* **council** - This was the most important Jewish Council, which was called the Sanhedrin.
* **cut to the heart** - This is an idiom for, "overcome by anger." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]])
* **heard these things ** - This is the turning point; the sermon ends and the council reacts.
* **ground their teeth ** - This is an idiom for expressing strong anger or hatred. This can be translated as "they became so angry that they ground their teeth together." (See: [[:en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_idiom]])
* **looked…up into heaven** - "Looked…up into the sky". It appears that only Stephen saw this vision and not anyone else in the crowd.
* **he saw Jesus standing** - Note that Jesus was "standing" not "sitting" at the right hand of God. It was an honor when a king would stand to welcome a guest.
* **glory of God** - the glory or majesty of God as light. Translated as, "a bright light from God".
* **Son of Man** - Stephen is identifying Jesus by the title "Son of Man".