See in Reader
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General Information:
Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-poetry and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism)
For the chief musician; set to Shushan Eduth. A michtam of David, for teaching; when he fought with Aram Naharaim and with Aram Zobah, and Joab returned and killed twelve thousand Edomites in the Valley of Salt
This is a superscription that tells about the psalm. Some scholars say that this is part of the scripture and some say that it is not. (See "What are Superscriptions in Psalms" in Introduction to Psalms.)
For the chief musician
"This is for the director of music to use in worship"
set to Shushan Eduth
This probably tells what tune or musical style to use when singing the psalm. Alternate translation: "sing this psalm using the tune of 'Shushan Eduth'" or "sing this using the Shushan Eduth style"
Shushan Eduth
This means "Lily of the Promise." Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown and rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-transliterate)
A michtam
The meaning of the word "michtam" is uncertain. You may use the word "psalm" instead. This can be written as: "This is a psalm that David wrote." See how you translated this in Psalms 16:1.
Aram Naharaim ... Aram Zobah
"Aram of the two rivers ... the Aramean nation of Zobah." These are places. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Joab
This refers to Joab and the army that he led. Alternate translation: "Joab and his army" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche)
twelve thousand Edomites
"12,000 Edomites" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers)
you have broken through our defenses
God's allowing Israel's enemies to break through their defenses is spoken of as God himself had done it. Alternate translation: "you have allowed our enemies to break through our defenses" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)