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Mountains of Gilboa
The "Mountains of Gilboa" are addressed here as if they were alive. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification)
Let there not be dew or rain on you,
David curses the ground where King Saul died in the battle. This was out of reverence for Saul who was God's anointed king.
the shield of the mighty was defiled
The "mighty" here is referring to Saul. It is defiled both by falling to the ground and by the king's blood being shed on it. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
The shield of Saul is no longer anointed with oil
Saul's shield was made of leather; to care for the shield, one would have rubbed oil into it. AT: "No one will care for Saul's shield anymore."
From the blood of those who have been killed, from the bodies of the mighty, The bow of Jonathan did not turn back, And the sword of Saul did not return empty
Saul and Jonathan are shown here to have been fierce and valiant warriors. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism)
the sword of Saul did not return empty
Saul killed many enemies with his sword before he was killed in battle.