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After these things
"These things" refers to when the kings fought and Abram rescued Lot.
the word of Yahweh came to Abram in a vision, saying, "Fear
The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message to Abram in a vision. He said, 'Fear" or "Yahweh spoke this message to Abram in a vision: 'Fear" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
shield ... reward
God used these two metaphors to tell Abram about his character and his relationship to Abram. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
I am your shield
Soldiers use a shield to protect themselves from their enemies. Alternate translation: "I will protect you like shield" or "I am your shield to protect you" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
I am ... your very great reward
Possible meanings are 1) "I myself will be all that you need" or 2) "I will give you all you need."
reward
the result of a person's actions. This seems to be a metonym for the gracious blessing God would give Abram. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)