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General Information:
Here the word "they" refers to Barnabas and Paul.
Then there arose a sharp disagreement
The abstract noun "disagreement" can be stated as the verb "disagree." AT: "They strongly disagreed with each other" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)
after he was entrusted by the brothers to the grace of the Lord
To entrust to someone means to place the care and responsibility for someone or something to another person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "after the believers in Antioch entrusted Paul to the grace of the Lord" or "after the believers in Antioch prayed for the Lord to take care of Paul and show kindness to him" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive)
he went
The previous sentence implies that Silas was with Paul. AT: "they went" or "Paul and Silas went" or "Paul took Silas and went" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)
went through Syria and Cilicia
These are provinces or areas in Asia Minor, near the island of Cyprus.
strengthening the churches
Encouraging the believers in the churches is spoken of as though Paul and Silas were making the believers physically stronger. The word "churches" refers to the groups of believers in Syria and Cilicia. AT: "encouraging the believers in the churches" or "helping the community of believers to depend even more in Jesus" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)