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General Information:
Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-poetry and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism)
A psalm of David, when he pretended to be insane before Abimelek, who drove him out
This is a superscription that tells about the psalm. Some scholars say that this is part of the scripture and some say that it is not. (See "What are Superscriptions in Psalms" in Introduction to Psalms.)
A psalm of David
Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.
pretended to be insane
"acted like a crazy person"
before Abimelek
This refers to a specific historical event that the Hebrews knew well. Alternate translation: "when he was in Abimelek's house" or "when he was Abimelek's prisoner" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
his praise will always be in my mouth
Here "in my mouth" refers to David speaking about Yahweh. Alternate translation: "I will always praise him out loud" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)