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en_tn/jud/01/12.md

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  • Jude continues with a series of metaphors
  • These are the ones - "These" refers to the ungodly men.
  • who are hidden reefs - Like under water rocks that can sink ships, these people are a danger to the believers. Alternate Translation: "who are like dangerous rocks hidden under the water." (See: en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor)
  • in your love-feasts, when they feast with you - "in your fellowship meals, when they eat with you".
  • clouds without water - Like clouds that do not provide water to the gardens, these people do not care for the believers. (See: en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor)
  • autumn trees without fruit - As some trees do not produce fruit at the end of summer, so these ungodly people do not have faith and works of righteousness. (See: en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor)
  • without fruit, twice dead - Like trees that have been killed twice such as by frost would not give fruit, so the ungodly men have no values and contain no life within them.(See: en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor)
  • torn up by the roots - Like trees that have been completely pulled out of the ground by their roots, the ungodly people have been separated from God who is the source of life. (See: en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor)
  • wild waves of the sea - As the sea's waves are blown by a strong wind, so the ungodly people had no foundation of faith and were easily moved in many directions.(See: en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor)
  • foaming out of their own shame - As wind causes wild waves to stir up dirty foam, so these men through their false teaching and actions shame themselves. Alternate translation: "just like waves bring up foam and dirt, these men pollute others with their shame." (See: en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor)
  • wandering stars for whom the blackness of darkness has been reserved forever - Just like some stars that move unpredictably making them unreliable for navigation, so you should not follow these people. (See: en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_metaphor)