phrases **do not forget** and **do not veer from** are figures of speech that express strongly positive meanings by using a negative word, **not**, together with expressions that are the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meanings. Alternate translation: “remember and keep going in the direction of the sayings of my mouth”
4:5 l92p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח וְאַל־תֵּ֝֗ט מֵֽאִמְרֵי־פִֽי 1 Here, Solomon speaks of not forgetting something as if a person were not veering off of a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not forget and do not stop remembering the sayings of my mouth”
4:5 fb3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח וְאַל־תֵּ֝֗ט מֵֽאִמְרֵי־פִֽי 1 Here, the terms **forget** and **veer** mean similar things. Solomon is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “certainly do not forget the sayings of my mouth”
4:5 m3uv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מֵֽאִמְרֵי־פִֽי 1 Here, **mouth** represents Solomon’s father himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from my sayings”\n
4:6 vrf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes אַל־תַּעַזְבֶ֥הָ 1 See how you translated **Do not forsake** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
4:6 xx1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְתִשְׁמְרֶ֑ךָּ & וְתִצְּרֶֽךָּ 1 Both occurrences of **and** in this verse indicate that what follows are the results of the phrases that precede them. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. Alternate translation: “and it will result in her preserving you … and it will result in her guarding you”\n
4:6 zc73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification אַל־תַּעַזְבֶ֥הָ וְתִשְׁמְרֶ֑ךָּ אֱהָבֶ֥הָ וְתִצְּרֶֽךָּ 1 In [4:6–9](../04/06.md) Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “Do not forsake wisdom and wisdom will be like a woman who preserves you; love wisdom and wisdom will be like a woman who guards you”\n
4:7 zu2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit רֵאשִׁ֣ית חָ֭כְמָה 1 Here, **beginning** could refer to: (1) the most important thing. Alternate translation: “the most important thing is wisdom” or “wisdom is supreme” (2) the foundation or basis of something, as it means in [1:7](../01/07.md). Alternate translation: “the foundation of wisdom” or “the prerequisite for acquiring wisdom”\n
4:7 guq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns קְנֵ֣ה חָכְמָ֑ה & קְנֵ֣ה בִינָֽה 1 See how you translated these phrases in [4:5](../04/05.md).
4:7 qcf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns וּבְכָל־קִ֝נְיָנְךָ֗ 1 The word **acquisition** here is singular in form, but it refers to all of a person’s possessions as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “And with all your acquisitions” or “And with everything that you acquire”
4:7 b9ip rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּבְכָל־קִ֝נְיָנְךָ֗ 1 Here, **all your acquisition** implies the price of everything that someone has acquired. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “And with the price of all your acquisition” or “And with the price of all you possess”
4:8 pa2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification סַלְסְלֶ֥הָ וּֽתְרוֹמְמֶ֑ךָּ תְּ֝כַבֵּ֗דְךָ כִּ֣י תְחַבְּקֶֽנָּה 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “Cherish wisdom and wisdom will be like a woman who raises you up; wisdom will be like a woman who honors you when you embrace her”
4:8 x13z rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result סַלְסְלֶ֥הָ וּֽתְרוֹמְמֶ֑ךָּ 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the command stated in the previous phrase. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “If you cherish her, then she will raise you up” or “Cherish her and it will result in her raising you up”\n
4:8 k4fl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּֽתְרוֹמְמֶ֑ךָּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a wise person receiving honor as if wisdom were raising that person **up**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and she will cause you to be honored”
4:8 oyxz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תְּ֝כַבֵּ֗דְךָ 1 Here, Solomon implies that wisdom will cause people to **honor** the person who embraces **her**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “she will cause people to honor you”
4:8 o4nx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תְחַבְּקֶֽנָּה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone valuing wisdom as if he were embracing a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you value wisdom”
4:9 bft9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism תִּתֵּ֣ן לְ֭רֹאשְׁךָ לִוְיַת־חֵ֑ן עֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת תְּמַגְּנֶֽךָּ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “She will give for your head a garland of grace; yes, with a crown of splendor she will cover you”
4:9 z38e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תִּתֵּ֣ן לְ֭רֹאשְׁךָ לִוְיַת־חֵ֑ן עֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת תְּמַגְּנֶֽךָּ 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “Wisdom will be like a woman who gives a garland of grace for your head; wisdom will be like a woman who covers you with a crown of splendor”
4:9 beu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לִוְיַת־חֵ֑ן 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:9](../01/09.md).
4:9 z184 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת תְּמַגְּנֶֽךָּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a **crown** upon that person’s head. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “wisdom will cause people to honor you” or “wisdom will be like someone who puts a crown of splendor on your head”
4:9 py0o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **crown** that is characterized by **splendor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “with a splendorous crown”
4:10 p1f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שְׁמַ֣ע 1 See how you translated the same use of **Hear** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
4:10 ucq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְיִרְבּ֥וּ 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the commands stated in the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do these things, then they will multiply” or “This will result in them multiplying”\n
4:10 l7bx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְיִרְבּ֥וּ לְ֝ךָ֗ שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּֽים 1 Here, Solomon speaks of his **sayings** as if they were able to cause someone to live longer. He means that someone who obeys his **sayings** will live longer than if they did not do so. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and obey my sayings will multiply for you the years of life”
4:10 t094 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּֽים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the **years** that a person lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the years that you are alive”
4:11 h1ql rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ חָ֭כְמָה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **way** that is characterized by **wisdom**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “in the wise way”
4:11 zzp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ חָ֭כְמָה 1 Here, **the way** refers to how people behave or live their lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the wise behavior” or “how to behave wisely”\n
4:11 i8u1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession הִ֝דְרַכְתִּ֗יךָ בְּמַעְגְּלֵי־יֹֽשֶׁר 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **tracks** that are characterized by **uprightness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “I caused you to tread in the upright tracks”
4:11 m6c7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הִ֝דְרַכְתִּ֗יךָ בְּמַעְגְּלֵי־יֹֽשֶׁר 1 Here, Solomon refers to how people behave or live their lives as if they **tread** **in tracks** on a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I caused you to behave uprightly”
4:12 xxp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism בְּֽ֭לֶכְתְּךָ לֹא־יֵצַ֣ר צַעֲדֶ֑ךָ וְאִם־תָּ֝ר֗וּץ לֹ֣א תִכָּשֵֽׁל 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “When you walk, your step will not be restricted; yes, if you run, you will not stumble”
4:12 dnyj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּֽ֭לֶכְתְּךָ לֹא־יֵצַ֣ר צַעֲדֶ֑ךָ וְאִם־תָּ֝ר֗וּץ לֹ֣א תִכָּשֵֽׁל 1 In this verse, Solomon refers to what people do as if they were walking or running along paths, and he refers to their success in what they do as if the paths were free of obstacles that might make the person **stumble**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “When you do something, you will not be hindered; and if you attempt to do something, you will not fail”
4:12 e986 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹא־יֵצַ֣ר & לֹ֣א תִכָּשֵֽׁל 1 Solomon is using a figure of speech in these two phrases that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “will be free … you will keep going”
4:13 d7gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַחֲזֵ֣ק בַּמּוּסָ֣ר אַל־תֶּ֑רֶף 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person remembering **instruction** as if it were an object that the person could **grasp** and **not let go** of. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated **grasp** in [3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Keep on remembering instruction, do not forget it”
4:13 o3nx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בַּמּוּסָ֣ר 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
4:13 b1b6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes אַל־תֶּ֑רֶף 1 Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “keep holding on to it”
4:13 vymy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נִ֝צְּרֶ֗הָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **instruction** as if it were an object that someone should **guard**. He means that he wants his son to remember to do what he has taught him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar use of **guard** in [3:21](../03/21.md). Alternate translation: “remember to practice it”\n
4:13 ljf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הִ֥יא חַיֶּֽיךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **instruction** preserving a person’s **life** as if it were that person’s **life** itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it will preserve your life”
4:14 hyi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism בְּאֹ֣רַח רְ֭שָׁעִים אַל־תָּבֹ֑א וְאַל־תְּ֝אַשֵּׁ֗ר בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ רָעִֽים 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “On the path of wicked ones do not go, yes, do not advance on the way of evil ones”
4:14 gi8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּאֹ֣רַח & בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ 1 See how you translated the similar use of “paths” and “ways” in [3:6](../03/06.md).
4:15 cr8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns פְּרָעֵ֥הוּ & בּ֑וֹ & מֵעָלָ֣יו 1 In this verse, the pronoun **it** refers to “the way of evil ones” mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Avoid the way of evil ones … that way … from that evil way”
4:15 hi51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פְּרָעֵ֥הוּ אַל־תַּעֲבָר־בּ֑וֹ שְׂטֵ֖ה מֵעָלָ֣יו וַעֲבֽוֹר 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of behaving wickedly as if it were a path that people could **pass through**, **veer from**, and **pass on**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Avoid acting evilly, do not try it; completely avoid doing evil and do not even think about it”
4:16 w2ac rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows are reasons why someone should avoid doing **evil**, as stated in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Avoid acting wickedly because”\n
4:16 vx6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לֹ֣א יִֽ֭שְׁנוּ אִם־לֹ֣א יָרֵ֑עוּ וְֽנִגְזְלָ֥ה שְׁ֝נָתָ֗ם אִם־לֹ֥א יַכְשִֽׁילוּ 1 In this verse, the pronoun **they** refers to the wicked people mentioned in [4:14](../04/14.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the instruction and law from your parents are a garland of grace” or “wicked ones do not sleep if they do not do evil and the sleep of wicked ones is robbed if those wicked ones do not cause stumbling”
4:16 n1jz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole לֹ֣א יִֽ֭שְׁנוּ אִם־לֹ֣א יָרֵ֑עוּ וְֽנִגְזְלָ֥ה שְׁ֝נָתָ֗ם אִם־לֹ֥א יַכְשִֽׁילוּ 1 In these two clauses, Solomon exaggerates to express how intensely these wicked people desire to do evil actions. Solomon did not mean that these people really did not **sleep** without doing **evil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “they desire to do evil so much that it is as if they cannot sleep unless they have done evil”
4:16 md91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְֽנִגְזְלָ֥ה שְׁ֝נָתָ֗ם 1 Here, Solomon is speaking of not being able to **sleep** as if **sleep** were an object that someone could be **robbed** of. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they are not able to sleep”
4:16 bvp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אִם־לֹ֥א יַכְשִֽׁילוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of causing harm to another person as if it were causing that person to **stumble**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “if they do not harm someone”
4:17 ld87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows are more reasons why someone should avoid doing evil, as commanded in [4:15](../04/15.md). Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Avoid acting wickedly because”
4:17 w41y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לָ֭חֲמוּ & יִשְׁתּֽוּ 1 In this verse, the pronoun **they** refers to the wicked people mentioned in [4:14](../04/14.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “wicked ones eat … wicked ones drink”\n
4:17 vfi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לָ֭חֲמוּ לֶ֣חֶם רֶ֑שַׁע וְיֵ֖ין חֲמָסִ֣ים יִשְׁתּֽוּ 1 These two clauses could mean: (1) these wicked people do acts of **wickedness** and **violence** as regularly as they **eat bread** and **drink wine**. Alternate translation: “wickedness is like the bread that they eat and violence is like the wine that they drink” or (2) these wicked people do acts of **wickedness** and **violence** in order to get their **bread** and **wine**. Alternate translation: “they eat bread that they obtain by doing wicked things and they drink wine that they obtain through violent acts”
4:18 w7hu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְאֹ֣רַח צַ֭דִּיקִים 1 Here, **path** could refer to: (1) the things that people experience during their lives. Alternate translation: “But what the righteous ones experience” (2) how people behave, as it does in [1:15](../01/15.md). Alternate translation: “But the lifestyle of the righteous ones”
4:18 y8l4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כְּא֣וֹר נֹ֑גַהּ 1 Here, **the light of brightness** refers to the first sunlight that appears in the morning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is like the light of dawn” or “is like the first sunlight in the morning”
4:18 etf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּא֣וֹר נֹ֑גַהּ 1 Here, Solomon compares **the path of the righteous ones** to **the light** that appears at sunrise. He means that **righteous** people are safe because they understand what God wants them to do during their lives, just like people can walk safely on a path because **the light** enables them to see where they are going. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is safe”
4:18 jv88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וָ֝א֗וֹר עַד־נְכ֥וֹן הַיּֽוֹם 1 The phrase **the day is established** refers to the time of **day** when the sun shines the brightest. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “going and shining until the sun shines the brightest” or “going and shining brighter until full daylight”
4:18 i5k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וָ֝א֗וֹר עַד־נְכ֥וֹן הַיּֽוֹם 1 Here, Solomon continues the comparison of **the path of the righteous ones** to **the light** at sunrise. Just like the sunlight shines increasingly brighter from sunrise until the middle of the day, so also **the righteous ones** will be safer and safer as they understand more and more of how God wants them to live. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “increasing in safety until they are completely safe”
4:19 bqj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דֶּ֣רֶךְ 1 Here, **way** has the same meaning as “path” in the previous verse. See how you translated “path” there.
4:19 mj9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כָּֽאֲפֵלָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon compares the **way of the wicked ones** to **darkness**. He means that the wicked people are always in danger, just like people who walk in darkness are in danger because they cannot see where they are going. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is dangerous”
4:19 m9yh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֥א יָ֝דְע֗וּ בַּמֶּ֥ה יִכָּשֵֽׁלוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of people experiencing harm as if they were stumbling over an object in the path they were walking on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they do not know why they experience harm”
4:20 x1dn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism לִדְבָרַ֣י הַקְשִׁ֑יבָה לַ֝אֲמָרַ֗י הַט־אָזְנֶֽךָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “listen attentively to my words, yes, incline your ear to my sayings”
4:20 w8jd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִדְבָרַ֣י 1 See how you translated **my words** in [1:23](../01/23.md).
4:20 kji2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הַט־אָזְנֶֽךָ 1 The phrase **incline your ear** is an idiom that refers to listening carefully to what someone is saying as if the listener was turning his **ear** toward the person speaking. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “listen carefully”\n
4:21 zdv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַל־יַלִּ֥יזוּ מֵעֵינֶ֑יךָ 1 See how you translated this clause in [3:21](../03/21.md).
4:21 cb9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שָׁ֝מְרֵ֗ם בְּת֣וֹךְ לְבָבֶֽךָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
4:21 a189 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שָׁ֝מְרֵ֗ם בְּת֣וֹךְ לְבָבֶֽךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of remembering something as if someone were keeping it **in the midst of** his **heart**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “always remember them”
4:22 ihlw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הֵ֭ם לְמֹצְאֵיהֶ֑ם 1 In this verse, the pronouns **they** and **them** refer to the “sayings” mentioned in [4:20](../04/20.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “my sayings … to those who find my sayings”
4:22 jnu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חַיִּ֣ים הֵ֭ם לְמֹצְאֵיהֶ֑ם 1 Here, Solomon speaks of his sayings as if they were the lives of those who remember them. He means that those who remember what he says will preserve their lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they preserve the life of those who find them” or “they cause those who find them to keep living”
4:22 lby5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְמֹצְאֵיהֶ֑ם 1 Here, Solomon speaks of people remembering his sayings as if those people have found them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to those who remember them”
4:22 rxml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וּֽלְכָל־בְּשָׂר֥וֹ מַרְפֵּֽא 1 Here, Solomon uses the word **flesh** to refer to a person’s whole body, which is made of flesh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and healing to all of his body”\n
4:22 hqbe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּשָׂר֥וֹ 1 Although **his** is masculine, here it refers to anyone who remembers Solomon’s sayings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a person’s flesh”
4:22 d57y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּֽלְכָל־בְּשָׂר֥וֹ מַרְפֵּֽא 1 Here, Solomon speaks of his sayings as if they were **healing** for those who remember them. He means that those who remember what he says will have healthy bodies. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they preserve their health” or “and they cause their bodies to stay healthy”
4:23 tgel rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נְצֹ֣ר לִבֶּ֑ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person being careful of what he thinks in his **heart** as if his **heart** were an object that could be guarded. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Protect what you think in your heart”
4:23 pf19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִבֶּ֑ךָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
4:23 klv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מִֽכָּל־מִ֭שְׁמָר 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “more than all that you protect”
4:23 orad rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִֽכָּל־מִ֭שְׁמָר 1 This phrase is an idiom that means “with all diligence.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “with utmost diligence”\n
4:23 n8vd rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מִ֝מֶּ֗נּוּ 1 Here, **it** refers to the **heart**, which refers to a person’s mind. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from your heart” or “from your mind”
4:23 gmwo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ֝מֶּ֗נּוּ תּוֹצְא֥וֹת חַיִּֽים 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the influence that a person’s **heart** has over what happens in that person’s life as if the **heart** were **sources** that produce **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from your heart comes what will direct your life” or “your mind determines what your life will be like”
4:24 jv11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism הָסֵ֣ר מִ֭מְּךָ עִקְּשׁ֣וּת פֶּ֑ה וּלְז֥וּת שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם הַרְחֵ֥ק מִמֶּֽךָּ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Remove from you perversity of mouth, yes, the deviousness of lips put far away from you”\n
4:24 a2sw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הָסֵ֣ר מִ֭מְּךָ עִקְּשׁ֣וּת פֶּ֑ה וּלְז֥וּת שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם הַרְחֵ֥ק מִמֶּֽךָּ 1 The phrases **perversity of mouth** and **deviousness of lips** both refer to someone using his **mouth** or **lips** to speak deceitfully. If these phrases do not have that meaning in your language, you could use idioms from your language that do have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Remove from you perverse speech, and devious speech put far away from you”
4:24 tdwn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הָסֵ֣ר מִ֭מְּךָ עִקְּשׁ֣וּת פֶּ֑ה וּלְז֥וּת שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם הַרְחֵ֥ק מִמֶּֽךָּ 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of **perversity of mouth** and **the deviousness of lips** as if they were objects that someone could **Remove** or **put far away**. He means that a person should not speak deceitfully. If it would be helpful in your language you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not speak perversely, and do not speak deviously”
4:25 d1zl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism עֵ֭ינֶיךָ לְנֹ֣כַח יַבִּ֑יטוּ וְ֝עַפְעַפֶּ֗יךָ יַיְשִׁ֥רוּ נֶגְדֶּֽךָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Cause your eyes to gaze to the front, yes, cause your eyelids to be straight in front of you”
4:25 il8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche עֵ֭ינֶיךָ לְנֹ֣כַח יַבִּ֑יטוּ וְ֝עַפְעַפֶּ֗יךָ יַיְשִׁ֥רוּ נֶגְדֶּֽךָ 1 In this verse, **eyes** and **eyelids** represent the person who is looking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Cause yourself to gaze to the front, and cause yourself to look straight in front of you”
4:25 wkv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֵ֭ינֶיךָ לְנֹ֣כַח יַבִּ֑יטוּ וְ֝עַפְעַפֶּ֗יךָ יַיְשִׁ֥רוּ נֶגְדֶּֽךָ 1 In these two clauses, Solomon speaks of committing oneself to behaving wisely and righteously as if those qualities were always **in front** of the person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Keep yourself focused on doing what is right, and keep looking ahead to what is good”
4:26 mnhf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פַּ֭לֵּס 1 Here, Solomon speaks of being careful as if someone were making the ground in front of them flat. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Be careful with” or “Take heed to”
4:26 nt2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מַעְגַּ֣ל רַגְלֶ֑ךָ 1 Here the word **foot** represents the whole person who is walking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your track”
4:26 g2a2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַעְגַּ֣ל רַגְלֶ֑ךָ 1 Here, **track** refers to how someone behaves. See how you translated the same use of **track** in [2:9](../02/09.md).
4:26 uxsk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְֽכָל 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the command stated in the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do this, then all” or “This will result in all”\n
4:26 xyn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דְּרָכֶ֥יךָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **ways** in [3:6](../03/06.md).
4:26 gbd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִכֹּֽנוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of person’s life being successful as if that person were walking safely on solid ground. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be successful”
4:27 h89u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism אַֽל־תֵּט־יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹ֑אול 1 Here, Solomon uses **right** and **left** to refer to going in any direction other than straight ahead. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not go in any direction other than straight ahead”
4:27 vmyt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor אַֽל־תֵּט־יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹ֑אול הָסֵ֖ר רַגְלְךָ֣ מֵרָֽע 1 In this verse, Solomon continues to make an extended comparison between how a person behaves and a person walking on a path that he should not **veer** or **turn away from**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not stop behaving rightly, make yourself avoid doing evil”
4:27 j3tn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche רַגְלְךָ֣ 1 See how you translated the same use of **foot** in the previous verse.
4:27 jh5o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מֵרָֽע 1 See how you translated **from evil** in [3:7](../03/07.md).
5:intro jxf1 0 # Proverbs 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n * Avoid temptation to commit adultery (5:1–23)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men.\n\n### Adulteress\n\nThis chapter repeatedly warns young men to avoid any adulterous woman, who is called “strange” and “foreign.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Euphemism\n\nIn [5:15–20](../05/15.md), Solomon uses several euphemisms to refer to sexual activity between a man and his wife or an adulterous woman. Although the UST expresses the meaning of these euphemisms plainly, only do so if sexual language would not be offensive in your culture. It is usually best to use a euphemism from your own language that means the same thing.
5:1 lh1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism לְחָכְמָתִ֣י הַקְשִׁ֑יבָה לִ֝תְבוּנָתִ֗י הַט־אָזְנֶֽךָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “listen attentively to my wisdom, yes, incline your ear to my understanding”\n
5:1 vi27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְחָכְמָתִ֣י & לִ֝תְבוּנָתִ֗י 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
5:1 t72r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְחָכְמָתִ֣י & לִ֝תְבוּנָתִ֗י 1 Here, **my wisdom** and **my understanding** refer to the wise lessons that Solomon teaches his **son** and what he tells his **son** to understand. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to my wise lessons … to what I tell you to understand”
5:1 nl9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הַט־אָזְנֶֽךָ 1 See how you translated this idiom in [4:20](../04/20.md).
5:2 ntln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִשְׁמֹ֥ר מְזִמּ֑וֹת וְ֝דַ֗עַת & יִנְצֹֽרוּ 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of **discretion** as if it were an object that someone should **keep**, and **knowledge** as if it were an object that someone’s **lips** should **guard**. He means that he wants his son to preserve or remember what he has taught him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in order to preserve discretion, and your lips may preserve knowledge”
5:2 cei4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מְזִמּ֑וֹת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **discretion** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
5:2 la7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ֝דַ֗עַת שְׂפָתֶ֥יךָ יִנְצֹֽרוּ 1 Here, **lips** represents the person who speaks by moving the **lips**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you may guard knowledge by what you say”
5:2 uilu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֝דַ֗עַת 1 Here, **knowledge** refers to what the son has learned from his father. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and … what you have learned”\n
5:3 fyuw rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is a reason why someone should obey the commands introduced in [5:1](../05/01.md). Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do what I say because”\n
5:3 zxr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שִׂפְתֵ֣י זָרָ֑ה & חִכָּֽהּ 1 Here, **lips** and **palate** represent the words that the **strange woman** speaks. If it would be helpful in your language, you cold express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what a strange woman says … is what she says”
5:3 dvhv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זָרָ֑ה 1 See how you translated **strange woman** in [2:16](../02/16.md).
5:3 z9rm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy נֹ֣פֶת תִּ֭טֹּפְנָה & וְחָלָ֖ק מִשֶּׁ֣מֶן 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the tempting words that the **strange woman** speaks is as if what she says is like **fresh honey** and **oil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “are delightful like fresh honey and more pleasant than oil”
5:4 p23o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְֽ֭אַחֲרִיתָהּ 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the **aftermath** of having a sexual relationship with an adulterous woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the aftermath of having a sexual relationship with her”
5:4 m3sn rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כַֽלַּעֲנָ֑ה 1 The word **wormwood** refers to a plant that tastes bitter. People made medicine out of it, but they also believed that it was poisonous. If your readers would not be familiar with this plant, you could use the name of a bitter-tasting plant in your area, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “like a bitter-tasting plant”\n
5:4 pd3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile מָרָ֣ה כַֽלַּעֲנָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon compares the harm that comes from having a relationship with an adulterous woman to tasting bitter **wormwood**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “is harmful like bitter-tasting wormwood”
5:4 j9aa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis חַ֝דָּ֗ה כְּחֶ֣רֶב פִּיּֽוֹת 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “her aftermath is sharp like a sword with mouths”
5:4 fcsc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חַ֝דָּ֗ה כְּחֶ֣רֶב פִּיּֽוֹת 1 The phrase **sword of mouths** refers to a **sword** with a blade that is sharp on both sides. Each side can cut a person like a mouth that bites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “sharp like a sword with a blade that is sharp on both sides”
5:4 jy84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חַ֝דָּ֗ה כְּחֶ֣רֶב פִּיּֽוֹת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the pain that the adulteress will cause to the one who has a relationship with her as if it were a **sharp** **sword** that cuts the person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it wounds a person, as if it were a sharp sword of mouths”
5:5 uyhc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism רַ֭גְלֶיהָ יֹרְד֣וֹת מָ֑וֶת שְׁ֝א֗וֹל צְעָדֶ֥יהָ יִתְמֹֽכוּ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Her feet are going down to death; yes, her steps take hold of Sheol”
5:5 kc88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רַ֭גְלֶיהָ יֹרְד֣וֹת מָ֑וֶת שְׁ֝א֗וֹל צְעָדֶ֥יהָ יִתְמֹֽכוּ 1 The phrases **her feet** and **her steps** could refer to: (1) the behavior of the adulterous woman as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “Her lifestyle goes down to death; her way of living takes hold of Sheol” (2) the adulterous woman. Alternate translation: “She goes down to death; she takes hold of Sheol”
5:5 u7m0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֹרְד֣וֹת מָ֑וֶת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the behavior of the adulterous woman causer her death and the death of whoever commits adultery with her as if they were going on a path that leads**down to death**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “result in death” or “cause them to die”
5:5 g7qf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification שְׁ֝א֗וֹל & יִתְמֹֽכוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the behavior of the adulterous woman causing her death and the death of whoever commits adultery with her as if they were taking **hold of Sheol**, which is the place where people’s spirits go when they die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “result in death” or “cause them to die”
5:6 yot0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֹ֣רַח חַ֭יִּים פֶּן־תְּפַלֵּ֑ס 1 **Lest** here implies that the adulterous woman has an aversion to **the path of life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “She refuses to observe the path of life”
5:6 nxc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֹ֣רַח חַ֭יִּים פֶּן־תְּפַלֵּ֑ס 1 Here, Solomon speaks of behavior that results in living a long **life** as if it were a **path** that leads to **life** and can be observed. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Lest she cares about behavior that leads to life”\n
5:6 iki3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַ֝עְגְּלֹתֶ֗יהָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **tracks** in [2:15](../02/15.md).
5:7 dwp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וְעַתָּ֣ה 1 **And now** here indicates a transition from the description of the adulterous woman in [5:3–6](../05/03.md) to the call to pay attention that follows. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a transition. Alternate translation: “Next”
5:7 ry9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וְעַתָּ֣ה בָ֭נִים שִׁמְעוּ־לִ֑י וְאַל־תָּ֝ס֗וּרוּ מֵאִמְרֵי־פִֽי 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “And now, sons, listen to me; yes, do not turn aside from the sayings of my mouth”\n
5:7 lt5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָ֭נִים 1 Throughout chapters 1–9, Solomon alternates between using the plural **sons** and singular “son.” Many scholars think that Solomon does this in order to indicate that he is not only instructing one of his **sons**, but all of his readers as well. See how you translated **sons** in [4:1](../04/01.md).\n
5:7 e4q8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְאַל־תָּ֝ס֗וּרוּ מֵאִמְרֵי־פִֽי 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone not listening to someone else as if the person physically turned **away** from what he was saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not stop listening to the sayings of my mouth”
5:7 zb82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes וְאַל־תָּ֝ס֗וּרוּ מֵאִמְרֵי־פִֽי 1 Here, Solomon uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “and listen to the sayings of my mouth”\n
5:7 ih1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מֵאִמְרֵי־פִֽי 1 See how you translated **the sayings of my mouth** in [4:5](../04/05.md).
5:8 y32e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַרְחֵ֣ק מֵעָלֶ֣יהָ דַרְכֶּ֑ךָ 1 Here, **way** represents the person and their daily activities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Keep yourself far away from her”
5:8 rv57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מֵעָלֶ֣יהָ & בֵּיתָֽהּ 1 In this verse, **her** refers to the adulterous woman described in [5:3–6](../05/03.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from an adulteress … the house of an adulteress”\n
5:8 jw5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go וְאַל־תִּ֝קְרַ֗ב 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “and do not go near”
5:9 pl7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases פֶּן 1 **Lest** here indicates that what follows in this verse is what would happen to people if they do not obey the commands in the previous verse. Use a natural form in your language for connecting this statement to the previous one. Alternate translation: “If you do this, then”
5:9 b54w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִּתֵּ֣ן לַאֲחֵרִ֣ים הוֹדֶ֑ךָ 1 Here, **splendor** could refer to: (1) everything that a person achieves during the time in a person’s life when he is the strongest, which would be the same meaning as **your years** in the next clause. Alternate translation: “you give to others your vigor” or “you give to others your achievements from your vigorous time of life” (2) a person’s reputation, in which case this clause would refer to a person getting a bad reputation. Alternate translation: “you will lose your good reputation with others”
5:9 bc5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ֝שְׁנֹתֶ֗יךָ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and lest you give your years”
5:9 bqa1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ֝שְׁנֹתֶ֗יךָ 1 Here, **your years** could refer to: (1) everything that a person achieves during the time in a person’s life when he is his healthiest and strongest. Alternate translation: “and all you have achieved in the best years of your life” (2) the **years** that a person is alive, meaning that **a cruel one** would kill this person. Alternate translation: “and your life”
5:9 dtlx rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns לְאַכְזָרִֽי 1 Here, **a cruel one** could refer to: (1) one person, possibly the husband of the adulterous woman. Alternate translation: “a cruel person” or “a cruel man” (2) a group of **cruel** people who are called **others** in the previous clause. Alternate translation: “to cruel people”
5:10 j1mn rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases פֶּֽן 1 **Lest** here indicates that what follows in this verse is what would happen to people if they do not obey the commands in [5:8](../05/08.md). Use a natural form in your language for connecting this statement to the previous one. Alternate translation: “If you do this, then”
5:10 d9br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִשְׂבְּע֣וּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language, as in the UST.
5:10 nxjm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כֹּחֶ֑ךָ 1 Here, **your strength** refers to everything that a person achieves during the time in a person’s life when he has the most **strength**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with what you achieved when you were strong”
5:10 iftp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַ֝עֲצָבֶ֗יךָ 1 Here, **your toils** refers to everything that a person earns by working hard. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and what you gain from toiling”
5:10 ksf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּבֵ֣ית נָכְרִֽי 1 Here, **house** could refer to: (1) the **house** where the **foreigner** keeps the things he takes from this person, as in the UST. (2) the people who live in **the house of a foreigner**. Alternate translation: “be with the household or a foreigner”
5:10 auzu rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns נָכְרִֽי 1 Here, **a foreigner** could refer to: (1) one person, possibly the adulterous woman or her husband. Alternate translation: “a foreign person” (2) a group of **foreign** people who are called **strangers** in the previous clause. Alternate translation: “to foreign people”
5:11 i4yh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism בְאַחֲרִיתֶ֑ךָ בִּכְל֥וֹת בְּ֝שָׂרְךָ֗ וּשְׁאֵרֶֽךָ 1 Here, Solomon is referring to dying in a polite way by using the word **end** and the phrase **your body and your flesh are finished**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to death in your language, or you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at the time of your death, when your flesh and your body die”
5:11 la5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet בְּ֝שָׂרְךָ֗ וּשְׁאֵרֶֽךָ 1 The words **flesh** and **body** mean basically the same thing and represent the whole person. Solomon is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “you yourself”
5:12 x4di rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism שָׂנֵ֣אתִי מוּסָ֑ר וְ֝תוֹכַ֗חַת נָאַ֥ץ לִבִּֽי 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “I hated correction, yes, my heart despised rebuke”\n
5:12 m4gr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations אֵ֭יךְ שָׂנֵ֣אתִי מוּסָ֑ר 1 “How” here is an exclamation that emphasizes how much he **hated correction**. Use an exclamation that would communicate that meaning in your language. Alternate translation: “I hated correction so very much”
5:12 pm48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מוּסָ֑ר וְ֝תוֹכַ֗חַת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **correction** and **rebuke** in [3:11](../03/11.md).
5:12 b7lf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִבִּֽי 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
5:13 t507 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וְֽלֹא־שָׁ֭מַעְתִּי בְּק֣וֹל מוֹרָ֑י וְ֝לִֽמְלַמְּדַ֗י לֹא־הִטִּ֥יתִי אָזְנִֽי 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “And I did not listen to the voice of my teachers, yes, to my instructors I did not incline my ear”
5:13 n7o7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְֽלֹא־שָׁ֭מַעְתִּי בְּק֣וֹל 1 The phrase **listen to the voice of** is an idiom that refers to obeying someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And I did not obey the instructions of”
5:13 kvf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לֹא־הִטִּ֥יתִי אָזְנִֽי 1 See how you translated this idiom in [4:20](../04/20.md).
5:14 kne6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְכָל־רָ֑ע 1 Here, the adulterous man speaks of experiencing complete disgrace as if **all evil** were a location he was **in**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “experiencing total disgrace”
5:14 he4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet בְּת֖וֹךְ קָהָ֣ל וְעֵדָֽה 1 The terms **assembly** and **congregation** mean the same thing and refer to the man’s community. The man is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “in the midst of the entire assembly”
5:15 f76j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism שְׁתֵה־מַ֥יִם מִבּוֹרֶ֑ךָ וְ֝נֹזְלִ֗ים מִתּ֥וֹךְ בְּאֵרֶֽךָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Drink water from your cistern, yes, drink flowing waters from the midst of your well”
5:15 w3lx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis שְׁתֵה־מַ֥יִם מִבּוֹרֶ֑ךָ וְ֝נֹזְלִ֗ים מִתּ֥וֹךְ בְּאֵרֶֽךָ 1 Solomon is leaving out a word in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Drink water from your cistern and drink flowing waters from the midst of your well”
5:15 t8av rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism שְׁתֵה־מַ֥יִם מִבּוֹרֶ֑ךָ וְ֝נֹזְלִ֗ים מִתּ֥וֹךְ בְּאֵרֶֽךָ 1 In both of these clauses, Solomon is referring to a man satisfying his sexual desire with his own wife in a polite way. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more normal polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Sleep with your wife only and only satisfy yourself with her” or “Satisfy your sexual desire only with your wife, yes, satisfy your sexual desire only with her”
5:16 pe1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion יָפ֣וּצוּ מַעְיְנֹתֶ֣יךָ ח֑וּצָה בָּ֝רְחֹב֗וֹת פַּלְגֵי־מָֽיִם 1 Solomon is using the question form to emphasize that a man should not commit adultery. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Your springs should not overflow outside, channels of water in the open areas!”
5:16 vww6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis יָפ֣וּצוּ מַעְיְנֹתֶ֣יךָ ח֑וּצָה בָּ֝רְחֹב֗וֹת פַּלְגֵי־מָֽיִם 1 Solomon is leaving out some words in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. You may need to make a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Should your springs overflow outside? Should your channels of water overflow in the open areas?”
5:16 u3ua rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism יָפ֣וּצוּ מַעְיְנֹתֶ֣יךָ ח֑וּצָה בָּ֝רְחֹב֗וֹת פַּלְגֵי־מָֽיִם 1 In both clauses, Solomon is using a polite way to refer to a man having sex with women who are not his wife as if he were allowing his **springs** or **water** to flow in public places. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could express the meaning plainly. See the discussion of euphemisms in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “Should you sleep with other women, sleeping with them openly”
5:16 ss2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ח֑וּצָה & בָּ֝רְחֹב֗וֹת 1 Here, **outside** and **open areas** refer to public places where there are many people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “out into public streets … in public places”
5:17 f7ge rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִֽהְיוּ 1 Here, **them** refers to the “springs” and “channels of water” mentioned in the previous verse, which are euphemisms for sexual activity. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. See how you translated those euphemisms in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “Let your sexual desires be”
5:17 s9wf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet לְךָ֥ לְבַדֶּ֑ךָ 1 The phrases **for you** and **for you alone** mean the same thing. Solomon is using the two phrases together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “for only you alone”
5:18 eyoy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יְהִֽי־מְקוֹרְךָ֥ בָר֑וּךְ 1 This clause is a command like the command to **be glad** in the next clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Be blessed by your fountain”
5:18 xd81 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְהִֽי־מְקוֹרְךָ֥ בָר֑וּךְ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of his son’s wife as if she were a **fountain** by which his son should be **blessed**. Here the word **blessed** refers to experiencing joy or sexual pleasure. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “May you experience joy with your wife”
5:18 tz7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵאֵ֥שֶׁת נְעוּרֶֽךָ 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the **wife** whom his son married while he was in his **youth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from the wife whom you married in your youth”\n
5:18 fcek rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns נְעוּרֶֽךָ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **youth** in [2:17](../02/17.md).
5:19 n93j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַיֶּ֥לֶת אֲהָבִ֗ים וְֽיַעֲלַ֫ת־חֵ֥ן 1 Here, Solomon speaks of how beautiful the “wife of your youth” is as if she were a **doe of loves and a mountain goat of grace**. The Israelites considered these two animals to be symbols of physical beauty and graceful movements. If it would be helpful in your language or it would not be appropriate in your language to compare a woman to an animal, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “She is as beautiful as a doe of loves and as graceful as a goat of grace”
5:19 dv45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אַיֶּ֥לֶת אֲהָבִ֗ים 1 Here, Solomon uses the possessive form to describe a **doe** that is characterized by **loves**. The word **loves** is plural here for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate this with a different expression. Alternate translation: “A very lovely doe”
5:19 krq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְֽיַעֲלַ֫ת־חֵ֥ן 1 Here, Solomon uses the possessive form to describe a **mountain goat** that is characterized by **grace**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate this with a different expression. Alternate translation: “a graceful mountain goat”
5:19 x1vq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּ֭דֶּיהָ יְרַוֻּ֣ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a wife’s **breasts** satisfying her husband’s sexual desires as they would satisfy the thirst of a hungry baby. Here, **drench** refers to giving a baby a satisfying amount of milk. If it would be helpful in your language or if it would be offensive in your language to refer to **breasts**, then you could use a more general expression. Alternate translation: “may her breasts fill you with delight as a mother’s breasts fill her child with food” or “may she satisfy your sexual desires”
5:19 pb8m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִּשְׁגֶּ֥ה תָמִֽיד 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the exhilarating delight of the love that a man should have for his wife as if he were staggering like an intoxicated person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “may you continually revel”
5:20 d78f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְלָ֤מָּה תִשְׁגֶּ֣ה בְנִ֣י בְזָרָ֑ה וּ֝תְחַבֵּ֗ק חֵ֣ק נָכְרִיָּֽה 1 Solomon is using the question form to emphasize the a man should not commit adultery. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “And you should not stagger, my son, with a strange woman, or embrace the bosom of a foreign woman!”
5:20 zuu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְלָ֤מָּה תִשְׁגֶּ֣ה בְנִ֣י בְזָרָ֑ה וּ֝תְחַבֵּ֗ק חֵ֣ק נָכְרִיָּֽה 1 Solomon is leaving out some words in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And why would you stagger, my son, with a strange woman, or why would you embrace the bosom of a foreign woman”
5:20 z71k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִשְׁגֶּ֣ה 1 See how you translated the same use of **stagger** in the previous verse.
5:20 x9gw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְזָרָ֑ה & נָכְרִיָּֽה 1 See how you translated **strange woman** and **foreign woman** in [2:16](../02/16.md).
5:21 bsb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here introduces the reason for obeying the commands stated in [5:15–20](../05/15.md). Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “Do not commit adultery because”\n
5:21 jh86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism נֹ֨כַח ׀ עֵינֵ֣י יְ֭הוָה דַּרְכֵי־אִ֑ישׁ וְֽכָל־מַעְגְּלֹתָ֥יו מְפַלֵּֽס 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “in front of the eyes of Yahweh are the ways of a man, yes, all of his paths he observes”\n
5:21 mpi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נֹ֨כַח ׀ עֵינֵ֣י יְ֭הוָה & מְפַלֵּֽס 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **Yahweh** knowing what people do as if everything people do is **in front of** his **eyes** or is what **he observes**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is fully aware of … he is fully aware of”
5:21 p1ar rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּרְכֵי & מַעְגְּלֹתָ֥יו 1 See how you translated the same use of **ways** and **paths** in [3:6](../03/06.md).
5:21 y1w0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִ֑ישׁ &מַעְגְּלֹתָ֥יו 1 Although the terms **man** and **his** are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “a person … that person’s paths”
5:22 agzw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עַֽווֹנוֹתָ֗יו יִלְכְּדֻנ֥וֹ אֶת־הָרָשָׁ֑ע וּבְחַבְלֵ֥י חַ֝טָּאת֗וֹ יִתָּמֵֽךְ 1 **His** in this verse refers to **the wicked one** mentioned in the first clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The iniquities of the wicked one capture him; and by the cords of the wicked one’s sin he is grasped”
5:22 yljv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations עַֽווֹנוֹתָ֗יו יִלְכְּדֻנ֥וֹ אֶת־הָרָשָׁ֑ע וּבְחַבְלֵ֥י חַ֝טָּאת֗וֹ יִתָּמֵֽךְ 1 Although the terms **His**, **him**, and **he** are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “The wicked person’s iniquities capture that person; and by the cords of that person’s sins that person is grasped”
5:22 u9ya rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification עַֽווֹנוֹתָ֗יו יִלְכְּדֻנ֥וֹ & וּבְחַבְלֵ֥י חַ֝טָּאת֗וֹ יִתָּמֵֽךְ 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his **iniquities** and **sin** as if those **iniquities** and **sin** were people who could **capture** or grasp that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He will not escape being punished for his iniquities … and he is trapped because of the cords of his sin”
5:22 fmn8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עַֽווֹנוֹתָ֗יו & חַ֝טָּאת֗וֹ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **iniquities** and **sin**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “The iniquitous things he does … the sinful things he does”
5:22 ziey rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּבְחַבְלֵ֥י חַ֝טָּאת֗וֹ יִתָּמֵֽךְ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the cords of his sin grasp him”
5:22 he5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּבְחַבְלֵ֥י חַ֝טָּאת֗וֹ 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the cords** that are **sin**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “and by the cords, that is, his sin,”
5:23 w7f9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ה֗וּא & וּבְרֹ֖ב אִוַּלְתּ֣וֹ יִשְׁגֶּֽה 1 Although the terms **He** and **his** are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “That person … and in the abundance of that person’s folly that person staggers”
5:23 x16k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּאֵ֣ין מוּסָ֑ר וּבְרֹ֖ב אִוַּלְתּ֣וֹ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **correction**, **abundance**, and **folly**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “because he is not corrected; and in how abundantly foolish he is”
5:23 n1a7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִשְׁגֶּֽה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person behaving in a sinful manner that will cause him to die as if he were staggering like an intoxicated person who gets lost. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he loses his way” or “he behaves recklessly”\n
6:intro xq95 0 # Proverbs 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n * Avoid temptation to commit adultery (5:1–23)\n * Practical warnings (6:1–19)\n * Adultery will be punished (6:20–35)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men.\n\n### Adulterous women\n\nThis chapter repeatedly warns young men to avoid any adulterous woman, who is called “strange” and “foreign.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nIn [6:9](../06/09.md), [27](../06/27.md), [28](../06/28.md), the author uses rhetorical questions to emphasize the importance of what he is saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Animals used as examples\n\nIn this chapter, the gazelle, bird, and ant have certain characteristics which the author uses to teach about wisdom. If your language does not recognize those animals as being wise, you could add a footnote to explain or possibly substitute other animals from your culture that would help explain the same concept.
6:1 rs3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical אִם 1 Here, **if** indicates that Solomon is using a hypothetical situation to teach his **son**. This verse and the next verse are one long conditional sentence. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “suppose”
6:1 sb1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אִם־עָרַ֣בְתָּ לְרֵעֶ֑ךָ 1 Here, Solomon implies that the **pledge** is a promise to pay back a loan of money for **your neighbor** if he is unable to pay back the loan himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “if you promise to pay back the loan for your neighbor when he is unable to pay it”
6:1 z256 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis תָּקַ֖עְתָּ לַזָּ֣ר כַּפֶּֽיךָ 1 Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply the word from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “if you clasp your palms for a stranger”\n
6:1 p3wd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom תָּקַ֖עְתָּ & כַּפֶּֽיךָ 1 The function of this action in this culture was to confirm a contractual agreement with someone. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation, or you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you shake hands to confirm an agreement” or “you confirm an agreement”
6:2 aw5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism נוֹקַ֥שְׁתָּ בְאִמְרֵי־פִ֑יךָ נִ֝לְכַּ֗דְתָּ בְּאִמְרֵי־פִֽיךָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “you are ensnared by the sayings of your mouth, yes, you are caught by the sayings of your mouth”
6:2 amo2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis נוֹקַ֥שְׁתָּ בְאִמְרֵי־פִ֑יךָ נִ֝לְכַּ֗דְתָּ בְּאִמְרֵי־פִֽיךָ 1 In both of these clauses, Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply the word from the first clause of the previous verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “if you are ensnared by the sayings of your mouth, if you are caught by the sayings of your mouth”
6:2 eoxs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נוֹקַ֥שְׁתָּ בְאִמְרֵי־פִ֑יךָ נִ֝לְכַּ֗דְתָּ בְּאִמְרֵי־פִֽיךָ 1 If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active forms or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the sayings of your mouth ensnared you, the sayings of your mouth caught you”
6:2 p9iu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נוֹקַ֥שְׁתָּ בְאִמְרֵי־פִ֑יךָ נִ֝לְכַּ֗דְתָּ בְּאִמְרֵי־פִֽיךָ 1 In these clauses, Solomon refers to someone getting into trouble because of what he said as if his **sayings** were a trap that could ensnare or catch him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “if you get into trouble by the sayings of your mouth, if you encounter difficulty by the sayings of your mouth”
6:2 qta7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בְאִמְרֵי־פִ֑יךָ & בְּאִמְרֵי־פִֽיךָ 1 Here, **mouth** represents the **ensnared** or **caught** person himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by your sayings … by your sayings”\n
6:3 d6yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result עֲשֵׂ֨ה זֹ֥את אֵפ֪וֹא 1 Here, **then** indicates that what follows is what someone should do if the hypothetical conditions stated in the previous two verses take place. Use the most natural way to express this in your language. Alternate translation: “then do this in response”
6:3 f6je rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal וְֽהִנָּצֵ֗ל 1 Here, **and** indicates that what follows is the purpose for doing what Solomon commands his son to do in this verse. Use a connector in your language that indicates a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of rescuing yourself”
6:3 s2sb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְֽהִנָּצֵ֗ל 1 Here, Solomon implies that his **son** should **rescue** himself from his obligation to fulfill the promise referred to in [6:1–2](../06/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and rescue yourself from your obligation”
6:3 zn5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בָ֤אתָ בְכַף־רֵעֶ֑ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of his **son** being controlled by his **neighbor** as if he had **come into the palm** of his **neighbor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your neighbor has power over you”
6:3 mzx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּרְהַ֥ב 1 Here, Solomon speaks of his **son** begging his **neighbor** as if he were pressing him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and plead with”
6:3 bc7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּרְהַ֥ב רֵעֶֽיךָ 1 Here, Solomon implies that his **son** should **press** his **neighbor** to free him from his obligation to fulfill the promise referred to in [6:1–2](../06/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and press your neighbor to release you from your obligation”
6:4 ul9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אַל־תִּתֵּ֣ן שֵׁנָ֣ה לְעֵינֶ֑יךָ וּ֝תְנוּמָ֗ה לְעַפְעַפֶּֽיךָ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not give sleep to your eyes and do not give slumber to your eyelids”
6:4 be5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אַל־תִּתֵּ֣ן שֵׁנָ֣ה לְעֵינֶ֑יךָ וּ֝תְנוּמָ֗ה לְעַפְעַפֶּֽיךָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Do not give sleep to your eyes, yes, do not give slumber to your eyelids”
6:4 t2dt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַל־תִּתֵּ֣ן שֵׁנָ֣ה לְעֵינֶ֑יךָ וּ֝תְנוּמָ֗ה לְעַפְעַפֶּֽיךָ 1 Here Solomon is speaking of allowing oneself to **sleep** and **slumber** as if they were objects that one could **give** to oneself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not let your eyes sleep or your eyelids slumber”
6:4 q1t2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַל־תִּתֵּ֣ן שֵׁנָ֣ה 1 Solomon implies that this person should not allow himself to **sleep** until he goes to his neighbor to get out of the agreement. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Until you rescue yourself from this problem, do not give sleep”
6:4 n831 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לְעֵינֶ֑יךָ & לְעַפְעַפֶּֽיךָ 1 Here, Solomon is using **eyes** and **eyelids** to refer to one’s whole body. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to yourself … to yourself”
6:5 j8za rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis הִ֭נָּצֵל כִּצְבִ֣י מִיָּ֑ד וּ֝כְצִפּ֗וֹר מִיַּ֥ד יָקֽוּשׁ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Rescue yourself like a gazelle would rescue itself from a hand, and rescue yourself like a bird would rescue itself from the hand of the trapper”
6:5 xjb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism הִ֭נָּצֵל כִּצְבִ֣י מִיָּ֑ד וּ֝כְצִפּ֗וֹר מִיַּ֥ד יָקֽוּשׁ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Rescue yourself like a gazelle from a hand, yes, rescue yourself like a bird from the hand of the trapper”
6:5 lcv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כִּצְבִ֣י & וּ֝כְצִפּ֗וֹר 1 Solomon is saying that the person should act like a **gazelle** and a **bird** because both of those animals are wise enough to flee from hunters quickly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “quickly, like a gazelle … and quickly, like a bird”
6:5 r5ir rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כִּצְבִ֣י 1 A **gazelle** is a land animal that is known for running quickly and gracefully. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of animal, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “like an animal that runs quickly”
6:6 il7a לֵֽךְ־אֶל־נְמָלָ֥ה 1 **Go** here implies going for the purpose of looking at **the ant**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Go and observe the ant”
6:6 nd7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נְמָלָ֥ה 1 The word **ant** represents ants in general, not one particular **ant**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “ants”
6:6 xh1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown נְמָלָ֥ה 1 An **ant** is a small insect that lives underground in large groups. Ants are known for diligently working together to collect food and maintain their nests. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of insect, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the hard-working insect”
6:6 vpy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit רְאֵ֖ה 1 **See** here means to observe for the purpose of learning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “See and learn”
6:6 uze2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דְרָכֶ֣יהָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **ways** in [3:6](../03/06.md).
6:6 vmwn rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal וַחֲכָֽם 1 Here, **and** indicates that what follows is the purpose for doing what Solomon commands his son to do in this verse. Use a connector in your language that makes indicates a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of becoming wise”
6:7 tmb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet קָצִ֗ין שֹׁטֵ֥ר וּמֹשֵֽׁל 1 These three words mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasize that no one commands ants to work diligently. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “any ruler whatsoever”
6:8 d2rl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast תָּכִ֣ין 1 The idea in this verse is contrary to what one would expect after knowing the information in the previous verse. Indicate this contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but prepares”
6:8 w9jc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism תָּכִ֣ין בַּקַּ֣יִץ לַחְמָ֑הּ אָגְרָ֥ה בַ֝קָּצִ֗יר מַאֲכָלָֽהּ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “prepares its bread in the summer; yes, it gathers its food in the harvest”
6:8 r349 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תָּכִ֣ין & אָגְרָ֥ה 1 Here, **prepares** and **gathers** refer to collecting and storing food for winter, the time when food is scarce. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “acquires … it stockpiles”
6:8 ifjh rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לַחְמָ֑הּ אָגְרָ֥ה & מַאֲכָלָֽהּ 1 In this verse, **its** refers to “the ant” mentioned in [6:7](../06/07.md), which is a collective word for ants in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the ant’s bread … the ant gathers its food” or “the ants’ bread … the ants gather their food”
6:8 c8we rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּקַּ֣יִץ & בַ֝קָּצִ֗יר 1 In the place where this book was written, **summer** is the time of year when people **harvest** crops. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the time for harvesting crops … in the harvesting time”
6:9 r6u4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion עַד־מָתַ֖י עָצֵ֥ל ׀ תִּשְׁכָּ֑ב מָ֝תַ֗י תָּק֥וּם מִשְּׁנָתֶֽךָ 1 Solomon is using the question form twice in this verse for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should stop lying down! You should rise from your sleep!”
6:9 woeb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תִּשְׁכָּ֑ב 1 The phrase **lie down** implies that the person has been lying on a bed to sleep. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will you sleep in your bed”
6:9 qdlj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תָּק֥וּם מִשְּׁנָתֶֽךָ 1 Here, Solomon refers to waking up as if a person were rising up from **sleep**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will you wake up”
6:10 q6ab rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks מְעַ֣ט שֵׁ֭נוֹת מְעַ֣ט תְּנוּמ֑וֹת מְעַ֓ט ׀ חִבֻּ֖ק יָדַ֣יִם לִשְׁכָּֽב 1 This verse is a quotation of what the “lazy one” might say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate this with quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation.
6:10 kye3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מְעַ֣ט שֵׁ֭נוֹת מְעַ֣ט תְּנוּמ֑וֹת 1 The lazy person is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Let me have a little more sleep; let me have a little more slumber”
6:10 f9h7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet מְעַ֣ט שֵׁ֭נוֹת מְעַ֣ט תְּנוּמ֑וֹת 1 These two phrases mean the same thing. The lazy person is using them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Just a little more sleep”
6:10 c54p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מְעַ֓ט ׀ חִבֻּ֖ק יָדַ֣יִם לִשְׁכָּֽב 1 This phrase refers to an action that people often do in order to rest more comfortably when they **lie down** to sleep. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a little folding of the hands comfortably to lie down and sleep”
6:11 fcrn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּבָֽא־כִמְהַלֵּ֥ךְ רֵאשֶׁ֑ךָ וּ֝מַחְסֹֽרְךָ֗ כְּאִ֣ישׁ מָגֵֽן 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and your poverty will come like one who walks and your need will come like a man of shield”
6:11 vvx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וּבָֽא־כִמְהַלֵּ֥ךְ רֵאשֶׁ֑ךָ וּ֝מַחְסֹֽרְךָ֗ כְּאִ֣ישׁ מָגֵֽן 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “and your poverty will come like one who walks, yes, your need will come like a man of shield”
6:11 qm7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וּבָֽא & רֵאשֶׁ֑ךָ 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of what the lazy person does and says in the two previous verses. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. Alternate translation: “and all this will cause your poverty to come”\n
6:11 msvl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רֵאשֶׁ֑ךָ וּ֝מַחְסֹֽרְךָ֗ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **poverty** and **need**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “you being poor … and you being needy”
6:11 lkuz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וּבָֽא & רֵאשֶׁ֑ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of experiencing **poverty** as if it were a person who could **come** to someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you will experience poverty”
6:11 i2rb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כִמְהַלֵּ֥ךְ 1 Here, the phrase **one who walks** refers to a robber. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “like a robber”
6:11 zz4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כִמְהַלֵּ֥ךְ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of how suddenly a lazy person becomes poor as if **poverty** were a robber who unexpectedly steals everything the person owns. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “abruptly”
6:11 ajxy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כְּאִ֣ישׁ 1 Here, the phrase **a man of shield** refers to a robber with weapons. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “like a robber with weapons” or “like an armed man”
6:11 r7za rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּאִ֣ישׁ מָגֵֽן 1 Here, Solomon speaks of how suddenly a lazy person becomes needy as if **need** were a robber with weapons who steals everything the person owns. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “abruptly”
6:12 sk3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet אָדָ֣ם בְּ֭לִיַּעַל אִ֣ישׁ אָ֑וֶן 1 The phrases **man of worthlessness** and **man of iniquity** mean the same thing. Solomon is using them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “A completely useless man”
6:12 dfsx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אָדָ֣ם בְּ֭לִיַּעַל אִ֣ישׁ אָ֑וֶן 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** that is characterized by **worthless** and **iniquity**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A worthless man, an iniquitous man”
6:12 wtik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אָדָ֣ם & אִ֣ישׁ 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “A person of … a person of”
6:12 q9ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ה֝וֹלֵ֗ךְ 1 See how you translated the similar use of “walking” in [2:7](../02/07.md).
6:12 fxq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עִקְּשׁ֥וּת פֶּֽה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [4:24](../04/24.md).
6:13 dcgf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis קֹרֵ֣ץ בְּ֭עֵינָו מֹלֵ֣ל בְּרַגְלָ֑ו מֹ֝רֶ֗ה בְּאֶצְבְּעֹתָֽיו 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous verse if it would be clearer in your language. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “He is one who winks with his eye, one who rubs with his foot, and one who points with his fingers”
6:13 ghua rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations קֹרֵ֣ץ בְּ֭עֵינָו מֹלֵ֣ל בְּרַגְלָ֑ו מֹ֝רֶ֗ה בְּאֶצְבְּעֹתָֽיו 1 Although the term **his** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “one who winks with one’s eye, one who rubs with one’s foot, one who points with one’s fingers”
6:13 b2zu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction קֹרֵ֣ץ בְּ֭עֵינָו מֹלֵ֣ל בְּרַגְלָ֑ו מֹ֝רֶ֗ה בְּאֶצְבְּעֹתָֽיו 1 These three clauses refer to actions that someone uses when deceiving people. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of these actions in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “one who winks with his eye, rubs with his foot, and points with his fingers to deceive people”
6:14 oqcy rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous תַּֽהְפֻּכ֨וֹת ׀ בְּלִבּ֗וֹ חֹרֵ֣שׁ רָ֣ע בְּכָל־עֵ֑ת 1 These two clauses are describing two situations that are occurring at the same time. You can make this clear in your translation with an appropriate connecting word or phrase. Alternate translation: “Perverse things are in his heart while he plots evil on every occasion”
6:14 za5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּלִבּ֗וֹ & יְשַׁלֵּֽחַ 1 Although the terms **his** and **he** are masculine, Solomon is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “are in that person’s heart … that person sends forth”
6:14 bbx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּלִבּ֗וֹ 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
6:14 zud5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָ֣ע 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
6:14 lq43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מדנים יְשַׁלֵּֽחַ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **quarrels** as if they were objects that a person **sends forth**. He means that this person causes other people to quarrel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he causes people to quarrel”
6:15 q038 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אֵיד֑וֹ & יִ֝שָּׁבֵ֗ר 1 Although the terms **his** and **he** are masculine, Solomon is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person’s calamity … that person will be broken”
6:15 csdg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֵיד֑וֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **calamity** in [1:26](../01/26.md).
6:15 fz64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יָב֣וֹא 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **calamity** occurring as if it were a person who could **come** to someone else. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will occur”
6:15 j5gd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִ֝שָּׁבֵ֗ר 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his calamity will break him”
6:15 qzeh וְאֵ֣ין מַרְפֵּֽא 1 Alternate translation: “and he will not heal”
6:16 it1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism שֶׁשׁ־הֵ֭נָּה שָׂנֵ֣א יְהוָ֑ה וְ֝שֶׁ֗בַע תועבות נַפְשֽׁוֹ 1 To make a comprehensive statement, Solomon is using a rhetorical device in which the speaker names a number that should be sufficient to illustrate his point and then increases that number by one for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh absolutely hates these seven things, and they are abominations to his self”
6:16 akh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj שֶׁשׁ & וְ֝שֶׁ֗בַע 1 Solomon is using the adjectives **Six** and **seven** as nouns to mean **six** and **seven** things. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “Six things … and seven things”
6:16 zqfk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תועבות 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **abominations**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “are abominable to”
6:16 f9x2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy נַפְשֽׁוֹ 1 Here, **self** refers to **Yahweh** himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “him”
6:17 zib9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עֵינַ֣יִם רָ֭מוֹת 1 Here, Solomon refers to pride as **uplifted eyes**, which is a characteristic facial expression of proud people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “pride”
6:17 c99k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לְשׁ֣וֹן שָׁ֑קֶר 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **tongue** that is characterized by **falsehood**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a false tongue”
6:17 kpi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְשׁ֣וֹן שָׁ֑קֶר 1 Here, **tongue** represents what a person says. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “speech of falsehood”
6:17 cip3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ֝יָדַ֗יִם 1 Here, **hands** refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and people”
6:17 vy22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שֹׁפְכ֥וֹת דָּם־נָקִֽי 1 See how you translated a similar phrase in [1:16](../01/16.md).
6:18 jq4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֵ֗ב & רַגְלַ֥יִם 1 Here, **heart** and **feet** refer to a whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people … people”
6:18 ex5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מַחְשְׁב֣וֹת אָ֑וֶן 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **plans** that are characterized by **iniquity**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “iniquitous plans”
6:18 jmu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אָ֑וֶן & לָֽרָעָה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **iniquity** in [6:12](../06/12.md) and **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
6:18 l6zj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מְ֝מַהֲר֗וֹת לָר֥וּץ לָֽרָעָה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of being eager to do **evil** as if **evil** were a place that a person could **run to**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “eager to do evil”
6:19 d68t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עֵ֣ד שָׁ֑קֶר 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **witness** that is characterized by **falsehood**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a false witness”
6:19 g2tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יָפִ֣יחַ כְּ֭זָבִים 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone who lies easily as if that person **breathes out lies**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “easily lies”
6:19 avm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּמְשַׁלֵּ֥חַ מְ֝דָנִ֗ים 1 See how you translated **sends forth quarrels** in [6:14](../06/14.md).
6:19 k9xh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אַחִֽים 1 Although the term **brothers** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “family members”
6:20 rk2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism נְצֹ֣ר בְּ֭נִי מִצְוַ֣ת אָבִ֑יךָ וְאַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ תּוֹרַ֥ת אִמֶּֽךָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Guard, my son, the commandment of your father, yes, do not forsake the law of your mother”\n
6:20 tplj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נְצֹ֣ר 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a **commandment** as if it were an object that someone should **Guard**. He means that he wants his son to remember to do what he has commanded him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar use of guard in [3:21](../03/21.md). Alternate translation: “Remember to practice”\n
6:20 u11d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes וְאַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ תּוֹרַ֥ת אִמֶּֽךָ 1 See how you translated this clause in [1:8](../01/08.md).
6:21 y710 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism קָשְׁרֵ֣ם עַל־לִבְּךָ֣ תָמִ֑יד עָ֝נְדֵ֗ם עַל־גַּרְגְּרֹתֶֽךָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Bind them on your heart continually; yes, tie them around your neck”
6:21 qz2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor קָשְׁרֵ֣ם עַל־לִבְּךָ֣ 1 Here Solomon is speaking of remembering his commands as if they were objects that people could **bind** on their **hearts**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Remember them”
6:21 b76k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עָ֝נְדֵ֗ם עַל־גַּרְגְּרֹתֶֽךָ 1 Here, Solomon is speaking of remembering his commands as if they were objects that people could **tie around** their **necks**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “remember them”
6:22 r61q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בְּהִתְהַלֶּכְךָ֨ ׀ תַּנְחֶ֬ה אֹתָ֗ךְ בְּֽ֭שָׁכְבְּךָ תִּשְׁמֹ֣ר עָלֶ֑יךָ וַ֝הֲקִיצ֗וֹתָ הִ֣יא תְשִׂיחֶֽךָ 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of the lessons he called “the command” and “the teaching” in [6:20](../06/20.md) as if they were a person who could **guide**, **preserve**, and **converse with** a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use similes. Alternate translation: “When you walk about, it will enable you to know what to do; when you lie down, it will enable you to be safe; and you will wake up, it will be advice for you” or “When you walk about, it will be like a guide for you; when you lie down, it will be like someone who preserves you; and you will wake up, it will be like someone who converses with you”
6:22 bvpr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּהִתְהַלֶּכְךָ֨ 1 Here, **walk about** refers to doing one’s daily activities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “When you do your daily activities”
6:22 krtg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּֽ֭שָׁכְבְּךָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **lie down** in [3:24](../03/24.md).
6:23 d41x rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is because”
6:23 u5p1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism נֵ֣ר מִ֭צְוָה וְת֣וֹרָה א֑וֹר 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “the commandment is a lamp, yes, the law is a light”
6:23 itt0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ֭צְוָה וְת֣וֹרָה 1 Here, **the commandment** and **the law** could refer to: (1) the commands of the father and mother, which are referred to in the previous two verses. Alternate translation: “my commandments … and your mother’s law” (2) good commandments and laws in general. Alternate translation: “what people command … and the rules people make”
6:23 p2mx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִ֭צְוָה 1 Solomon is speaking of commandments in general, not of one particular **commandment**. If it would be helpful in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “the commandments”\n
6:23 lk32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִ֭צְוָה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun “commandments” in [2:1](../02/01.md).
6:23 s8lq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נֵ֣ר & א֑וֹר 1 Here, Solomon refers to the **commandment** and **law** enabling people to understand how to live as if they were a **lamp** and a **light** that shows people the path in front of them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “enables one to understand … enables one to perceive”
6:23 bjz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns וְת֣וֹרָה 1 See how you translated this use of **law** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
6:23 llas rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תּוֹכְח֥וֹת מוּסָֽר 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns “rebuke” in [1:25](../01/25.md) and **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
6:23 n5j2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession תּוֹכְח֥וֹת מוּסָֽר 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **rebukes** that are included in **instruction**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the rebukes that come from instruction”
6:23 wxd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְדֶ֥רֶךְ חַ֝יִּ֗ים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the way** that results in **life**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “and … the way that results in life”
6:23 ywhm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְדֶ֥רֶךְ 1 Here, Solomon uses **way** to refer to how people behave. See how you translated this use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
6:24 p7az rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לִ֭שְׁמָרְךָ 1 Here, **to** indicates that what follows is the purpose for the “commandments,” “law,” and “rebukes of instruction” referred to in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes indicates a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of keeping you”\n
6:24 sjp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵאֵ֣שֶׁת רָ֑ע 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **woman** who is characterized by **evil**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “from an evil woman”
6:24 sw14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מֵֽ֝חֶלְקַ֗ת לָשׁ֥וֹן 1 Here, Solomon refers to the seductive speech of an adulterous woman as if it were **the smoothness of the tongue**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the seductive speech of”
6:24 ae9n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נָכְרִיָּֽה 1 See how you translated the same use of **foreign woman** in [2:16](../02/16.md).
6:25 ty32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns יָ֭פְיָהּ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **beauty**, you could express the same idea in another way, as in the UST.
6:25 rx3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).\n
6:25 m7d2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְאַל־תִּ֝קָּֽחֲךָ֗ 1 Here, Solomon refers to a woman seducing a man as if she could **take** him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and do not let her tempt you”
6:25 f4km rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּעַפְעַפֶּֽיהָ 1 This phrase refers to a woman using her **eyelashes** to look more attractive and seduce a man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly or use an expression that has the same meaning in your language. Alternate translation: “by glancing seductively”
6:26 o5j1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do not do those things because”\n
6:26 xrol rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְעַד־אִשָּׁ֥ה זוֹנָ֗ה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to refer to **the price** that a person pays to have sex with **a prostitute woman**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly or use a euphemism for this idea. Alternate translation: “the price to sleep with a prostitute woman”
6:26 p3jv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כִּכַּ֫ר לָ֥חֶם 1 In this culture, **a loaf of bread** was inexpensive daily food. A **loaf of bread** is a lump of flour dough that a person has shaped and baked. If your readers would not be familiar with **bread** should could use the name of an inexpensive food that is commonly eaten in your country or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “inexpensive food”
6:26 iizq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֵ֥שֶׁת אִ֑ישׁ 1 Here, Solomon implies that this **wife of a man** is an adulterous woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but a married woman who commits adultery”
6:26 k5fu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נֶ֖פֶשׁ יְקָרָ֣ה תָצֽוּד 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a adulterous woman causing the man she commits adultery with to die as if she **hunts** him the way a hunter **hunts** an animal. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “kills a precious life”
6:27 gzh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲיַחְתֶּ֤ה אִ֓ישׁ אֵ֬שׁ בְּחֵיק֑וֹ וּ֝בְגָדָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִשָּׂרַֽפְנָה 1 Solomon is using the question form to emphasize the truth of what he is saying. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Surely a man could not carry a fire on his chest and his clothes not be burned!”
6:27-28 s1ud rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism הֲיַחְתֶּ֤ה אִ֓ישׁ אֵ֬שׁ בְּחֵיק֑וֹ וּ֝בְגָדָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִשָּׂרַֽפְנָה׃ & אִם־יְהַלֵּ֣ךְ אִ֭ישׁ עַל־הַגֶּחָלִ֑ים וְ֝רַגְלָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִכָּוֶֽינָה׃ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Could a man carry a fire on his chest and his clothes not be burned? Indeed, if a man walks on coals then will his feet not be scorched?”
6:27 f8ut rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo הֲיַחְתֶּ֤ה אִ֓ישׁ אֵ֬שׁ בְּחֵיק֑וֹ וּ֝בְגָדָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִשָּׂרַֽפְנָה 1 Here, Solomon is referring to the negative consequences of committing adultery as if a man were burning himself with **fire**. Since this comparison is explained in [6:29](../06/29.md), you do not need to explain its meaning further here.
6:27 t3xy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִ֓ישׁ & בְּחֵיק֑וֹ וּ֝בְגָדָ֗יו 1 Here, **a man** and **his** do not refer to a specific **man**. They refer to any person who does this thing. If it would be helpful in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “a person … on that person’s chest and that person’s clothes”
6:27 sew8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ֝בְגָדָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִשָּׂרַֽפְנָה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the fire not burn his clothes”
6:27 pt18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ֝בְגָדָ֗יו 1 Here, **clothes** refers to the person who is wearing those **clothes**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he” or “and that person”
6:28 r98z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אִם־יְהַלֵּ֣ךְ אִ֭ישׁ עַל־הַגֶּחָלִ֑ים וְ֝רַגְלָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִכָּוֶֽינָה 1 Solomon is using the question form to emphasize the truth of what he is saying. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Surely if a man walks on coals, then his feet will be scorched!”
6:28 tw8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo אִם־יְהַלֵּ֣ךְ אִ֭ישׁ עַל־הַגֶּחָלִ֑ים וְ֝רַגְלָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִכָּוֶֽינָה 1 Here, Solomon is referring to the negative consequences of committing adultery as if a man were burning himself with **coals**. Since this comparison is explained in [6:29](../06/29.md), you do not need to explain its meaning further here.
6:28 fy6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִ֭ישׁ & וְ֝רַגְלָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִכָּוֶֽינָה 1 Here, **a man** and **his** do not refer to a specific **man**. They refer to any person who does this thing. If it would be helpful in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “a person … then will that person’s feet not be scorched”
6:28 kf2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַגֶּחָלִ֑ים 1 Here, **coals** refers to small pieces of burning wood that are often used for cooking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “burning wood pieces”
6:29 xlmj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כֵּ֗ן 1 **So** here indicates that what follows explains the meaning of the statements made in the previous two verses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a fuller expression. Alternate translation: “In the same situation”
6:29 gh7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism הַ֭בָּא אֶל & הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּֽהּ 1 Here, **going to** and **touches** both refer to someone having sexual relations with another person. This is a polite way of referring to something that is offensive or embarrassing in some cultures. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different polite way of referring to this act or you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same use of “enter” in [2:19](../02/19.md). Alternate translation: “is the one who has sexual relations with … one who has sexual relations with her” or “is the one who sleeps with … one who sleeps with her”\n
6:29 vc2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹ֥א יִ֝נָּקֶ֗ה 1 Here, Solomon uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “will certainly be guilty”
6:29 cmmu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֹ֥א יִ֝נָּקֶ֗ה 1 Here, Solomon uses **not remain blameless** to refer to the outcome of not being **blameless**, which is being punished for being guilty. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will not avoid punishment” or “will not remain unpunished”\n
6:30 fwq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לֹא־יָב֣וּזוּ 1 **They** here refers to people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “People”
6:30 zfch rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לַ֭גַּנָּב & יִגְנ֑וֹב &נַ֝פְשׁ֗וֹ & יִרְעָֽב 1 Here, **the thief**, **he**, and **his** do not refer to a specific **thief**. These words refer to any person who steals. If it would be helpful in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “thieves … they steal … their appetites … they are hungry”
6:30 i4y9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis יִגְנ֑וֹב 1 Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply this word from the context, as in the UST.
6:30 kzru rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns נַ֝פְשׁ֗וֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **appetite**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “how hungry he is”
6:31 jnq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ֭נִמְצָא יְשַׁלֵּ֣ם & בֵּית֣וֹ יִתֵּֽן 1 Here, **he** and **his** refer to any person who steals, as indicated in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “But if someone is found … that person must repay … that person’s house that person must give”
6:31 ugyl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֭נִמְצָא 1 Here. **found** implies not only discovering the thief but also catching him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “But if he is caught”
6:31 n1t7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ֭נִמְצָא 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But if someone finds him” or “But if someone catches him”
6:31 scwc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יְשַׁלֵּ֣ם שִׁבְעָתָ֑יִם 1 This clause implies that the thief **must repay** seven times the amount of what he stole to those to whom he stole it from. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he must repay sevenfold the amount of things that he stole to those people he stole them from”
6:31 b9ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כָּל־ה֖וֹן בֵּית֣וֹ 1 This phrase is an idiom that refers to everything that someone owns. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all that he owns”
6:32 nu7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast נֹאֵ֣ף 1 This verse says something that is in contrast to what was said about the thief in the previous two verses. Use a natural way in your language to express a strong contrast. Alternate translation: “However, one who commits adultery”
6:32 s8mh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns נֹאֵ֣ף 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **adultery**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “One who acts adulterously”
6:32 zker rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חֲסַר־לֵ֑ב 1 Here, Solomon uses **heart** to refer to a person’s ability to think. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is lacking the ability to think”
6:32 jhbb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure מַֽשְׁחִ֥ית נַ֝פְשׁ֗וֹ ה֣וּא יַעֲשֶֽׂנָּה 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “he does what results in destroying his life”
6:32 a1pq rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result מַֽשְׁחִ֥ית נַ֝פְשׁ֗וֹ 1 This clause is the result of what is described in the next clause. Use a natural way in your language to indicate a result. Alternate translation: “what will result in destroying his life”
6:32 r8fx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ה֣וּא יַעֲשֶֽׂנָּה 1 Here, the pronoun **it** refers to **adultery**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he commits adultery”
6:33 mv0l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נֶֽגַע־וְקָל֥וֹן יִמְצָ֑א וְ֝חֶרְפָּת֗וֹ לֹ֣א תִמָּחֶֽה 1 Solomon implies that these things will happen to the adulterous man because he committed adultery. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Because he committed adultery, he will find a wound and disgrace and his shame will not be wiped out”
6:33 m2lu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נֶֽגַע־וְקָל֥וֹן יִמְצָ֑א 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the adulterous man receiving **a wound and disgrace** as if they were objects that a person would **find**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He will receive a wound and disgrace” or “He will become wounded and disgraced”
6:33 t4bo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְקָל֥וֹן & וְ֝חֶרְפָּת֗וֹ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **disgrace** and **shame**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “and be disgraced and how shameful he is”
6:33 xhjy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֣א תִמָּחֶֽה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will never wipe out”
6:33 c8nh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹ֣א תִמָּחֶֽה 1 Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “will always remain”
6:33 wuyt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֣א תִמָּחֶֽה 1 Here, Solomon refers to the adulterous man’s **shame** never ceasing as if **shame** were a stain that could **not be wiped** away. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will not cease”
6:34 lyk4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why what Solomon stated in in the previous verse is true. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is due to the fact that”\n
6:34 q8d2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns קִנְאָ֥ה & נָקָֽם 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **jealousy** and **vengeance**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “being jealous … being avenged”
6:34 w6nf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חֲמַת־גָּ֑בֶר 1 Here, **heat** refers to extreme anger, which causes the angry person’s body to become hot. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is the rage of a man”
6:34 htuv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit גָּ֑בֶר וְלֹֽא־יַ֝חְמ֗וֹל 1 Here, **man** and **he** refer to the husband who has just found out that his wife has committed adultery. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a husband of an adulterous woman, and that husband will not spare”
6:34 qsy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes וְלֹֽא־יַ֝חְמ֗וֹל 1 Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “and he will be merciless”\n
6:34 f6oy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְלֹֽא־יַ֝חְמ֗וֹל 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he will not spare the man who slept with his wife”
6:34 rc71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּי֣וֹם נָקָֽם 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the day** when **vengeance** occurs. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “when vengeance occurs”
6:35 b2ym rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לֹא־יִ֭שָּׂא & וְלֹֽא־יֹ֝אבֶ֗ה 1 In this verse, the pronoun **he** refers to the man who has just found out that his wife has committed adultery. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The husband of an adulterous wife will not life up … and that husband will not be willing”
6:35 fly2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לֹא־יִ֭שָּׂא פְּנֵ֣י 1 Here, the phrase **lift up the face of** is an idiom that means “regard.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He will not regard”
6:35 pc8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כֹּ֑פֶר & שֹֽׁחַד 1 Here, the words **ransom** and **bribe** refer to money that a man would give to the husband of the woman he has committed adultery with in order to avoid harm or stop the man from being angry. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “money offered to appease him … that money”
6:35 w09z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְלֹֽא־יֹ֝אבֶ֗ה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he will not be willing to be appeased” or “and he will not stop being angry”
7:intro pk5f 0 # Proverbs 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n * Avoid temptation to commit adultery (5:1–23)\n * Practical warnings (6:1–19)\n * Adultery will be punished (6:20–35)\n * The Story of an Adulterer (7:1–27)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men.\n\n### Adulterous women\n\nThis chapter continues the theme about adulterous women and warns young men to avoid any adulterous woman, who is called “strange” and “foreign.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### The historic present\n\nTo call attention to developments in the story, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in [7:8–13](../07/08.md) and [21–22](../07/21.md). If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense]])
7:1 at6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִּצְפֹּ֥ן 1 See how you translated the same use of **store up** in [2:1](../02/01.md).
7:1 e0if rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ֝מִצְוֺתַ֗י 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **commandments** in [2:1](../02/01.md).
7:2 a8m4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns שְׁמֹ֣ר מִצְוֺתַ֣י וֶחְיֵ֑ה 1 See how you translated the same clause in [4:4](../04/04.md).
7:2 mzcb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ֝תוֹרָתִ֗י כְּאִישׁ֥וֹן עֵינֶֽיךָ 1 Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply the word from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and keep my law as the pupil of your eyes”\n
7:2 sxxs rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns וְ֝תוֹרָתִ֗י 1 See how you translated **law** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
7:2 xfb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כְּאִישׁ֥וֹן עֵינֶֽיךָ 1 Here, Solomon refers to his **law** as if it were **the pupil of your eyes**. He means that people should value wise rules as much as they value their ability to see and protect their eyes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as your most valuable possession”
7:3 g5jv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor קָשְׁרֵ֥ם עַל־אֶצְבְּעֹתֶ֑יךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of always remembering something, as if what should be remembered were an object tied to the person’s fingers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Remember them at all times”
7:3 wszl rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns קָשְׁרֵ֥ם & כָּ֝תְבֵ֗ם 1 In this verse, **them** refers to “my commandments,” which are referred to in the previous two verses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Tie my commandments … write my commandments”
7:3 c4yy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כָּ֝תְבֵ֗ם עַל־ל֥וּחַ לִבֶּֽךָ 1 See how you translated this clause in [3:3](../03/03.md).
7:4 zi3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אֱמֹ֣ר לַֽ֭חָכְמָה אֲחֹ֣תִי אָ֑תְּ וּ֝מֹדָ֗ע לַבִּינָ֥ה תִקְרָֽא 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Say to wisdom, ‘You {are} my sister,’ yes, call to understanding, ‘Kinsman,’”
7:4 hv4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations אֱמֹ֣ר לַֽ֭חָכְמָה אֲחֹ֣תִי אָ֑תְּ וּ֝מֹדָ֗ע לַבִּינָ֥ה תִקְרָֽא 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could express these two clauses as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “Say to wisdom than she is your sister, and all to understanding that she is your kinsman”
7:4 b9wf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לַֽ֭חָכְמָה & לַבִּינָ֥ה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).\n
7:4 jn44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification אֱמֹ֣ר לַֽ֭חָכְמָה אֲחֹ֣תִי אָ֑תְּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **wisdom** as if it were a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Value wisdom as if it were a woman to whom you would say, ‘You are my sister,’”
7:4 z4x8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וּ֝מֹדָ֗ע לַבִּינָ֥ה תִקְרָֽא 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **understanding** as if it were a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and value understanding as if it were someone whom you would call, ‘Kinsman,’”
7:4 j17k וּ֝מֹדָ֗ע לַבִּינָ֥ה תִקְרָֽא 1 Although the term **Kinsman** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that could refer to any close relative. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “and call to understanding, ‘Family member,’”
7:5 xkl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מֵאִשָּׁ֣ה זָרָ֑ה 1 See how you translated **strange woman** in [2:16](../02/16.md).
7:5 y9gh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מִ֝נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “to keep you from the foreign woman”
7:5 s251 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ֝נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה אֲמָרֶ֥יהָ הֶחֱלִֽיקָה 1 See how you translated the same clause in [2:16](../02/16.md).
7:6 bs2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases כִּ֭י 1 **For** here introduces a story that Solomon tells in [7:6–23](../07/06.md) in order to warn his son against committing adultery. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a story. Alternate translation: “There was a time when”
7:6 qhy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּחַלּ֣וֹן בֵּיתִ֑י 1 Solomon implies that he was standing **at the window** while looking out of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in the UST.
7:6 orkg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּחַלּ֣וֹן בֵּיתִ֑י 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **window** that is in the side of his **house**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “at the window that is in the side of my house”
7:6 v7n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶשְׁנַבִּ֣י 1 A **lattice** consists of thin strips of wood that cross one another in a slanted pattern and are placed over a **window** to partially cover it. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of **window** covering, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the window screen” or “the covering on the window”
7:6 ad5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נִשְׁקָֽפְתִּי 1 Here, Solomon implies that he was standing at a location that was higher than the street outside. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I looked down at the street outside”
7:7 ie51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וָאֵ֤רֶא בַפְּתָאיִ֗ם 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the next clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And I saw a young man among the naive ones”
7:7 il3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בַבָּנִ֗ים 1 Here, **sons** refers to young men. It does not specifically refer to Solomon’s **sons**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “among the young men”
7:7 cwb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חֲסַר־לֵֽב 1 See how you translated this phrase in [6:32](../06/32.md).
7:8 i1kl rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns פִּנָּ֑הּ & בֵּיתָ֣הּ 1 In this verse, **her** refers to an adulterous woman, as referred to in [7:5](../07/05.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the corner of an adulterous woman … that woman’s house”
7:8 v7v4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit פִּנָּ֑הּ 1 Here, **corner** refers to the place where two roads intersect. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “her place at the intersection of two streets”
7:8 az9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְדֶ֖רֶךְ בֵּיתָ֣הּ יִצְעָֽד 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **way** that leads to **her house**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and he steps in the way that leads to her house”
7:8 ek8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense יִצְעָֽד 1 Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “he stepped in”
7:9 ttvd rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background בְּנֶֽשֶׁף־בְּעֶ֥רֶב י֑וֹם בְּאִישׁ֥וֹן לַ֝֗יְלָה וַאֲפֵלָֽה 1 Solomon provides this background information about the time period when the young man went to the adulterous woman’s house. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Now it was the time of the twilight breeze, in the evening of day, in the pupil of the night and darkness”
7:9 ho8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּנֶֽשֶׁף־בְּעֶ֥רֶב י֑וֹם בְּאִישׁ֥וֹן לַ֝֗יְלָה וַאֲפֵלָֽה 1 The phrases **twilight breeze** and **evening of day** refer to the time when **evening** begins, but **the pupil of the night and darkness** refers to the time later in the **night**. Together these phrases indicate it getting progressively darker as the young man goes to the adulterous woman’s house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the twilight breeze, in the evening of day, and even in the pupil of the night and darkness”
7:9 zn5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּאִישׁ֥וֹן לַ֝֗יְלָה 1 Here, the middle of **the night** is referred to as a **pupil** because the **pupil** is the darkest part of the eye. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the middle of the night”
7:10 g5f8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense וְהִנֵּ֣ה 1 Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “And behold, there is”
7:10 gfjz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְהִנֵּ֣ה 1 Here, **behold** is a term meant to focus the attention of the reader to what is about to happen next in the story. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use some emphatic term or expression in your language that would have this same effect. Alternate translation: “And pay attention to this: there was”\n
7:10 m3bj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לִקְרָאת֑וֹ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “who came out to meet him”
7:10 bu68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּנְצֻ֥רַת לֵֽב 1 The phrase **guarded of heart** is an idiom that refers to hiding one’s intentions or plans from other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use an idiom from your language. Alternate translation: “and she planned to deceive someone” or “and being wily of heart”
7:11-12 vkd8 1 In these two verses, Solomon provides background information about the adulterous woman. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information.
7:11 p460 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense הֹמִיָּ֣ה & לֹא־יִשְׁכְּנ֥וּ 1 Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “was a loud … did not stay”
7:11 es4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בְּ֝בֵיתָ֗הּ לֹא־יִשְׁכְּנ֥וּ רַגְלֶֽיהָ 1 Solomon is using one part of a person, the **feet**, to represent the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “she did not stay in her house”
7:12 akyj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure פַּ֤עַם ׀ בַּח֗וּץ פַּ֥עַם בָּרְחֹב֑וֹת וְאֵ֖צֶל כָּל־פִּנָּ֣ה תֶאֱרֹֽב 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “She lies in ambush at one time in the street, at another time in the open areas, and beside every corner”
7:12 uo9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בַּח֗וּץ 1 The word **street** represents streets in general, not one particular street. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “in the streets”
7:12 hiss rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit פִּנָּ֣ה 1 See how you translated **corner** in [7:8](../07/08.md).
7:12 dezc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense תֶאֱרֹֽב 1 Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “she lay in ambush”
7:12 h64f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תֶאֱרֹֽב 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the adulterous woman looking for a man to persuade to have sex with her as if she were preparing to attack someone by surprise. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “she waited to find someone she could persuade to have sex with”
7:13 l1ic rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential וְהֶחֱזִ֣יקָה 1 **Then** here indicates that what follows is the continuation of the narrative from [7:10](../07/10.md), which Solomon had interrupted with background information in [7:11–12](../07/11.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could show reference to earlier events by translating this relationship by using a fuller phrase. Alternate translation: “After she meets him, she grabs”\n
7:13 lfso rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense וְהֶחֱזִ֣יקָה & וְנָ֣שְׁקָה & הֵעֵ֥זָה & וַתֹּ֣אמַר 1 Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “And she grabbed … and kissed … she strengthened … and said”
7:13 vef7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הֵעֵ֥זָה פָ֝נֶ֗יהָ 1 Here, **strengthens her face** means that the woman had a facial expression that showed how shameless or impudent she was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar expression from your language or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “she had a brazen face” or “with a shameless expression on her face”
7:14 sa2m זִבְחֵ֣י שְׁלָמִ֣ים עָלָ֑י 1 The woman implies that she has meat to eat at her home because someone who made **peace offerings** was allowed to keep some of the meat that was offered to Yahweh in the temple (see [Leviticus 7:11–17](../lev/07/11.md) and [1 Samuel 9:11–13](../1sa/09/11.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I have leftover meat from the sacrifices of peace offerings I made to Yahweh in the temple”
7:14 ei2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ֝יּ֗וֹם שִׁלַּ֥מְתִּי נְדָרָֽי 1 Here, **vows** refers to the **sacrifices of peace offerings** that the woman promised to sacrifice to God. According to [Leviticus 7:16](../lev/07/16.md), the woman would have to eat the meat leftover from paying her **vows** by the end of the next day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I made the sacrifices I promised to give to God”
7:15 zhni rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לְשַׁחֵ֥ר 1 The woman is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “I came out to diligently seek”
7:15 fys2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche פָּ֝נֶ֗יךָ 1 Here, **face** refers to being in the presence of the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your presence” or “where you are”
7:16 k6lt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown עַרְשִׂ֑י 1 Here, **couch** refers to a platform that wealthy people would sit or lie on in order to rest or sleep. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of furniture, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “my place for resting”
7:16 bi4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַ֭רְבַדִּים & חֲ֝טֻב֗וֹת אֵט֥וּן מִצְרָֽיִם 1 Here, the woman describes the **coverings** as being **colored linen of Egypt**, which is expensive and luxurious fabric. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “with coverings, which are expensive colored linen of Egypt”
7:17 g7k4 נַ֥פְתִּי מִשְׁכָּבִ֑י 1 Alternate translation: “scattered on my bed”
7:17 ibk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מֹ֥ר אֲ֝הָלִ֗ים וְקִנָּמֽוֹן 1 This mixture of **myrrh**, **aloes**, and **cinnamon** consisted of pleasant-smelling substances that were mixed together and used like perfume. If your readers would not be familiar with these substances, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “with pleasant-smelling substances”\n
7:18 w7yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נִרְוֶ֣ה דֹ֭דִים 1 The word translated **drench** refers to giving a baby a satisfying amount of milk. Here, the woman speaks about satisfying one’s sexual desires as if one were satisfying the thirst of a hungry baby. If it would be helpful in your language, your could express the meaning plainly or use a more general expression. Alternate translation: “let us satisfy our sexual desires” or “let us satisfy ourselves with lusts as a mother’s breasts fill her child with food”\n
7:18 h91x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit דֹ֭דִים & בָּאֳהָבִֽים 1 The words **lusts** and **loves** are plural here for emphasis. In this verse, both words refer to passionate sexual activity. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “intense lust … with intense love”
7:19 ykvp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּ֤י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why the woman thinks that it is safe for the young man to come with her, as she told him in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “We can do this because”
7:19 vc42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָאִ֣ישׁ 1 Here, **the man** refers to the woman’s husband. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the man whom I married”
7:19 jib6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּבֵית֑וֹ 1 Here, the woman speaks of the **house** that she lives in with her husband as if it were **his house**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in our house”
7:19 lzod rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ מֵרָחֽוֹק 1 Here, **road** refers to a journey that would include traveling on a **road**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “on a journey to a far away place”
7:20 v65w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit צְֽרוֹר־הַ֭כֶּסֶף לָקַ֣ח בְּיָד֑וֹ 1 This clause implies that the woman’s husband will be gone for a long time because he took a lot of money with him when he left. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “He will be gone for a long time because he took the bag of the silver in his hand”
7:20 aop7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession צְֽרוֹר־הַ֭כֶּסֶף 1 Here, the woman is using the possessive form to describe a **bag** that is full of **silver**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the bag full of silver”
7:20 zw96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ֝כֵּ֗סֶא 1 The phrase **full moon** refers to the **moon** when it looks like a perfectly round disk in the sky, shining at its brightest. This occurs at the middle of each month. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the moon shining its brightest”
7:20 hel0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בֵיתֽוֹ 1 See how you translated this phrase in the previous verse.
7:21 rcm0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense הִ֭טַּתּוּ & תַּדִּיחֶֽנּוּ 1 Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “She led him astray … she compelled him”
7:21 ev91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הִ֭טַּתּוּ & לִקְחָ֑הּ & שְׂ֝פָתֶ֗יהָ תַּדִּיחֶֽנּוּ 1 **She** and **her** in this verse refer to the adulterous woman who was spoke in [7:14–20](../07/14.md) and **him** refers to the young man whom she is seducing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The adulterous woman led the young man astray … that woman’s teaching … that woman’s lips she compels that man”
7:21 ptg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הִ֭טַּתּוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the woman persuading the young man to do something as if she were causing him to change the direction in which he was walking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “She persuaded him”
7:21 lq2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּרֹ֣ב לִקְחָ֑הּ 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to refer to an abundant amount of **teaching**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “with her abundant amount of teaching”
7:21 l3nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּחֵ֥לֶק שְׂ֝פָתֶ֗יהָ 1 Here, Solomon refers to the seductive speech of the adulterous woman as if it were **the smoothness of her lips**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with her seductive speech”\n
7:21 c6k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תַּדִּיחֶֽנּוּ 1 Here, Solomon implies that the adulterous woman compelled the young man to commit adultery with her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “she compelled him to go with her” or “she compelled him to have sex with her”
7:22 sscq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis כְּ֭שׁוֹר אֶל־טָ֣בַח 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “like an ox that is going to slaughter”
7:22 rvi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּ֭שׁוֹר אֶל־טָ֣בַח יָב֑וֹא 1 Solomon compares the young man who does not know that he was going to die to **an ox** that was unknowingly going to be slaughtered. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he unknowingly goes to be killed”
7:22 qxqd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense יָב֑וֹא 1 Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “he went”
7:22 pk4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants וּ֝כְעֶ֗כֶס אֶל־מוּסַ֥ר אֱוִֽיל 1 The ULT is a translation of the Hebrew text for this clause. However, some ancient translations of this clause read “and like a deer to a trap.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
7:22 tal5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ֝כְעֶ֗כֶס אֶל־מוּסַ֥ר אֱוִֽיל 1 Here, Solomon compares the man not being able to escape his death as if he were a **fool** who could not escape **correction** because he had a **chain** around his **ankle**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the language plainly. Alternate translation: “and he will inevitably die”
7:22 qrn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מוּסַ֥ר 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **correction** in [3:11](../03/11.md).
7:23 t5u4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יְפַלַּ֪ח חֵ֡ץ כְּֽבֵד֗וֹ 1 Here, **liver** refers to an organ in one’s body that one needs in order to remain alive. Solomon means that the **arrow** will kill whomever it strikes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “an arrow pierces his vital organs” or “an arrow kills him”
7:23 r6zr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּמַהֵ֣ר צִפּ֣וֹר אֶל־פָּ֑ח 1 Solomon compares the young man who is quickly doing something that will kill him to **a bird rushing into a trap**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he quickly goes to be killed”
7:23 qgxo rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הֽוּא 1 The pronoun **it** here refers to committing adultery. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “committing adultery” or “having sex with a married woman”
7:23 zvp5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְנַפְשׁ֥וֹ הֽוּא 1 This phrase is an idiom that means that this person will die as a result of what he did. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an idiom with the same meaning from your language or you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it would cost him his life” or “it would kill him”
7:24 wen3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וְעַתָּ֣ה בָ֭נִים שִׁמְעוּ־לִ֑י 1 **And now** here indicates a transition from the story of the adulterous woman and young man in [7:6–23](../07/06.md) to the call to pay attention that follows. See how you translated the same clause in [5:7](../05/07.md).\n
7:24 mtq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases לְאִמְרֵי־פִֽי 1 See how you translated this phrase in [4:5](../04/05.md).
7:25 l3s9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אַל־יֵ֣שְׂטְ אֶל־דְּרָכֶ֣יהָ לִבֶּ֑ךָ אַל־תֵּ֝תַע בִּנְתִיבוֹתֶֽיהָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Do not let your heart turn aside to her ways; yes, do not wander into her tracks”\n
7:25 gk8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַל־יֵ֣שְׂטְ אֶל־דְּרָכֶ֣יהָ לִבֶּ֑ךָ אַל־תֵּ֝תַע בִּנְתִיבוֹתֶֽיהָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks behaving like an adulterous woman as if one were turning **aside** to go on **her ways** or wandering on **her tracks**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated **ways** in [3:6](../03/06.md) and **tracks** in [2:15](../02/15.md). Alternate translation: “Do not let your heart want to do the things that the adulterous woman does; do not do anything that she does”
7:25 wm1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִבֶּ֑ךָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
7:26 ncnb rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do not do those things because”\n
7:26 umha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הִפִּ֑ילָה & הֲרֻגֶֽיהָ 1 In this verse, **she** and **her** refer to any adulterous woman, not one specific adulterous wife. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “an adulterous woman has caused … to fall … ones slain by such a woman”
7:26 xx9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חֲלָלִ֣ים 1 Here, **pierced ones** refers to people who have been killed, since people were often killed by being **pierced** by spears or arrows. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “dead ones”
7:26 hewm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הִפִּ֑ילָה 1 Here, Solomon uses **fall** to refer to dying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “she has caused … to die”
7:26 xb2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הֲרֻגֶֽיהָ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the ones whom she has slain”
7:27 h6jn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בֵּיתָ֑הּ 1 See how you translated the same use of **Her house** in [2:18](../02/18.md).
7:27 cs4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit דַּרְכֵ֣י שְׁא֣וֹל 1 Although **ways** here is plural, it refers to the singular **house** at the beginning of this verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the singular form here. Alternate translation: “is the way of Sheol”
7:27 g21s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession דַּרְכֵ֣י שְׁא֣וֹל 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **ways** that result in someone going to **Sheol**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is the way that lead to Sheol” or “is the way that cause one to go to Sheol”
7:27 ayvy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּרְכֵ֣י 1 See how you translated **ways** in [3:6](../03/06.md).
7:27 ry42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֹ֝רְד֗וֹת אֶל־חַדְרֵי־מָֽוֶת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a man doing something that would result in his death as if he were going on a path that is **descending to the chambers of death**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “results in a man dying” or “causes a man to die”\n
7:27 fvmk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חַדְרֵי־מָֽוֶת 1 This phrase refers to the place where people’s spirits go when they die, which was called **Sheol** in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the place where the spirits of dead people dwell” or “the place of the dead”\n
8:intro z8jj 0 # Proverbs 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n * Avoid temptation to commit adultery (5:1–23)\n * Practical warnings (6:1–19)\n * Adultery will be punished (6:20–35)\n * The Story of an Adulterer (7:1–27)\n * Wisdom benefits the wise (8:1–36)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Wisdom calls out\n\nIn this chapter, wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman who calls out for all to learn from her and was with God when he created the universe. In languages where it is possible for something like wisdom to be spoken of as if it were a person who speaks, the translator should translate in this way. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate the personification as similes instead. In that case wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. When wisdom speaks in [8:4–36](../08/04.md), the notes will use the proper noun “Wisdom” to indicate that the personification of wisdom is speaking. See how you translated similar references to wisdom in [1:20–33](../01/20.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])\n
8:1 v9h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲלֹֽא־חָכְמָ֥ה תִקְרָ֑א וּ֝תְבוּנָ֗ה תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽהּ 1 Solomon is using the question form to emphasize that **wisdom** is available to everyone. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Surely wisdom calls out and understanding gives her voice!”\n
8:1 yywn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis הֲלֹֽא־חָכְמָ֥ה תִקְרָ֑א וּ֝תְבוּנָ֗ה תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽהּ 1 Solomon is leaving out some words in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply the word from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Does not wisdom call out, and does not understanding give her voice”\n
8:1 qsc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism הֲלֹֽא־חָכְמָ֥ה תִקְרָ֑א וּ֝תְבוּנָ֗ה תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽהּ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Does not wisdom call out, yes, does not understanding give her voice” or “Surely wisdom calls out, yes, surely understanding gives her voice!”\n
8:1 meo7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָ֥ה & וּ֝תְבוּנָ֗ה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
8:1 i9hu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תִקְרָ֑א & תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽהּ 1 In this verse, **wisdom** and **understanding** are spoken of as if they were women. See the discussion of such personification in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “call out as if it were a woman … give her voice as if it were a woman”
8:1 k4ug rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽהּ 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:20](../01/20.md).
8:2 co6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure בְּרֹאשׁ־מְרוֹמִ֥ים עֲלֵי־דָ֑רֶךְ בֵּ֖ית נְתִיב֣וֹת נִצָּֽבָה 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “She stations herself at the head of the heights beside the road, the house of the paths”
8:2 gpgq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּרֹאשׁ־מְרוֹמִ֥ים עֲלֵי־דָ֑רֶךְ בֵּ֖ית נְתִיב֣וֹת 1 The phrases **the head of the heights beside the road** and **the house of the paths** both refer to the same place, which is a place where there would be many people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “At the public place at the head of the heights beside the road, the house of the paths”
8:2 a8s0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּרֹאשׁ־מְרוֹמִ֥ים 1 The phrase **the head of the heights** refers to the top of a hill or elevated place. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “At the top of hill” or “At the highest place”
8:2 meix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בֵּ֖ית נְתִיב֣וֹת 1 This phrase refers to the place where roads intersect. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “where roads intersect” or “the crossroads”
8:2 qbmv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification נִצָּֽבָה 1 Here, **she** refers to wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “wisdom stations herself” or “wisdom stations itself as if it were a woman”
8:3 kbb0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure לְיַד־שְׁעָרִ֥ים לְפִי־קָ֑רֶת מְב֖וֹא פְתָחִ֣ים תָּרֹֽנָּה 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “She cries out at the hand of the gates, at the mouth of the city, the entrance of the openings”
8:3 knp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְיַד־שְׁעָרִ֥ים לְפִי־קָ֑רֶת מְב֖וֹא פְתָחִ֣ים 1 The phrases **the hand of the gates**, **the mouth of the city**, and **the entrance of the openings** all refer to the same place, which is inside the main gate of the city where there would be many people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “At the public place at the hand of the gates, at the mouth of the city, the entrance of the openings”
8:3 z73y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification לְיַד 1 Here, **hand** refers to the place beside **the gates**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “At the side of”
8:3 htxz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification לְפִי־קָ֑רֶת 1 Here, **mouth** refers to the entrance to **the city**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at the entrance of the city”
8:3 q3hb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun קָ֑רֶת 1 The word **city** represents cities in general, not one particular **city**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any city”
8:3 mwys rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מְב֖וֹא פְתָחִ֣ים 1 This phrase refers to the main **entrance** into the city, which had **gates**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the main entrance”
8:3 nkc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תָּרֹֽנָּה 1 Here, **she** refers to wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “wisdom cries out” or “wisdom cries out as if it were a woman”
8:4 f4h9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִישִׁ֣ים 1 Although **men** is masculine, here it refers to people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “people”\n
8:4 jxm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ֝קוֹלִ֗י 1 Here, **voice** refers to what wisdom is saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and what I am saying”
8:4 j5l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם 1 Although **sons** and **man** are masculine, this phrase refers to all human beings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “humankind”
8:5 er9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עָרְמָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **prudence** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
8:5 bg5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֵֽב 1 Here, **heart** refers to discernment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “discernment”
8:6 a3zk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּמִפְתַּ֥ח שְׂ֝פָתַ֗י 1 Here, **the opening of my lips** refers to what is said when Wisdom opens her **lips** to speak. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when I open my mouth to speak”
8:7 s9bj rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי 1 **For** here indicates that what follows in [8:7–9](../08/07.md) are additional reasons why people should listen to Wisdom, as commanded in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows are reasons. Alternate translation: “Listen because”\n
8:7 juy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche חִכִּ֑י & שְׂפָתַ֣י 1 Here, **palate** and **lips** refer to the person who is speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I … me”
8:7 f6mp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֱ֭מֶת & וְתוֹעֲבַ֖ת & רֶֽשַׁע 1 If your language does not use an abstract nouns for the ideas of **truth**, **wickedness**, and **abomination**, you could express the same ideas in another way. See how you translated **wickedness** in [4:17](../04/17.md) and **abomination** in [3:32](../03/32.md). Alternate translation: “true things, and wicked things are abominable to”
8:8 m1kf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אִמְרֵי 1 See how you translated the similar use of **words** in [1:23](../01/23.md).\n
8:8 am3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche פִ֑י 1 Here, **mouth** refers to the person who is speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “mine”
8:8 k4ps rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בְּצֶ֥דֶק 1 Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “are spoken in righteousness” or “are spoken righteously”
8:8 btx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נִפְתָּ֥ל וְעִקֵּֽשׁ 1 Here, Wisdom refers to something that is false as if it were **twisted**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “untrue”
8:8 jbcr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְעִקֵּֽשׁ 1 See how you translated the same use of **crooked** in [2:15](../02/15.md).
8:8 byoi rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בָּ֝הֶ֗ם 1 Here, **them** refers to **the words of my mouth** stated in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in those words” or “in what I say”
8:9 nn5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns כֻּלָּ֣ם 1 See how you translated **them** in the previous verse.
8:9 ga8o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וִֽ֝ישָׁרִ֗ים 1 Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and all of them are upright things”
8:9 jyh4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְמֹ֣צְאֵי דָֽעַת 1 Here, wisdom speaks of acquiring **knowledge** as if it were something that people find. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for people who acquire knowledge”
8:9 f1c2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns דָֽעַת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
8:10 w8ks rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis קְחֽוּ־מוּסָרִ֥י וְאַל־כָּ֑סֶף וְ֝דַ֗עַת מֵחָר֥וּץ נִבְחָֽר 1 Solomon is leaving out a word in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Take my instruction and not silver, and take knowledge more than choice gold”\n
8:10 siva rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism קְחֽוּ־מוּסָרִ֥י וְאַל־כָּ֑סֶף וְ֝דַ֗עַת מֵחָר֥וּץ נִבְחָֽר 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Take my instruction and not silver, yes, take knowledge more than choice gold”\n
8:10 y385 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor קְחֽוּ 1 Here, wisdom speaks of acquiring **instruction** and **knowledge** as if they were objects that a person can **Take**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Acquire”
8:10 z0vl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מוּסָרִ֥י & וְ֝דַ֗עַת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
8:10 ls6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאַל־כָּ֑סֶף 1 Here, **and not** means the same as **rather than** in the next clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “rather than silver”
8:10 v5jl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵחָר֥וּץ נִבְחָֽר 1 Here, **choice gold** refers to **gold** that is the best quality. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “more than the best gold”
8:11 wl6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person חָ֭כְמָה & בָֽהּ 1 Here, **wisdom**, personified as a woman, is speaking about herself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “I … with me”
8:11 ph7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִפְּנִינִ֑ים 1 See how you translated **corals** in [3:15](../03/15.md).
8:12 mj24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification שָׁכַ֣נְתִּי עָרְמָ֑ה 1 Here, wisdom speaks of being associated with **prudence** as if **prudence** were a person that **wisdom** dwells with. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “What is wise is associated with what is prudent” or “I dwell with prudence like two people live in the same house”
8:12 w6pq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָ֭כְמָה & עָרְמָ֑ה וְדַ֖עַת מְזִמּ֣וֹת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **Wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md), and **prudence**, **knowledge**, and **discretion** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
8:12 m5lo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְדַ֖עַת מְזִמּ֣וֹת 1 Here, Wisdom is using the possessive form to describe a **knowledge** that is about **discretion**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “and knowing discretion”
8:12 jk94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְדַ֖עַת מְזִמּ֣וֹת אֶמְצָֽא 1 Here, **Wisdom** speaks of enabling people to have **knowledge of discretion** as if they were objects that one could **find**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I enable you to acquire knowledge of discretion” or “What is wise enables you to acquire knowledge of discretion”
8:13 gp8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession יִֽרְאַ֣ת יְהוָה֮ 1 See how you translated the **fear of Yahweh** in [1:7](../01/07.md).
8:13 v5jj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָ֥ע גֵּ֘אָ֤ה וְגָא֨וֹן 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **evil**, **pride**, and **arrogance**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md). Alternate translation: “evil things … being proud and arrogant”
8:13 mixv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְדֶ֣רֶךְ רָ֭ע 1 See how you translated this use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
8:13 kjg4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּפִ֨י תַהְפֻּכ֬וֹת 1 Here, Wisdom is using the possessive form to describe a **mouth** that speaks **perverse things**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “and the mouth that speaks perverse things”
8:13 cnc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וּפִ֨י 1 Here, **mouth** represents the person speaking **perverse things**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the person who speaks”\n
8:14 guc9 עֵ֭צָה וְתוּשִׁיָּ֑ה & בִ֝ינָ֗ה & גְבוּרָֽה 1 See how you translated **Counsel** in [1:25](../01/25.md), **wisdom** and ** understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md), and **strength** in [5:10](../05/10.md).
8:14 sne9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִֽי־עֵ֭צָה וְתוּשִׁיָּ֑ה & לִ֣י גְבוּרָֽה 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of enabling people to have **Counsel**, **sound wisdom**, and **strength** as if they were objects that belong to Wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I enable you to acquire counsel and sound wisdom … I enable you to acquire strength” or “What is wise enables you to acquire counsel and sound wisdom … what is wise enables you to acquire strength”
8:15 dewa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ֝רוֹזְנִ֗ים יְחֹ֣קְקוּ צֶֽדֶק 1 Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and by me dignitaries decree righteousness” or “and by what is wise dignitaries decree righteousness”\n
8:15 sajw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns צֶֽדֶק 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **righteousness** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
8:16 yk59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ֝נְדִיבִ֗ים 1 Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and by me nobles rule” or “and by what is wise nobles rule”
8:16 qn4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish וּ֝נְדִיבִ֗ים כָּל־שֹׁ֥פְטֵי צֶֽדֶק 1 This phrase is making a distinction between **nobles** who are **judges of righteousness** and those who are not. It is not giving us further information the **nobles**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the relationship between these phrases more clear. Alternate translation: “and nobles, that is, all those nobles who are judges of righteousness”\n
8:16 hg7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שֹׁ֥פְטֵי צֶֽדֶק 1 Here, Wisdom is using the possessive form to describe **judges** that are characterized by **righteousness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “righteous judges”
8:17 e3jr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns אֲ֭נִי & אֵהָ֑ב 1 Wisdom uses the word **myself** to emphasize how significant it was that wisdom is like a woman who loves those who love her. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “Even I love”
8:17 kpvv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification אֲ֭נִי אֹהֲבַ֣י אֵהָ֑ב 1 Here, wisdom is depicted as if it were a person who can**love** and be loved by people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Wisdom benefits those who value it” or “It is as if wisdom were a woman who loves those who love her”
8:17 xz9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וּ֝מְשַׁחֲרַ֗י יִמְצָאֻֽנְנִי 1 Here, people trying to be wise and succeeding is described as if wisdom were a person who people can **seek** and **find**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and those who diligently try to become wise will become wise”
8:18 k7hf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֹֽשֶׁר־וְכָב֥וֹד אִתִּ֑י 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of enabling people to have **Riches**, **honor**, **surpassing wealth**, and **righteousness** as if they were objects that were **with** Wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I enable you to have riches, honor, surpassing wealth, and righteousness” or “What is wise enables you to have riches, honor, surpassing wealth, and righteousness”
8:18 a275 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ה֥וֹן עָ֝תֵ֗ק וּצְדָקָֽה 1 Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “surpassing wealth and righteousness are with me” or “surpassing wealth and righteousness are with what is wise”
8:18 q481 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְכָב֥וֹד & וּצְדָקָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **honor** in [3:16](../03/16.md) and **righteousness** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
8:19 eyc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ט֣וֹב פִּ֭רְיִי 1 Here, **fruit** refers to the benefits that a person receives from having wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “My benefits are better” or “The benefits I can give you are better”
8:19 hudk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet מֵחָר֣וּץ וּמִפָּ֑ז 1 The terms **gold** and **refined gold** mean similar things. Wisdom is using them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “than the finest gold”
8:19 rqy3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ֝תְבוּאָתִ֗י 1 Here, **produce** refers to the benefits that a person receives from having wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and my benefits” or “and the benefits I can give you”
8:19 dzjk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מִכֶּ֥סֶף נִבְחָֽר 1 Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “is better than choice silver”
8:19 i7wp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִכֶּ֥סֶף נִבְחָֽר 1 Here, **choice silver** refers to **silver** that is the best quality. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “than the best silver”
8:20 tks1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּאֹֽרַח־צְדָקָ֥ה אֲהַלֵּ֑ך 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of behaving righteously as if someone were walking on a **path**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I behave righteously”
8:20 wask rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּאֹֽרַח־צְדָקָ֥ה 1 Here, Wisdom is using the possessive form to describe **the path** that is characterized by **righteousness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the righteous path”
8:20 ax2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בְּ֝ת֗וֹךְ נְתִיב֥וֹת מִשְׁפָּֽט 1 Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “I walk in the midst of the beaten paths of justice”
8:20 rg74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession נְתִיב֥וֹת מִשְׁפָּֽט 1 Here, Wisdom is using the possessive form to describe **the beaten paths** that are characterized by **justice**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the just beaten paths”
8:21 kx1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְהַנְחִ֖יל אֹהֲבַ֥י 1 Here, **to** indicates that what follows is the purpose for what Wisdom does in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose. You may want to begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “I do that for the purpose of causing those who love me to inherit”\n
8:21 mg4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֹצְרֹ֖תֵיהֶ֣ם 1 The word **treasuries** refers to buildings or rooms where people store valuable things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and their buildings where they store precious things”
8:22 f91m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis יְֽהוָ֗ה קָ֭נָנִי רֵאשִׁ֣ית דַּרְכּ֑וֹ קֶ֖דֶם מִפְעָלָ֣יו מֵאָֽז 1 Wisdom is leaving out a word in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh possessed me at the beginning of his way, Yahweh possessed me before his works from then”\n
8:22 eias rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism יְֽהוָ֗ה קָ֭נָנִי רֵאשִׁ֣ית דַּרְכּ֑וֹ קֶ֖דֶם מִפְעָלָ֣יו מֵאָֽז 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Yahweh possessed me at the beginning of his way, yes, Yahweh possessed me before his works from then”\n
8:22 ucgn קָ֭נָנִי 1 Some scholars believe that the word translated as **possessed** could also mean “created.” Either way, the point is that **Yahweh** had wisdom before he created the universe. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
8:22 xu3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit דַּרְכּ֑וֹ & מִפְעָלָ֣יו 1 The phrases **his way** and **his works** both refer to Yahweh creating the universe. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “his creating … his creative works”
8:22 g6hj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵאָֽז 1 Here, **then** refers to **the beginning** mentioned in the previous clause, which refers to when **Yahweh** started creating the universe. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from the beginning”
8:23 hkmu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure מֵ֭עוֹלָם נִסַּ֥כְתִּי מֵרֹ֗אשׁ מִקַּדְמֵי־אָֽרֶץ 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “I was poured out from eternity, from the head, from the ancient times of the earth”\n
8:23 mh2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵ֭עוֹלָם 1 Here, **eternity** refers to the distant past. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Very long ago”
8:23 swag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נִסַּ֥כְתִּי 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh poured me out”
8:23 vhov rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נִסַּ֥כְתִּי 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of being established as if it were a liquid that was **poured out**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I was established”
8:23 v4tq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מֵרֹ֗אשׁ 1 Here, **head** refers to the first in a series of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at the first”
8:23 mth7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִקַּדְמֵי־אָֽרֶץ 1 The phrase **the ancient times of the earth** refers to the time when the earth was made. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from when God created the earth”
8:24 oijk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure בְּאֵין־תְּהֹמ֥וֹת חוֹלָ֑לְתִּי בְּאֵ֥ין מַ֝עְיָנ֗וֹת נִכְבַּדֵּי־מָֽיִם 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “I was brought forth when there were no watery depths and when there were no springs heavy with water”
8:24 erhg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive חוֹלָ֑לְתִּי 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh brought me forth”
8:24 jo9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חוֹלָ֑לְתִּי 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of starting to exist as if it were something that was **brought forth**, which is an idiomatic way to say “born.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I started to exist”
8:24 el5o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַ֝עְיָנ֗וֹת נִכְבַּדֵּי־מָֽיִם 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of **springs** being full of **water** that flows out as if they were **heavy with water**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “springs full of flowing water”
8:25 u2m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure בְּטֶ֣רֶם הָרִ֣ים הָטְבָּ֑עוּ לִפְנֵ֖י גְבָע֣וֹת חוֹלָֽלְתִּי 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “I was brought forth before the mountains were sunk and before the face of the hills”
8:25 z5y4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הָרִ֣ים הָטְבָּ֑עוּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sunk the mountains”
8:25 ryrx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הָרִ֣ים הָטְבָּ֑עוּ 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of the creation of **the mountains** as if their foundations **were sunk** in the earth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the mountains were created”
8:25 f9dm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification לִפְנֵ֖י גְבָע֣וֹת 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of **the hills** as if they were a person with a **face**. Wisdom is referring to the time **before** **the hills** existed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before the existence of the hills”\n
8:25 asn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חוֹלָֽלְתִּי 1 See how you translated this phrase in the previous verse.
8:26 r8jv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure עַד־לֹ֣א עָ֭שָׂה אֶ֣רֶץ וְחוּצ֑וֹת וְ֝רֹ֗אשׁ עָפְר֥וֹת תֵּבֵֽל 1 This verse continues the sentence that began in the previous verse. If you divide the previous verse and this verse into separate sentences, then you will need to repeat the main clause from the previous verse. Alternate translation: “I was brought forth before he made the earth or the outside places or the head of the loose soil of the world”
8:26 y533 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְחוּצ֑וֹת 1 Here, **outside places** refers to the fields in the countryside. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “open spaces of the countryside”
8:26 tb6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝רֹ֗אשׁ 1 Here, **the head** refers to the first part of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or the first of”
8:27 t648 This verse is the beginning of a sentence that continues through [8:29](../08/29.md). If you make each of these verses a separate sentence, then you will need to repeat **I was there** in each of those verses.
8:27 nk15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure בַּהֲכִינ֣וֹ שָׁ֭מַיִם שָׁ֣ם אָ֑נִי 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. This verse is the beginning of a sentence that continues through [8:29](../08/29.md). If you make each verse a separate sentence, then you will need to repeat the main clause of this verse in each of those verses. Alternate translation: “I was there when he established the heavens”
8:27 b5db rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּח֥וּקוֹ ח֝֗וּג עַל־פְּנֵ֥י תְהֽוֹם 1 This clause refers to Yahweh forming the horizon between the sky and ocean as if he were drawing a **circle** on the ocean’s surface. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when he made the horizon between the heavens and the surface of the ocean”
8:28 wnj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּאַמְּצ֣וֹ שְׁחָקִ֣ים 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of God forming **the clouds** as if he made them **firm**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “When he created the clouds”
8:28 z2v2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בַּ֝עֲז֗וֹז עִינ֥וֹת תְּהוֹם 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of the **springs** flowing with much water as if they were people who **became strong**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when the springs of the watery deep flowed strongly”
8:28 ii3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עִינ֥וֹת תְּהוֹם 1 Here, Wisdom is using the possessive form to describe **the springs** that supply water to **the watery deep**, which refers to the bottom of the ocean. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the springs that fill the watery deep”
8:29 titz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּשׂ֘וּמ֤וֹ & פִ֑יו & בְּ֝חוּק֗וֹ 1 In this verse, **he** and **his** refer to Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “when Yahweh set up … Yahweh’s mouth … when Yahweh inscribed”
8:29 pd76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חֻקּ֗וֹ 1 Here, **law** refers to the limit or boundary of **sea**, where the **sea** ends and the dry land begins. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “its limit”
8:29 vk7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פִ֑יו 1 Here, **mouth** refers to God’s **law** that was mentioned in the previous clause as if it were a command spoken by God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his command” or “that limit”
8:29 f3j9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ֝חוּק֗וֹ 1 This clause refers to Yahweh designating **the foundations of the earth** as if he were drawing them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when he designated” or “when he decreed”
8:29 j9sa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מ֣וֹסְדֵי אָֽרֶץ 1 This phrase could refer to: (1) the limits of the land, which were considered to be the bottoms of the mountains (see [Micah 6:2](../mic/06/02.md)). Alternate translation: “the limits of the land” (2) where Yahweh placed **the earth**, which was spoken as if **the earth** were resting on top of **foundations**. Alternate translation: “where the earth would be placed”
8:30 ph2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וָֽאֶהְיֶ֥ה אֶצְל֗וֹ אָ֫מ֥וֹן 1 Here, Yahweh using wisdom to create the universe is spoke of as if wisdom were **a skilled worker** who was **beside him**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Then he used wisdom skillfully” or “Then I was like a skilled worker beside him”
8:30 ky7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns שַׁ֭עֲשֻׁעִים 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **delight**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “delightful”
8:30 a22n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מְשַׂחֶ֖קֶת 1 Here, **frolicking** refers to dancing or playing in a way that expresses great joy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “acting joyfully”
8:30 mhxo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְפָנָ֣יו 1 Here, **face** refers to Yahweh’s presence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in his presence”\n
8:31 bf8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מְ֭שַׂחֶקֶת 1 See how you translated this word in the previous verse.
8:31 pw91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּתֵבֵ֣ל אַרְצ֑וֹ 1 The phrase **world of his earth** could refer to: (1) the whole **world**. Alternate translation: “his entire world” (2) the inhabited part of the **world**. Alternate translation: “his inhabited world”
8:31 tpzd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ֝שַׁעֲשֻׁעַ֗י 1 See how you translated “delight” in the previous verse.
8:31 wnq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם 1 See how you translated this phrase in [8:4](../08/04.md)
8:32 ly1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וְעַתָּ֣ה 1 **And now** here indicates a transition from what Wisdom said in [8:4–31](../08/04.md) to the call to pay attention that follows. See how you translated the same clause in [5:7](../05/07.md) and [7:24](../07/24.md).\n
8:32 hwt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וְ֝אַשְׁרֵ֗י 1 Here, **and** introduces the reason for obeying the command stated in the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “since happy”\n
8:32 m6ib rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דְּרָכַ֥י יִשְׁמֹֽרוּ 1 Here, **ways** refers to behavior. See how you translated the similar use of **keep** and “paths” in [2:20](../02/20.md). Alternate translation: “are they who behave like me”
8:33 uqpl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מוּסָ֥ר 1 See how you translated **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
8:33 bcx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative וַחֲכָ֗מוּ 1 This is an imperative, but it communicates the result of obeying the command stated in the previous phrase. Use a form in your language that communicates a result. Alternate translation: “and it will result in you becoming wise”
8:33 ky6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes וְאַל־תִּפְרָֽעוּ 1 Wisdom is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “be sure to pay attention to” or “be sure to follow”
8:34 ao5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אָדָם֮ 1 The word **man** represents a person in general, not one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “is the person”
8:34 i55j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism לִשְׁקֹ֣ד עַל־דַּ֭לְתֹתַי י֤וֹם ׀ י֑וֹם לִ֝שְׁמֹ֗ר מְזוּזֹ֥ת פְּתָחָֽי 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “keeping vigil over my doors day by day, yes, keeping watch over the doorposts of my entrances”\n
8:34 vj3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִשְׁקֹ֣ד עַל־דַּ֭לְתֹתַי י֤וֹם ׀ י֑וֹם לִ֝שְׁמֹ֗ר מְזוּזֹ֥ת פְּתָחָֽי 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of someone being eager to listen to her as if that person was vigilantly waiting at the door to her house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “being eager to listen to me” or “being eager to listen to me as if one were keeping vigil over my doors day by day, keeping watch over the doorposts of my entrances”
8:34 rlm0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִשְׁקֹ֣ד עַל־דַּ֭לְתֹתַי י֤וֹם ׀ י֑וֹם לִ֝שְׁמֹ֗ר מְזוּזֹ֥ת פְּתָחָֽי 1 Here, **doors** and **doorposts of my entrances** implies that Wisdom has a house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “keeping vigil over the doors of my house day by day, keeping watch over the doorposts of the entrances of my house”
8:35 z6lm rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is a reason why someone who listens to Wisdom will be happy, as stated in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “That man will be happy because”\n
8:35 hfn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification מֹצְאַי 1 Here, learning wisdom is spoken of as if wisdom were a person that someone could find. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar phrase in [3:13](../03/13.md) and [8:17](../08/17.md). Alternate translation: “those who attain wisdom” or “those who become wise”
8:35 i5ov rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification מֹצְאֵי חַיִּ֑ים 1 Having a long **life** is spoken of as if **life** were an object that a person can find by searching for it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are those who will have long lives”\n
8:35 du0q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וַיָּ֥פֶק 1 Although the term **he** is masculine, Wisdom is using the word in a generic sense that could refer to either a man or woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “and that person obtains”
8:35 qybq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָ֝צ֗וֹן 1 See how you translated **favor** in [3:4](../03/04.md).
8:36 gfoj וְֽ֭חֹטְאִי 1 The phrase translated **a sinner against me** could also be translated as “one who misses me,” which has the idea of failing to “find” wisdom. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
8:36 hmls rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְֽ֭חֹטְאִי 1 Here, wisdom is spoken of as if it were a person whom people could sin **against**. This phrase refers to people who sin by rejecting wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But someone who sins by rejecting me” or “But someone who sins by rejecting wisdom”
8:36 w73k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy נַפְשׁ֑וֹ 1 Here, **life** refers to the person himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “himself”
8:36 yl6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חֹמֵ֣ס & מָֽוֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **violence** in [3:31](../03/31.md) and **death** in [2:18](../02/18.md).
8:36 tttn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole אָ֣הֲבוּ מָֽוֶת 1 This phrase is an exaggeration that emphasizes that people who hate wisdom choose to live in a way that will cause them to die. It does not mean that people who hate wisdom actually **love death**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “show by their actions that they choose to die” or “act as if they love death”
9:intro y75r 0 # Proverbs 9 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n * Avoid temptation to commit adultery (5:1–23)\n * Practical warnings (6:1–19)\n * Adultery will be punished (6:20–35)\n * The Story of an Adulterer (7:1–27)\n * Wisdom benefits the wise (8:1–36)\n * Wisdom and folly (9:1–18)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Wisdom calls out\n\nIn this chapter and the previous chapter, wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman who prepares a meal and calls out for all to come and learn from her. In languages where it is possible for something like wisdom to be spoken of as if it were a person who speaks, the translator should translate in this way. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate the personification as similes instead. In that case wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. When wisdom speaks in [9:4–12](../09/04.md), the notes will use the proper noun “Wisdom” to indicate that the personification of wisdom is speaking. See how you translated similar references to wisdom in [1:20–33](../01/20.md) and [8:4–36](../08/04.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])\n
9:1 m12a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification חָ֭כְמוֹת בָּנְתָ֣ה בֵיתָ֑הּ חָצְבָ֖ה עַמּוּדֶ֣יהָ שִׁבְעָֽה 1 In [9:1–12](../09/01.md), **Wisdom** is spoken of as if it were a woman. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “It is as if wisdom were a woman who has built her house and has hewn out her seven pillars”\n
9:1 s64d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חָצְבָ֖ה עַמּוּדֶ֣יהָ שִׁבְעָֽה 1 This clause refers to part of the process of building the **house** that was mentioned in the previous clause. A **house** with **seven pillars** would have been very large. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “she has hewn out seven pillars to support the roof of her house”
9:2 zr00 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification טָבְחָ֣ה טִ֭בְחָהּ מָסְכָ֣ה יֵינָ֑הּ אַ֝֗ף עָֽרְכָ֥ה שֻׁלְחָנָֽהּ 1 In this verse, wisdom is spoken of as if it were a woman. See the discussion of such personification in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “It is as if wisdom were a woman who has slaughtered her slaughter, mixed her wine, and arranged her table”
9:2 hk6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit טָבְחָ֣ה טִ֭בְחָהּ מָסְכָ֣ה יֵינָ֑הּ אַ֝֗ף עָֽרְכָ֥ה שֻׁלְחָנָֽהּ 1 All three of these clauses refer to parts of the process to prepare a special meal for guests. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “She has prepared a meal for guests by slaughtering her slaughter, mixing her wine, and arranging her table”
9:2 x5sw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy טָבְחָ֣ה טִ֭בְחָהּ 1 Here, **slaughter** refers to the animals that Wisdom has **slaughtered** so that their meat may be eaten at a meal. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “She has slaughtered the animals so that their meat may be eaten at the meal”
9:2 ywr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מָסְכָ֣ה יֵינָ֑הּ 1 In ancient Israel, people often prepared **wine** for drinking by mixing it with water. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “she has prepared her wine by mixing it with water”
9:2 h2zm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עָֽרְכָ֥ה שֻׁלְחָנָֽהּ 1 This phrase refers to putting the food and eating utensils on a table in order to prepare for a meal. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “she has prepared her table for people to eat a meal”
9:3 p6e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification שָֽׁלְחָ֣ה נַעֲרֹתֶ֣יהָ תִקְרָ֑א 1 In this verse, wisdom is spoken of as if it were a wealthy woman who has servants and **calls out** in public. See the discussion of such personification in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “It is as if wisdom were a woman who has sent out her young women and calls out”
9:3 akl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שָֽׁלְחָ֣ה נַעֲרֹתֶ֣יהָ 1 Solomon implies that the **young women** were **sent out** in order to invite people to the meal that Wisdom had prepared. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “She has sent out her young women to invite people to the meal”
9:3 n6ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַל־גַּ֝פֵּ֗י מְרֹ֣מֵי 1 See how you translated the similar phrase “the head of the heights” in [8:2](../08/02.md).
9:4 vxav rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure מִי־פֶ֭תִי יָסֻ֣ר הֵ֑נָּה חֲסַר־לֵ֝֗ב אָ֣מְרָה לּֽוֹ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “She says to him lacking of heart, ‘Whoever is naive, let him turn aside here”
9:4-5 dv2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor מִי־פֶ֭תִי יָסֻ֣ר הֵ֑נָּה חֲסַר־לֵ֝֗ב אָ֣מְרָה לּֽוֹ & לְ֭כוּ לַחֲמ֣וּ בְֽלַחֲמִ֑י וּ֝שְׁת֗וּ בְּיַ֣יִן מָסָֽכְתִּי 1 In these two verses, Wisdom speaks of people acquiring wisdom as they were turning **aside** from a path to enter Wisdom’s house, **eat** Wisdom’s **bread**, and **drink** Wisdom’s **wine**. Just as **bread** and **wine**are good and keep people alive, so wisdom also is good and something that enables people to live for a long time. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the comparison. Alternate translation: “She says to him lacking of heart, ‘Whoever is naive, benefit your lives by acquiring wisdom. Doing so is like turning aside here, coming to me, eating my bread, and drinking the wine I have mixed”
9:4 s4da rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יָסֻ֣ר הֵ֑נָּה 1 Here, Wisdom implies that the **naive** person should **turn aside** and come to her house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “let him leave his path and come to my house”
9:4 bjtb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations יָסֻ֣ר & לּֽוֹ 1 Although **him** is masculine, here it refers to any **naive** person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “let that person turn aside … to that person”\n
9:4 ea5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חֲסַר־לֵ֝֗ב 1 See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [7:7](../07/07.md).
9:5 h6ck rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בְֽלַחֲמִ֑י 1 Here, **bread** is used to refer to food in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.\n
9:5 n3eu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you לְ֭כוּ לַחֲמ֣וּ & וּ֝שְׁת֗וּ 1 All three of these commands are plural because Wisdom is addressing all the “naive” people at the same time.
9:5 stm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּיַ֣יִן מָסָֽכְתִּי 1 See how you translated the similar phrase in [9:2](../09/02.md).
9:6 b9ma rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you עִזְב֣וּ & וִֽחְי֑וּ וְ֝אִשְׁר֗וּ 1 All three of these commands are plural because Wisdom is addressing all the **naive** people at the same time.
9:6 ejw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification עִזְב֣וּ פְתָאיִ֣ם 1 Here, Wisdom tells people to stop doing **naive things** as if those **things** were people whom a person could **Forsake**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Stop your naive behavior” or “Stop doing naive things”
9:6 f53k rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal וִֽחְי֑וּ 1 Here, **and** indicates that what follows is the purpose for doing what Wisdom commands people to do earlier in this verse. Use a connector in your language that indicates a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of living”\n
9:6 d5j8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וִֽחְי֑וּ 1 Here, **live** refers to living a long life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and live a long life”
9:6 lpn8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝אִשְׁר֗וּ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ בִּינָֽה 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of a people behaving in a manner that will enable them to acquire **understanding** as if they were striding on a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and behave in a manner that will enable you to acquire understanding”
9:6 ycu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בִּינָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
9:7 xm8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun יֹ֤סֵ֨ר ׀ לֵ֗ץ לֹקֵ֣חַֽ ל֣וֹ קָל֑וֹן וּמוֹכִ֖יחַ לְרָשָׁ֣ע מוּמֽוֹ 1 Here, **The instructor**, **a mocker**, **himself**, **the rebuker**, **a wicked one**, and **his** do not refer to specific people, but refer to types of people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “Any instructor of any mocker receives disgrace for that person, and any rebuker of any wicked one, that person’s injury”
9:7 k7j1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יֹ֤סֵ֨ר ׀ לֵ֗ץ 1 Since **a mocker** does not accept instruction, this phrase implies that someone attempted to be an **instructor of a mocker**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The one who attempts to instruct a mocker”
9:7 x5sc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹקֵ֣חַֽ ל֣וֹ קָל֑וֹן 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of **disgrace** as if it were an object that a person **receives**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will himself be disgraced”
9:7 oad5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns קָל֑וֹן 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **disgrace** in [6:33](../06/33.md).
9:7 vif7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּמוֹכִ֖יחַ לְרָשָׁ֣ע מוּמֽוֹ 1 Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and the rebuker of a wicked one receives his injury”\n
9:7 k4b9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מוּמֽוֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **injury**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “his being injured”\n
9:8 fpc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result אַל־תּ֣וֹכַח 1 This clause states what Wisdom wants people to do as a result of what Wisdom said in the previous verse. Use the most natural way to express an intended result in your language. Alternate translation: “Therefore, do not rebuke”
9:8 mjq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לֵ֭ץ פֶּן־יִשְׂנָאֶ֑ךָּ & לְ֝חָכָ֗ם וְיֶאֱהָבֶֽךָּ 1 Here, **a mocker**, **he**, and **a wise one** do not refer to specific people, but refer to types of people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “any mocker, lest that person hate you … any wise one and that person will love you”
9:8 g1qu rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast הוֹכַ֥ח לְ֝חָכָ֗ם 1 This clause says something that is in contrast to what was said in the previous clause. Use a natural way in your language to express a strong contrast. Alternate translation: “By contrast, rebuke a wise one”\n
9:8 rpxq rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְיֶאֱהָבֶֽךָּ 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the command stated in the previous phrase. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “and it will result in him loving you”\n
9:9 y95j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis תֵּ֣ן 1 Wisdom is leaving out a word that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply this word from the context. Alternate translation: “Give instruction” or “Give what is wise”\n
9:9 c8r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לְ֭חָכָם וְיֶחְכַּם־ע֑וֹד & לְ֝צַדִּ֗יק וְי֣וֹסֶף 1 Here, **a wise one**, **he**, and **a righteous one** do not refer to specific people, but refer to these types of people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “to any wise one and that person will become more wise … any righteous one and that person will increase”
9:10 zryv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession תְּחִלַּ֣ת 1 See how you translated the same use of **beginning** in [1:7](../01/07.md).
9:10 oxjy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָ֭כְמָה & וְדַ֖עַת & בִּינָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
9:10 l6yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession יִרְאַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:7](../01/07.md).
9:11 xbl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases כִּי 1 **For** here indicates that Wisdom is emphasizing what follows in this verse. Use a connector in your language that makes that emphasis clear. Alternate translation: “Truly”\n
9:11 uv8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִרְבּ֣וּ יָמֶ֑יךָ 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of people living for a long time as if the **days** that they are alive were something that could **increase** in number. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will live many more days”
9:11 jt1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְיוֹסִ֥יפוּ לְּ֝ךָ֗ שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּֽים 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of people living for a long time as if the **years** that they are alive were something that could **be added** to their lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you will live many more years”
9:11 wpx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּֽים 1 See how you translated this idiom in [3:2](../03/02.md).
9:11 u5qf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְיוֹסִ֥יפוּ לְּ֝ךָ֗ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and … I will add to you”\n
9:12 z3ez rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לָּ֑ךְ 1 Here, **for** implies that being **wise** is for the benefit of the **wise** person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “for the benefit of yourself”
9:12 sr5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְ֝לַ֗צְתָּ 1 Here, **and** indicates that what follows is a strong contrast to what was stated in the previous clause. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “however, if you mock”\n
9:12 zei6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְֽבַדְּךָ֥ תִשָּֽׂא 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of someone experiencing the consequences of one’s bad behavior as if **it** were a heavy object that one had to carry on one’s back. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you alone will experience the consequences”
9:13 ix9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification אֵ֣שֶׁת כְּ֭סִילוּת הֹֽמִיָּ֑ה פְּ֝תַיּ֗וּת וּבַל־יָ֥דְעָה מָּֽה 1 The phrase **woman of insolence** could refer to: (1) a **woman** who is characterized by **stupidity**, in which case this phrase would refer to stupid women in general. Alternate translation: “A stupid woman is loud, naive, and she does not know anything” or “Stupid women are loud, naive, and do not know anything” (2) **stupidity** as if it were a **woman**, which is how wisdom was spoken of in the previous part of this chapter. Alternate translation: “Lady Stupidity is loud, naive, and she does not know anything”
9:13 lbv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole וּבַל־יָ֥דְעָה מָּֽה 1 This phrase is an exaggeration that Solomon uses to emphasize how ignorant this **woman** is. It does not mean that **she does not know anything** at all. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and she does not know much” or “and she knows very little”\n
9:14 tk38 וְֽ֭יָשְׁבָה לְפֶ֣תַח בֵּיתָ֑הּ עַל־כִּ֝סֵּ֗א מְרֹ֣מֵי קָֽרֶת 1 If you translated the phrase “woman of stupidity” as a plural form in the previous verse, then you should use plural forms in this verse. Alternate translation: “And they sit at the opening of their houses, on seats by the heights of the city”
9:14 h74g לְפֶ֣תַח בֵּיתָ֑הּ 1 See how you translated this phrase in [5:8](../05/08.md).
9:14 mz9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis עַל־כִּ֝סֵּ֗א 1 This clause could refer to: (1) the specific location of **the opening of her house**. Alternate translation: “which is on a seat” (2) a second location where **she sits**. Alternate translation: “or on a seat”\n
9:14 sqcz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מְרֹ֣מֵי קָֽרֶת 1 See how you translated this phrase in [9:3](../09/03.md).
9:15 zygf rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לִקְרֹ֥א 1 Here, **to** indicates that what follows is the purpose for the “woman of stupidity” sitting in a public place, as stated in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language to express a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of calling”
9:15 tcdj לְעֹֽבְרֵי־דָ֑רֶךְ 1 Alternate translation: “to those walking by on the road”
9:15 cqd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הַֽ֝מְיַשְּׁרִ֗ים אֹֽרְחוֹתָֽם 1 This clause is an idiom that describes people who are only thinking of their own affairs. If this clause does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the ones minding their own business” or “the ones only thinking about their own affairs”
9:16 ck1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִי־פֶ֭תִי יָסֻ֣ר הֵ֑נָּה וַחֲסַר־לֵ֝֗ב וְאָ֣מְרָה לּֽוֹ 1 See how you translated the nearly identical clauses in [9:4](../09/04.md).
9:17 gr7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result מַֽיִם־גְּנוּבִ֥ים יִמְתָּ֑קוּ 1 The stupid woman implies that what she says in this verse is the reason why the “naive” should “turn aside” to her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Turn aside here because stolen waters are sweet”
9:17 jsi6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַֽיִם־גְּנוּבִ֥ים יִמְתָּ֑קוּ וְלֶ֖חֶם סְתָרִ֣ים יִנְעָֽם 1 In this verse, the foolish woman refers to the pleasure of having sex with someone to whom one is not married as if it were as **sweet** as **stolen waters** or as **pleasant** as **bread of secrecies**. Water and food are also used as euphemisms for sexual activity in [5:15–19](../05/15.md) and [30:20](../30/20.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile: “Having sex with me is truly enjoyable” or “Having sex with me is as enjoyable as drinking stolen waters or eating bread of secrecies”
9:17 v8z3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְלֶ֖חֶם סְתָרִ֣ים 1 The phrase **bread of secrecies** could refer to: (1) **bread** that is eating secretly by oneself. Alternate translation: “and bread that is eaten in secrecy” (2) **bread** that one obtains through secret deeds, which implies stealing the **bread**. Alternate translation: “and bread obtained secretly”
9:18 zo93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְֽלֹא־יָ֭דַע 1 **And** here indicates that was follows is in contrast with what the foolish woman stated in the previous verses. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a contrast. Alternate translation: “However, he does not know”
9:18 kjuw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְֽלֹא־יָ֭דַע 1 Here, **he** refers to any naive man to whom the stupid woman calls. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “And any naive man does not know”
9:18 kg4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רְפָאִ֣ים שָׁ֑ם 1 Here, Solomon speaks of those men who died because they went to the stupid woman’s house as if their dead **spirits** were **there**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that the men who have gone to her house are now dead”
9:18 m5oj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive קְרֻאֶֽיהָ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the ones whom she called”
9:18 k1fh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קְרֻאֶֽיהָ 1 This phrase refers to the men who went to the stupid woman’s house to commit adultery with her in response to her calling them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the men whom she called and they accepted her call” or “the men who went to her house after she called them”
10:intro fhy5 0 # Proverbs 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### Outline of Proverbs\n\n3. Proverbs from Solomon (10:1–22:16)\n\nChapter 10 starts a new section of the book, which is mainly filled with short, individual proverbs that were written by Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Contrasting parallelism\n\nExcept for [10:10](../10/10.md), [18](../10/18.md), [22](../10/22.md), [26](../10/26.md), all the proverbs in this chapter consist of two parallel clauses that contrast with each other.
10:1 tab7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מִשְׁלֵ֗י שְׁלֹ֫מֹ֥ה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:1](../01/01.md).
10:1 a6oo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אָ֑ב 1 Here, **father** refers specifically to the **father** of the **son** mentioned earlier in the sentence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in the UST.
10:1 msr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תּוּגַ֥ת אִמּֽוֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **grief**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “grieves his mother”
10:2 ffz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אוֹצְר֣וֹת רֶ֑שַׁע 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **Treasures** that someone gained by **wickedness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Treasures gained in wicked ways” or “Treasures obtained by wicked means”
10:2 xnh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לֹא־י֭וֹעִילוּ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “do not profit those who possess them”
10:2 iavl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ֝צְדָקָ֗ה & מִמָּֽוֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **righteousness** in [1:3](../01/03.md) and **death** in [2:18](../02/18.md).
10:2 kdl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis תַּצִּ֥יל 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “delivers a person”
10:3 df3m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche נֶ֣פֶשׁ צַדִּ֑יק 1 Here **life** refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the righteous person”
10:3 u9iu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֶהְדֹּֽף 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **Yahweh** preventing **the wicked ones** from getting what they **desire** as if the **desire** were an object that **Yahweh** **thrusts away**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he thwarts”
10:4 e3ef rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כַף־רְמִיָּ֑ה וְיַ֖ד חָרוּצִ֣ים 1 Here, **palm** and **hand** represent the whole person, who works by using a **palm** or **hand**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A person unwilling to work … but people who work diligently”
10:4 yly7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָ֗אשׁ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **poverty** in [6:11](../06/11.md).
10:5 i51x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֹגֵ֣ר בַּ֭קַּיִץ & בַּ֝קָּצִ֗יר 1 See how you translated the same use of **gathers**, **summer**, and **harvest** in [6:8](../06/08.md).
10:5 mwm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אֹגֵ֣ר 1 Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply the word from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “One who gathers food”
10:5 o82h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מַשְׂכִּ֑יל 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **insight** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
10:6 k7j2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לְרֹ֣אשׁ צַדִּ֑יק 1 Here, **head** represents the whole person. In Solomon’s culture people would place their hands on top of the **head** of the person whom they were blessing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are given to the righteous person”
10:6 y4mb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּפִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים 1 Here, **mouth** could refer to: (1) what **the wicked ones** say. Alternate translation: “but the speech of the wicked ones” (2) **the wicked ones** themselves. Alternate translation: “but the wicked ones themselves”\n
10:6 todb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יְכַסֶּ֥ה 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone concealing **violence** as if it were an object that someone **covers**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “conceals”
10:6 k4dp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָמָֽס 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **violence** in [3:31](../03/31.md).
10:7 k8ro rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession זֵ֣כֶר צַ֭דִּיק לִבְרָכָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the **memory** that other people have about **the righteous one**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “The righteous one will be remembered for a blessing”
10:7 gzif rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַ֭דִּיק 1 Although **righteous one** here is singular, it refers to all **righteous** people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different form. Alternate translation: “any righteous person”
10:7 nmda rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִבְרָכָ֑ה 1 This phrase indicates that people will be blessed when they remember **the righteous one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will be a blessing to others” or “will bless others”
10:7 edf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְשֵׁ֖ם 1 Although **name** here is singular, it refers to the names of all the **wicked ones** in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different form. Alternate translation: “but the names of”
10:7 e1w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְשֵׁ֖ם 1 Here, **name** refers to a person’s reputation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the reputation of” or “but what people think of”
10:7 s7ja rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִרְקָֽב 1 Here, Solomon speaks of people forgetting **the name of the wicked ones** as if that **name** is an object that rots and disappears. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “will be forgotten” or “will be forgotten like something that rots away”
10:8 m4yh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom חֲכַם־לֵ֭ב 1 This phrase refers to a person who thinks wisely. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A wise thinker”
10:8 q33f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִקַּ֣ח מִצְוֺ֑ת 1 Here, Solomon refers to obeying **commands** as if they were objects that a person **receives**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “obeys commands”
10:8 vu21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִצְוֺ֑ת 1 Solomon implies that **wise** people obey good **commands**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “good commands”
10:8 lays rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וֶאֱוִ֥יל שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם 1 Here, **the one stupid of lips** refers to someone who speaks foolishly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar expression in your language or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but a chattering fool” or “but one who speaks stupidly”
10:8 bmhd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִלָּבֵֽט 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will throw themselves down”
10:8 e725 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִלָּבֵֽט 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person’s life becoming ruined or destroyed as if that person were **thrown down** on the ground. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be destroyed” or “will be made useless”
10:9 ps6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הוֹלֵ֣ךְ בַּ֭תֹּם 1 See how you translated the similar phrase “walking with integrity” in [2:7](../02/07.md).
10:9 e1m3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֵ֣לֶךְ בֶּ֑טַח 1 See how you translated a similar use of **walk** in [3:23](../03/23.md).
10:9 f151 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּמְעַקֵּ֥שׁ דְּ֝רָכָ֗יו 1 See how you translated the similar use of “paths” and **crooked** in [2:15](../02/15.md).
10:9 oc4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִוָּדֵֽעַ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will know” or “God will know”
10:9 xw85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִוָּדֵֽעַ 1 Here, **known** refers to the **one who causes his ways** being discovered or found out. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will be discovered” or “will be found out”
10:10 mi1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction קֹ֣רֵֽץ עַ֭יִן 1 See how you translated a similar phrase is [6:13](../06/13.md).
10:10 zlfb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִתֵּ֣ן עַצָּ֑בֶת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of causing people to feel **pain** or grief as if **pain** were an object that someone **gives** to someone else. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes pain”
10:10 p957 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וֶאֱוִ֥יל שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם יִלָּבֵֽט 1 See how you translated the nearly identical clause in [10:8](../10/08.md).
10:11 tv58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מְק֣וֹר חַ֭יִּים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **fountain** that gives **life**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A fountain that gives life”
10:11 uifo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְק֣וֹר חַ֭יִּים 1 Here, Solomon is speaking of **the mouth of the righteous one** as if it were a **fountain of life**. He means that what a **righteous** person says is beneficial to a person’s **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Something that benefits a person’s life”
10:11 f47s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פִּ֣י 1 In this verse, **mouth** refers to what a person says by using his **mouth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is the speech of”
10:11 bz8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּפִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים יְכַסֶּ֥ה חָמָֽס 1 See how you translated the identical clause in [10:6](../10/06.md).
10:12 t8a8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification שִׂ֭נְאָה תְּעוֹרֵ֣ר מְדָנִ֑ים 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **Hatred** as if it were a person who could cause **quarrels**. He means that people who hate cause such **quarrels**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Being hateful causes one to stir up quarrels”
10:12 ph1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְעַ֥ל כָּל־פְּ֝שָׁעִ֗ים תְּכַסֶּ֥ה אַהֲבָֽה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **love** as if it were a person who could cover over **transgressions**. He means that people who love forgive **transgressions**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but being hateful causes one to forgive transgressions”
10:12 rrwo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns פְּ֝שָׁעִ֗ים 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **transgressions**, you could express the same idea in another way. Here, **transgressions** refers to crimes committed against people. Alternate translation: “that people do to harm others”
10:13 n8pk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּשִׂפְתֵ֣י נָ֭בוֹן 1 Here, Solomon refers to what a **discerning** person says as if it were an object on that person’s **lips**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in what a discerning person says”
10:13 i0xo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִּמָּצֵ֣א חָכְמָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon refers to the existence of **wisdom** as if it were an object that could be found. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “wisdom exists” or “there is wisdom”
10:13 xjnm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
10:13 ww93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ֝שֵׁ֗בֶט לְגֵ֣ו 1 The phrase **rod for the back** refers to a form of punishment that involved beating a person on **the back** with a **rod**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a general expression for physical punishment. Alternate translation: “but physical punishment is for”
10:13 qqcn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חֲסַר־לֵֽב 1 See how you translated **lacking of heart** in [6:32](../06/32.md).
10:14 m077 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִצְפְּנוּ 1 See how you translated the same use of **store up** in [2:1](../02/01.md).
10:14 gzs8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns דָ֑עַת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).\n
10:14 ej72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּפִֽי 1 See how you translated the same use of **mouth** in [10:11](../10/11.md).
10:14 u04u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְחִתָּ֥ה קְרֹבָֽה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of what a **fool** says causing **ruin** and if that fool’s **mouth** was **near ruin**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes ruin”
10:15 ip06 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom קִרְיַ֣ת עֻזּ֑וֹ 1 The phrase **city of his strength** is an idiom that refers to a **city** with walls that protect the people inside the **city**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is a walled city” or “is a city with strong walls”
10:15 fd3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor קִרְיַ֣ת עֻזּ֑וֹ 1 Here, Solomon refers to **wealth** enabling its owners to be safe as if it were a strong **city**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is his protection”
10:15 izlm rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast מְחִתַּ֖ת דַּלִּ֣ים רֵישָֽׁם 1 This clause is a strong contrast with the previous clause. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by contrast, the ruin of lowly ones is their poverty”\n
10:15 wgyj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּלִּ֣ים 1 The phrase **lowly ones** refers to poor people as if they were located in a place that is lower than that of people who are not poor. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people who are poor”
10:15 xiq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רֵישָֽׁם 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **poverty** in [6:11](../06/11.md).
10:16 im19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פְּעֻלַּ֣ת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the reward that **the righteous one** receives as if it were a **wage**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The reward for”
10:16 rya2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַדִּ֣יק & רָשָׁ֣ע 1 The phrases **the righteous one** and **the wicked one** represent types of people in general, not one particular **righteous one** or **wicked one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any righteous person … any wicked person”
10:16 pxqo rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לְחַיִּ֑ים & לְחַטָּֽאת 1 In this verse, the phrase **is for** indicates that what follows is the result of what was previous stated. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “leads to life … leads to sin” or “results in life … results in sin”
10:16 y9vo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְחַיִּ֑ים 1 Here, **life** refers to a long **life**. If it would be helpful in your family, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is to a long life” “is to living a long time”
10:16 arpw rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast תְּבוּאַ֖ת רָשָׁ֣ע לְחַטָּֽאת 1 This clause is a strong contrast with the previous clause. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by contrast, the income of the wicked one is to sin”
10:16 m318 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תְּבוּאַ֖ת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the recompense or punishment that **the wicked one** receives as if it were **income**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the recompense for”
10:16 y0f9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְחַטָּֽאת 1 Here, **sin** could refer to: (1) the punishment that someone receives for **sin**, which is suggested by the contrasting parallelism between this clause and the previous clause. Alternate translation: “is for punishment for sin” (2) **sin** itself. Alternate translation: “is to sin more”
10:17 whb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לְ֭חַיִּים 1 Here, **to** indicates that what follows is the result of keeping **instruction**. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “that leads to life” or “that results in life”
10:17 uz9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מוּסָ֑ר & תּוֹכַ֣חַת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **rebuke** in [1:25](../01/25.md).
10:17 st2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְעוֹזֵ֖ב 1 See how you translated the same use of “forsake” in [1:8](../01/08.md).
10:17 w1bh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַתְעֶֽה 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone deliberately doing wicked things that will result in that person’s destruction as if that person were wandering away from a road. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will do what will result in that person’s destruction”
10:18 yvue rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שִׂפְתֵי־שָׁ֑קֶר 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **lips** that are characterized by **falsehood**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “has false lips”
10:18 d6bj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שִׂפְתֵי 1 Here, **lips** refers to what people say by moving their **lips**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “tells”
10:18 hrop rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ה֣וּא 1 Although the term **he** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that could refer to either a man or woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person”\n
10:19 zfsi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּרֹ֣ב דְּ֭בָרִים 1 Here, Solomon implies someone speaking **a multitude of words**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “When someone speaks a multitude of words”
10:19 gn9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns פָּ֑שַׁע 1 See how you translated “transgressions” in [10:12](../10/12.md).
10:19 zc3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹ֣א יֶחְדַּל 1 Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning, forsake. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “continues”\n
10:19 bemw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְחֹשֵׂ֖ךְ שְׂפָתָ֣יו 1 This phrase is an idiom that refers to someone who stops himself from speaking. If it would be helpful, you could use an equivalent idiom from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but one who keeps his mouth shut” or “but one who prevents himself from speaking”
10:20 f3ev rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כֶּ֣סֶף נִ֭בְחָר 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the value of what righteous people say as if it were the best quality **silver**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Extremely valuable” or “Like choice silver”
10:20 h1pz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְשׁ֣וֹן 1 See how you translated the same use of **tongue** in [6:17](../06/17.md).
10:20 hqr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לְשׁ֣וֹן צַדִּ֑יק 1 See how you translated **the righteous one** in [10:16](../10/16.md).
10:20 j8nh rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast לֵ֖ב רְשָׁעִ֣ים כִּמְעָֽט 1 This clause is a strong contrast with the previous clause. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by contrast, the heart of the wicked ones is like little”
10:20 pvj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֵ֖ב 1 See how you translated the same use of heart in [2:2](../02/02.md).
10:20 np2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כִּמְעָֽט 1 Here, **like little** refers to having **little** value. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “has little value” or “is not valuable”
10:21 h4rr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שִׂפְתֵ֣י 1 Here, **lips** refers to what people say by moving their **lips**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The sayings of”
10:21 zs7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַ֭דִּיק 1 See how you translated this phrase in [10:16](../10/16.md).
10:21 kp6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יִרְע֣וּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of what **righteous** people say benefitting people as if it were shepherding them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “help”
10:21 p2vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result בַּחֲסַר־לֵ֥ב יָמֽוּתוּ 1 Here, **by** indicates that what follows is the reason why **fools die**. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “die as a result of lacking heart”
10:21 hxdd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֵ֥ב 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [6:32](../06/32.md).
10:22 es92 וְלֹֽא־יוֹסִ֖ף עֶ֣צֶב עִמָּֽהּ 1 The word translated as **pain** can also mean “toil.” Some scholars think this word is the subject of the phrase **does not add**. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. Alternate translation: “and toil does not add to it” or “and hard work does not add more riches to it”
10:23 ipb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כִּשְׂח֣וֹק לִ֭כְסִיל עֲשׂ֣וֹת זִמָּ֑ה 1 Solomon is saying that **doing a wicked plan** is like **laughter** because **a stupid one** enjoys it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Doing a wicked plan is as fun as laughing for a stupid one”
10:23 s120 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ֝חָכְמָ֗ה לְאִ֣ישׁ תְּבוּנָֽה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words in this clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but wisdom is like laughter for a man of understanding”\n
10:23 xso2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ֝חָכְמָ֗ה & תְּבוּנָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
10:23 a7he rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations לְאִ֣ישׁ תְּבוּנָֽה 1 Although **man** is masculine, here it refers to any person with **understanding**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “for a person of understanding”\n
10:23 l951 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לְאִ֣ישׁ תְּבוּנָֽה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who is characterized by **understanding**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “for an understanding man” or “for a person who has understanding”
10:24 xai5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מְגוֹרַ֣ת 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **terror**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what terrifies”
10:24 vsxc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָ֭שָׁע הִ֣יא תְבוֹאֶ֑נּוּ 1 In this verse, **the wicked one** and **him** refer to **wicked** people in general. See how you translated **the wicked one** in [3:33](../03/33.md). Alternate translation: “any wicked person, it will come to that person”
10:24 qvlu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification הִ֣יא תְבוֹאֶ֑נּוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone experiencing **terror** as if **terror** were a person who could **come** to someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it will happen to him”
10:24 o37f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis יִתֵּֽן 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “will be given to them”
10:24 t4gc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִתֵּֽן 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will give”
10:25 ba1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כַּעֲב֣וֹר ס֭וּפָה 1 This could refer to: (1) any destructive event. Alternate translation: “At the occurring of a disaster” or “When a disaster occurs” (2) a literal storm. Alternate translation: “When a storm occurs”
10:25 ci43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous וְאֵ֣ין רָשָׁ֑ע 1 The word translated **and** here indicates that the event it introduces took place at the same time as the event stated in the previous clause. Use a natural form in your language for introducing an event that happened at the same time as another event. Alternate translation: “at that time there is no wicked one”
10:25 fhvg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֵ֣ין רָשָׁ֑ע 1 Here, Solomon implies that the **whirlwind** blew away every **wicked one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and there is no wicked one because the whirlwind blew them away”
10:25 lf8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ֝צַדִּ֗יק 1 Solomon is speaking of **righteous** people in general, not of one particular **righteous** person. If it would be helpful in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “but any righteous person”
10:25 v58h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְס֣וֹד עוֹלָֽם 1 Here, Solomon refers to **a righteous one** being able to endure disasters as if that person were the **foundation** of a building that storms do not damage. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “endures to eternity” or “remains forever”
10:25 a7e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession יְס֣וֹד עוֹלָֽם 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **foundation** that lasts to **eternity**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is an eternal foundation” or “is a foundation that lasts forever”
10:26 fk5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כַּחֹ֤מֶץ ׀ לַשִּׁנַּ֗יִם וְכֶעָשָׁ֥ן לָעֵינָ֑יִם 1 Solomon is saying that **the lazy one** is like **vinegar to the teeth and smoke to the eyes** because **vinegar** irritates **teeth** and **smoke** irritates **eyes**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Like vinegar is irritating to teeth and smoke is irritating to eyes”
10:26 i1xh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הֶ֝עָצֵ֗ל לְשֹׁלְחָֽיו 1 In this verse, **the lazy one** and **him** refer to **lazy** people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is any lazy person to one who sends that person”
10:26 t15r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְשֹׁלְחָֽיו 1 Here, Solomon implies that **the lazy one** was sent to do some errand for the person who sent him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to one who sends him to do an errand”
10:27 rv8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession יִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה 1 See how you translated the **fear of Yahweh** in [1:7](../01/07.md).\n
10:27 s8vi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תּוֹסִ֣יף יָמִ֑ים 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the **fear of Yahweh** as if it could **add days** to a person’s life. He means that fearing **Yahweh** will enable a person to live a long life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will result in days being added”\n
10:27 ubhw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תּוֹסִ֣יף יָמִ֑ים 1 Here, Solomon implies that **days** are added to the length of a person’s life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will add days to the length of a person’s life”
10:27 qdwt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּשְׁנ֖וֹת רְשָׁעִ֣ים 1 Here, Solomon uses **years** to refer to the length of time that a person lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the lifetimes of the wicked ones”
10:28 pds2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תּוֹחֶ֣לֶת & שִׂמְחָ֑ה 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **hope** and **joy**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “What is hoped by … what is joyful”
10:28 rrjz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns שִׂמְחָ֑ה 1 This could mean: (1) the **hope** results in **joy**. Alternate translation: “results in joy” (2) **joy** is what **the righteous ones** hope for, as in the ULT.
10:28 zqr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְתִקְוַ֖ת רְשָׁעִ֣ים תֹּאבֵֽד 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **the wicked ones** having unfulfilled expectations as if their **expectation** **will perish**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the expectation of the wicked ones will remain unfulfilled”
10:29 gey1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מָע֣וֹז 1 Here, Solomon refers to **the way of Yahweh** protecting people as if it were a **stronghold**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Protection”
10:29 xa49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לַ֭תֹּם & אָֽוֶן 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **integrity** in [1:3](../01/03.md) and **iniquity** in [6:12](../06/12.md).
10:29 m9nr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהוָ֑ה 1 Here, **way** refers to what **Yahweh** does or his behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is what Yahweh does” or “is the behavior of Yahweh”
10:29 e60k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ֝מְחִתָּ֗ה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but the way of Yahweh is ruin”
10:30 url1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַדִּ֣יק 1 See how you translated the same phrase in [9:9](../09/09.md).
10:30 ub25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes בַּל־יִמּ֑וֹט 1 Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “will be secure”
10:30 fpnl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אָֽרֶץ 1 See how you translated the same use of **the land** in [2:21](../02/21.md).
10:31 f7hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פִּֽי־צַ֭דִּיק 1 See how you translated this phrase in [10:11](../10/11.md).
10:31 h789 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יָנ֣וּב חָכְמָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon refers to a **righteous** person saying wise things as if **wisdom** were a **fruit** that a plant **bears**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “speaks wisdom” or “speaks wisdom like a plant bears fruit”
10:31 amx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּלְשׁ֥וֹן 1 See how you translated the same use of **tongue** in [6:17](../06/17.md).
10:31 p9y1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּכָּרֵֽת 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cut off”
10:31 s2vb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole תִּכָּרֵֽת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **the perverse ones** not being permitted to speak as if someone **cut off** their tongues. He does not mean that someone would literally **cut off** their tongues. If it would be helpful in your language, you cold express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will not be allowed to speak” or “will be stopped”
10:32 y79y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שִׂפְתֵ֣י צַ֭דִּיק 1 See how you translated this phrase in [10:21](../10/21.md).
10:32 gn3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יֵדְע֣וּן רָצ֑וֹן 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a **righteous** person saying pleasing things as if that person’s **lips** were people who **know favor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “express favor”
10:32 bx51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָצ֑וֹן 1 See how you translated **favor** in [3:4](../03/04.md).
10:32 scfp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּפִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים תַּהְפֻּכֽוֹת 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but the mouth of the wicked ones knows perverse things” or “but the mouth of the wicked ones expresses perverse things”
10:32 ay8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּפִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים 1 See how you translated this phrase in [10:6](../10/06.md).
11:intro uk6v 0 # Proverbs 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 11 continues the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Contrasting parallelism\n\nExcept for [11:7](../11/07.md), [10](../11/10.md), [22](../11/22.md), [25](../11/25.md), and [11:29–31](../11/29.md), all the proverbs in this chapter consist of two parallel clauses that contrast with each other.
11:1 nux3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מֹאזְנֵ֣י & וְאֶ֖בֶן שְׁלֵמָ֣ה 1 Solomon does not mean that **Yahweh** actually hates these **Scales** or has **delight** in this **whole stone**. Rather, he means that **Yahweh** hates people using these **Scales** and has **delight** in people using **a whole stone**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The use of scales of … but the use of a whole stone”
11:1 wl8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מֹאזְנֵ֣י מִ֭רְמָה 1 **Scales** describes an instrument for determining the weight of an object or comparing the weight of two objects. It consists of a central post with a crossbar from which two pans are hung. An object may be placed in one pan and known weights placed in the other pan until the crossbar remains level, meaning that both pans contain an equal weight. Or one object may be placed in one pan and a different object in the other pan; the pan that hangs lower contains the heavier object. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of weighing instrument, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a balancing scale of deceit” or “a weighing instrument of deceit”\n
11:1 qsoh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֹאזְנֵ֣י מִ֭רְמָה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **Scales** that are used for **deceit**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Scales used to deceive people” or “Scales people use to deceive others”
11:1 g3jt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated **an abomination to Yahweh** in [3:32](../03/32.md).
11:1 pe2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְאֶ֖בֶן שְׁלֵמָ֣ה 1 Here, **whole stone** refers to a **stone** people use as a weight on a pair of **Scales** that accurately weighs the **whole** amount that people expect it to weigh. If it would be helpful in your language you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but an accurate weight” or “but a stone that weighs the correct weight”
11:1 x8n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רְצוֹנֽוֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **delight** in [8:30](../08/30.md).
11:2 fofi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בָּֽא־זָ֭דוֹן וַיָּבֹ֣א קָל֑וֹן 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person acting with **presumptuousness** and experiencing **disgrace** as if **presumptuousness** and **disgrace** were people who come to someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “When someone acts with presumptuousness then that person experiences disgrace”\n
11:2 zylz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns זָ֭דוֹן 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **presumptuousness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “being presumptuous”
11:2 xgro rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential וַיָּבֹ֣א קָל֑וֹן 1 The word translated **then** at the beginning of this phrase indicates that this event happened after the even described in the previous phrase. Use a natural form in your language for introducing the next event in a sequence of events. Alternate translation: “disgrace comes afterward”
11:2 n8ow rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns קָל֑וֹן & חָכְמָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **disgrace** in [6:33](../06/33.md) and **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
11:3 bg97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תֻּמַּ֣ת יְשָׁרִ֣ים תַּנְחֵ֑ם 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **integrity** as if it were a person who could **guide** a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “When upright ones act with integrity, doing so will enable them to know what to do” or “The integrity of the upright ones is like a guide for them”
11:3 rj24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תֻּמַּ֣ת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **integrity** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
11:3 k9jr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְסֶ֖לֶף בּוֹגְדִ֣ים יְשָׁדֵּֽם 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **crookedness** as if it were a person who could **destroy** a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use similes. Alternate translation: “but when treacherous ones act with crookedness, doing so will destroy them” or “but the crookedness of the treacherous ones is like a person who destroys them”
11:3 cq7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְסֶ֖לֶף 1 See how you translated a similar use of “crooked” in [2:15](../02/15.md).
11:4 wqkk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לֹא־יוֹעִ֣יל ה֭וֹן בְּי֣וֹם עֶבְרָ֑ה וּ֝צְדָקָ֗ה תַּצִּ֥יל מִמָּֽוֶת 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages both of these clauses would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Wealth will not profit you in the day of rage, but righteousness will deliver you from death” or “Wealth will not profit people in the day of rage, but righteousness will deliver people from death”
11:4 sgq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹא־יוֹעִ֣יל 1 See how you translated the same use of **profit** in [3:14](../03/14.md).
11:4 r538 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּי֣וֹם עֶבְרָ֑ה 1 Here, **the day of rage** refers to a time when God will judge wicked people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the day of Yahweh’s judgment”
11:4 fc86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וּ֝צְדָקָ֗ה תַּצִּ֥יל מִמָּֽוֶת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **righteousness** enabling a person to escape **death** as if it were a person who could **deliver** that person **from death**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “but righteousness will enable someone to be delivered from death” or “but righteousness is like someone who delivers a person from death”
11:4 zlmx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ֝צְדָקָ֗ה & מִמָּֽוֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **righteousness** in [1:3](../01/03.md) and **death** in [2:18](../02/18.md).
11:5 lc4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns צִדְקַ֣ת & וּ֝בְרִשְׁעָת֗וֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **righteousness** in [1:3](../01/03.md) and **wickedness** in [4:17](../04/17.md).
11:5 ytaf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun תָּ֭מִים 1 The phrase **a blameless one** represents **blameless** people in general, not one particular **blameless one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any blameless person”
11:5 d5mr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תְּיַשֵּׁ֣ר דַּרְכּ֑וֹ 1 Here, Solomon refers to enabling someone to know what that person should do as making that person’s **way straight**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar idea in [3:6](../03/06.md). Alternate translation: “will cause that person to know what to do”
11:5 lmxk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָשָֽׁע 1 See how you translated this phrase in [9:7](../09/07.md).
11:5 vhe9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִפֹּ֥ל 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone experiencing disaster as if that person were falling down. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will experience disaster”
11:6 v49j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns צִדְקַ֣ת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **righteousness** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
11:6 av1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification צִדְקַ֣ת יְ֭שָׁרִים תַּצִּילֵ֑ם 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **righteousness** enabling a person to escape something as if it were a person who could **deliver** that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. See how you translated a similar expression in [11:4](../11/04.md). Alternate translation: “The righteousness of the upright ones will enable them to be delivered” or “The righteousness of the upright ones is like someone who delivers them”
11:6 koj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִלָּכֵֽדוּ 1 The pronoun **they** here refers to **the treacherous ones**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those treacherous ones will be captured”
11:6 b5vy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִלָּכֵֽדוּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone will capture them”
11:7 zn33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּמ֤וֹת אָדָ֣ם רָ֭שָׁע 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “When a wicked man dies”
11:7 jaln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אָדָ֣ם רָ֭שָׁע 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “a wicked person”
11:7 snm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תֹּאבַ֣ד & אָבָֽדָה 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of **expectation** and **hope** remaining unfulfilled as if they were people who could **perish**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use similes. Alternate translation: “will remain unfulfilled … remains unfulfilled” or “will be like someone who perishes … is like someone who perishes”
11:7 dz8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְתוֹחֶ֖לֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **hope** in [10:28](../10/28.md).
11:7 modb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אוֹנִ֣ים 1 Here, **strong ones** could refer to: (1) people who rely on their own strength to get what they hope for. Alternate translation: “those who rely on their own strength” (2) people who rely on their wealth to get what they hope for. Alternate translation: “those who rely on their wealth”
11:8 rh97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַ֭דִּיק & רָשָׁ֣ע 1 See how you translated **A righteous one** in [9:9](../09/09.md) and **a wicked one** in [9:7](../09/07.md).
11:8 q5ed rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor צַ֭דִּיק מִצָּרָ֣ה נֶחֱלָ֑ץ וַיָּבֹ֖א רָשָׁ֣ע תַּחְתָּֽיו 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of avoiding and experience **distress** as if **distress** were a place that someone could be **drawn away from** or enter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A righteous one is prevented from experiencing distress, but a wicked one experiences it instead of him”
11:8 z4am rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive צַ֭דִּיק & נֶחֱלָ֑ץ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh draws away a righteous one”
11:8 dt68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִצָּרָ֣ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **distress** in [1:27](../01/27.md).
11:8 u873 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וַיָּבֹ֖א רָשָׁ֣ע 1 Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but a wicked one enters distress”
11:9 r7vl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּפֶ֗ה 1 See how you translated the same use of **mouth** in [10:11](../10/11.md).
11:9 ekbj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun חָ֭נֵף 1 The phrase **a godless one** represents **godless** people in general, not one particular **godless one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any godless person”
11:9 d00a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חָ֭נֵף 1 Here, **a godless one** refers to any person who rebels against God or behaves as if God does not exist. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a person who rebels against God”
11:9 p5y0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations רֵעֵ֑הוּ 1 Although the term **his** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person’s neighbor”
11:9 p5mk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ֝בְדַ֗עַת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
11:9 cyae rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ֝בְדַ֗עַת צַדִּיקִ֥ים יֵחָלֵֽצוּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but knowledge will deliver righteous ones”
11:10 f28a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּט֣וּב צַ֭דִּיקִים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the good** things that happen to **the righteous ones**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In the good things that happen to righteous ones” or “When good things happen to the righteous ones”
11:10 hkq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy תַּעֲלֹ֣ץ קִרְיָ֑ה 1 Here, **city** refers to the people who live in a **city**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people of a city exult”
11:10 mdln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּבַאֲבֹ֖ד רְשָׁעִ֣ים רִנָּֽה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and when wicked ones perish, there is a shout of joy” or “and when wicked ones perish, a city gives a shout of joy”
11:11 mx3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בְּבִרְכַּ֣ת יְ֭שָׁרִים תָּר֣וּם קָ֑רֶת וּבְפִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים תֵּהָרֵֽס 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The blessing of the upright ones raises up a city, but the mouth of the wicked ones tears down a city”
11:11 eeiz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּבִרְכַּ֣ת יְ֭שָׁרִים 1 Here, **the blessing of the upright ones** could refer to: (1) **the blessing** that **the upright ones** give to **a city**. Alternate translation: “With the blessing given by the upright ones” (2) **the blessing** that God gives **the upright ones**. Alternate translation: “With the blessing God gives the upright ones”
11:11 sim1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תָּר֣וּם קָ֑רֶת 1 Here, Solomon refers to **a city** becoming great as if it were **raised up**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a city is made great”
11:11 p4sd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּבְפִ֥י 1 See how you translated the same use of **mouth** in [10:11](../10/11.md).
11:11 d0z9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy תֵּהָרֵֽס 1 Here, Solomon uses **a city** being **torn down** to refer to it being destroyed, which could include tearing **down** its walls and buildings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a city is destroyed”
11:12 z5t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָּז־לְרֵעֵ֥הוּ 1 Contrasting this clause with the second clause indicates that Solomon is referring to someone who **despises his neighbor** by what he says. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “One who vocally despises his neighbor” or “One who despises his neighbor in what he says”
11:12 l0yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations לְרֵעֵ֥הוּ & וְאִ֖ישׁ תְּבוּנ֣וֹת 1 Although **he** and **man** are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that could refer to either a man or woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person’s neighbor … but a person of understanding”\n
11:12 dj0z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חֲסַר־לֵ֑ב 1 See how you translated this phrase in [6:32](../06/32.md).\n
11:12 wdiz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְאִ֖ישׁ תְּבוּנ֣וֹת 1 See how you translated **a man of understanding** in [10:23](../10/23.md).
11:13 yb2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj רָ֭כִיל 1 Solomon is using the adjective **gossip** as a noun to mean “someone who gossips.” Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “Someone who gossips”
11:13 en2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְגַלֶּה 1 Here, Solomon refers to revealing **secret** information as if that information were a hidden object that people were **uncovering**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “speaking about”
11:13 s2og rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְנֶאֱמַן־ר֝֗וּחַ 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe someone who is characterized by being **faithful**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “but a faithful one”\n
11:14 xqvv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּאֵ֣ין תַּ֭חְבֻּלוֹת & וּ֝תְשׁוּעָ֗ה בְּרֹ֣ב יוֹעֵֽץ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **directions**, **salvation**, **abundance**, and **counsel**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **abundance** in [5:23](../05/23.md) and **counsel** in [1:25](../01/25.md). Alternate translation: “When no one directs … but many people counseling someone will save that person”
11:14 j012 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִפָּל 1 See how you translated the same use of “fall” in [11:5](../11/05.md).
11:14 a9wq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ֝תְשׁוּעָ֗ה בְּרֹ֣ב יוֹעֵֽץ 1 Here, Solomon is speaking of **salvation** as if it were an object that could be found **in an abundance of counsel**. He means that **an abundance of counsel** can result in **salvation**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but salvation is the result of an abundance of counsel”
11:15 ir1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations עָ֣רַב 1 Although the term **he** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “one pledged for” or “that person pledges for”
11:15 j2ce rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עָ֣רַב 1 See how you translated the same use of “pledge” in [6:1](../06/01.md).
11:15 z46f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction תֹקְעִ֣ים 1 The function of this action in this culture was to confirm a contractual agreement with someone. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation, or you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar phrase “clasp your palms” in [6:1](../06/01.md). Alternate translation: “shaking hands to confirm an agreement” or “confirming an agreement”\n
11:16 uqha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אֵֽשֶׁת־חֵ֭ן 1 Here, **woman** refers to a type of **woman** in general, not one particular **woman**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any woman of grace”
11:16 bvh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֵֽשֶׁת־חֵ֭ן 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **woman** who is characterized by **grace**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A woman who is gracious”
11:16 qm22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִּתְמֹ֣ךְ & יִתְמְכוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of people obtaining **honor** and **riches** as if they were objects that someone could **grasp**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will obtain … will obtain”
11:16 h7rd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns כָּב֑וֹד 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **honor** in [3:16](../03/16.md).
11:16 ojz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִתְמְכוּ־עֹֽשֶׁר 1 Solomon contrasts this clause from the previous clause in order to imply that **riches** are not as important as **honor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will merely grasp riches”
11:17 du8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations גֹּמֵ֣ל נַ֭פְשׁוֹ אִ֣ישׁ חָ֑סֶד & שְׁ֝אֵר֗וֹ 1 Although **man** and **his** are masculine, Solomon is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “A person of covenant faithfulness deals fully with that person’s soul … that person’s flesh”
11:17 b60p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אִ֣ישׁ חָ֑סֶד 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who is characterized by **covenant faithfulness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A man who has covenant faithfulness”
11:17 dxp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom גֹּמֵ֣ל 1 Here, the phrase **deals fully** refers to rewarding or benefiting someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “rewards”
11:17 acrd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche נַ֭פְשׁוֹ & שְׁ֝אֵר֗וֹ 1 Here, **soul** and **flesh** refer to people who have a **soul** and **flesh**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.\n
11:17 ehrk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אַכְזָרִֽי 1 The phrase **a cruel one** represents cruel people in general, not one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any cruel person”
11:18 c37s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָשָׁ֗ע 1 See how you translated this phrase in [9:7](../09/07.md).
11:18 fjg0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession פְעֻלַּת־שָׁ֑קֶר & שֶׂ֣כֶר אֱמֶֽת 1 In this verse, Solomon is using possessive forms to describe a **wage** that is characterized by **falsehood** and to describe a **wage** that is characterized by **truth**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use different expressions. Alternate translation: “a false wage … a true wage”
11:18 k8u1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פְעֻלַּת־שָׁ֑קֶר & שֶׂ֣כֶר אֱמֶֽת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of results or rewards as if they were a **wage**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a false reward … a true reward”
11:18 rfix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְזֹרֵ֥עַ צְ֝דָקָ֗ה שֶׂ֣כֶר אֱמֶֽת 1 Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “makes a wage of truth”\n
11:18 imr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְזֹרֵ֥עַ צְ֝דָקָ֗ה 1 Here, Solomon refers to doing righteous deeds as if one were sowing seeds in a field. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but one who does righteous deeds”
11:19 ibb6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis כֵּן־צְדָקָ֥ה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words in this clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the next clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Pursuing veritable righteousness” or “Behaving with veritable righteousness”\n
11:19 w39m rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לְחַיִּ֑ים & לְמוֹתֽוֹ 1 In this verse, **is to** indicates that what follows is the result of the preceding phrase. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “leads to life … leads him to death”\n
11:19 s86d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְחַיִּ֑ים 1 See how you translated the same use of **life** in [10:16](../10/16.md).
11:19 un2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּמְרַדֵּ֖ף רָעָ֣ה 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone who eagerly does **evil** as if that person were pursuing it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but one who eagerly does evil”
11:19 ey2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְמוֹתֽוֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **death** in [2:18](../02/18.md).
11:20 r5lt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [3:32](../03/32.md).
11:20 rvki rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עִקְּשֵׁי 1 See how you translated the same use of **crooked** in [2:15](../02/15.md).
11:20 vxth rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֵ֑ב 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
11:20 spnb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ֝רְצוֹנ֗וֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **delight** in [8:30](../08/30.md).
11:20 rrdd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession תְּמִ֣ימֵי דָֽרֶךְ 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **way** that is characterized by being **blameless**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is those whose way is blameless”
11:20 p8r5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דָֽרֶךְ 1 See how you translated the same use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
11:21 gum3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יָ֣ד לְ֭יָד 1 This phrase is an idiom that refers to something being certain. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “As sure as the sun comes up” or “Assuredly”
11:21 kwnz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָּ֑ע 1 See how you translated this phrase in [9:7](../09/07.md).
11:21 gh2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹא־יִנָּ֣קֶה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [6:29](../06/29.md).
11:21 ckyd rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns וְזֶ֖רַע 1 Here, the word **seed** is singular in form, but it refers to all seeds as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “but the seeds of”
11:21 kk9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְזֶ֖רַע 1 Here, Solomon refers to the descendants of **the righteous ones** as if they were **the seed** of a plant. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the descendants of”\n
11:21 cqgr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נִמְלָֽט 1 Here, Solomon implies **escape** from punishment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will escape punishment” or “will not be punished”
11:22 qn7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure נֶ֣זֶם זָ֭הָב בְּאַ֣ף חֲזִ֑יר אִשָּׁ֥ה יָ֝פָ֗ה וְסָ֣רַת טָֽעַם 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “A beautiful woman that turns away from discretion is a ring of gold in the nose of a pig”
11:22 y2me rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נֶ֣זֶם זָ֭הָב בְּאַ֣ף חֲזִ֑יר אִשָּׁ֥ה יָ֝פָ֗ה וְסָ֣רַת טָֽעַם 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of how inappropriate it is for a **beautiful woman** to not have **discretion** as if that **woman** were a **ring of gold** in a pig’s **nose**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a simile. Alternate translation: “A beautiful woman that turns away from discretion is inappropriate, like a ring of gold in the nose of a pig”
11:22 lnjp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חֲזִ֑יר 1 A **pig** is an animal that is considered to be unclean and disgusting by Jews and many cultures of the Ancient Near East. Therefore, it would be very inappropriate for a **pig** to have **a ring of gold** in its **nose**. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of animal, you could use the name of a similar disgusting animal in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a disgusting animal”\n
11:22 fe2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְסָ֣רַת טָֽעַם 1 Here, Solomon speaks of refusing to act with **discretion** as if the person were turning **away** from it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that does not act with discretion”\n
11:22 utzq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns טָֽעַם 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **discretion** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
11:23 rzak rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תַּאֲוַ֣ת צַדִּיקִ֣ים אַךְ־ט֑וֹב תִּקְוַ֖ת רְשָׁעִ֣ים עֶבְרָֽה 1 This verse could mean: (1) **The desire** of **righteous** people results in what is **good**, but **the expectation** of **wicked** people results in **rage**. Alternate translation: “The desire of the righteous ones leads only to good; the expectation of the wicked ones leads to rage” (2) **righteous** people **only desire** what is **good**, but **wicked** people expect anger. Alternate translation: “The righteous ones only desire good; the wicked ones expect rage”
11:23 bqva rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast תִּקְוַ֖ת רְשָׁעִ֣ים עֶבְרָֽה 1 This clause is a strong contrast with the previous clause. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by contrast, the expectation of the wicked ones is rage”\n
11:23 wwdu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֶבְרָֽה 1 Here, **rage** could refer to: (1) Yahweh’s wrath. Alternate translation: “is the wrath of Yahweh” (2) the wrath of other people. Alternate translation: “is the wrath of other people”
11:23 unoz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עֶבְרָֽה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **rage**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “is being enraged” or “enrages”
11:24 wlh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis יֵ֣שׁ מְ֭פַזֵּר וְנוֹסָ֥ף ע֑וֹד 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. The context is about a person sharing what they have with others. Alternate translation: “There is one who scatters what he has and adds more to what he has”
11:24 vwny rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מְ֭פַזֵּר & וְחוֹשֵׂ֥ךְ 1 In this verse, **one** refers to **one** type of person. It does not mean that there is only **one** person who does each of these two things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a type of person who scatters … but a type of person who withholds”
11:24 o9r8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְנוֹסָ֥ף ע֑וֹד 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of what was stated in the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a result. Alternate translation: “and it results in that person having more”\n
11:24 x97i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְחוֹשֵׂ֥ךְ מִ֝יֹּ֗שֶׁר 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. The context is about a person not sharing what they have with others. Alternate translation: “but one who withholds from those in need more of what he has than is right”
11:24 p1q7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result אַךְ־לְמַחְסֽוֹר 1 Here, **for** introduces the result of what was stated earlier in the clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a result. Alternate translation: “will only lack as a result”
11:25 xagi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נֶֽפֶשׁ & וּ֝מַרְוֶ֗ה & ה֥וּא 1 In this verse, **A life**, **the one**, and **he** refer to types of people in general. They do not refer to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Any life of … and any person who drenches, that person”
11:25 q9vb נֶֽפֶשׁ־בְּרָכָ֥ה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **life** that is characterized by **blessing**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A life that blesses”
11:25 azqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy נֶֽפֶשׁ 1 Here, **life** refers to the person himself. See how you translated the same use of **life** in [8:36](../08/36.md).
11:25 isim rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּרָכָ֥ה 1 Here, Solomon implies **blessing** other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “blessing other people”
11:25 lf1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תְדֻשָּׁ֑ן & יוֹרֶֽא 1 If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will fatten … Yahweh will drench”
11:25 xmj0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תְדֻשָּׁ֑ן 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person becoming prosperous as if they were **fattened**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will become prosperous”
11:25 sglx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ֝מַרְוֶ֗ה גַּם־ה֥וּא יוֹרֶֽא 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone giving and receiving a generous amount of water as if that person were drenching others with water and being **drenched**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning carefully. Alternate translation: “and the one who freely gives water to others will also freely receive water”
11:26 eb69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מֹ֣נֵֽעַ & יִקְּבֻ֣הוּ & מַשְׁבִּֽיר 1 In this verse, **One**, **him**, and **the seller** refer to types of people in general. They do not refer to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Any person who withholds … will curse that person … any seller”
11:26 fuax rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֹ֣נֵֽעַ בָּ֭ר 1 Here, Solomon implies that this person selfishly **withholds grain** in order to sell it later for a greater profit. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “One who selfishly withholds grain”
11:26 h1qp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וּ֝בְרָכָ֗ה לְרֹ֣אשׁ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [10:6](../10/06.md).
11:26 dvu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַשְׁבִּֽיר 1 Here, Solomon implies that **the seller** sells **grain**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the one who sells grain”
11:27 gt1o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun שֹׁ֣חֵֽר & וְדֹרֵ֖שׁ & תְבוֹאֶֽנּוּ 1 In this verse, **One who diligently seeks**, **one who search for**, and **him** refer to types of people in general. They do not refer to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Any person who diligently seeks … but any person who searches for … it will come to that person”
11:27 k983 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שֹׁ֣חֵֽר & וְדֹרֵ֖שׁ 1 In this verse, Solomon refers to people trying to do **good** and trying to do **evil** as if **good** and **evil** were objects that someone **seeks** or **searches for**. If it would be helpful in your language you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “One who diligently tries to do good … but one who tries to do evil”
11:27 k6ug rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ט֭וֹב & רָצ֑וֹן & רָעָ֣ה 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **good**, **favor**, and **evil**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “what is good … to be favored … what is evil”
11:27 z1tk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יְבַקֵּ֣שׁ רָצ֑וֹן 1 Solomon implies that the one **who diligently seeks good** also **seeks favor** and receives it from Yahweh and other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “finds favor from Yahweh and people”
11:27 vzfw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תְבוֹאֶֽנּוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone experiencing **evil** as if **evil** were a person who could **come** to that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly Alternate translation: “he will experience it” or “it will happen to him”
11:28 c636 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בּוֹטֵ֣חַ בְּ֭עָשְׁרוֹ ה֣וּא יִפֹּ֑ל 1 **One**, **his**, and **he** in this verse refer to a type of person in general. They do not refer to a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Any person who trusts in that person’s own riches, that person will fall”
11:28 kny5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns ה֣וּא יִפֹּ֑ל 1 Solomon uses the word **himself** to emphasize who **will fall**. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this emphasis. Alternate translation: “that very person will fall”
11:28 q218 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ה֣וּא יִפֹּ֑ל 1 See how you translated the same use of **fall** in [11:5](../11/05.md).
11:28 p1e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וְ֝כֶעָלֶ֗ה צַדִּיקִ֥ים יִפְרָֽחוּ 1 Solomon is saying that **righteous ones** are like **a leaf** that sprouts out of a plant because they prosper and thrive. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “but righteous ones prosper like a leaf sprouts and grows”
11:28 mf6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֝כֶעָלֶ֗ה 1 Here, Solomon refers to a green **leaf** that is growing, rather than a fallen or withered leaf. If it would be helpful in your language, or if you language uses different words for a fresh or withered leaf, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but like a healthy leaf”
11:29 qggj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עוֹכֵ֣ר בֵּ֭יתוֹ 1 **One** and **his** in this verse refer to a type of person in general. They do not refer to a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Any person who troubles that person’s own house”
11:29 f3z5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בֵּ֭יתוֹ 1 Here, **house** represents the family who lives in **his house**. See how you translated the same use of **house** in [3:33](../03/33.md).
11:29 p1pb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִנְחַל־ר֑וּחַ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **wind** as if it were property that someone could **inherit**. He means that someone **who troubles his house** will not **inherit** anything. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will inherit nothing”
11:29 n7ak rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לַחֲכַם־לֵֽב 1 See how you translated **wise of heart** in [10:8](../10/08.md).
11:30 q7ul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession פְּֽרִי־צַ֭דִּיק 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **fruit** that is produced by **the righteous one**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “The fruit produced by the righteous one”
11:30 wt50 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פְּֽרִי 1 Here, Solomon refers to what **righteous** people do as if it were **fruit**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The deeds of”
11:30 bcng rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַ֭דִּיק & וְלֹקֵ֖חַ נְפָשׂ֣וֹת 1 In this verse, **the righteous one** and **the taker of souls** refer to types of people in general. They do not refer to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. See how you translated **the righteous one** in [10:3](../10/03.md). Alternate translation: “any righteous person … and any person who takes souls”
11:30 hlz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֵ֣ץ חַיִּ֑ים 1 See how you translated this phrase in [3:18](../03/18.md).
11:30 azis rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants וְלֹקֵ֖חַ נְפָשׂ֣וֹת חָכָֽם 1 Some ancient translations translate this clause as “and the one who takes away lives is violent.” That would be indicating that this clause refers to violent people who kill others, which is in contrast with the type of person described in the previous clause. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of ULT.\n
11:30 b3eo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְלֹקֵ֖חַ נְפָשׂ֣וֹת 1 Here, **taker of souls** refers to someone who influences other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the one who influences others”
11:31 s8p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הֵ֣ן 1 See how you translated the same use of **Behold** in [1:23](../01/23.md).\n
11:31 vmnq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַ֭דִּיק & רָשָׁ֥ע וְחוֹטֵֽא 1 In this verse, **a righteous one**, **a wicked one**, and **a sinner** refer to types of people in general. They do not refer to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. See how you translated **a righteous one** in [9:9](../09/09.md) and **a wicked one** in [9:7](../09/07.md). Alternate translation: “any righteous person … any wicked person and any sinner”
11:31 q0g2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָּאָ֣רֶץ 1 Here, **the land** refers to the earth in general. It does not refer to the land of Israel, as it does in [2:21–22](../02/21.md) and [10:30](../10/30.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the earth”
11:31 leti rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יְשֻׁלָּ֑ם 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will repay”
11:31 x6ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְשֻׁלָּ֑ם 1 Here, Solomon refers to people receiving what they deserve for their actions as if they were being **repaid** for what they have done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will receive what is due to them”
11:31 wlsw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אַ֝֗ף כִּֽי־רָשָׁ֥ע וְחוֹטֵֽא 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “how much more will a wicked one and a sinner be repaid”
12:intro x2lg 0 # Proverbs 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 12 continues the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Contrasting parallelism\n\nExcept for [12:7](../12/07.md), [14](../12/14.md), [28](../12/28.md), all the proverbs in this chapter consist of two parallel clauses that contrast with each other.
12:1 ktr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מ֭וּסָר & דָּ֑עַת & תוֹכַ֣חַת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **correction** in [3:11](../03/11.md), **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md), and **rebuke** in [1:25](../01/25.md).
12:2 rz0a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun ט֗וֹב 1 **A good one** here does not refer to a specific person, but refers to this type of person in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “Any good person”\n
12:2 b11m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָ֭צוֹן 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **favor** in [3:4](../03/04.md).
12:2 z6x0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְאִ֖ישׁ 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that could refer to either a man or woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “but a person of”\n
12:2 yy0n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְאִ֖ישׁ מְזִמּ֣וֹת 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who makes **schemes**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “but a man who schemes”
12:3 jf61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אָדָ֣ם 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that could refer to either a man or woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “A person”
12:3 nly2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹא־יִכּ֣וֹן & בַּל־יִמּֽוֹט 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will not establish himself … nobody will shake”
12:3 h4n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹא־יִכּ֣וֹן 1 Here, the word translated as **established** refers to having a stable and secure life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will not be secure”
12:3 qpmv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּרֶ֑שַׁע 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **wickedness** in [4:17](../04/17.md).
12:3 md5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְשֹׁ֥רֶשׁ צַ֝דִּיקִ֗ים בַּל־יִמּֽוֹט 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone’s life remaining secure as if that person’s security was a **root** that could **not be shaken**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the security of the righteous ones will not end” or “but the security of the righteous ones will remain”
12:4 n7wf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֵֽשֶׁת־חַ֭יִל 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **wife** that is characterized by **worth**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A worthy wife”
12:4 wh4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֲטֶ֣רֶת בַּעְלָ֑הּ 1 Here, Solomon refers to a woman causing her husband to be honored as if she were his **crown**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “is a sign of great honor for her husband” or “honors her husband as if she were his crown”
12:4 ced6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וּכְרָקָ֖ב בְּעַצְמוֹתָ֣יו מְבִישָֽׁה 1 Solomon is saying that a woman **who causes shame** for her husband is like **rottenness in his bones** because she gradually ruins his life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but she who causes shame is what makes his life miserable”
12:4 n1gd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּכְרָקָ֖ב בְּעַצְמוֹתָ֣יו 1 Here, **rottenness** refers to a disease like cancer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is like cancer in his bones”
12:4 bdlp rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּעַצְמוֹתָ֣יו 1 Here, the pronoun **his** refers to the husband of the woman **who causes shame**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in her husband’s bones”
12:5 ncfg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִשְׁפָּ֑ט 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **justice** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
12:5 mrn0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast תַּחְבֻּל֖וֹת רְשָׁעִ֣ים מִרְמָֽה 1 This clause is a strong contrast with the previous clause. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by contrast, the directions of the wicked ones are deceit”\n
12:6 sw3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דִּבְרֵ֣י & וּפִ֥י 1 See how you translated the same use of **words** in [1:23](../01/23.md) and **mouth** in [10:11](../10/11.md).
12:6 n6s7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification אֱרָב־דָּ֑ם 1 Here, Solomon refers to **the wicked ones** saying things that will cause others to be killed as if what they say is a person who waits to ambush someone on the road. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. See how you translated this phrase in [1:11](../01/11.md). Alternate translation: “result in people dying” or “are like someone who lies in wait to murder someone”
12:6 au1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יַצִּילֵֽם 1 Here, Solomon refers to **the upright ones** rescuing themselves from trouble through what they say as if what they say were a person who could **deliver them**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will result in them delivering themselves”
12:7 qw8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הָפ֣וֹךְ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The word **overthrown** here refers to being ruined or destroyed. Alternate translation: “Wicked people experience destruction”
12:7 t5c3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּבֵ֖ית 1 See how you translated the same use of **house** in [3:33](../03/33.md).
12:7 krk8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַעֲמֹֽד 1 Here, Solomon refers to the families of **the righteous ones** continuing to exist as if they were a **house** that would continue to **stand**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will remain” or “will keep on existing”
12:8 fxg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לְֽפִי 1 **For the mouth of** is an idiom that means “According to.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “In proportion to”
12:8 wa5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations שִׂ֭כְלוֹ & אִ֑ישׁ 1 Although **his** and **man** are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “that person’s insight that person”
12:8 z31b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns שִׂ֭כְלוֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **insight** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
12:8 hfu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יְהֻלַּל־אִ֑ישׁ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will praise that man”
12:8 hq69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְנַעֲוֵה־לֵ֝֗ב 1 Here Solomon is speaking of people who think wrongly as if they have a **twisted** **heart**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but one who thinks wrongly”
12:8 eq1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִהְיֶ֥ה לָבֽוּז 1 Here, Solomon implies that people will have **contempt** for this type of person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will be held in contempt” or “will be despised by people”
12:9 k522 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נִ֭קְלֶה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one whom others dishonor”
12:9 v47i rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְעֶ֣בֶד ל֑וֹ & וַחֲסַר־לָֽחֶם 1 In both of these phrases, **and** indicates that what follows is in contrast to what precedes it. In your translation, indicate this contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but has a servant … but is lacking of bread”
12:9 d86j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לָֽחֶם 1 See how you translated the same use of **bread** in [9:5](../09/05.md).
12:10 uxx4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַ֭דִּיק 1 See how you translated this phrase in [9:9](../09/09.md).
12:10 wni1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יוֹדֵ֣עַ & נֶ֣פֶשׁ 1 Here, the phrase **knows the life** refers to being concerned with the wellbeing of one’s **animal**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is concerned with the wellbeing of” or “cares about the life of”
12:10 mmog rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּהֶמְתּ֑וֹ 1 Although the term **his** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person’s animal”
12:10 mqot rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְֽרַחֲמֵ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **compassion**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “but something compassionate that wicked people do”
12:11 wl9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לָ֑חֶם 1 See how you translated the same use of **bread** in [9:5](../09/05.md).
12:11 dd6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֹבֵ֣ד אַ֭דְמָתוֹ 1 This phrase refers to a farmer who plants, cultivates, and harvests crops on **his ground**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly or you could use a general expression for working hard. Alternate translation: “a farmer who cultivates his land” or “someone who works hard at their job”
12:11 xsga rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אַ֭דְמָתוֹ 1 Although the term **his** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person’s ground”
12:11 ipcr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רֵיקִ֣ים 1 Here, Solomon refers to worthless things that people do as if they were **empty** containers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “worthless activities”
12:11 a0v1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חֲסַר־לֵֽב 1 See how you translated **lacking of heart** in [6:32](../06/32.md).
12:12 b6y1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָ֭שָׁע 1 See how you translated this phrase in [9:7](../09/07.md).
12:12 hy7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מְצ֣וֹד 1 Here, Solomon refers to what **the evil ones** catch in a **snare** as if it were the **snare** itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the plunder of”
12:12 j853 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְשֹׁ֖רֶשׁ צַדִּיקִ֣ים 1 See how you translated this phrase in [12:3](../12/03.md).
12:12 npcz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִתֵּֽן 1 Here, Solomon uses **give** to refer to producing something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will produce fruit” or “will be productive”
12:13 rwf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּפֶ֣שַׁע שְׂ֭פָתַיִם 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **lips** that are characterized by **transgression**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In the lips that speak transgression” or “In the lips that speak transgression”
12:13 fmze rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שְׂ֭פָתַיִם 1 See how you translated the same use of **lips** in [10:18](../10/18.md).
12:13 ak1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מוֹקֵ֣שׁ רָ֑ע 1 Here, Solomon refers to the disasters that **the evil one** experiences because of what he says as if it were a **snare** he was trapped in. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is what destroys an evil one”
12:13 dwqo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָ֑ע & צַדִּֽיק 1 See how you translated **the righteous one** in [10:16](../10/16.md) and **the wicked one** in [3:33](../03/33.md).
12:13 s16y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַיֵּצֵ֖א מִצָּרָ֣ה צַדִּֽיק 1 Here, Solomon refers to avoiding **distress** as if it were a place that one could **go out from**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the righteous one will avoid distress”
12:13 nuzm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִצָּרָ֣ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **distress** in [1:27](../01/27.md).\n
12:14 owwa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִפְּרִ֣י פִי־אִ֭ישׁ 1 Here, Solomon refers to what a person says as if it were **fruit** from that person’s **mouth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “From what a man says”\n
12:14 vkix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִ֭ישׁ יִשְׂבַּע & אָ֝דָ֗ם יָשִׁ֥יב לֽוֹ 1 Although **a man**, **he**, and **him** are masculine, Solomon is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “a person will that person be satisfied with … a person will return to that person”
12:14 kaag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מִפְּרִ֣י פִי־אִ֭ישׁ יִשְׂבַּע־ט֑וֹב 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “The fruit of the mouth of a man will satisfy him with good”
12:14 mxho rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ט֑וֹב 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **good** in [11:27](../11/27.md).
12:14 z5v9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּגְמ֥וּל יְדֵי־אָ֝דָ֗ם 1 Here, Solomon refers to what a person accomplishes through physical labor as if it were the **accomplishment** of that person’s **hands**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and what a man accomplishes through physical labor”
12:14 xt3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יָשִׁ֥יב לֽוֹ 1 Here, Solomon refers to the benefits that a person receives as a result of working hard as if that **accomplishment** were a person who could **return to him**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will benefit him”
12:15 g1od rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דֶּ֣רֶךְ 1 See how you translated this use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
12:15 lr2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יָשָׁ֣ר בְּעֵינָ֑יו 1 See how you translated the same use of **eyes** in [3:7](../03/07.md).
12:15 wlp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְעֵצָ֣ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **counsel** in [1:25](../01/25.md).
12:16 xpnt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations כַּעְס֑וֹ 1 Although the term **his** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person’s anger”
12:16 ydmg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns כַּעְס֑וֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **anger**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “when he is angry”
12:16 n8pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִוָּדַ֣ע 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people know”
12:16 gfvd בַּ֭יּוֹם 1 Alternate translation: “on the same day” or “right away”
12:16 e5k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְכֹסֶ֖ה 1 See how you translated the same use of **covers** in [10:6](../10/06.md).\n
12:16 f1gx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns קָל֣וֹן 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **dishonor** in [3:35](../03/35.md).
12:17 oy5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations יָפִ֣יחַ 1 Although the term **He** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “A person who breathes out”\n
12:17 zuz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יָפִ֣יחַ 1 See how you translated the same use of **breathes out** in [6:19](../06/19.md).
12:17 azjn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֱ֭מוּנָה יַגִּ֣יד צֶ֑דֶק & שְׁקָרִ֣ים מִרְמָֽה 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **faithfulness** and **righteousness**, **falsehoods**, and **deceit**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “what is faithful tells what is righteous … false things, what is deceitful”
12:17 r0fd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְעֵ֖ד שְׁקָרִ֣ים מִרְמָֽה 1 Solomon is leaving out a word in this clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but a witness of falsehoods tells deceit”\n
12:17 mtnz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְעֵ֖ד שְׁקָרִ֣ים 1 Although**a witness** here is singular, it refers to any **witness of falsehoods** in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different form. Alternate translation: “but any witness of falsehoods”\n
12:17 n20u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְעֵ֖ד שְׁקָרִ֣ים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **witness** who speaks **falsehoods**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “but a witness who speaks falsehoods”
12:18 xuou rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בּ֭וֹטֶה 1 Here, **one** refers to **one** type of person. It does not mean that there is only **one** person who does this thing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a type of person who speaks thoughtlessly”\n
12:18 k26n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּמַדְקְר֣וֹת חָ֑רֶב 1 Solomon is saying that what people who speak **thoughtlessly** say is **like the thrusts of a sword** because it hurts people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and hurt others as if he stabbed them with a sword”
12:18 keo3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וּלְשׁ֖וֹן 1 The word **tongue** represents tongues in general, not one particular **tongue**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “but the tongues of”
12:18 gzdu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּלְשׁ֖וֹן 1 See how you translated the same use of **tongue** in [6:17](../06/17.md).
12:19 wm6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun שְֽׂפַת 1 Here, the word **lip** represents lips in general, not one particular **lip**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Lips of”
12:19 vhel rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שְֽׂפַת 1 Here, **lip** refers to what people say by moving their lips. See how you translated the same use of “lips” in [10:18](../10/18.md).
12:19 dsad rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שְֽׂפַת־אֱ֭מֶת 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **lip** that speaks **truth**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A lip that speaks truth” or “True sayings”
12:19 r5ql rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּכּ֣וֹן 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will exist”
12:19 rlc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לָעַ֑ד 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **perpetuity**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “perpetually”
12:19 opmz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְעַד־אַ֝רְגִּ֗יעָה לְשׁ֣וֹן שָֽׁקֶר 1 Solomon is leaving out a word in this clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but a tongue of falsehood will be established for as long as I would blink” or “but a tongue of falsehood will exist for as long as I would blink”
12:19 ftu0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְשׁ֣וֹן שָֽׁקֶר 1 See how you translated this phrase in [6:17](../06/17.md).
12:19 e5v9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְעַד־אַ֝רְגִּ֗יעָה 1 The phrase **as long as I would blink** is an idiom that refers to a short amount of time. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but … in the blink of an eye” or “but … for a brief time”
12:20 xs9w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִ֭רְמָה & רָ֑ע & שָׁל֣וֹם שִׂמְחָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **Deceit** in [11:1](../11/01.md), **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md), **joy** in [10:28](../10/28.md), and **peace** in [3:1](../03/01.md).
12:20 o3fw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּלֶב 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
12:20 l6zw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּֽלְיֹעֲצֵ֖י שָׁל֣וֹם שִׂמְחָֽה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **advisers** who advise others to do what results in **peace**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “but joy is for people who advise others to do what will result in peace”
12:21 d4zt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אָ֑וֶן 1 Here, **iniquity** refers to harm that someone might experience as a result of **iniquity**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “harm”
12:21 m6wp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹא־יְאֻנֶּ֣ה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not allow to happen”
12:21 rfa5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לַצַּדִּ֣יק 1 See how you translated **the righteous one** in [10:16](../10/16.md).
12:21 t0jj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מָ֣לְאוּ רָֽע 1 The phrase **full of evil** could mean: (1) the **wicked ones** experience much evil. Alternate translation: “experience much evil” (2) the **wicked ones** do much evil. Alternate translation: “do much evil”
12:21 jc9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy רָֽע 1 Here, **evil** refers to trouble that someone might experience as a result of **evil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “trouble”
12:22 x3ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [3:32](../03/32.md).
12:22 b9zs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שִׂפְתֵי־שָׁ֑קֶר 1 See how you translated this phrase in [10:18](../10/18.md).
12:22 qwxv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֱמוּנָ֣ה רְצוֹנֽוֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **faithfulness** in [12:17](../12/17.md) and **delight** in [8:30](../08/30.md).
12:23 eeau rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אָדָ֣ם עָ֭רוּם 1 Although **man** is masculine, here it refers to any **prudent** person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “A prudent person”\n
12:23 qi9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כֹּ֣סֶה 1 See how you translated the same use of **covers** in [10:6](../10/06.md).\n
12:23 v32y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns דָּ֑עַת & אִוֶּֽלֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md) and **folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md).
12:23 frtb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְלֵ֥ב כְּ֝סִילִ֗ים 1 Here, **heart** refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the stupid ones”\n
12:24 j53h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche יַד־חָרוּצִ֥ים 1 See how you translated the same phrase in [10:4](../10/04.md).
12:24 ymw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun ו֝רְמִיָּ֗ה 1 Although **an idle one** here is singular, it refers to all **idle** people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different form. Alternate translation: “any idle person”\n
12:25 qts2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns דְּאָגָ֣ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **Concern**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “What is concerning”
12:25 vuie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְלֶב 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
12:25 bd10 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִ֣ישׁ 1 Although **man** is masculine, here it refers to any person in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a person”\n
12:25 n82f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַשְׁחֶ֑נָּה 1 Here, Solomon refers to **Concern** making a person depressed as if it were something that **weighs down** a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes the heart of a man to become sad”
12:25 z6n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְדָבָ֖ר ט֣וֹב 1 Here, Solomon uses the phrase **good word** to describe something kind that someone says by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but kind words that someone speaks”\n
12:26 ujm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַדִּ֑יק 1 See how you translated this phrase in [9:9](../09/09.md).
12:26 aku2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יָתֵ֣ר מֵרֵעֵ֣הוּ 1 This could mean: (1) **A righteous one** guides **his neighbor**. Alternate translation: “guides his neighbor” (2) **A righteous one** carefully examines a person before choosing that person to be **his neighbor**. Alternate translation: “examines carefully whom he chooses to be his neighbor”
12:26 dh4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations מֵרֵעֵ֣הוּ 1 Although the term **his** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “from that person’s neighbor”\n
12:26 d18w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְדֶ֖רֶךְ רְשָׁעִ֣ים 1 See how you translated **the way of the wicked ones** in [4:19](../04/19.md).
12:26 mr1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תַּתְעֵֽם 1 Here, Solomon refers to **wicked ones** deliberately doing what wicked things that will result in their destruction as if their behavior is a person who leads them **astray**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar meaning for **astray** in [10:17](../10/17.md). Alternate translation: “will cause them to do what will result in their destruction”\n
12:27 t7lm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רְמִיָּ֣ה 1 **A negligent one** here does not refer to a specific person, but refers to a type of person in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “Any negligent one”\n
12:27 gdt7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹא־יַחֲרֹ֣ךְ & צֵיד֑וֹ 1 Here, **game** refers to animals that someone has hunted and killed in order to eat their meat. And “roast” refers to cooking food over a fire. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will not use fire to cook the meat from the animals he has hunted”
12:27 nepd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהוֹן־אָדָ֖ם יָקָ֣ר חָרֽוּץ 1 This could mean: (1) **a diligent one** will acquire **precious** **wealth**. Alternate translation: “but a diligent one will acquire precious wealth” (2) **a diligent one** considers his **wealth** to be **precious**. Alternate translation: “but a diligent one’s wealth is precious to him”
12:27 vz9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אָדָ֖ם & חָרֽוּץ 1 Here, **a man** and **a diligent one** do not refer to a specific person, but refer to a type of person in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “any person … for any diligent person”
12:28 mogk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism בְּאֹֽרַח־צְדָקָ֥ה חַיִּ֑ים וְדֶ֖רֶךְ נְתִיבָ֣ה אַל־מָֽוֶת 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “In the path of righteousness is life, yes, the way of the beaten path is not death”\n
12:28 wiv0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּאֹֽרַח־צְדָקָ֥ה 1 See how you translated **the path of righteousness** in [8:20](../08/20.md).
12:28 cf0m rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result חַיִּ֑ים & אַל־מָֽוֶת 1 In this verse, **is** indicates that what follows is the result of the preceding phrase. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “results in life … results in no death”\n
12:28 ihyn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חַיִּ֑ים 1 See how you translated the same use of **life** in [10:16](../10/16.md).
12:28 y24r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְדֶ֖רֶךְ נְתִיבָ֣ה 1 Here, Solomon uses the possessive form to indicate that **the way** is **the beaten path**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and the way that is the beaten path”
12:28 h4sg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְדֶ֖רֶךְ נְתִיבָ֣ה 1 Here, **the way of the beaten path** refers to **the path of righteousness** in the previous clause. Solomon refers to living righteously as if one were walking on a **beaten path** that is safe because it was made well. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and living righteously”
12:28 d3it rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַל־מָֽוֶת 1 Here, **no death** could refer to: (1) a person not dying earlier than expected, which is the opposite way of saying the same idea used for **life** in the previous clause. Alternate translation: “is not dying early” (2) a person having immortality. Alternate translation: “is immortality”
13:intro nh7k 0 # Proverbs 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 13 continues the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Contrasting parallelism\n\nExcept for [13:14](../13/14.md), all the proverbs in this chapter consist of two parallel clauses that contrast with each other.
13:1 ugs5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בֵּ֣ן חָ֭כָם מ֣וּסַר אָ֑ב 1 Solomon is leaving a word that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “A wise son listens to the instruction of a father”
13:1 au6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מ֣וּסַר & גְּעָרָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **rebuke** in [1:25](../01/25.md).
13:1 uwpq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אָ֑ב 1 Here, **father** refers to the **father** of the **son** mentioned earlier in the clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “his father”
13:2 zu98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִפְּרִ֣י פִי־אִ֭ישׁ 1 See how you translated the same phrase in [12:14](../12/14.md).
13:2 w883 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ט֑וֹב & וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ & חָמָֽס 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **good** in [11:27](../11/27.md), **appetite** in [6:30](../06/30.md), and **violence** in [3:31](../03/31.md).
13:2 mgn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ 1 Here, Solomon refers to the desire of **the treacherous ones** as if it were their **appetite**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the desire of”
13:3 o7lu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נֹצֵ֣ר פִּ֭יו שֹׁמֵ֣ר נַפְשׁ֑וֹ פֹּשֵׂ֥ק שְׂ֝פָתָ֗יו מְחִתָּה־לֽוֹ 1 **One who guards his mouth**, **his**, **one who opens his lips**, and **him** here do not refer to specific people, but to types of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Anyone who guards one’s mouth keeps one’s life; anyone who opens one’s lips is ruin for that person”
13:3 xb3d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom נֹצֵ֣ר פִּ֭יו 1 The phrase **guards his mouth** is an idiom that refers to being careful about what one says. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “One who speaks carefully”
13:3 f4rg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שֹׁמֵ֣ר נַפְשׁ֑וֹ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone preserving one’s **life** as if one’s **life** were an object that one **keeps**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “preserves his life”
13:3 zq0o rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast פֹּשֵׂ֥ק שְׂ֝פָתָ֗יו מְחִתָּה־לֽוֹ 1 This clause is a strong contrast to the previous clause. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “on the contrary, one who opens his lips is ruin for him”\n
13:3 bd6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom פֹּשֵׂ֥ק שְׂ֝פָתָ֗יו 1 The phrase **opens his lips** is an idiom that could refer to: (1) speaking carelessly, which would be in contrast to the meaning of **guards his mouth** in the previous clause. Alternate translation: “one who talks without thinking” (2) speaking too much. Alternate translation: “one who talks too much”
13:3 qfrc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מְחִתָּה־לֽוֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **ruin**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “ruins himself”
13:4 ly1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נַפְשׁ֣וֹ עָצֵ֑ל 1 **A lazy one** and **his** do not refer to a specific person, put to a type of person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is lazy, that one’s appetite”
13:4 c7yc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns נַפְשׁ֣וֹ & וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **appetite** in [6:30](../06/30.md).
13:4 mjxy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִתְאַוָּ֣ה & נַפְשׁ֣וֹ 1 Here, **craving** describes the **appetite** of a **lazy** person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he has a craving appetite” or “he craves”
13:4 z2sk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וָ֭אַיִן 1 Here, Solomon implies that **there is nothing** to satisfy the **lazy** person’s **craving**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and there is nothing to satisfy that craving”
13:4 kakf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תְּדֻשָּֽׁן 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will become fat”
13:4 rj8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תְּדֻשָּֽׁן 1 Here, Solomon refers to **the appetite of the diligent ones** being satisfied and if **the appetite** were a person who could be **fattened**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be satisfied”
13:5 i9t2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַדִּ֑יק 1 See how you translated **A righteous one** in [9:9](../09/09.md).
13:5 xfcg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession דְּבַר־שֶׁ֭קֶר 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **word** that is characterized by **falsehood**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a false word”\n
13:5 xrle rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דְּבַר 1 See how you translated the similar use of **word** in [12:25](../12/25.md).
13:5 lygo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ֝רָשָׁ֗ע 1 See how you translated **a wicked one** in [9:7](../09/07.md).
13:5 c74k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַבְאִ֥ישׁ 1 Here, Solomon refers to people causing others to feel disgust for them as if they smell bad. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes others to feel disgust for him” or “disgusts others”
13:6 iac2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns צְ֭דָקָה & וְ֝רִשְׁעָ֗ה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **Righteousness** in [1:3](../01/03.md) and **wickedness** in [4:17](../04/17.md).
13:6 zhal rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תִּצֹּ֣ר תָּם־דָּ֑רֶךְ 1 Here, Solomon refers to people protecting themselves by acting righteously as if **Righteousness** were a person who **guards** them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “enables the blameless of way to be protected”
13:6 df15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession תָּם־דָּ֑רֶךְ 1 See how you translated this phrase in [11:20](../11/20.md).
13:6 r21h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תְּסַלֵּ֥ף חַטָּֽאת 1 Here, Solomon refers to people deliberately doing wicked things that will result in their destruction as if **wickedness** were a person who **leads** them **astray**. See how you translated the same use of **leads** **astray** in [12:16](../12/16.md).
13:7 z16h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun יֵ֣שׁ מִ֭תְעַשֵּׁר & מִ֝תְרוֹשֵׁ֗שׁ 1 The phrases **one who pretends to be rich** and **one who pretends to be poor** do not refer to specific people, but to types of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use different expressions. Alternate translation: “There are people who pretend to be rich … people who pretend to be poor”
13:7 z2e4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole וְאֵ֣ין כֹּ֑ל 1 Solomon says **nothing at all** here as a generalization for emphasis. He means either that this person has **nothing** valuable or has very few possessions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “but has nothing valuable at all” or “but truly does not have much wealth”
13:8 tjrj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession כֹּ֣פֶר נֶֽפֶשׁ־אִ֣ישׁ 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **ransom** that must be paid to redeem **the life of a man**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “The ransom that must be paid to redeem the life of a man” or “What a man must pay to buy back his own life”
13:8 q5kf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִ֣ישׁ עָשְׁר֑וֹ 1 Although **a man** and **his** are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that could refer to either **a man** or woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “a person is that person’s riches”\n
13:8 ccrr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ֝רָ֗שׁ 1 Solomon is speaking of **poor** people in general, not of one particular **poor one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “but any poor person”\n
13:8 xoce rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹא־שָׁמַ֥ע 1 Here, Solomon refers to **a poor one** completely ignoring **a rebuke** as if that person didn’t even hear it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “ignores” or “ignores as if he did not even hear”
13:8 mq75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit גְּעָרָֽה 1 Here, the word translated **rebuke** refers to a threat that someone makes against the life of **a poor one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a threat”
13:9 trqq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אוֹר & וְנֵ֖ר 1 **The light** and **the lamp** refer to lights and lamps in general, not one particular **light** and **lamp**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “The lights of … but the lamps of”\n
13:9 xs1o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אוֹר־צַדִּיקִ֥ים יִשְׂמָ֑ח 1 Here, Solomon refers to the lives of **the righteous ones** being enjoyable as if their lives were a **light** that could be **glad**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “The lives of the righteous ones will be enjoyable” or “The lives of the righteous ones will be enjoyable like a brightly shining light”
13:9 upv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְנֵ֖ר רְשָׁעִ֣ים יִדְעָֽךְ 1 Here, Solomon refers to the death of **the wicked ones** as if their lives were lamps that stop burning to produce light. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “but the life of the wicked ones will end” or “but the life of the wicked ones is like a lamp that will be extinguished”
13:9 pbds rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִדְעָֽךְ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will stop shining” or “will stop producing light”
13:10 n32q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ֭זָדוֹן & מַצָּ֑ה & חָכְמָֽה 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **presumptuousness**, **contention**, and **wisdom**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **presumptuousness** in [11:2](../11/02.md) and **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “with being presumptuous … contending with others … being wise”
13:10 rxsw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְאֶת־נ֖וֹעָצִ֣ים חָכְמָֽה 1 Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but with those who are counseled comes wisdom”
13:10 ujq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נ֖וֹעָצִ֣ים 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those whom people counsel”
13:11 u1q4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵהֶ֣בֶל 1 Here, **from emptiness** refers to obtaining something easily or without effort. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “obtained easily” or “that someone gains without effort”
13:11 db1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְקֹבֵ֖ץ עַל־יָ֣ד 1 Solomon is speaking of people who gather **by hand** in general, not of one particular person **who gathers by hand**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “but any person who gathers by hand”\n
13:11 xlrs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְקֹבֵ֖ץ עַל־יָ֣ד 1 Here, **gathers by hand** could refer to: (1) working hard to gather something, as if one were using one’s hands to do the work. Alternate translation: “but one who gathers by laboring” (2) gathering something gradually in small amounts as if one were gathering it in one’s **hand**. Alternate translation: “but one who gathers gradually”
13:11 kmpo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis יַרְבֶּֽה 1 Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “will increase wealth”
13:12 jeiv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תּוֹחֶ֣לֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **hope** in [10:28](../10/28.md).
13:12 l1gc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מְ֭מֻשָּׁכָה & בָאָֽה 1 If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that does not yet become reality … that becomes reality” or “that is not yet realized … that is realized”
13:12 v8h6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מַחֲלָה־לֵ֑ב 1 This phrase is an idiom that refers to someone despairing or feeling sad. If it would be helpful in you language, you could express the meaning plainly or use an equivalent idiom in your language. Alternate translation: “makes a person sad” or “breaks a person’s heart”
13:12 k7pf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְעֵ֥ץ חַ֝יִּ֗ים 1 See how you translated **a tree of life** in [3:18](../03/18.md).
13:13 gajo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בָּ֣ז 1 Solomon is speaking of people who despise advice in general, not of one particular person **who despises**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “Anyone who despises”\n
13:13 k3tc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ֭דָבָר 1 Here, **word** refers to instructions or advice that people say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “instruction” or “people instructing him”
13:13 a5vy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יֵחָ֣בֶל ל֑וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “must pay for it”
13:13 t75v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֵחָ֣בֶל ל֑וֹ 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone experiencing the negative consequences of despising **a word** as if they were paying money for doing so. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will experience the consequences for doing so”
13:13 fzbj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וִירֵ֥א מִ֝צְוָ֗ה ה֣וּא יְשֻׁלָּֽם 1 Although the terms **he** and **himself** are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “but someone with fear of a command, that one will be rewarded”\n
13:13 r1bk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ה֣וּא יְשֻׁלָּֽם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will reward that very person”
13:14 xmie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תּוֹרַ֣ת 1 **The law** here does not refer to a specific **law**, but refers to lessons or instructions in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “The instructions of”\n
13:14 l87y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj חָ֭כָם 1 Solomon is using the adjective **wise** as a noun to mean **wise** people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the wise ones”
13:14 uhi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְק֣וֹר חַיִּ֑ים 1 See how you translated this phrase in [10:11](../10/11.md).
13:14 po7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לָ֝ס֗וּר מִמֹּ֥קְשֵׁי מָֽוֶת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone avoiding dangerous situations that could result in one dying as if that person were turning away from **the snares of death**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to avoid the snares of death”\n
13:14 qfy7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לָ֝ס֗וּר 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “the law of the wise turns people away”
13:14 h871 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִמֹּ֥קְשֵׁי מָֽוֶת 1 Here, Solomon refers to dangerous situations that could result in someone dying as if they were **snares**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “from deadly situations” or “from dangers that are like traps that lead to death”
13:15 ztj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification שֵֽׂכֶל־ט֭וֹב יִתֶּן־חֵ֑ן 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person receiving **favor** because that person has **Good insight** as if the **insight** were a person who could give **favor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Good insight causes the person who has it to be favored by others”
13:15 up13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns שֵֽׂכֶל & חֵ֑ן 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **insight** in [1:3](../01/03.md) and **favor** in [3:4](../03/04.md).
13:15 sp95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְדֶ֖רֶךְ 1 See how you translated this use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
13:15 r4vi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֵיתָֽן 1 Here, the word translated **permanent** refers to something that is unrelenting. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is unrelenting” or “does not relent”
13:15 vilf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants אֵיתָֽן 1 Instead of **permanent**, some ancient translations read “their ruin.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
13:16 n8lr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְדָ֑עַת & אִוֶּֽלֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md) and **folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md).
13:16 p3dc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִפְרֹ֥שׂ אִוֶּֽלֶת 1 Here, Solomon refers to **a stupid one** displaying how foolish he is as if his **folly** were an object that he spreads out for other people to see. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “displays his folly”
13:16 n3ey rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִפְרֹ֥שׂ אִוֶּֽלֶת 1 Here, Solomon implies that **a stupid one spreads folly** by how he acts. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “spreads folly by what he says and does”
13:17 n29k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַלְאָ֣ךְ רָ֭שָׁע 1 Here, **wicked messenger** specifically refers to a **messenger** who is unreliable. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “An unreliable messenger”
13:17 h4gr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִפֹּ֣ל בְּרָ֑ע 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone experiencing **evil** as if it were a place into which that person **falls**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “experiences evil”
13:17 tmcp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּרָ֑ע 1 Here, **evil** refers to trouble that someone might experience as a result of **evil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “into trouble”\n
13:17 pfh6 וְצִ֖יר אֱמוּנִ֣ים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe an **envoy** that is characterized by **faithfulness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “but a faithful envoy”
13:18 m4d7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רֵ֣ישׁ וְ֭קָלוֹן & מוּסָ֑ר & תּוֹכַ֣חַת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **Poverty** in [6:11](../06/11.md), **shame** in [6:33](../06/33.md), and **correction** and **rebuke** in [3:11](../03/11.md).
13:18 f6rv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun פּוֹרֵ֣עַ & וְשׁוֹמֵ֖ר 1 Here, **one who avoids** and **one who keeps** refer to people who do these things in general, not to any specific **one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “are for those who avoid … but those who keep”
13:18 b3wd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְשׁוֹמֵ֖ר 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone accepting **a rebuke** from someone else as if **a rebuke** were an object that one **keeps**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but one who accepts”
13:18 owqo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יְכֻבָּֽד 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will honor”
13:19 h11i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְנָ֑פֶשׁ 1 Here, Solomon implies that **self** refers to the same person who has the **desire** mentioned earlier in the verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to one’s self”
13:19 fv8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְתוֹעֲבַ֥ת & מֵרָֽע 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **abomination** in [3:32](../03/32.md) and **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
13:19 j2fq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ס֣וּר מֵרָֽע 1 See how you translated “turn away from evil” in [3:7](../03/07.md).
13:20 rdzm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הוֹלֵ֣ךְ & וְרֹעֶ֖ה 1 **One who walks** and **one who associates with** refer to people who do these things in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Those who walk … but those who associate with”
13:20 k77z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הוֹלֵ֣ךְ 1 See how you translated the same use of “walk” in [1:15](../01/15.md).
13:21 qnbp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָעָ֑ה & טֽוֹב 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **Evil** and **goodness**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **Evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md). Alternate translation: “What is evil … what is good”
13:21 s35w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תְּרַדֵּ֣ף 1 Here, Solomon refers to **sinners** experiencing **Evil** as if **Evil** were a person who could **pursue** them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will happen to” or “will be experienced by”
13:21 ovgd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יְשַׁלֶּם 1 Here, Solomon refers to **righteous ones** experiencing **goodness** as if **goodness** were a person who could **reward** them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will happen to” or “will be experienced by”
13:22 zohr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun ט֗וֹב & לַ֝צַּדִּ֗יק & חוֹטֵֽא 1 **A good one**, **a sinner**, and **the righteous one** refer to types of people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Any good one … any sinner … for any righteous person”
13:22 tull rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis יַנְחִ֥יל בְּנֵֽי־בָנִ֑ים 1 Solomon is leaving out words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the next clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “will cause sons of sons to inherit his wealth”\n
13:22 amv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּנֵֽי־בָנִ֑ים 1 Here, Solomon implies that **sons of sons** refers to the grandchildren of **A good one** mentioned earlier in the verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “his sons of sons”
13:22 fi9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְצָפ֥וּן לַ֝צַּדִּ֗יק חֵ֣יל חוֹטֵֽא 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but the righteous one will receive the wealth that a sinner has stored up”
13:23 z3px rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown נִ֣יר 1 An **unplowed field** is a **field** that has not been prepared for growing crops. If your readers would not be familiar with plowing fields for farming, you could use the name of a similar farming practice in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “is in the field that is not prepared for food production”
13:23 bdzr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְיֵ֥שׁ נִ֝סְפֶּ֗ה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but there is a being swept away of the poor ones’ food”
13:23 jv3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נִ֝סְפֶּ֗ה בְּלֹ֣א מִשְׁפָּֽט 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no justice sweeping it away”
13:23 h46l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נִ֝סְפֶּ֗ה 1 Here, **swept away** refers to completely removing something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a removal”
13:23 vz3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בְּלֹ֣א מִשְׁפָּֽט 1 Here, Solomon refers to **no justice** as if it were a person who causes the food of poor people to be **swept away**. He means that injustice results in poor people lacking food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “because of injustice” or “because people act unjustly”
13:24 jp8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun חוֹשֵׂ֣ךְ שִׁ֭בְטוֹ שׂוֹנֵ֣א בְנ֑וֹ וְ֝אֹהֲב֗וֹ 1 **One who withholds**, **his**, **one who loves**, and **him** here do not refer to specific people, but refer to these types of people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “Those who withhold their rods hate their sons, but those who love them”\n
13:24 ksnf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole שׂוֹנֵ֣א 1 Solomon says **hates** here as an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “acts unlovingly toward”
13:24 lqcu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְנ֑וֹ & וְ֝אֹהֲב֗וֹ שִֽׁחֲר֥וֹ 1 Although the term **son** and **him** are masculine, Solomon is using those words in a generic sense that could refer to either a male or female child. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “his child, but one who loves that child diligently seeks that child”\n
13:24 yu2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שִֽׁחֲר֥וֹ מוּסָֽר 1 Here, Solomon refers to a parent **diligently** disciplining that parent’s child as if that parent were **diligently** seeking that child **with discipline**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “diligently disciplines him”
13:25 a593 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַדִּ֗יק & נַפְשׁ֑וֹ 1 **A righteous one** and**his** here do not refer to specific people, but refer to a type of person in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “Any righteous one … that person’s appetite”
13:25 wby5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וּבֶ֖טֶן 1 The word **stomach** represents stomachs in general, not one particular **stomach**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “but the stomachs of”
13:25 azl9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּבֶ֖טֶן רְשָׁעִ֣ים תֶּחְסָֽר 1 Here, Solomon refers to **the wicked ones** always being hungry as if their stomachs **lack**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the wicked ones can never eat enough” or “but the hunger of the wicked ones is never satisfied”
14:intro gbj2 0 # Proverbs 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 14 continues the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Contrasting parallelism\n\nExcept for [14:7](../14/07.md), [10](../14/10.md), [13](../14/13.md), [17](../14/17.md), [26](../14/26.md), [27](../14/27.md), and [34](../14/34.md), all the proverbs in this chapter consist of two parallel clauses that contrast with each other.
14:1 r3rp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun חַכְמ֣וֹת נָ֭שִׁים & בֵיתָ֑הּ 1 **The wisest of women** and **her** here do not refer to a specific person, but refer to a type of person in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “Those women who are most wise … the houses of those women”\n
14:1 zntm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בָּנְתָ֣ה בֵיתָ֑הּ 1 Here, Solomon refers to a woman making her family prosper as if she were building a **house**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes her house to prosper”
14:1 hx7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בֵיתָ֑הּ 1 Here, **house** represents the family who lives in the **house**. See how you translated the same use of **house** in [3:33](../03/33.md).
14:1 dmak rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ֝אִוֶּ֗לֶת בְּיָדֶ֥יהָ תֶהֶרְסֶֽנּוּ 1 Here, **a foolish woman** and **her** do not refer to a specific person, but refer to a type of person in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “but those women who are foolish tear it down with their hands”\n
14:1 tv3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תֶהֶרְסֶֽנּוּ 1 Here, Solomon refers to a woman ruining her family as if she were tearing down a house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “harms it”
14:1 l2y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּיָדֶ֥יהָ 1 Here, **hands** refers to what a person does, which often involves using **hands**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “by her deeds”\n
14:2 qgn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הוֹלֵ֣ךְ בְּ֭יָשְׁרוֹ & וּנְל֖וֹז דְּרָכָ֣יו 1 **One who walks**, **his**, and **one who is crooked** refers to types of people in general, not to any specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “The person who walks in that person’s uprightness … but any person who is crooked in that person’s ways”
14:2 qnc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הוֹלֵ֣ךְ בְּ֭יָשְׁרוֹ 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone behaving in a upright manner as if that person **walks in his uprightness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar use of “walk” in [3:23](../03/23.md). Alternate translation: “One who conducts his life in an upright manner”\n
14:2 we9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּנְל֖וֹז דְּרָכָ֣יו 1 Here, Solomon uses the phrase **crooked in his ways** to refer to someone who acts deceptively. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar use of **crooked** in [2:15](../02/15.md). Alternate translation: “but one who is deceptive”\n
14:3 ht6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּֽפִי־אֱ֭וִיל חֹ֣טֶר גַּאֲוָ֑ה 1 In this clause, Solomon refers to what **a fool** says with his **mouth** resulting in him being punished with **a rod** as if **a rod** were **in** his **mouth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Because of what a fool says, he is punished for pride” or “A fool is punished because of the proud things he says”
14:3 ixb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession חֹ֣טֶר גַּאֲוָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **rod** that is used to punish someone for having **pride**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is a rod for punishing proud people”
14:3 c2ir rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְשִׂפְתֵ֥י 1 See how you translated the same use of **lips** in [10:21](../10/21.md).
14:3 gru7 תִּשְׁמוּרֵֽם 1 Alternate translation: “will keep them from harm” or “will keep them safe”
14:4 uqel rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֵב֣וּס בָּ֑ר 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **trough** that is characterized by **cleanness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is a clean trough”
14:4 w12s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֵב֣וּס 1 A **trough** is a container that contains food for domesticated animals, such as **cattle**. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of animal food container, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “is a container of”
14:4 rd3o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְרָב 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **abundance** in [5:23](../05/23.md).
14:4 e3k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בְּכֹ֣חַ שֽׁוֹר 1 Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “is produced by the strength of an ox”\n
14:4 diy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּכֹ֣חַ שֽׁוֹר 1 Here, **strength** refers to the work **an ox** does that involves using **strength**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is by the work an ox does”
14:4 huma rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun שֽׁוֹר 1 Here, the word **ox** represents oxen in general, not one particular **ox**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression, as in the UST.
14:5 ew9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עֵ֣ד אֱ֭מוּנִים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **witness** who is characterized by **faithfulness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A faithful witness”
14:5 xtdm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עֵ֣ד שָֽׁקֶר 1 See how you translated this phrase in [6:19](../06/19.md).
14:5 j6d2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְיָפִ֥יחַ כְּ֝זָבִ֗ים 1 See how you translated **breathes out lies** in [6:19](../06/19.md).
14:6 sfgf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לֵ֣ץ & לְנָב֣וֹן 1 See how you translated **a mocker** in [9:7](../09/07.md) and **the understanding one** in [1:5](../01/05.md).
14:6 xavx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בִּקֶּשׁ 1 Here, people trying to be wise are described as if **wisdom** were an object that people can “seek”. See how you translated the same use of **seeks** in [11:27](../11/27.md).
14:6 mc72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָ֣ה & וְדַ֖עַת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
14:6 wm35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וָאָ֑יִן 1 Here, Solomon means that **a mocker** cannot acquire **wisdom**, not that **wisdom** does not exist. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and he finds none” or “and there is no wisdom for him”
14:6 ek6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְדַ֖עַת 1 Solomon is leaving out some of a word that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but finding knowledge” or “but acquiring knowledge”
14:7 mvxr מִ֭נֶּגֶד 1 Alternate translation: “from in front of” or “from the presence of”
14:7 vk5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לְאִ֣ישׁ כְּסִ֑יל 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who is characterized by **stupidity**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a stupid man”
14:7 vhev rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לְאִ֣ישׁ 1 Here, **a man** represents a type of people in general, not one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any person of”
14:7 va2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּבַל־יָ֝דַ֗עְתָּ 1 Here, Solomon refers to **you** not receiving **knowledge** from what a stupid person says as if **you** did **not know** such **knowledge**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for you will not receive”
14:7 ud4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שִׂפְתֵי־דָֽעַת 1 Here, **lips** refers to what people say by moving their **lips**. Solomon is referring to words that express **knowledge**. See how you translated the same use of **lips** in [10:18](../10/18.md). Alternate translation: “words that express knowledge”
14:8 e2qn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמַ֣ת & וְאִוֶּ֖לֶת & מִרְמָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md), **folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md), and **deceit** in [11:1](../11/01.md).
14:8 vug2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עָ֭רוּם 1 See how you translated this phrase in [12:16](../12/16.md).
14:8 vp9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּרְכּ֑וֹ 1 See how you translated the same use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
14:9 f44d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אָשָׁ֑ם 1 Mocking **the guilt offering** implies that **Fools mock** the need for people to offer **the guilt offering** in order to ask God to forgive them for sinning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “offering guilt offerings to God for forgiveness”\n
14:9 t24p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָצֽוֹן 1 See how you translated **favor** in [3:4](../03/04.md).
14:9 pui7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit רָצֽוֹן 1 Here, Solomon implies that this **favor** is from Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is Yahweh’s favor”
14:10 xxe9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֵ֗ב & נַפְשׁ֑וֹ & וּ֝בְשִׂמְחָת֗וֹ 1 **A heart**, **itself**, and **its** refer to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A person … that person, and in that person’s joy”
14:10 y94d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מָרַּ֣ת & וּ֝בְשִׂמְחָת֗וֹ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **bitterness** and **joy**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “how bitter it is … and in its feeling joyful”
14:11 c5yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בֵּ֣ית & וְאֹ֖הֶל 1 In this verse, **house** and **tent** refer to the people who live in them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The household of … but the household of”
14:11 bfxk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִשָּׁמֵ֑ד 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will destroy” or “will become ruined”
14:11 d165 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַפְרִֽיחַ 1 Here, Solomon refers to a family prospering as if it were a plant with blooming flowers that **flourish**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will prosper”
14:12 ojy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דֶּ֣רֶךְ 1 See how you translated the same use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
14:12 y8gw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִפְנֵי־אִ֑ישׁ 1 Here, **before the face of** refers to what a person perceives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that a man perceives”
14:12 hslo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִ֑ישׁ 1 The word **man** represents a person in general, not one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “a person”
14:12 e0n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֝אַחֲרִיתָ֗הּ 1 Here, **end** refers to a final result. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but its result”
14:12 o8df rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּרְכֵי־מָֽוֶת 1 Here, Solomon uses **ways** to refer to the destiny of those people who live according to what they think is **a right way**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is the destiny of death”\n
14:12 c1cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession דַּרְכֵי־מָֽוֶת 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the ways** that are **death**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is the ways that are death” or “is the destiny that is death”
14:13 j3ih rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בִּשְׂח֥וֹק יִכְאַב & שִׂמְחָ֣ה תוּגָֽה 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **laughter**, **pain**, **joy**, and **grief**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “when laughing … may feel painful … feeling joyful may be feeling sad”
14:13 a8j9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֵ֑ב 1 Here, **heart** refers to the whole person. See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [14:10](../14/10.md).
14:14 ocu0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִדְּרָכָ֣יו & ס֣וּג לֵ֑ב וּ֝מֵעָלָ֗יו אִ֣ישׁ טֽוֹב 1 **The turning away of heart**, **his**, and **a good man** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “Any person turning away of heart … from that person’s ways, but any good person from that person”\n
14:14 qe8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ס֣וּג לֵ֑ב 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person who has stopped behaving righteously and is behaving wickedly as if that person’s **heart** is **turning away** from behaving righteously. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The person who stops living righteously”
14:14 hiz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִ֭שְׂבַּע 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will fill”
14:14 jxno rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִ֭שְׂבַּע 1 In this clause, the word translated **filled** implies that **the turning away of heart** will fully experience the negative consequences of **his ways**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will experience the negative consequences” or “will be repaid”
14:14 c5in rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִדְּרָכָ֣יו 1 See how you translated the same use of **ways** in [3:6](../03/06.md).
14:14 tuqm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ֝מֵעָלָ֗יו אִ֣ישׁ טֽוֹב 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but a good man will be filled from his ways”\n
14:15 i558 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun פֶּ֭תִי & וְ֝עָר֗וּם 1 **A naive one** and **a prudent one** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural phrases. See how you translated **a prudent one** in [12:16](../12/16.md). Alternate translation: “Any naive person … but any prudent person”
14:15 nkj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דָּבָ֑ר 1 See how you translated the same use of **word** in [12:25](../12/25.md).
14:15 h73m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַאֲשֻׁרֽוֹ 1 Here, **step** refers to a person’s behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his behavior”
14:16 xojs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun חָכָ֣ם & וּ֝כְסִ֗יל 1 See how you translated **a wise one** in [1:5](../01/05.md) and **a stupid one** in [10:18](../10/18.md).
14:16 z79v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְסָ֣ר מֵרָ֑ע 1 See how you translated the similar phrase “turn away from evil” in [3:7](../03/07.md).
14:16 jexo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּבוֹטֵֽחַ 1 Here, **confident** refers to the negative quality of being unreasonably self-confident or careless. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and is overly confident” or “and is careless”
14:17 a76z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom קְֽצַר־אַ֭פַּיִם 1 The phrase **short of nostrils** is an idiom that refers to a person who gets angry quickly. The word **nostrils** means “anger” by association with the way that a person who is angry breathes heavily through his nose, causing his **nostrils** to open wide. Your language and culture may also associate anger with a particular part of the body. If so, you could use an expression involving that part of the body in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “One who easily vents his spleen” or “One who gets angry quickly”\n
14:17 ndbc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun קְֽצַר־אַ֭פַּיִם & וְאִ֥ישׁ מְ֝זִמּ֗וֹת 1 **One short of nostrils** and **a man of schemes** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural phrases. See how you translated **a man of schemes** in [12:2](../12/02.md). Alternate translation: “Any person short of nostrils … and any person of schemes” or “Any person who gets angry quickly … and any person who schemes”
14:17 xri2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אִוֶּ֑לֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md).
14:17 ib3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְאִ֥ישׁ מְ֝זִמּ֗וֹת 1 See how you translated **a man of schemes** in [12:2](../12/02.md).
14:17 erby rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִשָּׂנֵֽא 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language, as in the UST.
14:18 c2ql rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy נָחֲל֣וּ & אִוֶּ֑לֶת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **Naive ones** becoming foolish as if **folly** were property or wealth that they could **inherit** from a family member. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar use of **inherit** in [3:35](../03/35.md). Alternate translation: “become foolish”\n
14:18 aj35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אִוֶּ֑לֶת & דָֽעַת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md) and **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
14:18 spn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַכְתִּ֥רוּ דָֽעַת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of people being rewarded with **knowledge** as if **knowledge** were a **crown** they **will wear**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “will be rewarded with knowledge” or “will be rewarded with knowledge as if it were a crown they wore”\n
14:19 b4i8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction שַׁח֣וּ 1 Bowing **down** is a symbolic action that shows humble respect or submission to someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “will bow down to show respect”
14:19 mch0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י 1 Here, the word **face** represents the presence of a person by association with the way people can see the **face** of someone who is present. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the presence of”
14:19 resy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ֝רְשָׁעִ֗ים עַֽל־שַׁעֲרֵ֥י צַדִּֽיק 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and wicked ones will bow down at the gates of the righteous one”\n
14:19 e892 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַֽל־שַׁעֲרֵ֥י 1 Here, **gates** refers to the doorway of the house of **the righteous one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “at the gates of the house of”
14:19 tt7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַדִּֽיק 1 See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [10:3](../10/03.md).
14:20 lsnx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לְ֭רֵעֵהוּ & רָ֑שׁ & עָשִׁ֣יר 1 **One who is poor**, **his neighbor**, and **the rich one** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “Any person who is poor … by that person’s neighbors … any rich person”\n
14:20 h5ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive גַּם־לְ֭רֵעֵהוּ יִשָּׂ֣נֵא רָ֑שׁ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A poor person’s neighbor even hates him”
14:21 fy3m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בָּז־לְרֵעֵ֥הוּ חוֹטֵ֑א וּמְחוֹנֵ֖ן עניים אַשְׁרָֽיו 1 **One who sins**, **his neighbor**, **one who shows favor**, and **he** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “Any person who sins despises that person’s neighbors, but any person who shows favor to afflicted ones, happy is that person”
14:21 d4gp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּמְחוֹנֵ֖ן 1 Here, **shows favor** refers to being kind to someone, not to favoring one person over another. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but the one who is compassionate to”
14:22 m1cw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲֽלוֹא־יִ֭תְעוּ חֹ֣רְשֵׁי רָ֑ע 1 Solomon is using the question form to emphasize what he is saying. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Devisers of evil surely go astray!”
14:22 ie8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָ֑ע וְחֶ֥סֶד וֶ֝אֱמֶ֗ת & טֽוֹב 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md), **covenant faithfulness** and **trustworthiness** in [3:3](../03/03.md), and **good** in [11:27](../11/27.md).
14:22 mmn3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הֲֽלוֹא־יִ֭תְעוּ 1 Here, Solomon uses the phrase **go astray** to refer to being deceptive. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Are not … deceptive”\n
14:22 aqg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חֹ֣רְשֵׁי טֽוֹב 1 Here, **are for** indicates that **devisers of good** are those who will benefit from receiving the **covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness** of others. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “benefit devisers of good”
14:23 d7ni rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עֶ֭צֶב & מוֹתָ֑ר & לְמַחְסֽוֹר 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns “toils” in [5:10](../05/10.md), **profit** in [3:14](../03/14.md), and **lack** in [6:11](../06/11.md).
14:23 dbn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּדְבַר־שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם 1 Here, Solomon implies that this refers to **the words of lips** without any **toil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but the word of lips without toil” or “but the word of lips by itself”
14:23 vvln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּדְבַר־שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the word** that is spoken with **lips**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “but the word spoken by lips”
14:23 r2lz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּדְבַר 1 See how you translated the similar use of **word** in [12:25](../12/25.md).
14:23 auv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם 1 See how you translated the same use of **lips** in [10:18](../10/18.md).
14:23 a06s rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result אַךְ־לְמַחְסֽוֹר 1 Here, **is only** indicates that **lack** is the result of the preceding phrase. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “results only in lack”\n
14:24 dc97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֲטֶ֣רֶת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the reward of **the wise ones** as if it were a **crown** they wear. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. See how you translated the similar use of **crown** in [14:18](../14/18.md). Alternate translation: “The reward of” or “The reward that is like a crown of”\n
14:24 u3bw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אִוֶּ֖לֶת כְּסִילִ֣ים 1 See how you translated this phrase in [14:8](../14/08.md).
14:24 gr0a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אִוֶּ֖לֶת & אִוֶּֽלֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md).
14:25 xf3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עֵ֣ד אֱמֶ֑ת 1 See how you translated the same use of **A witness of** in [14:5](../14/05.md).
14:25 wkc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְיָפִ֖חַ כְּזָבִ֣ים 1 See how you translated **breathes out lies** in [6:19](../06/19.md).
14:26 f120 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּיִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה מִבְטַח־עֹ֑ז 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone having **confidence** because that person has **the fear of Yahweh** as if **the fear of Yahweh** were a location in which **confidence** resided. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The fear of Yahweh is the source of the confidence of the strong one” or “The confidence of the strong one is because he has the fear of Yahweh”
14:26 tky7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּיִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה 1 See how you translated **the fear of Yahweh** in [1:7](../01/07.md).
14:26 zfgw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִבְטַח 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **confidence** in [3:26](../03/26.md).
14:26 b73j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עֹ֑ז וּ֝לְבָנָ֗יו יִהְיֶ֥ה 1 Here, **the strong one**, **his**, and **he** refer to a type of person in general, not to one specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “any strong person, and for that person’s sons that person will be”\n
14:26 nbdi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וּ֝לְבָנָ֗יו 1 Although the term **sons** is masculine, Solomon is using the word here in a generic sense that could refer to either male or female children. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “and for his children”\n
14:26 gyit rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִהְיֶ֥ה מַחְסֶֽה 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person protecting **his** children as if he were **a refuge** for them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “he will provide protection” or “he will be like a refuge”
14:26 dh54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מַחְסֶֽה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **refuge**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “someone who protects”
14:27 n41g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession יִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:7](../01/07.md) and in the previous verse.
14:27 c8u2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְק֣וֹר חַיִּ֑ים 1 See how you translated **a fountain of life** in [10:11](../10/11.md) and [13:14](../13/14.md).
14:27 r5t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לָ֝ס֗וּר מִמֹּ֥קְשֵׁי מָֽוֶת 1 See how you translated the same clause in [13:14](../13/14.md).
14:28 vxf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּרָב־עָ֥ם הַדְרַת־מֶ֑לֶךְ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **abundance** and **majesty**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “An abundant amount of people is what makes a king majestic”
14:28 c3y9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מֶ֑לֶךְ & רָזֽוֹן 1 Here, **a king** and **the potentate** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “any king … any potentate”
14:28 l6zi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּבְאֶ֥פֶס 1 Here, **end** refers to a lack of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but with the lack of”
14:29 c6lj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אֶ֣רֶךְ אַ֭פַּיִם & וּקְצַר־ר֝֗וּחַ 1 **One long of nostrils** and **one short of spirit** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “Any person long of nostrils … but any person short of spirit”
14:29 xc7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶ֣רֶךְ אַ֭פַּיִם 1 The phrase **long of nostrils** is an idiom that refers to a type of person who does not get angry quickly. The word nostrils means “anger” by association with the way that a person who is angry breathes heavily through his nose, causing his nostrils to open wide. Your language and culture may also associate anger with a particular part of the body. If so, you could use an expression involving that part of the body in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “One who does not easily vent his spleen” or “One who does not get angry quickly”\n
14:29 hh4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תְּבוּנָ֑ה & אִוֶּֽלֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md).
14:29 lf5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּקְצַר־ר֝֗וּחַ 1 The phrase **short of spirit** is an idiom that refers to a type of person who gets angry quickly. Your language and culture may also associate anger with a particular part of the body. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but a short-tempered person” or “but one who gets angry quickly”
14:29 pd65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מֵרִ֥ים 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone publicly showing **folly** as if **folly** were an object that someone **lifts up** for everyone to see. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “publicly displays” or “lets everyone observe”
14:30 o4ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לֵ֣ב מַרְפֵּ֑א 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **heart** that is characterized by **healing**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A healed heart”
14:30 e9g7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֵ֣ב 1 Here, Solomon uses **heart** to refer to a person’s inner being or mind. See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
14:30 bdfl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְ֭שָׂרִים לֵ֣ב 1 **A heart of healing** and **the body** refer to hearts and bodies in general, not to a specific **heart** and **body**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “Any heart of … any body”
14:30 e78q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חַיֵּ֣י בְ֭שָׂרִים 1 Here, **life to the body** refers to a something being healthy for a person’s **body**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is healthy for one’s body” or “causes one’s body to be healthy”
14:30 h3vt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּרְקַ֖ב עֲצָמ֣וֹת קִנְאָֽה 1 Solomon is saying that **envy** harms a person’s health like a disease that causes **the decay of bones**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “but envy ruins a person’s health” or “but envy harms one’s health like decay in one’s bones”\n
14:30 l2al rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns קִנְאָֽה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **envy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “being envious”
14:31 k67r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עֹ֣שֵֽׁק דָּ֭ל & עֹשֵׂ֑הוּ & חֹנֵ֥ן אֶבְיֽוֹן 1 **The oppressor**. **a lowly one**, **his**, **one showing favor**, and **a needy one** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “Any oppressor of any lowly person … that person’s maker … any person who shows favor to any needy person”
14:31 jij6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דָּ֭ל 1 The phrase **lowly one** refers to a poor person. See how you translated the same use of “lowly ones” in [10:15](../10/15.md).
14:31 xhv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֹשֵׂ֑הוּ 1 Here, **maker** refers to Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “God, his maker” or “his maker, who is God” or “his Maker”
14:31 u5rq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וּ֝מְכַבְּד֗וֹ 1 Here, **him** refers to Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but … honors Yahweh”
14:31 k2td rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חֹנֵ֥ן 1 See how you translated the same use of “shows favor to” in [14:21](../14/21.md).
14:32 kw4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְּֽ֭רָעָתוֹ & רָשָׁ֑ע & בְמוֹת֣וֹ צַדִּֽיק 1 Here, **his**, **the wicked one**, and **the righteous one** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. See how you translated **the wicked one** in [3:33](../03/33.md) and **the righteous one** in [10:16](../10/16.md). Alternate translation: “By the evil of any wicked person that person … any righteous person … in that person’s death”
14:32 nxxe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּֽ֭רָעָתוֹ & בְמוֹת֣וֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md) and **death** in [2:18](../02/18.md).
14:32 t8gr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִדָּחֶ֣ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “thrusts himself down”
14:32 b0he rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִדָּחֶ֣ה 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person’s life becoming ruined or destroyed as if that person were **thrust down** on the ground. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar use of “thrown down” in [10:8](../10/08.md). Alternate translation: “is destroyed”\n
14:32 yk75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְחֹסֶ֖ה & צַדִּֽיק 1 Here, Solomon refers to **refuge** as if it were an object that someone **finds**. He means that someone feels safe or protected. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the righteous one feels protected”
14:32 qhzn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְמוֹת֣וֹ 1 Here, Solomon refers to the time when someone dies as if **death** were a place where that person enters. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when dying”
14:33 gsbg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּלֵ֣ב נָ֭בוֹן תָּנ֣וּחַ חָכְמָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon refers to **the understanding one** thinking wisely as if **wisdom** were an object that **rests** inside that person’s **heart**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “The understanding one thinks with wisdom”
14:33 ip9w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נָ֭בוֹן 1 See how you translated **the understanding one** in [1:5](../01/05.md).
14:33 sg1c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
14:33 r61l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּוָּדֵֽעַ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will know her”
14:33 xi3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תִּוָּדֵֽעַ 1 Here, **she** refers to **wisdom** as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “wisdom will be known”\n
14:34 ousu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns צְדָקָ֥ה & וְחֶ֖סֶד & חַטָּֽאת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **Righteousness** in [1:3](../01/03.md), **sin** in [5:22](../05/22.md), and **shame** in [6:33](../06/33.md).
14:34 tavd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תְרֽוֹמֵֽם־גּ֑וֹי 1 Here, Solomon refers to a **nation** becoming great as if it were an object that **Righteousness** **raises** up. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar use of “raised up” in [11:11](../11/11.md). Alternate translation: “makes a nation great”\n
14:35 vi56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רְֽצוֹן & מַשְׂכִּ֑יל וְ֝עֶבְרָת֗וֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **delight** in [8:30](../08/30.md), **insight** in [1:3](../01/03.md), and **rage** in [11:23](../11/23.md).
14:35 c522 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מֶ֭לֶךְ לְעֶ֣בֶד & וְ֝עֶבְרָת֗וֹ תִּהְיֶ֥ה מֵבִֽישׁ 1 Here, **a king**, **the servant**, **his**, and **one who acts shamefully** refer to types of people, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “any king is for any servant … but any king’s rage is for any person who acts shamefully”
15:intro l872 0 # Proverbs 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 15 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
15:1 x2lh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A gentle answer turns away wrath 0 Causing a person to stop being angry is spoken of as if it were turning that person’s wrath away. Alternate translation: “Answering a person gently will calm that person’s wrath”
15:2 w6ic rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche The tongue of wise people compliments knowledge 0 Here the word “tongue” refers to the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “Wise people compliment knowledge when they speak”
15:2 ncr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the mouth of fools pours out folly 0 The writer speaks of fools’ mouths as if they were containers and of folly as if it were the liquid that filled them. When fools speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word “mouth” represents those who speak. Alternate translation: “fools are always speaking folly” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:3 w8rc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche The eyes of Yahweh are everywhere 0 Here the word “eyes” represents Yahweh and emphasizes his ability to see everything. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sees everything”
15:3 bw6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the evil and the good 0 The words “evil” and “good” refer to people. Alternate translation: “evil people and good people”
15:4 wt85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy A healing tongue is a tree of life 0 The word “tongue” refers to speech. The writer speaks of the words of a person who says things that help and encourage others as if they were a tree that provides life-giving nourishment. Alternate translation: “Kind words are like a tree that gives life” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:5 kix4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns he who learns from correction 0 The word “correction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he who learns when someone corrects him”
15:7 tk6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The lips of wise people scatter knowledge about 0 The word “lips” represents what wise people say. The writer speaks of knowledge as if it were seeds that wise people scatter around when they speak. Alternate translation: “The speech of wise people spreads knowledge” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15:9 ui9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh hates the way of wicked people 0 The lifestyles of wicked people are spoken of as if they are paths on which those people walk. Alternate translation: “Yahweh hates the way that wicked people live”
15:9 pj1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the one who pursues what is right 0 Being diligent to live rightly is spoken of as if it were chasing after right things. Alternate translation: “the person who strives to live rightly”
15:10 j3mw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor anyone who forsakes the way 0 Here “the way” refers to the way of righteousness. A person who stops doing what is right is spoken of as if he has stopped walking on the correct path. Alternate translation: “anyone who stops living rightly”
15:11 n1e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet Sheol and destruction are open before Yahweh 0 The words “Sheol and Abaddon” both refer to the place of the dead. Yahweh knowing everything about the place of the dead is spoken of as if it were open before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh knows everything about the place where dead people are” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:11 b6if rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion how much more the hearts of the sons of mankind? 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes that since Yahweh knows everything about the place of the dead, it is more obvious that he knows everything about the hearts of men. Alternate translation: “so he certainly knows the hearts of the sons of mankind!”
15:11 r3gz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hearts of the sons of mankind 0 Here the word “hearts” represents the thoughts and motivations. The phrase “the sons of mankind” is an idiom for humanity. Alternate translation: “the thoughts of humans” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:12 f5d9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he will not go to the wise 0 It is implied that he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel or advice. Alternate translation: “he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel”
15:13 b4lv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche A joyful heart makes the face cheerful 0 Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “When a person is joyful, his face is cheerful”
15:14 d9uh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The heart of the discerning 0 Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The mind of the discerning person” or “The discerning person” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:14 k3ct rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the mouth of fools feeds on folly 0 Here the word “mouth” represents the person. The writer speaks of fools desiring foolish things as if they ate foolish things. Alternate translation: “foolish people desire folly as if it were the food that they eat” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:15 en6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche a cheerful heart has an unending feast 0 Here the word “heart” represents the person. The writer speaks of a cheerful person enjoying life as if that person were celebrating a feast that does not end. Alternate translation: “the cheerful person enjoys life, as if he were celebrating an unending feast” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:17 via5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a meal with vegetables 0 The vegetables represent a small meal with very little food. Alternate translation: “a small meal” or “very little food”
15:17 ux23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns where there is love 0 The word “love” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people love one another”
15:17 m9u4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a fatted calf served with hatred 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fatted calf that someone serves with hatred”
15:17 x4f2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a fatted calf 0 This refers to a calf that has been fed a lot of food so that it will become fat. Here it represents a delicious meal or a feast. Alternate translation: “a luxurious meal” or “a feast”
15:17 vw92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns with hatred 0 The word “hatred” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people hate one another”
15:18 p4ji rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor stirs up arguments 0 Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **arguments**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “argue.” Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
15:19 awv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The path of the sluggard … the path of the upright 0 The writer speaks of a person’s life as if it were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “The life of the sluggard … the life of the upright”
15:19 gy92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile The path of the sluggard is like a place with a hedge of thorns 0 The writer compares the lifestyle of the sluggard with trying to walk through a hedge of thorns. Both cause the person to suffer pain. Alternate translation: “The life of the sluggard is like a person trying to walk through a hedge of thorns”
15:19 zqz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the path of the upright is a built-up highway 0 The writer speaks of the blessings that upright people experience in life as if they were walking on a smooth road.
15:21 itu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the one who has understanding walks a straight path 0 The writer speaks of a person doing the right thing as if he were walking straight ahead on a path. Alternate translation: “the person who has understanding does what is right”
15:23 jnm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations how good is a timely word 0 This exclamation emphasizes that a word spoken at the right time is very good. Alternate translation: “a word that a person speaks at the right time is very good”
15:24 b9kb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The path of life leads upward … from Sheol beneath 0 The writer speaks of a lifestyle that results in life as if it were a path that goes upward towards life and of a lifestyle that results in death as if it were a path that leads down to the place of the dead.
15:25 h2dg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche house 0 This is a synecdoche for the person’s household, property, and wealth.
15:28 avu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The heart of the righteous person ponders before it answers 0 Here the word “heart” is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. This represents the person who thinks. Alternate translation: “The person who does right ponders what to say before he answers” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:28 zzd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil 0 The writer speaks of wicked people’s mouths as if they were containers and speaks of evil as if it were the liquid that filled them. When wicked people speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word “mouths” represents those who speak. Alternate translation: “wicked people are always saying evil things” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:28 zr4l the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil 0 It may be more natural in you language to translate all these words as either singular or plural. Alternate translation: “the mouth of the wicked person pours out all its evil” or “the mouths of wicked people pour out all their evil”
15:29 nq5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh is far away from wicked people 0 The writer speaks of Yahweh not listening to wicked people as if he were physically far away from them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does not listen to wicked people” or “Yahweh does not answer wicked people”
15:30 msq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The light of the eyes 0 The writer speaks of an expression of joy on one’s face as if the person’s eyes emitted light. Alternate translation: “A cheerful expression”
15:30 d2bg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche brings joy to the heart 0 The word “heart” represents the person. This could mean: (1) the person who has a cheerful expression becomes joyful or (2) other people become joyful when they see someone with a cheerful expression. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be joyful”
15:30 hhj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche good news is health to the body 0 Here the word “body” represents the person. Alternate translation: “receiving good news makes a person feel good”
15:31 vet3 you will remain among wise people 0 This could mean: (1) people will continue to consider you to be a wise person or (2) you will continue to enjoy the company of wise people.
15:32 l9cd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns listens to correction 0 The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “listens when others correct him”
15:33 nhk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns The fear of Yahweh teaches wisdom 0 The words “fear” and “wisdom” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “When one fears Yahweh, he will learn to be wise”
15:33 t56g The fear of Yahweh 0 See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md).
15:33 w2h2 humility comes before honor 0 This means that a person must first learn humility before Yahweh will honor him.
16:intro mu2u 0 # Proverbs 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 16 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### King and royalty\n\nSome of these proverbs mention a king. As in other cases, this is intended to apply to all rulers.\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
16:1 bqu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The plans of the heart belong to a person 0 Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “A person makes plans in his mind”
16:1 hf8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor from Yahweh comes the answer from his tongue 0 This could mean: (1) Yahweh speaks his answer to a person’s plans, which is a metaphor meaning that Yahweh determines the outcome of that person’s plans or (2) Yahweh enables a person to speak words about the plans that he has made.
16:1 j1hu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the answer from his tongue 0 The person is represented by his “tongue” to emphasize his speech. Alternate translation: “the answer that he speaks”
16:2 m6li rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor All of a person’s ways are pure in his own eyes 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that everything he does is pure” or “A person judges everything he does as pure”
16:2 ky4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Yahweh weighs the spirits 0 Here the word “spirits” represents people’s desires and motives. The writer speaks of Yahweh discerning and judging a person’s desires and motives as if he were weighing that person’s spirit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh judges the person’s motives” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:4 ccq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis even the wicked for the day of trouble 0 The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “he has made even the wicked for the day of trouble”
16:5 lkb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche everyone who has an arrogant heart 0 Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “everyone who is arrogant”
16:5 cq2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes they will not go unpunished 0 The two negatives in this phrase strongly emphasize the positive. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will certainly punish them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:6 t6t9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns By covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness iniquity is atoned for 0 The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant and trustworthy he forgives people’s sins” or (2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the sins of those who are faithful to the covenant and trustworthy” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:6 sn15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor people turn away from evil 0 The writer speaks of people no longer doing evil things as if they were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “people stop doing evil things”
16:9 wyx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy In his heart a person plans out his way 0 Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “A person plans in his mind what he will do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:9 y8rt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh directs his steps 0 The writer speaks of Yahweh determining the outcome of a person’s plans as if Yahweh were telling that person where to walk.
16:10 ak2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Insightful decisions are on the lips of a king 0 Here the word “lips” is a metonym for what the king says. Alternate translation: “What a king says are insightful decisions”
16:10 ul24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his mouth should not betray justice 0 The word “mouth” represents the king himself. Alternate translation: “he should not speak deceitfully when he judges”
16:11 hb1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Honest scales come from Yahweh 0 Yahweh requires justice and fairness when doing business. Dishonest people used heavier or lighter weights in their scales in order to gain more when buying or selling.
16:11 c4kd all the weights in the bag are his work 0 Merchants carried their weights in bags. This could mean: (1) Yahweh has determined how much every weight must weigh or (2) Yahweh is concerned with every weight that a merchant uses.
16:12 tie4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that is something to be despised 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that is something that people despise” or “that is something that Yahweh despises”
16:12 yr8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for a throne is established by doing what is right 0 Here the word “throne” represents the king’s rule. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for the king establishes his reign by doing what is right” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:13 sfa1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche lips that say what is right 0 Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “a person who speaks the truth”
16:14 lfm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A king’s wrath is a messenger of death 0 The writer speaks of an angry king causing someone to die as if the king’s wrath were a messenger that he sends out to kill someone. Alternate translation: “An angry king can put people to death”
16:15 f1pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor In the light of a king’s face is life 0 The writer speaks of an expression of joy on the king’s face as if his face emitted light. Alternate translation: “When the king is cheerful, people live”
16:15 a5n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile his favor is like a cloud that brings a spring rain 0 The writer compares the king showing favor towards someone with a cloud that brings rain to make crops grow. Both promise blessing to those who receive them.
16:16 rgj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations How much better it is to get wisdom than gold 0 This exclamation emphasizes that having wisdom is much better than having gold. Alternate translation: “It is much better to get wisdom than to get gold”
16:16 bn5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive To get understanding should be chosen more than silver 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A person should choose to get understanding more than to get silver”
16:17 ffx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The highway of upright people 0 The writer speaks of the lifestyle of upright people as if it were a well-built road, free of obstacles. Alternate translation: “The righteous way that upright people live”
16:17 a2qn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor turns away from evil 0 The writer speaks of avoiding or no longer doing evil things as if it were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “keeps them from doing evil”
16:18 qp3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a haughty spirit 0 Here the word “spirit” represents the person’s attitude and temperament. Alternate translation: “an arrogant attitude”
16:20 zg3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive what they are taught 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what someone has taught them” or “what they have learned”
16:21 lrv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The one who is wise in heart is called discerning 0 This person will have a reputation of being a discerning person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will call the one who is wise in heart discerning” or “The one who is wise in heart will have a reputation of being a discerning person”
16:21 hq6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The one who is wise in heart 0 Here the heart represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The one who is wise” or “The one who is wise in his thinking”
16:21 w5ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor sweetness of speech 0 The writer speaks of kind or pleasant speech as if it were something that tastes sweet. Alternate translation: “kind speech” or “pleasant speech”
16:22 y5ux rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Understanding is a fountain of life 0 The writer speaks of “Understanding” as if it were a fountain that continuously flows with water and which sustains the life of those who drink from it. Alternate translation: “Understanding is like a fountain flowing with life-giving water”
16:23 rbc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The heart of a wise person gives 0 Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The thoughts of a wise person gives”
16:23 qa4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy gives insight to his mouth 0 Here the word “mouth” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “makes his speech wise”
16:23 i4qn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to his lips 0 Here the word “lips” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “to what he says”
16:24 r6ef rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy sweet to the soul 0 Here, **soul** could mean: (1) it represents a person’s inward desires and pleasures. Alternate translation: “sweet enough to make a person happy” or (2) it can mean “throat” and is a metonym for a person’s tongue and ability to taste. Alternate translation: “sweet to a person’s taste”
16:24 ye3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche healing to the bones 0 Here the word “bones” represent a person’s body. Alternate translation: “healing to the body”
16:25 v8l9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy There is a way that seems right to a man 0 The writer speaks of a person’s conduct or behavior as if it were a road on which the person is traveling. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that the way he is living is right”
16:26 fc7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The laborer’s appetite works for him 0 The writer speaks of the appetite as if it were a person who works on behalf of the laborer. This means that the person who labors is motivated by his desire to eat. Alternate translation: “The laborer works to satisfy his appetite”
16:26 gb4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification his hunger urges him on 0 The writer speaks of “hunger” as if it were a person who urges the laborer to continue working. Alternate translation: “he keeps on working because he is hungry”
16:27 r16q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A worthless person digs up mischief 0 The writer speaks of a person trying to find ways to harm other people as if that person were digging in the ground to find something buried. Alternate translation: “A worthless person looks for mischief as if he were digging for something in the ground”
16:27 xs7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile his speech is like a scorching fire 0 The writer compares the way this person’s words hurt others with the way that fire burns things. Alternate translation: “he hurts people with his words, like a fire scorches the things it touches”
16:29 mk94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit A man of violence lies to his neighbor 0 It is implied that this man lies to his neighbor in order to get his neighbor to join him in violent actions. Alternate translation: “A man of violence entices his neighbor”
16:29 f3dd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor leads him down a path that is not good 0 The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if they were a road on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “gets him to do things that are not good”
16:29 m8qs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a path that is not good 0 The writer uses an understatement to emphasize how bad this path is. Alternate translation: “a very bad path” or “a terrible path”
16:30 p1tu The one who winks the eye … those who purse the lips 0 Both of these are facial gestures which people might use to signal their plans to others. See how you translated “winks the eye” in [Proverbs 10:10](../10/10.md).
16:31 aj89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Gray hair is a crown of glory 0 The writer speaks of gray hair as if it were a crown. “Gray hair” is a metonym for old age. Alternate translation: “A person who has lived long enough to have gray hair is like one who wears a glorious crown on his head” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:31 y1am rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it is gained 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a person gains it”
16:32 x3rg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor one who rules his spirit 0 The writer speaks of a person being able to control his own temper and emotions as if he ruled over his spirit like a king rules his people. Alternate translation: “one who controls his temper”
16:33 ei8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The lots are cast into the lap 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A person throws the lots into his lap”
16:33 js5x the decision is from Yahweh 0 This could mean: (1) Yahweh decides how the lots will land or (2) it is not the lots, but Yahweh who determines what will happen.
17:intro br3v 0 # Proverbs 17 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
17:1 ecu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to have quiet 0 Here “quiet” refers to “peace.” Alternate translation: “to have peace”
17:1 p2y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis than a house full of feasting with strife 0 The words “to have” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “than to have a house full of feasting with strife” or “than to be in a house full of feasting where there is strife”
17:3 fh66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The crucible is for silver and the furnace is for gold 0 This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. Alternate translation: “The crucible is used to refine silver and the furnace is used to refine gold”
17:3 aq7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh refines hearts 0 This speaks of Yahweh testing people to help them stop being evil and foolish as if their hearts were a metal that Yahweh was refining to remove everything that is impure. Alternate translation: “Yahweh tests peoples’ hearts”
17:4 bar9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche wicked lips 0 The word **lips** can be translated as either: (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that come out from those lips. Alternate translation: “a wicked person” or “wicked talk” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
17:4 cj9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom gives ear 0 This idiom means “listens.”
17:4 ef8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche destructive tongue 0 The word **tongue** can be translated as either: (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that the tongue produces. Alternate translation: “a destructive person” or “destructive talk” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
17:5 a5ue rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the poor 0 This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor”
17:5 gs4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns his Maker 0 This is a name that refers to Yahweh. This is also an abstract noun that can be written as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who made him”
17:5 dj8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit at misfortune 0 This refers to the misfortune of others. Alternate translation: “at others’ misfortune” or “at other peoples’ troubles”
17:6 y71i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor are the crown of 0 This speaks of older peoples’ grandchildren being a sign of honor for them as if their grandchildren were a crown. Alternate translation: “bring honor and respect to”
17:6 v99u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the aged 0 This refers to older people. Alternate translation: “those who are older” or “older people”
17:7 clc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche much less are lying lips suitable for royalty 0 This describes people lying as if it were actually their “lips” that were lying. Alternate translation: “even more it is not suitable for royalty to lie”
17:8 mi9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile A bribe is like a magic stone to the one who gives it 0 This speaks of a person’s bribe working by comparing it to a magical stone or amulet. Alternate translation: “A bribe works like a magical stone for the one who gives it” or “A bribe works like magic for the one who is giving the bribe”
17:8 iq11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom wherever he turns 0 Here “turning” refers to the various things the person does. Specifically, this refers to the different things the person does by bribery. Alternate translation: “in whatever he does” or “in everything he tries to do by giving bribes” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:9 r2e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit who repeats a matter 0 This refers to bringing up a past situation in which a friend was hurt or offended. Alternate translation: “who repeats a past offense”
17:9 s8p6 alienates close friends 0 Alternate translation: “causes people to stop being close friends” or “causes close friends to stop liking each other”
17:10 dra2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A rebuke goes deeper into a person … than a hundred blows go into a fool 0 This compares how a rebuke effects a man of understanding to how a beating effects a fool. This speaks of the effect on these people as if it could be measured by the depth that it goes into them. Alternate translation: “A rebuke has more effect on a person … than a hundred blows have on a fool”
17:10 fs5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns a person who has understanding 0 “a person who has good judgment.” The word “understand” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person who understands”
17:11 rz73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns seeks rebellion 0 The word “rebellion” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “seeks to rebel”
17:11 zqf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a cruel messenger will be sent against him 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a cruel messenger will come against him”
17:11 suj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom will be sent against him 0 To be “sent against” someone means to be sent to harm them. Alternate translation: “will be sent to harm him”
17:12 fk5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a bear robbed of her cubs 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a bear who has just lost her cubs”
17:12 j1ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns in his foolishness 0 The word “foolishness” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “who is acting foolish”
17:13 p537 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification evil will never leave his house 0 Here “evil” is spoken of as if it were a person who would not leave the man’s house. Here the word “house” may be taken literally, but it is also a metonym for his family. Alternate translation: “bad things will continue to happen to him and his family” or “bad things will never stop happening to him and his family” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
17:14 e1bw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile The beginning of conflict is like one who releases water everywhere 0 This compares how easily a conflict spreads to how spilled water flows everywhere. Alternate translation: “Starting a conflict is like pumping water and letting it run everywhere”
17:16 kk5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why should a fool pay money to learn about wisdom, when he has no ability to learn it? 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes that the fool should not do this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “A fool should not pay money to learn about wisdom because he does not have the ability to learn it.”
17:17 az6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a brother is born for times of trouble 0 One of the purposes of a brother is to be there to help his brother or sister in times of trouble. Alternate translation: “a brother is there for times of trouble”
17:19 bpz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit causes bones to be broken 0 This means that someone will trip on the threshold and break bones, probably in their foot. Alternate translation: “is sure to cause someone trip and break their the bones in their foot” or “is sure to cause someone to trip and injure himself”
17:20 a3mi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who has a crooked heart 0 The “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “who is deceptive” or “who is dishonest”
17:20 s659 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy has a perverse tongue 0 The “tongue” represents a person’s speech. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks wickedly”
17:20 qjp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom falls into calamity 0 “falls into trouble” To “fall into” something means to get into that situation. Alternate translation: “will have calamity”
17:22 b1n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A cheerful heart is good medicine 0 This speaks of a cheerful heart as being good medicine because it makes you feel better. Alternate translation: “A cheerful heart is like medicine that makes you feel better”
17:22 ga2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy A cheerful heart 0 The “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “Being cheerful”
17:22 u1vh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a broken spirit 0 Here the “spirit” represents a person’s feelings and emotional state. A broken spirit refers to a poor emotional state. Alternate translation: “depression”
17:22 gei3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy dries up the bones 0 A person’s bones represent their physical health and strength. If a person’s bones dry up it means that they are very sick and unhealthy. Alternate translation: “makes a person unhealthy and weak”
17:24 ba2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor sets his face toward wisdom 0 This speaks of a person’s focus on acting wisely as if he were looking at wisdom. Alternate translation: “focuses on acting wisely”
17:24 r7ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the eyes of a fool are 0 This refers to a fool by his eyes to emphasize what he is focusing on. Alternate translation: “the fool is”
17:24 qef2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the ends of the earth 0 This speaks of a fool’s impossible dreams as if they were the ends of the earth to emphasize that they are unrealistic. Alternate translation: “strive for things that are as far from him as the ends of the earth” or “focus on impossible things”
17:25 cn74 A foolish son is a grief to his father 0 This speaks of a son causing his father grief as if the son himself were “grief.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son brings grief to his father”
17:25 mw1t A foolish son … and bitterness to the woman 0 This speaks of a son causing his mother bitterness as if the son himself were “bitterness.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son … and brings bitterness to the woman”
17:26 lw6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes it is never good … neither is it good 0 These statements can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “it is always wrong … and it is evil”
17:26 wfd1 the righteous person 0 Another possible meaning is “the innocent person,” anyone whom others have accused of a crime that he did not commit.
17:26 dj91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns who have integrity 0 The word “integrity” can be expressed with the adjective “honest.” Alternate translation: “who are honest”
17:27 je2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit uses few words 0 This refers to the way he speaks. Alternate translation: “speaks with few words”
17:28 b5ay rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Even a fool is thought to be wise 0 This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “People even think a fool is wise”
17:28 i81a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom keeps his mouth shut 0 This means that he does not speak. Alternate translation: “does not speak”
17:28 q1jm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive he is considered to be intelligent 0 This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “people consider him to be intelligent”
18:intro k5qz 0 # Proverbs 18 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 18 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
18:1 n34r isolates himself 0 Alternate translation: “keeps away from other people”
18:1 vun3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification quarrels with all sound judgment 0 This speaks of a person disagreeing with sound judgment as if “sound judgment” were a person he fought with. Alternate translation: “he disagrees with all sound judgment”
18:2 u731 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes A fool finds no pleasure in understanding, but only 0 “A fool does not care about understanding, but only about” This means the fool considers “understanding” the opposite of pleasure. Alternate translation: “A fool detests understanding and only finds pleasure in”
18:2 ey4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit but only in revealing what is in his own heart 0 This means that the fool only finds pleasure in telling other people what he feels and desires in his heart. Alternate translation: “but only in telling others what is in his own heart”
18:2 yp8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy what is in his own heart 0 The contents of a person’s heart refers to the person’s thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “what he thinks”
18:3 fw1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification contempt comes with him—along with shame and reproach 0 Here “contempt,” “shame,” and “reproach” are spoken of as if they are people who accompany a wicked man. This could mean: (1) people show contempt towards the wicked man and cause him to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “people feel contempt for him along with shame and reproach” or (2) the wicked man shows contempt for others and causes them to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “he shows his contempt for other people and causes them to feel shame and reproach”
18:3 ps5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet shame and reproach 0 These two words have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize the “shame” felt by either the wicked man or other people.
18:4 izv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism The words of a man’s mouth are deep waters; & the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream 0 These two lines are parallel and it is implied that the man in the first line is a wise man. Alternate translation: “The words of a wise man’s mouth are deep waters; … the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18:4 nv82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The words of a man’s mouth are deep waters 0 This speaks of a wise man’s words being profound as if they were profound and as deep as deep waters. Alternate translation: “The words of a man’s mouth are as profound as deep waters” or “The words of a man’s mouth are deep and profound”
18:4 mk4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche a man’s mouth 0 Here the man is referred to by his mouth to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “of a man”
18:4 mn87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream 0 This speaks of the source of wisdom being plentiful as if it were a gushing spring. The gushing of the spring is spoken of as if it were a flowing stream. Alternate translation: “the source of wisdom is as plentiful as the water of a gushing spring”
18:5 fi7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes It is not good to … to the righteous person 0 These phrases can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “It is good to treat the wicked person as he deserves, and to be just to the righteous person”
18:6 p2qv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche A fool’s lips bring 0 Here the fool is referred to by his “lips” to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “what a fool says brings”
18:6 zxu7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his mouth invites a beating 0 This speaks of the fool saying things that cause people to want to beat him as if he were inviting them to beat him. Alternate translation: “his mouth makes people want to beat him”
18:6 z4ii rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his mouth 0 Here what the fool says is referred to as his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “what he says”
18:7 iwj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy A fool’s mouth … with his lips 0 Both of these phrases refer to what a fool says. Alternate translation: “What a fool says … by what he says”
18:7 e4r4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he ensnares himself 0 This speaks of the man causing problems and trouble for himself as if he were trapping himself like a man traps an animal. Alternate translation: “he will cause problems for himself”
18:8 iu3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile The words of a gossip are like delicious morsels 0 This speaks of the words of a gossip being desirable to listen to as if they were delicious food to eat. Alternate translation: “The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to” or
18:8 vd95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession The words of a gossip 0 This refers to what a gossiping person says. Alternate translation: “The words that a gossiping person speaks”
18:8 mr15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they go down into the inner parts of the body 0 This speaks of the words of a gossip going into a person’s mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. Alternate translation: “and they enter a person’s mind and affect his thoughts”
18:9 uih2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor one who is slack in his work is a brother to the one who destroys 0 This speaks of the one who is slack being similar to the one who destroys as if they were actually related. Alternate translation: “is closely related to” or “is very similar to”
18:10 ktq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The name of Yahweh is a strong tower 0 This speaks of Yahweh protecting his people as if he were a strong tower in which they could take refuge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh protects like a strong tower” or “Yahweh protects his people like a strong tower”
18:10 f4nm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The name of Yahweh 0 Here Yahweh is referred to by his name. Alternate translation: “Yahweh”
18:10 dtz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the righteous 0 This refers to righteous people. Alternate translation: “those who are righteous” or “righteous people”
18:10 gkx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor runs into it and is safe 0 This speaks of people seeking safety from Yahweh and Yahweh protecting them as if he were a strong tower that they ran into for safety. Alternate translation: “run to him and they are safe” or “seek him and they are safe”
18:11 vhu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The wealth of the rich is his fortified city 0 This speaks of a rich person depending on his wealth as if his wealth were a fortified wall that protects him. Alternate translation: “The wealthy person depends on his wealth as a city depends on its fortified wall”
18:11 bgq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the rich 0 This refers to people who are rich. Alternate translation: “the rich person”
18:11 kei5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile in his imagination it is like a high wall 0 This speaks of the rich person believing his wealth will keep him safe like a high wall keeps those inside a city safe. Alternate translation: “he thinks it protects him as well as a high wall”
18:12 t2l5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche a person’s heart 0 Here a person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “a person”
18:12 dy4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns humility comes before honor 0 The word “humility” may be expressed as an adjective and the word “honor” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person must be humble before he can be honored”
18:13 cj6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns it is his folly and shame 0 The abstract nouns “folly” and “shame” may be expressed as adjectives. Alternate translation: “it is foolish of him, and he should be ashamed”
18:14 jnm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche A person’s spirit will survive sickness 0 Here a person is referred to by his spirit to emphasize his attitude. Alternate translation: “A person who is hopeful will survive sickness” or “If a person is full of hope in his inner being, he will survive being sick”
18:14 v3f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion but a broken spirit who can bear it? 0 This is a rhetorical question, expecting the answer that few can bear it. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “but it is very hard to bear a broken spirit.”
18:14 b1vb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom a broken spirit 0 This refers to being depressed. Alternate translation: “being depressed”
18:15 e4fm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche The heart of the intelligent acquires 0 Here the intelligent person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his desires. Alternate translation: “The intelligent desire to acquire”
18:15 p7l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the intelligent 0 This refers to people who are intelligent. Alternate translation: “those who are intelligent” or “intelligent people”
18:15 xwh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hearing of the wise seeks it out 0 Here the wise person is referred to by his hearing to emphasize what he desires to listen to. Alternate translation: “the wise seeks to learn about it”
18:15 a1ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the wise 0 This refers to people who are wise. Alternate translation: “those who are wise” or “wise people”
18:16 zkj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom may open the way 0 Here to “open the way” means to create an opportunity. Alternate translation: “may create an opportunity for him”
18:16 wr8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom bring him before 0 This means to be allowed to see someone. Alternate translation: “let him meet” or “let him be introduced to”
18:17 ct71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal The first to plead his case 0 This refers to the person who pleads his case before his opponent pleads his case. Alternate translation: “The first person to plead his case” or “The person who pleads his case first” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
18:18 n3hk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit separates strong opponents 0 This refers to people who are fighting harshly over a dispute. When they are separated, they are no longer fighting over their dispute. Alternate translation: “causes opponents to stop fighting over their dispute”
18:19 dcj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor An offended brother is harder to be won than a strong city 0 This speaks of the difficulty of making peace with a brother you have offended by comparing it to the difficulty of winning a war against a strong city. Alternate translation: “If you offend your brother, finding a way to have peace with him again may be harder than waging a battle to win a city”
18:19 zq5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile quarreling is like the bars of a castle 0 This speaks of the difficulty of resolving quarreling by comparing it to the difficulty of breaking down the bars of a castle. Alternate translation: “resolving quarreling is as difficult as breaking down the bars of a castle”
18:20 qaf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism From the fruit of his mouth one’s stomach is filled; with the harvest of his lips he is satisfied 0 These two lines have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize what is said. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “A person is satisfied by the results of the good things that he says”
18:20 h4tr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the fruit of his mouth 0 This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that came from his mouth. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words”
18:20 p1z6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor one’s stomach is filled 0 This speaks of a person being satisfied or content by the result of what they have said as if they had eaten and become satisfied” Alternate translation: “a person is satisfied”
18:20 r4ee rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the harvest of his lips 0 This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that is harvested. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words”
18:21 flt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Death and life are controlled by the tongue 0 This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “The tongue can lead to life of death” or “What people say can lead to life or death”
18:21 n65f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy by the tongue … love the tongue 0 Here the “tongue” refers to speech. Alternate translation: “by what people say … love speaking”
18:21 l141 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will eat its fruit 0 This speaks of a person receiving the consequence for what he says as if the consequences were fruit that he receives. Alternate translation: “will receive its consequences”
18:24 wg3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive many friends is brought to ruin by them 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “many friends--they will bring him to ruin” or “many friends--his friends will destroy him”
18:24 zc7f comes closer than 0 Alternate translation: “is more faithful than” or “stays more loyal than”
19:intro nbz8 0 # Proverbs 19 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 19 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
19:1 ev8n Better is a poor person 0 Alternate translation: “It is better to be a poor person”
19:1 bpi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom who walks in his integrity 0 This is an idiom. Here walking refers to living. Alternate translation: “who lives in his integrity” or “who lives an honest life”
19:1 wj4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns is perverse in speech 0 The word “speech” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks in an evil way”
19:2 u1uj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to have desire without knowledge 0 This refers to people trying to do something without the knowledge for how to correctly do it. Alternate translation: “to work hard without knowing what you are doing”
19:2 f2pu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the one who runs too fast misses the path 0 This speaks of a person doing something too quickly and making mistakes as if running too quickly and missing the path. Alternate translation: “the one who acts too quickly makes mistakes” or “the one who acts too quickly makes poor choices”
19:3 ivv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his heart rages 0 Here a person is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions. Alternate translation: “he rages”
19:4 q8uv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Wealth adds many friends 0 This means that a person who is wealthy will have many friends because wealth attracts people. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who are wealthy easily find many friends”
19:4 v5qy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a poor person is separated from his friends 0 A poor person is separated from many of his friends because of his poverty. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “poverty causes a person to lose his friends”
19:5 l99e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives A false witness will not go unpunished 0 This can be written in positive and active form. Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
19:5 i2ws rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes he who breathes out lies will not escape 0 This means that he will be captured. Alternate translation: “they will capture the one who breathes out lies”
19:5 q13j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom breathes out lies 0 This is an idiom. Here “breathes” refers to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies”
19:6 q978 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole everyone is a friend 0 The word “everyone” is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “it seems that everyone is a friend” or “almost everyone is a friend”
19:7 vs3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit how much more do his friends who go far away from him! 0 This phrase is an exclamation to show that this is more likely than the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “therefore his friends will certainly hate him and go far away from him!”
19:8 ll4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy loves his own life 0 Here the person is referred to by his “life” to emphasize himself being alive. Alternate translation: “loves himself”
19:9 phm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives A false witness will not go unpunished 0 This can be written in positive and active form. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:5](../19/05.md). Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
19:9 a1nm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom breathes out lies 0 This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies”
19:10 pq5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis much less for a slave 0 The words “it is” and “fitting” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “it is much less fitting for a slave” or “it is even worse for a slave”
19:11 ah27 Discretion makes a person slow to anger 0 Alternate translation: “A person who has discretion is slow to become angry”
19:11 j1li Discretion 0 This means to know what should be done in a particular situation. See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md).
19:11 p96c it is his glory to overlook 0 Alternate translation: “it will bring him glory to overlook” or “others will consider it honorable if he overlooks”
19:12 vbv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile The wrath of the king is like the roaring of a young lion 0 Here the lion’s roaring refers to attacking. The wrath of a king is compared to the unpredictable and dangerous attack of a young lion. Alternate translation: “The wrath of the king is as dangerous as the attack of a young lion” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
19:12 m29g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile but his favor is like dew on the grass 0 The favor of the king is compared to the refreshing water that appears on grass in the morning. Alternate translation: “but his favor is refreshing like dew on grass” or “but his favor is refreshing like the dew on the ground in the morning”
19:13 s1nw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a quarreling wife is a constant dripping of water 0 This speaks of an annoying wife as if she were the constant dripping of water. Alternate translation: “a quarreling wife is as annoying and distracting as a constant dripping of water”
19:14 t54q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive A house and wealth are inherited from parents 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Children inherit a house and wealth from their parents”
19:14 jw8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a prudent wife is from Yahweh 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gives a prudent wife”
19:15 ye6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Laziness throws a person into a deep sleep 0 This speaks of how laziness causes a person to sleep a lot as if laziness forcefully throws the person into sleep. Alternate translation: “Laziness makes a person sleep a lot” or “A lazy person sleeps a lot”
19:15 jcb5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom go hungry 0 This is an idiom which means to not eat. Alternate translation: “not eat” or “be hungry”
19:16 ik59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom his ways 0 This is an idiom which refers to how he lives. Alternate translation: “the way that he lives” or “how he lives”
19:17 zw6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Whoever is kind to the poor lends to Yahweh 0 Yahweh considers kindness shown to the poor to be kindness shown to him. One of the ways people are kind to the poor is by giving. Alternate translation: “The person who gives to the poor is giving to Yahweh”
19:17 qx9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the poor 0 This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” or “poor people”
19:18 nw29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit while there is hope 0 This refers to while the child is young and will still accept discipline and instruction. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “while he is young” or “while he can still be taught”
19:18 md5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and do not set your desire on putting him to death 0 This could mean: (1) this phrase describes punishing your child. Alternate translation: “but do not punish him so severely that he might die” or (2) this phrase describes what it is like if you do not punish your child. Alternate translation: “for if you do not punish him you are helping him destroy himself”
19:18 hky1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom set your desire on putting him 0 This idiom means to be determined to cause something to happen. Alternate translation: “be determined to put him”
19:19 n85t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom A hot-tempered person 0 This idiom refers to a person who is easily angered. Alternate translation: “A person who does not control his temper” or “A person who becomes angry quickly”
19:19 f2vs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom must pay the penalty 0 This refers to the person bearing the consequences for what happens when he gets angry. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “must bear the consequences of his anger” or “must bear the consequences of what he does in his anger” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:19 s1da rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit if you rescue him 0 “if you save him.” This refers to rescuing him when he has acted out of his anger. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “if you rescue him after he has had an outburst”
19:19 dnq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal a second time 0 “another time” or “again”
19:20 gby8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Listen to advice and accept instruction 0 These two phrases mean basically the same and are repeated to emphasize how important it is.
19:20 egn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Listen to advice 0 This is an idiom. Here “listening” does not mean to merely listen, but to learn from the advice you are given and to follow it. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to advice” or “Follow advice”
19:21 c7qg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in a person’s heart 0 Here the “heart” is used to refer to the “mind” to emphasize a person’s desire. Alternate translation: “in a person’s mind” or “that a person desires”
19:21 q568 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom that will stand 0 This idiom means to “happen.” Alternate translation: “that will happen”
19:23 x7qy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Honor for Yahweh leads people to life; anyone who has it will be satisfied 0 This means that they will live a long time if they honor Yahweh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who honor Yahweh will live a long time; anyone who honors Yahweh will be satisfied”
19:23 gyg5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive satisfied and not afflicted by harm 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “satisfied; nothing will harm him” or “satisfied; he will be safe”
19:24 wf2e sluggard 0 See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 10:26](../10/26.md).
19:24 r5yj buries his hand in the dish 0 “dips his hand in the dish” or “puts his hand in his plate.” In the Biblical culture people usually ate with their hands as people do in many cultures today.
19:24 r3ts rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he will not even bring it back up to his mouth 0 He does not bring his hand back to his mouth because he is too lazy. Alternate translation: “but he is too lazy to bring his hand up to his mouth to feed himself”
19:25 wwq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns he will gain knowledge 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “know.” Alternate translation: “he will know more”
19:26 g233 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit brings shame and reproach 0 This could mean: (1) he brings it to himself. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to himself” or (2) he brings it to his family. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to his family”
19:27 n4av rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy If you cease to hear instruction 0 Here “listening and obeying” is spoken of as if it were “hearing.” Alternate translation: “If you stop paying attention to instruction” or “If you stop obeying instruction”
19:28 d2w1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the mouth of the wicked swallows iniquity 0 This speaks of how wicked people enjoy doing evil by saying that they swallow iniquity as easily as they swallow food. Alternate translation: “the wicked enjoy doing evil as much as they enjoy eating food”
19:28 aq9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the mouth of the wicked swallows 0 The phrase “the mouth of the wicked” represents wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people swallow” or “the wicked swallow”
19:28 g9y4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the wicked 0 This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “the wicked person”
19:29 d4f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Condemnation is ready for mockers and flogging for 0 The words “condemnation” and “flogging” may be expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is ready to condemn mockers and to flog”
19:29 ray2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis flogging for the backs of fools 0 The words “is ready” are understood from the previous phrase and may be repeated. Alternate translation: “flogging is ready for the backs of fools” or “he is ready to flog the backs”
19:29 r21d flogging 0 beating with a whip or stick
20:intro e8g2 0 # Proverbs 20 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 20 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
20:1 p893 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Wine is a mocker and strong drink is a brawler 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize the danger of too much alcohol.
20:1 v7zx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Wine is a mocker 0 Here “wine” refers to the person who is drunk with wine. Alternate translation: “A person who is drunk with wine mocks”
20:1 qa7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy strong drink is a brawler 0 Here “strong drink” refers to a person who is drunk with strong drink. Alternate translation: “a person who is drunk with strong drink starts fights”
20:1 ne6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive whoever is led astray by drink is not wise 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whoever drinks until they can no longer think clearly”
20:1 k4sv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes is not wise 0 This means the opposite of “wise” which is “foolish.” Alternate translation: “is foolish”
20:2 p628 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile The fear of a king is like the fear of a young lion that is roaring 0 This compares how people fear a king’s wrath to how they fear a young roaring lion. Alternate translation: “The king’s wrath makes people as afraid as if they were facing a young lion roaring at them”
20:2 rl5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism forfeits his life 0 This refers to being killed. “Life” here refers to physical life. Alternate translation: “will die”
20:3 gf5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor every fool jumps into an argument 0 This speaks of entering an argument quickly as if the argument were something the fool physically jumped into. Alternate translation: “every fool quickly gets into an argument” or “every fool is quick to join an argument”
20:4 z5wi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit but will have nothing 0 This means that there will be nothing growing in his field for him to harvest. Alternate translation: “but will have nothing to harvest”
20:5 f8de rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile The purpose in a human heart is like deep water 0 This speaks of how difficult it is to understand the reasons for a person’s actions by comparing it to the difficulty of reaching the water in a deep well. Alternate translation: “It is as difficult to understand the purpose in the human heart as it is to reach the water in a deep well” or “The purpose of in the human heart is very difficult to understand”
20:5 fk7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will draw it out 0 This speaks of figuring out the purpose of the human heart as if it was water being drawn from a deep well. Alternate translation: “will cause the purpose to be known” or “will figure it out”
20:6 xut9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion but who can find one who is faithful? 0 The implicit answer is “few can find someone like that.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “but few men can find a person who is faithful!” or “but it is hard to find a person who really is faithful!”
20:7 s7th rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom walks in his integrity 0 Here walking refers to living. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:1](../19/01.md). Alternate translation: “lives by his integrity” or “lives an honest life”
20:7 y2ed rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit his sons who follow after him 0 This simply means that they “follow after him” since they are younger than he and his children. If this phrase is awkward in your language it may be left to be implied. Alternate translation: “his sons after him” or “his sons”
20:8 j9up rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor is winnowing with his eyes all the evil that is before him 0 This speaks of the king judging between various types of evil as if he were separating them as a person winnows grain. Alternate translation: “sees and sorts the different kinds of evils that are brought before him”
20:9 p5m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who can say, “I have kept my heart pure; I am clean from my sin”? 0 The implicit answer to this question is, “No one can say that.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can say that his heart is clean and that he is free from sin”
20:9 s43m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my heart 0 Here a person’s “heart” refers to his thoughts and desires. Alternate translation: “my thoughts”
20:9 d5hx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor clean 0 A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person where physically clean.
20:11 yym3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Even a youth is known by his actions 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People know a young man by his actions”
20:11 we5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet pure and upright 0 These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how good this young person is. They can be combined into one word if necessary. Alternate translation: “pure”
20:13 h9et rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom come to poverty 0 The phrase “come to” here means to transition into a new situation; to become. Alternate translation: “become poor”
20:13 ee3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy open your eyes 0 Here “opening one’s eyes” is spoken of as “being awake.” Alternate translation: “stay awake” or “be alert”
20:14 zh4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit “Bad! Bad!” says the buyer, but when he goes away he boasts 0 Here a buyer is criticizing what someone is selling to get a low price from him. After he buys he boasts about the good price that he pursuaded the seller to give him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “‘Bad! Bad!’ says the buyer criticizing the seller’s wares, but after he buys he goes away he boasting about the low price that he paid”
20:15 cv2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor lips of knowledge are a precious jewel 0 This speaks of the value of lips of knowledge by comparing them to a precious jewel. Alternate translation: “lips of knowledge are as valuable as an expensive jewel”
20:15 tt4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy lips of knowledge 0 Here “words” are referred to as “lips.” Alternate translation: “wise words” or “words of knowledge”
20:16 sn35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Take a garment of one who has put up security for a stranger 0 When lending money, the lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back”
20:16 cv1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom puts up security 0 This is an idiom. It means that someone gives something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. Alternate translation: “guarantees that what has been borrowed will be paid back” or “promises to pay a loan”
20:16 e647 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom hold it in pledge 0 This is an idiom. To “hold something in pledge” means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. Alternate translation: “hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment”
20:17 zi4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Bread gained by deceit 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Bread that someone gained by deceit”
20:17 gjt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns by deceit 0 The word “deceit” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “by deceiving others”
20:17 lnt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Bread 0 Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “Food”
20:17 tu5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor but afterward his mouth will be full of gravel 0 This speaks of the food tasting unpleasant as if his mouth were actually full of gravel instead of food. Alternate translation: “but afterwards it tastes like gravel in his mouth” or “but soon it tastes like sand in his mouth”
20:18 mjl4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Plans are established by advice 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People establish plans based on advice”
20:20 el23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his lamp will be snuffed out in the middle of darkness 0 This speaks of a person dying suddenly and unexpectedly as if his life were a lamp snuffed out in the dark. Alternate translation: “his life will end as suddenly as the light of a lamp that is snuffed out in the dark” or “he will die suddenly”
20:20 e6a4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive his lamp will be snuffed out 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his lamp will go out”
20:20 un31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his lamp 0 This refers to a lamp with a burning flame. Here the lamp’s flame is referred to as the lamp itself. Alternate translation: “the flame of his lamp”
20:21 mk5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit at the beginning 0 This refers to a person receiving his inheritance before he is supposed to receive it. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “before the right time”
20:22 pj94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will pay you back 0 This means to do wrong to someone because they have done wrong to you. Alternate translation: “I will punish you”
20:22 ti5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Wait for Yahweh 0 This means to have faith that Yahweh will deal with the situation. Alternate translation: “Have faith in Yahweh” or “Hope in Yahweh”
20:23 x2rc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Yahweh hates unequal weights and dishonest scales are not good 0 These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are combined to emphasize how bad this is.
20:24 re6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive A person’s steps are directed by Yahweh 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh directs a person’s steps”
20:24 i9ej rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche A person’s steps 0 This refers to the various things a person does. Alternate translation: “A person’s actions”
20:24 mfy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion how then can he understand his way? 0 The implicit answer is that he cannot understand it. This rhetorical question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “therefore, a person cannot understand his way”
20:24 s44t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom understand his way 0 This is an idiom. The phrase “his way” refers to the person’s life. Alternate translation: “understand why some things happen in his life”
20:25 qfw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor It is a snare 0 This speaks of something being dangerous as if it were a trap or a snare. Alternate translation: “It is dangerous”
20:25 tt8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit making his vow 0 The person has made a vow declaring that something is holy and dedicated to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “dedicating it to Yahweh” or “declaring it holy”
20:26 cgd9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor winnows the wicked 0 This speaks of the king separating the wicked people as if they were grain that he was winnowing. Alternate translation: “separates the wicked”
20:26 m44h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the wicked 0 This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked” or “the wicked people”
20:26 rs2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he turns a threshing wheel over them 0 This speaks of the king punishing the wicked as if he were driving a threshing wheel over them. Alternate translation: “he severely punishes them”
20:27 x5vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The spirit of a person is the lamp of Yahweh, searching all his inmost parts 0 This speaks of a person’s spirit as if it were a lamp. A person’s spirit helps him to understand his inner self. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given us a spirit to understand our deepest selves, just as a lamp makes you see in the dark”
20:28 f9he rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness preserve the king 0 The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The king preserves himself by being trustworthy and faithful to the covenant” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
20:28 dym8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his throne is made secure by love 0 Here “throne” represents the king’s power to rule. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Also, If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a king ensures that he will rule for a long time by loving others” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
20:30 g7u1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Blows that make a wound cleanse away evil and beatings make the innermost parts clean 0 Both statements mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. Using physical punishment to correct a person is spoken of as if the evil were dirt and the beatings cleansed him. Alternate translation: “Beating a person who has done wrong will correct him and cause him to be a better person” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:intro ge8s 0 # Proverbs 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 21 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
21:1 w5md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The king’s heart is a stream of water in the hand of Yahweh 0 The writer speaks of the king’s heart as if it were an irrigation ditch in a dry area through which people direct water to plants that need it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh controls the king’s heart as a man directs water for irrigation”
21:1 t1m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The king’s heart 0 The heart is a metaphor for what a person thinks and what he wants to do. Alternate translation: “The king’s thoughts and actions” or “What the king thinks and what he wants to do”
21:2 yz3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Every person’s way is right in his own eyes 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if it that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “Every person thinks that what he does is good” or “Every person judges what he does as good”
21:2 xmb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who weighs the hearts 0 The writer speaks of Yahweh deciding whether a person desires to do what is right as if Yahweh were looking at a physical object and deciding whether it is of good quality. Alternate translation: “who will judge the motives” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:4 ps7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Haughty eyes and a proud heart 0 The words “eyes” and “heart” are synecdoches for a person who considers himself better than other people and wants other people to know it. Alternate translation: “People who want others to think that they are better than other people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
21:4 xvr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Haughty eyes 0 This is a synecdoche for a person who wants others to know that he thinks he is better than they are.
21:4 gk4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche proud heart 0 This is a synecdoche for a person who thinks he is better than others.
21:4 y68u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the lamp of the wicked 0 The things that help the wicked are spoken of as a lamp. Alternate translation: “the things that help a wicked person like a lamp helps to see in the dark”
21:5 mmd8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the diligent 0 This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “a diligent man” or “a man who works hard”
21:5 xi4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns comes only to poverty 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “only becomes poor”
21:6 bc5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a lying tongue 0 The tongue is a metonym for the words a person uses the tongue to speak. Alternate translation: “speaking lies”
21:6 w3kd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a fleeting vapor 0 The writer likens the riches a person gains by lying to a mist that quickly goes away in the morning. Alternate translation: “a disappearing mist”
21:6 l9ag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a snare that kills 0 The writer speaks of the riches that a person gains by lying as if it were the bait in a hunter’s trap; the word “snare” is a metonym for the bait that attracts the animal into the snare. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:7 zn7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The violence of the wicked will drag them away 0 The writer speaks as though violence were a person who could drag other people away. God will punish wicked people who harm their innocent neighbors.
21:7 ce4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns violence of the wicked 0 Here, **violence** refers to violent deeds or things people do to harm their innocent neighbors. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **violence**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. The word **wicked** is a nominal adjective that refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “The violent actions of wicked people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
21:7 i5j5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit drag them away 0 This phrase refers to dragging a net through water to catch fish. The wicked being destroyed by their own actions is spoken of as if their actions trapped them in a net like one would catch fish. AT “drag them away like fish” or “destroy them as easily as one catches fish in a net” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:8 qgr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The way of a guilty person is crooked 0 This compares the way one lives to a crooked road one may travel. This is also an idiom. Alternate translation: “The way a guilty person lives is crooked” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:8 y9c2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor crooked 0 Here “crooked” means bent or not straight. This is a metaphor for morally wrong. Alternate translation: “wrong”
21:9 gff3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a corner of the roof 0 Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof.
21:10 x3rs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The appetite of the wicked craves evil 0 The writer speaks of a person’s appetite, the physical desire for food and drink, as if it were a person who could desire something. The word “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil people, and the word “evil” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil deeds. Alternate translation: “Evil people desire to do evil deeds just as they desire to eat and drink” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
21:10 d5qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom his neighbor finds no favor in his eyes 0 The idiom to “find favor” means to have someone approve of and act kindly towards the one who finds favor. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents a person’s thoughts and attitude towards another person. Alternate translation: “his neighbor does not receive favor from him” or “he does not act kindly towards his neighbor” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:11 rd8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive When the mocker is punished 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When someone punishes the mocker”
21:11 m512 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive when the wise person is instructed 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone instructs the wise person”
21:11 ylu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor lays hold of knowledge 0 Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could grasp and keep for himself.
21:12 tem1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he brings wicked people to disaster 0 Here disaster is spoken of as if it were a place that someone could be brought to. Alternate translation: “he destroys them”
21:13 uc5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The one who shuts his ears to the cry of the poor 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The one who will not listen when poor people ask for help”
21:13 iv38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he will not be answered 0 The word “answered” is a metonym for a person hearing another person ask for help and acting to help. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will do anything to help him” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:15 p2ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns When justice is done 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a noun phrase. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When rulers do what is just” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:16 cj4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom wanders from the way of understanding 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “no longer lives wisely”
21:18 mh2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor is ransom for 0 The word “ransom” is a metaphor for one person who takes the place of another person. Here the person who does what is wrong is punished instead of the person who does what is right.
21:20 r84p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj wise 0 This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “wise person”
21:22 w292 the stronghold in which they trusted 0 Alternate translation: “the walls and towers around the city that they did not think anyone would be able to get past into the city, so they felt safe”
21:23 xw3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet Whoever guards his mouth and tongue 0 Both “mouth” and “tongue” refer to what a person says. Alternate translation: “Whoever is careful in what he says” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:24 c77j The proud and haughty person … acts with arrogant pride 0 Alternate translation: “You can expect a proud and haughty people to act with arrogant pride”
21:24 m76a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet proud and haughty 0 These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how prideful the person is.
21:24 rf25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy “Mocker” is his name 0 The word “name” is a metonym for what people would call him. Alternate translation: “a mocker is what you should call him”
21:25 pzb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The desire of the lazy kills him 0 The writer speaks of what a person wants as if it were a person who could kill a lazy person. Here the lazy person wants to be idle and not work. Alternate translation: “A lazy person only wants to be idle, and because of that he will die” or “A lazy person will die because he does not want to work” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
21:25 dt4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his hands refuse 0 The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “he refuses”
21:26 es9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes gives and does not hold back 0 The phrase “does not hold back” can be stated positively, and what he gives can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “gives everything he should” or “gives generously”
21:27 fq9a The sacrifice of the wicked is detestable 0 The writer does not mention Yahweh here, as in [Proverbs 15:8](../15/08.md), but the reader should understand that it is Yahweh who detests the sacrifice of the wicked.
21:27 l3le rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the wicked 0 The nominal adjective “wicked” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” or “wicked people”
21:29 z6tg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom makes his face hard 0 This could mean: (1) “pretends to be courageous” or (2) “will not listen to correction.”
21:29 ts1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor is certain about his ways 0 A person’s actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which the person walks. Alternate translation: “is certain about what he does” or “is confident about what he does”
21:30 n8kt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns There is no wisdom, there is no understanding, and there is no advice that 0 The words “there is” are repeated to emphasize the abstract nouns “wisdom,” “understanding,” and “advice.” Yahweh is greater than anything that anyone can know or think or say. Your language may require that you not repeat “there is no.” The abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “There is no wise person, there is no one who understands anything, and there is no one who tells others what to do who” or “There is no wisdom, understanding, or advice that”
21:30 k3pe stand against Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “defeat Yahweh” or “work against what Yahweh wants to do” or “show that he is right and Yahweh is wrong”
21:31 j1hq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The horse is prepared for the day of battle 0 These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Soldiers prepare horses for the day of battle”
21:31 i6w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the day of battle 0 The word “day” refers to time that may be longer or shorter than a day. Alternate translation: “when there is a battle”
22:intro t5zj 0 # Proverbs 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 22 ends the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to the “Wise Men.” The exact identity of the men is unknown.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nWith this new section of proverbs, the author begins to use many rhetorical questions. The obvious answers should convince the reader. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
22:1 but9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive A good name is to be chosen over great riches 0 These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person should choose a good name rather than great riches”
22:5 e8f6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Thorns and snares lie in the path of the perverse 0 The writer speaks of the way perverse people live as if it were a path on which the perverse will have trouble because of the natural “thorns” and man-made “snares.”
22:5 dku9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the perverse 0 This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “perverse people”
22:5 f1ap rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor whoever guards his life 0 A person doing what he needs to do so he can live a long time is spoken of as if that person were keeping thieves away from a physical object. Alternate translation: “people who want to live a long time”
22:6 je4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the way he should go 0 How a person lives is spoken of as if it were a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “how he should live”
22:7 dk14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit borrows … lends 0 You may need to make explicit what it is that is borrowed or lent. Alternate translation: “borrows money … lends money”
22:8 l36j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He who sows injustice will reap trouble 0 The writer speaks of a ruler or other powerful person treating those less powerful unjustly as if he were planting seeds that will give birth to plants that bring trouble. Alternate translation: “If a person treats those less powerful than he is unjustly, they will cause him trouble later on”
22:8 htf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the rod of his fury will fade away 0 The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. This could mean: (1) the unjust ruler will lose the power that he had that allowed him to treat other people unjustly or (2) when the people respond to the injustice he had done by harming him, he will have no power to stop them. Alternate translation: “he will no longer have the power that he had used to harm people”
22:8 yu9g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rod of his fury 0 The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. The unjust man was harming innocent people as if he were very angry with them. Alternate translation: “the rod he had used as if he were punishing people” or “the power he used to harm others”
22:9 nxi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The one who has a generous eye will be blessed 0 These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who has a generous eye”
22:9 zhf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy one who has a generous eye 0 The eye is a metonym for seeing what other people need, and the “generous eye” not only sees but gives what the other people need. The eye is also a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “generous person” or “person who is willing to give things to other people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
22:9 vs46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy bread 0 Since bread was the main food for many people in biblical times, it is often used to refer to food in general.
22:10 t6nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns disputes and insults will cease 0 The abstract nouns “disputes” and “insults” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “people will no longer argue with each other or say things to hurt each other”
22:11 xzb6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche loves a pure heart 0 It is his own heart that the person wants to be pure. The heart is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “loves having a pure heart” or “wants to be pure”
22:12 swt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche The eyes of Yahweh keep watch over 0 The eyes are a synecdoche for the person. The writer speaks as if Yahweh had physical eyes like a person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh keeps watch over” or “Yahweh guards knowledge” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
22:12 s2lr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy keep watch over knowledge 0 Keeping watch is s metonym for protecting. Alternate translation: “protect knowledge”
22:12 q7yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the treacherous 0 The nominal adjective treacherous can be translated as a noun phrase. Translate “treacherous” as in [Proverbs 11:3](../11/03.md). Alternate translation: “a treacherous person”
22:13 jg67 The lazy person says 0 The quote that follows is a lie and an excuse for not working. If your language introduces false statements in a special way, you can use that here.
22:14 eq5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The mouth of an adulteress is a deep pit 0 The word “mouth” is a metonym for the words that come out of the mouth. The writer speaks of a person being unable to escape having people punish him for evil deeds as if that person had fallen into a hole someone had dug in the ground from which he could not escape. Alternate translation: “The words spoken by an adulteress will draw you in, and it will be as if you have fallen into a deep and dangerous pit” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:14 l326 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Yahweh’s anger is stirred up 0 Here “stirred up” means that his anger increased. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is angry”
22:14 fin1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor falls into it 0 Adultery is spoken of as if it is something that a person can fall into. Alternate translation: “sins because of the adulteress”
22:15 j283 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the rod of discipline 0 The writer speaks of a parent using any form of discipline as if that parent were hitting the child with a wooden rod.
22:15 dk18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor drives it far away 0 The writer speaks as if foolishness were a person that another person could use a physical rod to drive away. Alternate translation: “will make a child wise”
22:17 lgs9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Incline your ear and listen 0 Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated “incline your ear” in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “Pay attention and listen” or “Listen attentively” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:17 pi8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom apply your heart to 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “do your best to understand and remember”
22:17 i9n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns my knowledge 0 The person speaking is probably the same as the father from [Proverbs 1:8](../01/08.md). He may be speaking of “the words of the wise” as “my knowledge.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “know.” Alternate translation: “the knowledge I have, which I am sharing with you” or “what I know”
22:18 nl9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all of them are ready on your lips 0 The person being ready to speak is spoken of as if it were the words that were ready. Alternate translation: “you are able to speak of them at any time”
22:19 wr39 today—even to you 0 “today. Yes, I am teaching you,” The speaker is emphasizing that it is the hearer, not someone else whom he is teaching, and he is teaching the hearer because the hearer needs to learn. If it is awkward in your language to emphasize in this way, you can emphasize in another way or the words “even to you” can be left untranslated.
22:21 q8xu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion to teach you … who sent you? 0 These words end the rhetorical question that began with the words “Have I not written” in Proverbs 22:20. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. “You need to know that I have written … to teach you … who sent you.”
22:22 aq5t Do not rob … or crush 0 If your language has a way of showing that this is the way one person would speak strongly to another, different from a general rule that people are supposed to obey, you should use it here.
22:22 su1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the poor 0 This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any poor person” or “poor people”
22:22 tq59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor crush 0 grind into powder. This is a metaphor for “treat unjustly.”
22:22 ws7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the needy 0 This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any needy person” or “any person who does not have what he needs to live”
22:22 z1ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy at the gate 0 The place where people bought and sold items and settled legal arguments is used as a metonym for business and legal activity. Alternate translation: “in court”
22:23 a2vp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh will plead their case 0 The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will defend the needy from those who oppress them” or “Yahweh will see that the needy receive justice”
22:23 m5k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he will rob of life those who robbed them 0 Yahweh is not a thief, but like a thief he will take life from those who do not choose to give it. Alternate translation: “he will destroy those who oppress poor people”
22:25 s2i8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will take bait for your soul 0 A person who wants to be like an angry person is like an animal taking the bait in a trap. Alternate translation: “you will be like an animal that eats the bait that closes a trap and is unable to escape”
22:25 jh2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy bait for your soul 0 The soul is a metonym for the person’s life. Alternate translation: “bait that someone has put out so he can kill you”
22:26 rnd6 strikes hands 0 A person would strike his hand against another person’s hand to bind himself to do what he had agreed to do. Here the speaker warns the hearer not to strike hands as a way to promise to pay off someone’s debts.
22:26 wt7u in making a pledge 0 Alternate translation: “and agree to pay what someone owes to another person”
22:29 y4ub rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you see a man skilled at his work? 0 This rhetorical question is actually a command. Alternate translation: “Think of someone you know who is skilled at his work”
22:29 e6ii rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy stand before 0 This represents becoming a servant of the important person. Kings and other important people will think so highly of him that they will use his services.
23:intro eva7 0 # Proverbs 23 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
23:2 lu62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole put a knife to your throat 0 Possible meanings of this exaggeration are: (1) “be very careful not to eat too much” or (2) “do not eat anything at all” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
23:5 n9hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor light upon it 0 land like a bird upon the wealth (verse 4). This is a metaphor for looking at the wealth for a short time.
23:5 sp17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor it will surely take up wings like an eagle and fly off 0 A person losing his wealth is spoken of as if the wealth were a bird. Alternate translation: “the wealth will disappear as quickly as an eagle can fly away”
23:7 lbe8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom his heart is not with you 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he really does not want you to enjoy the meal”
23:8 aw14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole You will vomit up the little you have eaten 0 This is an exaggeration for wishing one had not eaten anything. Alternate translation: “You will wish that you had not eaten anything”
23:8 z3l6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will have wasted your compliments 0 Compliments are spoken of as if they were valuable objects. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compliments**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “he will not be happy even if you say good things about him and the food” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
23:9 u4q5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns in the hearing of a fool 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hearing**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “where a fool can hear you”
23:10 iha4 ancient 0 very old. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
23:10 de8r boundary stone 0 This is a large stone to show where one person’s land ends and another person’s land begins. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
23:10 a9cb encroach 0 This means to slowly take or begin to use land (or some thing) that belongs to someone else.
23:10 n6i1 orphans 0 children whose parents are dead
23:11 bgi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he will plead their case against you 0 The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “he will defend the orphans against you” or “he will see that the orphans receive justice and punish you”
23:12 pgj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Apply your heart to 0 This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:17](../22/17.md). Alternate translation: “Do your best to understand and remember”
23:12 v2r3 instruction 0 This could mean: (1) “what people who know what is right and what is wrong tell you” or (2) “what people say and do when they correct you.”
23:12 jul6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis your ears 0 The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “apply your ears” or “listen carefully”
23:13 qfa7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Do not withhold instruction from a child 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **instruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Do not neglect to instruct a child” or “Do not refuse to instruct a child”
23:14 e27r It is you who must beat him … and save his soul 0 “You are the one who must beat him … and save his soul.” No one else will do it. The hearer is responsible to save the child’s soul from Sheol, and the way to save him is to beat him.
23:14 z89f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy save his soul from Sheol 0 If the hearer beats his children with the rod, they will not die young because they have done foolish or evil things. The word “soul” is a metonym for the person. Sheol is the world of the dead; going to the world of the dead is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “you will keep him from the world of the dead” or “you will keep him from dying” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
23:17 zgy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Do not let your heart envy sinners 0 The word “heart” is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Do not allow yourself to envy sinners” or “Make sure you do not envy sinners”
23:18 d3fz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive your hope will not be cut off 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not allow anyone to cut off your hope” or “God will keep the promises he made to you”
23:19 jg2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor direct your heart in the way 0 Deciding to do what is right is spoken of as if one person were showing another person the correct path to follow. Alternate translation: “make sure you do what is wise”
23:20 sag8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche gluttonous eaters of meat 0 This could mean: (1) “people who eat more meat than they need to” or (2) “meat” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “people who eat more food than they need to”
23:21 z3sn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification slumber will clothe them with rags 0 The word “slumber” is an exaggeration for a person spending so much time enjoying food and drink that he does not do necessary work. This activity is spoken of as if it were a parent putting clothes on a child. Alternate translation: “because they spend so much time eating and drinking, they will do no work and so will become poor” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
23:22 s9it rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes do not despise 0 This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “show respect for”
23:23 smm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Buy the truth, but do not sell it; buy wisdom, instruction, and understanding 0 Another possible meaning is “Buy the truth, and do not sell wisdom, instruction, or understanding.” The words “truth,” “wisdom,” “instruction,” and “understanding” are abstract nouns that are spoken of as if they were physical items that a person can buy and sell in a market. They can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “Do what you need to do so you can know what is true, so you can be wise, so you can learn how to act, and so you can tell good from bad; never think of anything else as more important than these things” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
23:24 qls1 The father of the righteous person will greatly rejoice, and he who begets a wise child will be glad in him 0 Another possible meaning is that the words “he that begets a wise child” explain who “the father of the righteous person” is. Alternate translation: “The father of the righteous person, he who begets a wise child, will greatly rejoice and will be glad in him”
23:24 b6a9 will be glad in him 0 Alternate translation: “will be glad because of him”
23:26 ds3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy give me your heart 0 The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides to do. This could mean: (1) “pay careful attention” or (2) “trust me completely.”
23:26 zdk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche let your eyes observe 0 The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “observe” or “look carefully at”
23:27 b64j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism prostitute … immoral woman 0 There are two types of sexually immoral women. The “prostitute” is unmarried, “another man’s wife” is married. Together they form a merism for any kind of sexually immoral woman.
23:27 y9ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a prostitute is a deep pit 0 The word “pit” is a metaphor for what happens to men who sleep with prostitutes. Alternate translation: “sleeping with a prostitute is like falling into a deep pit”
23:27 zt34 deep pit … narrow well 0 These are two places easy to fall into and hard to get out of, the “pit” because it is “deep” and the “well” because it is “narrow.”
23:27 fys1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor an immoral woman is a narrow well 0 Doing evil for which one will be punished is spoken of as falling into a narrow place from which one cannot escape. Alternate translation: “Sleeping with another man’s wife is like falling into a narrow well”
23:28 ll5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the treacherous 0 This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective or verb. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who harm others by deceiving them”
23:29 l7du rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has fights? Who has complaining? Who has wounds for no reason? Who has bloodshot eyes? 0 The writer uses these questions to prepare the reader for the point he is about to make about a particular type of person. He does not expect an answer to each question. Your language may have a different way of introducing a lesson. Alternate translation: “Listen to me while I tell you what kind of person has woe, sorrow, fights, complaining, wounds for no reason, and bloodshot eyes.”
23:29 yw3q bloodshot eyes 0 Alternate translation: “eyes red, like the color of blood”
23:30 kqg7 Those who linger over wine, those who try the mixed wine 0 These words answer the questions in verse 29 and describe people who drink too much wine.
23:32 cr4n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor it bites like a serpent … it stings like an adder 0 The word “it” refers to “the wine when it is red.” “Bites” and “stings” are metaphors for the way too much wine makes people feel. Alternate translation: “it makes you feel as bad as if a serpent had bitten you or an adder had stung you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
23:33 qfg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche your heart will utter perverse things 0 The “heart” represents the person and emphasize what he thinks and decides to do. Alternate translation: “you will think about and decide to do perverse things”
23:34 s7qb 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). It is the continuation of the description of a drunk person.
23:34 q7lv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom lies on the top of a mast 0 The place on the mast where the person lies can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “lies in the basket near the top of a mast” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
23:34 lxy2 mast 0 the long wooden pole to which are attached the sails of a sailing ship
23:35 c4na They hit me, & but I was not hurt. They beat me, but I did not feel it. 0 Because the drunk person is not thinking clearly, he is imagining that people are hitting and beating him, yet he feels no pain and cannot remember anything.
23:35 d6ej When will I wake up? 0 The drunk person is wondering when he will be sober again; when the effect of the wine will stop.
24:intro nl8m 0 # Proverbs 24 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 24 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter and is mainly filled with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter finishes the section.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Lazy man story\n\nUnlike much of Proverbs, verses 30–34 tell a short story about a lazy man, which ends in a very memorable proverb.\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
24:3 hiy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Through wisdom a house is built 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to be wise if they are to build a good house” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
24:3 q4cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns by understanding it is established 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to understand what is morally good and what is morally bad if they are to establish a house” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
24:3 mq3v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy it is established 0 The word “established” means made stable and strong. The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, and the house being physically stable and strong is a metaphor for a family that lives in peace. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
24:4 ry4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns By knowledge the rooms are filled 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to know what is precious and pleasant if they are to fill their rooms” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
24:5 gya2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns warrior of wisdom 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “wise warrior”
24:5 my2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns a man of knowledge increases his strength 0 The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “strength” can be translated as the verb “know” and the adjective “strong.” Alternate translation: “a man who knows many things is stronger because he knows these things”
24:6 i9sa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns by wise direction 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **direction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “if you have wise people telling you what to do”
24:7 r9t9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom too high for a fool 0 This is an idiom. “too difficult for a fool to understand”
24:7 e2pv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy open his mouth 0 The mouth is a metonym for the words that come from the mouth. Alternate translation: “speak”
24:10 dbq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom your strength is small 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have very little strength” or “you are certainly weak”
24:11 xc8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive those who are being taken away 0 These words can be translated in active form by using the term “they” which could be anyone, but are probably government officials. Alternate translation: “those whom they are taking away”
24:11 kl46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the slaughter 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **slaughter**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. The writer speaks as if those who take them away think of them as no better than animals. If your language has a word for killing animals that would fit here, you might want to use it. Alternate translation: “where people will kill them as they would kill animals” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
24:12 k5el If you say, “Behold, & this,” does 0 The writer is answering something that the reader may wrongly be thinking. Alternate translation: “You may say, ‘Behold, … this,’ but does”
24:12 akd7 Behold, we 0 Alternate translation: “Listen to us! We” or “But we” or “We have done nothing wrong, because we”
24:12 yi61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion does not the one who weighs the heart understand what you are saying? 0 The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the one who weighs the heart understands what you are saying.”
24:12 cx5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism the one who 0 The writer expects the reader to know that “the one” is Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who”
24:12 zda4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy weighs the heart 0 The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and desires. The writer speaks as if what a person thinks and desires were a physical object that a person could weigh, and weighing an object is a metaphor for looking closely at something to see how good it is. Alternate translation: “knows how good what people really think and desire is” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
24:12 pa6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion The one who guards your life, does he not know it? 0 The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “The one who guards your life knows it.”
24:12 m55q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will God not give to each one what he deserves? 0 The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “God will give to each one what he deserves.”
24:14 p5t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive your hope will not be cut off 0 This could mean: (1) this is a simple passive that can be translated as in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will take your hope away” or (2) this is litotes that can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “your hope will surely continue” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
24:15 s1ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Do not lie in wait 0 The words “lie in wait” are an idiom. Translate “lie in wait” as in [Proverbs 1:11](../01/11.md). Alternate translation: “Do not hide and wait for the right time”
24:16 k8ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification wicked people are brought down by calamity 0 The writer speaks as if “calamity” were a person who could do bad things to other people. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will use calamity to bring down the wicked people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
24:16 u49k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor are brought down 0 This is a metaphor of a person who was standing but someone has brought him down to the ground or made him fall.
24:17 by2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche let not your heart be glad 0 This is a strong command. The word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “do not allow yourself to be glad” or “stop yourself from being glad”
24:18 b18i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom turn away his wrath from him 0 The words “turn away his wrath” are an idiom for no longer being angry. What Yahweh would do instead can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “stop being angry with him and be angry with you instead” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
24:20 mmf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the lamp of wicked people will go out 0 The lamp is used as a metaphor for life. The life of wicked people will end just as a lamp goes out.
24:22 jzb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion who knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them? 0 The writer asks this question to emphasize the disaster. Alternate translation: “no one knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them.”
24:22 ub7e both of them 0 these words refer to Yahweh and the king
24:23 jq5s These also are sayings of the wise 0 This sentence starts a new collection of proverbs.
24:23 ci6n a case at law 0 a situation that is brought before a judge in which someone is accused of breaking the law
24:24 lma6 Whoever says to the wicked person, & will be cursed by peoples and hated by nations 0 The word “nations” is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will curse whoever says to the wicked person, … , and the people of other nations will hate him”
24:24 rfb9 the wicked person … a righteous person 0 This could mean: (1) people should never call any wicked person a righteous person or (2) no one should say of a person guilty of a crime that he is innocent. Alternate translation: “a person guilty of a crime … innocent”
24:25 ufh1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification gifts of goodness will come to them 0 Gifts are spoken of as if they were people who could move by themselves. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **goodness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “people will give them good gifts” (See also: and[[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
24:26 sz6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom gives a kiss on the lips 0 A kiss was a sign of respect and devotion in that culture. Alternate translation: “shows true friendship”
24:28 u5rp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with your lips 0 The lips are a metonym for the words a person speaks. Alternate translation: “by what you say”
24:29 cke7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom pay him back 0 This is an idiom. “take revenge against him”
24:34 d7gx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and poverty comes 0 This finishes a thought begun with the words “A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest” (Proverbs 24:33). You may need to fill in the omitted words. “You may say to yourself, ‘A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest,’ but then poverty will come”
24:34 v85w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification poverty comes marching upon you 0 Some translations read, “poverty comes upon you like a robber.” Poverty is spoken of as if it were a person or animal that can attack a lazy person.
24:34 zx1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile your needs like an armed soldier 0 Needs are spoken of as if they were a person who could attack the lazy person. Alternate translation: “your needs will come to you like an armed soldier” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
25:intro l94s 0 # Proverbs 25 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 25 begins the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
25:3 jtp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like the heavens are for height and the earth is for depth, so the heart of kings is unsearchable 0 The hearts of kings are compared to the size of the heavens and the earth. Alternate translation: “Just as no one can measure the height of the heavens or the depth of the earth, even so no one can understand the heart of kings”
25:5 vvu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his throne will be established by doing 0 The throne is a metonym for the power to rule. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the king will establish his throne by doing” or “he will have the power to rule because he does” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
25:7 w69g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit It is better for him to say to you, “Come up here,” than 0 Here “up” means to move to a place at the table that is closer to the king. It is a great honor for a person to sit closer to the king. Alternate translation: “It is better for someone to invite you to sit closer to the king than”
25:8 t9ug rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion For what will you do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame? 0 This question is asked to make the reader consider the possibility that he may have misunderstood the situation. The way in which the neighbor might put the reader to shame can be stated plainly. Alternate translation: “For you will not know what to do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame.” or “For if your neighbor has an explanation, he will put you to shame, and you will have nothing to say to defend yourself.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
25:10 fr3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive an evil report about you that cannot be silenced 0 Here “evil report” refers to harmful things that the person will tell others. The phrase “cannot be silenced” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to stop him from telling other people harmful things about you” or “he will tell people evil things about you and you will never have a good reputation again”
25:11 e2ay rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Apples of gold in settings of silver is a word spoken in the right situation 0 The goodness of “a word spoken at the right time” is spoken of as if it were the physical beauty of “apples of gold in settings of silver.” Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A word spoken at the right time is beautiful like apples of gold in settings of silver”
25:11 sq35 Apples of gold in settings of silver 0 The ancient Israelites did not know the apples that most people know today. This could mean: (1) “apples” should be translated as “design.” Alternate translation: “a golden design carved into a silver bowl” or (2) “apples” refers to another type of fruit with a golden color that someone has placed on a silver plate or bowl. Alternate translation: “Golden colored fruit placed in a silver bowl”
25:11 ptu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive is a word spoken 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is a message that someone speaks”
25:12 ir54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A gold ring or jewelry made of fine gold is a wise rebuke to a listening ear 0 The value and importance of “a wise rebuke” is spoken of as if it had the beauty and value of gold. Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A wise rebuke to a listening ear is beautiful and valuable like a golden ring or golden jewelry”
25:12 i38p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche listening ear 0 The ear is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “person who is willing to listen”
25:13 tc4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like the cold of snow at harvest time is a faithful messenger 0 Here a faithful messenger is being compared to the cold of snow, because both are pleasant.
25:13 sxk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the cold of snow 0 Snow only fell on the tops of mountains, and the harvest took place in hot weather, so this is probably a metaphor for cool, fresh water from a clean stream. If your language has no word for snow, consider “cool, fresh, clean water.”
25:14 hbd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Clouds and wind without rain is the one who boasts … not give 0 Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Rain was important to the Israelites because only small amounts of it fell, so a cloud without rain was useless and brought disappointment to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “The one who boasts … not give is like clouds and wind without rain” or “The one who boasts … not give is useless and a disappointment, like clouds and wind without rain” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
25:15 v2wv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive With patience a ruler can be persuaded 0 These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone who is patient can persuade a ruler” or “Someone who is patient can speak to a ruler and change his mind”
25:15 eed7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a soft tongue can break a bone 0 The word “tongue” is a metonym for the words the person speaks using the tongue. The word “bone” is a metaphor for strong opposition. Alternate translation: “gentle speech can overcome strong opposition”
25:16 dc7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 # General Information:\n\nVerse 16 states a general principle, and verse 17 gives one specific example. The idea of eating too much honey and then vomiting it up is a metaphor for taking too much of any good thing and regretting it later.
25:18 r378 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile A man who bears false witness against his neighbor is like a club used in war, or a sword, or a sharp arrow 0 A false witness is compared to three weapons that can hurt or kill people.
25:19 p8jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile An unfaithful man in whom you trust in a time of trouble is like a bad tooth or a foot that slips 0 A foolish man is compared to a part of the body that causes trouble for a person. Alternate translation: “Trusting in an unfaithful man in time of trouble will bring you pain like a bad tooth or a foot that slips”
25:20 j5q4 carbonate of soda 0 This is a kind of mineral that hisses and bubbles violently when it comes into contact with acids like vinegar. Many translations translate this phrase as “a wound.”
25:20 ef6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit sings songs 0 You may need to make explicit what kind of songs the singer sings. Alternate translation: “sings happy songs”
25:20 z9sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche a heavy heart 0 The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “a sad person”
25:22 eb7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom shovel coals of fire on his head 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cause him to have a guilty conscience and be ashamed of what he has done”
25:23 xj7i the north wind 0 In Israel, wind from the north often brought rain. Translators are free to substitute different kinds of wind for the same effect, for example, “a cold wind.”
25:23 z36v a tongue that tells secrets 0 Some versions read “someone who tells secrets.”
25:23 gn4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche result in angry faces 0 The face is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “makes other people so angry you can see it in their faces”
25:24 siz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a corner of the roof 0 Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof.
25:25 p4p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like cold waters to one who is thirsty, so is good news from a far country 0 Cold water is compared to good news that is both refreshing and delightful.
25:26 p3dy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like a fouled spring or a ruined fountain is a righteous person tottering before wicked people 0 One expects a spring or fountain to have clear water, just as one expects a righteous man to stand for what he believes. A polluted spring or fountain is compared to a righteous man who falls.
25:26 tiq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor tottering before wicked people 0 Tottering is a metaphor for either: (1) refusing to fight wicked people or (2) joining in their wickedness. Alternate translation: “who allows wicked people to do wickedness” or “who starts to do what wicked people do”
25:26 fe9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor tottering 0 This is a metaphor for being unable to continue to do good. Alternate translation: “unable to stand”
25:26 e13r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom before wicked people 0 This could mean: (1) “when wicked people attack him” or (2) “when wicked people urge him to do evil.”
25:27 h7jf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile It is not good to eat too much honey; that is like searching for honor after honor. 0 Both wanting others to honor you and eating honey are good, but you can eat too much honey, and you can try too hard to have people honor you.
25:27 x6in rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes It is not good 0 This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “It is a bad thing”
25:27 ea11 that is like searching for honor after honor 0 The meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some versions of the Bible translate this as “that is like speaking too many compliments to people.” Alternate translation: “that is like always thinking about how others should honor you”
25:28 gl3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile A person without self-control is like a city breached and without walls. 0 Both a person without self-control and a city without walls are weak and vulnerable.
26:intro juh9 0 # Proverbs 26 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 26 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. Wisdom and folly are particularly prominent in this chapter.(See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
26:1 w8yc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like snow in summer or rain in harvest 0 Normally snow does not fall during the summer and rain does not fall during the harvest. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Just as it would be very strange to have snow in summer or rain during the harvest” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
26:2 kdg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile so an undeserved curse does not alight 0 A curse that does not harm a person is spoken of as if it were a bird that does not land. Alternate translation: “so an undeserved curse does not land on its mark”
26:2 mf19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive an undeserved curse 0 This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “a curse on a person who does not deserve it”
26:3 v3b7 A whip is for the horse, a bridle is for the donkey and a rod is for the back of fools 0 A whip, a bridle, and a rod are things that people use to make the horse, donkey, and fool do what they want.
26:3 le7r a bridle is for the donkey 0 A bridle is made of straps. People put it on a donkey’s head and hold one of the straps to make the donkey go the way they want it to go.
26:3 q1bg a rod is for the back of fools 0 In the Bible, people would hit their children or their slaves with a wooden rod in order to discipline them.
26:5 rz54 Answer a fool and join in on his folly 0 Joining in on a fool’s folly when answering him represents answering him in a foolish way. Alternate translation: “Answer a fool according to his folly” or “Answer a fool foolishly”
26:5 q48w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor so he will not become wise in his own eyes 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “so that he will not become wise according to his judgement” or “so that he does not consider himself to be wise”
26:6 ang1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Whoever sends a message by the hand of a fool 0 Here the hand represents the fool’s responsibility to deliver the message. Alternate translation: “Whoever sends a fool to deliver a message”
26:6 ife4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor cuts off his own feet 0 Cutting off one’s own feet is an exaggeration for harming one’s self. Alternate translation: “harms himself like a person who cuts off his own feet and drinks violence” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
26:6 a1zc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor drinks violence 0 Violence is spoken of as if it were a poisonous liquid that someone might drink. Alternate translation: “harms himself by being violent”
26:7 h8yx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like the legs … is a proverb in the mouth of fools 0 The phrases can be reordered. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is like the legs of a paralytic which hang down” or “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as useless as the legs of a paralytic which hang down”
26:7 nq9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in the mouth of fools 0 Here “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say”
26:8 vhn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit tying a stone in a sling 0 In order to throw a stone very far, people put it into a sling and swing the sling so that the stone will fly from it very quickly. The result of tying a stone in a sling can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “tying a stone in a sling so that it cannot be thrown”
26:9 l82z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like a thorn … is a proverb in the mouth of fools 0 How the two are alike can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as dangerous as a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard”
26:9 z794 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard 0 This could mean: (1) if a drunk person holds a thornbush, a thorn will prick his hand, or (2) if a drunk person is angry, he will pick up a thornbush and swing it at people. For the second meaning, the word “thorn” represents a thornbush.
26:9 q3gg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in the mouth of fools 0 Here “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say”
26:12 cxr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you see someone who is wise in his own eyes? 0 This question is used to lead the reader to think about someone who is wise in his own eyes. The phrase “is wise in his own eyes” means “thinks he is wise,” and here it implies that the person is not truly wise. Alternate translation: “Consider the person who thinks he is wise but is not.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
26:13 y1yv The lazy person says, “There is a lion … between the open places!” 0 The lazy person lies and says that he cannot go outside and work because there is a lion on the road or between the open places.
26:13 xyz8 There is a lion on the road 0 See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:13](../22/13.md).
26:13 ufn8 the open places 0 This refers to the places in town where there is a lot of room for people to walk around or where people gather. Alternate translation: “the town plazas” or “the streets”
26:14 bfi2 hinges 0 metal pieces that attach a door to something and allow it to open and close
26:14 uv1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile As the door turns on its hinges, so is the lazy person upon his bed 0 Both the door and the lazy person move, but they do not go anywhere.
26:15 x6us rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole he has no strength to lift it up to his mouth 0 This is an exaggeration for doing necessary work that would clearly do him good.
26:16 e6pb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The lazy person is wiser in his own eyes than seven men 0 The phrase “his own eyes” represents his thoughts. Alternate translation: “The lazy person thinks he is wiser than seven men”
26:17 xh36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like one who takes hold of the ears of a dog, is a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his own 0 This can be reordered. Alternate translation: “A passerby who becomes angry at some other people’s dispute is like a person who grabs hold of a dog’s ears”
26:17 z69e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Like one who takes hold of the ears of a dog 0 The implied information is that the dog will get angry and bite the person. Alternate translation: “Like a person who angers a dog by grabbing its ears” or “Like a person who grabs a dog’s ears and is bitten by the dog”
26:17 ul2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit is a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his own 0 The implied information is that the passerby will start arguing, and the people who were fighting will get angry with him and hurt him.
26:19 g1qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Was I not telling a joke? 0 The deceiver uses this question to imply that since he his joke was only for fun, he should not be blamed for any harm he has caused. Alternate translation: “I did nothing wrong. I was only telling a joke.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
26:21 l2ug rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit As charcoal is to burning coals and wood is to fire 0 What charcoal does to coals and what wood does to fire can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “As charcoal helps coals burn and as wood helps fire burn”
26:21 ud8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor kindling strife 0 To kindle something means to set it on fire. Setting strife on fire is a metaphor for causing people to fight or argue. Alternate translation: “causing people to fight” or “causing people to argue”
26:22 ye74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile The words of a gossip are like delicious morsels 0 This speaks of gossip being desirable to listen to as if it were delicious food to eat. Alternate translation: “The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to” or
26:22 rb3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they go down into the inner parts of the body 0 This speaks of the words that a gossip says going into a person’s mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. This sentence is equivalent to [Proverbs 18:8](../18/08.md). Alternate translation: “and they enter a person’s mind and affect his thoughts”
26:23 i9mz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like the glaze overlaying an earthen vessel so are burning lips and an evil heart 0 This simile means that a person who says things to hide the evil in their heart are like a earthen vessel covered in glaze to make it look good. These phrases can be reordered. Alternate translation: “People who have burning lips and an evil heart are like an earthen vessel covered with glaze”
26:23 ky5d the glaze overlaying an earthen vessel 0 “the shiny glaze that covers a clay pot.” A clay pot is cheap and common. So people covered it was a glaze to make it shiny and appear more expensive.
26:23 u5wy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche so are burning lips and an evil heart 0 This represents a person who has burning lips and an evil heart. Alternate translation: “so is a person who has burning lips and an evil heart” or “so is a person who says nice things but whose heart is evil”
26:23 s94p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor burning lips 0 The word “burning” is a metaphor for “strongly emotional” and the word “lips” is a metonym for “speech.” Alternate translation: “emotional speech” or “saying nice things” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
26:23 p5hf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy an evil heart 0 The heart represents a person’s thoughts, attitudes, desires, or feelings. Alternate translation: “evil thoughts” or “evil desires”
26:24 rhg2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor disguises his feelings with his lips 0 Disguising his feelings represents keeping people from knowing what his feelings are. The phrase “his lips” is a metonym for what he says. Alternate translation: “hides his feelings with what he says” or “speaks in such a way that people cannot know his true feelings” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
26:24 qu8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he lays up deceit within himself 0 Being deceitful is spoken of as if he were storing deceit within himself. Possible meanings are that “deceit” refers to lies. Alternate translation: (1) “he likes his many lies” or (2) deceit refers secret plans to harm people. Alternate translation: “he secretly plans to harm people”
26:25 q7ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor for there are seven abominations in his heart 0 The number seven represents completeness. This could mean: (1) “abominations” refers to attitudes that God hates. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hateful things” or (2) “abominations” refers to his hatred for people. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hatred”
26:26 iv6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Though his hatred is covered with deception 0 This can be stated actively. Alternate translation: “Though deception covers his hatred” or “Though he covers his hatred with deception”
26:26 d99d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Though his hatred is covered with deception 0 Keeping people from knowing that he hates them is spoken of as covering his hatred. Alternate translation: “Though he lies to keep people from knowing that he hates them” or “Though he lies so that people will not know that he hates them”
26:26 slh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his wickedness will be exposed in the assembly 0 Being exposed represents being discovered or becoming known. Alternate translation: “his wickedness will become known in the assembly” or “the assembly will discover his wickedness” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
26:27 sg61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Whoever digs a pit will fall into it 0 It is implied that the person digs the pit as a trap so that someone will fall into it. Alternate translation: “Whoever digs a pit to trap someone will fall into it” or “If someone digs a pit in order to trap someone, the one who dug it will fall into it”
26:27 nj1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the stone will roll back on the one who pushed it 0 It is implied that the person pushed a large stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone there. Alternate translation: “if someone pushed a stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone, the stone will roll back on him instead” or “if someone maked a stone roll so that it would hurt someone, the stone will crush him instead”
26:28 wvw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche A lying tongue hates the people it crushes 0 The phrase “a lying tongue” represents a person who tells lies. Crushing people represents causing them trouble. Alternate translation: “A liar hates those he hurts by his lies” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
26:28 dfi2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche a flattering mouth brings about ruin 0 The phrase “a flattering mouth” represents a person who flatters people. This could mean: (1) a person who flatters others causes trouble or (2) a person who flatters others ruins them
27:intro ec7g 0 # Proverbs 27 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 27 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
27:1 f85w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Do not boast about tomorrow 0 This is a warning not to brag about what you expect to happen tomorrow. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not speak proudly about your plans for tomorrow”
27:1 t368 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what a day may bring 0 Something happening on a certain day is spoken of as if the day were to bring that event. Alternate translation: “what will happen on a day” or “what will happen tomorrow”
27:2 cyj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and not your own mouth … and not your own lips 0 The words “let praise you” are understood from the first phrase. They can be repeated. Here a person is represented by his “mouth” and “lips” because those are the parts of the body used to speak. Alternate translation: “and do not let your own mouth praise you … and do not let your own lips praise you” or “and do not praise yourself … and do not praise yourself” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
27:2 jhl7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis a stranger 0 The words “let praise you” are understood from the first phrase. The words can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “let a stranger praise you”
27:3 snl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the provocation of a fool is heavier than both 0 The difficulty of being patient with a fool who provokes you is spoken of as if that difficulty were heavy. Alternate translation: “the provocation of a fool is harder to tolerate than either of them” or “It is harder to be patient when a fool provokes you than it is to be patient while carrying them”
27:4 j57v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns There is the cruelty of rage and the flood of anger, but who is able to stand before jealousy? 0 The abstract nouns “rage”, “anger” and “jealousy” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “A raging person is cruel and an angry person is overwhelming, but who can stand before a jealous person?”
27:4 srl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the flood of anger 0 “the destructiveness of anger.” Anger is spoken of here as if it were a powerful flood.
27:4 nh38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion but who is able to stand before jealousy? 0 This question implies that no one can stand before jealousy. It can be reworded as a statement. Alternate translation: “but no one is able to stand before jealousy”
27:4 inj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to stand before jealousy 0 Here standing represents being strong and resisting being harmed by a jealous person who attacks. Alternate translation: “to resist a jealous person” or “to remain strong when a jealous person attacks him”
27:5 yva8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Better is an open rebuke 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rebuke**, you could express the same idea with the verb “rebuke.” Alternate translation: “It is better to be openly rebuked”
27:5 pz3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns than hidden love 0 “than love that is not openly shown.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “than to be loved secretly”
27:6 d5v5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend 0 “The wounds that a friend causes are trustworthy.” The word “wounds” here represents the pain and sadness that a person feels when a friend rebukes or corrects him.
27:6 uw1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend 0 The trustworthiness of a friend’s rebuke is spoken of as if the sadness that his rebuke causes is trustworthy. Alternate translation: “Though it causes sadness, a friend’s rebuke is trustworthy”
27:6 wzd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit but an enemy may kiss you profusely 0 It can be stated clearly that the enemy’s kisses are not trustworthy. Alternate translation: “but the enemy’s many kisses are not trustworthy” or “but an enemy may try to deceive you by kissing you profusely” or
27:8 tmr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like a bird that wanders from its nest is a man who strays from where he lives 0 The words “wanders” and “strays” mean the same thing in this verse.
27:9 zj6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy make the heart rejoice 0 Here “the heart” represents the feelings or emotions of a person. Alternate translation: “make a person feel joyful” or “make a person glad”
27:9 fa3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the sweetness of a friend comes from his sincere counsel 0 This could mean: (1) “sweetness” represents kindness. Alternate translation: “we recognize our friend’s kindness by his counsel” or (2) “sweetness” represents what we appreciate about a person. Alternate translation: “what we appreciate about a friend is his advice”
27:10 c6gz your brother’s house 0 Here the word “brother” is a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group.
27:10 zin1 calamity 0 extreme troubles and misfortune
27:11 v2t7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy make my heart rejoice 0 Here the “heart” represents the person’s feelings or emotions. Alternate translation: “make me feel joyful” or “make me glad”
27:11 sv31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit then I will give back an answer to the one who mocks me 0 Here “answer” does not mean to answer a question. It means to respond or to reply to someone who is mocking. How this relates to the clause before it can be made clear. AT “then I will reply to the one who mocks me by telling him about you”
27:11 gm95 mocks 0 makes fun of someone, especially in a cruel way
27:12 y47t A prudent man sees trouble and hides himself, but the naive people go on and suffer because of it 0 See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 22:3](../22/03.md).
27:12 jm89 A prudent man 0 Alternate translation: “A man who is wise” or “A man who has good sense”
27:12 j5th the naive people 0 Alternate translation: “the inexperienced and immature people”
27:12 bv11 suffer 0 experience something very unpleasant, such as illness, pain, or other hardships
27:13 l1r3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Take a garment of one who has put up security for a stranger 0 When lending money, a lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back”
27:13 q6ci rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom who has put up security 0 This means for someone to give something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “who has guaranteed that what has been borrowed will be paid back” or “who has promised to pay a loan”
27:13 gvg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom hold it in pledge 0 To “hold something in pledge” means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment”
27:14 z5ga rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that blessing will be considered to be a curse 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the neighbor will consider that blessing to be a curse”
27:15 caj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the constant dripping 0 The implied information is that it is rain that is constantly dripping. Alternate translation: “the constant dripping of rain”
27:16 e46j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile restraining her is like restraining the wind, or trying to catch oil in your right hand 0 The implied information is that it is as difficult or useless to try and restrain her as it is to try to restrain the wind or catch oil in your hand (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
27:16 tfg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit restraining her 0 “holding her back” or “keeping her under control.” The implied information is that it is trying to stop her from quarreling. Alternate translation: “restraining her from quarreling”
27:17 w3va rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Iron sharpens iron; in the same way, a man sharpens his friend. 0 These two phrases are comparing how iron and a man can be improved. Alternate translation: “As iron can sharpen another piece of iron, so a man’s character is improved by contact with his friend”
27:18 d71d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the one who protects his master will be honored 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a master will honor the one who protects him”
27:19 z68a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a person’s heart 0 Here this means a person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “what a person thinks”
27:20 nv5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abaddon 0 This is a name that means “destroyer.” Alternate translation: “the Destroyer”
27:20 q6ud rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a man’s eyes 0 Here the “eyes” represent a man’s desires. Alternate translation: “a man’s desires”
27:21 c4r4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit A crucible is for silver and a furnace is for gold 0 This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. See how you translated the very similar phrase in [Proverbs 17:3](../17/03.md). Alternate translation: “A crucible is used to refine silver and a furnace is used to refine gold”
27:21 eg8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown crucible 0 a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures
27:21 eza1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown furnace 0 an oven that can be made extremely hot
27:21 b7qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a person is tested when he is praised 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when one praises a person, they are also testing that person”
27:22 m5zv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Even if you crush a fool … yet his foolishness will not leave him 0 This means that even if a fool is made to suffer hardship or pain (being crushed is often a metaphor for suffering in Hebrew), he will remain foolish.
27:22 ir3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown pestle 0 a hard tool with a rounded end, used for crushing things in a bowl
27:23 ixh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Be sure you know the condition of your flocks and be concerned about your herds 0 These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis.
27:24 v1t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Does a crown endure for all generations? 0 This question expects a negative answer to make the point that the reign of earthly rulers does not last forever. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “A crown does not endure for all generations”
27:24 gu92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a crown 0 Here “crown” is a metonym for a king’s rule over his kingdom. Alternate translation: “a king’s rule”
27:26 dar8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Those lambs will provide your clothing 0 The implied information is that the wool (hair) from the lambs can be used to make clothing. Alternate translation: “The lambs’ wool will provide you with clothing”
27:26 j2vp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the goats will provide the price of the field 0 The implied information is that the money received by selling the goats will be enough to buy a field. Alternate translation: “selling your goats will provide the price of the field”
27:27 q28m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit nourishment for your servant girls 0 The implied information is that there will also be enough goats’ milk to feed the servant girls. Alternate translation: “there will be goat’s milk to nourish your servant girls”
28:intro g91u 0 # Proverbs 28 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 28 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
28:2 b4c7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Because of the transgression of a land 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **transgression**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Because of how a land transgresses”
28:2 qks4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the transgression of a land 0 This is a metonym for the sins of the people living in a land. Alternate translation: “the transgression of the people of a land”
28:2 ivf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit with a man of understanding and knowledge 0 The implied information is that this man is a ruler or leader. The abstract nouns “understanding” and “knowledge” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “with a man who understands and knows how to rule” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28:3 pb4k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like a beating rain that leaves no food 0 The poor man who oppresses other poor people is compared to a rain that falls so hard that it leaves no crop to harvest.
28:3 p9vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor beating rain 0 This is a metaphor for a rain coming down hard enough to cause crops to be driven down. Alternate translation: “damaging rain”
28:4 j98f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor those who keep the law 0 To “keep the law” means to do what God’s law requires. Alternate translation: “those who obey God’s law”
28:4 whf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor fight against them 0 “struggle against them.” This means to strongly oppose or resist them.
28:5 pi7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations Evil men 0 Here “men” means people in general. Alternate translation: “People who do evil things”
28:5 t38q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns do not understand justice 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “do not understand what is just”
28:5 k5mh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor those who seek Yahweh 0 Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh.
28:5 ru6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit understand everything 0 The implied information is that those who seek Yahweh understand all about justice. Alternate translation: “completely understand what is just”
28:6 q4ty It is better for a poor person … than for a rich person 0 Alternate translation: “It is better to be a poor person … than it is to be a rich person”
28:6 pfi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor walks in his integrity 0 This represents a person living a life of integrity. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **integrity**, you could express the same idea with an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28:6 jdf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who is crooked in his ways 0 Rich people who are dishonest are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “who is not honest in what he does”
28:7 b5pv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He who keeps the law 0 To “keep the law” means to do what God’s law requires. Alternate translation: “He who obeys God’s law”
28:7 h42h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns a son who has understanding 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “a son who understands”
28:9 s7cf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche turns away his ear from hearing the law 0 This represents the whole person turning away from and rejecting God’s law. Alternate translation: “turns away from hearing and obeying the law”
28:9 ztw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive even his prayer is detestable 0 “even his prayer is offensive to God.” This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “God detests even his prayer”
28:10 hgy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Whoever misleads the upright into an evil way 0 This is a metaphor for leading upright people in an evil direction. Alternate translation: “Whoever causes the upright to go in an evil direction”
28:10 m6rz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the upright 0 This refers to upright persons in general. Alternate translation: “upright persons”
28:10 tw7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will fall into his own pit 0 “will fall into the trap that he has dug.” This is a metaphor for ending up in the same bad place as others had been led toward. Alternate translation: “will end up in the same evil place toward which he guided other people”
28:10 yg55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the blameless 0 This refers to blameless persons in general. Alternate translation: “blameless persons”
28:11 eg7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor be wise in his own eyes 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “be wise in his own thoughts” or “think he is wise”
28:11 pj9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns who has understanding 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “who understands”
28:11 ynr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom will find him out 0 This is an idiom that means the poor person will be able to determine whether or not the rich person is really wise. Alternate translation: “will see his true nature”
28:12 zkn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom when the wicked arise 0 This is an idiom that means when the wicked gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “when the wicked rise to power”
28:12 emq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the wicked 0 This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people”
28:12 g949 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit people are sought out 0 You may need to make explicit that those who “are sought out” have hidden themselves to escape from the wicked. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they seek people out” or “they seek out the people who hide from them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
28:13 h8gm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor hides his sins 0 “covers his sins.” This is the opposite of confessing and forsaking sins, and is spoken of as covering sins rather than bringing them into the open
28:13 m9fz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the one who confesses them and forsakes them will be shown mercy 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will show mercy to the one who confesses and forsakes them”
28:14 nh5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The one who always lives with reverence is blessed 0 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who always lives with reverence”
28:14 ffn2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns lives with reverence 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **reverence**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “lives a reverent life”
28:14 ebu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom hardens his heart 0 This is an idiom that means to be stubborn or unwilling to obey God. Alternate translation: “refuses to obey God”
28:14 l7ee rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will fall into trouble 0 This represents ending up in misery and distress. Alternate translation: “will end up in trouble”
28:15 z8ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like a roaring lion or a charging bear is a wicked ruler over poor people 0 Poor people who are helpless against an evil ruler are compared to people who have a lion roaring at them or a bear attacking them.
28:15 x5l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown a charging bear 0 A bear is a large, furry, dangerous animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth.
28:16 et9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns The ruler who lacks understanding 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The ruler who does not understand”
28:16 lv7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the one who hates dishonesty 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **dishonesty**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the one who hates being dishonest”
28:16 eae9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom prolong his days 0 This could mean: (1) this is an idiom that means his living for more time. Alternate translation: “live longer” or (2) this is an idiom that means extending the length of his reign. Alternate translation: “rule for a longer time”
28:17 rm8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he has shed someone’s blood 0 Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. Alternate translation: “he has killed someone” or “he has murdered someone”
28:17 iz6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom until death 0 “until he dies.” This means for the rest of his life. Alternate translation: “all of his life”
28:18 nhr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Whoever walks with integrity will be kept safe 0 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God will keep safe anyone who walks with integrity”
28:18 f45f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor walks with integrity 0 This represents a person living a life of integrity. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **integrity**, you could express the same idea with an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28:18 kvc6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the one whose way is crooked 0 A dishonest person is spoken of as if he walks on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “the one who does not live honestly”
28:18 x79a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will suddenly fall 0 What will happen to a dishonest person is spoken of as if he suddenly fell down. Alternate translation: “will suddenly be ruined” or “will suddenly perish”
28:19 t64p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom follows worthless pursuits 0 “chases after worthless projects.” The person who is busy doing things that do not produce anything is spoken of as chasing after useless things.
28:19 b8y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony will have plenty of poverty 0 The person following worthless pursuits is spoken of as getting the opposite of plenty of food. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “will be very poor” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28:20 ix4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes the one who gets rich quickly will not go unpunished 0 The double negative “will not go unpunished” is used for emphasis. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will certainly punish the one who gets rich quickly” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
28:20 nt6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the one who gets rich quickly 0 The implied information is that this person gains wealth by unfaithful or dishonest means. Alternate translation: “the one who tries to get rich quickly”
28:21 kg9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole for a piece of bread a man will do wrong 0 “A piece of bread” here is an exaggeration for a very small bribe or reward. Alternate translation: “a man will sin for very little gain”
28:22 f7a8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom hurries after riches 0 The stingy man is spoken of as if he was chasing after wealth. Alternate translation: “is greedy for riches”
28:22 mz2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom poverty will come upon him 0 The result of being stingy is spoken of as if poverty was overtaking the stingy person. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he will suddenly become poor” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28:23 sr8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Whoever disciplines someone, afterward will find more favor from him than from the one who flatters him with his tongue 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **favor**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “A person will favor the one who disciplines him more than he favors the person who flatters him with his tongue” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28:23 k6hl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy flatters him with his tongue 0 The tongue here represents speaking. Alternate translation: “flatters him with words”
28:24 qt94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations says, “That is no sin,” he 0 This can be expressed as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “says that it is not a sin, he”
28:24 ie7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the companion of 0 Possible meanings are: (1) “the friend of” or (2) an idiom that means having the same character as. Alternate translation: “the same kind of person as”
28:25 bkj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor stirs up conflict 0 The action of the greedy man is spoken of as if he were stirring up or awakening conflict. Alternate translation: “causes conflict”
28:26 pnc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche One who trusts in his own heart 0 Depending on one’s self is spoken of as trusting in one’s own heart. Alternate translation: “The person who relies on himself”
28:26 g7hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom walks in wisdom 0 This could mean: (1) this is an idiom that means to live wisely. Alternate translation: “lives wisely” or (2) this is an idiom that means to follow the teachings of wise people. Alternate translation: “follows wise teachings”
28:27 y6e6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the poor 0 This refers to poor people in general. Alternate translation: “poor people”
28:27 iwx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes lack nothing 0 This double negative is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “have everything they need”
28:27 ykd8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive whoever closes his eyes to them will receive many curses 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) they will receive many curses from the poor. Alternate translation: “the poor will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to them” or (2) they will receive many curses from people in general. Alternate translation: “people will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” or (3) they will receive many curses from God. Alternate translation: “God will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor”
28:27 x8x1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy closes his eyes to 0 Closing the eyes represents not responding to the needs of the poor. Alternate translation: “ignores” or “chooses not to help”
28:28 ku38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom When the wicked arise 0 This is an idiom that means when wicked people gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “When wicked people rise to power”
28:28 xc51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole people hide themselves 0 This is an exaggeration for doing everything they can to avoid having wicked people harm them. Alternate translation: “people go into hiding” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
29:intro pkl4 0 # Proverbs 29 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
29:1 rl7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who stiffens his neck 0 A person becoming stubborn is spoken of as if he stiffens his neck. Alternate translation: “who becomes stubborn” or “who refuses to listen”
29:1 nb5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive will be broken in a moment 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will suddenly break him”
29:1 y5ft rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor beyond healing 0 “and no one will be able to heal him.” Sickness is a metaphor for any kind of bad situation. Alternate translation: “and no one will be able to help him”
29:2 w7r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the people sigh 0 The people let out long, loud breaths that show that they are weary and sad. Alternate translation: “the people will be weary and sad”
29:4 v6du rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns by justice 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “by doing what is just” or “by making just laws”
29:5 udx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor spreading a net for his feet 0 The writer compares the flattery of a person to setting that person up to being caught in a trap. Alternate translation: “setting a trap to catch that person”
29:6 k8iq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom In the sin of an evil person is a trap 0 When an evil person sins, it is as if he is stepping into a trap. He desires to do evil to other people, but God will use what he does to punish him.
29:8 g91s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy set a city on fire 0 Here the word “city” represents the people who live in the city. Mockers causing the people to experience turmoil and possibly to become violent is spoken of as if they set the city on fire. Alternate translation: “create turmoil for the people of a city” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
29:8 vcu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom turn away wrath 0 This idiom means to cause angry people no longer to be angry. Alternate translation: “calm the wrath of angry people”
29:12 b9es rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor all his officials will be wicked 0 The actions of the ruler are spoken of by stating the result they will cause. Alternate translation: “it is as if he is teaching his officials to be wicked”
29:13 psq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Yahweh gives light to the eyes of them both 0 This idiom means “Yahweh makes both of them alive.”
29:14 x486 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his throne 0 The throne is a metonym for the kingdom he rules from his throne. Alternate translation: “his kingdom”
29:15 ybi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The rod and reproof give wisdom 0 The writer speaks as if a rod and reproof were people who could give wisdom as a physical gift. Alternate translation: “If a parent uses the rod on his child and reproves him, the child will become wise” or “If parents discipline their child and tell him when he has done wrong, the child will learn to live wisely”
29:15 p19z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The rod 0 Parents in Israel used wooden rods as instruments to discipline children by striking them. Alternate translation: “discipline”
29:15 m43w reproof 0 When a person gives reproof to another person, or reproves that person, he tells that person that he does not approve of what that other person is doing.
29:16 th5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns transgression increases 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **transgression**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “more people will transgress and their sins will become worse”
29:16 ha78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the downfall of those wicked people 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **downfall**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “fall,” which is a metaphor for losing the power to rule. Alternate translation: “those wicked people fall” or “those wicked people lose their power to rule” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
29:18 s41b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the one who keeps the law is blessed 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who keeps the law”
29:19 kl1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive A slave will not be corrected by words 0 This can be translated in active form.”You will not be able to correct a slave simply by talking to him”
29:20 qfr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion See a man who is hasty in his words? 0 The writer is using a question to get the reader’s attention. Alternate translation: “You should notice what happens to a man who is hasty in his words.”
29:21 k1j6 who pampers his slave 0 Alternate translation: “who allows his slave to avoid work and who treats his slave better than he treats other slaves”
29:21 qas4 at the end of it 0 Alternate translation: “at the end of the slave’s youth” or “when the slave is grown”
29:21 qs95 there will be trouble 0 These words translate a Hebrew word whose meaning no one knows for sure. Some understand it to mean that the slave will be weak, others that the slave will rule the household.
29:22 s7ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor stirs up strife 0 Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strife**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “argue.” See how you translated similar words in [Proverbs 15:18](../15/18.md). Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” or “causes people to argue and fight” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
29:22 ad7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom a master of rage 0 This idiom means “a person who becomes angry easily.”
29:23 z268 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive one who has a humble spirit will be given honor 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “men will give honor to a person who has a humble spirit” or “a person who has a humble spirit will receive honor from men” or “Yahweh will cause men to honor a person who has a humble spirit”
29:24 ej5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he hears the curse and says nothing 0 This could mean: (1) people have put the “one who shares with a thief” under oath to tell the truth about what he knows about what the thief stole, and he knows he will be punished if he tells the truth. Alternate translation: “he does not dare to testify under oath” or (2) people do not know who the thief is but they call on God to curse the thief, and the “one who shares” is afraid to confess and so come out from under the curse because he is afraid of the thief. Alternate translation: “he says nothing even after people have cursed him”
29:25 t7d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The fear of man makes a snare 0 Being afraid of what other people might do is spoken of as stepping into a trap. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is afraid of what other people might do to him is like a person who has become snared in a trap”
29:25 t3gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the one who trusts in Yahweh will be protected 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect the one who trusts in him”
29:26 sa3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Many are those who seek the face of the ruler 0 The word “face” is a metonym for the ruler listening to people telling him what they want him to do and then doing it. Alternate translation: “Many people want their ruler to pay attention to them”
29:26 w96b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns from Yahweh is justice for a person 0 It is Yahweh, not human rulers, who will see that people treat a person justly. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “just.” Alternate translation: “it is Yahweh who is truly just towards a person”
29:27 c4s9 detestable 0 a person who should be hated. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:32](../03/32.md).
30:intro aud8 0 # Proverbs 30 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 30 is a chapter in Proverbs attributed to Agur, who is a person otherwise unknown.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Agur\n\nHis full title is Agur, Son of Jakeh. Agur comes from a Hebrew word that means “gatherer” and so some scholars believe this is not a real name, but possibly a way of referring to Solomon as a gatherer of proverbs. However, it is still prudent to simply use this as a name.\n\n### Three things and four\n\nFrom verses 15 through 32, the author uses a specific technique to explain some things. He says there are three things and even four and lists items that exemplify a feature like “small and yet wise.” The numbering is not meant to be so literal, but as a memory device that introduces the items. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
30:2 ij38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I do not have the understanding of a human being 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I do not understand anything the way human beings are supposed to understand them”
30:3 ln5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns nor do I have knowledge of the Holy One 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “nor do I really know anything about the Holy One”
30:4 kw1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth? 0 The writer asks these questions to get the reader thinking about how much greater Yahweh is than people. Alternate translation: “No person has ever … down. No person has ever … hands. No person has ever … cloak. No person has ever … earth.” or “Who has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth? No one has ever done any of these things.”
30:4 bz7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor gathered up the wind in the hollow of his hands 0 The writer speaks of the wind as if it were something that a person could catch and hold in his hand. Alternate translation: “has caught the wind in his hands”
30:4 g4i7 the hollow of his hands 0 the way his hands are shaped when he is scooping up, for example, water or sand. “his cupped hands”
30:4 l4kf gathered up 0 brought small scattered objects into a pile so they can be lifted
30:4 rce5 has established all the ends of the earth 0 Alternate translation: “has set up the limits for where the earth ends” or “has marked the boundaries for the ends of the earth”
30:4 t7g1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What is his name, and what is the name of his son? 0 The writer uses these questions to command the reader to give an answer. Alternate translation: “Tell me his name and the name of his son, if you know them.”
30:4 jv39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony Surely you know! 0 The writer uses irony to show that neither he nor the reader know any person who can do what the “who” in the earlier questions can do. Alternate translation: “I do not think you really know anyone who can do those things.”
30:5 mna2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor is tested 0 Words are spoken of as if they were metals that need someone to clean the bad parts out of them. Alternate translation: “is like a precious metal from which someone has removed all the useless material” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
30:5 u15z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he is a shield to those who take refuge in him 0 The word “shield” is a metaphor for something that protects a person. Alternate translation: “he protects those who come and ask him to protect them”
30:6 e39x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you will be proved to be 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will prove that you are”
30:8 v3d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Put vanity and lies far away from me 0 This could mean: (1) “Do not allow people to speak vanity and lies to me” or (2) “Do not allow me to speak vanity and lies”
30:8 wk6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Give me neither poverty nor riches 0 The writer speaks as if “poverty” and “riches” were physical objects that someone could give to another. They are also abstract nouns that can be stated as “poor” and “rich.” Alternate translation: “Do not allow me to be either very poor or very rich” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
30:9 vrk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo if I have too much, I might deny you and say 0 This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes rich.
30:9 t24i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo if I become poor, I might steal and profane 0 This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes poor.
30:9 f4ah I might steal and profane the name of my God 0 Alternate translation: “I might make people who know that I have stolen things think that there is no God” or “I might harm God’s reputation by stealing”
30:10 rz4a slander 0 speak falsely about another person with the desire to harm him
30:10 ycc9 he will curse 0 Alternate translation: “the servant will curse”
30:10 u5fu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you will be held guilty 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will hold you guilty”
30:12 dp6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor is pure in their own eyes 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “considers themselves pure” or “believes they are pure”
30:12 re7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they are not washed of their filth 0 The words “washed” and “filth” speak of God forgiving people who sin as if he were washing physical filth off of the people. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has not forgiven them of their sins” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
30:13 ey4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy eyes are raised up … their eyelids lifted up 0 This describes people who think that they are better than other people. Their eyes show that they are proud, and the way they look at others shows that they think they are better than those other people.
30:14 zca7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor There is a generation whose teeth are swords, and their jawbones are like knives, so they may devour the poor … and the needy 0 The people of the generation who speak very harmful things is spoken of as if they were wild animals with teeth and jawbones made of swords and knives, and they eat the poor and needy.
30:15 yr92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The leech has two daughters 0 This is an example of something that always wants more. Alternate translation: “Greed has two daughters”
30:15 snu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry There are three things that are never satisfied, four that never say, “Enough” 0 This use of the numbers “three” and “four” together here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are four things that are never satisfied, who never say, ‘Enough’”
30:15 xlu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes are never satisfied 0 This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “always want more”
30:16 d8p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification land that is never satisfied with water 0 Land that is no longer producing food because there has been no rain is spoken of as if it were a person who does not have enough water to drink.
30:17 hr1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns scorns obedience to a mother 0 The word “obedience” is a metonym for the mother herself. It is also an abstract noun that can be stated as “obey.” Alternate translation: “considers his mother worthless and will not obey her” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
30:17 pr2u his eyes … the vultures 0 The writer says that the person will die by giving two pictures of what happens to people who die away from where people live.
30:17 l9a8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive his eyes will be pecked out by the ravens of the valley 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the ravens of the valley will peck out his eyes”
30:17 sxz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive he will be eaten by the vultures 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the vultures will eat him”
30:18 njh2 There are three things that are … four that I do not understand: 0 The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are some things that are too wonderful for me that I do not understand—four of them are:”
30:19 u9rp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in the heart of the sea 0 The “heart” refers to the middle. Alternate translation: “in the middle of the sea” or “on the open sea”
30:20 h26k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism she eats and she wipes her mouth 0 This seems to be both a euphemism and a metaphor for committing adultery and then taking a bath. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
30:21 s3e3 Under three things the earth trembles, and under four it cannot bear up 0 The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. “There are some things that make the earth tremble, that it cannot endure. Four of these are:”
30:22 xv9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a fool when he is filled with food 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fool who has had enough to eat”
30:23 l8m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a hated woman when she marries 0 That is, people rightly hated her before she married; once she marries, she will be worse than she was before she married. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a woman whom good people have hated when she marries” or “an outcast woman when she marries”
30:29 u31f There are three things that are … four that are stately in how they walk 0 The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are some things that walk stately. Four of these are”
30:29 dc44 stately 0 majestic or dignified, like a king
30:31 e3z8 strutting rooster 0 an adult male chicken that walks proudly
30:33 kgm4 churning 0 strongly stirring
30:33 nj7p butter 0 Animal milk that someone has stirred and made thick.
31:intro dd9p 0 # Proverbs 31 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 31 begins with 9 verses from King Lemuel. The last portion of this chapter is a poem about a godly wife. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])\n\n### King Lemuel\n\nThis person is unknown in Scripture, other than here. It is important to recognize that the words in this chapter are words of his mother addressed to him. They are formed like advice of a mother to her son.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### An acrostic poem\n\nVerse 10 through 31 is tightly formed as a poem in the original language. There are 22 lines in the Hebrew language that each begin with a successive letter of the alphabet. However, each language will have a different set of letters. Therefore, it is important to realize this was a single composition with a single theme of a noble or godly wife.\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
31:2 nw5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What, my son? What is it, son of my womb? What do you want, son of my vows? 0 The rhetorical question **What** could mean: (1) “What are you doing?” or “You should not be doing what you are doing” or (2) “What shall I tell you?” or “Listen to what I am telling you” or (3) “Do not do the things I am about to warn you against.”
31:2 ye5f son of my womb 0 The womb is a synecdoche for the person. It is best to use a polite term for the body part in which babies grow before they are born.
31:2 p2hh son of my vows 0 Here, **vows** could mean: (1) the mother’s marriage vows or (2) a vow after she married that if God allowed her to have a child she would dedicate him to God.
31:3 irw8 Do not give your strength to women 0 “Do not work hard trying to have sex with women,” either outside of marriage or with concubines.
31:3 tuq5 or your ways to those who destroy kings 0 Alternate translation: “or allow those who destroy kings to advise you”
31:3 j3yt your ways 0 This could mean: (1) “the way you live your life” or (2) “the work you do”
31:3 v8um those who destroy kings 0 probably the immoral “women” to whom he is not to give his strength
31:4 s8mw Lemuel 0 This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:1](../31/01.md).
31:5 ex8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive what has been decreed 0 This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) “what God has decreed” or (2) “what the kings themselves have decreed”
31:7 f15v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns his poverty 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “how poor he is”
31:7 cb4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns his trouble 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **trouble**, you could express the same idea with a clause. Alternate translation: “the bad things that are happening to him”
31:8 r3tl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Speak for those who cannot speak 0 Speaking is a metonym for using words to defend innocent people. Alternate translation: “Defend those who cannot defend themselves”
31:8 mxp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for the causes of all who are perishing 0 The cause represents the person whose cause it is. Alternate translation: “so that people will treat all who are perishing justly”
31:8 e1y9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis for the causes 0 The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “speak for the causes” or “speak out for”
31:9 yc2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet poor and needy people 0 These two words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “people who are poor and cannot get the things that they need”
31:10 ufh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who can find a capable wife? 0 The writer asks a question to show that he is beginning a new section. Alternate translation: “Not many men can find a capable wife.” or “Not many men can find a wife who is able to do many things well.”
31:11 i7un rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes he will never be poor 0 This litotes can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “he will always have what he needs”
31:13 usy5 wool 0 sheep’s hair that is used to make cloth
31:13 xs1v flax 0 a plant whose fiber is used to make linen
31:13 n9qr with the delight of her hands 0 Possible meanings are that the word **delight** describes: (1) how she feels as she works, “gladly with her hands,” or (2) how she feels about the wool and flax, “with her hands on things that she enjoys working with”
31:14 h984 merchant 0 someone who buys and sells
31:15 ry3t distributes the work for her female servants 0 Alternate translation: “tells her female servants what work each of them is to do that day”
31:16 fgc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the fruit of her hands 0 The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
31:17 vv53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom She dresses herself with strength 0 Putting on clothes is a metonym for preparing for work. Alternate translation: “She prepares herself for hard physical work”
31:18 jpw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole all night long her lamp is not extinguished 0 This is probably an exaggeration: she works late into the night, but not from dusk to dawn. Alternate translation: “She burns a lamp through the night as she works” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
31:20 en6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy reaches out with her hand to poor 0 The hand is a metonym for the help the woman uses her hand to give. Alternate translation: “helps poor”
31:21 tt96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy are clothed in scarlet 0 Here “scarlet” does not refer to the color of the cloth, but that the clothing is expensive and warm. Alternate translation: “have expensive, warm clothing”
31:23 ra37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Her husband is known 0 This can be translated in active form. The verb “know” is a metonym for respect. Alternate translation: “People respect her husband” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
31:25 k3bi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor She is clothed with strength and honor 0 Having strength and honor is spoken of as if the woman were wearing them. This can be translated in active form. The abstract nouns “strength” and “honor” can be translated by an adjective and a verb, respectively. Alternate translation: “Everyone can see that she is strong, and so they honor her” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
31:25 a29g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole laughs at the time to come 0 This is probably an exaggeration to show that she is not afraid. Alternate translation: “is not afraid of what will happen in the future”
31:26 lb6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy opens her mouth with wisdom 0 The act of opening her mouth is a metonym for speaking. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with an adverb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “she speaks wisely” or “she speaks wise words” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
31:26 q9jl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the law of kindness is on her tongue 0 The phrase “on her tongue” refers to her speaking, as the tongue is part of the mouth. The phrase “the law of kindness” refers to her teaching people to be kind. Alternate translation: “she teaches people to be kind”
31:27 uqe6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor watches over the ways of her household 0 The word “ways” refers to the way people live. Alternate translation: “makes sure her whole family lives in a way that pleases God”
31:27 ynb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom does not eat the bread of idleness 0 To “eat the bread of” something means to do something. Alternate translation: “she is not idle”
31:28 hq5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rise up and 0 This could mean: (1) literally “stand up and” or (2) as a metonym, “actively.”
31:28 lqv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations call her blessed 0 saying that good things have happened to her because she has done good things. This can be translated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “congratulate her” or “say, ‘Yay, Mom!’”
31:30 e8cj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Elegance is deceptive 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **elegance**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “A gracious woman can deceive people” or “A woman with good manners could really be evil” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 11:16](../11/16.md).
31:30 qcq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns beauty is vain 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **beauty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “a woman who is beautiful now will not always be beautiful”
31:30 k9e4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive she will be praised 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will praise her”
31:31 df11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the fruit of her hands 0 The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:16](./16.md). Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
31:31 ef6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy let her works praise her in the gates 0 She will be praised for her works, not by her works. Those “in the gates” are the important people of the city who conduct business and legal affairs near the gates of the city. Alternate translation: “may the important people of the city praise her because of the works she has done”
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