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Introduction to 2 Corinthians
Part 1: General Introduction
Outline of the Book of 2 Corinthians
- Paul thanks God for the Corinthian Christians (1:1-11)
- Paul explains his conduct and his ministry (1:12-7:16)
- Paul speaks about contribution of money for the Jerusalem church (8:1-9:15)
- Paul defends his authority as an apostle (10:1-13:10)
- Paul gives final greetings and encouragement (13:11-14)
What is the Book of 2 Corinthians about?
In 2 Corinthians, Paul continued to write about the conflicts among the Christians in the city of Corinth. It is clear from what Paul wrote in this letter that the Corinthians had obeyed the instructions he previously gave to them. In 2 Corinthians, Paul encouraged them to live in a way that will please God.
Paul also wrote to assure them that Jesus Christ truly did send him as an apostle to preach the Gospel. Paul wanted them to understand this, because a group of Jewish Christians opposed what he was doing. They claimed Paul was not sent by God and he was teaching a false message. This group of Jewish Christians wanted Gentile Christians to obey the law of Moses.
How should the title of this book be translated?
Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Second Corinthians." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's Second Letter to the Church in Corinth." (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names)
Who wrote the Book of 2 Corinthians?
Paul from the city of Tarsus was the author. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he began to trust in Jesus Christ, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.
Paul started the church in Corinth. He was staying in the city of Ephesus when he wrote this letter.
Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
What was the city of Corinth like?
Corinth was a major city located in ancient Greece. Because it was near the Mediterranean Sea, many travelers and traders came to buy and sell goods there. This caused the city to have people from many different cultures. The city was famous for having people who lived in immoral ways. The people worshipped Aphrodite, the goddess of love. As part of the ceremonies honoring Aphrodite, her worshipers had sexual intercourse with temple prostitutes.
What did Paul mean by "false apostles" (11:13)?
These were Jewish Christians who taught that Gentile Christians had to obey the law of Moses in order to follow Christ. Christian leaders had met in Jerusalem and decided on the matter (See: Acts 15). But, it is clear that there were still some groups that disagreed with what the leaders in Jerusalem decided.
Part 3: Important Translation Issues
Singular and plural "you"
In this book, the word "I" refers to Paul. Also, the word "you" is almost always plural and refers to the believers in Corinth. There are two exceptions to this: 6:2 and 12:9. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you)
How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in 2 Corinthians ULB?
The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating into English, 2 Corinthians ULB uses the following principles:
- The meaning in most passages is a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In these cases, the ULB uses "believer" or "believers." (See: 1:1; 8:4; 9:1, 12; 13:13)
The ULB will often be helpful as translators think about how to represent these ideas in their own versions.
What did Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.?
This kind of expression occurs in 1:19, 20; 2:12, 17; 3:14; 5:17, 19, 21; 10:17; 12:2, 19; and 13:4. Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believers. At the same time, he often intended other meanings as well. See, for example, "A door was opened for me in the Lord," (2:12) where Paul specifically meant that a door was opened for Paul by the Lord.
Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression.
What does it mean to be a "new creation" in Christ (5:17)?
Paul's message was that God makes Christians part of a "new world" when a person believes in Christ. This is a new world of holiness, peace, and joy that God gives. In this new world, believers have a new nature that has been given them by the Holy Spirit. Translators should try to express this idea.
What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 2 Corinthians?
The following are the most significant textual issues in the 2 Corinthians:
- "and in your love for us" (8:7). Many versions, including the ULB and UDB, have this reading. However, many other versions read, "and in our love for you." There is strong evidence that each reading is original. Translators should probably follow the reading preferred by other versions in their region.