unfoldingWord_en_tn/en_tn_24-JER.tsv

1	Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
2	JER	front	intro	l3xj			0		# Introduction to Jeremiah<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Jeremiah<br><br>1. Yahweh calls Jeremiah to be a prophet (1:1-19)<br>1. Yahweh will judge and punish Judah (2:1-29:32)<br> * Judah called to repent of spiritual adultery (2:1–6:30)<br> * Judah judged for its false religion (7:1–10:16)<br> * Jeremiah stands between Yahweh and his people (11:1–20:19)<br> * Jeremiah confronts his people (21:1–29:32)<br>1. Yahweh promises to restore Judah (30:1-33:26)<br> * Yahweh will bring the people of Judah back to their land (30:1–24)<br> * Yahweh will create a new covenant with them (31:1–40)<br> * The people will come back (32:1–44)<br> * Kings descended from David will rule again (33:1–26)<br>1. Jeremiah suffers (34:1-45:5)<br> * Before Yahweh punishes Judah (34:1–36:32)<br> * While Yahweh punishes Judah (37:1–39:18)<br> * After Yahweh punishes Judah (40:1–45:5)<br>1. Yahweh will judge and punish the nations (46:1-51:64)<br> * Egypt (46:1–28)<br> * Philistia (47:1–28)<br> * Moab (48:1–47)<br> * Ammon (49:1–6)<br> * Edom (49:7–22)<br> * Damascus (49:23–27)<br> * Kedar (49:28–33)<br> * Elam (49:34–39)<br> * Babylonia (50:1–51:64)<br>1. Jerusalem captured and destroyed (52:1–34)<br><br>### What is the Book of Jeremiah about?<br><br>The Book of Jeremiah gives the prophesies of a priest named Jeremiah. It also tells how Jeremiah suffered in different ways while he prophesied.<br><br>Jeremiah began prophesying about 626 B.C. After the death of King Josiah, many groups of people in Israel opposed Jeremiah. Some of these people wanted to depend on Egypt to protect the nation. Others were idol worshipers. They hated Jeremiah for denouncing their gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br><br>During the reign of King Jehoiakim, Jeremiah prophesied about the temple of Yahweh. King Jehoiakim received some of these prophecies in writing and burned the document. The next king, Zedekiah, put Jeremiah in prison when he told the king to surrender to Babylon.<br><br>King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylonia invaded Judah in 597 B.C. He conquered Jerusalem in 587 B.C. He offered Jeremiah housing and money if Jeremiah would go to Babylon. But Jeremiah remained in Jerusalem to help the few Jews left there.<br><br>Shortly after that, Gedaliah, whom Nebuchadnezzar had chosen to be governor over Judah, was murdered. Some Jewish rebels captured Jeremiah and took him to Egypt. Those rebels went to Egypt to be protected there rather than to live under Nebuchadnezzar’s rule. Jeremiah may have died soon after being taken to Egypt. But while in Egypt he prophesied that the Babylonians would invade and conquer Egypt.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The traditional title of this book is “The Book of Jeremiah” or just “Jeremiah.” Translators may also call it the “The Book about Jeremiah” or “What the Prophet Jeremiah Said.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Jeremiah?<br><br>Jeremiah was a priest and a prophet living in Judah. He spoke the prophesies in the Book of Jeremiah. A friend named Baruch wrote down many of the prophecies as Jeremiah spoke them to him.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What is the new covenant that is presented in the Book of Jeremiah?<br><br>Jeremiah introduced a “new covenant” between Yahweh and Israel (chapter 31). Yahweh would “write this covenant on the hearts” of the people. This means that the covenant would be a part of the people instead of just written on stone or paper. The people would obey the new covenant with all their heart. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>### What relationship do Jeremiah’s prophecies have to the other nations besides Israel?<br><br>Much of the Old Testament before this time is only about the nation of Israel. But Jeremiah also spoke of how Yahweh would judge other nations of the world. Yahweh would also punish the other nations for their wicked deeds. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Are the events in the Book of Jeremiah told in the order that they actually happened?<br><br>Many of the events in the Book of Jeremiah are not told in the order that they actually happened. Instead, the various prophecies appear to be arranged by topic.<br><br>### Why does the Book of Jeremiah refer to this prophet as “he” or “him”?<br><br>Many times in the book, the author refers to Jeremiah as “Jeremiah” or “he.” This is unusual if Jeremiah wrote the book. The reason this occurs is perhaps because Baruch, Jeremiah’s secretary, wrote down some parts of the book. Translators should keep the words “Jeremiah” and “he.”
3	JER	1	intro	e235			0		# Jeremiah 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 1:4-10.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jeremiah appointed as prophet<br><br>God chose Jeremiah to be his prophet and although many powerful people would be against him, God promised to protect him. This chapter emphasizes that Jeremiah was chosen by God to be his prophet. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br><br>### Northern kingdom<br>This was not a reference to the northern kingdom of Israel; it had already been conquered. It was a reference to a kingdom located north of Judah, that is, to Babylon. The Babylonian armies would attack Judah and conquer it.<br><br>### Opposition<br>The people were supposed to listen to God’s prophet. When he prophesied, they should have repented. Instead, they persecuted Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
4	JER	1	1	zm8t			0	Jeremiah son of Hilkiah, one of the priests	Alternate translation: “Jeremiah son of Hilkiah. Jeremiah was one of the priests”
5	JER	1	1	ynh2	translate-names		0	Hilkiah	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6	JER	1	1	hbs3	translate-names		0	Anathoth	This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7	JER	1	1	m9zz			0	the land of Benjamin	Alternate translation: “the land that belongs to the tribe of Benjamin”
8	JER	1	2	qj8r	figs-idiom		0	The word of Yahweh came to him	This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to him” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
9	JER	1	2	tdx8			0	Yahweh	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
10	JER	1	2	gg1j	figs-idiom		0	in the days of Josiah son of Amon, king of Judah	Here “in the days of” is an idiom that refers to the time when a king reigned. Alternate translation: “when Josiah son of Amon was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11	JER	1	2	xy18	translate-ordinal		0	the thirteenth	The word “thirteenth” is the ordinal form of “13.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
12	JER	1	2	bvz7	translate-names		0	Amon	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
13	JER	1	2	h452			0	his reign	Alternate translation: “Josiah’s reign”
14	JER	1	3	wl81	translate-ordinal		0	the eleventh	The word “eleventh” is the ordinal form of “11.”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
15	JER	1	3	vh91			0	It also came	Alternate translation: “The word of Yahweh also came”
16	JER	1	3	iba7	figs-idiom		0	in the days of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah	Here “in the days of” is an idiom that refers to the time when a king reigned. Alternate translation: “when Johoiakim son of Josiah was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
17	JER	1	3	ui8x	translate-hebrewmonths		0	the fifth month	This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
18	JER	1	3	xqi2	figs-explicit		0	of Zedekiah	This refers to the rule of Zedekiah. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “of the reign of Zedekiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19	JER	1	3	g4f3	figs-activepassive		0	when the people of Jerusalem were taken away as prisoners	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. It can be stated clearly that they were taken to Babylon. Alternate translation: “when the army of Babylon took the people of Jerusalem away as prisoners” or “when the army of Babylon took the people of Jerusalem as prisoners to Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20	JER	1	4	vzg7	figs-idiom		0	The word of Yahweh came to me, saying	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
21	JER	1	5	j2el			0	formed you	Alternate translation: “shaped you”
22	JER	1	5	f9sn			0	before you came out from the womb	This can also be expressed without referring to the womb. Alternate translation: “before you were born”
23	JER	1	6	x52n			0	Ah, Lord Yahweh	Here “Ah” shows Jeremiah’s fear of doing what God has said.
24	JER	1	6	j6eh	figs-hyperbole		0	I do not know how to speak	Jeremiah may have been exaggerating to show his fear of speaking in public. Alternate translation: “I do not know how to speak in public” or “I do not know how to make announcements to people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
25	JER	1	8	r2iu			0	Do not be afraid of them	Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid of the people I will send you to speak to”
26	JER	1	8	jk96			0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	The word “this” refers to what Yahweh just said in verses 7 and 8.
27	JER	1	8	tfp9	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
28	JER	1	9	gq1r	figs-metaphor		0	Then Yahweh reached out with his hand, touched my mouth	This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor representing Yahweh giving Jeremiah special authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then it was as though Yahweh touched my mouth” or (2) Jeremiah was seeing a vision and Yahweh actually did this as a symbolic act of giving Jeremiah authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh touched my mouth with his hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
29	JER	1	9	sw5r	figs-metaphor		0	I have placed my word in your mouth	This phrase represents giving Jeremiah his message. Alternate translation: “I have given you my message for you to speak to the people” or “I have enabled you to tell the people my message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
30	JER	1	10	xz7w			0	I am appointing you … to uproot and break down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and plant	Jeremiah would do these things to various nations by saying that they would happen.
31	JER	1	10	k126			0	to uproot and break down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and plant	He would uproot, break down, destroy and overthrow some nations, and he would build and plant other nations.
32	JER	1	10	hzc6	figs-metaphor		0	to uproot	God speaks of Jeremiah destroying the nations by what he says as if the nations were plants and he were to pull them up out of the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
33	JER	1	10	vgg1	figs-doublet		0	to destroy and overthrow	Jeremiah uses these words, which mean almost the same thing, to show that this will certainly happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
34	JER	1	10	q2dm	figs-metaphor		0	to build and plant	God speaks of Jeremiah causing nations to become strong as if they were a building and he would build them, and as if they were plants and he would plant them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
35	JER	1	11	i5z1	figs-idiom		0	The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, “What	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 1:4](./04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said, ‘What” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me: ‘What” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
36	JER	1	11	hmj4			0	I see an almond branch	Yahweh shows Jeremiah a spiritual vision.
37	JER	1	11	zuu3	translate-unknown		0	an almond branch	An almond tree is a kind of nut tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
38	JER	1	12	mr44	figs-metaphor		0	I am watching over my word to carry it out	This represents guaranteeing that he will do what he has said. Alternate translation: “I am remembering my word to carry it out” or “I guarantee that I will do what I have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
39	JER	1	12	s9ac			0	for I am watching over my word	The Hebrew words for “almond” and “watch over” sound almost the same. God wants Jeremiah to remember that God will make his word succeed.
40	JER	1	13	ntu1	figs-idiom		0	The word of Yahweh came to me a second time, saying	The idiom “The word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](./04.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message a second time. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this second message to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
41	JER	1	13	wx7m	figs-metonymy		0	whose surface is churning	The surface refers to the surface of the water in the pot. Jeremiah could see the water boiling. Alternate translation: “whose water is boiling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
42	JER	1	13	dy8k			0	tipping away from the north	This means that it was tipping toward the south, where Jeremiah was in Judah.
43	JER	1	14	sxk1	figs-metaphor		0	Disaster will be opened up out of the north	“Disaster will be let loose from the north.” This represents God causing disaster to come from the north to the south. Alternate translation: “Disaster will come from the north” or “I will send disaster from the north” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
44	JER	1	15	ci59			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah about the disaster that would come from the north.
45	JER	1	15	eu1c	figs-hyperbole		0	everyone	This generalization refers to the kings of the northern kingdoms. Alternate translation: “every king” or “all of the northern kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
46	JER	1	15	duv8	figs-metaphor		0	will set his throne at the entrance of the gates of Jerusalem	This could mean: (1) this represents ruling over Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will rule at the gates of Jerusalem” or (2) this represents judging Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will judge Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
47	JER	1	15	j1zf	figs-metonymy		0	against all the walls that surround it	Setting their thrones “against all the walls that surround it” represents commanding their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “and they will command their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
48	JER	1	15	d8i9	figs-metonymy		0	against all the cities of Judah	Setting their thrones “against all the cities of Judah” represents commanding their armies to destroy all the cities of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
49	JER	1	16	gg7p			0	I will pronounce sentence against them	Alternate translation: “I will announce how I will punish them”
50	JER	1	16	wrh7			0	I will pronounce sentence against them	Alternate translation: “I will pronounce sentence against the people of Judah”
51	JER	1	16	s442			0	worshiping what they made with their own hands	Since the people had made the idols with their own hands, they should have known that the idols are not worthy of worship.
52	JER	1	17	k94h			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
53	JER	1	17	qw4v	figs-metaphor		0	Do not be shattered … I will shatter you	Here “be shattered” represents being extremely afraid, and “shatter” represents causing Jeremiah to be extremely afraid. Alternate translation: “Do not be terrified … I will terrify you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
54	JER	1	18	q32g			0	Behold!	Alternate translation: “Pay attention!”
55	JER	1	18	k16n	figs-metaphor		0	Today I have made you a fortified city, an iron pillar, and bronze walls against the whole land	Being strong like these things represents being confident and unchanging in saying what God had told him to say. Alternate translation: “I have made you strong against the whole land like a fortified city, an iron pillar, and bronze walls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
56	JER	1	18	l1sl	figs-metaphor		0	iron … bronze	These were the strongest materials known at that time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
57	JER	1	18	u7cf	figs-metonymy		0	the whole land	This represents all the people of the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
58	JER	1	19	zp53			0	They will fight against you	This refers to the people of Judah.
59	JER	1	19	c3xx	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
60	JER	2	intro	cx16			0		# Jeremiah 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 2:1-31.<br><br>The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 2:1-3:5. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The people refuse to learn<br><br>The people worshiped other gods, particularly the fertility gods of Baal and Ashtoreth. Even when the nation was punished, the people did not learn. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Israel is compared to a female camel or a wild donkey for being unstable and lustful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
61	JER	2	1	n8ww	figs-idiom		0	The word of Yahweh came to me, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
62	JER	2	2	g2d8			0	Go and proclaim in the hearing of Jerusalem	Alternate translation: “Go and speak where the people in Jerusalem can hear you”
63	JER	2	2	mz95			0	I have called to mind on your behalf	Alternate translation: “I remember about you”
64	JER	2	2	jw4x	figs-abstractnouns		0	the covenant faithfulness in your youthfulness, your love	The abstract nouns “faithfulness,” “youthfulness” and “love” can be expressed with the adjectives “faithful” and “young,” and the verb “love.” Alternate translation: “how, when you were young, you were faithful to our covenant, and how you loved me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
65	JER	2	2	p3v3	figs-metaphor		0	when we were engaged	God speaks of his relationship with the people of Israel as though they had been engaged to be married. Alternate translation: “when we first agreed that we would marry each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
66	JER	2	2	gl65	figs-activepassive		0	the land that was not sown	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “the land where no one had sown seed” or “the land where no food was growing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
67	JER	2	3	ubv5	figs-metaphor		0	the firstfruits of his harvest	God speaks of Israel as if they were an offering dedicated to God. Alternate translation: “like the firstfruits of his harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
68	JER	2	3	b2kn	figs-metaphor		0	All who ate from the firstfruits were held guilty	God speaks of those who attacked Israel as if they were eating the offering that was set apart for God. Alternate translation: “All who attacked Israel were held guilty like people who ate from the first fruits of his harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
69	JER	2	3	j1qx	figs-metaphor		0	disaster came upon them	The phrase “came upon them” is a metaphor for happened to them. Alternate translation: “Disasters happened to them” or “I made terrible things happen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
70	JER	2	3	bei6	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
71	JER	2	4	u5jc	figs-parallelism		0	house of Jacob, all you clans of the house of Israel	Jacob and Israel were two names for one man, and these two phrases refer to the same group of people. Alternate translation: “all you descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
72	JER	2	4	gq5q	figs-metonymy		0	house of Jacob	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob’s descendants. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
73	JER	2	4	p8u3	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants, who had become the nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
74	JER	2	5	y22p	figs-rquestion		0	What did your fathers find wrong with me, that they went far from following me? That they went after useless idols and became useless themselves?	Yahweh uses these questions to say that since he has done no wrong, his people should not have rejected him and worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “I did nothing wrong to your forefathers, so they should not have gone far from following me, and they should not have gone after useless idols. By doing that they themselves have become useless!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
75	JER	2	5	k654	figs-metaphor		0	they went far from following me	This represents rejecting God and refusing to be loyal to him. Alternate translation: “they rejected me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
76	JER	2	5	p2c2	figs-metaphor		0	they went after useless idols	This represents choosing to be loyal to idols and worship them. Alternate translation: “they worshiped useless idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
77	JER	2	5	ea5y			0	useless idols	idols that people can use for nothing good. The translation should not make people think that there are some idols that are useful.
78	JER	2	6	qj82	figs-explicit		0	They did not say	It is implied that they should have said what follows. Alternate translation: “They should have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
79	JER	2	6	bj3g	figs-rquestion		0	Where is Yahweh, who brought us … Egypt?	This rhetorical question would have been used to show the people’s need of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need Yahweh. He is the one who brought us … Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
80	JER	2	6	sb9y	figs-rquestion		0	Where is Yahweh, who led us … lives?	This rhetorical question would have been used to show the people’s need of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need Yahweh. He is the one who led us … lives.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
81	JER	2	6	xpu1	figs-metaphor		0	a land of drought and deep darkness	A “land of drought” is a land that does not have enough water. Here “deep darkness” is a metaphor for danger. Alternate translation: “a dangerous land where there is not enough water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
82	JER	2	7	e78y	figs-parallelism		0	you defiled my land, you made my inheritance an abomination!	These two phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “you sinned and made the land I gave you disgusting to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
83	JER	2	7	z346	figs-metaphor		0	you defiled my land	Here “defiled” represents making the land unacceptable to God. They did this by sinning against him there when they worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “by sinning, you made my land no good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
84	JER	2	7	x8z6			0	you made my inheritance an abomination	Alternate translation: “you made my inheritance disgusting by your sin” or “by sinning, you made my inheritance repulsive”
85	JER	2	7	bs45	figs-metaphor		0	my inheritance	This could mean: (1) God is speaking of his land as if he had inherited it. Alternate translation: “my land” or (2) God is speaking of the land he gave to Israel as if he had given it to them as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land I gave you” or “the land I gave you as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
86	JER	2	8	kt1g	figs-rquestion		0	Where is Yahweh?	This question would have shown that they wanted to obey Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need to obey Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
87	JER	2	8	hl48			0	did not care about me	Alternate translation: “were not committed to me” or “rejected me”
88	JER	2	8	vv8y	figs-metaphor		0	The shepherds transgressed against me	The leaders are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people who followed them were sheep. Alternate translation: “Their leaders sinned against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
89	JER	2	8	fs7t	figs-metaphor		0	walked after unprofitable things	Here “walked after” represents obeying or worshiping. Alternate translation: “obeyed unprofitable things” or “worshiped unprofitable things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
90	JER	2	8	b2si			0	unprofitable things	Unprofitable things are things that cannot help a person. Here it refers to idols.
91	JER	2	9	wb2t			0	your sons’ sons	Alternate translation: “your future generations”
92	JER	2	10	m3dc	translate-names		0	cross over to the coasts of Kittim	Kittim was an island west of Israel. Today it is called Cyprus. It represented all the lands far to the west of Israel. Alternate translation: “go west across the ocean to Kittim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
93	JER	2	10	r42k	translate-names		0	Send messengers out to Kedar	Kedar is the name of a land far to the east of Israel. Alternate translation: “Send messengers far east to the land of Kedar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
94	JER	2	11	g27j	figs-rquestion		0	Has a nation exchanged gods … gods?	God uses this question to tell the people of Israel that other nations continue to worship their own gods. They do not change and worship other gods. Alternate translation: “You will see that no nation has ever exchanged gods … gods.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
95	JER	2	11	y4gc	figs-123person		0	But my people have exchanged their glory for what cannot help them	Here God speaks as though he were not speaking directly to his people. Alternate translation: “But you, my people, have exchanged me, your glorious God, for what cannot help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
96	JER	2	11	ad5n	figs-metonymy		0	their glory	This expression refers to God himself, who is glorious. Alternate translation: “their glorious God” or “me, your glorious God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
97	JER	2	11	i74r	figs-metonymy		0	for what cannot help	Here false gods are spoken of in terms of what they cannot do. Alternate translation: “for false gods, which cannot help” or “for gods who cannot help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
98	JER	2	12	gfd1	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
99	JER	2	13	xga4	figs-metaphor		0	have abandoned the springs of living waters	God speaks of himself as if he were springs of living waters. Alternate translation: “have abandoned me, their springs of living waters” or “have abandoned me, who is like springs of living water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
100	JER	2	13	zfj3	figs-metaphor		0	have dug out cisterns for themselves	God speaks of false gods as if they were cisterns that people dig in order to get water. Alternate translation: “have gone to false gods, which are like cisterns they have dug for themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
101	JER	2	13	y6j8			0	cisterns	deep holes for storing water
102	JER	2	14	gf3q	figs-123person		0	Is Israel a slave? Was he born in his master’s home? So why has he become plunder?	Though Yahweh was speaking to the people of Israel, he used the third person as though he were talking to someone else about Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel, are you a slave? Were you born at home? So why have you become plunder?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
103	JER	2	14	dz58	figs-rquestion		0	Is Israel a slave? Was he born in his master’s home?	Yahweh uses these questions to tell why Israel should not have become plunder. Alternate translation: “Israel is not a slave. Israel was not born at home.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
104	JER	2	14	fp49	figs-metonymy		0	Was he born in his master’s home	Here “born in his master’s home” is metonym for being born into slavery. Alternate translation: “Was he born a slave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
105	JER	2	14	d84g	figs-rquestion		0	So why has he become plunder?	Yahweh uses this question to indicate that Israel should not have become plunder. Alternate translation: “So he should not have become plunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
106	JER	2	14	gd7n	figs-metaphor		0	So why has he become plunder	Here “become plunder” represents being attacked and taken as captives to another country. Alternate translation: “So why has Israel been taken away as captives” or “So why have Israel’s enemies taken Israel away as captives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
107	JER	2	15	sra1	figs-metaphor		0	Young lions roared against him. They made a lot of noise	God speaks of Israel’s enemies attacking Israel as if the enemies were lions roaring and attacking Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
108	JER	2	15	w8su	figs-metonymy		0	made his land a horror	This represents destroying the land in such a way that people will feel horror when they see it. Alternate translation: “destroyed Israel’s land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
109	JER	2	15	bs9w			0	Young lions roared	A roar is a loud sound that a wild animal makes when it attacks.
110	JER	2	15	fgd1	figs-activepassive		0	His cities are destroyed without any inhabitants	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They have destroyed Israel’s cities and now no one lives in them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
111	JER	2	15	ph93			0	inhabitants	people who live in a certain place
112	JER	2	16	z9t5	translate-names		0	Memphis and Tahpanhes	These are the names of two cities in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
113	JER	2	16	z84p			0	will shave your skull	The Egyptians shaved the head of their slaves to mark them as slaves.
114	JER	2	16	f67y			0	will shave your skull	Some versions interpret the Hebrew text as “have cracked your skull.”
115	JER	2	17	rh64	figs-rquestion		0	Did you not do this to yourselves when you abandoned Yahweh your God, while he was leading you along the way?	Yahweh uses this question to remind Israel that it is their own fault that their enemies attacked them. Alternate translation: “You caused this yourselves by abandoning Yahweh your God while he was leading you along the way.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
116	JER	2	18	ksj8	figs-rquestion		0	So now, why take the road to Egypt and drink the waters of Shihor? Why take the road to Assyria and drink the waters of the Euphrates River?	Yahweh uses these questions to remind his people that it does not do any good to ask Egypt and Assyria to help them. Alternate translation: “It does not help you to go to Egypt and drink from the waters of the Shihor River, or to go to Assyria and drink from the waters of the Euphrates River.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
117	JER	2	18	qic3	figs-metaphor		0	why take the road to Egypt and drink the waters of Shihor … Why take the road to Assyria and drink the waters of the Euphrates River	These are a metaphor for asking the Egyptian and Assyrian armies to help them. Alternate translation: “why ask the Egyptians to help you … Why ask the Assyrians to help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
118	JER	2	18	b4bs	translate-names		0	Shihor	This is the name of a stream associated with Egypt. It may have been a branch of the Nile River. Some versions call it the Nile. Alternate translation: “the Shihor Stream” or “the Shihor River” or “the Nile River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
119	JER	2	19	d7s4	figs-personification		0	Your wickedness rebukes you, and your faithlessness punishes you	Both of these phrases mean that their punishment is the result of their wicked behavior. Alternate translation: “Because you have been wicked and unfaithful, I will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
120	JER	2	19	r6k2	figs-hendiadys		0	it is wicked and bitter	Here the word “bitter” describes “wicked.” Alternate translation: “it is bitterly wicked” or “it is extremely wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
121	JER	2	20	z744	figs-metaphor		0	For I broke your yoke that you had in ancient days; I tore your fetters off you. Still you said, ‘I will not serve!’	Here “broke your yoke” and “tore your fetters off you” are metaphors for setting them free from slavery. The people of Israel had been slaves in Egypt. Alternate translation: “Long ago I released you from slavery, but still you refused to worship me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
122	JER	2	20	i6lm			0	fetters	chains used to restrain a person or an animal
123	JER	2	20	e3b8	figs-metaphor		0	since you bowed down on every high hill and beneath every leafy tree, you adulterer	What they bowed down to can be stated clearly. Here “adulterer” is a metaphor for someone who is unfaithful to God. Alternate translation: “You bowed down to idols and worshiped them instead of me, like an adulterous wife who is unfaithful to her husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
124	JER	2	20	rwq2			0	beneath	below
125	JER	2	21	ppz2	figs-metaphor		0	I planted you as a choice vine, completely from pure seed	God speaks of making his people into a great nation in Canaan as if they were the seed of a grapevine that he had planted. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, started you with a very good beginning, like a farmer who uses excellent seed to plant the best kind of vine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
126	JER	2	21	w7eu			0	a choice vine	Alternate translation: “a vine of very good quality”
127	JER	2	21	ys3q			0	completely from pure seed	Here “pure seed” is the best seed that has not been mixed with seed that is not good. Alternate translation: “that grew from excellent seed”
128	JER	2	21	ht1q	figs-rquestion		0	How then have you have changed yourself into a corrupt, worthless vine?	God uses this question to rebuke his people for changing and becoming like a corrupt worthless vine. Alternate translation: “But you have changed yourself into a corrupt, worthless vine!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
129	JER	2	22	d3qb	figs-123person		0	this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
130	JER	2	23	njn2	figs-rquestion		0	How can you say, ‘I … have not walked after the Baals’?	God uses this question to rebuke his people for saying that they have not worshiped the Baals. Alternate translation: “You lie when you say, ‘I … have not walked after the Baals.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
131	JER	2	23	ga8k	figs-metaphor		0	walked after	This is a metaphor for serving or worshiping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
132	JER	2	23	y5u9	figs-metaphor		0	you are a swift female camel running here and there	God speaks of Israel worshiping other gods as if they were like a female camel running in different directions looking for a male camel to mate with. Alternate translation: “You are like a swift female camel running back and forth looking for a male camel to mate with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
133	JER	2	23	uh3n			0	swift	able to run quickly
134	JER	2	24	vc12	figs-metaphor		0	a wild donkey accustomed to the wilderness, in her heat sniffing the wind	God speaks of Israel worshiping other gods as if they were a wild female donkey running to find male donkeys. Alternate translation: “You are like a young female donkey that lives in the desert. When she wants to mate she is out of control and constantly sniffs the breeze to find a mate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
135	JER	2	24	ll6w	figs-idiom		0	in her heat	This phrase is an idiom referring to the time when a female donkey wants to mate with male donkeys. Alternate translation: “when she wants to mate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
136	JER	2	24	e3r7	figs-rquestion		0	Who can restrain her lust?	This question is used to emphasize that no one can control a female donkey when she is wants to mate with a male donkey. Alternate translation: “No one can turn her around when she wants to mate.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
137	JER	2	25	j3xn	figs-metaphor		0	You must restrain your feet from becoming bare and your throat from being thirsty!	God speaks of Israel wanting to worship other gods as if they were running around in the desert looking for those gods. Alternate translation: “I have told you to stop running here and there chasing after false gods, because all that it does is wear out your sandals and make you very thirsty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
138	JER	2	25	gpl8	figs-explicit		0	It is hopeless	“There is no hope for us to restrain ourselves.” This implies that they cannot stop themselves from running after other gods. Alternate translation: “We cannot stop ourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
139	JER	2	25	zq2r	figs-metaphor		0	No, I love strangers and go after them!	Here “strangers” represents foreign gods, and “go after them” represents worshiping them. Alternate translation: “We must follow after foreign gods and worship them!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
140	JER	2	26	i7vu	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
141	JER	2	26	amq4	figs-idiom		0	when he is found	This idiom means that someone discovers that the person’s actions. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when someone finds him” or “when people know that he has stolen things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
142	JER	2	26	w6vi			0	they, their kings, their princes, and their priests and prophets	This list shows that everyone belonging to Israel will be ashamed.
143	JER	2	27	yi97	figs-metonymy		0	These are the ones who say to the tree, ‘You are my father,’ and to the stone, ‘You gave birth to me.’	Here “tree” and “stone” represent idols carved from wood and stone. These words emphasize that the idol was made of ordinary things and is not worthy of worship. Alternate translation: “These people are the ones who say to a carved piece of wood, ‘You are my father,’ and to a carved stone, ‘You gave birth to me.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
144	JER	2	27	rzb7	figs-metaphor		0	their back faces me and not their faces	“their backs are toward me; their faces are not toward me.” This represents them rejecting God. Alternate translation: “they have turned away from me” or “they have turned their backs toward me and not their faces” or “they have completely rejected me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
145	JER	2	27	v294	figs-explicit		0	Arise and save us	It can be made clear that they say this to Yahweh. “Yahweh, come and save us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
146	JER	2	28	dv1r	figs-rquestion		0	Yet where are the gods that you made for yourselves?	With this question God implies that people should ask the gods they worship to help them. He uses this irony to show that he is angry that they worship other gods. Alternate translation: “You should ask the gods you made to help you.” or “You do not ask the gods you made to help you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
147	JER	2	28	bmg6	figs-irony		0	Let them arise if they wish to save you in your time of troubles	God implies that false gods should help the people who worship them. He knows that false gods cannot help people. When he said this he was using irony to show that he was angry that his people worshiped false gods. Alternate translation: “You do not ask them because know you that they cannot save you in your time of troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
148	JER	2	29	xa5m	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
149	JER	2	30	e8re	figs-metaphor		0	They would not accept discipline	Here “accept discipline” represents learning from discipline. Alternate translation: “They refused to learn from discipline” or “When I disciplined them, they refused to learn to obey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
150	JER	2	30	m3cp	figs-metaphor		0	Your sword has devoured your prophets like a destructive lion	God speaks of the people of Israel killing the prophets as if their sword were a lion that ate the prophets. Alternate translation: “You have killed the prophets brutally with your sword like a destructive lion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
151	JER	2	30	px12			0	destructive	capable of causing a very large amount of damage
152	JER	2	31	iyj9			0	You who belong to this generation! Pay attention to my word, the word of Yahweh	The phrase “this generation” refers to the people who lived when Jeremiah lived. Alternate translation: “You who live today, pay attention to what I, Yahweh, say to you”
153	JER	2	31	egz3	figs-metaphor		0	Have I been a wilderness to Israel? Or a land of deep darkness?	Here “a wilderness” and “a land of deep darkness” are metaphors for danger. God uses this question to rebuke the Israelites for behaving as though he had been dangerous. Alternate translation: “You act as though I have been like a wilderness or a land of deep darkness to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
154	JER	2	31	r2gx	figs-rquestion		0	Why would my people say, ‘Let us wander around, we will not go to you anymore’?	God uses this question to rebuke his people for saying this. Alternate translation: “You my people say ‘We can go where we want to go and not worship Yahweh anymore.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
155	JER	2	31	c46a			0	wander	move around or go to different places usually without any particular purpose or direction
156	JER	2	32	ajg9	figs-ellipsis		0	Will a virgin forget her jewelry, a bride her veils	The words “will” and “forget” are understood to be part of the second phrase also. Alternate translation: “Will a virgin forget her jewelry, and will a bride forget her veils” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
157	JER	2	32	snl1	figs-rquestion		0	Will a virgin forget her jewelry, a bride her veils?	God uses this question to introduce the idea of remembering things that are important to someone. Alternate translation: “You know that a virgin would never forget to put on her jewelry, and a bride would never forget to put on her veils.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
158	JER	2	32	el7h			0	days without number	Alternate translation: “a very long time”
159	JER	2	33	amu3	figs-irony		0	How well you make your way to look for love	God appears to be praising his people for looking for love, but this is irony. He was showing that he was angry with them for being unfaithful to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
160	JER	2	33	sl8c	figs-metaphor		0	to look for love	God speaks of his people worshiping other gods as if they were a woman who is unfaithful to her husband and is looking for other men to love her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
161	JER	2	33	ymk8	figs-irony		0	You have even taught your ways to wicked women	God speaks of how unfaithful his people are to him as though they were even teaching prostitutes how to be unfaithful to their husbands and find other men to be their lovers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
162	JER	2	34	t7iw	figs-explicit		0	The blood that was the life of innocent, poor people has been found on your clothes	Blood on their clothes was evidence that they had killed people. Alternate translation: “The blood of innocent, poor people on your clothes shows that you are guilty of killing them” or “You are guilty of killing poor and innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
163	JER	2	34	z8tn			0	The blood that was the life	Alternate translation: “The blood that represents the life”
164	JER	2	34	bb1t	figs-activepassive		0	These people were not discovered in acts of burglary	If they found people in an act of burglary, this might have been an excuse for killing them. But the people that they murdered were innocent. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You did not discover these people stealing things” or “But you killed them even though they were not even stealing anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
165	JER	2	35	w9ip	figs-personification		0	surely his anger has turned away from me	Here anger is spoken of as if it were a person that could turn away from Israel. Its turning represents Yahweh’s stopping be angry with Israel. Alternate translation: “surely Yahweh has stopped being angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
166	JER	2	35	w15i	figs-metonymy		0	I will bring down judgment on you	Here “judgment” represents punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
167	JER	2	36	vpy2	figs-rquestion		0	Why do you treat so very lightly this change in your ways?	Yahweh is scolding the Israelites because they changed from one kingdom to another for help but did not rely on God for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
168	JER	2	36	s2aj			0	lightly	without care or concern
169	JER	2	36	gc4f			0	You will also be disappointed by Egypt	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Egypt will also disappoint you”
170	JER	2	36	jiq5	figs-explicit		0	You will also be disappointed by Egypt	The people of Israel will be sad because the army of Egypt will not be able protect them. Alternate translation: “You will be disappointed when Egypt does not protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
171	JER	2	36	f9em	figs-ellipsis		0	just as you were by Assyria	The word “disappointed” is understood from the previous phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as you were disappointed by Assyria” or “just as Assyria disappointed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
172	JER	2	37	e943			0	You will also go out from there	Alternate translation: “You will go out from Egypt”
173	JER	2	37	tk5j	translate-symaction		0	with your hands on your head	This is a symbol of shame. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
174	JER	2	37	dzs3	figs-activepassive		0	so you will not be helped by them	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so they will not help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
175	JER	3	intro	v6u2			0		# Jeremiah 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:1-5, 12-17, 19-25.<br><br>The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 2:1-3:5. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. The same is true for 3:19-4:3. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Judah told to repent<br><br>If Judah repents, God will bring the people back from the captivity into which he is going to send them. In this book, “Israel” serves as another name Judah because the northern kingdom of Israel no longer exists. The people group formed by these ten tribes had been scattered among the other nations by the Assyrians, who had conquered them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>### Adultery<br>Judah’s faithlessness to God is often pictured as adultery. This is a common image in Scripture. When Judah does not worship God, their nation is spoken of as if it were a woman unfaithful to her husband. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
176	JER	3	1	b8c6	figs-rquestion		0	will he return to her again?	God uses this question to remind the people that a man would never return to his wife if another man marries her. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “he would not return to her again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
177	JER	3	1	wfd2	figs-rquestion		0	Would that land not be greatly polluted?	God uses this question to remind the people that a married man would not return to his wife if she married another man, because he knows that the land would become ceremonially unclean. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “He knows that if he did, the land would be greatly polluted.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
178	JER	3	1	f5ac	figs-metaphor		0	greatly polluted	This is a metaphor for being terribly unacceptable to God. Alternate translation: “completely unacceptable to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
179	JER	3	1	j8li	figs-simile		0	You have lived as a prostitute who has many lovers	God speaks of Israel worshiping many idols as being like a woman having sex with many men. Alternate translation: “You have given your love and trust to idols the way a prostitute gives her body to men who are not her husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
180	JER	3	1	j5dl	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
181	JER	3	2	f7nj	figs-metonymy		0	Lift up your eyes	Here “your eyes” represents looking at something. Alternate translation: “Look up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
182	JER	3	2	d2qe	figs-metaphor		0	Is there any place where you have not had illicit sex?	God speaks of Israel worshiping idols as if they were a woman who had sex with many different men. He uses this question to tell the Israelites that he knows that they have worshiped idols everywhere. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no place where you have not had illicit sex!” or “As a whore sleeps with many men, you have worshiped your idols everywhere!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
183	JER	3	2	tkw5	figs-metaphor		0	By the roadsides you sat waiting for your lovers	God speaks of his people being eager to worship any idol as being like a prostitute waiting by the road for any man to come along. Alternate translation: “Like a prostitutes waiting at the roadside for her lovers, you were eager to worship any idol you learned about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
184	JER	3	2	p75c	figs-simile		0	as an Arab in the wilderness	God speaks of his people being eager to worship any idol as being like someone in the wilderness waiting for anyone to come along so he could rob them. Alternate translation: “like an Arab in the wilderness waiting for people he might rob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
185	JER	3	2	h79r	translate-names		0	an Arab in the wilderness	An Arab is a person from Arabia. Some Arabs lived as nomads in the desert and would rob others who came near them. Alternate translation: “a nomad in the wilderness” or “a robber in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
186	JER	3	3	bza8	figs-activepassive		0	So the showers have been withheld	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So I withheld the showers from you” or “So I prevented the rains from falling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
187	JER	3	3	ry2i	figs-metonymy		0	you have the forehead of a prostitute	The arrogance showing on a person’s face is spoken of as if the face itself were arrogant. Alternate translation: “But the expression on your face shows that you arrogant, like the face of a prostitute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
188	JER	3	5	gxd9			0	Connecting Statement:	The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you not” in verse 4 ends here.
189	JER	3	5	tm6g	figs-rquestion		0	Will he … to the end?’	The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you not” in verse 4 ends here. God uses this question to rebuke his people for calling out to him and saying these things. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have just called out to me: ‘My father … youth! Will he … to the end?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
190	JER	3	5	ks4c	figs-rquestion		0	Will he always be angry? Will he always keep his wrath to the end?	These questions express the people’s hope that God will not be angry with them forever. They can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Surely he will not always be angry. Surely he will not always keep his wrath to the end.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
191	JER	3	5	ad4m			0	Look!	Alternate translation: “pay attention” or “listen”
192	JER	3	6	q6wm	figs-rquestion		0	Do you see what faithless Israel has done?	God uses this question to draw Jeremiah’s attention to Israel’s faithlessness. It can be translated as a command or a statement. Alternate translation: “See how faithless Israel is to me.” or “You see how faithless Israel is to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
193	JER	3	6	pea6	figs-metaphor		0	She has gone up	The people of Israel are spoken of as if Israel were a woman. Alternate translation: “Israel’s people have gone up” or “They have gone up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
194	JER	3	6	q6pr	figs-hyperbole		0	every high hill and under every leafy tree	The tops of hills and under shade trees were common places for people to worship idols. The word “every” is used as a generalization to show that the people were worshiping idols in many different places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
195	JER	3	6	r3ip	figs-simile		0	she has acted like a prostitute	God speaks as of Israel worshiping idols as if she were a woman having sex with many men. Alternate translation: (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
196	JER	3	7	wy1h	figs-metaphor		0	her faithless sister Judah saw	God speaks of Israel and Judah as if they were sisters. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah, who also did not obey me, saw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
197	JER	3	8	k4ts			0	bill of divorce	Something that a man writes to certify that he has divorced his wife.
198	JER	3	9	l7vx			0	Her prostitution was nothing to her	Here prostitution being “nothing” represents Judah not caring about it. Alternate translation: “She did not care about her prostitution” or “She was not ashamed of her prostitution”
199	JER	3	9	t26n	figs-metaphor		0	she defiled the land	Here “defiled” represents making the land unacceptable to God. They did this by sinning against him there when they worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “she made my land no good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
200	JER	3	9	h9kk	figs-metonymy		0	she committed adultery with stones and trees	Here “stones” and “trees” represent the stone and wood material that was used to create idols. The people’s idol worship is spoken of as if they were committing adultery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
201	JER	3	10	u38c	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
202	JER	3	11	cnw5			0	Faithless Israel has been more righteous than faithless Judah!	By calling Israel “more righteous” than Judah, God emphasizes that Judah is very guilty. Alternate translation: “Israel has been unfaithful to me, but Judah is even more guilty than Israel”
203	JER	3	12	nc94	figs-metonymy		0	Go and proclaim these words to the north	Here the north represents the people of Israel who had been taken north to Assyria. Alternate translation: “Go and proclaim these words to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
204	JER	3	13	vc3r			0	Acknowledge your iniquity	“Admit how you have sinned.” God was speaking to Israel.
205	JER	3	13	afy2	figs-metaphor		0	you have shared your ways with strangers under every leafy tree!	The word “strangers” refers to foreign gods. God speaks of Israel worshiping foreign gods as if Israel were a woman who was having sex with strangers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
206	JER	3	13	cyd5	figs-hyperbole		0	under every leafy tree	People would worship idols under trees. The word “every” is a generalization used to show that the people of Israel worshiped many gods under many different trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
207	JER	3	13	n89f	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
208	JER	3	14	rfl1	figs-metaphor		0	I am your husband	God speaks of Israel belonging to him as if he were Israel’s husband. Alternate translation: “you belong to me as a wife belongs to her husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
209	JER	3	15	khd7	figs-metaphor		0	I will give you shepherds … they will shepherd you	Here God speaks of leaders as if they were shepherds and the people they led were sheep. Alternate translation: “I will give you leaders … they will lead you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
210	JER	3	15	jfu5	figs-metonymy		0	shepherds after my heart	Here “heart” represents Yahweh’s desire or will. The phrase “after my heart” is an idiom that describes people who do God’s will. Alternate translation: “shepherds who do my will” or “shepherds who do what I want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
211	JER	3	16	aah8	figs-metaphor		0	you will increase and bear fruit	The word “you” refers to the people of Israel. The phrase “bear fruit” is a metaphor for having many descendants. Alternate translation: “you will increase greatly in number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
212	JER	3	16	dr84	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
213	JER	3	16	p5dj	figs-metonymy		0	This matter will no longer come up in their hearts	Here “come up in their hearts” represents thinking about it. Alternate translation: “They will no longer think of this matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
214	JER	3	17	i1da	figs-metonymy		0	This is Yahweh’s throne	Here “Yahweh’s throne” represents the place from where Yahweh rules. Alternate translation: “This is from where Yahweh rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
215	JER	3	17	m3kn	figs-metaphor		0	They will no longer walk in the stubbornness of their wicked hearts	Yahweh speaks of people’s actions as if the people were walking along a path. Here the word “hearts” represents their minds or wills. Alternate translation: “They will no longer stubbornly do the wicked things that they want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
216	JER	3	18	nc4e	figs-metaphor		0	the house of Judah will walk with the house of Israel	Here “walk with” represents being united. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah will be united with the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
217	JER	3	18	gyl2	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
218	JER	3	18	f85t	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
219	JER	3	18	ni8b	figs-metaphor		0	the land that I gave your ancestors as an inheritance	God speaks of giving them the land to possess forever as if it were an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land that I gave to your ancestors so that it would belong to their descendants forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
220	JER	3	19	mwz9			0	As for me	the word “me” refers to Yahweh
221	JER	3	19	x77q	figs-exclamations		0	How I want to treat you as my son … nation	This is an exclamation that expresses God’s desire. Alternate translation: “I want so much to treat you as my son … nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
222	JER	3	19	fll8	figs-simile		0	I want to treat you as my son	God speaks of Israel as if Israel were his son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
223	JER	3	19	h67j	figs-metaphor		0	an inheritance more beautiful	God speaks of the land he wanted to give to Israel as if it were an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
224	JER	3	20	p93d	figs-simile		0	But like a woman faithless to her husband, you have betrayed me	God speaks of Israel being unfaithful to him as if she were an unfaithful wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
225	JER	3	20	ay61	figs-metonymy		0	house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “kingdom of Israel” or “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
226	JER	3	20	y4z7	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
227	JER	3	21	jt6v	figs-activepassive		0	A voice is heard	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People hear a noise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
228	JER	3	21	n3ty			0	the weeping and pleading of the people of Israel	Alternate translation: “the people of Israel crying and begging loudly”
229	JER	3	21	kza9	figs-metaphor		0	they have forgotten Yahweh their God	Here “have forgotten” represents neglecting or ignoring. Alternate translation: “They have ignored Yahweh their God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
230	JER	3	22	y37e	figs-metaphor		0	I will heal you of treachery!	This could mean: (1) “heal you of treachery” represents causing Israel to stop being unfaithful to God. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to stop being unfaithful to me” or (2) “heal you of treachery” represents forgiving Israel for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: “I will forgive your treachery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
231	JER	3	22	n26k			0	heal you of treachery	Alternate translation: “heal you so you will stop being unfaithful to me”
232	JER	3	22	z8l6	figs-ellipsis		0	Behold! We will come to you	It is understood that this is what the people of Israel will say. Alternate translation: “The people will reply, ‘Behold! We will come to you” or “You will say “Behold! We will come to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
233	JER	3	22	t3nz			0	Behold	Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
234	JER	3	23	az6h	figs-metonymy		0	Surely lies come from the hills	Here “the hills” represent the people’s worship of false gods on the hills. The people now realize that those false gods could not guide and help them. Alternate translation: “The false gods that we worshiped on the hills could not guide us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
235	JER	3	23	uic1	figs-explicit		0	a confusing noise from the mountains	People made a lot of noise on the hills and mountains when they worshiped false gods. Alternate translation: “We made a confusing noise on the mountains while we worshiped them, but they did not help us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
236	JER	3	23	n3uy			0	surely Yahweh our God is the salvation of Israel	Alternate translation: “surely Yahweh our God is the savior of Israel” or “surely Yahweh our God is the only one who can save Israel”
237	JER	3	24	q1yv			0	their flocks and cattle, their sons and daughters	This is a list of animals and people that the people of Israel had killed and offered to the idols.
238	JER	3	25	qy9p	figs-parallelism		0	Let us lie down in shame. May our shame cover us	These phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that the people are fully aware of their shameful behavior. Alternate translation: “Let us be completely humiliated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
239	JER	3	25	ny7e	figs-metaphor		0	May our shame cover us	Being fully aware of their shame is spoken of as if shame were covering them like a blanket or a garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
240	JER	3	25	x6vr	figs-metaphor		0	from the time of our youthfulness	This could mean: (1) “the time of our youthfulness” refers to when each person was young. Alternate translation: “from when we were young” or (2) “the time of our youthfulness” is a metaphor that refers to when Israel was first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: “from when we were first becoming a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
241	JER	3	25	u638	figs-metonymy		0	have not listened to the voice of Yahweh our God	Here “listened” represents obeying, and “the voice of Yahweh” represents what Yahweh has said. Alternate translation: “have not obeyed what Yahweh our God has said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
242	JER	4	intro	yf6n			0		# Jeremiah 4 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 4:1-9.<br><br>The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 3:19-4:3. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s punishment<br>This chapter prophecies Yahweh’s punishment on Judah. This should bring Judah to repentance, but it does not. It is also intended to make the nations fear the power of Yahweh and make them desire to worship him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])
243	JER	4	1	nmt1	figs-metonymy		0	then it should be to me that you return	This could mean: (1) this is a command that emphasizes who they should return to. Alternate translation: “then come back to me” or “then worship me” (2) this is a repetition of the first phrase, which expresses a condition. Alternate translation: “if you will come back to me” or “if you will start worshiping me again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
244	JER	4	1	q5zm	figs-metonymy		0	If you remove your detestable things from before me	Here “detestable things” refers to idols, which God hates. Alternate translation: “If you remove your disgusting idols from my presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
245	JER	4	1	g7zg	figs-metaphor		0	do not wander from me again	Here “wander” is a metaphor for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: “if you remain faithful to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
246	JER	4	2	qu22	figs-idiom		0	As Yahweh lives	“As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
247	JER	4	2	i2an	figs-metonymy		0	the nations will bless themselves in him	Here “the nations” is a metonym for people of other nations. The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Since Yahweh is speaking, it can also be translated as “me.” Alternate translation: “people of other nations will bless themselves in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
248	JER	4	2	hbb7	figs-metonymy		0	the nations will bless themselves in him	Here “bless themselves in him” is a metonym for asking Yahweh to bless them. Alternate translation: “the people of the nations will ask Yahweh to bless them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
249	JER	4	2	nkf4	figs-123person		0	in him they will glory	The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Since Yahweh is speaking, “him” can also be translated as “me.” Alternate translation: “they will boast in me” or “they will praise me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
250	JER	4	3	u4kd	figs-metaphor		0	Plow your own ground, and do not sow among thorns	Yahweh tells the people to prepare their lives like a farmer prepares the ground for planting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
251	JER	4	4	wva4	figs-metaphor		0	Circumcise yourselves to Yahweh, and remove the foreskins of your heart	Yahweh describes the people’s devotion to him in terms of the physical sign of covenant. Alternate translation: “Dedicate yourselves completely to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
252	JER	4	4	pp1f	figs-parallelism		0	Circumcise yourselves … remove the foreskins of your heart	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
253	JER	4	4	kf3t	figs-simile		0	my fury will break out like fire, and burn with no one to quench it	Yahweh speaks of becoming extremely angry as if his anger were fire. Alternate translation: “my anger will burn like a fire and no one will be able to stop it” or “I will be extremely angry, and no one will be able to stop me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
254	JER	4	4	tw9h			0	fury	Alternate translation: “great anger”
255	JER	4	5	e8kp	figs-parallelism		0	Report in Judah and let it be heard in Jerusalem	These phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
256	JER	4	5	j19h	figs-activepassive		0	let it be heard in Jerusalem	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “cause the people in Jerusalem to hear it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
257	JER	4	5	lrv2			0	Blow the trumpet in the land	The trumpet would warn the people that their enemies were coming to attack them.
258	JER	4	5	n1n6			0	Let us go to the fortified cities	They would go to the fortified cities for protection from their enemies.
259	JER	4	6	tf7e	figs-doublet		0	disaster … a great collapse	These words mean basically the same thing. The phrase “a great collapse” defines what the “disaster” will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
260	JER	4	6	xug6	figs-metaphor		0	for I am bringing disaster from the north and a great collapse	This represents God sending an army from the north to cause disaster and destruction in Judah. Alternate translation: “for I will cause an army from the north to come and destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
261	JER	4	6	d4sz	figs-metonymy		0	from the north	This represents an enemy army that would come from the north. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
262	JER	4	7	a149	figs-metaphor		0	A lion is coming	God speaks of a powerful army as if it were a fierce lion. Alternate translation: “A powerful and merciless army approaches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
263	JER	4	7	myr9			0	thicket	a set of bushes that grew closely together
264	JER	4	7	lwr1	figs-synecdoche		0	someone who will destroy nations	Here “someone” represents a king and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
265	JER	4	7	w16d	figs-idiom		0	is setting out	This idiom refers to starting to move. Alternate translation: “is starting to march” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
266	JER	4	7	cix1	figs-metonymy		0	to bring horror to your land	This represents destroying the land, which would cause people who see it to be horrified. Alternate translation: “to destroy your land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
267	JER	4	8	q3kk	translate-symaction		0	wrap yourself in sackcloth	People would wear sackcloth to show that they were very sad. In this context it would be to show that they were very sorry for the bad things they had done. Alternate translation: “put on the clothes that show you are mourning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
268	JER	4	8	j7pi			0	wail	cry loudly
269	JER	4	8	pwd6	figs-metaphor		0	For the force of Yahweh’s anger has not turned away from us	Anger is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could turn away from people. Here “Yahweh’s anger has not turned away from us” means that Yahweh is still very angry with the people. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is still very angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
270	JER	4	9	l39s	figs-metonymy		0	the hearts of the king and his officials will die	Here “hearts” represent courage. Also “the hearts … will die” represents losing courage and being afraid. Alternate translation: “the king and his officials will stop being courageous” or “the king and his officials will be terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
271	JER	4	10	u3zu	figs-personification		0	the sword is striking against their life	Here enemies being ready to kill people is spoken of as if the sword was a person striking at people. Alternate translation: “our enemies are ready to slaughter us with their swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
272	JER	4	11	eaf4	figs-activepassive		0	it will be said	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
273	JER	4	11	l2gl	figs-metaphor		0	burning wind from the plains	Here a “burning wind” represents a fierce and merciless enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
274	JER	4	11	apu1			0	will make its way	Alternate translation: “will travel” or “will rush”
275	JER	4	11	c8vv	figs-metaphor		0	the daughter of my people	Yahweh shows his love for his people by speaking of them as a daughter. Alternate translation: “my people, who are like a daughter to me” or “my dear people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
276	JER	4	11	y4pq	figs-doublet		0	It will not winnow or cleanse them	The words “winnow” and “cleanse” refer to blowing away the useless skins from grain. Only a light wind was needed for that. Alternate translation: “It will not be a light wind for blowing the chaff away from the grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
277	JER	4	12	xws1	figs-metaphor		0	A wind far stronger than that	far stronger than the “burning wind” of verse 11. The wind is a metaphor for a fierce and merciless enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
278	JER	4	12	s27n			0	will come at my command	Alternate translation: “will come when I command it to come”
279	JER	4	12	rx21			0	at my command	This expression in Hebrew is interpreted by some modern versions as “for me” or “from me.”
280	JER	4	12	y377			0	pass sentence against them	Alternate translation: “announce their punishment”
281	JER	4	13	t3g7	figs-simile		0	See, he is attacking like clouds	The word “he” refers to the enemy king and his army. The great size of the army is spoken of as if they were giant storm clouds. Alternate translation: “See, great armies like giant clouds are gathering to attack” or “See, great armies are gathering to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
282	JER	4	13	y26t	figs-simile		0	his chariots are like a storm	The enemies’ chariots are spoken of as if they were like a storm. Storms can be noisy, destructive, and fast-moving. Alternate translation: “the roar of their chariots coming is like a fierce storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
283	JER	4	13	pd5b			0	Woe to us	Alternate translation: “This is terrible”
284	JER	4	13	rkz7	figs-activepassive		0	for we will be devastated	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for they will devastate us” or “for they will destroy us all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
285	JER	4	14	n8cb	figs-metaphor		0	Cleanse your heart from wickedness, Jerusalem	This is a warning to the people living in Jerusalem to repent. “Cleanse your heart” is a metaphor for removing evil from their lives. Alternate translation: “People of Jerusalem, stop being evil” or “People of Jerusalem, stop living wickedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
286	JER	4	14	wj5b	figs-rquestion		0	How long will your deepest thoughts be about how to sin?	This question is used to rebuke the people for always planning how to sin. Alternate translation: “Your deepest thoughts are about how to sin!” or “You are always thinking about how to sin!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
287	JER	4	15	ri3n	figs-synecdoche		0	a voice is bringing news from Dan	Here “a voice” represents a messenger. Alternate translation: “a messenger comes and tells about what is happening in Dan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
288	JER	4	15	w5rx			0	Dan	This probably refers to the region of Dan, which was west of Jerusalem.
289	JER	4	15	mu7y	figs-activepassive		0	the coming disaster is heard from the mountains of Ephraim	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people hear about the disaster that is coming from Ephraim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
290	JER	4	15	t4qv			0	from Dan … mountains of Ephraim	By hearing that the enemies had gotten to Dan and Ephraim, people in Jerusalem would understand that the enemies were getting closer to them.
291	JER	4	16	e4lv			0	besiegers are coming	Besiegers are soldiers who surround a city in order to keep the people in the city from being able to get supplies of food and water.
292	JER	4	17	b2nh	figs-simile		0	They will be like the watchmen of a cultivated field against her all around	Carefully guarding a city to keep people from going in and out is spoken of as if they are carefully watching a field to keep people from stealing from it. Alternate translation: “they will guard Jerusalem carefully like watchmen who carefully guard a cultivated field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
293	JER	4	17	vj61	figs-personification		0	against her all around	The word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Jerusalem was often spoken of as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
294	JER	4	18	vwi9	figs-personification		0	your conduct and your deeds have done these things to you	Here “conduct” and “deeds” are spoken of as if they are people that could do things. These abstract nouns can be expressed with the phrase “what you have done.” Alternate translation: “These things are happening to you because of what you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
295	JER	4	18	xek6	figs-metaphor		0	It will strike your very heart	Here “heart” probably refers to the emotions, and “strike your very heart” probably refers to causing them to suffer terribly. Alternate translation: “It will be as if it strikes your very heart” or “It will cause you to suffer terrible anguish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
296	JER	4	19	yrw5	figs-metonymy		0	My heart! My heart!	Here “heart” represents painful emotions, such as grief and fear. The phrase is repeated to express the intensity of the pain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
297	JER	4	19	zw89			0	I am in anguish in my heart	The speaker feels severe emotional pain that causes severe physical pain.
298	JER	4	19	l92y			0	My heart is turbulent within me	“My heart is beating wildly.” Here “heart” refers to the body part. It is turbulent because it is beating much stronger and faster than normal.
299	JER	4	19	a6je			0	turbulent	full of confusion, violence, or disorder; not stable or steady
300	JER	4	20	eaz9	figs-activepassive		0	Suddenly my tents are destroyed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Enemies have suddenly destroyed my tents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
301	JER	4	20	edb5	figs-ellipsis		0	my curtains in a moment	The words “are destroyed” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “my curtains are destroyed in a moment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
302	JER	4	20	b4gs			0	my curtains	Curtains are cloths that are hung to separate the rooms in the tents.
303	JER	4	21	k2xu	figs-rquestion		0	How long will I see the standard? Will I hear the sound of the horn?	Jeremiah uses these questions to show his distress about seeing the battle flag and hearing the sound of the horn for such a long time. He wishes that the battle would end soon. It can be stated as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Oh, how I wish that the battle would end, and the flag would be lowered, and the sound of the army’s horn would stop” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
304	JER	4	21	cy1e			0	the standard	Alternate translation: “the battle flag”
305	JER	4	21	bdm1			0	the sound of the horn	Someone would blow the horn as a signal for battle.
306	JER	4	22	q9tl	figs-explicit		0	For the foolishness of my people … do not know to do good.	It can be stated clearly that Yahweh says this. This is probably his reply to Jeremiah, telling why the battle is still happening. Alternate translation: “Yahweh replied, ‘It is because of the foolishness of my people … do not know to do good.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
307	JER	4	22	ci3d			0	idiotic people	Alternate translation: “stupid people”
308	JER	4	23	lj51			0	General Information:	Jeremiah describes a vision that God gave him about things that would happen later.
309	JER	4	23	r4yf			0	Behold	The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
310	JER	4	23	p6iz			0	formless and empty	This vision is a prophecy of what the land of Israel would be like after the people were all taken into captivity.
311	JER	4	23	ex8r			0	there was no light for the heavens	Alternate translation: “there were no lights in the sky”
312	JER	4	26	y7ek			0	all the cities had been pulled down	Alternate translation: “all the cities had been destroyed” or “all the cities were a heap of ruins”
313	JER	4	26	zkf9			0	before Yahweh, before the fury of his wrath	This indicates that all these things would happen because Yahweh was so angry with the people of Judah.
314	JER	4	27	zmu6			0	All the land will become a devastation	Alternate translation: “All the land of Judah will be devastated” or “all the land of Judah will be ruined”
315	JER	4	28	a8f6	figs-personification		0	the land will mourn, and the heavens above will darken	Jeremiah emphasizes Yahweh’s judgment by saying that the earth itself expresses great sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
316	JER	4	28	p7nd			0	I will not hold back	Alternate translation: “I will not change my mind”
317	JER	4	28	nz7a	figs-metaphor		0	I will not turn from carrying them out	Here “turn” represents deciding not to do what he said he would do. Alternate translation: “I will not change my mind about doing what I said I would do” or “I will not refuse to do what I planned to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
318	JER	4	29	s7su	figs-metonymy		0	Every city	Here “city” represents the people living in the city. Alternate translation: “The people of every city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
319	JER	4	29	w9pv			0	cavalry	a group of soldiers riding horses
320	JER	4	29	q17v			0	they will run into the forests	They will run away to the forests for safety.
321	JER	4	29	v4z8	figs-parallelism		0	The cities will be abandoned, for there will be no one to inhabit them	These two clauses have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. Alternate translation: “The cities will be empty. There will be no one left to live in them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
322	JER	4	30	dp7c			0	General Information:	Yahweh speaks of the people of Judah as if they were a prostitute because they were unfaithful to him by worshiping other gods.
323	JER	4	30	n253			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues speaking to Judah.
324	JER	4	30	cmv6	figs-rquestion		0	Now that you have been devastated, what will you do?	This question is used to tell the people of Judah that there is nothing they can do to help themselves. Alternate translation: “Now that your enemies have devastated you, there is nothing you can do to find help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
325	JER	4	30	r96u	figs-explicit		0	you dress in scarlet … gold jewelry … eyes … with paint	God speaks of the people of Judah as if they were a prostitute making herself look beautiful in order to attract men to her. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Like a prostitute you dress in scarlet … good jewelry … eyes … with paint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
326	JER	4	30	qfd4	figs-metonymy		0	you dress in scarlet	Here “scarlet” represents expensive, red clothing. Alternate translation: “you wear expensive red clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
327	JER	4	30	r71v			0	adorn yourself with gold jewelry	Alternate translation: “you put on gold jewelry”
328	JER	4	30	z4md	figs-metaphor		0	men who lusted for you now reject you	God speaks of the nations that Judah had depended on for wealth and business as if they were men who lusted after Judah. Those nations would reject Judah when they see God’s judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
329	JER	4	30	vu5x	figs-metonymy		0	they are trying to take away your life	Here “trying to take your life away” represents trying to kill the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “They are trying to kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
330	JER	4	31	fqh9	figs-simile		0	distress as in the birth	This simile is used to show how greatly distressed Judah will be. Alternate translation: “severe distress as in the pain and suffering a woman has while giving birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
331	JER	4	31	l6l7	figs-metaphor		0	the daughter of Zion	God shows his love for the people of Jerusalem by speaking of them as a daughter. Alternate translation: “my dear daughter, Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
332	JER	4	31	j9ka			0	Woe to me	Alternate translation: “I am in great danger”
333	JER	4	31	r56w			0	I am fainting	Alternate translation: “I am becoming weak”
334	JER	5	intro	hq1g			0		# Jeremiah 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 5:1-31.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br>### Hyperbole<br>It is possible that Yahweh is using the word “a” (meaning “even one”) as hyperbole when he states, “If you can find a man or anyone who is acting justly and trying to act faithfully, then I will forgive Jerusalem.” The purpose of this is to show how evil Jerusalem had become. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Yahweh asks several rhetorical questions in this chapter. This is intended to show Jeremiah the justness of his actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
335	JER	5	1	wtq8	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
336	JER	5	1	a164			0	Rush about through the streets	Alternate translation: “Go quickly through the streets”
337	JER	5	1	ig3t			0	Then look and think about this	Alternate translation: “look and find out”
338	JER	5	1	qf12			0	city squares	broad and open places in a city where people can gather
339	JER	5	1	rhm7			0	who is acting justly	Alternate translation: “who does what is just”
340	JER	5	2	y47l			0	Although they say	The word “they” refers to the people of Jerusalem.
341	JER	5	2	ey96	figs-idiom		0	As Yahweh lives	“as surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
342	JER	5	3	cl5c	figs-rquestion		0	do your eyes not look for faithfulness?	Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that what Yahweh really wants is faithfulness. Wanting people to be faithful is spoken of as looking for faithfulness. Alternate translation: “you look for faithfulness.” or “you want people to be faithful.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
343	JER	5	3	dma9	figs-metaphor		0	You struck the people, but they do not feel pain.	God punished his people in various ways. Here it is spoken of as if he hit them. Alternate translation: “You punish the people, but they do not pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
344	JER	5	3	bwd1	figs-metaphor		0	they still refuse to receive discipline	Here “to receive discipline” represents learning from discipline to do what is right. Alternate translation: “they still refuse to learn their lesson” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
345	JER	5	3	v9en	figs-metonymy		0	They make their faces harder than rock	Hard faces represents the expression on their faces that shows that they are stubborn. The simile “harder than rock” shows that the people are extremely stubborn. Alternate translation: “They are extremely stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
346	JER	5	4	ty12			0	So I said	Jeremiah is speaking.
347	JER	5	5	mu9t	figs-metaphor		0	But they all broke their yoke together; they all tore apart the chains that bound them to God.	The yoke and chains represent the law which bind God and his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
348	JER	5	6	d8ks	figs-metaphor		0	So a lion … A wolf … A lurking panther	These are dangerous animals that can kill people. This could mean: (1) this really is about wild animals killing people or (2) these wild animals are metaphors for enemy armies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
349	JER	5	6	ei8j	figs-metaphor		0	So a lion … A wolf … A lurking panther … torn apart	One possible meaning is that these are metaphors for enemy armies who will attack Judah. Alternate translation: “Like a lion from the thicket, a wolf from the Arabah, and a lurking panther, enemy armies will come against their cities, attack them, and destroy them. Anyone who goes outside his city will be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
350	JER	5	6	qkm7			0	thicket	a set of bushes that grew closely together.
351	JER	5	6	a7xd			0	wolf	a large wild dangerous dog
352	JER	5	6	nb63			0	lurking	watching for an opportunity to attack
353	JER	5	6	jm2c			0	panther	a large wild dangerous cat
354	JER	5	6	eb17	figs-abstractnouns		0	For their transgressions increase	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **transgressions**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “sin.” Alternate translation: “For they sin much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
355	JER	5	6	bl92	figs-abstractnouns		0	Their acts of faithlessness are unlimited	The abstract nouns in “acts of faithlessness” can be translated as “the faithless things they do.” Alternate translation: “The faithless things they do are many” or “They do many faithless things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
356	JER	5	7	tgq4	figs-rquestion		0	Why should I pardon these people?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he has no reason to pardon these people. Alternate translation: “Because of the things that they do, I cannot pardon these people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
357	JER	5	7	i1na			0	these people	the people of Jerusalem
358	JER	5	7	duz8	figs-personification		0	Your sons	Yahweh is speaking to Jerusalem as though she were a woman who had children. Jerusalem’s “sons” represent the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
359	JER	5	7	mvg1	figs-metaphor		0	I fed them fully	Providing all they needed is spoken of as feeding them. Alternate translation: “I gave them everything they needed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
360	JER	5	7	cc9s	figs-metaphor		0	they committed adultery and walked in great numbers to the houses of prostitutes	This may be a metaphor for being unfaithful to God and worshiping idols, but idol worship also included prostitution. Alternate translation: “they were unfaithful to me and went in large numbers to the houses of prostitutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
361	JER	5	7	vq87			0	walked in great numbers to the houses of prostitutes	Alternate translation: “went in large groups to the houses of prostitutes” or “large groups of them went to the houses of prostitutes”
362	JER	5	8	m3wt	figs-metaphor		0	They were horses in heat … neighed to his neighbor’s wife	Because the God speaks of them as if they were horses that wanted to mate with other horses. Alternate translation: “They were like horses in heat … neighed to his neighbor’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
363	JER	5	8	yq1u			0	in heat	ready to mate
364	JER	5	8	u1ts			0	mate	when animals breed to reproduce
365	JER	5	8	hgv8	figs-metaphor		0	Each man neighed to his neighbor’s wife	Male horses neigh loudly to female horses when they want to mate with them. Alternate translation: “Like horses who mate with more than one horse, these men wanted to sleep with other men’s wives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
366	JER	5	9	i5z2	figs-rquestion		0	So should I not punish them … and should I not avenge myself on a nation that is like this?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will no have mercy but will punish them. Alternate translation: “Because they do these things, I will punish them … I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
367	JER	5	9	l377	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
368	JER	5	10	rwg3			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to speak. Here he speaks to the enemies of Israel.
369	JER	5	10	uh17	figs-explicit		0	Go up onto her vineyards’ terraces	In verses 10-13 Yahweh speaks to Israel’s enemies. This can be made clear in the quotation. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Israel, go up onto her vineyards’ terraces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
370	JER	5	10	tnx6	figs-metaphor		0	Go up onto her vineyards’ terraces and destroy	Yahweh speaks of Israel and Judah as if they were a vineyard and the people there were vines. Alternate translation: “Go up into Israel and Judah, which are like a vineyard to me, and destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
371	JER	5	10	q848			0	do not bring complete destruction to them	Alternate translation: “do not completely destroy them”
372	JER	5	10	dtf8	figs-metaphor		0	Trim their vines, since those vines do not come from Yahweh	The word “their” refers to the vineyards. Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel and Judah as if they were vines. Alternate translation: “like farmers who trim the vines of a vineyard, you must remove many of the people of Israel and Judah, because they do not belong to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
373	JER	5	11	r8hw	figs-metonymy		0	For the houses of Israel and Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for a person’s descendants. In this case it refers to the people of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. Alternate translation: “For the people of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
374	JER	5	11	b2gh	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
375	JER	5	12	hy7p			0	They have spoken falsely about Yahweh and they said	Alternate translation: “They have spoken falsely about Yahweh by saying”
376	JER	5	12	i2ai	figs-parallelism		0	no harm will come upon us, and we will not see sword or famine	These two sentences say the same thing, the second is more specific than the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
377	JER	5	12	b9kn	figs-idiom		0	no harm will come upon us	The idiom “come upon us” means “happen to us.” Alternate translation: “No harm will happen to us” or “no one will harm us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
378	JER	5	12	g399	figs-metaphor		0	we will not see sword or famine	Here “see” is a metaphor for experience, and “sword” is a metonym for war. Alternate translation: “we will not experience war or famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
379	JER	5	13	b87v	figs-metonymy		0	The prophets will become wind	Here “prophets” is a metonym that represents what the prophets say, and “wind” is a metaphor for something that does not do anything. Alternate translation: “The prophets words are just noisy wind” or “The prophets make noise like the wind, but what they prophesy will not happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
380	JER	5	13	z6ye	figs-explicit		0	the word is not in them	Here “the word” refers to God’s message. Alternate translation: “God’s message is not in them” or “the messages that they speak are not from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
381	JER	5	13	nhv2	figs-explicit		0	so let what they say be done to them	It can be stated clearly what kinds of things the prophets were talking about. Alternate translation: “so let the harm that the prophets talk about come to them” or “since the prophets say that bad things will happen to us, let those bad things happen to the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
382	JER	5	14	r6t4			0	Because you	The word “you” refers to the people of Israel and Judah.
383	JER	5	14	x6w7			0	have said this	See what the people said in [Jeremiah 5:12](../05/12.md).
384	JER	5	14	pet2			0	see	Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
385	JER	5	14	e41j	figs-metaphor		0	I am about to place my word in your mouth	Here “place my word in your mouth” represents causing Jeremiah to speak God’s message. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to speak my message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
386	JER	5	14	bax7	figs-simile		0	It will be like a fire, and this people will be like wood	Yahweh speaks of his message as if it were a fire, and of his people as if they were wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
387	JER	5	14	th8l	figs-metaphor		0	For it will consume them	“For my message will consume them.” Yahweh’s message was about how he would punish his people, so he speaks as if his message would destroy them as a fire destroys wood. Alternate translation: “For when you speak my message, it will destroy the people of Israel as fire destroys wood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
388	JER	5	15	hr3d			0	against you	“to attack you.” The word “you” refers to the people of Israel.
389	JER	5	15	w6v8	figs-doublet		0	it is a lasting nation, an ancient nation	These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how long the nation has existed. This refers to the nation from far away that Yahweh will bring against Israel. Alternate translation: “it is a very old and enduring nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
390	JER	5	15	f6kv			0	a lasting nation	Alternate translation: “an enduring nation” or “a very strong nation”
391	JER	5	15	c9wc	figs-parallelism		0	It is a nation whose language you do not know, nor will you understand what they say	These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the Israelites do not know the language of those people. It may imply that the Israelites have not had much contact with them. Alternate translation: “It is a nation whose language you will not understand at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
392	JER	5	16	ub23			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
393	JER	5	16	yjs1	figs-metonymy		0	Its quiver … They are all soldiers	Here “Its quiver” represents the enemy nation’s army, and the arrows in the quiver represent the soldiers in the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
394	JER	5	16	a4wr			0	quiver	a container for holding arrows
395	JER	5	16	nsx2	figs-simile		0	Its quiver is like an open tomb	An open tomb is one that is prepared to have many dead bodies put in it. The enemy army will kill many people. Alternate translation: “That nation’s army will use their arrows and kill many people” or “Because of the arrows of its army, many people will die and be buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
396	JER	5	17	x18i	figs-metaphor		0	So your harvest will be consumed, your sons and daughters also, and your food	This could mean: (1) their harvest and their food that was for their sons and daughters would be consumed. Alternate translation: “So your harvest and your food for your sons and daughters will be consumed” or (2) their harvest, sons and daughters, and food would all be consumed. The idea of the sons and daughters being “consumed” would be a metaphor for killed. Alternate translation: “So your harvest and your food will be consumed, and your sons and daughters will be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
397	JER	5	17	ty62	figs-activepassive		0	So your harvest will be consumed	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the army of that nation will eat the food that you expected to harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
398	JER	5	17	ycw1			0	your sons and daughters also, and your food	This could mean: (1) the enemies would eat the food that the sons and daughters should eat, or (2) the enemies will destroy the sons and daughters and eat the food.
399	JER	5	17	e76e			0	They will eat	The word “They” refers to the army of that nation.
400	JER	5	17	aj2t	figs-synecdoche		0	They will beat down with a sword your fortified cities	The sword is a synecdoche for all of the different weapons that people use in war. Alternate translation: “They will use their weapons to conquer your strong cities that you trusted to protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
401	JER	5	17	fe1b			0	your fortified cities	Fortified cities had a wall around them to protect the people inside from their enemies outside.
402	JER	5	17	evt5			0	that you trusted in	Alternate translation: “that you thought were strong enough to keep you safe”
403	JER	5	18	hp6x			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Jeremiah.
404	JER	5	18	fq65			0	do not intend to destroy	Alternate translation: “will not destroy”
405	JER	5	19	v6cs	figs-explicit		0	done all these things to us	The phrase “these things” refers to sending armies to attack them. Alternate translation: “done all these things to harm us” or “sent foreign armies to attack us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
406	JER	5	19	f6pe	figs-metaphor		0	Just as you … served foreign gods in your land, so you must also serve strangers	Here “served foreign gods” represents worshiping foreign gods. God would punish them for serving foreign gods by making them serve foreign people. Alternate translation: “Because you … worshiped foreign gods in your land, you will have to serve foreigners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
407	JER	5	20	h8i5			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
408	JER	5	20	i1qw			0	Report this	Alternate translation: “Tell this”
409	JER	5	20	x88v	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Jacob	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob’s descendants. Translate “house of Jacob” as in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
410	JER	5	20	c3ln	figs-activepassive		0	let it be heard in Judah	This can be expressed in active from. Alternate translation: “Let those in Judah hear it” or “announce it in Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
411	JER	5	21	huc3			0	who have no understanding	Alternate translation: “who do not understand” or “who understand nothing”
412	JER	5	21	iqw3	figs-metonymy		0	you cannot see	Here “cannot see” is a metonym for not understanding. Alternate translation: “you do not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
413	JER	5	21	h6v9	figs-metonymy		0	you cannot hear	Here “cannot hear” represents not understanding. “Alternate translation: “you do not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
414	JER	5	22	y6ba	figs-rquestion		0	Do you not fear me … face?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people are extremely foolish because they do not fear Yahweh. Alternate translation: “It is foolish that you do not fear me … face!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
415	JER	5	22	u7l9	figs-explicit		0	or tremble before my face	The trembling would be because of fear, and being “before my face” represents being aware of who God is. Alternate translation: “or shake with fear because of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
416	JER	5	22	l6nf			0	I have placed a border of sand against the sea	Alternate translation: “I placed the sand as the border for the sea”
417	JER	5	22	l23z	figs-metaphor		0	an ongoing decree that it does not violate	God speaks of the ocean not going past the border of sand as if the border were a law, and as if the ocean were a person who obeys the law. Alternate translation: “an everlasting limit that it cannot cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
418	JER	5	22	ayh2			0	rises and falls	Alternate translation: “moves back and forth”
419	JER	5	22	kd3c	figs-metaphor		0	it does not violate it	“the ocean does not violate my decree.” God speaks of ocean not going past the border of sand as if the border were a law, and as if the ocean were a person who obeys the law. Alternate translation: “it does not succeed in going past the border” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
420	JER	5	23	l32t	figs-metaphor		0	this people has a stubborn heart. It turns	The people’s heart represents their attitude toward God. If Yahweh is speaking to the people, this can also be expressed with the word “you.” Alternate translation: “but you people have a stubborn heart. You turn” or “but you people are stubborn. You turn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
421	JER	5	23	cf4m	figs-metaphor		0	It turns away in rebellion and goes away	The word “it” refers to the people. Here “goes away” represents disobeying God. Alternate translation: “They rebel and disobey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
422	JER	5	24	s5r8	figs-metaphor		0	they do not say in their hearts	Here “their hearts” represent their thoughts, and “say” represents thinking. Alternate translation: “they do not think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
423	JER	5	24	k3at	figs-explicit		0	keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest for us	Here “keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest” represents making sure that those weeks happen at the right time. Alternate translation: “making sure for us that the weeks of harvest happen when they are supposed to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
424	JER	5	25	g8i4			0	Your iniquities	The word “Your” refers to the descendants of Jacob and the people of Judah.
425	JER	5	25	kl5g			0	these things	This refers to the rains and the harvests.
426	JER	5	25	th39	figs-metaphor		0	Your sins have stopped good from coming to you	Good things “coming” represents good things happening. “Because of your sins, good things have stopped happening to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
427	JER	5	26	x9gl	figs-activepassive		0	For wicked men are found with my people	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “For I have found wicked men among my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
428	JER	5	26	zk7i	figs-simile		0	They watch as someone crouches to capture birds	God speaks of wicked people wanting to harm someone as if they were waiting to capture birds. Alternate translation: “Like someone hiding and waiting to capture birds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
429	JER	5	26	rv4u	figs-metaphor		0	they set a trap and catch people	God speaks of wicked people intentionally harming others as if they were setting a trap. Alternate translation: “They set things up so that they can take advantage of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
430	JER	5	27	qx63	figs-simile		0	Like a cage full of birds, their houses are full of deceit	Here “deceit” represents the things that were taken by deceit. Alternate translation: Like a cage full of birds that a hunter has caught, wicked people’s houses are full of things that they have taken by deceiving people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
431	JER	5	27	ktf1	figs-metaphor		0	they grow large and become rich	Here “large” represents powerful. Alternate translation: “these wicked people become powerful and rich” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
432	JER	5	28	cw6j			0	they shine with well-being	This could mean: (1) their skin shines because of the healthy food they eat, or (2) their body is smooth because of the muscle and fat between their bones and skin. It indicates that they eat well.
433	JER	5	28	plb9	figs-metaphor		0	They crossed over all bounds of wickedness	Doing all kinds of wicked things is spoken of as if there were a boundary separating some wicked things from things that are even more wicked. Alternate translation: “They do all kinds of wicked things” or “They even do the most wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
434	JER	5	28	mc4l			0	They do not plead the cause of the people, or the cause of the orphan	Alternate translation: “They do not plead with the rulers to give the people and the orphans what they need” or “They do not plead with the rulers to give justice to the people and the orphans”
435	JER	5	28	fdb8			0	they have not given justice to the needy	Alternate translation: “they have not helped the needy by doing what is just for them”
436	JER	5	29	pah8	figs-rquestion		0	Should I not punish … a nation like this?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will no have mercy but will punish them. See how you translated a similar sentence in [Jeremiah 5:9](../05/09.md). Alternate translation: “So I will punish them, this is Yahweh’s declaration. I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
437	JER	5	29	s1ep	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
438	JER	5	30	jnz7	figs-explicit		0	Atrocities and horrors have occurred	This can be stated more actively. Alternate translation: “People do terrible and horrible things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
439	JER	5	30	a5il	figs-explicit		0	in the land	Here “the land” refers to the land of Israel.’ Alternate translation: “in the land of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
440	JER	5	31	m6tl			0	The prophets prophesy with deceit, and the priests rule with their own power	These are the atrocities and horrors that are spoken of in verse 30.
441	JER	5	31	jd9n			0	The prophets prophesy with deceit	Alternate translation: “The prophets prophesy lies” or “The prophets tell lies when they prophesy”
442	JER	5	31	md9e	figs-explicit		0	the priests rule with their own power	This could mean: (1) the priests do not submit to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “the priests rule by their own authority” or (2) the priests rule according to the directions of the prophets (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
443	JER	5	31	lf6j	figs-rquestion		0	but what will happen in the end?	“but what will you do at the end of all of this?” Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people will regret being wicked when he punishes them for it. Alternate translation: “but in the end I will punish you and you will be regret your wicked behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
444	JER	6	intro	f4ic			0		# Jeremiah 6 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 6:1-30.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gods and battle<br>In the ancient Near East, it was commonly believed that a nation’s gods were responsible for military victory. It may have been believed that a god would not defend an evil city. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
445	JER	6	1	h511			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
446	JER	6	1	f21l	figs-idiom		0	Find safety … by leaving Jerusalem	Here “Find safety” represents doing what they can in order to be safe. Alternate translation: “Be safe … by leaving Jerusalem” or “Leave Jerusalem … so that you can be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
447	JER	6	1	a8g6			0	people of Benjamin	This is who Yahweh was speaking to.
448	JER	6	1	h78h	figs-explicit		0	Blow a trumpet in Tekoa	A trumpet is used as a warning that people will be attacked. Alternate translation: “Blow a trumpet in Tekoa to warn the people that they will be attacked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
449	JER	6	1	v1e9	translate-names		0	Tekoa	This is the name of a town about 18 kilometers south of Jerusalem. The name means “a horn for blowing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
450	JER	6	1	m5nz			0	Raise up over Beth Hakkerem a signal	This could mean: (1) the signal is smoke from a fire. Alternate translation: “Light a fire to send up smoke at Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming” or (2) the signal is a flag. Alternate translation: “Raise up a flag over the town of Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming”
451	JER	6	1	cj9u			0	Beth Hakkerem	the name of a town about 10 kilometers south of Jerusalem. The name means “the place of the vineyard.”
452	JER	6	1	fa2a	figs-metonymy		0	wickedness is appearing from the north	Here “wickedness” represents disaster and the people who will cause it. Alternate translation: “enemies will come from the north and cause disaster to happen to you” or “enemies coming from the north will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
453	JER	6	1	sub6	figs-explicit		0	a great crushing is coming	How the crushing will come can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Enemies will come and crush you” or “Enemies will come and destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
454	JER	6	2	cw79	figs-personification		0	The daughter of Zion, the beautiful and delicate woman	Zion is another name for Jerusalem. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as though it were a woman. He speaks of it as a daughter to show his love for Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “My dear Zion, which is like a beautiful and delicate woman” or “My dear Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
455	JER	6	3	l12q	figs-metaphor		0	The shepherds and their flocks will go to them	Kings were often spoken of as shepherds of their people. Alternate translation: “The kings and their soldiers will go to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
456	JER	6	3	j632	figs-explicit		0	they will set up tents against her all around	The phrase “against her” means “in order to attack Zion.” Alternate translation: “they will set up tents all around Zion in order to attack it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
457	JER	6	3	g9el	figs-metonymy		0	each man will shepherd	God speaks of kings leading their armies to destroy the land, as if they were shepherds leading their sheep to eat grass. Alternate translation: “like a shepherd each king will lead his army” or “each king will lead his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
458	JER	6	3	uz2s	figs-metaphor		0	with his own hand	Here “hand” represents the portion of something someone his assigned to take in his hand. Here it refers to the portion of land the king is assigned to conquer. Alternate translation: “and conquer his portion of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
459	JER	6	4	u13f			0	General Information:	A king from the attacking army is speaking to the men under his control.
460	JER	6	4	ejj3	figs-explicit		0	Dedicate yourselves	It can be stated clearly that the kings say this. Alternate translation: “The kings say to their armies, ‘Dedicate yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
461	JER	6	4	am3p	figs-explicit		0	Dedicate yourselves to the gods for the battle	The attacking army tries to ensure that their gods will help them during the war by performing ceremonies and making sacrifices to them. Alternate translation: “Prepare for war by purifying yourselves and sacrificing to the gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
462	JER	6	4	l529	figs-metaphor		0	Arise, let us attack	To arise or stand up is a metaphor for no longer watching and thinking and instead beginning to act. Alternate translation: “Let us stop thinking and begin to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
463	JER	6	4	ldp8			0	let us attack at noon	Alternate translation: “Let us attack Jerusalem at noon”
464	JER	6	4	d1mc			0	It is too bad that the daylight is fading away, that the evening shadows are falling	The kings say this later in the day when they want their army to keep fighting even though it is getting dark.
465	JER	6	4	hnt2	figs-metonymy		0	the daylight is fading away	The end of the day is spoken of in terms of its light becoming dark. Alternate translation: “the day is ending” or “it is beginning to get dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
466	JER	6	4	su9l			0	are falling	Alternate translation: “are stretching out” or “are getting longer”
467	JER	6	5	jc1c			0	at night	Alternate translation: “during the night even though it is dark”
468	JER	6	5	qmf3	figs-explicit		0	her fortresses	People often spoke of cities as if they were women. Her the word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the strong buildings of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
469	JER	6	6	unq2			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh.
470	JER	6	6	crp6	figs-personification		0	Cut her trees	God says this to the army that will attack Jerusalem. The word “her” refers to Jerusalem; cities were often spoken of as if they were women. Alternate translation: “Cut down the trees outside of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
471	JER	6	6	v6t3			0	heap up siegeworks against Jerusalem	Siegeworks are either high mounds of dirt or high ramps made of wood that the enemies build outside the city wall in order go on top of the wall and attack the people inside the city.
472	JER	6	6	p62r	figs-metaphor		0	because it is filled with oppression	Here “it is filled with oppression” represents people there always oppressing people. Alternate translation: “because its people are always oppressing each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
473	JER	6	7	x25i	figs-simile		0	As a well pours out fresh water, so this city keeps producing wickedness	Here “this city keeps producing wickedness” represents people in the city continuing to do wicked things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
474	JER	6	7	q16a	figs-activepassive		0	Violence and disorder are heard within her	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I hear violence and disorder in her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
475	JER	6	7	ky66	figs-idiom		0	sickness and wounds are continually before my face	These things being “before” God’s face represents him seeing them. Alternate translation: “I constantly see sickness and wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
476	JER	6	8	ctm4	figs-metonymy		0	Accept discipline, Jerusalem … make you into a ruin, an uninhabited land	Here God speaks to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the city itself. Alternate translation: “Accept discipline, you people of Jerusalem … make your land into a ruin, an uninhabited land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
477	JER	6	8	nn5k	figs-metonymy		0	Accept discipline	“Accept discipline” here is a metaphor for learning from discipline. Alternate translation: “Learn from your discipline” or “When I punish you, learn to do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
478	JER	6	8	vvn8			0	an uninhabited land	Alternate translation: “a land that has no people living in it”
479	JER	6	9	sz1r	figs-metaphor		0	They will certainly glean those who are left in Israel like a vineyard	Yahweh speaks of the enemy attacking those who remain as if the enemy were to pick grapes that remain in a vineyard after others have harvested it. Alternate translation: “After destroying Israel, they will certainly come back to attack the people who are still alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
480	JER	6	9	e5tr			0	They will certainly	The word “They” refers to the enemy that Yahweh sends to destroy Israel.
481	JER	6	9	kl5d	figs-metaphor		0	Reach out again with your hand to pick grapes from the vines	Yahweh commands the enemy to attack those who remain in Israel as if the enemy were pick to grapes that remain in a vineyard after others have harvested it. Alternate translation: “Come back and attack the people of Israel who remain” or “Like people who reach out again to pick grapes from vines that they have already harvested, come back and attack the people who remain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
482	JER	6	10	g9ic	figs-rquestion		0	To whom should I declare and warn so they will listen	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that none of the people of Israel would listen to him even after they survived the attack of their enemies. Alternate translation: “There is no one left for me to speak to and warn who might listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
483	JER	6	10	uv57			0	Look	Alternate translation: “You can see it yourself”
484	JER	6	10	p8ap	figs-metaphor		0	Their ears are uncircumcised	This represents their stubborn unwillingness to listen to God. Alternate translation: “Their ears are closed” or “They refuse to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
485	JER	6	10	n19z			0	Their ears	The word “Their” refer to the people of Israel.
486	JER	6	10	yw68	figs-idiom		0	The word of Yahweh has come to them	This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to them. He did this through his prophets. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has sent messages to them” or “Yahweh has spoken to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
487	JER	6	10	p8sc			0	they do not want it	Alternate translation: “they do not want to listen to the word of Yahweh”
488	JER	6	11	dqg7	figs-idiom		0	But I am filled with Yahweh’s fury	Jeremiah is speaking. He feels the same anger that Yahweh feels, and he speaks of being extremely angry as if he were filled with anger. Alternate translation: “I am completely angry as Yahweh is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
489	JER	6	11	bdn3	figs-metaphor		0	I am tired of holding it in	Jeremiah speaks of not showing Yahweh’s anger as if he were holding the anger inside himself. Alternate translation: “I am tired from not expressing this anger” or “I am tired of not doing anything about this anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
490	JER	6	11	mm2e	figs-metaphor		0	Pour it out on the children in the streets and on the groups of young men	God speaks of punishing the people of Israel as if his anger were a liquid that he wanted Jeremiah to pour out on them. Alternate translation: “In anger punish the children in the streets and the groups of young men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
491	JER	6	11	xce7	figs-activepassive		0	For every man will be taken away with his wife	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Because enemies will capture every man with his wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
492	JER	6	11	p4cb	figs-ellipsis		0	every old person heavy with years	The words “will be taken” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “every old person heavy with years will be taken” or “they will take every old person heavy with years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
493	JER	6	11	ug45	figs-idiom		0	every old person heavy with years	The phrase “heavy with years” is an idiom that means “very old.” It reinforces the phrase “old person.” Alternate translation: “every very old person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
494	JER	6	12	c4qb	figs-activepassive		0	Their houses will be turned over to others	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Their houses will become the possession of other people” or “There people will take their houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
495	JER	6	12	m3qu	figs-ellipsis		0	both their fields and their wives together	The phrase “will be turned over to others” is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “and their fields and their women will also be turned over to others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
496	JER	6	12	efu6	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
497	JER	6	13	eyw7	figs-merism		0	that from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy	The phrase “from the least to the greatest” shows that all the people of Israel are included in the phrase “all of them,” regardless of how important they are. Alternate translation: “all of them, including the least powerful, the most powerful, and every one else, are greedy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
498	JER	6	13	vs6m	figs-nominaladj		0	the least	This refers to the least powerful and least important people. Alternate translation: “the least powerful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
499	JER	6	13	gwi1	figs-nominaladj		0	the greatest	This refers to the most powerful and most important people. Alternate translation: “the greatest people” or “the most powerful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
500	JER	6	13	vdj4			0	all of them	Alternate translation: “all of the people of Israel”
501	JER	6	13	qw1u	figs-abstractnouns		0	are greedy for dishonest gain	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **gain**, you could express the same idea with the phrases “get more money” or “get more things.” Alternate translation: “want to get more money by lying to people” or “strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
502	JER	6	13	b8dn			0	all of them practice deceit	Alternate translation: “all of them deceive people” or “all of them are liars”
503	JER	6	14	it97	figs-metaphor		0	They have healed the wounds of my people lightly	This could mean: (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They acts as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
504	JER	6	14	kz57	figs-metaphor		0	They have healed the wounds … lightly	Here “lightly” represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
505	JER	6	14	lqp6			0	‘Peace, Peace,’ when there is no peace	Alternate translation: “‘All is well, All is well,’ but it is not well”
506	JER	6	15	l12m	figs-rquestion		0	Were they ashamed when they practiced abominations?	God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. Alternate translation: “They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
507	JER	6	15	vc8r			0	they did not know how to blush	When a person is ashamed, his face normally turns red. Alternate translation: “their faces did not even turn red”
508	JER	6	15	c3ai	figs-metaphor		0	they will fall among the fallen	Here “fall” represents being killed. Alternate translation: “they will be killed along with the others who are killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
509	JER	6	15	qg6n	figs-metaphor		0	they will be brought down when they are punished	Here “will be brought down” represents being destroyed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them when I punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
510	JER	6	16	s27z	figs-explicit		0	Yahweh says this	It can be stated clearly who Yahweh says this to. Alternate translation: “Yahweh says this to the people of Israel” or “Yahweh says this to his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
511	JER	6	16	s5rz	figs-metaphor		0	Stand at the road crossing … We will not go	The roads and pathways refer to ways that people live their lives. Yahweh wants the people of Israel to ask what is the good way to live their lives and for them to live that way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
512	JER	6	16	ez9b			0	the road crossing	This refers to the place where two roads meet.
513	JER	6	16	s5kk	figs-metaphor		0	ask for the ancient pathways	The ancient pathways represent their ancestors’s behavior, how their ancestors lived long ago. Alternate translation: “ask about the pathways that your ancestors walked on” or “ask about how your ancestors behaved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
514	JER	6	16	h56h	figs-metaphor		0	Where is this good way	This could mean: (1) “this good way” represents the good way to live. Alternate translation: “What is the good way to live” or (2) “this good way” represents the way to live that results in blessings. Alternate translation: “Where is the way to what is good” or “What is the way to live that results in blessing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
515	JER	6	16	a4xf	figs-metaphor		0	Then go on it	“Then walk on that path.” Going on that path represents living that way. Alternate translation: “Then live that way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
516	JER	6	16	s29n	figs-metaphor		0	We will not go	This represents not living that way. Alternate translation: “We will not live that way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
517	JER	6	17	zs9d	figs-metaphor		0	I appointed for you watchmen to listen for the trumpet	Yahweh speaks of his prophets as if they were watchmen who were sent to warn the people of danger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
518	JER	6	17	jp7i			0	appointed for you	The word “you” refers to the people of Israel.
519	JER	6	17	a3n7			0	to listen for the trumpet	“to listen to the sound of the trumpet.” Yahweh speaks of his warning messages to his prophets as if the messages were a trumpet being blown to warn people about the danger that would come. The prophets were to listen to the warning and tell the people about it.
520	JER	6	18	upm1	figs-metonymy		0	Therefore, nations, listen! See, you witnesses, what will happen to them.	These two sentences are telling the people of other nations to witness what Yahweh will do to the rebellious people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Therefore, you people of other nations, listen! You witnesses, see what will happen to my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
521	JER	6	18	k97t			0	Therefore, nations, listen!	Alternate translation: “Therefore, nations, listen to what I am about to say!”
522	JER	6	18	cge9			0	you witnesses	Alternate translation: “you who are witnesses”
523	JER	6	18	zw4l			0	will happen to them	The word “them” refers to the people of Israel.
524	JER	6	19	jt8u	figs-apostrophe		0	Hear, earth	Jeremiah is speaking to the people of nations far away from him as if they could hear him. He is speaking as if to the earth itself. Alternate translation: “Listen, everyone who lives on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
525	JER	6	19	yn3n			0	I am about to bring disaster to this people	Alternate translation: “soon I will punish these people severely”
526	JER	6	19	dce8	figs-metaphor		0	the fruit of their thoughts	Here the word “fruit” represents results or consequences. Alternate translation: “the consequences of their thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
527	JER	6	19	du18	figs-explicit		0	They paid no attention to my word or law, but they instead rejected it	Here “paid no attention to my word” refers to not listening to what God said, and “rejected it” refers to refusing to obey God’s law. Alternate translation: “They did not listen to what I said. Instead they disobeyed my law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
528	JER	6	20	p9c4	figs-rquestion		0	What does this frankincense going up from Sheba mean to me? Or these sweet smells from a distant land?	God uses these questions to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “Frankincense from Sheba and sweet smelling cane from a distant land mean nothing to me.” or “I do not want your burnt offerings of frankincense from Sheba or sweet smelling cane from a distant land.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
529	JER	6	20	lzv5			0	these sweet smells	People would burn sweet smelling cane as an offering to God.
530	JER	6	20	x7y3			0	are not acceptable to me	Alternate translation: “do not please me” or “do not make me happy”
531	JER	6	21	nwr1			0	See, I	Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I”
532	JER	6	21	d486	figs-metaphor		0	I am about to place a stumbling block against this people	“I am about to put obstacles in front of this people.” Yahweh speaks of the troubles that he will make happen to the people of Israel as if they were a blocks that people stumble over. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
533	JER	6	21	wc6y	figs-ellipsis		0	fathers and sons together	The phrase “will stumble” is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “fathers and sons will both stumble” or “fathers and sons will both be hurt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
534	JER	6	21	eq4s			0	Inhabitants and their neighbors	Alternate translation: “Neighbors and their friends”
535	JER	6	22	yxt3	figs-explicit		0	a people is coming	Their purpose can be made clear. Alternate translation: “a people is coming to attack you” or “an army is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
536	JER	6	22	a582	figs-synecdoche		0	a great nation	Here “nation” represents the army of the nation. Alternate translation: “the army of a great nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
537	JER	6	22	xr58	figs-metaphor		0	is being stirred up from the farthest parts of the earth	Being “stirred up” represents preparing to do something. Alternate translation: “is being prepared to come from a distant land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
538	JER	6	23	m4uq			0	They will pick up bows and spears	Alternate translation: “The soldiers will carry bows and spears”
539	JER	6	23	bam3	figs-simile		0	Their sound is like the sea roar	The loud noise that the soldiers make is compared to the loud noise of the ocean. Alternate translation: “The sound that they make is very loud, like the sound of the ocean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
540	JER	6	23	xl54	figs-explicit		0	they are riding on horses, set out in order as men for battle	The phrase “set out in order” means that they have organized themselves and are riding in rows. The phrase “as men for battle” indicates that they are ready to fight. Alternate translation: “they are riding on horses in their assigned rows, and they are ready to fight against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
541	JER	6	24	fbb5			0	We have heard	The word “We” probably refers to Jeremiah and the people of Judah.
542	JER	6	24	l8gs			0	our hands fall limp in distress	Alternate translation: “our hands are weak because we are anxious”
543	JER	6	24	d28c	figs-metaphor		0	Anguish seizes us	Feeling great anguish is spoken of as if the anguish grabs them. Alternate translation: “We feel terrible anguish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
544	JER	6	24	b25e	figs-simile		0	as a woman giving birth	The anguish that they feel because the enemy coming to attack them is compared to the anguish that a woman feels when she is about to give birth to a baby. Alternate translation: “like a woman who is about to give birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
545	JER	6	25	k3f1			0	General Information:	Jeremiah speaks to the people of Jerusalem. Some versions interpret this as Yahweh speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
546	JER	6	25	n3uk	figs-metonymy		0	for the swords of the enemy and terror are all around	The phrase “swords of the enemy” represents the enemy with their swords ready to attack. Here, **terror** refers to things that cause people to be frightened. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “For the enemy is everywhere with their swords and everyone else is terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
547	JER	6	26	ti8u	figs-metaphor		0	Daughter of my people	Jeremiah shows Yahweh’s love for his people by speaking to them as a daughter. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate translation: “My people, you who are like a daughter to me” or “My dear people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
548	JER	6	26	bkm8	translate-symaction		0	put on sackcloth and roll in ashes	People do these things to show that they are extremely sad. Alternate translation: “Show how sad you are by wearing sackcloth and rolling in ashes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
549	JER	6	26	u1nu	figs-simile		0	mourn with painful sobs as for an only son	Jeremiah compares the people’s great sadness to the sadness that a mother feels if her only son dies. Alternate translation: “mourn with painful sobs as you would if your only son died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
550	JER	6	26	as8r			0	for the destroyer will suddenly come upon us	Alternate translation: “because the enemy army will suddenly come to attack us”
551	JER	6	27	nfn2	figs-metaphor		0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking to Jeremiah. God speaks of the people of Israel being very sinful as if they were silver that was full of impurities. God speaks of punishing Israel to make them stop sinning as if he were boiling silver and lead in a hot fire in order to remove the impurities from the silver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
552	JER	6	27	i71y	figs-simile		0	one who tests my people like one would test metal	Yahweh compares Jeremiah testing his people to a person who tests metal to see how good it is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
553	JER	6	27	uh6e			0	their ways	Alternate translation: “their behavior” or “how they live”
554	JER	6	28	lmk7			0	who go about slandering others	Alternate translation: “and constantly slander other people”
555	JER	6	28	qg4z	figs-metaphor		0	All of them are bronze and iron	Bronze and iron are hard metals. Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they were hard like bronze and iron. Alternate translation: “All of them are hard like bronze and iron” or “All of them are stubborn, as hard as bronze and iron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
556	JER	6	29	zb2n	figs-explicit		0	The bellows are scorched by the fire that is burning them; the lead is consumed in the flames	God speaks of punishing his people as if they were silver and he was boiling the silver in a very hot fire. These phrases emphasize that the one boiling the metal was working very hard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
557	JER	6	29	zf3z	figs-metaphor		0	The bellows are scorched by the fire that is burning them	The fire is so hot that it burns the bellows. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This very hot fire represents God’s judgment. Alternate translation: “The fire is so hot that it scorches the bellows” or “The punishment is so severe that it is like a fire that even burns the bellows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
558	JER	6	29	r6p8	translate-unknown		0	The bellows are scorched	Bellows are a tool used to blow large amounts of air into a burning fire to make the fire hotter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
559	JER	6	29	a9dw	figs-explicit		0	the lead is consumed in the flames	The silver has so many impurities in it that the lead is used up before it can remove them all. This represents the people of Israel being so full of sin, that they continue to sin even after God punishes them. Alternate translation: “the silver is so full of impurities, that the lead that is used to remove them is used up” or “they are like silver that is so full of impurities that the lead cannot remove them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
560	JER	6	29	fd3z	figs-activepassive		0	The refining continues among them	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will continue to refine them” or “You will continue to try to purify them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
561	JER	6	29	ujx6	figs-activepassive		0	because the evil is not removed	God speaks of Israel continuing to be evil as if they were silver and the impurities remained in the silver. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because the evil remains” or “the impurities remain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
562	JER	6	30	q4md	figs-activepassive		0	They will be called rejected silver, for	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will say about the people of Israel, ‘They are rejected silver,’ for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
563	JER	7	intro	i2dl			0		# Jeremiah 7 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 7:29-34, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Justice in society<br>Jeremiah commanded the people of Jerusalem to live justly. Without justice, they did not truly have faith in Yahweh. Without this faith in Yahweh, the temple and its rituals were useless. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Do not pray for this people”<br>Yahweh wanted the people to repent. This statement, and the others that follow, may be taken in another way. They are intended to show that it is too late for the people, and their punishment will come regardless of their response. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
564	JER	7	1	y68e	figs-idiom		0	The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said,” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
565	JER	7	2	bj92			0	all you of Judah	Alternate translation: “all you people of Judah”
566	JER	7	3	vlv3			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
567	JER	7	3	f884			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
568	JER	7	3	c23a			0	Make your ways and practices good, and I will let you continue	Alternate translation: “If you improve your ways and your practices, then I will let you continue”
569	JER	7	3	s5g6			0	in this place	This means in the land of Judah, not in the temple.
570	JER	7	4	e2w3	figs-rpronouns		0	Do not entrust yourself to deceitful words and say	The reflexive pronoun “yourself” emphasizes the personal risk to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “Do not trust in deceitful words to protect you, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
571	JER	7	4	ru5l	figs-explicit		0	Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh!	It is implied that, since the temple belongs to Yahweh and represents his presence, he will protect it and the people of Judah will be safe. Possible meanings for why **Temple of Yahweh** is repeated three times are (1) it was repeated for emphasis or (2) it was repeated as part of a temple liturgy. Alternate translation: “This is the temple of Yahweh so it is absolutely certain that no one will destroy it and we are safe.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
572	JER	7	5	yex8			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
573	JER	7	5	b71h			0	make your ways and practices good	“improve your ways and practices.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:3](../07/03.md).
574	JER	7	5	s949	figs-abstractnouns		0	completely execute justice	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “judge rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
575	JER	7	6	f96n			0	do not exploit the one	Alternate translation: “treat fairly the foreigner”
576	JER	7	6	klb1			0	orphan	child whose parents have died
577	JER	7	6	ivv5	figs-metonymy		0	pour out innocent blood	Here pouring out innocent blood represents killing those not deserving death. Alternate translation: “kill innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
578	JER	7	6	q1kh	figs-metonymy		0	walk after other gods	Here walking after is a metonym for following after with the intent to serve and obey. Alternate translation: “serve other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
579	JER	7	6	q3q6			0	in this place	Here “this place” refers to the land of Judah.
580	JER	7	7	p965			0	will let you stay	Alternate translation: “will let you continue to live”
581	JER	7	7	n3ke			0	from ancient times and forever	“from ancient times and continually.” This means Yahweh gave the land to the people of Judah to be their permanent possession.
582	JER	7	8	d4gt			0	General Information:	The word “you” in these verses refers to the people of Judah.
583	JER	7	8	znm8			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
584	JER	7	8	s1dh			0	Behold!	The word “Behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the information that follows.
585	JER	7	9	bi95	figs-rquestion		0	Do you steal, kill, and commit adultery? Do you swear … and walk after other gods whom you have not known?	These questions expect a positive answer to make the point that God knows the sins they are committing. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You steal, kill, and commit adultery. You swear … and walk after other gods whom you have not known.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
586	JER	7	9	ikv4			0	swear deceitfully	Alternate translation: “lie even in your oaths”
587	JER	7	9	ps9p	figs-metonymy		0	walk after other gods	Here walking after is a metonym for following after with the intent to serve and obey. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:6](../07/06.md). Alternate translation: “serve other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
588	JER	7	10	w19j	figs-rquestion		0	Then do you come and stand … so you can do all of these abominations?	This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows the hypocrisy of their words and actions. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Then you come and stand … so you can do all of these abominations.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
589	JER	7	10	ras4	figs-metonymy		0	house that is called by my name	This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “house that belongs to me” or “temple where you worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
590	JER	7	11	pb4b	figs-rquestion		0	Is this house, which carries my name, a den of bandits in your eyes?	This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows what they think about Yahweh’s temple. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “This house, which carries my name, is a den of bandits in your eyes!” or “You act as though you think this house, which is called by my name, should be a place where bandits can go to hide!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
591	JER	7	11	kj59	figs-idiom		0	this house, which carries my name	Yahweh’s temple is spoken of as if it was carrying the name of Yahweh. This has a similar meaning to “this house that is called by my name” in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
592	JER	7	11	e4vn			0	bandits	violent people who steal and destroy
593	JER	7	11	tj9h			0	But behold, I have seen it	Alternate translation: “But I certainly have seen what you are doing”
594	JER	7	11	ume9	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
595	JER	7	12	j5kh			0	General Information:	The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
596	JER	7	12	n4ba			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
597	JER	7	12	c6l5	figs-idiom		0	my place that was in Shiloh, where I allowed my name to stay there in the beginning	Here “where I allowed my name to stay” is an idiom that means this was a place where Yahweh was worshiped. Alternate translation: “the place in Shiloh where I first allowed my people to worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
598	JER	7	13	m7ib	figs-hendiadys		0	time and time again	This hendiadys is also an idiom that means something is done many times. Alternate translation: “repeatedly” or “persistently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
599	JER	7	14	g8pq	figs-metonymy		0	this house that is called by my name	This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:10](../07/10.md). Alternate translation: “this house that belongs to me” or “this temple where you worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
600	JER	7	16	b1uq			0	General Information:	Yahweh speaks to Jeremiah about the people of Judah. In these verses, “this people” refers to the people of Judah.
601	JER	7	16	h32v	figs-parallelism		0	do not pray for this people, and do not lift up a lamenting wail or say a prayer on their behalf, and do not petition me	These four clauses each mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
602	JER	7	16	mpn3			0	lift up a lamenting wail	Alternate translation: “cry out with sadness”
603	JER	7	16	ym42			0	on their behalf	Alternate translation: “for their benefit” or “for them”
604	JER	7	16	d2un			0	petition me	Alternate translation: “plead with me”
605	JER	7	17	qn8a	figs-rquestion		0	Do you not see what they are doing in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem?	This question expects a positive answer and is asked to bring these things to Jeremiah’s attention. They can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at what they are doing in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
606	JER	7	18	u9lk			0	kindling the fire	Alternate translation: “starting the fire”
607	JER	7	18	jc1l			0	kneading dough	mixing dough by hand
608	JER	7	18	t6z1			0	dough	a thick mixture of flour and liquid used for baking
609	JER	7	18	u6gq	figs-explicit		0	the queen of the heavens	This was the name of a false god. Alternate translation: “the false god known as ‘the queen of the heavens’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
610	JER	7	18	sq9a			0	will provoke me	Alternate translation: “will anger me”
611	JER	7	19	ia89			0	General Information:	In these verses, “they” and “themselves” refer to the people of Judah.
612	JER	7	19	t7ze			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to speak to Jeremiah about the people of Judah.
613	JER	7	19	ta4u	figs-rquestion		0	is it not themselves whom they are provoking, so that shame is on them?	This question expects a positive answer. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are provoking themselves, so that shame is on them!” or “they are troubling and bringing shame on themselves!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
614	JER	7	19	jj5b	figs-abstractnouns		0	shame is on them	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **shame**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “shamed.” Alternate translation: “they are shamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
615	JER	7	20	ccj2			0	See	This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
616	JER	7	20	ta7u	figs-idiom		0	my anger and wrath will gush out onto this place	Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were something that could be poured out. Alternate translation: “I will punish this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
617	JER	7	20	xv82	figs-doublet		0	anger and wrath	These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of Yahweh’s anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
618	JER	7	20	v5eu			0	gush out	Alternate translation: “pour out”
619	JER	7	20	mf3h	figs-idiom		0	It will burn and never be extinguished	Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a fire that could not be put out. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to stop my anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
620	JER	7	20	wz4y			0	never be extinguished	Alternate translation: “never stop burning”
621	JER	7	21	bjt8			0	General Information:	In these verses, “you” and “your” refer to the people of Judah.
622	JER	7	21	i6xb			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
623	JER	7	21	hg9i			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
624	JER	7	21	p7ch	figs-irony		0	Add your burnt offerings to your sacrifices and the meat from them	This is an ironic statement emphasizing that none of their sacrifices were acceptable to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Go ahead and eat the burnt offerings along with your sacrifices and meat from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
625	JER	7	23	zn4g	figs-metonymy		0	Listen to my voice	Here listening to Yahweh’s voice means to both hear his words and obey what he says. Alternate translation: “Hear and obey what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
626	JER	7	23	ug56	figs-metaphor		0	walk in all the ways that I am commanding you	Yahweh speaks of obeying his commands as if one were walking in them, like person would walk along a road. Alternate translation: “do everything that I am commanding you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
627	JER	7	24	gts3			0	General Information:	The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the people of Judah. “They” refers to the ancestors of the people of Judah.
628	JER	7	24	u79z			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
629	JER	7	24	mmx8	figs-doublet		0	they did not listen or pay attention	These phrases mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
630	JER	7	24	hex1			0	by their own stubborn plans of their wicked hearts	Alternate translation: “according to their own plans because they were wicked and stubborn”
631	JER	7	24	pn8b	figs-metaphor		0	they went backwards, not forward	This is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) they refused to pay attention to Yahweh, instead of eagerly obeying him. Alternate translation: “they went away from me instead of drawing closer to me” or (2) they got worse and worse instead of improving. Alternate translation: “they got worse instead of better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
632	JER	7	25	g7qg	figs-hyperbole		0	Ever since the day when your ancestors went out from the land of Egypt until this day	This is a generalization that means over this entire period of time, not every day during this period of time. Alternate translation: “From the time your ancestors went out from the land of Egypt until now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
633	JER	7	25	wl88			0	I persisted in sending them	Alternate translation: “I sent them again and again” or “I repeatedly sent them”
634	JER	7	26	x6ns	figs-idiom		0	they hardened their necks	This is an idiom that means they were stubborn. Alternate translation: “they became stubborn” or “they resisted me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
635	JER	7	26	hje2			0	They were more wicked	Alternate translation: “Each generation was more wicked”
636	JER	7	27	rs3g			0	General Information:	The words “them” and “they” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
637	JER	7	27	m2j2			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
638	JER	7	27	nc7q	figs-parallelism		0	So proclaim all these words to them, but they will not listen to you. Proclaim these things to them, but they will not answer you.	These two sentences say the same thing, The second emphasizes the message of the first. Alternate translation: “Tell them my message, but they will not listen to you or answer you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
639	JER	7	28	y4p4	figs-metonymy		0	the voice of Yahweh its God	Here “the voice of Yahweh” represents what Yahweh has said. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:25](../03/25.md). Alternate translation: “what Yahweh its God has said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
640	JER	7	28	di1t	figs-activepassive		0	Truth is destroyed and cut off from their mouths	Yahweh speaks of truth as if it was something the people could destroy and stop saying. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people destroy truth and cut it off from their mouths” or “The people tell only lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
641	JER	7	28	zj54	figs-abstractnouns		0	Truth is destroyed	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truth**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “truthful.” Alternate translation: “What is truthful is destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
642	JER	7	29	d5yd			0	General Information:	The word “your” in these verses refers to the people of Judah.
643	JER	7	29	y4ae			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
644	JER	7	29	rrp6	translate-symaction		0	Cut off your hair and shave yourself, and throw away your hair	This would be done as a sign of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
645	JER	7	29	p56k	figs-doublet		0	rejected and abandoned	These two words have similar meanings and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
646	JER	7	30	hxu1	figs-metonymy		0	sons of Judah	This refers to the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
647	JER	7	30	aui5	figs-metonymy		0	their detestable things	Here “detestable things” refers to idols, which God hates. Alternate translation: “their disgusting idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
648	JER	7	30	szk4	figs-metonymy		0	house that is called by my name	This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:10](../07/10.md). Alternate translation: “house that belongs to me” or “temple where they worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
649	JER	7	31	bpk3			0	General Information:	The words “they” and “their” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
650	JER	7	31	ud4q			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to describe the evil things that the people of Judah had done.
651	JER	7	31	v64i	translate-names		0	the high place of Topheth	This is the name of a place where the people of Israel sacrificed their children to a false god by burning them with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
652	JER	7	31	ikn7	translate-names		0	the Valley of Ben Hinnom	This is the name of a valley south of the city of Jerusalem, where people sacrificed to false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
653	JER	7	31	iq5w	figs-metonymy		0	nor did it enter my mind	Here the word “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “nor did I ever think about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
654	JER	7	32	dgv5			0	So see	The word “see” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed”
655	JER	7	32	pkn1	figs-metaphor		0	days are coming … when it	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” Alternate translation: “in the future … it” or “there will be a time … when it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
656	JER	7	32	t424	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
657	JER	7	32	ums9	figs-activepassive		0	it will no longer be called	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will no longer call it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
658	JER	7	32	zbr4			0	they will bury bodies	Alternate translation: “they will bury dead people”
659	JER	7	32	tue8			0	no room left	Alternate translation: “no place remaining”
660	JER	7	33	xa8f			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah.
661	JER	7	33	mb9t			0	The corpses	Alternate translation: “The dead bodies”
662	JER	7	33	sc5b			0	this people	Alternate translation: “the people of Judah”
663	JER	7	33	h5ey			0	the birds of the skies	See how you translated “the birds of the heavens” in [Jeremiah 4:25](../04/25.md).
664	JER	7	33	jv9c			0	the beasts of the earth	Alternate translation: “the wild animals of the land”
665	JER	7	33	tf93			0	to frighten them away	Alternate translation: “to scare them away”
666	JER	7	34	cm8g			0	I will put an end to	Alternate translation: “I will remove from”
667	JER	7	34	w3gl	figs-doublet		0	the sound of joy and the sound of gladness	These two phrases mean almost the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. The abstract nouns “joy” and “gladness” can be translated using the verb “rejoicing” and the adjective “glad.” Alternate translation: “the sounds of people rejoicing and being glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
668	JER	7	34	mbc1	figs-metonymy		0	the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride	This is a metonym for what happens at marriage ceremonies. Alternate translation: “and people celebrating marriage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
669	JER	7	34	t5xh	figs-abstractnouns		0	will become a desolation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “desolate.” Alternate translation: “will become desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
670	JER	8	intro	b29a			0		# Jeremiah 8 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:5-22.<br><br>The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 8:5-9:12. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Hyperbole<br>The author frequently uses hyperbole in this chapter to describe the complete destruction of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
671	JER	8	1	w8bg			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah.
672	JER	8	1	x5ig			0	they will bring	This word “they” here refers to the enemies of the people of Judah.
673	JER	8	1	c3wu			0	its officials	Alternate translation: “its princes” or “its rulers”
674	JER	8	2	p4kx			0	will spread them out	The word “them” refers to the bones of the people listed in the previous verse.
675	JER	8	2	i7h2	figs-parallelism		0	that they have followed and served, that they have walked after and sought, and that they have worshiped	The word “they” here refers to the people of Judah. These three phrases mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
676	JER	8	2	gvn4	figs-metaphor		0	walked after	This is a metaphor for serving or worshiping. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:23](../02/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
677	JER	8	2	mxy9	figs-activepassive		0	The bones will not be gathered or buried again	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “No one will gather their bones or bury them again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
678	JER	8	2	j8lx	figs-simile		0	They will be like dung on the surface of the earth	The bones are compared to dung on the ground both to emphasize that they will be disgusting and because they will not be buried. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
679	JER	8	2	vr8n			0	on the surface of the earth	Alternate translation: “all over the ground”
680	JER	8	3	w45m			0	where I have driven them	The word “them” refers to the people of Judah.
681	JER	8	3	vl6x	figs-123person		0	this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
682	JER	8	4	xxz7			0	General Information:	The words “them” and “they” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
683	JER	8	4	tke2			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah.
684	JER	8	4	rz6z			0	So say to them	Yahweh is telling Jeremiah what to say to the people of Judah.
685	JER	8	4	v36i	figs-rquestion		0	Does anyone fall and not get up? Does anyone get lost and not try to return?	These questions make the point that the way that the people of Judah were acting did not make sense. They can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that when someone falls, he gets back up, and when someone gets lost, he tries to find his way back.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
686	JER	8	5	zes9	figs-rquestion		0	Why has this people, Jerusalem, turned away in permanent faithlessness?	Yahweh is saying that the way the people of Judah are acting does not make sense. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It does not make sense that this people, Jerusalem, has turned away in permanent faithlessness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
687	JER	8	5	vgq1	figs-synecdoche		0	Jerusalem	The word “Jerusalem” here is a synecdoche for all the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
688	JER	8	5	h7hw	figs-metaphor		0	hold on to treachery	What the people of Judah were doing is spoken of as if they were clinging to treachery and would not let it go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
689	JER	8	5	n5b8	figs-abstractnouns		0	They hold on to treachery	Here, **treachery** is spoken of as if it were a physical object that a person could hold on to. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **treachery**, you could express the same idea with the verb “deceive.” Holding on to something is a metaphor for loving. Alternate translation: “They refuse to turn away from what deceives them” or “They love the people who deceive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
690	JER	8	6	y22u			0	General Information:	The words “they” and “them” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
691	JER	8	6	v92n			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
692	JER	8	6	w5p2	figs-doublet		0	paid attention and listened	These two things mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
693	JER	8	6	sg8t			0	did not speak right	Alternate translation: “did not say what is right”
694	JER	8	6	i9mx	figs-abstractnouns		0	for his wickedness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “wicked.” Alternate translation: “for being wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
695	JER	8	6	yw8x	figs-explicit		0	What have I done?	The implied information is that this is a question that the people of Judah should have been asking. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done a terrible thing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
696	JER	8	6	g12y			0	go where they wish	Alternate translation: “go their own way”
697	JER	8	6	r6ux	figs-simile		0	like a stallion rushing toward battle	The eagerness of the people to follow their own evil way is compared to the eagerness of a war horse running toward a battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
698	JER	8	6	j57y			0	stallion	adult male horse
699	JER	8	7	j78m	figs-explicit		0	Even the stork in heaven knows the right times; and the doves, swifts, and cranes	The implied information is that these types of birds know the right times to migrate, which means to fly from one place to another at different times of the year for feeding or breeding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
700	JER	8	7	lsk2	translate-unknown		0	stork … doves, swifts, and cranes	All of these are different types of birds that migrate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
701	JER	8	7	i7xx	figs-explicit		0	They go on their migrations at the right time, but my people do not know Yahweh’s decrees	The implied information is that the people should have naturally known Yahweh’s decrees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
702	JER	8	7	g1he	figs-abstractnouns		0	They go on their migrations	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **migrations**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “migrate.” Alternate translation: “They migrate” or “They fly from one region to another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
703	JER	8	8	qa8a			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
704	JER	8	8	n65d	figs-rquestion		0	How can you say, “We are wise, for the law of Yahweh is with us”?	Yahweh asks this question to make the people of Judah think about what they were saying. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You think that you are wise because you have the law of Yahweh with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
705	JER	8	8	g95l			0	How can you say	The “you” here refers to the people of Judah.
706	JER	8	8	d131			0	Indeed, see!	These words tell the hearer to pay close attention to what follows.
707	JER	8	8	qeg1	figs-metonymy		0	The deceitful pen of the scribes	The pen represents the words that the scribes write. Alternate translation: “The false things that the scribes write” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
708	JER	8	8	xs9e			0	has created deceit	Alternate translation: “has given you false ideas”
709	JER	8	9	g2b6	figs-irony		0	The wise men will be ashamed	This is irony because the wise men are normally honored for their wisdom. Alternate translation: “Those men who think they are wise will feel ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
710	JER	8	9	eb2b			0	dismayed	terrified or shattered
711	JER	8	9	kk1b			0	Behold!	Alternate translation: “Pay attention!”
712	JER	8	9	i9ya	figs-rquestion		0	so what use is their wisdom?	This question expects a negative answer and is intended to make the hearers think about how little what they consider wisdom is really worth when they reject Yahweh’s word. Alternate translation: “so what they think is wise does not do them any good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
713	JER	8	10	n8yx			0	because from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy for dishonest gain! From the prophet to the priest, all of them practice deceit	See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:13](../06/13.md).
714	JER	8	10	eq1m	figs-merism		0	because from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy	The phrase “from the least to the greatest” shows that all the people of Judah are included in the phrase “all of them,” regardless of how important they are. Alternate translation: “because all of them, including the least powerful, the most powerful, and everyone else, are greedy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
715	JER	8	10	by2f	figs-nominaladj		0	the least	This refers to the least powerful and least important people. Alternate translation: “the least powerful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
716	JER	8	10	m98v	figs-nominaladj		0	the greatest	This refers to the most powerful and most important people. Alternate translation: “the greatest people” or “the most powerful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
717	JER	8	10	ry2p			0	all of them	Alternate translation: “all of the people of Judah”
718	JER	8	10	c6bc	figs-abstractnouns		0	are greedy for dishonest gain	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **gain**, you could express the same idea with the phrases “get more money” or “get more things.” Alternate translation: “want to get more money by lying to people” or “strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
719	JER	8	10	me66			0	all of them practice deceit	Alternate translation: “all of them deceive people” or “all of them are liars”
720	JER	8	11	a894			0	General Information:	The words “they,” “their” and “them” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
721	JER	8	11	f7ex			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
722	JER	8	11	t6ta	figs-metaphor		0	They healed the wounds of my people lightly	This could mean: (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
723	JER	8	11	t1ge	figs-metaphor		0	They healed the wounds … lightly	Here “lightly” represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
724	JER	8	11	mjy3			0	“Peace, Peace,” when there was no peace	Alternate translation: “‘All is well, All is well,’ but it was not well”
725	JER	8	12	j556	figs-rquestion		0	Were they ashamed when they practiced abominations?	God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. Alternate translation: “They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
726	JER	8	12	a8qy			0	they did not know how to blush	“their faces did not even turn red.” When a person is ashamed, his face normally turns red.
727	JER	8	12	m1ix	figs-metaphor		0	they will fall among the fallen	Here “fall” represents being killed. Alternate translation: “they will be killed along with the others who are killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
728	JER	8	12	x1y2	figs-metaphor		0	they will be brought down when they are punished	Here “will be brought down” represents being destroyed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them when I punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
729	JER	8	13	b972	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
730	JER	8	13	yf5y			0	the leaf will wither	Alternate translation: “the leaf will dry up”
731	JER	8	13	qr8u			0	what I have given to them will pass away	The meaning of the original text is uncertain here.
732	JER	8	14	fx4e			0	General Information:	The words “we,” “us” and “our” refer to the people of Judah.
733	JER	8	14	nn25			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues his message by telling us what the people of Judah will say at the time of their punishment.
734	JER	8	14	r249	figs-rquestion		0	Why are we sitting here?	This question is asked to motivate action. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We should not stay here.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
735	JER	8	14	bl3v			0	Come together; let us go to the fortified cities	The “fortified cities” were cities with high walls and strong defenses. See how you translated the similar phrases in [Jeremiah 4:5](../04/05.md).
736	JER	8	14	vsn4	figs-metaphor		0	we will become silent there in death	Here “become silent” means to die. Alternate translation: “let us die there” or “let us wait for our enemies to kill us there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
737	JER	8	14	pv27	figs-metaphor		0	For Yahweh our God will silence us	Here “silence” is a metaphor for condemning to death. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh our God has condemned us to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
738	JER	8	14	tg23	figs-idiom		0	He will make us drink poison	This is an idiom for Yahweh’s judgment on his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
739	JER	8	15	cpw9			0	but there will be nothing good	Alternate translation: “but nothing good will happen”
740	JER	8	15	i77n			0	but see	Alternate translation: “but understand”
741	JER	8	16	fvu7			0	General Information:	The words “his” and “they” in these verses refer to the enemies of Judah.
742	JER	8	16	s1ew			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues his message about the punishment coming to Judah.
743	JER	8	16	ck4x	figs-activepassive		0	The snorting of his stallions is heard from Dan	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Dan hear the snorting of his stallions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
744	JER	8	16	qq3k			0	snorting	a loud sound that a horse makes with its nose
745	JER	8	16	x69l			0	stallions	adult male horses
746	JER	8	16	v3by	figs-hyperbole		0	The whole earth shakes	This is an exaggeration that is a metaphor for the people of Judah trembling with fear. Alternate translation: “All the people of the land shake with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
747	JER	8	16	hjp2			0	at the sound of the neighing of his strong horses	Alternate translation: “when they hear the sound of the enemy’s strong horses”
748	JER	8	16	x6ln			0	neighing	a sound that a horse makes
749	JER	8	16	a2w1	figs-idiom		0	they will come and consume	Here the word “consume” means to eat up. It is an idiom for how the enemies come and destroy the land and its inhabitants. Alternate translation: “they will come and destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
750	JER	8	17	ns7j			0	For see	Alternate translation: “Now pay attention”
751	JER	8	17	nvi3			0	vipers that you cannot charm	To charm means to sing or make music in order to control snakes.
752	JER	8	17	ma3y	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
753	JER	8	18	f7zw			0	General Information:	Jeremiah and Yahweh have a conversation about the people of Judah.
754	JER	8	18	hkg9			0	My sorrow has no end	The word “my” refers to Jeremiah. The original text is unclear and is interpreted here in different ways by modern versions.
755	JER	8	18	ia82	figs-hyperbole		0	has no end	These words are an exaggeration that express the great extent of Jeremiah’s sorrow. Alternate translation: “is very great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
756	JER	8	18	ah2i	figs-synecdoche		0	my heart is sick	Here “heart” represents Jeremiah, emphasizing his feelings and emotions. Alternate translation: “I feel sick deep down inside me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
757	JER	8	19	i7c2			0	Behold!	This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. “Pay attention!”
758	JER	8	19	i2u5	figs-metaphor		0	the daughter of my people	Jeremiah is speaking about the people of Judah in a way that shows his affection for them, as if for a daughter. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate translation: “my dear people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
759	JER	8	19	qg4d			0	from a land far away	This could mean: (1) From exile. Alternate translation: “from exile in a distant land” or (2) From throughout the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “throughout our land”
760	JER	8	19	r91i	figs-parallelism		0	Is Yahweh not in Zion? Is her king no longer there?	These two questions are similar in meaning. They imply that the people of Judah are wondering why Yahweh is not saving them. Alternate translation: “Why does Yahweh not save us if he is the king in Zion?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
761	JER	8	19	i1se	figs-rquestion		0	Why then do they provoke me to anger with their carved figures and their worthless foreign idols?	The word “me” refers to Yahweh. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “If they want me to save them, then they must not offend me with their carved figures.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
762	JER	8	20	i3bj			0	General Information:	The word “we” refers to the people of Judah. The words “I” and “my” refer to Jeremiah.
763	JER	8	20	f1z4			0	Connecting Statement:	Jeremiah continues talking about the people of Judah.
764	JER	8	20	ey1x			0	The harvest has passed on	Alternate translation: “Harvest time is over”
765	JER	8	20	d3mu	figs-activepassive		0	But we have not been saved	Jeremiah tells what the people of Judah are saying. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh has not saved us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
766	JER	8	21	epc5	figs-parallelism		0	I am hurt because of the hurt of the daughter of my people. I mourn at the horrible things that have happened to her; I am dismayed	These statements express the same idea in more than one way for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
767	JER	8	22	j9cz	figs-rquestion		0	Is there no medicine in Gilead? Is there no healer there? Why will the healing of the daughter of my people not happen?	These questions are asked to make the point that the people of Judah have not been saved. Alternate translation: “There is medicine in Gilead, and there are healers there, so tell me why the healing of my dear people will not happen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
768	JER	9	intro	muj3			0		# Jeremiah 9 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 9:1-12, 17-24.<br><br>The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 8:5-9:12. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Funeral<br>This chapter pictures Jerusalem as having a funeral with its typical songs. This is an image used to describe their destruction. It is a time of great sadness.<br><br>### Circumcision<br>Circumcision is used here in an unusual way. Since circumcision was intended to be a display of faith, the author uses the term to differentiate between those who have faith in Yahweh and those who don’t. This is a type of metaphor. Those who have a circumcised heart have faith in Yahweh while those with an uncircumcised heart do not have faith in Yahweh, regardless of whether they are physically circumcised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
769	JER	9	1	dw2v			0	General Information:	Yahweh and Jeremiah continue talking about the people of Judah.
770	JER	9	1	rjn7	figs-parallelism		0	If only my head could produce water, and my eyes be a fountain of tears	This is Jeremiah speaking. These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how much Jeremiah is weeping. Alternate translation: “I wish I could make more tears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
771	JER	9	1	f1ez	figs-merism		0	day and night	By mentioning both “day” and “night” this phrase means all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “continually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
772	JER	9	1	x4zd	figs-metaphor		0	the daughter of my people	Yahweh shows his love for his people by speaking of them as a daughter. Here Jeremiah uses this same phrase for the people that Yahweh uses. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate translation: “my people, who are like Yahweh’s daughter” or “my dear people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
773	JER	9	1	gx7s	figs-activepassive		0	who have been killed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom the enemy has killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
774	JER	9	2	m5fi			0	If only someone would give me	“I wish someone would give me.” This is still Jeremiah speaking.
775	JER	9	2	t6vy			0	a place for travelers in the wilderness to stay	This refers to a building for people traveling in the wilderness, where they can stop and sleep overnight.
776	JER	9	2	l2ci			0	abandon my people	Alternate translation: “leave my people”
777	JER	9	2	y2h4			0	a band of traitors	Alternate translation: “a group of people who betray other people”
778	JER	9	3	m7dg			0	Yahweh declares	See how you translated “this is Yahweh’s declaration” in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md).
779	JER	9	3	dkt1	figs-metaphor		0	They tread on their bows of lies with their tongues	Telling lies is spoken of as being done by the tongues of the wicked. Also, since a spoken lie cannot be taken back, telling lies is spoken of as if it were shooting arrows. Men who use bows must step on their bows in order to fasten the bowstrings, so liars are referred to here as if they were stringing their bows using their tongues. Alternate translation: “Their lies are like arrows that they shoot with the tongues” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
780	JER	9	3	q5qh	figs-irony		0	but it is not because of any faithfulness of theirs that they grow strong on the earth	“They do not grow strong on the earth because they are faithful to Yahweh, as they are wicked” and “This means that the people are not faithful to Yahweh, but rather are wicked and have gained their power through wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
781	JER	9	3	vc82	figs-metaphor		0	They go from one wicked act to another	Committing one evil action after another is spoken of as if the evildoers were going from one action to another. Alternate translation: “They keep doing evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
782	JER	9	4	i6ut			0	Each of you	The word “you” refers to the people of Judah.
783	JER	9	4	zbn4			0	be on guard against your neighbor and do not trust in any brother	Alternate translation: “be careful not to trust your fellow Israelites, and do not even trust your own brother”
784	JER	9	4	n2fi	figs-idiom		0	every neighbor walks in slander	Here “walking” is an idiom for living. Alternate translation: “every neighbor slanders one another” or “every neighbor is a slanderer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
785	JER	9	5	t4rw			0	Each man mocks his neighbor and does not speak the truth	Alternate translation: “All of the people mock each other, and they do not tell the truth”
786	JER	9	5	w9wa	figs-synecdoche		0	Their tongues teach deceitful things	Here people are represented by their “tongues” to emphasize their speech. Alternate translation: “They teach deceitful things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
787	JER	9	5	k167			0	They are exhausted from committing iniquity	Alternate translation: “They are tired from committing so much sin”
788	JER	9	6	kdu3	figs-metaphor		0	Your dwelling is in the midst of deception	Yahweh speaks of living among people who are liars as living in the middle of deception. Alternate translation: “Your dwelling is among the dwellings of liars” or “You dwell in the midst of liars” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
789	JER	9	6	ijp7			0	in their deceit	Alternate translation: “By telling all of these lies”
790	JER	9	6	ra6u	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
791	JER	9	7	l451	figs-idiom		0	See	Yahweh uses this word here to draw Jeremiah’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
792	JER	9	7	kq5h	figs-metaphor		0	to refine them	Yahweh speaks of testing the people and dealing with their evil ways, as if they were metal that he were melting in a crucible to remove its impurities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
793	JER	9	7	y5gl	figs-rquestion		0	for what else can I do, because of what my people have done?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to state that this is how he needs to deal with his people because of what they have done. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “for this is how I must deal with my people because of what they have done.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
794	JER	9	8	ak19	figs-metaphor		0	Their tongues are sharpened arrows	This speaks of people’s tongues as if they were sharpened arrows because of how the people hurt others by what they say. Here their speech is represented by their “tongues.” Alternate translation: “Their words are like sharpened arrows that hurt other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
795	JER	9	8	yi2b	figs-metonymy		0	With their mouths they proclaim peace with their neighbors	Here people’s speech is represented by their “mouths.” Alternate translation: “They speak, saying that they want peace with their neighbors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
796	JER	9	8	f4zw	figs-metaphor		0	but with their hearts they lie in wait for them	Here a people’s desires are represented by their “hearts.” This speaks of them wanting to hurt their neighbors as if they were an animal crouching and waiting to attack its prey. Alternate translation: “but what they really want is to destroy their neighbors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
797	JER	9	9	x1jx	figs-rquestion		0	Should I not punish them because of these things … should I not avenge myself on a nation that is like this?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will not have mercy and stop himself from punishing them. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 5:9](../05/09.md). Alternate translation: “Because they do these things, I will punish them … I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
798	JER	9	9	fm1d	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
799	JER	9	10	zfu4	figs-parallelism		0	I will sing a song of mourning … a funeral song will be sung for the meadows	Yahweh is mourning for the land of Israel as if it were a person who died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
800	JER	9	10	s5s7	figs-activepassive		0	a funeral song will be sung	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will sing a funeral song” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
801	JER	9	10	xf64			0	the meadows	Alternate translation: “the fields of grass that the livestock eats”
802	JER	9	10	x2nb	figs-activepassive		0	For they are burned	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Because someone has burned the meadows and pastures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
803	JER	9	10	dv5k			0	They will not hear the sound of any cattle	Alternate translation: “Nobody will hear the sound of cattle there”
804	JER	9	11	mp5y			0	a hideout for jackals	“a place for jackals to hide.” Jackals are fierce wild dogs.
805	JER	9	11	har1			0	places without inhabitants	Alternate translation: “places where no people live”
806	JER	9	12	lun7	figs-rquestion		0	What man is wise enough to understand this?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only a very wise person will understand the things he has said. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only people who are very wise can understand these things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
807	JER	9	12	dem8	figs-rquestion		0	To whom has the mouth of Yahweh spoken, and he will declare it?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only the people he has spoken to can declare these things. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only those who have been taught by Yahweh can explain these things to others.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
808	JER	9	12	r7i9	figs-synecdoche		0	the mouth of Yahweh	Here Yahweh’s speech is represented by his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
809	JER	9	12	ru4f	figs-rquestion		0	Why has the land perished and been destroyed … pass through?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only a wise person could explain why the land has been destroyed. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only a wise person could explain why the land has perished and been destroyed … pass through.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
810	JER	9	12	x8mt	figs-activepassive		0	has the land perished and been destroyed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Both “perished” and “been ruined” describe the land being ruined. Alternate translation: “is the land ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
811	JER	9	13	v98g			0	It is because	Alternate translation: “These things will happen because”
812	JER	9	13	dqx8	figs-metaphor		0	they have abandoned my law	Yahweh speaks of the people not obeying his law as if it were something that they had walked away from. Alternate translation: “they have rejected my law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
813	JER	9	13	maj3	figs-metonymy		0	they do not listen to my voice	Here Yahweh’s “voice” represents what he says. Alternate translation: “they do not pay attention to the things I tell them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
814	JER	9	13	cf6h	figs-idiom		0	or walk by it	Here “walk” is an idiom for “live.” Alternate translation: “or live the way I tell them to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
815	JER	9	14	d459	figs-metonymy		0	they have walked by their stubborn hearts	Here the people’s “stubborn hearts” represent their stubborn desires and stubborn will. Also, here “walked” represents living. Alternate translation: “they have been stubborn and lived the way they want to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
816	JER	9	14	upa5			0	have followed the Baals	Alternate translation: “have worshiped the Baals”
817	JER	9	15	bg34			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
818	JER	9	15	za9v	figs-idiom		0	See	Yahweh uses this word here to draw the people’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
819	JER	9	15	s4r8			0	wormwood	a plant that tastes bitter
820	JER	9	16	nyj4			0	Then I will scatter them among the nations	Alternate translation: “Then I will force them to leave here and live in many different countries”
821	JER	9	16	axn5	figs-ellipsis		0	neither they nor their ancestors	The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “that neither they nor their ancestors have known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
822	JER	9	16	w74v	figs-metonymy		0	I will send out a sword after them	Here the word “sword” refers to an enemy army. Alternate translation: “I will send an army of soldiers to fight against them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
823	JER	9	16	bq4y	figs-metonymy		0	I have completely destroyed them	This is a metonym for Yahweh causing the people’s enemies to destroy them. Alternate translation: “I have caused their enemies to completely destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
824	JER	9	17	lv4i			0	General Information:	Yahweh tells the people of Judah to mourn for the coming destruction of the land.
825	JER	9	17	ict2			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
826	JER	9	17	air9	figs-parallelism		0	Summon funeral singers; let them come … Send out for women skilled at lamenting; let them come	These two phrases have the same meaning. They emphasize that they are to call funeral singers to come. Alternate translation: “Get women who are trained in mourning and bring those women here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
827	JER	9	17	d5sd			0	Summon funeral singers	Alternate translation: “Call women who are professional singers at funerals”
828	JER	9	17	u7sp	figs-idiom		0	let them come	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “tell the women to come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
829	JER	9	17	j5jq	figs-metonymy		0	Send out for women skilled at lamenting	The phrase “send out for” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Send people out to get women who are skilled at mourning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
830	JER	9	18	ln9m	figs-exclusive		0	Let them hurry and sing a mournful song … and our eyelids flow with water	Here Yahweh says what the people of Judah will say when the destruction comes. The words “us” and “our” refer to the people of Judah and does not include Yahweh. This may be written instead as a command from Yahweh to the people. Alternate translation: “Tell them to hurry and sing a song to mourn for you, so your eyes may run with tears and your eyelids flow with water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
831	JER	9	18	fft6	figs-explicit		0	so our eyes may run with tears and our eyelids flow with water	This describes the people crying a lot. Alternate translation: “so we will cry very hard with tears flowing from our eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
832	JER	9	19	g4rv			0	General Information:	Here Yahweh is saying what the people of Judah will say when he destroys the land.
833	JER	9	19	la1m	figs-activepassive		0	For the sound of wailing is heard in Zion	This refers to the people of Zion wailing loudly and can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Zion are crying loudly, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
834	JER	9	19	s2nn	figs-idiom		0	How we are devastated	Yahweh tells what the people of Judah will say when the land is destroyed. Alternate translation: “We are very upset” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
835	JER	9	19	g3w7			0	We are greatly ashamed, for we have abandoned the land since they tore down our houses	Alternate translation: “Our shame is great, because enemies destroyed our houses and we had to leave the land of Israel”
836	JER	9	20	n18s	figs-parallelism		0	hear Yahweh’s word; pay attention to the messages that come from his mouth	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the command to listen to what Yahweh says. In the second phrase Yahweh’s “mouth” is a metonym for himself. Alternate translation: “listen to what Yahweh says. Pay attention to his words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
837	JER	9	20	hr1b	figs-ellipsis		0	each neighbor woman a funeral song	The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “teach each neighbor woman a funeral song” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
838	JER	9	21	ruq9			0	General Information:	Here Yahweh is saying what the people of Judah will say when he destroys the land.
839	JER	9	21	tk2q	figs-personification		0	For death has come through our windows … young men in the city squares	The people of Judah will compare death to a person who can climb in windows to attack the people inside and attacks people in the palaces, streets, and city squares. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
840	JER	9	21	nap5			0	palaces	fancy houses where kings live. Death will come to rich and poor alike.
841	JER	9	21	w73h			0	city squares	marketplaces
842	JER	9	22	b1lf	figs-123person		0	This is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “This is what Yahweh has declared” or “This is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
843	JER	9	22	tfy4	figs-parallelism		0	the corpses of men will fall like dung … like grain stalks after the reapers	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the large number dead bodies. Alternate translation: “dead bodies will fall all over the place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
844	JER	9	22	q61w	figs-simile		0	corpses of men will fall like dung in the fields	This describes the great number of people who will die, by comparing their bodies to dung that falls in the fields. Alternate translation: “dead bodies will drop everywhere like animal dung falls all over the fields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
845	JER	9	22	j451	figs-simile		0	like grain stalks after the reapers	This describes the great number of people who will die, by comparing their bodies to cut stalks of grain. Alternate translation: “like stalks of grain fall everywhere after the farmers cut them down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
846	JER	9	22	hyq6			0	there will be no one to gather them	Alternate translation: “there will be nobody to gather the dead bodies”
847	JER	9	23	v41m			0	General Information:	These are the words of Yahweh.
848	JER	9	23	cbr4			0	Do not let the wise man take pride in his wisdom	Alternate translation: “A wise man should not be proud because he is wise”
849	JER	9	23	r3w7	figs-ellipsis		0	or the warrior in his might	The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “or let the warrior take pride in his might” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
850	JER	9	23	mi8d			0	Do not let the wealthy man take pride in his riches	Alternate translation: “A rich man should not be proud because he is rich”
851	JER	9	24	vub7	figs-parallelism		0	has insight and knows me	“understands who I am and knows me.” Both of these phrases have similar meanings. They emphasize people knowing who Yahweh is and understanding who he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
852	JER	9	24	eht9	figs-explicit		0	For I am Yahweh	This refers to people knowing Yahweh and his ways. Alternate translation: “Because people should understand that I am Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
853	JER	9	24	ccv3			0	For it is in these that I take pleasure	The word “these” refers to covenant loyalty, justice, and righteousness.
854	JER	9	24	t9de	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
855	JER	9	25	wg3m			0	General Information:	These are the words of Yahweh.
856	JER	9	25	md99	figs-idiom		0	See	Yahweh uses this word here to draw the people’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Indeed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
857	JER	9	25	k6yc	figs-metaphor		0	all the circumcised who are such only in their body	This refers to the people of Israel who have entered into Yahweh’s covenant by getting circumcised physically, but who have not changed their inner beings by following his laws. Alternate translation: “all those people who have changed their bodies by circumcising them but who have not changed their inner beings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
858	JER	9	26	qn15			0	all the people who cut the hair on their heads very short	This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “all the people who live on the edge of the wilderness.”
859	JER	9	26	siw4	figs-metonymy		0	For all these nations are uncircumcised	The word “nations” refers to the people who live in these places. Foreigners being uncircumcised was a sign that they were not in Yahweh’s covenant. Alternate translation: “For the people of these nations did not enter into a covenant with Yahweh through circumcision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
860	JER	9	26	l471	figs-metonymy		0	all the house of Israel has an uncircumcised heart	The “heart” represents a person’s will and desires. An “uncircumcised heart” represents the character of a person that does not follow Yahweh and his laws. Also, the “house” of Israel refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the people of Israel are only circumcised on the outside and have not changed their hearts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
861	JER	10	intro	v6xy			0		# Jeremiah 10 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 10:1-25 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are a long quotation.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s power<br>This chapter contrasts the great power of Yahweh with the powerlessness of any other false god. It is intended to question why the Jews would worship any other god. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
862	JER	10	1	v6qy			0	General Information:	Yahweh has just reminded the people of Judah, as well as Egypt, Edom, Ammon, Moab and all people, that they will be punished.
863	JER	10	1	d4ld			0	Hear the word	Alternate translation: “Hear the message”
864	JER	10	1	str3	figs-metonymy		0	house of Israel	Here the “house” of Israel represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
865	JER	10	2	zcj4			0	Do not learn the ways of the nations	Alternate translation: “Do not act like the other nations act”
866	JER	10	2	v9aa			0	dismayed	worried or upset
867	JER	10	2	cej6			0	by the signs in the heavens	Alternate translation: “by strange things in the sky”
868	JER	10	2	f2sy	figs-activepassive		0	for the nations are dismayed by these	Here “the nations” refer to the people who live in them. This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “for the people of the nations are afraid of the strange things they see in the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
869	JER	10	3	d8ux			0	General Information:	Yahweh has just reminded them not to learn the ways of the nations nor be worried by things that happen in the sky.
870	JER	10	3	t24u			0	craftsman	a man skilled in his work
871	JER	10	5	xhf6	figs-simile		0	What they make with their hands is like scarecrows	A scarecrow is a man-like figure made to scare birds and prevent them from eating the crops. Here Yahweh compares the idols to scarecrows because they are not capable of doing anything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
872	JER	10	5	y84p			0	cucumber	a vegetable that is usually long, with green skin and white flesh that contains much water
873	JER	10	5	s7ty	figs-activepassive		0	they have to be carried	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people have to carry them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
874	JER	10	6	gd4l			0	General Information:	Jeremiah has just been talking about idol worship.
875	JER	10	6	n439	figs-metonymy		0	your name is great in power	Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to himself and his reputation. Alternate translation: “you are very powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
876	JER	10	7	c4dh	figs-rquestion		0	Who does not fear you, king of the nations?	Jeremiah asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that everyone should fear Yahweh. Here he refers to Yahweh as “king of the nations.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Everyone should fear you, king of the nations.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
877	JER	10	7	d3y9			0	what you deserve	Alternate translation: “what you have earned”
878	JER	10	8	p37g	figs-doublet		0	They are all the same, they are brutish and stupid, disciples	The words “brutish” and “stupid” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how foolish the people are for worshiping idols. Alternate translation: “They are all very stupid, they are disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
879	JER	10	8	hm7c			0	disciples of idols that are nothing but wood	Alternate translation: “they try to learn from an idol which is only a piece of wood”
880	JER	10	9	ni29	translate-names		0	Tarshish … Uphaz	places where silver and gold are mined (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
881	JER	10	9	zr2p	figs-activepassive		0	gold from Uphaz made by artificers, the hands of refiners	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Also, the refiners are represented here by their “hands” because they do their work with their hands. Alternate translation: “gold from Uphaz that skilled craftsmen and refiners have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
882	JER	10	9	a9y4			0	artificers	Alternate translation: “skilled craftsmen”
883	JER	10	9	xa2h			0	refiners	people who heat gold to remove from it anything that is not gold
884	JER	10	9	e22z			0	Their clothes are blue and purple cloth	Alternate translation: “The people dress the idols in blue and purple cloth”
885	JER	10	10	mm4u	figs-personification		0	The earth quakes at his anger	This speaks of the earth shaking as an emotional response to Yahweh’s anger, when actually Yahweh causes the earth to quake. Alternate translation: “The earth quakes when he is angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
886	JER	10	10	re97			0	quakes	Alternate translation: “shakes”
887	JER	10	11	ng9f			0	General Information:	God is speaking to Jeremiah.
888	JER	10	11	bq56			0	You will speak to them like this	The word “you” refers to the Israelites and the word “them” refers to the people of the other nations.
889	JER	10	11	csc7	figs-metaphor		0	will perish from the earth	This speaks of the idols disappearing and losing their significance as if they were dying. This emphasizes their lack of power. Alternate translation: “will disappear from the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
890	JER	10	12	sjc2	figs-metaphor		0	stretched out the heavens	This speaks of Yahweh creating the sky as if it were a large sheet that he stretched out. Alternate translation: “created the heavens” or “created the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
891	JER	10	13	hlz6	figs-metonymy		0	His voice makes the roar of waters in the heavens	Here Yahweh is represented by his “voice” to emphasize his speech. The phrase “the roar of waters” refers to loud storms. Alternate translation: “His voice causes the storms in the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
892	JER	10	13	b87n	figs-explicit		0	he brings up the mists from the ends of the earth	This means that he causes the mists to evaporate and form clouds. The phrase “the ends of the earth” refers to all of the earth. Alternate translation: “he causes clouds to form over every part of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
893	JER	10	13	y78p	figs-metaphor		0	sends out wind from his storehouse	This speaks of Yahweh causing the wind to blow as if the wind were kept in a storehouse and brought out when he desires. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
894	JER	10	13	h3h9			0	storehouse	a building where things are kept
895	JER	10	14	rb7t			0	has become ignorant	Alternate translation: “is lacking knowledge” or “does not know”
896	JER	10	14	up7n	figs-activepassive		0	Every metalworker is put to shame by his idols	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Every metalworker’s idols put him to shame” or “As for every metalworker, his idols shame him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
897	JER	10	15	l8cb	figs-personification		0	they will perish at the time of their punishment	This speaks of the final destruction of the idols. Alternate translation: “there will be a time when God will destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
898	JER	10	16	gc2y	figs-metonymy		0	the portion of Jacob	Here “Jacob” represents the people of Israel. God being their “portion” is an idiom that means that they worship him. Alternate translation: “the portion of Israel” or “whom the people of Israel worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
899	JER	10	16	q8sb			0	the molder of all things	Alternate translation: “the creator of all things” or “the one who created all things”
900	JER	10	16	p7kl	figs-metaphor		0	Israel is the tribe of his inheritance	This speaks of Israel belonging to Yahweh as if it were something that Yahweh gained through inheritance. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Israel belongs to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
901	JER	10	17	hm4j			0	Gather your bundle	Alternate translation: “Gather your belongings”
902	JER	10	17	g8r9			0	who have been living under the siege	Alternate translation: “whose city has been surrounded by your enemies’ army” or “who have been living in your city while an enemy army surrounds it”
903	JER	10	18	h5w8	figs-idiom		0	See	Yahweh uses this word here to draw the peoples’ attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
904	JER	10	18	yy6k	figs-metaphor		0	I am about to throw the inhabitants of the land out this time	Here Yahweh speaks of causing the people to leave the land as if they were objects that he were throwing out of a container. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people living in the land to leave that land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
905	JER	10	18	bz7p			0	inhabitants of the land	Alternate translation: “people who live in the land”
906	JER	10	18	ku2a			0	distress	great pain or suffering
907	JER	10	19	wud3	figs-synecdoche		0	General Information:	Jeremiah is speaking as if he were the whole tribe of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
908	JER	10	19	k8py	figs-metaphor		0	Woe to me! Because of my broken bones, my wound is infected	Jeremiah speaks of the peoples’ distress as if they were physically wounded by broken bones and infection. Alternate translation: “Woe to us! It is as though we have broken bones and an infected wound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
909	JER	10	19	m4ix	figs-synecdoche		0	but I must bear it	Here Jeremiah represents the whole tribe of Israel. Alternate translation: “but we must bear it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
910	JER	10	20	g663	figs-metaphor		0	My tent is devastated, and all of my tent cords are cut in two	Here Jeremiah speaks of the enemy having destroyed their city as if their tent had been destroyed. Alternate translation: “It is as though our great tent is destroyed; the ropes that held it up have been cut” or “The enemy has completely destroyed our city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
911	JER	10	20	l9vb	figs-activepassive		0	My tent is devastated	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “My enemy has devastated my tent” or “Our enemy has destroyed our tent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
912	JER	10	20	plf2	figs-synecdoche		0	They have taken my children away from me	Here Jeremiah represents the whole tribe of Israel. Alternate translation: “Our enemies have taken our children away from us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
913	JER	10	20	tc5f	figs-metaphor		0	so they no longer exist	The children no longer existing is a metaphor for the parents never seeing them again. Alternate translation: “and it is like they no longer exist” or “and they will never return again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
914	JER	10	20	n6v1	figs-metaphor		0	There is no longer anyone to spread out my tent or to raise up my tent curtains	Here Jeremiah speaks of them not having descendants to rebuild their city as if their city were a tent that needs to be rebuilt. Alternate translation: “There is no one to rebuild our city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
915	JER	10	21	x7r1	figs-metaphor		0	For the shepherds are stupid … all their flock has been scattered	Here the leaders of Israel are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were flocks of sheep. Alternate translation: “For the shepherds of our people are stupid … all the people of their flock have been scattered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
916	JER	10	21	zmx4	figs-activepassive		0	all their flock has been scattered	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and their enemies have scattered all their flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
917	JER	10	22	r6v8	figs-metaphor		0	See! It is coming, a great earthquake is coming	Here the marching enemy armies are spoken of as if they were an earthquake. The word “See!” is used here as an idiom to draw the listener’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Look! The enemy army is coming, they sound like a great earthquake as they are marching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
918	JER	10	22	t67q			0	jackals	a type of fierce wild dog
919	JER	10	23	vv9s			0	General Information:	Jeremiah prays for the people of Israel.
920	JER	10	23	iqa8	figs-parallelism		0	that the way of a man does not come from himself. No person walking directs his own steps	These two phrases mean the same thing. This means that no one has control over the various things that will happen to him during his life. Alternate translation: “that no person controls what will happen to him; no one is able to direct the events that he will experience” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
921	JER	10	25	kfn6	figs-metaphor		0	Pour your fury on the nations	Here “the nations” refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “In your fury, punish the nations” or “In your anger, punish the nations of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
922	JER	10	25	pi1m	figs-idiom		0	that do not call on your name	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that do not worship you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
923	JER	10	25	b1zn	figs-parallelism		0	For they have devoured Jacob and consumed him so as to completely destroy him	These three phrases have the same meaning. Jeremiah repeats this idea three times to emphasize the utter destruction of Israel. This speaks of the enemy armies attacking the people of Israel as if the armies were a fierce animal attacking and devouring its prey. Alternate translation: “For they have fiercely attacked the people of Israel and consumed them so as to completely destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
924	JER	10	25	z8p8			0	demolish his habitation	Alternate translation: “demolish their homes”
925	JER	11	intro	tg7m			0		# Jeremiah 11 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 11:15-17, 20.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The covenant<br><br>The covenant Yahweh made with Moses is prominent in this chapter. Because the people disobeyed this covenant, God will not help them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
926	JER	11	1	l9ym	figs-idiom		0	The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said,” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
927	JER	11	2	q9d8			0	the inhabitants of Jerusalem	Alternate translation: “the people who live in Jerusalem”
928	JER	11	3	d8vl	figs-activepassive		0	Cursed is anyone	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will curse anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
929	JER	11	4	gi9b	figs-metaphor		0	from the land of Egypt, from the furnace for smelting iron	This speaks of the horrible circumstances and oppression the Israelites were living in Egypt by comparing them to a smelting furnace. Alternate translation: “of Egypt. What happened to them in Egypt was terrible; it was as though they were living in a hot furnace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
930	JER	11	4	q1a1			0	smelting	heating iron to liquid form
931	JER	11	4	fni7	figs-metonymy		0	Listen to my voice	The word “voice” here is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and “listen” is a metonym for “obey.” Alternate translation: “Obey what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
932	JER	11	5	dhd3	figs-metaphor		0	the land flowing with milk and honey	“the land where milk and honey flow.” God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: “the land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
933	JER	11	6	ts3p			0	the words of this covenant	Alternate translation: “the terms of this covenant”
934	JER	11	6	szb8	figs-idiom		0	carry them out	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “obey them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
935	JER	11	7	q8ju			0	solemn	serious and important
936	JER	11	7	k1gz	figs-metonymy		0	Listen to my voice	The word “voice” here is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and “listen” is a metonym for “obey.” Alternate translation: “Obey what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
937	JER	11	8	uvr6	figs-idiom		0	Each person has been walking in the stubbornness of his wicked heart.	Here “walking” is an idiom for the way a person lives. The word “heart” is a metonym for a person’s desires and emotions. Alternate translation: “Each person has refused to change and has been living by his own wicked desires” or “Each person has refused to change and continues to do the evil things that they want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
938	JER	11	8	dla5			0	So I brought all the curses in this covenant that I commanded to come against them	Alternate translation: “So I punished them with all the curses that I described in this covenant that I had commanded them to obey”
939	JER	11	9	n1vg	figs-activepassive		0	A conspiracy has been discovered	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “There is a conspiracy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
940	JER	11	9	n8g7			0	conspiracy	a secret plan to do something that is harmful or illegal
941	JER	11	9	lr11			0	the inhabitants of Jerusalem	Alternate translation: “the people who live in Jerusalem”
942	JER	11	10	g2wu	figs-activepassive		0	They have turned to the iniquities of their earliest ancestors	The phrase “turned to” is an idiom that means to start doing something. Alternate translation: “They have returned to committing the same iniquities as their earliest ancestors committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
943	JER	11	10	u3ji			0	walked after	Alternate translation: “followed after”
944	JER	11	10	x1cg	figs-metonymy		0	The house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “The kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
945	JER	11	10	u4q4	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
946	JER	11	11	sr2g			0	See	This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
947	JER	11	12	cy8r	figs-metonymy		0	The cities of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem	Here the “cities of Judah” represents the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “The people who live in the cities of Judah and in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
948	JER	11	12	kpf4	figs-activepassive		0	but they will certainly not be saved by them	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but their gods will certainly not save them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
949	JER	11	13	k26k			0	to equal	Alternate translation: “to as many as”
950	JER	11	13	d3q3			0	her streets	Alternate translation: “the streets in Jerusalem”
951	JER	11	14	em49			0	You must not wail	Alternate translation: “You must not make a loud cry of sadness”
952	JER	11	15	r1nl	figs-rquestion		0	Why is my beloved one, the one who has had so many wicked intentions, in my house?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the people Judah no longer have a right to be in his temple. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My beloved one, the one who has had so many wicked intentions, should not be in my house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
953	JER	11	15	r9hb	figs-metaphor		0	is my beloved one, the one who has had	The people of Judah are spoken of as if they were a single woman greatly beloved. Alternate translation: “are the people whom I love, those who have had” or “are the people of Judah whom I love, who have had” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
954	JER	11	16	ia9c	figs-metaphor		0	In the past Yahweh called you a leafy olive tree	In the Old Testament people were often compared to trees or plants. Those who were prosperous and healthy were spoken of as leafy, fruitful tree. Alternate translation: “In the past Yahweh said that you were like a leafy olive tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
955	JER	11	16	q1zk	figs-metaphor		0	will light a fire on it	This expression continues the metaphor of the tree. The fire stands for the destruction of the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
956	JER	11	16	jn51	figs-simile		0	that will sound like the roar of a storm	This compares the sound of the raging fire to the sound of a severe storm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
957	JER	11	16	bt3s	figs-activepassive		0	its branches will be broken	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it will break off your branches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
958	JER	11	17	u8fc	figs-metaphor		0	the one who planted you	This speaks of Yahweh placing the people of Israel and Judah in the places where they live as if they were a tree that Yahweh had planted. Alternate translation: “who planted you like a farmer plants a tree” or “the one who placed you to live in the land of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
959	JER	11	17	b82g			0	has decreed disaster against you	Alternate translation: “has decreed that disaster will come upon you”
960	JER	11	17	cs7v	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
961	JER	11	17	p53z	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
962	JER	11	18	aeu2			0	Yahweh made me know these things, so I know them	“You have revealed things to me and so I know them.” The refers to Yahweh revealing to Jeremiah that his enemies were planning to kill him.
963	JER	11	18	nd6g	figs-metaphor		0	made me see their deeds	The refers to Yahweh revealing to Jeremiah that his enemies were planning to kill him. This is spoken of here as if Jeremiah has already see their actions. Alternate translation: “have revealed to me their evil plans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
964	JER	11	19	s72l	figs-metaphor		0	I was like a gentle lamb being led to a butcher	This speaks of Jeremiah being unaware of his enemies’ plans to kill him by comparing him to a lamb who is being led to be slaughtered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
965	JER	11	19	msn1	figs-activepassive		0	being led to a butcher	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that my enemies were leading to a butcher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
966	JER	11	19	jta1	figs-metaphor		0	Let us destroy the tree with its fruit	Here Jeremiah’s enemies speak of killing him as if he were a fruit tree that they were planning to destroy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
967	JER	11	19	brr9	figs-idiom		0	Let us cut him off from the land of the living	The phrase “cut him off” means to destroy him. Also, “the living” refers to living people. Alternate translation: “Let us kill him so he is no longer in the land of those who are alive” or “Let us destroy him so that he is no longer among the world of living people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
968	JER	11	19	cr3r	figs-activepassive		0	his name will be no longer remembered	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will no longer remember his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
969	JER	11	20	xa3x	figs-metonymy		0	the heart and the mind	The heart is a metonym for what a person feels and desires and “the mind” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides. Alternate translation: “a person’s feelings and thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
970	JER	11	20	u147	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will witness your vengeance	The word “vengeance” here can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “I will watch you take revenge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
971	JER	11	21	xz1z	translate-names		0	Anathoth	This is the name of a special city where priests live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
972	JER	11	21	jh6a	figs-metaphor		0	seeking your life	This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. Alternate translation: “wanting to kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
973	JER	11	21	m8v8			0	They say	“They say to me.” The men are speaking to Jeremiah.
974	JER	11	21	g4k7	figs-synecdoche		0	you will die by our hand	Here the men refer to their “hand” to emphasize that they plan to kill him themselves. Alternate translation: “we ourselves will kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
975	JER	11	22	d5xb			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
976	JER	11	22	y5mj			0	See	This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
977	JER	11	22	kn5i			0	vigorous young men	men at the strongest time of their lives
978	JER	11	22	hgu8	figs-metonymy		0	will die by the sword	Here the “sword” represents battle. Alternate translation: “will die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
979	JER	11	23	k7a8	figs-activepassive		0	None of them will be left	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will leave none of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
980	JER	11	23	wlv1	figs-idiom		0	a year of their punishment	The word “year” here is a idiom that describes a specific period of time that Yahweh decides. Alternate translation: “in the time of their punishment” or “for the time of their punishment is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
981	JER	12	intro	mtm9			0		# Jeremiah 12 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 12:1-13.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jeremiah complains that evil men prosper<br><br>Jeremiah complains that evil men prosper. He questions Yahweh’s justice. Yahweh’s response: if Jeremiah is upset by the people of Anathoth, how will he face enemies in Jerusalem? (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>### Yahweh’s grace to the other nations<br><br>Yahweh gives a gracious offer to the Gentile nations. If the other nations who have been against Judah leave their idols and worship God, then God will allow them to return to their lands. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]])
982	JER	12	1	h7ur			0	General Information:	Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh.
983	JER	12	1	v383	figs-nominaladj		0	the wicked	This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
984	JER	12	2	xd5m	figs-metaphor		0	You planted them and they took root. They continue to produce fruit	Here Jeremiah speaks of the wicked as if they were fruit trees. Alternate translation: “They are like fruit trees that you planted, that you allow to prosper and to produce lots of fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
985	JER	12	2	bj22	figs-metonymy		0	You are near to them in their mouths, but far away from their hearts	Here “mouths” represents what a person says. And, “hearts” represents what a person thinks or feels. Also, being loyal is spoken of as if it were being near a person, and being disloyal is spoken of as if it were being far away from a person. Alternate translation: “They always say good things about you, but they do not love or respect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
986	JER	12	3	kt44	figs-metonymy		0	my heart	Here the “heart” represents a person’s thoughts and true feelings. Alternate translation: “my thoughts” or “my inner feelings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
987	JER	12	3	p1lp	figs-metaphor		0	Take them away like sheep to the slaughter	Here Jeremiah asks Yahweh to prepare to punish the wicked as if they were sheep to be taken away to be slaughtered. Alternate translation: “Take the wicked people away, like sheep for slaughter” or “Prepare to punish those wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
988	JER	12	3	jep3			0	the day of slaughter	Alternate translation: “the day they will be destroyed”
989	JER	12	4	gvz5			0	How long will the land go on drying up … because of the wickedness of its inhabitants?	Their land is dry and rain has not come as punishment for the peoples’ wickedness.
990	JER	12	4	bea9			0	wither	dry up
991	JER	12	4	lm57	figs-activepassive		0	The animals and the birds have been taken away	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The animals and the birds are gone” or “The animals and the birds have all died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
992	JER	12	4	a1hp			0	God will not see what happens to us	This could mean: (1) The people are saying that God does not know what things will happen to them in their future or (2) God is unaware of their sin. Alternate translation: “God does not see the sinful things that we do”
993	JER	12	5	hax2	figs-rquestion		0	how can you compete against horses?	This rhetorical question implies that he would not be able to run with horses. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will never compete well against horses.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
994	JER	12	5	e5b2	figs-ellipsis		0	If you fall down	This refers to while the person is running. Alternate translation: “If you fall down while running” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
995	JER	12	5	km32			0	the safe countryside	This refers to the open countryside, where it is easy to travel quickly, in contrast to the overgrown thickets along the Jordan River, where it is difficult to move.
996	JER	12	5	rki9	figs-rquestion		0	how will you do in the thickets along the Jordan?	This rhetorical question implies that he would not be able to run through the thickets along the Jordan. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will surely not be able to run in the thickets along the Jordan.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
997	JER	12	5	c56k			0	thickets	many bushes or small trees growing close together
998	JER	12	6	g1pt			0	denounced	to have accused someone publicly
999	JER	12	7	js9l	figs-parallelism		0	I have abandoned my house; I have forsaken my inheritance. I have given my beloved into the hands of her enemies.	These three sentences have similar meanings. The first and second one strengthens the thought in the third. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1000	JER	12	7	v9at	figs-metaphor		0	I have abandoned my house; I have forsaken my inheritance	The two phrases are metaphors in which Yahweh speaks of his people as if they were his “house” and his “inheritance.” Alternate translation: “I have abandoned my Israelite people, the people whom I chose to belong to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1001	JER	12	7	v6xh	figs-metonymy		0	into the hands of her enemies	Here the word “hands” represents control. Alternate translation: “to be conquered by her enemies” or “over to the control of her enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1002	JER	12	7	ra61	figs-personification		0	of her	Here Yahweh refers to his people as a female by using a feminine pronoun. Alternate translation: “of their” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1003	JER	12	8	n59e			0	she sets herself against me with her own voice	This continues to speaks of Yahweh’s people as a lion. This speaks of the people showing they are against him as if they were roaring at him. Alternate translation: “it is like she roars at me to defy me”
1004	JER	12	8	ik2q	figs-personification		0	she sets herself … with her … hate her	Here Yahweh refers to his people as a female by using feminine pronouns. Alternate translation: “they set themselves … with their … hate them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1005	JER	12	9	m995	figs-rquestion		0	Has not my prized possession become a speckled bird, that other birds of prey go against her all around?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that his people are surrounded by their enemies. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My prized possession has become a speckled bird and other birds of prey go against her all around.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1006	JER	12	9	j8nr	figs-explicit		0	Has not my prized possession	Here Yahweh speaks of his people as his “prized possession.” Alternate translation: “Have not my people, who are my prized possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1007	JER	12	9	rn3n	figs-metaphor		0	become a speckled bird, that other birds of prey go against her all around	Here Yahweh speaks of his people being in danger and surrounded by their enemies as if they were a speckled bird surrounded by birds of prey. Alternate translation: “become like a speckled bird, and her enemies are like birds of prey attacking her on all sides” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1008	JER	12	9	q57h			0	a speckled bird	“a strange looking bird.” This refers to a bird that was often picked on and eaten by other birds.
1009	JER	12	9	l3t3			0	birds of prey	birds that attack and eat animals
1010	JER	12	9	idp1	figs-apostrophe		0	Go and gather all the wild beasts and bring them to devour her	Yahweh speaks here in the form of a command to strengthen what he says. This command is not directed to a specific person and may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Let all the wild beasts in the fields come and eat her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
1011	JER	12	10	jl5k	figs-metaphor		0	Many shepherds have destroyed my vineyard	Here Yahweh speaks of his land and his people being destroyed by armies as if they were a vineyard that shepherds had destroyed. Alternate translation: “My people and my land are like a vineyard that many shepherds have destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1012	JER	12	10	nw8j	figs-metonymy		0	Many shepherds have destroyed	Here the word “shepherds” refers to their sheep. Alternate translation: “Many shepherds have allowed their sheep to destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1013	JER	12	10	dr86			0	They have stomped all over	Alternate translation: “They have crushed under their feet”
1014	JER	12	10	d5c7			0	my portion of land	Alternate translation: “the ground I planted” or “my field”
1015	JER	12	11	ry1p	figs-activepassive		0	All the land has been made desolate	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “All the land is desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1016	JER	12	11	z4k3	figs-idiom		0	takes it to heart	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cares” or “pays any attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1017	JER	12	12	uwl3			0	Destroyers have come	Alternate translation: “Destroying armies have come”
1018	JER	12	12	rbb1			0	bare places in the wilderness	Alternate translation: “places in the wilderness where nothing grows”
1019	JER	12	12	s2mb	figs-metaphor		0	for Yahweh’s sword is devouring	Here Yahweh speaks of the armies that he is using to punish his people as being his “sword.” His”sword” is described here as if it were a large animal that attacked and devoured the people. Alternate translation: “for the armies are my sword that I am using to punish you” or “for I am sending the destroying armies to attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1020	JER	12	12	c8pt			0	from one end of the land to the other	This refers to the whole land that belongs to his people.
1021	JER	12	13	du4i			0	They have sown wheat but harvest thornbushes	Alternate translation: “They have sown wheat, but there is nothing to harvest but thornbushes”
1022	JER	12	13	k4yk			0	They have	Alternate translation: “My people have”
1023	JER	12	13	c3di			0	thornbushes	a large plant that is covered in sharp points
1024	JER	12	13	jez5			0	exhausted	unable to do more, without any more strength
1025	JER	12	13	fby2			0	So be ashamed of your gain because of Yahweh’s anger	“So be ashamed of your tiny harvest because Yahweh is angry with you.” Here the word “gain” does not mean a large amount of something, but refers to a small amount.
1026	JER	12	14	w8dl			0	strike at the possession	Alternate translation: “have been trying to take away the land”
1027	JER	12	14	c7h3			0	made my people Israel inherit	Alternate translation: “gave my people Israel as an inheritance”
1028	JER	12	14	e4jf			0	See	This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1029	JER	12	14	b371	figs-metaphor		0	to uproot them from their own ground	God speaks of forcing the people to leave their land as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. See how you translated this concept in [Jeremiah 1:10](../01/10.md). Alternate translation: “to make them leave their own land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1030	JER	12	14	sv7x	figs-metaphor		0	I will pull up the house of Judah from among them	Here Yahweh speaks of causing the people of Judah to leave the lands of the other nations as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. Alternate translation: “I will cause the house of Judah to leave their lands as well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1031	JER	12	14	ylh4			0	pull up	Alternate translation: “uproot”
1032	JER	12	14	t297	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1033	JER	12	15	i4tb	figs-metaphor		0	I uproot those nations	God speaks of forcing the people to leave their land as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. Alternate translation: “I make those nations leave their lands and move to different places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1034	JER	12	16	f6ti			0	General Information:	God’s word about Judah’s neighbors.
1035	JER	12	16	i1wv			0	It will come about that	Alternate translation: “It will happen that”
1036	JER	12	16	j3ji	figs-idiom		0	As Yahweh lives	“As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Swearing in Yahweh’s name instead of in Baal’s name indicates that they worship Yahweh instead of Baal. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1037	JER	12	16	uph7	figs-metaphor		0	they will be built up in the midst of my people	This speaks of the people becoming prosperous as if they were a building that was being built. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will build them up in the midst of my people” or “I will make them wealthy and they will live among my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1038	JER	12	16	pe5g			0	midst	middle
1039	JER	12	17	w4yd	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1040	JER	13	intro	ky38			0		# Jeremiah 13 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 13:15-27.<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Symbolism<br><br>The action of hiding the undergarment was intended to be a symbolic event. It was supposed to get the Jews’ attention and be a lesson for them to learn. Jeremiah performed the action, but it was not the action itself that was important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1041	JER	13	1	yq1d			0	linen	a type of very fine cloth
1042	JER	13	1	puq2			0	undergarment	clothing that people wear under their clothes; underwear
1043	JER	13	1	d4jw			0	waist	the middle part of the body, usually the narrowest, between the hips and chest
1044	JER	13	1	kf2e			0	do not put it in water first	Alternate translation: “do not wash it or get it wet”
1045	JER	13	3	z13h	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to me a second time, saying,	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message a second time. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this second message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1046	JER	13	4	b7b3			0	rock crevice	a space between rocks or a crack in a rock, big enough to put something into it
1047	JER	13	8	wf3x	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to me, saying,	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1048	JER	13	9	a1zp	figs-metonymy		0	of Judah and Jerusalem	Here Judah and Jerusalem refer to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “of the people of Judah and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1049	JER	13	10	j3d9			0	to listen to my word	Alternate translation: “to obey what I say”
1050	JER	13	10	rn4k	figs-idiom		0	who walk in the hardness of their heart	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “who are stubborn and only do the things they desire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1051	JER	13	11	z1xb			0	clings to … cling to me	Alternate translation: “sticks to … stick to me” or “stays close to … stay close to me”
1052	JER	13	11	t4mp			0	all the house of … all the house of	Alternate translation: “all the people of … all the people of”
1053	JER	13	11	uak7	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1054	JER	13	11	h7ch	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1055	JER	13	11	b9j5	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1056	JER	13	12	sbk9	figs-activepassive		0	Every jar will be filled with wine … every jar will be filled with wine	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Every wineskin should be full of wine … every wineskin should be full of wine” or “Every wine jar should be full of wine … every wine jar should be full of wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1057	JER	13	13	bv6t			0	See	This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1058	JER	13	13	g8y3			0	fill with drunkenness every inhabitant of this land	Alternate translation: “cause all the people of this land to be drunk”
1059	JER	13	13	e418	figs-metonymy		0	the kings who sit on David’s throne	Here the throne that the king of Judah sits on is represented as “David’s throne.” Alternate translation: “the kings who sit on Judah’s throne” or “the kings of the nation of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1060	JER	13	14	e1iz	figs-gendernotations		0	smash each man against the other, fathers and children together	Here the words “each man” refer to both men and women. Alternate translation: “Then I will cause the people to fight with each other, even parents and children will fight one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1061	JER	13	14	g1jc	figs-ellipsis		0	fathers and children together	The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “I will smash fathers and children together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1062	JER	13	14	kq6a	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1063	JER	13	14	n1g8			0	I will not pity	Alternate translation: “I will not feel sorry for”
1064	JER	13	14	p3a5			0	will not spare them from destruction	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will allow them to be destroyed”
1065	JER	13	15	d8mp			0	arrogant	falsely believing oneself to be important
1066	JER	13	16	wwm1			0	he brings darkness	Here trouble and despair are spoken of as if they were “darkness.” Alternate translation: “he brings trouble and despair” or “he cause great troubles to come”
1067	JER	13	16	f21v	figs-synecdoche		0	before he causes your feet to stumble	Here a person is referred to by his “feet” to emphasize that he is walking. Alternate translation: “before he causes you to trip and fall as you walk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1068	JER	13	16	nkc1			0	twilight	early morning or evening when it is partially dark, when the sun is beginning to rise or when the sun is almost set
1069	JER	13	16	lg6k	figs-metaphor		0	For you are hoping for light, but he will turn the place into a deep darkness, into a dark cloud	This speaks of goodness and blessings as “light” and of trouble and despair as “darkness.” Alternate translation: “For you were hoping for light and blessings, but Yahweh will give you darkness and great despair--you will feel like you are surrounded by a dark cloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1070	JER	13	17	k2pj	figs-activepassive		0	for Yahweh’s flock has been taken captive	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for enemies have captured Yahweh’s flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1071	JER	13	17	j4z9	figs-metaphor		0	for Yahweh’s flock has been taken captive	Here Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh’s people as Yahweh’s “flock” because he cares for them like a shepherd cares for his sheep. This event has not happened yet, but it is written here as if it already has. This can be written in future tense. Alternate translation: “for you who are Yahweh’s flock, your enemies will soon capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
1072	JER	13	18	f5bj			0	General Information:	Yahweh is continuing to talk to Jeremiah. He is telling Jeremiah what to say to the king of Judah and the king’s mother.
1073	JER	13	18	ihz2			0	queen mother	the mother of the king
1074	JER	13	18	i8em	translate-symaction		0	for your splendid crowns have fallen from your heads	A king and queen mother wear crowns to represent their royal positions as the king and queen mother. Also, this event has not happened yet, but it is written here as if it already has. This can be written in future tense. Alternate translation: “for you will no longer be the king and queen mother, for your crowns, your pride and glory, will fall off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
1075	JER	13	19	jw8r	figs-explicit		0	The cities in the Negev will be shut up, with no one to open them	This means that the cities will be surrounded by their enemies, who will not allow anyone to go in or come out of the cities. Alternate translation: “The cities in the Negev will be shut up, and no one will be able to go into them or come out of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1076	JER	13	19	r9z3	figs-activepassive		0	The cities in the Negev will be shut up	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will shut the cities in the Negev up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1077	JER	13	19	hr6g	figs-metonymy		0	All Judah will be taken captive, completely taken captive	Here “Judah” represents the people who live there. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemies will take all of the people of Judah captive into exile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1078	JER	13	20	qx4s			0	General Information:	Yahweh is talking to the people of Jerusalem.
1079	JER	13	20	s5yj	figs-idiom		0	Lift up your eyes and look at the ones coming from the north	Here the word “look” is an idiom that means to pay attention and be aware of what is happening. Also, “Lift up your eyes” represents looking at something. Alternate translation: “Pay attention and be aware of the ones coming from the north” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1080	JER	13	20	ve51	figs-explicit		0	the ones coming from the north	This refers an enemy army that will come from the north. Alternate translation: “the enemy army coming from the north” or “the enemy army marching from the north” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1081	JER	13	20	iny8	figs-rquestion		0	Where is the flock he gave to you, the flock that was so beautiful to you?	This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that the people of Judah will be captured by the enemy armies. This question is asked as if the people of Judah had already been captured even though this has not yet happened. The question can be written as a statement and in future tense. Alternate translation: “I gave you the people of Judah to care for, like a beautiful flock of sheep, but the enemy army will capture them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
1082	JER	13	20	e5mm	figs-metaphor		0	the flock	This speaks of the people of Judah as a “flock” of sheep to emphasize that the leaders of Judah were supposed to care for them and look after them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1083	JER	13	21	t9l3	figs-rquestion		0	What will you say when God sets over you those you had trained to be your special allies?	This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that the people who Judah’s leaders thought they were at peace with will conquer them. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The people you thought were your friends will conquer you and rule over you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1084	JER	13	21	br9q	figs-rquestion		0	Are these not the beginnings of the labor pains that will seize you just like a woman in childbirth?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to tell the people that their capture is just the beginning of the suffering they will go through. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “These things that you will suffer are like the beginning of the labor pains of a woman in childbirth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1085	JER	13	22	i8we	figs-euphemism		0	that your skirts are raised up and you have been violated	This means that the enemy soldiers will rape the Judean women. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the enemy soldiers will lift up the skirts of your women and rape them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1086	JER	13	23	wyf8	figs-rquestion		0	Can the people of Cush change their skin color, or a leopard change its spots?	This rhetorical question is used to state an example of something that is impossible. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Also, the understood verb “can” maybe be supplied in the second phrase. Alternate translation: “The people of Cush cannot change their skin color and a leopard cannot change its spots.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1087	JER	13	23	m8ie	figs-irony		0	If so, then you yourself, although accustomed to wickedness, would be able to do good	This statement is ironic because the examples about the Cushite and the leopard are impossible situations. This states that if those impossible things could happen then they could do good. Alternate translation: “Just like these things are impossible, so it is also impossible for you who always do evil to do good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1088	JER	13	24	rw5p	figs-simile		0	I will scatter them like chaff that perishes in the desert wind	“I will scatter them like chaff that is blown away by the wind.” Yahweh is saying He will scatter His people throughout the world just as chaff is scattered by the wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1089	JER	13	26	pid5	figs-metaphor		0	I myself will strip your skirts off you, and your private parts will be seen.	This means that Yahweh will make them feel ashamed. It does not in any way mean that he will rape them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It is as though I myself will strip your skirts off of you so that everyone will see your private parts and you will be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1090	JER	13	27	r896	figs-metaphor		0	neighing	This is the sound of a male horse desiring a female horse. Alternate translation: “lusting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1091	JER	14	intro	pqn1			0		# Jeremiah 14 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:1-10, 17-22.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### False prophets<br><br>The false prophets promised there would not be any war or drought. They gave people a false sense of hope, when they needed to repent. Because of this, Yahweh sent a drought and said that the false prophets would die of drought and war. This showed that these were not true prophets of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
1092	JER	14	1	dvb6			0	General Information:	Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has just talked about the adultery of the people.
1093	JER	14	1	c8lt	figs-idiom		0	This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1094	JER	14	2	cn9g	figs-metonymy		0	Let Judah mourn	Here “Judah” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “Let the people of Judah mourn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1095	JER	14	2	zct6	figs-synecdoche		0	let her gates fall apart	Here the word “gates,” which keep enemies out of cities and where people conduct business and government, is a synecdoche for Judah’s cities, and Judah’s cities are a metonym for the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “let her cities fall apart” or “let the people in her cities become unable to defend themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1096	JER	14	2	twu5			0	fall apart	Alternate translation: “fall into pieces”
1097	JER	14	2	qu68	figs-idiom		0	their cries for Jerusalem are going up	The phrase “going up” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “They are calling out loudly in prayer for Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1098	JER	14	3	v2l2			0	Their mighty ones	Alternate translation: “The rich people”
1099	JER	14	3	z6ul	figs-doublet		0	ashamed and dishonored	Both of these words have similar meaning and together emphasize that the servants were ashamed that they were unable to get water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1100	JER	14	3	drx3	translate-symaction		0	they cover their heads	In biblical times, people would wear a headcovering to show that they were ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1101	JER	14	4	l4rv			0	General Information:	Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has continued to tell the people about the drought.
1102	JER	14	4	je8k	translate-symaction		0	The plowmen are ashamed and cover their heads	In biblical times, people would wear a headcovering to show that they were ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1103	JER	14	5	yca3	figs-parallelism		0	the doe leaves her young in the fields and abandons them	These two phrase have the same meaning and emphasize that the doe leaves her young deer because she cannot provide for them. A doe is a female deer. Alternate translation: “the deer leaves her young in the field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1104	JER	14	5	q5hd	figs-explicit		0	for there is no grass	This means that there is no grass for the deer to eat. Alternate translation: “for there is no grass for them to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1105	JER	14	6	rv34	figs-simile		0	they pant in the wind like jackals	This speaks of the donkeys panting because they are thirsty by saying that they pant like jackals. Jackals are fiece wild dog which pant a lot. Alternate translation: “they pant in the wind like thirsty jackals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1106	JER	14	6	sa12			0	Their eyes fail to work, for there is no vegetation	Alternate translation: “They become blind because there is no grass to eat”
1107	JER	14	7	u1uz			0	General Information:	Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has just told the people about the drought.
1108	JER	14	7	a7md	figs-personification		0	our iniquities testify against us	Here their “iniquities” are spoken of as if they were people who testified against them about their wrong doing. Alternate translation: “our iniquities give evidence of our wrongdoing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1109	JER	14	7	hdk6	figs-metonymy		0	for the sake of your name	Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to his reputation. Alternate translation: “for the sake of your reputation” or “in order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1110	JER	14	8	t2bf	figs-explicit		0	Hope of Israel	This is another name for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “You are the hope of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1111	JER	14	8	pi7p	figs-parallelism		0	why will you be like a stranger in the land, like a foreign wanderer who stretches out and spends just one night?	The people are asking if Yahweh is unconcerned with his people and unable to help them. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “you should not be like a stranger in the land, like a foreign wanderer who stretches out and spends just one night.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1112	JER	14	8	m5rq	figs-simile		0	why will you be like a stranger in the land, like a foreign wanderer … just one night	This question speaks of the possibility of Yahweh being unconcerned with helping his people as if he were a stranger just travelling though a place unconcerned with those living there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1113	JER	14	9	i24n	figs-simile		0	Why are you like someone who is astounded, or like a warrior who has no power to rescue?	This speaks of the possibility of Yahweh being unable to help his people as if he were a confused warrior who was unable to rescue anyone. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do nothing to help us, like someone who is astounded or like a warrior who has no power to rescue us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1114	JER	14	9	np92			0	astounded	unable to understand or to think clearly
1115	JER	14	9	s46u	figs-activepassive		0	your name is called over us	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This speaks of the people being Yahweh’s people by saying that his name is over them. Alternate translation: “we bear your name” or “we are your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1116	JER	14	10	jb8u			0	General Information:	Jeremiah has been praying and asking Yahweh not to leave them alone.
1117	JER	14	10	u7uz	figs-metaphor		0	they love to wander	“they love to wander away from me.” This speaks of people being unfaithful to Yahweh and not obey him as if they had wandered from the place where he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1118	JER	14	10	x599	figs-synecdoche		0	have not held back their feet	Here the people are referred to by their “feet” to emphasize their walking away from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “have not kept themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1119	JER	14	10	t4hn	figs-idiom		0	calls to mind	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remembers” or “recalls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1120	JER	14	11	i69u			0	on behalf of	Alternate translation: “to assist” or “to help”
1121	JER	14	12	a2l9			0	wailing	loudly crying because of sorrow
1122	JER	14	12	vgw6	figs-euphemism		0	I will put an end to them	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1123	JER	14	12	c1vk	figs-metonymy		0	by sword	Here war is represented by the “sword” which was the common weapon used in battle. Alternate translation: “by war” or “by battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1124	JER	14	13	xfr8			0	General Information:	Yahweh has just told Jeremiah not to pray for the people of Judah.
1125	JER	14	13	l6t3	figs-metonymy		0	You will not see the sword	Here “sword” represents war, and to “see” represents experiencing. Alternate translation: “You will not experience any war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1126	JER	14	13	sd1w	figs-metaphor		0	I will give you true security	Here “security” is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could give to another person. Alternate translation: “I will allow you to live securely” or “I will allow you to live peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1127	JER	14	14	jsc3	figs-abstractnouns		0	prophesy deceit	The word “deceit” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “prophesy deceitfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1128	JER	14	14	xd4x	figs-metonymy		0	in my name	This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1129	JER	14	14	jv6e	figs-explicit		0	I did not send them out	This means that Yahweh did not send them out with messages to give to the people. Alternate translation: “I did not send them to prophesy to other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1130	JER	14	14	t2xs	figs-metaphor		0	coming from their own minds	Here “minds” are spoken of as if they were a place instead of the ability to think of ideas. Alternate translation: “that they think up themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1131	JER	14	15	p8k9			0	General Information:	Jeremiah has just been talking to Yahweh about the things the false prophets have been prophesying.
1132	JER	14	15	kl3i	figs-metonymy		0	in my name	This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:14](../14/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1133	JER	14	15	q47z	figs-metonymy		0	there will be no sword … perish by sword	Here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “there will be no war … perish by war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1134	JER	14	16	yx8a	figs-metonymy		0	famine and sword	Here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “famine and war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1135	JER	14	16	ex5f	figs-activepassive		0	Then the people to whom they prophesied will be thrown out in the streets of Jerusalem because of famine and sword	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This means that whole families will die and people will throw their bodies into the streets instead of burying them. Alternate translation: “Then the people to whom they prophesied will die by famine and sword and people will throw their bodies into the streets of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1136	JER	14	16	vjb4			0	their wives, their sons, or their daughters	This describes who is referred to by the word “them,” that is, everyone who died by famine and sword.
1137	JER	14	16	wam5	figs-metaphor		0	I will pour out their wickedness on them	Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people in accordance to their wicknedness as if their own wickedness were a liquid that he would pour upon them. Alternate translation: “I will punish them like they deserve to be punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1138	JER	14	17	m8yd	figs-merism		0	night and day	Here two opposite times of the day are given to mean all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time, both night and day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1139	JER	14	17	v4hr			0	incurable wound	a cut or break in skin that cannot be cured
1140	JER	14	18	kwc2	figs-activepassive		0	who were killed by the sword	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Also, here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “who died by the sword” or “who died in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1141	JER	14	18	xa86	figs-metonymy		0	there are the diseases that are caused by famine	Here the “diseases” represent the people who have these diseases because of their starvation. Alternate translation: “there are the ones who are sick because of famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1142	JER	14	18	uax5			0	wander	move around without purpose
1143	JER	14	18	nrq3	figs-explicit		0	they do not know	It may be helpful to state what they do not know. Alternate translation: “they do not know what they are doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1144	JER	14	19	bxi3	figs-ellipsis		0	for a time of healing	The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “we hoped for a time of healing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1145	JER	14	20	z8n3			0	We admit, Yahweh, our offenses, the iniquity of our ancestors	Alternate translation: “Yahweh, we admit our wicked offenses and our ancestors’ iniquity”
1146	JER	14	21	ur4i	figs-metonymy		0	For the sake of your name	Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to his reputation. Alternate translation: “For the sake of your reputation” or “In order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1147	JER	14	21	h4sh	figs-metonymy		0	your glorious throne	Yahweh’s “throne” is represented by Zion, that is Jerusalem. His “throne” also represents the place where he rules as king. Alternate translation: “do disgrace Zion where you glorious throne is” or “do not disgrace Zion, where you rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1148	JER	14	22	my15			0	can the skies themselves send down showers	Alternate translation: “Can the skies decide when they make the rain to fall?”
1149	JER	15	intro	ebq4			0		# Jeremiah 15 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:2, 5-21.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Do not pray for the people<br><br>God told Jeremiah not to pray for the people because God was punishing them. This was meant to be an illustration for Jeremiah. Jeremiah was not to pray because the punishment was already determined. Yahweh also explains that even the great Moses could not help the sinful Jews. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Yahweh uses Gentile nations<br>Yahweh is going to use the Gentile nations to punish Judah. This would have been very offensive to the Jews. They would have also been surprised to learn that Yahweh was using the Gentile nations to punish his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1150	JER	15	1	w1rn			0	General Information:	Jeremiah has just been praying to Yahweh.
1151	JER	15	1	az7b	figs-explicit		0	were standing in front of me, I would still not be in favor of this people	This implies that they are pleading for Yahweh to spare the people. Alternate translation: “were standing in front of me pleading for these people, I would still not be in favor of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1152	JER	15	1	g56c	figs-parallelism		0	Send them out from before me, for them to go away	Yahweh repeats this idea of sending away his people to add emphasis to it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1153	JER	15	2	i7zf			0	Those who are for	Alternate translation: “Those whom I have appointed to go to”
1154	JER	15	2	a7na	figs-metaphor		0	should go to death	This speaks of dying as if death were a place that people can go to. Alternate translation: “should die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1155	JER	15	2	qrc1	figs-metonymy		0	those who are for the sword should go to the sword	Here the “sword” represents war. To be “for the sword” means that God has appointed them to die in war. Alternate translation: “those whom I have appointed to die in war should go to die in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1156	JER	15	2	s5vx	figs-metaphor		0	Those who are for famine should go to famine	This means that Yahweh has appointed these to die because of famine, and these words speak of dying by famine as if “famine” were a place that people can go to. Alternate translation: “Those whom I have appointed to die by famine should go and die by famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1157	JER	15	2	ub7g			0	should go to captivity	Alternate translation: “should go into captivity”
1158	JER	15	3	xfn3			0	General Information:	Yahweh has just told them he will send some of them to death, some to die by the sword, some to die by famine, and some to be captives.
1159	JER	15	3	b44y	figs-metonymy		0	the sword	Here the “sword” refers to the enemy soldiers. Alternate translation: “the enemy soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1160	JER	15	4	etb6			0	I will make of them	Here the word “them” refers to the people of Judah, not to the four groups listed in the previous verse.
1161	JER	15	4	g2xb	figs-explicit		0	because of what Manasseh … did in Jerusalem	Manasseh was a very wicked king who did many evil things in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “because of the wicked things that Manasseh … did in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1162	JER	15	5	sb18			0	General Information:	Yahweh has just told them he will assign them to four groups to kill them—the sword, dogs, birds, and beasts.
1163	JER	15	5	lb4g	figs-rquestion		0	For who will have compassion for you, Jerusalem? Who will grieve for you?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one should mourn for Jerusalem. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one should have compassion on you, Jerusalem. No one should mourn for your destruction.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1164	JER	15	5	wfj2	figs-metonymy		0	for you, Jerusalem	Here “Jerusalem” refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “for you people who live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1165	JER	15	6	es4m	figs-parallelism		0	You have forsaken me … you have gone back from me	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people have, indeed, forsaken Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1166	JER	15	6	w5w5	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1167	JER	15	6	hk2v			0	gone back from me	Alternate translation: “left me” or “gone away from me”
1168	JER	15	6	ub2d	figs-metonymy		0	I will strike you with my hand	Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “I will use my power to strike you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1169	JER	15	7	xa8z	figs-metaphor		0	So I will winnow them with a pitchfork at the gates of the land	Here Yahweh speaks of scattering the people and causing them to leave Jersalem as if they were winnowed chaff being blown away on the wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1170	JER	15	7	i5zm			0	pitchfork	a farm tool with a long handle and sharp metal prongs, used especially for lifting and tossing grain in the air for winnowing
1171	JER	15	7	tdb1			0	I will bereave them	Alternate translation: “I will cause their children to die” or “I will let their enemies kill their children”
1172	JER	15	8	lzr4			0	General Information:	Yahweh has just told them no one will care about them and that he will destroy his people since they would not turn from their wicked ways.
1173	JER	15	8	pg9y			0	widows	women whose husbands have died
1174	JER	15	8	zf6z	figs-hyperbole		0	more than the sands of the seashore	“than the grains of sand on the seashore.” This comparison is an exaggeration used to emphasize an uncountable number. Alternate translation: “more than you can count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1175	JER	15	8	xv7a	figs-explicit		0	Against the mothers of young men I will send the destroyer at noonday	This means that Yahweh will send an enemy army to kill young men, which will cause their mothers great sorrow. Alternate translation: “At noonday I will send an enemy army to destroy young men and cause their mothers to weep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1176	JER	15	8	rv53	figs-idiom		0	fall on them	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “happen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1177	JER	15	9	ab1l	figs-doublet		0	She will be ashamed and embarrassed	The words “ashamed” and “embarrassed” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of shame. Alternate translation: “She will be completely ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1178	JER	15	9	ysv5	figs-idiom		0	will waste away	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will grow faint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1179	JER	15	9	syp4	figs-metaphor		0	Her sun will set while it is still day	This speaks of a woman becoming sorrowful because her children have died, as if her life were a day in which the sun had set early and turned to darkness. Here the darkness represents her sorrow. Alternate translation: “Because of her sorrow, it will be as though the sun has set and her day has turned to darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1180	JER	15	9	e2fw	figs-metonymy		0	I will give those who remain to the sword in the presence of their enemies	Here the “sword” represents the enemy soldiers. This means that Yahweh will allow the enemy solider to kill any of her children that remain. Alternate translation: “I will allow the enemy soldiers to kill those of her children that remain alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1181	JER	15	9	yh62	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1182	JER	15	10	tf3x			0	General Information:	In these verse, Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh about his suffering, and Yahweh answers him.
1183	JER	15	10	bwu4	figs-apostrophe		0	Woe to me, my mother	Jeremiah pretends to speak to his mother as a way to emphasize how sad he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
1184	JER	15	10	z3f7	figs-doublet		0	a man of controversy and argument	The words “controversy” and “argument” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize how much Jeremiah is arguing. Alternate translation: “a man with whom everyone argues all the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1185	JER	15	10	pi56	figs-explicit		0	I have not lent, nor has anyone lent to me	This refers to lending money to people. Often lending money causes people to fight with one another. Alternate translation: “I have not lent money to anyone, nor has anyone lent money to me” or “I have not made anyone angry by lending or borrow money and then quarreling about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1186	JER	15	11	jwd5	figs-rquestion		0	Will I not rescue you for good?	The implicit answer to this rhetorical question is “yes.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will certainly rescue you for good!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1187	JER	15	11	hg1a			0	your enemies	Those are the enemies of Jeremiah who disagreed with his prophecies.
1188	JER	15	11	t2nb	figs-doublet		0	in the time of calamity and distress	Here the words “calamity” and “distress” mean basically the same thing. They emphasize the amount or intensity of the calamity. Alternate translation: “in the time of great calamity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1189	JER	15	12	gp33	figs-rquestion		0	Can one smash iron? Especially iron from the north that is mixed with bronze?	In these questions Yahweh speaks of the strength of Judah’s enemies as if they were iron mixed with bronze. These rhetorical questions can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can smash iron, especially if it is as strong as the iron from the north that is mixed with bronze.” or “But Judah’s enemies, who are as strong as iron or bronze, will attack Judah from the north, no one will be able to stop them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1190	JER	15	13	m4cc			0	General Information:	In these verse, Yahweh speaks to the nation of Israel as if it were one person.
1191	JER	15	13	r9fq	figs-doublet		0	wealth and treasures	The words “wealth” and “treasures” mean the same thing and refer to anything that people consider to be valuable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1192	JER	15	13	cy1n			0	plunder	things that you steal from a city after conquering it
1193	JER	15	13	c2bt	figs-activepassive		0	all your sins committed	This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “all of the sins you have committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1194	JER	15	13	dzj5			0	within all your borders	Alternate translation: “throughout your country”
1195	JER	15	14	e1nj			0	a land that you do not know	Alternate translation: “to a land that is strange to you”
1196	JER	15	14	p77q	figs-metaphor		0	for a fire will ignite, kindled in my wrath against you	The wrath of God is spoken of as if it were a destructive fire. Alternate translation: “I will destroy you because I am very angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1197	JER	15	14	y1s1	figs-metaphor		0	for a fire will ignite, kindled in my wrath against you	Here Yahweh speaks of his wrath as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: “for my wrath is like a fire that I will kindle against you” or “for I will come against you in my wrath, and my wrath will be like a burning fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1198	JER	15	14	ap1i			0	kindled	to light a fire
1199	JER	15	15	mlt5			0	General Information:	Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh.
1200	JER	15	15	lk6p	figs-explicit		0	You are patient, but do not allow them to take me away	Jeremiah is asking Yahweh not to be patient with the sins of his enemies. The phrase “take me away” refers to him being killed. Alternate translation: “Please do not continue to be patient with them and allow them to kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1201	JER	15	16	ds55	figs-activepassive		0	Your words have been found	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have heard your message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1202	JER	15	16	a55i	figs-metaphor		0	I consumed them	Jeremiah speaks of listening and understanding Yahweh’s message as if it were food that he ate. Alternate translation: “I understood your message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1203	JER	15	16	f4hq	figs-metonymy		0	the delight of my heart	Here the “heart” represents a person emotions and feelings. Alternate translation: “what I love most” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1204	JER	15	16	se2v			0	I bear your name	Alternate translation: “people know that I serve you”
1205	JER	15	17	xx62	figs-idiom		0	I did not sit in the circle of	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I did not spend time with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1206	JER	15	17	lst3	figs-metaphor		0	of your powerful hand	Here Yahweh’s “powerful hand” refers to his control and influence over Jeremiah. Alternate translation: “you powerfully influence me” or “you are the one who controls what I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1207	JER	15	18	xb1d	figs-rquestion		0	Why is my pain ongoing and my wound incurable, refusing to be healed?	Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to emphasize his pain. He speaks of his pain as if it were a physical wound. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My pain is ongoing, it is like a wound that will not heal.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1208	JER	15	18	f64w	figs-personification		0	refusing to be healed	This speaks of Jeremiah’s wound as if it were a person that refuses to be healed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that will not heal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1209	JER	15	18	c2kw	figs-rquestion		0	Will you be like deceitful waters to me, waters that dry up?	Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he feels like he cannot depend on Yahweh. He speaks of this as if Yahweh were a stream that dries up. Alternate translation: “It feels like you are undependable to me, like a stream I go to for a drink only to find it dried up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1210	JER	15	19	l1n1	figs-simile		0	you will be like my mouth	Jeremiah is compared to the mouth of Yahweh because he will be used to speak Yahweh’s message. Alternate translation: “you will speak for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1211	JER	15	19	ud46	figs-rpronouns		0	you yourself	The pronoun, “yourself”, is used here to emphasis the command was specifically for Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
1212	JER	15	20	gf1p	figs-simile		0	like an impenetrable bronze wall to this people	Yahweh compares Jeremiah to a wall because the people will not be able to defeat him. Alternate translation: “I will make you strong, like a bronze wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1213	JER	15	20	nx8l	figs-metaphor		0	they will wage war against you	This speaks of the people fighting with Jeremiah as if he were an army that they waged war against. Alternate translation: “they will fight against you” or “they will oppose you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1214	JER	15	20	z1e8	figs-doublet		0	save and rescue	The words “save” and “rescue” mean the same thing and emphasize the safety that God promises. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1215	JER	15	21	bet8	figs-parallelism		0	rescue you from … and redeem you from	These phrases have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize the safety that God provides. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1216	JER	15	21	z99x	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of the wicked … the hand of the tyrant	Here the word “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the control of the wicked … the control of the tyrant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1217	JER	15	21	lwc5	figs-nominaladj		0	the wicked	This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1218	JER	15	21	mm5k			0	tyrant	a ruler who demands absolute obedience and is not friendly for the people under his rule
1219	JER	16	intro	mts4			0		# Jeremiah 16 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 16:19-21. This poem also continues in chapter 17, and these should be seen as one section.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Coming punishment<br><br>The punishment that is prophesied in this chapter will happen quickly. The author gives many illustrations which describe how quickly this punishment will come. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>### Israel restored<br><br>God will bring his people back from captivity. Even though the punishment of Judah will be great, Yahweh promised a future restoration. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])
1220	JER	16	1	iq2r	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to me, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1221	JER	16	4	bdx2			0	They will die diseased deaths	Alternate translation: “They will die from deadly diseases”
1222	JER	16	4	nm5s	figs-activepassive		0	They will not be mourned or buried	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one will mourn for them or bury them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1223	JER	16	4	paq4	figs-simile		0	They will be like dung on the ground	The sons and daughters born in the land are compared to dung on the ground to emphasize that they will be disgusting and that no one will bury them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 8:2](../08/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1224	JER	16	4	b995	figs-euphemism		0	they will come to an end by sword and famine	The phrase “come to an end” is a mild way to say that they will die. The word “sword” represents an army whose soldiers fight with swords. The phrase represents dying in battle. Alternate translation: “they will die in battle or from famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1225	JER	16	5	irw5	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, ‘Do	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said, ‘Do” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me: ‘Do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1226	JER	16	5	byl9	figs-abstractnouns		0	where there is mourning	The word “mourning” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people are mourning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1227	JER	16	5	e7zp	figs-metaphor		0	I have taken away my peace from this people … and my steadfast love and mercy	Yahweh speaks of no longer acting towards the people with peace, steadfast love, and mercy as if these were items that he has taken away from them. Alternate translation: “I will no longer act towards them with peace … or with steadfast love and mercy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1228	JER	16	5	fg62	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1229	JER	16	6	ngj4	figs-merism		0	Both the great and the small will	This refers to all kinds of people and uses size to refer to how important they are. Alternate translation: “Both the important and the unimportant” or “Many people, regardless of how important they are, will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1230	JER	16	6	k2n5	figs-activepassive		0	They will not be buried	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one will bury them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1231	JER	16	6	s8kp	translate-symaction		0	no one will … cut themselves or shave their heads for them	Cutting oneself and shaving one’s head were symbolic actions that expressed strong grief, especially when a loved one died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1232	JER	16	7	t3iq	figs-parallelism		0	No one must share any food in mourning to comfort them because of the deaths … none must give a comforting cup to his father or his mother	These two clauses have a similar meaning. God said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. It was customary to take food or wine to people whose relative had died. Yahweh has removed all comfort from the people because of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1233	JER	16	7	ae18	figs-metonymy		0	none must give a comforting cup	Here the word “cup” represents the drink that the cup holds. Alternate translation: “none must give a comforting drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1234	JER	16	8	rzm9			0	a banquet house	Alternate translation: “a house where people are feasting”
1235	JER	16	9	z6t7			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
1236	JER	16	9	hq3r			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1237	JER	16	9	fxi9	figs-you		0	before your eyes	Here the word “your” is plural and refers to the people of Israel. The idiom means that Yahweh will do this where they can see. Alternate translation: “in front of you” or “where you can see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1238	JER	16	9	b3s5	figs-idiom		0	in your days	This idiom means during their lifetime. Alternate translation: “during your lifetime” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1239	JER	16	9	lki1			0	the sound of joy and the sound of gladness, the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride	See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:34](../07/34.md).
1240	JER	16	11	fq83	figs-parallelism		0	worshiped and bowed down to them	The words “bowed down to” mean basically the same thing as “worshiped” and describe the posture that people used in worship. God said essentially the same thing twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1241	JER	16	12	cu97			0	ancestors, for see, each person	Alternate translation: “ancestors. Look at these people and you will see that each person”
1242	JER	16	12	c169	figs-metaphor		0	walking by the stubbornness of his wicked heart	Yahweh speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking along a path. Here the word “heart” represents the mind or will. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 11:8](../11/08.md). Alternate translation: “stubbornly doing the wicked things that he wants to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1243	JER	16	12	qh3g			0	who listens to me	Alternate translation: “who does what I tell him to do”
1244	JER	16	13	y41b	figs-metaphor		0	throw you from this land	Yahweh speaks of forcefully removing the people from the land as if he were throwing them from the land. Alternate translation: “force you to leave this land and go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1245	JER	16	13	e16l	figs-merism		0	by day and night	The mention of both “day” and “night” means all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “continually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1246	JER	16	14	em2d			0	behold	The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
1247	JER	16	14	l615	figs-activepassive		0	when it will no longer be said	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when people will no longer say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1248	JER	16	14	xr81	figs-idiom		0	As Yahweh lives	“As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1249	JER	16	16	mt7v	figs-metaphor		0	I will send for many fishermen … so they will fish the people out	Yahweh speaks of enemy armies who will attack and kill the people as if they were fishermen who are catching fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1250	JER	16	16	mx2n	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1251	JER	16	16	y22w	figs-metaphor		0	I will send for many hunters so they will hunt for them among	Yahweh speaks of enemy armies who will attack and kill the people as if they were hunters who are hunting animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1252	JER	16	17	l1xj	figs-synecdoche		0	my eye is on all their ways	Here the word “eye” represents Yahweh who sees all that they do. Alternate translation: “I am watching everything they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1253	JER	16	17	c7ju	figs-activepassive		0	they cannot be hidden from before me	Here the word “they” may refer either to the people or to their actions. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they cannot hide from me” or “they cannot hide their ways from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1254	JER	16	17	f9r8	figs-synecdoche		0	Their iniquity cannot be concealed from before my eyes	Here the word “eyes” represents Yahweh who sees. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They cannot conceal their iniquity from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1255	JER	16	18	tpe4	figs-metaphor		0	for their polluting of my land	Yahweh speaks of causing the land to be unacceptable to him as if the people had polluted the land. The words “their polluting” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because they have polluted my land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1256	JER	16	18	sq29	figs-idiom		0	for their filling my inheritance with their disgusting idols	The idiom “to fill” means that they have placed many idols in the land. The words “their filling” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because they have filled my inheritance with their disgusting idols” or “because their disgusting idols are everywhere in my inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1257	JER	16	18	wkp2	figs-metaphor		0	my inheritance	Yahweh speaks of the land as if it were his inheritance that he has claimed as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “the land that is my inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1258	JER	16	19	rt34			0	Yahweh, you are my stronghold	Here Jeremiah begins speaking to Yahweh.
1259	JER	16	19	y75t	figs-metaphor		0	my stronghold and my refuge, my place of safety	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as a place where enemies cannot attack him. He repeats the same idea three times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1260	JER	16	19	x7cn	figs-metonymy		0	The nations will go to you	Here the word “nations” represents the people from the nations. Alternate translation: “The people from the nations will go to you” or “The people of the nations will come to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
1261	JER	16	19	nk1x	figs-idiom		0	the ends of the earth	This is an idiom that means the farthest places on the earth. By referencing both ends, it refers to everywhere in between. Alternate translation: “the farthest places on the earth” or “everywhere on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1262	JER	16	19	c5xl	figs-metonymy		0	our ancestors inherited deceit	Here the word “deceit” refers to false gods. Alternate translation: “our ancestors inherited nothing but false gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1263	JER	16	19	jrc3	figs-parallelism		0	They are empty; there is no profit in them	Here the words “They” and “them” refer to the false gods that the ancestors taught them to believe in. The two phrases mean basically the same thing, with the second explaining how they “are empty.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1264	JER	16	20	y3fg	figs-rquestion		0	Do people make gods for themselves? But they are not gods	The people ask this rhetorical question to emphasize that people cannot make gods for themselves. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “People cannot make gods for themselves. The things that they make are not gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1265	JER	16	21	gwn6			0	Therefore see	“Therefore, indeed.” Here Yahweh begins speaking. The word “see” adds emphasis to what follows.
1266	JER	16	21	fz8r			0	I will cause them to know	Here the word “them” refers to the people from the nations. Yahweh repeats this phrase for emphasis.
1267	JER	16	21	cs55	figs-metonymy		0	my hand and my power	Here the word “hand” refers to power and authority. The two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize Yahweh’s great power. Alternate translation: “my great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1268	JER	16	21	hl7n	figs-metonymy		0	they will know that Yahweh is my name	Here the word “name” refers to Yahweh’s entire person. Alternate translation: “they will know that I am Yahweh, the true God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1269	JER	17	intro	l48r			0		# Jeremiah 17 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 17:1-18. This poem is a continuation of 16:19-21, and these should be seen as one section.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Trusting God or humans<br><br>Trust is an important part of this chapter. Those who trust in human wisdom will not prosper. Those who trust in God will have all of their needs met. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Simile<br><br>The person who depends on the power of other people is compared to a bush in the desert which always has to struggle for life. But the person who trusts in God is like a tree growing by a stream and has all his needs supplied. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1270	JER	17	1	f2as	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1271	JER	17	1	qcz2	figs-metaphor		0	The sin of Judah is written … on the horns of your altars	Yahweh speaks of Judah’s sins being so great that they cannot stop committing them as if someone had engraved their sin permanently. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1272	JER	17	1	ntb1	figs-activepassive		0	The sin of Judah is written	Here the word “Judah” represents the people of Judah. This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone has written the sin of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1273	JER	17	1	r9u2	figs-activepassive		0	It is engraved	This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone has engraved it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1274	JER	17	1	t19m	figs-synecdoche		0	engraved on the tablet of their hearts	The sinful habits of the people are spoken of as if their sins had been engraved on their own hearts. The word “hearts” refers to the whole person: their thoughts, emotions, and actions. Alternate translation: “engraved in their very beings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1275	JER	17	1	gc1k			0	on the horns of your altars	The word “horns” refers to the projections on the corners of the altars.
1276	JER	17	3	ve7m	figs-doublet		0	your wealth and all your treasures	The words “wealth” and “treasures” mean the same thing and refer to anything that they consider valuable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1277	JER	17	3	gfz3			0	plunder	This refers to things that people steal or take by force.
1278	JER	17	4	mei2	figs-metaphor		0	You will lose the inheritance that I gave to you	Yahweh speaks of the land as if it were an inheritance that he had given to the people of Judah as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “You will lose the land that I have given to you as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1279	JER	17	4	w768	figs-metaphor		0	you have ignited a fire in my wrath, which will burn forever	Yahweh speaks of the fierceness of his anger as if his anger were a fire that burns those with whom he is angry. Alternate translation: “you have made me so angry that my anger will be like a fire that will burn forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1280	JER	17	5	zp54	figs-activepassive		0	The person who trusts in mankind is accursed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will curse any person who trusts in mankind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1281	JER	17	5	sd5y	figs-metonymy		0	he makes flesh his strength	Here the word “flesh” represents humans. Alternate translation: “he depends on mere humans for strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1282	JER	17	5	f1ec	figs-metonymy		0	turns his heart away from Yahweh	Here the word “heart” refers to the thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “turns his devotion away from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1283	JER	17	6	wqm5	figs-simile		0	like a small bush	The person who trusts in man instead of Yahweh will be like a plant that struggles to survive in an infertile land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1284	JER	17	6	d8k3	figs-doublet		0	the wilderness, barren land without inhabitants	The phrase “barren land without inhabitants” describes and means basically the same thing as “wilderness.” Alternate translation: “the barren wilderness where no person lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1285	JER	17	8	rs4s	figs-simile		0	he will be like a tree planted by water	The person who trusts in Yahweh will always prosper, just like a tree does when it is planted by a river. It is not affected when there is no rain. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will be like a tree that someone has planted by water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1286	JER	17	8	pf89	figs-personification		0	It will not fear the heat when it comes … It is not anxious in a year of drought	Yahweh speaks of a tree that draws its water from a stream being unaffected by heat and drought as if the tree were unafraid of these things. Alternate translation: “The heat will not affect it when it comes … No harm is caused to it in a year of drought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1287	JER	17	9	q56q	figs-metonymy		0	The heart is more deceitful	Here the word “heart” refers to the minds and thoughts of people. Alternate translation: “The human mind is more deceitful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1288	JER	17	9	h5pr	figs-rquestion		0	who can understand it?	The speaker uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can understand the human heart. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one can understand it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1289	JER	17	10	per1	figs-metonymy		0	who tests the hearts	Here the word “hearts” represents the emotions. Alternate translation: “who tests the emotions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1290	JER	17	10	zu1h	figs-metaphor		0	according to his ways	Here a person’s behavior is spoken of as if it were the paths along which he walks. Alternate translation: “according to how he lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1291	JER	17	10	hlu7	figs-metaphor		0	the fruit of his deeds	Here the results of a person’s actions are spoken of as if they were fruit. Alternate translation: “what he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1292	JER	17	11	r1bc			0	A partridge hatches an egg … become rich unjustly	This analogy of a bird that hatches another bird’s eggs is meant to illustrate a rich man who makes his money by robbing others.
1293	JER	17	11	j8my	figs-idiom		0	when half his days are over	Here the word “days” stands for someone’s entire life. Alternate translation: “when he has lived only half of his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1294	JER	17	11	t4k5	figs-personification		0	those riches will abandon him	The riches are spoken of as if they were servants who would abandon their owner. Alternate translation: “he will lose his wealth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1295	JER	17	11	wwb2			0	in the end	Alternate translation: “at the end of his life”
1296	JER	17	12	c58h	figs-metaphor		0	The place of our temple is a glorious throne	Jeremiah speaks of the temple being a “glorious throne” because it is there that Yahweh dwells and rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1297	JER	17	12	mmb5			0	The place of our temple	This refers to Mount Zion in Jerusalem.
1298	JER	17	13	j27x			0	All who abandon you	Here the word “you” refers to Yahweh.
1299	JER	17	13	tkv3	figs-activepassive		0	those in the land who turn away from you will be written in the earth	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will write in the dust those in the land who turn away from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1300	JER	17	13	e5ej	figs-metaphor		0	will be written in the earth	This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people dying and being forgotten as if someone writes their names in the dust, and those names quickly disappear. Alternate translation: “will disappear like names that someone writes in the dust” or (2) the word “earth” is a metonym for the place of the dead. The phrase is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people going to the place of the dead as if someone enrolled their names in the records of those who have died. Alternate translation: “will join those in the place of the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1301	JER	17	13	vf2c	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh, the fountain of living waters	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh being the source of life as if he were a fountain of living waters. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who is like a fountain of living waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1302	JER	17	13	pj3q	figs-metaphor		0	the fountain of living waters	Jeremiah speaks of fresh, running water as if it were living water. Alternate translation: “the fountain of fresh, running water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1303	JER	17	14	emc7	figs-activepassive		0	I will be healed … I will be rescued	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you really will have healed me … you really will have rescued me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1304	JER	17	14	t5hz			0	For you are my song of praise	This could mean: (1) “For you are the one whom I praise” or (2) “For you are the reason I sing praise.”
1305	JER	17	15	c8ap			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
1306	JER	17	15	kn8p			0	they are saying to me	Here the word “me” refers to Jeremiah and the word “they” to his enemies.
1307	JER	17	15	qef1	figs-rquestion		0	Where is the word of Yahweh?	The people use this question to ridicule Jeremiah because the things that he said had not yet happened. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Where are the things that Yahweh told you would happen?” or “The things that Yahweh told you would happen have not happened.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1308	JER	17	15	s66x			0	Let it come	Alternate translation: “Let what Yahweh has said happen”
1309	JER	17	16	dye9	figs-metaphor		0	I did not run from being a shepherd following you	Jeremiah speaks of leading and caring for the people as if he were a shepherd caring for sheep. He speaks of his abandoning that work as if he were running away from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1310	JER	17	16	vlg8			0	I did not long for	Alternate translation: “I did not desire”
1311	JER	17	16	m8x1	figs-synecdoche		0	the proclamations that came from my lips	Here the word “lips” represents Jeremiah who spoke. The word “proclamations” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the proclamations that I spoke” or “the things that I proclaimed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1312	JER	17	16	hkb7	figs-activepassive		0	They were made	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I made them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1313	JER	17	17	q4lu	figs-metaphor		0	You are my refuge	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as a place where enemies cannot attack him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1314	JER	17	17	ls2i			0	on the day of calamity	Alternate translation: “in times of calamity”
1315	JER	17	18	p168	figs-activepassive		0	May my pursuers be ashamed, but do not let me be ashamed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Bring shame on my pursuers, but do not bring shame on me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1316	JER	17	18	us8n	figs-parallelism		0	May they be dismayed, but do not let me be dismayed	This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous one and adds emphasis to Jeremiah’s prayer. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Make them very afraid, but do not make me afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1317	JER	17	18	xrc7	figs-metaphor		0	shatter them with a double share of destruction	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh destroying his enemies as if they were objects that Yahweh would shatter. The idiom “a double share” means to give twice as much. Alternate translation: “shatter them with complete destruction” or “destroy them twice as much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1318	JER	17	19	ab1v	figs-ellipsis		0	then in all the other gates of Jerusalem	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “then go and stand in all the other gates of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1319	JER	17	21	jye6			0	for the sake of your lives	Alternate translation: “to protect your lives”
1320	JER	17	23	cu16	figs-doublet		0	They did not listen or pay attention	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people refused to listen. Alternate translation: “They refused to listen” or “They refused to obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1321	JER	17	23	ksk9	figs-metaphor		0	stiffened their neck	Jeremiah speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had made their necks stiff and unmovable. Alternate translation: “became stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1322	JER	17	25	i3jj	figs-metonymy		0	those who sit on David’s throne	Here the throne that the king of Judah sits on is represented as “David’s throne.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 13:13](../13/13.md). Alternate translation: “those who sit on Judah’s throne” or “the kings of the nation of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1323	JER	17	25	r4s3	figs-activepassive		0	this city will be inhabited forever	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will inhabit this city forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1324	JER	17	27	xjp9			0	I will light a fire in its gates	Alternate translation: “I will set the gates of Jerusalem on fire”
1325	JER	17	27	r5tg	figs-activepassive		0	it cannot be put out	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people cannot put it out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1326	JER	18	intro	z3ii			0		# Jeremiah 18 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 18:13-17, 19-23.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Attacking Jeremiah<br>Things were so bad in Judah, they even attacked Jeremiah. To attack Yahweh’s prophet was to attack Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Simile<br><br>Like a potter can change what he is making from one type of pot to another, God can change his plans and not punish people if they repent. The image of God as a potter and mankind as clay is an important one in Scripture. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1327	JER	18	1	ad7f	figs-idiom		0	The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Arise” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah: ‘Arise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1328	JER	18	2	ww5x			0	the potter’s house	“the workshop of the potter.” A potter is someone who makes pots from clay.
1329	JER	18	3	z9ps			0	behold!	The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this.
1330	JER	18	3	x9yr			0	on the potter’s wheel	The potter’s wheel is a small table that spins. A potter uses it to make pots.
1331	JER	18	4	j5pm	figs-activepassive		0	the pot he was making from the clay was spoiled in the potter’s hand	The word “spoiled” means that something about the pot made the potter unhappy. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the pot that the potter was making with his hands was not good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1332	JER	18	4	ffd2			0	was making	Alternate translation: “was forming” or “was shaping”
1333	JER	18	4	qs6u			0	he returned the clay and formed it into another pot	He stopped making the pot, crushed the clay back into a lump, and then used that lump of clay to make another pot.
1334	JER	18	4	kd4f	figs-metonymy		0	that was pleasing in his eyes	Here the word “eyes” represents sight and sight represents one’s opinion. Alternate translation: “that he thought was good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1335	JER	18	5	gj6x	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to me, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1336	JER	18	6	y4ia	figs-rquestion		0	Should I not be able to act like this potter with you, house of Israel?	With this question, Yahweh emphasizes his authority to do as he pleases with Israel. Alternate translation: “I am allowed to act toward you, house of Israel, like the potter acts toward the clay.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1337	JER	18	6	j2v5	figs-metonymy		0	house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “kingdom of Israel” or “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1338	JER	18	6	elt6	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1339	JER	18	6	zg76			0	Behold	Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
1340	JER	18	6	uzq5	figs-simile		0	Like clay in a potter’s hand—that is how you are in my hand	Yahweh compares his being able to remake Israel as he see fit to the way that the potter is able to remake a lump of clay as he sees fit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1341	JER	18	7	jk3p	figs-doublet		0	tear it down, or destroy it	These two expressions basically mean the same thing. In the first expression, Yahweh speaks of destroying a kingdom as if the kingdom were a plant or a building that he tears down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1342	JER	18	8	lnu4			0	relent from	Alternate translation: “withhold” or “not bring”
1343	JER	18	9	n3us	figs-doublet		0	build it up or plant it	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of strengthening kingdoms as if they were buildings that he would build, and as if they were plants that he would plant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1344	JER	18	10	q9ah	figs-metonymy		0	if it does evil in my eyes	Here the word “it” refers to a nation or kingdom, which is a metonym for the people in that nation or kingdom. The word “eyes” represents seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “if the people of that nation do things that I consider to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1345	JER	18	10	u2ti	figs-metonymy		0	not listening to my voice	Here the word “voice” represents the words that Yahweh speaks. Here, “not listening” is an idiom that means that they do not obey. Alternate translation: “not obeying what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1346	JER	18	11	h8xz			0	See	This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1347	JER	18	11	tj92	figs-metaphor		0	I am about to form disaster against you. I am about to devise a plan against you	Yahweh speaks of planning disaster as if disaster were an object that he forms, like the potter would form clay. The second sentence repeats the same idea as the first using different words. Alternate translation: “I am about to devise a plan to bring disaster against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1348	JER	18	11	v6ut			0	devise a plan	Alternate translation: “make a plan”
1349	JER	18	11	me21	figs-metaphor		0	his wicked way	Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1350	JER	18	11	w5eq	figs-doublet		0	so your ways and your practices will bring good to you	The words “ways” and “practices” both refer to a person’s actions and general lifestyle. Alternate translation: “so your actions will result in good happening to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1351	JER	18	12	fq15			0	But they will say	The word “they” refers to the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem.
1352	JER	18	12	nmb4	figs-idiom		0	This is no use	Here, this idiom could mean: (1) the people do not care about what Jeremiah will say to them. Alternate translation: “We do not care what you say” or (2) The people do not think that anything good will come of what Jeremiah tells them to do. Alternate translation: “What you are saying will not work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1353	JER	18	12	yc7y	figs-metonymy		0	what his evil, stubborn heart desires	Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind or will. Alternate translation: “what his evil, stubborn mind desires” or “whatever evil things that we stubbornly want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1354	JER	18	13	w781	figs-rquestion		0	Ask the nations, who has ever heard of such a thing as this?	Here the word “nations” represents the people in the nations. Yahweh asks this question to scold the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Ask the nations if any of them have ever heard of such a thing as this.” or “Nowhere on earth has anyone ever heard of such a thing like this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1355	JER	18	13	vta7	figs-personification		0	The virgin Israel has committed a horrible act	It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. Yahweh speaks of Israel being pure and faithful towards him as if she were a virgin and of Israel being unfaithful to him as if she had “committed a horrible act.” Alternate translation: “Israel, who is like a virgin, has done something horrible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1356	JER	18	14	bbi9	figs-rquestion		0	Does the snow in Lebanon ever leave the rocky hills on its sides?	Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the snow on the mountains never melts. Alternate translation: “The snow in Lebanon never leaves the rocky hills on its sides.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1357	JER	18	14	pn6p			0	the rocky hills on its sides	Alternate translation: “the sides of the rocky hills”
1358	JER	18	14	utv2	figs-rquestion		0	Are the mountain streams coming from far away ever destroyed, those cold streams?	Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the mountain streams never cease to flow. He speaks of the streams drying up as if they were destroyed. Alternate translation: “Those cold mountain streams that come from far away never cease to flow.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1359	JER	18	15	k5st	figs-metaphor		0	been made to stumble in their paths	Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a path along which he walks, and of living unfaithfully to him as if the person stumbled along the path. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this caused them to stumble in their paths” or “it is like they stumbled while walking on a path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1360	JER	18	15	x24p	figs-metaphor		0	they have left the ancient paths to walk lesser paths	Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a path along which he walks. Here, “the ancient paths” represents the way that Yahweh had told their ancestors to live and “lesser paths” represents living unfaithfully to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1361	JER	18	16	qh44	figs-abstractnouns		0	will become a horror	The word “horror” may be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “will become something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1362	JER	18	16	g6ye			0	an object of everlasting hissing	The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people will always hiss”
1363	JER	18	16	mx2e			0	passes by her	Here the word “her” refers to “Their land.”
1364	JER	18	17	n6hk	figs-metaphor		0	I will scatter them before their enemies like an eastern wind	Yahweh speaks of causing the people to flee before their enemies as if he were an eastern wind that scatters dust and debris. Alternate translation: “I will be like an eastern wind and scatter them before their enemies” or “I will scatter them before their enemies like an eastern wind scatters dust and debris” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1365	JER	18	17	n2xm			0	will scatter them	Here the word “them” refers to “my people.”
1366	JER	18	17	mn5a	translate-symaction		0	I will show them my back, and not my face	“I will turn my back toward them, and not my face.” Turning one’s back towards someone is a symbolic action that represents rejection and turning one’s face towards someone is a symbolic action that represents favor. Alternate translation: “I will reject them and not act favorably towards them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1367	JER	18	18	vh9w			0	let us make plots against Jeremiah	Alternate translation: “let us make plans to harm Jeremiah”
1368	JER	18	18	cf4s	figs-ellipsis		0	the law will never perish from the priests, or advice from the wise men, or words from the prophets	The words “will never perish” can be supplied to each of these phrases. This can also be expressed in positive terms. Alternate translation: “the law will never perish from the priests, and advice will never perish from the wise men, and words will never perish from the prophets” or “the priests will always have the law, the wise men will always give advice, and the prophets will always speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1369	JER	18	18	f353	figs-explicit		0	words from the prophets	Here “words” represents messages that the prophets speak from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “words of Yahweh from the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1370	JER	18	18	ay55	figs-metaphor		0	attack him with our words	The people speak of speaking harmful words against Jeremiah as if their words were weapons with which they attack him. Alternate translation: “say things that will harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1371	JER	18	19	u46b			0	Pay attention to me	Here Jeremiah begins speaking to Yahweh.
1372	JER	18	20	p988	figs-rquestion		0	Will disaster from them really be my reward for being good to them?	Jeremiah asks this question to emphasize that good actions should not be repaid with bad things. Alternate translation: “Disaster from them should not be my reward for being good to them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1373	JER	18	20	t4h5	figs-metaphor		0	they have dug a pit for me	Jeremiah speaks of his enemies planning to kill him as if they had dug a pit in which to trap him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1374	JER	18	20	p3xy	figs-metonymy		0	to cause your fury to turn away from them	Here the word “fury” represents the punishment that Yahweh intended to inflict upon them. Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh not punishing them as if he were turning his fury away from them. Alternate translation: “so that you would not punish them in your anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1375	JER	18	21	xrk4	figs-idiom		0	give their children over to famine	The idiom “give over” means to place a person in the power of another person. Jeremiah speaks of “famine” as if it were a person who could have power over others. Alternate translation: “cause their children to die from famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1376	JER	18	21	x3mp	figs-metonymy		0	give them to the hands of those who use the sword	Here the word “hands” represents power. Alternate translation: “cause those who use the sword to have power over them” or “cause them to die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1377	JER	18	21	c2vn			0	let their women become bereaved and widows	“let the children and husbands of their women die.” The word “bereaved” refers to a woman whose children have all died.
1378	JER	18	21	yp4k	figs-ellipsis		0	their men be killed	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let people kill their men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1379	JER	18	21	gz9s	figs-ellipsis		0	their young men killed by the sword in battle	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let people kill their young men with swords in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1380	JER	18	22	nj6w	figs-activepassive		0	Let a distressed shout be heard	The phrase “a distressed shout” can be translated with a verbal phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Let people hear a distressed shout” or “Let people hear others shout in distress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1381	JER	18	22	zdc2	figs-parallelism		0	For they have dug a pit to capture me and have hidden traps for my feet	These two phrases share similar meanings. Jeremiah speaks of his enemies planning to kill him as if they had dug a pit for him to fall into and set traps in which to capture him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1382	JER	18	22	l4rh			0	they have dug a pit	See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:20](../18/20.md).
1383	JER	18	22	pxk9	figs-synecdoche		0	have hidden traps for my feet	Here the word “feet” represents Jeremiah. Alternate translation: “have hidden traps for me” or “have hidden traps for me to step on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1384	JER	18	23	yh1m	figs-parallelism		0	Do not wipe their sins away from you	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh forgiving his enemies’ sins as if someone had written their sins down and Yahweh would erase them. This phrase means the same thing as the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “Do not pardon their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1385	JER	18	23	fin3	figs-activepassive		0	let them be overthrown before you	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let people overthrow them in your presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1386	JER	18	23	jrr6	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the time of your wrath	The word “wrath” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “when you are still angry with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1387	JER	19	intro	e68t			0		# Jeremiah 19 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### People horrified<br><br>The destruction of Jerusalem will be so complete that it will leave dead bodies everywhere and horrify people who see it.
1388	JER	19	2	r77q			0	Valley of Ben Hinnom	This is the name of a valley south of the city of Jerusalem, where people sacrificed to false gods. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md).
1389	JER	19	3	lse3			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
1390	JER	19	3	tn4j			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1391	JER	19	3	wu9y	figs-idiom		0	the ears of everyone who hears of it will tingle	Here “ears … will tingle” is an idiom that means everyone will be shocked by what they hear. Alternate translation: “it will shock everyone who hears of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1392	JER	19	3	w8jh			0	will tingle	This could mean: (1) “will ring” or (2) “will quiver.”
1393	JER	19	4	i11f			0	they have abandoned me	Here the word “they” refers to the people of Judah.
1394	JER	19	4	h6hz	figs-metonymy		0	filled this place with innocent blood	Here “innocent blood” represents the murder of innocent people. Yahweh speaks of murdering many people as filling a place with blood. Alternate translation: “murdered many innocent people in this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1395	JER	19	5	hi1p	figs-metonymy		0	nor did it enter my mind	Here the word “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). Alternate translation: “nor did I ever think about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1396	JER	19	6	h15q			0	see	Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1397	JER	19	6	r6da	figs-activepassive		0	this place will no longer be called	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will no longer call this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1398	JER	19	6	n996			0	Topheth … the Valley of Ben Hinnom … the Valley of Slaughter	See how you translated the names of these places in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md).
1399	JER	19	7	mk3z	figs-idiom		0	I will make them to fall by the sword before their enemies	The idiom “to fall by the sword” means to die in battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will enable their enemies to kill them with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1400	JER	19	7	l3wj			0	I will make them	The word “them” refers to the people of Judah and Jerusalem.
1401	JER	19	7	hl7t	figs-ellipsis		0	by the hand of the ones seeking their lives	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The idiom “fall … by the hand of” means to be killed by someone, with the word “hand” representing the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will enable those who want to kill them to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1402	JER	19	8	qfw1	figs-abstractnouns		0	the object of hissing	The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people hiss” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1403	JER	19	9	x4ye			0	I will make them eat	Alternate translation: “I will make the people who live in Jerusalem eat”
1404	JER	19	9	gu5g			0	in the siege	Alternate translation: “because of the siege”
1405	JER	19	9	jy23	figs-activepassive		0	and in the anguish brought on them by their enemies and the ones seeking their lives	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because their enemies and those who are seeking their lives have brought anguish upon them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1406	JER	19	10	ck5z	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the sight of the men who went with you	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sight**, you could express the same idea with the verb “watching.” Alternate translation: “while the men who went with you are watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1407	JER	19	11	vi9r			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
1408	JER	19	11	uis2	figs-activepassive		0	it could not be repaired again	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one can repair it again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1409	JER	19	13	l6aa	figs-ellipsis		0	of the kings of Judah	The words “the houses” may be supplied here. Alternate translation: “the houses of the kings of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1410	JER	19	13	u9v5	figs-metaphor		0	the unclean people	People who are not acceptable for God’s purposes are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1411	JER	19	15	ut7s			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
1412	JER	19	15	d4pr			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1413	JER	19	15	rv5y	figs-parallelism		0	stiffened their neck and refused to listen	These two phrases both speak of the people being stubborn. In the first phrase, Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had made their necks stiff. Alternate translation: “stubbornly refused to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1414	JER	20	intro	apn5			0		# Jeremiah 20 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 20:7-18.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pashhur<br>This chapter prophesied punishment against a specific leader named Pashhur. He was in charge of protecting the temple and had Jeremiah beaten and arrested. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>### Jeremiah’s reaction<br>Jeremiah’s reaction contrasts with the reaction of the Jews in general. Although Jeremiah was not happy with Yahweh’s actions, he still trusted in Yahweh. On the other hand, the Jews were not happy with the prophecies Yahweh gave to Jeremiah, so they beat the prophet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
1415	JER	20	1	l4ka	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1416	JER	20	1	xjd1	translate-names		0	Pashhur … Immer	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1417	JER	20	2	h7fz	figs-metonymy		0	Pashhur beat Jeremiah	This could mean: (1) that Pashhur himself beat Jeremiah or (2) that Pashhur ordered other men to beat Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1418	JER	20	2	rg2f			0	stocks	Stocks are a wooden frame with holes in it that people use to lock up a prisoner’s hands, feet, and head.
1419	JER	20	2	yc2r			0	Upper Gate of Benjamin	This gate is different from the gate in the city wall that shared the same name.
1420	JER	20	3	wf2c			0	It happened	This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1421	JER	20	3	pwz5	translate-names		0	you are Magor Missabib	This name means “terror on every side” or “surrounded by terror.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1422	JER	20	4	a8gs			0	Look,	This word adds emphasis to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
1423	JER	20	4	ebi2	figs-idiom		0	they will fall by the sword of their enemies	The idiom “fall by the sword” means that they will die in battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “their enemies will kill them with swords” or “their enemies will kill them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1424	JER	20	4	xmk6	figs-synecdoche		0	your eyes will see it	Here the word “eyes” represents Pashhur. Alternate translation: “you will see it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1425	JER	20	4	n4ua	figs-metonymy		0	I will give all of Judah into the hand of the king of Babylon	Here the word “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “I will enable the king of Babylon to conquer all of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1426	JER	20	5	hbk2			0	I will give him	Here the word “him” refers to the king of Babylon.
1427	JER	20	5	kd4g	figs-parallelism		0	all the wealth … all of its riches, all of its precious items and all the treasures	Yahweh repeats the same basic idea four times for emphasis. Babylon will take away all the wealth of Israel, including the king’s possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1428	JER	20	5	j1gs	figs-metonymy		0	I will place these things in the hand of your enemies	Placing things in people’s hands represents giving thing to the people or allowing the people to take the things. Alternate translation: “I will give these things to your enemies” or “I will allow your enemies to take possession of these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1429	JER	20	6	i5vn	figs-activepassive		0	You and all of your loved ones to whom you prophesied deceitful things will be buried there	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “There, people will bury you and all of your loved ones to whom you prophesied deceitful things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1430	JER	20	7	sx22			0	General Information:	Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh.
1431	JER	20	7	xwv7			0	Yahweh, you deceived me, and I was deceived	Some modern versions interpret these Hebrew expressions as “Yahweh, you persuaded me, and I was indeed persuaded.”
1432	JER	20	7	np4x	figs-activepassive		0	I was deceived	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you deceived me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1433	JER	20	7	r6kv	figs-parallelism		0	I have become a laughingstock all day long; everyone mocks me	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the way others mock him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1434	JER	20	7	r3gc			0	laughingstock	This is a person whom others laugh at and make fun of.
1435	JER	20	8	dqv6	figs-doublet		0	called out and proclaimed	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he proclaimed Yahweh’s message boldly. Alternate translation: “openly proclaimed” or “proclaimed loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1436	JER	20	8	bd79	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh’s word has become for me reproach and mocking every day	Here “word” refers to the message of Yahweh. The words “reproach” and “mocking” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “people reproach and mock me every day because I proclaim Yahweh’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1437	JER	20	8	t4n7	figs-doublet		0	for me reproach and mocking	The words “reproach” and “mocking” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that people have ridiculed Jeremiah for proclaiming Yahweh’s message. Alternate translation: “a reason for people to ridicule me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1438	JER	20	9	bs6s	figs-metonymy		0	I will not speak any longer in his name	This could mean: (1) “I will never mention Yahweh or say anything about him” or (2) the word “name” represents authority. Alternate translation: “I will no longer speak as his messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1439	JER	20	9	a3zh	figs-synecdoche		0	it is like a fire in my heart, held within my bones	Here the words “heart” and “bones” represent Jeremiah’s innermost being. Jeremiah speaks of being unable to not speak Yahweh’s message as if Yahweh’s message were a fire that burns within him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s word is like a fire that burns deep within me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1440	JER	20	10	tf3t			0	Report! We must report it	Jeremiah’s enemies say these words.
1441	JER	20	10	x8mp	figs-metaphor		0	watch to see if I will fall	Jeremiah speaks of his enemies waiting for him to do something wrong for which they might accuse him as if they were watching for him to fall down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1442	JER	20	10	zz5y			0	Perhaps he can be tricked … take our revenge on him	Jeremiah’s enemies say these words.
1443	JER	20	10	i3zl	figs-activepassive		0	Perhaps he can be tricked	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Perhaps we can trick him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1444	JER	20	11	zzb4	figs-simile		0	Yahweh is with me like a powerful warrior	Jeremiah compares Yahweh helping him and defending him against his enemies to a powerful warrior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1445	JER	20	11	yi4y	figs-metaphor		0	so the ones pursuing me will stagger	Jeremiah speaks of his enemies trying to harm him as if they were chasing after him and of their failing to harm him as if they were to stagger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1446	JER	20	11	a96t	figs-activepassive		0	They will be greatly ashamed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bring great shame upon them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1447	JER	20	11	uvt7	figs-activepassive		0	it will never be forgotten	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will never forget it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1448	JER	20	12	m8yj	figs-metonymy		0	see the mind and the heart	The word “mind” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides, and the word “heart” is a metonym for what a person feels and desires. Alternate translation: “know every person’s thoughts and feelings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1449	JER	20	13	g8hc	figs-metonymy		0	those who are oppressed from the hand of evildoers	Here the word “hand” represents power. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those whom evildoers oppress with their power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1450	JER	20	14	rdr5	figs-activepassive		0	Let the day when I was born be cursed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Curse the day I was born” or “Let people curse the day when I was born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1451	JER	20	14	n6m1	figs-activepassive		0	Do not let the day that my mother bore me be blessed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not bless the day that my mother bore me” or “Do not let people bless the day that my mother bore me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1452	JER	20	15	se5g	figs-activepassive		0	Let the man who informed my father be cursed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Curse the man who informed my father” or “Let people curse the man who informed my father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1453	JER	20	16	r8ir			0	that man	This refers to the man who informed Jeremiah’s father of Jeremiah’s birth.
1454	JER	20	16	p6vf			0	the cities that Yahweh overthrew	This refers to Sodom and Gomorrah.
1455	JER	20	16	l3tc			0	he did not have compassion	Here the word “he” refers to Yahweh.
1456	JER	20	16	ucg7			0	Let him hear a cry for help	Here the word “him” refers to “that man.”
1457	JER	20	17	j5v9	figs-metaphor		0	making my mother to be my tomb	Jeremiah speaks of his dying while his mother was still pregnant with him as if his mother’s womb were his tomb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1458	JER	20	17	z5dt	figs-metaphor		0	a womb that was pregnant forever	Jeremiah speaks of his pregnant mother never giving birth to the baby in her womb as if she had been pregnant forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1459	JER	20	18	zc9e	figs-rquestion		0	Why is it that I came out from the womb to see troubles and agony … shame?	Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to complain that there was no good reason for him to be born. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There was no reason for me to be born only to see troubles and agony … shame.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1460	JER	20	18	szf6	figs-doublet		0	to see troubles and agony	The words “troubles” and “agony” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the amount and severity of suffering. Alternate translation: “to experience so much suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1461	JER	20	18	fz2s	figs-synecdoche		0	my days are filled with shame	Here the word “days” represents all the days of Jeremiah’s life. Alternate translation: “my life is filled with shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1462	JER	21	intro	d7pt			0		# Jeremiah 21 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 21:12-14.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jerusalem doomed<br><br>God will fight against Jerusalem and will use the nation of Babylon to fight his battle. If the Jews wanted to live, they needed to surrender to Babylon. Most of the Jews would have rather died than to surrender to Babylon. Usually, fighting against a Gentile nation was a sign of trust in Yahweh’s power. In this instance, it was a sign of trust in Yahweh to surrender. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
1463	JER	21	1	tf6j	figs-idiom		0	The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke a message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1464	JER	21	1	ur9x			0	Pashhur	This is not the same Pashhur that was mentioned in [Jeremiah 20:1](../20/01.md).
1465	JER	21	1	ad5j	translate-names		0	Pashhur … Malkijah … Maaseiah	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1466	JER	21	1	zpe3			0	and they said	Alternate translation: “Pashhur and Zephaniah said to Jeremiah”
1467	JER	21	2	q4d4			0	Seek advice from Yahweh on our behalf … making war on us	This was a polite, but urgent request. Alternate translation: “Please speak to Yahweh for us … attacking us”
1468	JER	21	2	z5nz			0	as in times past	Alternate translation: “as he did in the past”
1469	JER	21	2	s62n			0	will make him withdraw from us	Alternate translation: “will make him go away”
1470	JER	21	4	leg9			0	See	This tells the hearer to pay special attention to what follows.
1471	JER	21	4	ax9r			0	turn back	This could mean: (1) to make useless or (2) to send back into the city.
1472	JER	21	4	rb48	figs-metonymy		0	the instruments of war that are in your hand	This could mean: (1) the instruments of war refers to the soldiers who carry them and “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the soldiers that you command” or (2) the instruments of war are literal weapons and “your hand” represent both the king and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “the weapons that you and your soldiers carry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1473	JER	21	4	a79u			0	Chaldeans	This term here is another name for the Babylonians.
1474	JER	21	4	xk9a			0	closing you in	Alternate translation: “coming close to you”
1475	JER	21	4	cju6			0	I will gather them	This could mean: (1) Yahweh will allow the Babylonians to enter the city or (2) Yahweh will cause the Israelites to bring their weapons back into the center of the city.
1476	JER	21	5	hc2w	figs-rpronouns		0	Then I myself	This is emphatic and stresses that Yahweh is the one who will do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
1477	JER	21	5	jrm2	figs-idiom		0	with a raised hand and a strong arm	Both of these phrases are idiomatic expressions that refer to great power. Alternate translation: “with very great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1478	JER	21	5	f3ic	figs-doublet		0	with wrath, fury, and great anger	These words all mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the great intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: “with extremely great anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1479	JER	21	6	c5rg			0	inhabitants of this city	Alternate translation: “those who live in Jerusalem”
1480	JER	21	7	k4qv	figs-metonymy		0	the sword	Here this refers to the battle in which swords are used. Alternate translation: “the war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1481	JER	21	7	ziv3	figs-metonymy		0	into the hand	Here “hand” refers to the power of their enemies over them. Alternate translation: “into the power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1482	JER	21	7	vgu8	figs-parallelism		0	Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon … their enemies … those seeking their life	All of these phrases refer to Nebuchadnezzar and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1483	JER	21	7	z1zk			0	seeking their life	Alternate translation: “wanting to kill them”
1484	JER	21	7	equ4	figs-metonymy		0	with the edge of the sword	This could mean: (1) this is a metonym for death in battle. Alternate translation: “in battle” or (2) they will be killed by literal swords. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1485	JER	21	7	j95p	figs-doublet		0	He will not pity them, spare them, or have compassion	These three phrases have the same meaning and emphasize that Nebuchadnezzar will deal severely with them. Alternate translation: “He will not show them any mercy or compassion at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1486	JER	21	8	uz34			0	this people	Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem”
1487	JER	21	8	k2vf			0	I am about to place before you the way of life and the way of death	Yahweh is offering the people of Jerusalem a choice that will determine whether they live or die.
1488	JER	21	9	uw2k	figs-metonymy		0	by the sword, famine, and plague	Death by the sword refers to death in battle. Alternate translation: “in battle and by famine and plague” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1489	JER	21	9	fn95	translate-symaction		0	falling on his knees before	This symbolic act represents surrender. Alternate translation: “surrendering to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1490	JER	21	9	g472			0	closed in against you	Alternate translation: “attacked you from all sides”
1491	JER	21	9	as7l			0	He will escape with his life	The one who surrenders to the Babylonians will escape with his life, even though he will lose all his possessions.
1492	JER	21	10	s4dv	figs-idiom		0	I have set my face against this city	This idiom means he “firmly decided.” Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind to oppose this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1493	JER	21	10	e61c			0	have set my face against	Alternate translation: “am staring angrily at”
1494	JER	21	10	wwu1	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1495	JER	21	10	jk2w	figs-activepassive		0	It has been given	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have given it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1496	JER	21	10	sef1	figs-metonymy		0	into the hand of the king	Here “hand” represents the power of the king to destroy the city. Alternate translation: “into the power of the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1497	JER	21	11	u3ev			0	Concerning the house of the king of Judah, listen to the word of Yahweh	This may serve as a title for 21:12 - 23:8. Alternate translation: “Listen to what Yahweh says about the king of Judah, his family, and his servants”
1498	JER	21	11	l7p3	figs-metonymy		0	the house of the king of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to king and his family. Alternate translation: “the king of Judah and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1499	JER	21	12	nl9b	figs-metonymy		0	House of David	This refers to the same people as “the house of the king of Judah.” All of the kings of Judah were descendants of David. Alternate translation: “Descendants of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1500	JER	21	12	s22h	figs-abstractnouns		0	Bring about justice in the morning	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Always treat the people whom you rule over fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1501	JER	21	12	l5bg	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of the oppressor	Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “the power of the one who oppresses them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1502	JER	21	12	bpj8	figs-metaphor		0	my fury will go out like fire and burn	Here Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if it was a fire that would burn up those who did evil. Alternate translation: “I will punish and destroy you in my anger quickly and completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1503	JER	21	12	ph8p	figs-metaphor		0	there is no one who can quench it	Jeremiah continues the simile of Yahweh’s punishment as a fire that was so hot that no one could put it out with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1504	JER	21	13	a8zt			0	See	This alerts whoever is hearing to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention”
1505	JER	21	13	qie5			0	inhabitant of the valley	This could mean: (1) this may refer to Jerusalem, which was located above a valley, because “inhabitant” is singular and feminine, as is Jerusalem or (2) this is directed to another city or group of people. Most versions leave the original form rather than specifying the city.
1506	JER	21	13	h96i			0	I am against	Alternate translation: “I oppose” or “I am going to punish”
1507	JER	21	13	dxt4	figs-rquestion		0	Who will come down to attack us?…Who will enter our houses?	These questions are used to state their confidence that they can resist attack. Alternate translation: “No one will attack us!…No one will enter our houses!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1508	JER	21	14	uf3g	figs-metaphor		0	I have assigned the fruit of your practices to come against you	The result of their evil deeds is spoken of as fruit which grew from those practices. Alternate translation: “I will punish you as you deserve because of the things you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1509	JER	21	14	nf8v	figs-metaphor		0	in the thickets	This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor for the columns of wood that supported the palace or (2) these are literal patches of brush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1510	JER	22	intro	in1u			0		# Jeremiah 22 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 22:6-10, 13-28, 28-30.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Luxury and oppression<br><br>Because the king lived in luxury and oppressed the poor, God was sending him and his mother into captivity unless he repented. The king lacked justice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
1511	JER	22	1	z5bz			0	the house of the king of Judah	“the palace of the king of Judah.” The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace where the king lived.
1512	JER	22	1	qfg5			0	proclaim this word	Alternate translation: “proclaim this message”
1513	JER	22	2	qj9k	figs-explicit		0	your people who come through these gates	These gates are the gates of the king’s palace. Alternate translation: “your people who come to visit the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1514	JER	22	3	qb4x	figs-abstractnouns		0	Perform justice and righteousness	The abstract nouns “justice” and “righteousness can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “Act fairly and justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1515	JER	22	3	m8e5			0	anyone who has been robbed—rescue him from the hand of the oppressor	Alternate translation: “rescue anyone who has been robbed from the hand of the oppressor”
1516	JER	22	3	y9er	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of the oppressor	Here “the hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “the power of the oppressor” or “the one who would harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1517	JER	22	3	m38q			0	Do not mistreat	Alternate translation: “Do not treat badly”
1518	JER	22	3	z2z9			0	orphan	a child who does not have parents
1519	JER	22	3	b6c5	figs-idiom		0	Do not … pour out innocent blood	Here “pour out … blood” is associated with murder, and “blood” refers to the murdered people. Alternate translation: “Do not … murder innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1520	JER	22	3	t9h8			0	in this place	This could mean: (1) Jerusalem or (2) the whole country of Judah. This does not imply that it is good to murder people in other places.
1521	JER	22	4	f37x	figs-metonymy		0	kings sitting on David’s throne	The metonym “throne” refers to kingly authority like David had. Alternate translation: “kings, ruling like David before them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1522	JER	22	4	vfy3			0	the gates of this house	This refers to the gates to the courtyard of the palace.
1523	JER	22	4	l5m1	figs-metonymy		0	riding in a chariot and on horses	This phrase is a metonym that describes the kings as powerful and wealthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1524	JER	22	4	rx2m	figs-ellipsis		0	he, his servants, and his people	This sentence lists all who will be powerful and wealthy. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “he, his servants, and his people will ride into the palace on chariots and horses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1525	JER	22	5	zef9			0	if you do not listen to	Alternate translation: “if you refuse to pay attention to” or “if you do not obey”
1526	JER	22	5	w37m			0	this royal house	This phrase here appears to refer specifically to the royal palace.
1527	JER	22	6	hfy3	figs-metonymy		0	the house of the king of Judah	This could mean: (1) this refers to the royal palace where the king lived or (2) “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, who were the royal line of the kings of Judah. Alternate translation: “the royal dynasty of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1528	JER	22	6	v879	figs-simile		0	You are like Gilead, or like the summit of Lebanon	This could mean: (1) “You are as beautiful as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon” or (2) “You give me as much pleasure as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1529	JER	22	6	ahd6	figs-metaphor		0	turn you into a wilderness	What was formerly beautiful is said to become bare and deserted. Alternate translation: “cause you to become empty like the desert” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1530	JER	22	7	wcw6			0	I have designated destroyers to come against you	Alternate translation: “I have chosen an army to attack you”
1531	JER	22	7	d1mn	figs-metaphor		0	the best of your cedars	This could mean: (1) the beams of the palace or (2) the leading men of the royal family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1532	JER	22	7	wb7h	figs-metaphor		0	fall into the fire	This could mean: (1) a literal fire that will burn the palace beams or (2) the destruction of the royal family is spoken of as if they were burned in a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1533	JER	22	8	t15z	figs-synecdoche		0	Then many nations will pass by this city	Here “nations” refers to the people from those nations that pass by. Alternate translation: “Then many people from various nations will pass by this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1534	JER	22	9	a4v3	figs-doublet		0	bowed down to other gods and worshiped them	These two phrases mean the same thing. The phrase “bowed down” describes the posture that people used in worship. Alternate translation: “they worshiped other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1535	JER	22	10	mwb9			0	General Information:	Yahweh has shifted from addressing the King of Judah and is now speaking to a general audience.
1536	JER	22	10	n3gc			0	the one who is dead	This is singular, and refers to King Josiah who had been killed.
1537	JER	22	10	nz1s			0	him who is about to go away	This refers to King Jehoahaz who was taken into exile in Egypt.
1538	JER	22	10	mc5c			0	never return and see his native land	Alternate translation: “never come back and see the land of Israel again” or “never see his homeland again”
1539	JER	22	11	gm4b	translate-names		0	Jehoahaz	The name in Hebrew is “Shallum,” but he is better known as Jehoahaz. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1540	JER	22	11	rw5q			0	who served as king instead of Josiah his father	Alternate translation: “who became king when his father, Josiah, died”
1541	JER	22	13	qz4r			0	him who builds … his upper rooms … who makes … for him … he does not give	The words “him” and “his” and “who” and “he” refer to King Jehoahaz (verse 11).
1542	JER	22	13	qb7j	figs-doublet		0	builds his house by unrighteousness, his upper rooms by injustice	The abstract nouns “unrighteousness” and “injustice” have similar meanings, are repeated for emphasis, and can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “unjustly forced men to build his house and his upper rooms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1543	JER	22	13	rzx8	figs-metonymy		0	his house	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jehoahaz (verse 11) and his family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1544	JER	22	13	b5uz			0	him his wages	This refers to any of the neighbors of King Jehoahaz (verse 11) whom the king forces to work.
1545	JER	22	14	m567			0	he says … he cuts … he panels … he paints	These refer to King Jehoahaz (verse 11).
1546	JER	22	14	ub8w			0	a large house with spacious upper rooms … large windows … cedar … red	These characteristics all describe a very expensive house.
1547	JER	22	15	ag7u	figs-rquestion		0	Is this what makes you a good king, that you wanted to have boards of cedar?	Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to rebuke Jehoiakim for his expensive palace. Alternate translation: “Having a cedar palace does not make you a good king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1548	JER	22	15	b88r	figs-rquestion		0	Did not your father also eat and drink, yet do … righteousness?	Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Jehoiakim about the example of his father, King Josiah. Alternate translation: “Your father King Josiah enjoyed his life, yet did … righteousness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1549	JER	22	15	y86v	figs-doublet		0	do justice and righteousness	These abstract nouns have similar meanings, are repeated for emphasis and can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “act justly and fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1550	JER	22	16	nkx5			0	It was good then	Alternate translation: “Things went well for him”
1551	JER	22	16	y4lk	figs-rquestion		0	Is this not what it means to know me?	Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to rebuke Jehoiakim for not following the example of his father, King Josiah. Alternate translation: “This is what it means to know me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1552	JER	22	16	rd6y	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1553	JER	22	17	tab3	figs-metonymy		0	there is nothing in your eyes and heart except worry … crushing of others	Here “eyes” is a metonym for seeing and “heart” is a metonym for thinking. Alternate translation: “you never look for or think about anything except … crushing of others” or “you only look for and think about ways to cheat others and pour out innocent blood, and to oppress and crush others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1554	JER	22	17	u23t			0	unjust profit	This is getting money by cheating or by using unfair means.
1555	JER	22	17	idh3	figs-idiom		0	pouring out innocent blood	Here “pouring out … blood” is associated with murder, and “blood” refers to the murdered people. Alternate translation: “murdering innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1556	JER	22	17	l1rn			0	crushing of others	Alternate translation: “doing violence to others in order to get money”
1557	JER	22	18	h7h1	figs-ellipsis		0	They will not lament for him	In verse 18, Yahweh stops speaking directly to Jehoiakim and begins to speak to other people. Here “lament” refers to grieving at Jehoiakim’s death. Alternate translation: “They will not lament for Jehoiakim when he dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1558	JER	22	18	n6j5	figs-parallelism		0	Woe, my brother!…Woe, my sister!…Woe, master!…Woe, majesty!	Yahweh uses the word “Woe” several times for emphasis. He addresses the various people who would normally show great sadness when someone dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1559	JER	22	19	s435	figs-metaphor		0	He will be buried with a donkey’s burial, dragged away and thrown out	The burial of Jehoiakim is spoken of as being the same as the manner in which people would bury a donkey. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They will bury his dead body the way they would bury a dead donkey; they will drag it away and throw it out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1560	JER	22	20	ggs2			0	General Information:	It appears that Yahweh is here speaking to the people of Jerusalem, telling them that they will be destroyed.
1561	JER	22	20	gv51	figs-idiom		0	Lift your voice	This idiom refers to shouting. In this case, they are crying out in grief. Alternate translation: “Cry out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1562	JER	22	20	ptb6	translate-names		0	Abarim mountains	a mountain range that was southeast of Jerusalem (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1563	JER	22	21	t5yr			0	I spoke to you when you were safe	Alternate translation: “I spoke to you when you were doing well”
1564	JER	22	21	fs7b			0	This was your custom	Alternate translation: “This was your way of life”
1565	JER	22	21	n4fz	figs-metonymy		0	you have not listened to my voice	Listening is a metonym for obeying. Alternate translation: “you have not obeyed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1566	JER	22	22	l2p1	figs-metaphor		0	The wind will shepherd away all your shepherds	This is a wordplay—Yahweh uses the idea of “shepherd” in two different ways. Here “shepherds” is a metaphor for the leaders of Jerusalem, and the wind “leads” them away. The wind represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will take your leaders away as if the wind had blown them away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1567	JER	22	22	m6ua			0	go into captivity	Alternate translation: “become captives” or “go into exile”
1568	JER	22	23	i6fc	figs-metaphor		0	You who live in ‘Lebanon,’ who is nestled in cedar buildings	Yahweh speaks of the royal palace as “Lebanon” and “cedar buildings” because it was constructed with a lot of cedar. Alternate translation: “You who live in a palace made from the cedars of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1569	JER	22	23	n9dg	figs-you		0	You who live	This “You” is singular and refers to the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1570	JER	22	23	x4j2	figs-activepassive		0	how you will be pitied	The meaning of the Hebrew is not clear. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) “they will greatly pity you” or (2) “you will groan greatly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1571	JER	22	23	vfv9	figs-simile		0	when the labor pains come upon you, pain like that of a woman in labor	The pain that the king will feel when his enemies defeat him will be as intense as the pain a woman feels in childbirth. Alternate translation: “when you experience pain as intense as the pain of a woman in childbirth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1572	JER	22	24	lcv6	figs-hypo		0	even if you … were the signet on my right hand	Yahweh speaks to Jehoiachin as if it were possible for him to be the ring on Yahweh’s hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1573	JER	22	24	fu3p	figs-metonymy		0	the signet on my right hand	A signet ring was used by a king to place his seal of authority on documents. The signet ring therefore represents authority to rule. The right hand also represents authority to rule. Alternate translation: “the signet ring on my right hand that represented my authority to be king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1574	JER	22	24	dv7c			0	I would tear you off	Alternate translation: “I would tear you off from my hand” or “I would quickly pull you off of my hand”
1575	JER	22	25	s6ia	figs-activepassive		0	I have given you to the hand of the ones seeking your life	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have made it possible for the ones seeking your life to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1576	JER	22	25	h93i	figs-metonymy		0	to the hand of	Here the metonym “hand” represents power and control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1577	JER	22	25	sr7r	figs-metaphor		0	seeking your life	This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. See how this phrase is translated in [Jeremiah 11:21](../11/21.md). Alternate translation: “trying to kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1578	JER	22	27	cm6e			0	this land to which they will want to return	This refers to the land of Judah.
1579	JER	22	28	clg1			0	Is this a despised and shattered vessel?…did not know?	It is not clear who is speaking in verse 28.
1580	JER	22	28	h3sy	figs-metaphor		0	Is this a despised and shattered vessel? Is this man Jehoiachin a pot that pleases no one?	Jehoiachin is spoken of as a pot that was completely worthless and not liked by anyone. The questions emphasize that he has no value or friends. Alternate translation: “Jehoiachin is as useless as a broken vessel and no one is happy with him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1581	JER	22	28	qal1	figs-rquestion		0	Why have they thrown him and his descendants out, and have poured them out into a land that they did not know?	This rhetorical question explains what will happen to the worthless Jehoiachin. Alternate translation: “Therefore the enemy will remove Jehoiachin and his family from the land and take them to a foreign land.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1582	JER	22	28	vh5v	figs-metaphor		0	have poured them out	Jehoiachin and his descendants are spoke of as if they had been poured out in another country like garbage from a vessel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1583	JER	22	29	ac8x	figs-apostrophe		0	Land, Land, Land	Yahweh speaks his message to all the people of the land by calling out to the land where they live. The title is repeated to call attention to the message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
1584	JER	22	30	ll6p	figs-explicit		0	He will be childless	Jehoiachin has several sons. This phrase, then, means it is as if he was childless. His children will not succeed him as king. Alternate translation: “It will be as if he did not have any children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1585	JER	22	30	h57d	figs-metonymy		0	sit on David’s throne	Sitting on a throne is a metonym for ruling as king. Alternate translation: “become king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1586	JER	23	intro	u767			0		# Jeremiah 23 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 23:5-6, 9-24.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Prophesying lies<br><br>The false prophets had encouraged people to continue sinning by saying everything will be alright. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Wordplay<br><br>In Hebrew, the word for “message” can also mean “burden.” In translations that are using footnotes, you may want to explain the wordplay in a footnote. In translations that are not using footnotes or which will primarily be distributed in an oral form, you may need a sentence like “What message has the Lord burdened you with now?” or “You (plural) call God’s message a heavy burden on you.”
1587	JER	23	1	q9nk	figs-metaphor		0	General Information:	In verses 1-4, Yahweh refers to Israel as his pasture, the people of Israel as his sheep, and the leaders of Israel as the shepherds. Shepherds have a duty to protect the sheep, but the leaders were not doing that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1588	JER	23	1	z9sb	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1589	JER	23	2	hus7	figs-doublet		0	You have scattered my flock and have driven them away	These two phrases have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1590	JER	23	3	n6wn	figs-metaphor		0	to a grazing place	Yahweh refers to the land of Israel as if it were good pasture for his people. This good pasture is a metonym for provision for their needs. Alternate translation: “to good pasture” or “to where all their needs will be supplied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1591	JER	23	3	k44c	figs-doublet		0	they will be fruitful and increase	The word “increase” explains how they will be “fruitful.” Alternate translation: “they will increase greatly in number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1592	JER	23	4	ybw9			0	I will raise up	Alternate translation: “I will appoint”
1593	JER	23	4	t983	figs-doublet		0	they will no longer fear or be shattered	The words “be shattered” mean that someone has caused them to be afraid and mean basically the same thing as “fear.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will make them afraid anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1594	JER	23	4	n8p6			0	None of them	Alternate translation: “None of my people”
1595	JER	23	4	ku28	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1596	JER	23	5	xn4x			0	See	This word alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
1597	JER	23	5	wru3	figs-idiom		0	I will raise up	This idiom means he will appoint a successor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1598	JER	23	5	wi4u	figs-metaphor		0	a righteous branch	This future king descended from David is spoken of as if he were a branch grown on a tree. Alternate translation: “a righteous descendant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1599	JER	23	5	he9a			0	a righteous branch	Some modern versions translate this as “a legitimate successor to the throne.”
1600	JER	23	5	ki8r	figs-abstractnouns		0	cause justice and righteousness in the land	The abstract nouns “justice” and “righteousness” can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “cause people to act justly and rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1601	JER	23	5	k63x	figs-metonymy		0	in the land	Here “land” refers to the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “for all the people in the nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1602	JER	23	6	ls7f	figs-metonymy		0	Judah will be rescued	Here “Judah” refers to the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah will be rescued” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1603	JER	23	6	cl3x	figs-activepassive		0	Judah will be rescued	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will rescue Judah from their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1604	JER	23	6	y7s1	figs-metonymy		0	Israel will live in security	Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel will live in security” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1605	JER	23	6	b9n9			0	he will be called	this refers to the king
1606	JER	23	6	tg6a	figs-abstractnouns		0	Yahweh is our righteousness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, the one who does what is right for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1607	JER	23	7	kss4			0	General Information:	This verse is very similar to [Jeremiah 16:14](../16/14.md), although not exactly the same. Compare how you translated that verse.
1608	JER	23	7	t4jx			0	see	The word “see” here alerts the reader to pay attention to the important information that follows.
1609	JER	23	7	xb5a	figs-idiom		0	As Yahweh lives	“as surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1610	JER	23	8	d1ds			0	General Information:	This verse is very similar to [Jeremiah 16:15](../16/15.md), although not exactly the same. Compare how you translated that verse.
1611	JER	23	8	yqm5	figs-doublet		0	who brought up and who led back	These two phrases mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “who brought back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1612	JER	23	8	e2wl	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1613	JER	23	8	eqs7			0	the northern land and all the lands where they had been driven	This refers to the way the northern ten tribes of Israel were captured and spread out among the surrounding countries.
1614	JER	23	8	c7iz	figs-explicit		0	Then they will live in their own land	This refers to Israel, from where they were scattered. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then they will live in their own land again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1615	JER	23	9	j7qj			0	General Information:	In verses 9-32 Jeremiah delivers Yahweh’s message to the false prophets and the priests. Jeremiah is speaking in verse 9, but it is not clear if verse 10 are the words of Jeremiah or of Yahweh.
1616	JER	23	9	f11c	figs-metonymy		0	Regarding the prophets, my heart is broken in me, and all of my bones tremble	The prophet speaks of his heart being broken and his bones trembling because he is afraid of the judgment that will result from the lies of the false prophets. Alternate translation: “I have great fear for what will happen because of the false prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1617	JER	23	9	lb5c	figs-idiom		0	my heart is broken in me	This idiom refers to deep sadness. Alternate translation: “I am very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1618	JER	23	9	g6mk	figs-metonymy		0	all of my bones tremble	Here trembling is associated with fear. Alternate translation: “I am very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1619	JER	23	9	a63q	figs-simile		0	I have become like a drunk man, like a man whom wine has overpowered	People who are drunk are not able to control themselves. Likewise, Jeremiah has lost control of himself out of fear of Yahweh’s punishment. Alternate translation: “I am like a drunk man; I cannot control myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1620	JER	23	10	v7jt	figs-hyperbole		0	the land is full of adulterers	The land is spoken of as if it were a container and the adulterers were objects that filled the container completely. That is, everyone in the land is an adulterer, which in turn is an exaggeration for very many people being adulterers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1621	JER	23	10	pz91	figs-metaphor		0	adulterers	This word here probably has two senses. It has the literal meaning that the men in the nation had committed adultery against their own wives, and it also has the figurative meaning that they had abandoned Yahweh in order to worship idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1622	JER	23	10	t6w1			0	the land is dried up	Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew phrase as “the land mourns.”
1623	JER	23	10	u1vx	figs-metaphor		0	These prophets’ paths are wicked	The wicked actions of the false prophets are spoken of as if they were walking on an evil path. Alternate translation: “These prophets are doing things that are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1624	JER	23	11	g5xv			0	Connecting Statement:	Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
1625	JER	23	11	pq1v	figs-metaphor		0	the prophets and the priests are polluted	The prophets and priests are defiled by sin in the same way that water can be polluted by filth. Alternate translation: “the prophets and the priests are sinful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1626	JER	23	12	fgb1	figs-simile		0	their way will be like a slippery place in the darkness	The danger of their actions is spoken of as if they were about to fall off the slippery edge of a cliff in the dark and injure themselves. Alternate translation: “there actions are unstable and dangerous, like walking on a slippery place in the darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1627	JER	23	12	cdv6	figs-metaphor		0	I will send disaster against them	Yahweh speaks of disaster as an enemy that he will send to attack the priests and false prophets. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to experience disaster” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1628	JER	23	13	q2w8			0	Connecting Statement:	Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
1629	JER	23	13	sqi5	figs-metaphor		0	led my people Israel astray	The deception of the people by the false prophets is spoken of as leading them down the wrong path. Alternate translation: “deceived my people, the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1630	JER	23	14	kpq8			0	They commit adultery	This could mean: (1) they were literally unfaithful to their wives or (2) their worship of other gods is spoken of as spiritual adultery.
1631	JER	23	14	gu9j	figs-idiom		0	walk in deceit	This idiom means they lived a life of deceit. Alternate translation: “live in dishonesty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1632	JER	23	14	v93v	figs-synecdoche		0	They strengthen the hands of evildoers	Here “hands” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “They strengthen those who do evil” or “They encourage people who do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1633	JER	23	14	hf5u			0	no one turns back from his evildoing	This can be state in positive form. Alternate translation: “everyone continues in their sin”
1634	JER	23	14	cc8r	figs-simile		0	All of them have become like Sodom … like Gomorrah	Sodom and Gomorrah were cities that were so wicked that God destroyed them with fire from heaven. Alternate translation: “They all became as evil as Sodom … as wicked as Gomorrah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1635	JER	23	15	t5fw			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
1636	JER	23	15	cv5x			0	Look	The word “look” here alerts the reader to pay attention to the important information that follows.
1637	JER	23	15	ug5g	figs-metaphor		0	I am about to make them eat wormwood and drink poisonous water	Wormwood is a plant that is very bitter and unpleasant to eat. This phrase describes the punishment that Yahweh was going to bring about on the evil prophets. In the same way wormwood was bitter and the water was poisonous, so would Yaweh’s judgment be on the evil prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1638	JER	23	15	wjd4			0	I am about to	Alternate translation: “I will soon”
1639	JER	23	15	zxk6	figs-metaphor		0	pollution has gone out from the prophets	Here the evil teaching of the priests and false prophets is spoken of as if it were something filthy that ruined the land. Alternate translation: “evil has come from the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1640	JER	23	15	fxa4			0	pollution	dirty and unsafe things that spoil the air, water, or land where they are found
1641	JER	23	16	z212			0	Connecting Statement:	Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
1642	JER	23	16	u2nu			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
1643	JER	23	16	yu7d			0	They have deluded you!	Alternate translation: “The prophets have caused you to believe something that is not true!”
1644	JER	23	16	qzm5	figs-metonymy		0	visions from their own minds	Here “minds” refers to the thoughts of the false prophets. Alternate translation: “visions that they imagined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1645	JER	23	16	nij1	figs-metonymy		0	not from Yahweh’s mouth	Here “mouth” refers to what Yahweh said. Alternate translation: “not what Yahweh said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1646	JER	23	17	e3yb	figs-hyperbole		0	They are constantly saying	The word “constantly” is an exaggeration to emphasize that this is what they normally say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1647	JER	23	17	kg1k	figs-metaphor		0	everyone walking in the stubbornness of his own heart says	Here “heart” refers to their desires. To follow those desires is spoken of as walking in them. Alternate translation: “everyone stubbornly does whatever they desire to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1648	JER	23	17	ww1a			0	Disaster will not come upon you	Alternate translation: “Nothing bad will happen to you”
1649	JER	23	18	rtl1	figs-rquestion		0	Yet who has stood in Yahweh’s council meeting? Who sees and hears his word? Who pays attention to his word and listens?	These questions are used to rebuke the priests and false prophets for not obeying Yahweh. Alternate translation: “No one advises Yahweh. No one understands what Yahweh says. No one obeys Yahweh’s commands.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1650	JER	23	18	crs3			0	pays attention to his word and listens	These two phrases mean the same thing. They can be combined in one phrase. Alternate translation: “obeys his word at all”
1651	JER	23	19	sv8q			0	Connecting Statement:	Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
1652	JER	23	19	b4tl	figs-metaphor		0	there is a storm coming from Yahweh … His fury is going out … a tempest is whirling about	These three phrases all refer to a great storm that is a metaphor for Yahweh’s anger. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s anger is coming like a great storm, going out with fury and whirling like a tempest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1653	JER	23	19	gsy3			0	a tempest	a violent windstorm
1654	JER	23	19	w4qs	figs-metaphor		0	It is whirling around the heads of the wicked	Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if it were a windstorm whirling around the wicked. Alternate translation: “It is coming upon the wicked like a windstorm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1655	JER	23	20	n8pg	figs-personification		0	Yahweh’s wrath will not return until it	Yahweh’s wrath is spoken of as if it were alive and could act on its own. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not stop being angry until he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1656	JER	23	20	p9sd	figs-metonymy		0	carried out and brought into being his heart’s intentions	Here “heart’s intentions” refers to the things that Yahweh wanted to happen. Alternate translation: “completed and accomplished all the punishment that he had planned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1657	JER	23	20	b1p2			0	the final days	Alternate translation: “the future”
1658	JER	23	21	duz4			0	General Information:	Yahweh is the speaker in verses 21-40.
1659	JER	23	21	e2zq			0	Connecting Statement:	Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
1660	JER	23	21	jy71	figs-explicit		0	they have still prophesied	It is understood that they are prophesying falsely. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “they have prophesied falsely anyway” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1661	JER	23	22	nx49	figs-hypo		0	if they had stood in my council meeting	Yahweh states what would have happened if the priests and false prophets had participated in Yahweh’s council meeting in heaven. This hypothetical situation is impossible. Alternate translation: “if they had truly listened to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1662	JER	23	22	kym3			0	my council meeting	In ancient times, God was thought to hold meetings with the angels in heaven. Yahweh is referring to this kind of meeting, which humans could not attend. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 23:18](../23/18.md).
1663	JER	23	22	n2ix	figs-idiom		0	to turn from	This idiom means they would stop doing these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1664	JER	23	23	w171			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
1665	JER	23	23	dpw9	figs-rquestion		0	Am I only a God nearby … and not also a God far away?	Yahweh uses this question to rebuke the priests and false prophets for thinking that he did not rule everywhere. Alternate translation: “I am not only a God who is here in Jerusalem … but I am everywhere!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1666	JER	23	23	ek7y	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1667	JER	23	24	s2d6	figs-rquestion		0	Can anyone hide in a secret place so I cannot see him?	Yahweh uses this question to rebuke the priests and false prophets for thinking that he did not see the evil that they were doing. Alternate translation: “No one can hide in a secret place so I cannot see him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1668	JER	23	24	asa4	figs-rquestion		0	do I not fill the heavens and the earth?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is everywhere in heaven and on earth. Alternate translation: “I am everywhere, both in the heavens and on the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1669	JER	23	25	efh2			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
1670	JER	23	25	z8fx	figs-abstractnouns		0	prophesying deceit	The word “deceit” can be expressed as an adjective or an adverb. Alternate translation: “prophesying deceit things” or “prophesying deceitfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1671	JER	23	25	aqc3	figs-metonymy		0	in my name	This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. See how you translated this phrase in [Jeremiah 14:14](../14/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1672	JER	23	25	ax5f	figs-explicit		0	I had a dream!	They meant that this dream was from God. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I had a dream from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1673	JER	23	26	ud78	figs-rquestion		0	How long will this go on, prophets who prophesy lies from their minds, and who prophesy from the deceit in their hearts?	Yahweh asks this question to emphasize that this is something that should not continue. Alternate translation: “This should not continue, prophets declaring lies which they themselves have made up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1674	JER	23	26	acr3	figs-doublet		0	prophesy lies from their minds … prophesy from the deceit in their hearts	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the false prophets made up their prophesies. Alternate translation: “prophesy things that come only from their own minds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1675	JER	23	27	z1ge	figs-metonymy		0	forget my name … forgot my name	Here the word “name” refers to the whole being of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “forget me … forgot me” or “forget who I am … forgot who I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1676	JER	23	27	ph7r	figs-metonymy		0	in favor of Baal’s name	Here “Baal’s name” refers to the god Baal. Alternate translation: “leading my people to worship Baal instead of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1677	JER	23	28	uu8f			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
1678	JER	23	28	nf21	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1679	JER	23	29	cmi2	figs-rquestion		0	Is not my word like fire?…and like a hammer that shatters a rock into pieces?	Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that his word is much more powerful than the words of mere men. In that way, his word is like fire or a hammer. Alternate translation: “My word is powerful like fire … and powerful like a hammer that shatters a rock into pieces.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1680	JER	23	30	s9jd			0	I am against	Alternate translation: “I am opposed to”
1681	JER	23	30	za3e			0	steals words from another person	This implies that the false prophets are thieves. They are so evil that they take each other’s messages without permission rather than make up their own false messages.
1682	JER	23	31	fj9k			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
1683	JER	23	31	eh6r			0	See	This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention”
1684	JER	23	31	cyr7	figs-metonymy		0	who use their tongues	Here “tongues” is a metonym for the ability to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1685	JER	23	33	a291			0	General Information:	In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible.
1686	JER	23	33	c2ph			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
1687	JER	23	33	rek5	figs-you		0	asks you … you will say	These two instances of “you” are singular and refer to Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1688	JER	23	33	t7eb			0	What is the burden of Yahweh?	Here “burden” means a message or prophecy from Yahweh.
1689	JER	23	33	smx4	figs-you		0	You are the burden … cast you off	These two instances of “you” are plural and refer to the false prophets and the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1690	JER	23	33	gg8m	figs-metaphor		0	You are the burden	Here “burden” means a heavy load. This is a metaphor that means they annoy Yahweh and he no longer wants to put up with them. Alternate translation: “You are a burden that I am tired of carrying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1691	JER	23	33	ct8x	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1692	JER	23	34	dnw7			0	This is the burden of Yahweh	Here “burden” means a message or prophecy from Yahweh.
1693	JER	23	34	zc9i	figs-metonymy		0	his house	Here “house” is a metonym for the family that lives inside it. Alternate translation: “his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1694	JER	23	35	x255			0	General Information:	In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible.
1695	JER	23	35	lj8n			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
1696	JER	23	35	m2dm			0	You continue to say…‘What did Yahweh declare?’	It may be helpful to reorder this sentence. Alternate translation: “Each person continues to ask his neighbor and his brother, ‘What did Yahweh answer?’ and ‘What did Yahweh declare?’”
1697	JER	23	36	c4en			0	But you must no longer talk about the ‘burden of Yahweh,’ for the burden is every man’s own word, and	This could mean: (1) both instances of “burden” mean “message.” Alternate translation: “You must no longer call your visions the ‘burden of Yahweh’ because they are really only every man’s own words, and” or (2) the first ‘burden’ means “message” and the second means “heavy load.” Alternate translation: “You must no longer talk about the ‘message of Yahweh’ because the words that each of you speak are what is a ‘heavy load.’ In this way”
1698	JER	23	36	ppq7			0	you have perverted the words … our God	To “pervert” something is to twist or distort it. Alternate translation: “you have changed the message of the living God, Yahweh of hosts, our God, to say what you want it to say and not what God said”
1699	JER	23	37	ntt4			0	General Information:	In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible.
1700	JER	23	37	pg4g			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh completes his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
1701	JER	23	37	u96b	figs-you		0	This is what you will say	Here “you” is singular and refers to Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1702	JER	23	38	da5b	figs-you		0	But if you say … Because you have said … when I sent to you … You will not say	All of these instances of “you” are plural and refer to the priests and false prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1703	JER	23	39	uyp8			0	therefore, behold	“therefore, pay attention.” This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows.
1704	JER	23	39	w43s	figs-metaphor		0	I am about to pick you up and throw you away from me	Yahweh speaks of sending these priests and false prophets into exile as if they were an object that he was going to throw far away. Alternate translation: “I am about to drive you away from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1705	JER	23	39	u7cv	figs-you		0	pick you up … throw you … I gave you	All of these instances of “you” are plural and refer to the priests and false prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1706	JER	23	39	ad6n			0	the city that I gave you	This refers to Jerusalem.
1707	JER	23	40	bq3w	figs-you		0	insult on you	This instance of “you” is plural and refers to the priests and false prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1708	JER	23	40	t2qe			0	I will put everlasting shame and insult on you that will not be forgotten	“I will cover you with shame that will last forever and insult that you will never forget” or “I will cause people to make fun of you forever. People will never forget that you were disgraced.” Yahweh speaks of the humiliation of the priests and false prophets as if he would put shame and insult on them like clothing.
1709	JER	23	40	p6n8	figs-activepassive		0	that will not be forgotten	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1710	JER	24	intro	fru9			0		# Jeremiah 24 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The exiles are blessed and the others punished<br><br>God will bless the people who were taken away into Babylon but punish the people left in the land because they still did not repent and turn to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
1711	JER	24	1	dy22			0	me	All instances of this pronoun refer to Jeremiah.
1712	JER	24	1	gh4c			0	Behold	The word “Behold” here shows that Jeremiah saw something interesting.
1713	JER	24	1	mx54	writing-background		0	This vision happened … them to Babylon	This part of the story is used to provide historical information to show when the events of the happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1714	JER	24	1	gms2			0	craftsmen	people skilled at building things
1715	JER	24	1	i6yi			0	metalworkers	people skilled at creating things out of metal
1716	JER	24	2	yn27	figs-activepassive		0	they could not be eaten	These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one could eat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1717	JER	24	3	wk1l	figs-activepassive		0	they cannot be eaten	These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one could eat them … no one can eat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1718	JER	24	4	th8u	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to me, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1719	JER	24	5	bn7y	figs-idiom		0	I will look on the exiles of Judah for their benefit	Here “look on” is an idiom that means Yahweh will take care of them. Alternate translation: “I will take good care of the exiles of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1720	JER	24	5	vt5h	figs-simile		0	just like these good figs	The good figs represent those Judean exiles sent to the land of Chaldea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1721	JER	24	6	p9np	figs-metonymy		0	I will set my eyes on them for good	Here “set my eyes” means he will see them. Seeing them is a metonym for caring for them. Alternate translation: “I will bless them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1722	JER	24	6	i7sm	figs-parallelism		0	I will build them up, and not tear them down. I will plant them, and not uproot them	These two metaphors have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. Alternate translation: “I will help them to prosper in Chaldea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1723	JER	24	6	pp2q	figs-metaphor		0	I will build them up, and not tear them down	Yahweh speak of the exiles as a building which Yahweh will build and not tear down. Alternate translation: “I will help them flourish in the land, and not ruin them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1724	JER	24	6	whb1	figs-metaphor		0	I will plant them, and not uproot them	Yahweh speak of the exiles as plants which Yahweh will plant in good soil and not pull out. Alternate translation: “I will establish them in the land, and not remove them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1725	JER	24	9	hi95	figs-doublet		0	I will turn them into a frightening thing, a disaster … a disgrace and a subject for proverbs, taunts, and curses	These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how thoroughly Yahweh will judge the people of Jerusalem. They will become something that will frighten other people when they see it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1726	JER	24	10	f8lu			0	I will send out sword, famine, and plague against them	Alternate translation: “I will kill them with war, famine and sicknesses”
1727	JER	24	10	j4rn	figs-metonymy		0	I will send out sword	Here “sword” refers to war or enemy armies. Alternate translation: “I will send enemy armies” or “I will send out war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1728	JER	24	10	k2as	figs-personification		0	sword, famine, and plague	These things are spoken of as if they were living things that could attack the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1729	JER	24	10	l4fs			0	they are destroyed from the land	Alternate translation: “none of them remain in the land”
1730	JER	25	intro	uf7k			0		# Jeremiah 25 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 25:30-38.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Seventy years<br><br>Babylon will rule over Judah for seventy years. Because Yahweh is just, he will soon punish Babylon for their evil actions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br><br>Jeremiah uses the idiom of drinking the cup of wine of God’s punishment to say that Babylon will destroy all the surrounding nations and then be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1731	JER	25	1	jgw9	figs-idiom		0	This is the word that came to Jeremiah	It is implied that the word that came to Jeremiah was from Yahweh. This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1732	JER	25	1	a9rv	translate-ordinal		0	the fourth … the first	(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1733	JER	25	3	q39g	translate-names		0	Amon	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1734	JER	25	5	nw93	figs-metaphor		0	Let each man turn from his wicked way and the corruption of his practices	Jeremiah speaks of people who stop committing an action as if those people were turning away from that action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1735	JER	25	5	xe34	figs-doublet		0	his wicked way and the corruption of his practices	The terms “wicked way” and “corruption of his practices” mean the same thing and refer to every sinful thing that they do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1736	JER	25	5	jc1p			0	the corruption of his practices	Alternate translation: “his corrupt practices”
1737	JER	25	6	yxs7	figs-metaphor		0	do not walk after other gods	Jeremiah speaks of a person being devoted to a god as if the person were walking behind the god. Alternate translation: “do not become devoted to other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1738	JER	25	6	cgg6	figs-explicit		0	do not provoke him with the work of your hands	The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Here, the phrase **the work of your hands** could mean: (1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh with the idols that you have made” or (2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh by the things that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1739	JER	25	7	fz11	figs-explicit		0	you have provoked me with the work of your hands to do harm to you	See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:6](../25/06.md). Here, the phrase **the work of your hands** could mean: (1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the idols that you have made with your hands” or (2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the things that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1740	JER	25	7	t2s6			0	to do harm to you	Alternate translation: “so that I do harm to you”
1741	JER	25	8	i8m8			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
1742	JER	25	9	rd1n			0	see	Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
1743	JER	25	9	kxv7	figs-idiom		0	bring them against this land	The idiom to “bring … against this land” means that they will attack the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “bring them to attack this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1744	JER	25	9	h39v	figs-idiom		0	I will set them apart for destruction	The idiom “set … apart for destruction” means to destroy something completely. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1745	JER	25	9	h2cj	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will turn them into a horror	The word “horror” may be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I will turn them into something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1746	JER	25	9	e1u4			0	an object for hissing	The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people will hiss”
1747	JER	25	10	nzy3			0	millstones	These are two large, round stones used to grind grain.
1748	JER	25	10	n68f			0	the sound of joy and sound of gladness, the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride	See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:34](../07/34.md).
1749	JER	25	11	zyt1	figs-abstractnouns		0	all of this land will become a desolation and a horror	The words “desolation” and “horror” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I will cause this land to be desolate and something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1750	JER	25	12	m9ye			0	when seventy years have been completed	Alternate translation: “after seventy years” or “after seventy years have passed”
1751	JER	25	12	pua7	figs-abstractnouns		0	an unending desolation	The noun “desolation” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “desolate forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1752	JER	25	13	dbu3	figs-activepassive		0	everything written in this book	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “everything that Jeremiah has written in this book” or “everything that one has written in this book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1753	JER	25	14	tv7d	figs-metaphor		0	I will repay them for their deeds and the works of their hands	Yahweh speaks of punishing the people of the nations for what they have done as if he were paying them back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1754	JER	25	14	l9f2	figs-doublet		0	their deeds and the works of their hands	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The idiom “the works of their hands” refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “everything that they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1755	JER	25	15	uqa7	figs-metaphor		0	Take this cup of the wine of fury	Yahweh speaks of his extreme anger as if it were wine that fills a cup. Alternate translation: “Take this cup of wine that represents my fury” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1756	JER	25	15	nl26	figs-metonymy		0	make all the nations … drink it	The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Yahweh speaks of people experiencing his fury as if they were to drink the wine that is in the cup. Alternate translation: “make all the people of the nations … drink the wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1757	JER	25	16	y8ww	figs-metaphor		0	they will drink and then stagger about and rant madly	Yahweh speaks of the people being terrified about his fury as if they were drunk from drinking the wine from the cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1758	JER	25	16	ftn1	figs-metonymy		0	before the sword that I am sending out among them	Here the word “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “because of the wars that I am causing to happen among them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1759	JER	25	17	ti8x	figs-metaphor		0		This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1760	JER	25	17	h4ut	figs-metonymy		0	I made all the nations … drink it	The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “I made all the people of the nations … drink the wine from the cup” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1761	JER	25	18	a2nm			0	something terrifying	The adjective “terrifying” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “something that terrifies people”
1762	JER	25	18	m6p4			0	an object for hissing and cursing	The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval. Both “hissing” and “cursing” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people hiss and which they curse”
1763	JER	25	18	jbw1			0	they are at this present day	Here, this phrase could mean: (1) refers to the time when the book of Jeremiah was written and some time after Jeremiah had proclaimed this prophecy or (2) means that the things about which Jeremiah prophesies here have already started to happen.
1764	JER	25	19	zv1x	figs-metaphor		0		This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1765	JER	25	19	c8ay	figs-metonymy		0	Other nations also had to drink it	The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “People from other nations also had to drink the wine from the cup” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1766	JER	25	20	lnv5			0	people of mixed heritage	This could mean: (1) people whose ancestors were from different people groups or (2) foreigners who lived in Egypt.
1767	JER	25	20	y7a1	translate-names		0	Uz	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1768	JER	25	22	q9z1	figs-metaphor		0		This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1769	JER	25	22	e275			0	the sea	This is a reference to the Mediterranean Sea.
1770	JER	25	23	ufe5	translate-names		0	Dedan, Tema, and Buz	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1771	JER	25	23	ak9u			0	all the ones who cut the hair on the sides of their heads	This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “all the people who live on the edge of the wilderness.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 9:26](../09/26.md).
1772	JER	25	23	dgh2			0	they also had to drink it	Alternate translation: “they also had to drink the wine from the cup”
1773	JER	25	24	gv4u	figs-metaphor		0		This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1774	JER	25	25	dg7i	translate-names		0	Zimri	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1775	JER	25	26	kn4i	figs-idiom		0	everyone with his brother	This is an idiom that means every person, one after another. Alternate translation: “one after another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1776	JER	25	26	f9h6	figs-metonymy		0	all of them had to drink the cup from Yahweh’s hand	Here “the cup” is a metonym for the wine that it contains. Alternate translation: “all of these people had to drink the wine from the cup in Yahweh’s hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1777	JER	25	27	p9dl	figs-metaphor		0		This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1778	JER	25	27	dq9j			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
1779	JER	25	27	v2lj	figs-metonymy		0	before the sword that I am sending among you	Here the word “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “before the wars that I am causing to happen among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1780	JER	25	29	ut1e	figs-metonymy		0	the city that is called by my name	This refers to Jerusalem and can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the city that I have called by my name” or “Jerusalem, which I have called by my name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1781	JER	25	29	xp4x	figs-rquestion		0	and should you yourselves be free from punishment?	Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people and to emphasize that he will certainly punish them. Alternate translation: “so do not think that you yourselves will be free from punishment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1782	JER	25	29	xg8j	figs-metonymy		0	I am calling a sword against all the inhabitants of the land	Here the word “sword” represents war. Yahweh speaks of declaring war against the people as if he were calling a sword against them. Alternate translation: “I am declaring war against all the inhabitants of the land” or “I am bringing war against all the inhabitants of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1783	JER	25	30	c55r	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh will roar	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh shouting very loudly as if he were roaring like a lion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1784	JER	25	30	l53r	figs-metonymy		0	from the heights	This phrase is a metonym for heaven. Alternate translation: “from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1785	JER	25	30	x8nc	figs-metaphor		0	he will roar mightily against his fold	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as if he were a lion and his people were a flock of sheep. The people will be helpless when Yahweh comes to punish them, as sheep are helpless when a lion attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1786	JER	25	30	ct53			0	those who tread the grapes	This refers to people who crush grapes in a winepress with their feet in order to make wine.
1787	JER	25	31	fjq3	figs-idiom		0	to the ends of the earth	This is an idiom that means the farthest places on the earth. By referencing both ends, it refers to everywhere in between. Alternate translation: “to the farthest places on the earth” or “to everywhere on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1788	JER	25	31	ytv7	figs-metonymy		0	on all flesh	Here the word “flesh” represents humanity. Alternate translation: “on all mankind” or “on all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1789	JER	25	31	luq6	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1790	JER	25	32	gee1			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
1791	JER	25	32	vv51			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1792	JER	25	32	zv4e	figs-personification		0	disaster is going out from nation to nation	Yahweh speaks of great disasters happening in each nation as if “disaster” were a person who goes from nation to nation. Alternate translation: “great disasters are going to happen in one nation after another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1793	JER	25	32	dfh9	figs-metaphor		0	a great storm is beginning from the farthest parts of the earth	Here, this metaphor could mean: (1) Yahweh speaks of Babylonian army and the destruction that it will cause as if it were a great storm or (2) Yahweh speaks of his great anger as if it were a great storm that causes much destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1794	JER	25	33	nd4h	figs-activepassive		0	those killed by Yahweh	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those whom Yahweh killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1795	JER	25	33	zab4	figs-merism		0	will on that day extend from one end of the earth to the other	By mentioning both ends of the earth, this phrase represents everywhere in between those ends. Alternate translation: “will on that day cover the entire earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1796	JER	25	33	gm43	figs-activepassive		0	they will not be mourned, gathered, or buried	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will mourn them, gather them, or bury them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1797	JER	25	33	brq6	figs-simile		0	They will be like dung on the ground	The bodies are compared to dung on the ground to emphasize that they will be disgusting and that no one will bury them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 16:4](../16/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1798	JER	25	34	i7rd	figs-metaphor		0	shepherds	Yahweh speaks of the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who are responsible for protecting and caring for the people, who, implicitly, are spoken of as if they are the sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1799	JER	25	34	tec2	translate-symaction		0	Roll about in the dust	This is a sign of sorrow, mourning or distress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1800	JER	25	34	ufa1	figs-metaphor		0	you leaders of the flock	This phrase also refers to the leaders of Israel who are responsible to care for the people, who are spoken of as if they were a flock of sheep. Alternate translation: “you leaders of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1801	JER	25	34	chn4	figs-irony		0	for the days of your slaughter have come	Usually it is the sheep that are slaughtered, but here Yahweh says that he will slaughter the shepherds. The word “slaughter” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “for the time has come for me to slaughter you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1802	JER	25	34	cj7k	figs-metaphor		0	you will be scattered when you fall like fine pottery	Yahweh speaks of the leaders of Israel being destroyed as if they are pieces of pottery that shatter when they fall to the ground. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will fall like fine pottery and your shattered pieces will scatter on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1803	JER	25	36	taa7	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh is destroying their pastures	Yahweh speaks of the nation in which the leaders think that they live peacefully as if it were the “pastures” in which they care for the sheep (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1804	JER	25	37	n1fc	figs-metaphor		0	So the peaceful pastures will be devastated	Yahweh continues to speak of the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds. Here he speaks of the nation as the “pastures” in which they think they live peacefully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1805	JER	25	37	nz1v	figs-activepassive		0	the peaceful pastures will be devastated because of Yahweh’s fierce anger	This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will devastate the peaceful pastures because of he extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1806	JER	25	38	gc84	figs-metaphor		0	Like a young lion, he has left his den	Yahweh punishing his people in his extreme wrath is spoken of as if Yahweh were a lion who leaves his den in search of prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1807	JER	25	38	tr4c	figs-abstractnouns		0	their land will become a horror	The word “horror” may be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “their land will become something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1808	JER	25	38	ef4f			0	the oppressor’s anger	This refers to the anger of Israel’s enemies.
1809	JER	26	intro	m6jw			0		# Jeremiah 26 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The people want to kill Jeremiah<br><br>The people wanted to kill Jeremiah but other people intervened and said that they should listen to Jeremiah and repent. They represent the remnant of the faithful Jews. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
1810	JER	26	1	hc6c	figs-idiom		0	this word came from Yahweh, saying	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 18:1](../18/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This message came from Yahweh. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1811	JER	26	1	v8wh	figs-explicit		0	this word came from Yahweh, saying	It can be stated clearly who Yahweh gave this message to. Alternate translation: “this word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1812	JER	26	2	f1ff	figs-metaphor		0	cities of Judah	The word “cities” is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “people from the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1813	JER	26	2	aun6			0	Do not cut short any word!	Alternate translation: “Do not leave anything out from what I have told you!”
1814	JER	26	3	x43j	figs-metaphor		0	each man will turn from his wicked ways	Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “each man will stop his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1815	JER	26	3	v13u			0	so I will relent concerning the disaster	This is conditional destruction. If Judah repents, God will not destroy but heal them.
1816	JER	26	3	ig56			0	the wickedness of their practices	Alternate translation: “the wicked way that they live” or “the wicked things that they do”
1817	JER	26	6	vka9	figs-simile		0	then I will make this house like Shiloh	Yahweh had destroyed a place of worship at Shiloh, and he was threatening to destroy this place of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1818	JER	26	6	qd3h	figs-metonymy		0	I will turn this city into a curse	What Yahweh would turn the city into is a metonym for what people would use the city for. Alternate translation: “I will make this city so that people will ask me to destroy others the way I have destroyed this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1819	JER	26	6	w3q2			0	in the sight of all the nations on earth	Alternate translation: “so that all the nations on earth can see me do it”
1820	JER	26	7	id3z			0	Yahweh’s house	the temple
1821	JER	26	8	zr32			0	all the people seized him and said, “You will certainly die!	This could mean: (1) The people chose to believe the lie of false peace and did not want to be confronted with the truth, or (2) the people believed the other prophets proclaiming peace and saw Jeremiah as a false prophet who should be stoned for leading the people astray.
1822	JER	26	9	sb1y	figs-rquestion		0	Why have you prophesied … inhabitant?	This rebuke can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have prophesied … inhabitant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1823	JER	26	10	kp6h			0	the New Gate	the name of the gate through which people went into the temple
1824	JER	26	11	n24j			0	you heard with your own ears	Alternate translation: “you heard”
1825	JER	26	12	m8sc			0	this house and this city	Alternate translation: “the people who worship in Yahweh’s temple and those who live in the city of Jerusalem”
1826	JER	26	13	u7ib	figs-doublet		0	your ways … your practices	These two phrases mean almost the same thing. Alternate translation: “the things you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1827	JER	26	13	u76z	figs-synecdoche		0	listen to the voice of Yahweh	The voice is a synecdoche for the person, and the same word can be translated “listen” or “obey.” Alternate translation: “obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1828	JER	26	14	kr6k	figs-doublet		0	Do to me what is good and right in your eyes	The words “good” and “right” mean the same thing. The eye is a metonym for the person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “Do to me whatever you think is the right thing to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1829	JER	26	15	r93l	figs-metonymy		0	you are bringing innocent blood on yourselves and on this city and its inhabitants	Blood is a metonym for violent death, and to bring blood on someone is to make them guilty of violent death. Alternate translation: “you are making yourselves and this city and its inhabitants guilty of the violent death of an innocent person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1830	JER	26	15	cu9w	figs-doublet		0	this city and its inhabitants	These are two ways of speaking of the same people, perhaps first as a group and then as individuals. The city is a metonym for the people in the city. Alternate translation: “all the people in the city and every one of the people who live here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1831	JER	26	15	mi1q	figs-metonymy		0	for your ears	The ear is a metonym for what the ear hears. Alternate translation: “for you to hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1832	JER	26	16	jf98	figs-metonymy		0	in the name of Yahweh our God	The person’s name is a metonym for his authority. Alternate translation: “with the authority of Yahweh our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1833	JER	26	18	z8nb	translate-names		0	General Information:	See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]
1834	JER	26	18	t6dn			0	Morashite	a person from the town or region of Moresheth
1835	JER	26	18	az6u			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
1836	JER	26	18	pi1j	figs-metaphor		0	Zion will become a plowed field … and the hill of the temple will become a thicket	“Zion” and “the hill of the temple” refer to the same place. When a farmer plows a field, he turns over all the dirt and uproots all the plants that are growing there. A thicket is so full of bushes that no one can use it for anything. These two metaphors cannot be literally true at the same time, but they emphasize that Yahweh will allow the invaders to completely destroy the temple area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1837	JER	26	19	qp3q	figs-rquestion		0	Did Hezekiah … put him to death?	The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. Alternate translation: “You know very well that Hezekiah … did not put him to death.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1838	JER	26	19	pa6c	figs-metonymy		0	all of Judah	The land is a metonym for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1839	JER	26	19	vxq8			0	Did he not fear Yahweh and appease the face of Yahweh … them?	The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. Alternate translation: “You know very well that he feared Yahweh and appeased the face of Yahweh so that Yahweh … them.”
1840	JER	26	19	gxw9	figs-synecdoche		0	appease the face of Yahweh	The face is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “cause Yahweh to be less angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1841	JER	26	19	fc9w	figs-rquestion		0	So will we do greater evil against our own lives?	The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. The word “lives” is a metonym for the people. Alternate translation: “If we kill Jeremiah, we will do greater evil against our own lives.” or “We do not want to do worse things to ourselves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1842	JER	26	20	vwh1			0	Connecting Statement:	Jeremiah stops telling about his own life and begins telling about what happened to another prophet.
1843	JER	26	20	lp4c			0	Meanwhile there was	Alternate translation: “While what I was just telling you about was happening, there was”
1844	JER	26	20	dij2	figs-metonymy		0	prophesied against this city and this land	The words “city” and “land” are metonyms for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “prophesied that bad things would happen to the people who lived in this city and this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1845	JER	26	21	m5dp			0	heard his word	Alternate translation: “heard what he said”
1846	JER	26	22	pux5			0	Connecting Statement:	This is the end of the story of Uriah.
1847	JER	26	22	q88r	translate-names		0	Elnathan … Akbor	men’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1848	JER	26	23	dgv1			0	corpse	dead body
1849	JER	26	24	d2pc	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of Ahikam … was with Jeremiah	The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. Ahikam was not a soldier, so he probably was able to talk to people and change their minds. Alternate translation: “Ahikam … was able to help Jeremiah” or “Ahikam … was able to keep the people from harming Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1850	JER	26	24	t71n	translate-names		0	Ahikam … Shaphan	men’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1851	JER	26	24	y6jk	figs-metonymy		0	he was not given into the hand of the people to be put to death	The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Ahikam did not allow the people to have the power to put Jeremiah to death” or “the people could not kill Jeremiah because Ahikam did not give them the power to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1852	JER	27	intro	ka54			0		# Jeremiah 27 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The nations should serve Babylon<br><br>Jeremiah told the king of Judah, and all the surrounding nations, to serve the Babylonians and live in their land. If they refused, Babylon would take them as captives to another land.
1853	JER	27	2	w3cz			0	fetters	things that keep a person from moving freely
1854	JER	27	3	ak1w			0	Then send them out	This seems to mean that Jeremiah was to send a set of fetters and yoke to each king listed. But some versions of the Bible translate this as “Then send out messages.”
1855	JER	27	3	tkx8	figs-synecdoche		0	Send them by the hand of those kings’ ambassadors who … Judah	The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “Have those kings’ ambassadors, who … Judah, take them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1856	JER	27	4	tqe7			0	Give commands to them for their masters	Jeremiah was instructed to give a set of chains and yoke to each ambassador and a message for each king regarding the chains and yoke.
1857	JER	27	4	ujr8			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
1858	JER	27	5	si5k	figs-idiom		0	by my great strength and my raised arm	The phrase “raised arm” refers to great power and intensifies the first phrase. Alternate translation: “by my very great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1859	JER	27	5	yla5			0	I give it to anyone who is right in my eyes	Another possible meaning is “I give it to anyone I want to.”
1860	JER	27	6	p2p5	figs-metonymy		0	I … am giving all these lands into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar … servant	The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises, and the word “lands” is a metonym for the people who live in those lands. Alternate translation: “I … am putting the people who live in all these lands under the power of Nebuchadnezzar … servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1861	JER	27	7	j598	figs-explicit		0	the time for his land comes	You may need to make explicit the nature of the time. Alternate translation: “the time for me to destroy his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1862	JER	27	7	q3bv	figs-metonymy		0	subdue him	Here “him” refers to Nebuchadnezzar who represents the kingdom of Babylon. Alternate translation: “will defeat Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1863	JER	27	8	p98j	figs-metaphor		0	that does not put its neck under the yoke of the king	Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal on to the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. Alternate translation: “and whose people do not willingly become slaves of the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1864	JER	27	8	e21c	figs-metonymy		0	I have destroyed it by his hand	The hand here could be a metonym for Nebuchadnezzar’s power, or it could be a metonym for Nebuchadnezzar’s armies. Alternate translation: “I have used Nebuchadnezzar’s power to destroy it” or “I have enabled Nebuchadnezzar’s armies to destroy i” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1865	JER	27	9	vwe7			0	soothsayers	people who say what will happen in the future
1866	JER	27	11	l1up	figs-metaphor		0	the nation that places its neck under the yoke of the king	Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal onto the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 27:8](../27/08.md). Alternate translation: “the nation whose people willingly becomes slaves of the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1867	JER	27	11	hi97			0	the nation that places	The nation here is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “the nation of people who place”
1868	JER	27	11	w1tr			0	cultivate	This means to prepare and use land to grow food crops
1869	JER	27	11	eq6b			0	make their homes in it	Alternate translation: “make their homes in their own land”
1870	JER	27	12	s392			0	Place your necks under the yoke of the king of Babylon	Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal onto the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. See how similar words were translated in [Jeremiah 27:8](../27/08.md).
1871	JER	27	12	gls2	figs-you		0	Place your necks	The word “your” refers to Zedekiah and the people of Judah and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1872	JER	27	13	dl31	figs-rquestion		0	Why will you die … king of Babylon?	Jeremiah uses this question to warn the king that his actions will lead to his death. Alternate translation: “For if you do not do this, you will surely die … king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1873	JER	27	14	dre5			0	Do not listen to the words	Yahweh is warning the people about all the false prophets that he did not send and that are lying to them.
1874	JER	27	15	xb8h	figs-metonymy		0	they are prophesying deceit in my name	The phrase “in my name” represents speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. Here these prophets claim that they received their message from Yahweh, but that had not. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **deceit**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “deceiving.” Alternate translation: “they say they are speaking for me when they prophesy, but they are deceiving you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1875	JER	27	15	qnt1			0	I will drive you out	Alternate translation: “I will force you to leave your home country”
1876	JER	27	16	cbz7	figs-activepassive		0	The objects belonging to Yahweh’s house are being returned from Babylon now!	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People are bringing back all the gold items that they took from Yahweh’s temple!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1877	JER	27	17	sk8y	figs-rquestion		0	Why should this city become a ruin?	Yahweh uses a question to warn the people. Alternate translation: “You can keep this city from becoming a ruin if you do what Yahweh wants you to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1878	JER	27	18	a925	figs-hypo		0	If they are prophets, and if the word of Yahweh has truly come to them, let them beg	This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh knows is not true. Alternate translation: “If they were prophets, and if the word of Yahweh had truly come to them, they would beg” or “Because they are not prophets and the word of Yahweh has not truly come to them, they will not beg” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1879	JER	27	18	p374			0	if the word of Yahweh has truly come to them	The phrase “word of Yahweh” refers to messages from God. Alternate translation: “if Yahweh has truly given them messages” or “if Yahweh truly spoke messages to them”
1880	JER	27	18	tay8	figs-123person		0	the word of Yahweh … beg Yahweh of hosts not	Yahweh is speaking of himself in third person. Alternate translation: “my word … be me, Yahweh of hosts, not” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1881	JER	27	18	ej1m			0	the house of the king of Judah	The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace where the king lived. Alternate translation: “the palace of the king of Judah”
1882	JER	27	19	sly4			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
1883	JER	27	19	mv9m			0	the pillars, the large basin known as “The Sea” and its base	These were objects that were in the temple. “The Sea” was a large bronze bowl.
1884	JER	27	20	x7ff			0	Jehoiachin	The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
1885	JER	27	21	x7vp			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
1886	JER	27	21	trv4			0	the house of the king of Judah	The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace there the king lived. Alternate translation: “the palace of the king of Judah”
1887	JER	27	22	s56l	figs-activepassive		0	They will be brought to Babylon	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will bring them to Babylon” or “I will bring them to Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1888	JER	27	22	au73	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1889	JER	27	22	jjc7			0	I will bring them up	The reader should understand that Yahweh will have people carry them up.
1890	JER	28	intro	r9mb			0		# Jeremiah 28 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### False prophecies continue<br><br>A false prophet prophesied that the captives would return from Babylon with all the temple vessels. Jeremiah told the false prophet that he would die that year for prophesying lies, and he did die. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
1891	JER	28	1	eue8			0	General Information:	Hananiah claims to speak for God.
1892	JER	28	1	uk8e	translate-hebrewmonths		0	in the fourth year and the fifth month	This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. This was after Zedekiah had been king for three years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1893	JER	28	1	i5s1	translate-names		0	Azzur	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1894	JER	28	2	nwh3			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
1895	JER	28	2	aar4	figs-metaphor		0	I have broken the yoke imposed by the king of Babylon	Hananaiah speaks of the people being in slavery as if they were oxen on which the Babylonians had put yokes to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I have made it so you are no longer slaves of the king of Babylon” or “I have set you free from slavery to the king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1896	JER	28	4	p8wn			0	Jehoiachin	The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
1897	JER	28	4	g5wx	figs-activepassive		0	who were sent	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom I sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1898	JER	28	6	jm3q			0	May Yahweh confirm the words that you prophesied	Alternate translation: “May Yahweh prove you have prophesied truly”
1899	JER	28	8	kgg7			0	The prophets who existed before me and you from long ago	Alternate translation: “The prophets who lived long ago before you and I”
1900	JER	28	9	v7cm	figs-activepassive		0	then it will be known that he is indeed a prophet sent out by Yahweh	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “then you will know that he is indeed a true prophet and that Yahweh has sent him out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1901	JER	28	11	ski8			0	Just like this	Alternate translation: “Just as Hananiah has taken the yoke off Jeremiah’s neck”
1902	JER	28	11	aj19	figs-metaphor		0	I will break from off the neck of every nation the yoke imposed by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon	Hananaiah speaks of the people being in slavery as if they were oxen on which the Babylonians had put yokes to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I will make it so all nations are no longer slaves of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” or “I will set every nation free from slavery to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1903	JER	28	11	u45s	figs-metonymy		0	every nation	The word “nation” is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “the people of every nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1904	JER	28	11	dg28	figs-activepassive		0	the yoke imposed by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the yoke that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has imposed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1905	JER	28	11	ahp8			0	imposed	put on people
1906	JER	28	12	qez4	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1907	JER	28	13	k1s2			0	You broke a yoke of wood, but I will make instead a yoke of iron	Alternate translation: “You broke a weak yoke, but I will replace it with a yoke that you cannot break”
1908	JER	28	14	u3bq			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
1909	JER	28	14	y7rs	figs-metaphor		0	I have placed a yoke of iron on the neck of all of these nations to serve Nebuchadnezzar	Yahweh speaks of making nations to be slaves of Nebuchadnezzar as if he were putting yokes on oxen to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I have made all of these nations slaves, and they will have to serve Nebuchadnezzar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1910	JER	28	16	mdf5	figs-123person		0	you proclaimed rebellion against Yahweh	It is not clear why Yahweh speaks of himself by name. Alternate translation: “you urged people to rebel against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1911	JER	28	17	gp9j	translate-hebrewmonths		0	In the seventh month	This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1912	JER	29	intro	l6ne			0		# Jeremiah 29 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Two letters<br><br>Jeremiah sent a letter to Babylon telling the exiles to prepare for a long stay. A false prophet in Babylon wrote back to the chief priest telling him to punish Jeremiah. Even though Jeremiah had prophesied the exile, the Jews still did not believe him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])
1913	JER	29	1	j1gt			0	sent out from Jerusalem	Alternate translation: “proclaimed from Jerusalem”
1914	JER	29	1	kv6v			0	remaining elders	Alternate translation: “elders who were still alive”
1915	JER	29	2	ici1			0	Jehoiachin	The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
1916	JER	29	2	lph9			0	the queen mother	the king’s mother
1917	JER	29	2	dd2l			0	high officials	Alternate translation: “very important officials”
1918	JER	29	3	jx8m	figs-synecdoche		0	by the hand of Elasah	Jeremiah gave the scroll to Elasah so that Elasah could take it to Babylon. The reader should understand that Elasah probably put the scroll in a container to keep it safe as he traveled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1919	JER	29	3	c79u	translate-names		0	Elasah … Shapan … Gemariah … Hilkiah	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1920	JER	29	4	wj14			0	Yahweh of hosts, God of Israel, says this to all the captives	When people wrote letters in that society, they would write their name first, then the name of the person to whom they were writing, and then the main part of the letter. Yahweh speaks of himself by name as if he were writing the letter himself.
1921	JER	29	4	zdg1			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
1922	JER	29	5	b9h6	figs-explicit		0	Build houses and live in them. Plant gardens and eat their fruit	Yahweh is telling them they will be there for a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1923	JER	29	6	x2ss			0	take wives for your sons, and give your daughters to husbands	Parents commonly arranged their children’s marriages.
1924	JER	29	7	e28z	figs-metonymy		0	Seek the peace of the city	The peace of the city is a metonym for the people living in peace. Alternate translation: “Do everything you can so the people of the city live in peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1925	JER	29	7	y2ms			0	the city … its behalf … it is at peace	These words refer to the city of Babylon.
1926	JER	29	8	ty27			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
1927	JER	29	8	uw13			0	you yourselves are having	Another possible meaning is “you are encouraging the prophets to have for you.”
1928	JER	29	9	k591			0	they are prophesying deceitfully … I did not send them	This could mean: (1) these words refer to the prophets and diviners, not to the dreams or (2) “they are prophesying deceitfully” refers to the dreams, and “I did not send them” refers to the prophets and diviners.
1929	JER	29	9	dl19	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1930	JER	29	10	j5jj			0	you	the captive Israelites
1931	JER	29	10	f7ht	translate-numbers		0	seventy years	“70 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1932	JER	29	12	t5ie	figs-metonymy		0	you will call to me	Praying is spoken of as calling out with a loud voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1933	JER	29	12	chj7	figs-explicit		0	I will listen to you	This implies that Yahweh will give them what they want. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1934	JER	29	13	t4q8	figs-metonymy		0	you will seek me	Wanting to know what Yahweh requires is spoken of as trying to find where Yahweh is. Alternate translation: “you will want to do what I require you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1935	JER	29	13	w17i			0	you will seek me with all your heart	Alternate translation: “you will be completely sincere when you seek me”
1936	JER	29	14	wng6			0	I will bring back your fortunes	Alternate translation: “I will cause things to go well for you again” or “I will cause you to live well again”
1937	JER	29	14	e84g	figs-activepassive		0	I caused you to be exiled	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I sent you into exile” or “I sent you to be exiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1938	JER	29	15	mq78			0	General Information:	Jeremiah speaks to the captive Israelites.
1939	JER	29	16	nxs3	figs-metonymy		0	the king who sits on the throne of David	Sitting on the throne is a metonym for ruling as king. Alternate translation: “the king who rules the Israelites as David did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1940	JER	29	17	v7vj			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
1941	JER	29	17	c4i2			0	See	This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention”
1942	JER	29	17	u8ah	figs-metonymy		0	I am about to send sword, famine, and disease on them	The word “sword” is a metonym for war. The sword, famine, and disease are spoken of as people who can obey Yahweh’s command to harm the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I am going to punish them by having them die in war, from hunger, and from illness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1943	JER	29	17	u3lc	figs-simile		0	For I will make them like rotten figs that are too bad to be eaten	Rotten figs are useless because they cannot be eaten, and Yahweh sees no use for the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1944	JER	29	18	pv3g			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Israel.
1945	JER	29	18	c9s9			0	a horror, an object of curses and hissing, and a shameful thing	These words all share similar meanings and describe how the people of other nations will react when they see what Yahweh has done to the people of Judah.
1946	JER	29	18	m2u4			0	hissing	the sound people make when they disapprove of something
1947	JER	29	19	xg4e	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1948	JER	29	20	n6ah			0	So you yourselves listen	Yahweh is now about to issue a command and wants them to pay attention. Alternate translation: “But as for you, listen carefully”
1949	JER	29	21	hg4m	translate-names		0	Kolaiah … Maaseiah	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1950	JER	29	21	li6x	figs-metonymy		0	who prophesy falsely to you in my name	Here “name” is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “liars who tell you that they are speaking my words to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1951	JER	29	21	rtz1			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1952	JER	29	21	nlw5	figs-metonymy		0	I am about to put them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon	Here “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “I will allow Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon to conquer them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1953	JER	29	21	rp45			0	before your eyes	Alternate translation: “where you can see him do it”
1954	JER	29	22	bu5e	figs-activepassive		0	a curse will be spoken about these persons by all the captives of Judah in Babylon	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the captives of Judah in Babylon will say a curse about these persons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1955	JER	29	22	d1hq	figs-euphemism		0	roasted	This word usually refers to cooking food over an open fire or in a pan, not to burning completely. This could mean: (1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “burned to death” or (2) the king’s men attached them to poles over the fire close enough that the fire would slowly kill them but far enough away that it would not totally consume their bodies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1956	JER	29	23	siu5	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1957	JER	29	24	b1e4	translate-names		0	Shemaiah	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1958	JER	29	24	zl7z	translate-names		0	Nehelamite	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1959	JER	29	25	l5qk			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
1960	JER	29	25	atv3	figs-metonymy		0	in your own name	The word “name” refers to a person’s authority and reputation. Alternate translation: “based on your own authority and reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1961	JER	29	25	p62k	translate-names		0	Maaseiah	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1962	JER	29	26	x2p7	translate-names		0	Jehoiada	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1963	JER	29	26	bf8u			0	stocks	a wooden frame that holds the feet, hands, or head of a person whom someone is punishing
1964	JER	29	27	z9tj			0	General Information:	This finishes the letter by Shemaiah that he sent out to the people in Jerusalem.
1965	JER	29	27	p5f5	figs-rquestion		0	why have you not rebuked Jeremiah of Anathoth … against you?	Shemaiah uses a rhetorical question to scold the people of Jerusalem for not rebuking Jeremiah. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I want you to rebuke Jeremiah of Anathoth … against you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1966	JER	29	28	v7fm	figs-explicit		0	he has sent to us	You may need to make explicit what it was that Jeremiah sent. Alternate translation: “he has sent a message to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1967	JER	29	28	v3zf			0	Build houses and live in them, and plant gardens and eat their fruit	See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:5](../29/05.md).
1968	JER	29	29	vih2			0	in the hearing of Jeremiah the prophet	“so that Jeremiah the prophet could hear him read it.” See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
1969	JER	29	30	z78k	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1970	JER	29	31	ysp9			0	Shemaiah the Nehelamite	See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 29:24](../29/24.md).
1971	JER	29	32	h1dk	figs-nominaladj		0	the good	This can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1972	JER	29	32	q7ck	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1973	JER	29	32	bs4i	figs-123person		0	he has proclaimed rebellion against Yahweh	It is not clear why Yahweh speaks of himself by name. Alternate translation: “he has urged people to rebel against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1974	JER	30	intro	pf1y			0		# Jeremiah 30 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:5-24.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God promises restoration<br><br>Despite the prophesied punishment in this chapter, Yahweh promises to restore Judah. In addition to this, he also declares that he will ultimately restore Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>The author uses the term “Israel” in two different ways. He uses it in reference to the nation of Israel. He also uses it in reference to the people who used to inhabit the northern kingdom of Israel, namely the people group of Israel.
1975	JER	30	1	f64q	figs-idiom		0	The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1976	JER	30	3	iwm1			0	For look	“For listen carefully.” This phrase brings attention to what Yahweh is going to say next.
1977	JER	30	3	s2us	figs-metaphor		0	days are coming … when I will restore the fortunes	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will restore the fortunes” or “there will be a time … when I will restore the fortunes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1978	JER	30	3	db1t	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1979	JER	30	3	xt2s			0	I will restore the fortunes of my people, Israel and Judah	“I will cause things to go well for my people, Israel and Judah, again” or “I will cause my people, Israel and Judah, to live well again.” See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
1980	JER	30	4	m5dx	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1981	JER	30	5	l2xq			0	We have heard	This could mean: (1) that these are the words of Yahweh referring to himself as “we.” Alternate translation: “I have heard” or (2) that these are the words of the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “You people of Jerusalem say, ‘We have heard”
1982	JER	30	5	mej1			0	a trembling voice of dread and not of peace	This could mean: (1) “people cry out in dread because there is no peace” or (2) “you cry out in dread because there is no peace.”
1983	JER	30	6	br85			0	Ask and see if a man bears a child	Alternate translation: “You know that no man has ever given birth to a child”
1984	JER	30	6	t7ik	figs-simile		0	Why do I see every young man with his hand on his loins like a woman bearing a child? Why have all their faces become pale?	A woman about to give birth is in great pain and unable to do anything. The young men are so frightened that their bodies hurt, and they are unable to fight. Alternate translation: “The young men are holding their bellies like a woman giving birth; they all look sick because they are so afraid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1985	JER	30	7	uva8	figs-metonymy		0	for Jacob, but he will be rescued from it	The name Jacob is a metonym for the man’s descendants. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the descendants of Jacob, but I will rescue them from it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1986	JER	30	8	h8gt	figs-metaphor		0	I will break the yoke off your neck, and I will shatter your chains	Being a slave is spoken of as wearing a yoke like an animal and wearing chains like a prisoner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1987	JER	30	9	zlx4	figs-123person		0	they will worship Yahweh their God … their king … over them	Yahweh continues speaking about the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “you will worship Yahweh your God … your king … over you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1988	JER	30	9	qp76	figs-metonymy		0	David their king	This is a metonym for one of David’s descendants. Alternate translation: “a man descended from their King David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1989	JER	30	10	ff1b	figs-metonymy		0	my servant Jacob … Israel	“Jacob” and “Israel” are the two names of the ancestor of the Israelites, and these names are metonyms for the Israelites. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob … you Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1990	JER	30	10	ldb9	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1991	JER	30	10	gri4			0	do not be dismayed	Alternate translation: “do not be discouraged”
1992	JER	30	10	anv7			0	For see, I am	Alternate translation: “Listen carefully while I tell you why: I am”
1993	JER	30	10	t49p	figs-abstractnouns		0	from the land of captivity	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **captivity**, you could express the same idea with the noun “captive.” Alternate translation: “from the place where they were captives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1994	JER	30	10	zir5	figs-metonymy		0	Jacob will return … he will be secure	Jacob’s name is a metonym for his descendants. Yahweh speaks to Jacob as if he were speaking to another person. You may need to make explicit to where Jacob will return. Alternate translation: “Jacob will return to his own land … he will be secure” or “The descendants of Jacob will return … they will be secure” or “You descendants of Jacob will return … you will be secure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1995	JER	30	10	f2gl			0	secure	Alternate translation: “safe”
1996	JER	30	11	e618			0	where I have scattered you	Alternate translation: “where I have sent you”
1997	JER	30	11	zng1	figs-euphemism		0	But I will certainly not put an end to you	“But I will not completely destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1998	JER	30	11	r6x7	figs-doublenegatives		0	will certainly not leave you unpunished	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “will certainly punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1999	JER	30	12	fs7f	figs-metaphor		0	Your injury is incurable; your wound is infected	This means that Yahweh has punished them so severely that there is no one who can help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2000	JER	30	13	k22x			0	There is no one to plead your case	Alternate translation: “There is no one who asks me to show you mercy”
2001	JER	30	13	bxy1	figs-metaphor		0	no one to plead your case … no remedy for your wound	Yahweh has punished them so severely that there is no one who can help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2002	JER	30	14	v4ha	figs-metaphor		0	All of your lovers	Yahweh describes the people of Israel as an unfaithful wife who takes lovers other than her husband. Here “lovers” refers to other nations. The Israelites allied with them and worshiped their gods instead of relying on Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2003	JER	30	14	a26m			0	They will not look for you	Alternate translation: “They no longer want to be your friends”
2004	JER	30	14	rir2	figs-metaphor		0	I have wounded you with the wound of an enemy	Yahweh has treated his people like he would treat his enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2005	JER	30	14	b768	figs-metaphor		0	the discipline of a cruel master	Yahweh has treated his people like a cruel master would treat a rebellious slave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2006	JER	30	14	m2nq			0	your innumerable sins	Alternate translation: “your sins, which are too many to count”
2007	JER	30	15	q12y	figs-rquestion		0	Why do you call for help for your injury?	Yahweh asks a question here to make the people think about why they are asking him for help now. Alternate translation: “You are calling for help for your injury because you have disobeyed me.” or “Do not call for help for your injury.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2008	JER	30	16	d7ma	figs-metaphor		0	So everyone who consumes you will be consumed	Destroying the nation is spoken of as consuming or eating it. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So those who destroy you, their enemies will destroy them” or “So I will destroy everyone who destroys you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2009	JER	30	16	a2ze			0	have plundered … plunder	To plunder is to steal from peaceful people using violence, and plunder is what people steal.
2010	JER	30	16	i8dj			0	despoiling … spoil	To despoil here is to take items from an enemy one has defeated, and the items one takes are the spoil.
2011	JER	30	17	xdt5			0	healing … wounds	See how you translated these words in [Jeremiah 30:12](../30/12.md).
2012	JER	30	17	wi66	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2013	JER	30	17	bdr3			0	they called you: Outcast	An outcast is a person whom other people do not accept or allow to associate with them. Alternate translation: “they called you: Rejected” or “they said, ‘Nobody wants you’”
2014	JER	30	17	sg4l	figs-metonymy		0	No one cares for this Zion	The place name “Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in Zion. Alternate translation: “No one cares about the people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2015	JER	30	18	bcm3			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
2016	JER	30	18	q3jx	figs-metonymy		0	I am about to bring back the fortunes of Jacob’s tents and have compassion on his homes	The places where people live are metonyms for the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “I am about bring back the fortunes of the descendants of Jacob, and I will have compassion on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2017	JER	30	18	c7w1			0	I am about to bring back the fortunes of Jacob’s tents	“I will cause things to go well for the people in Jacob’s tents again” or “I will cause the people in Jacob’s tents to live well again.” See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
2018	JER	30	18	di2a	figs-activepassive		0	Then a city will be built on the heap of ruins	This can be translated in active form. You may need to make explicit that the city they will build will be Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Then they will rebuild Jerusalem on its ruins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2019	JER	30	19	rrl4			0	Then a song of praise and a sound of merriment will go out from them	Alternate translation: “Then they will sing songs of praise and joy”
2020	JER	30	19	hbg1			0	for I will increase them and not diminish them	Alternate translation: “I will cause them to increase in number, not to become fewer”
2021	JER	30	19	z7qu	figs-activepassive		0	so they will not be humbled	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one will humble them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2022	JER	30	20	tnn9	figs-activepassive		0	their assembly will be established before me	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will establish them as a people before me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2023	JER	30	21	nyu6	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translates this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2024	JER	30	23	u8p2	figs-metaphor		0	See, the tempest of Yahweh, his fury, has gone out	This speaks of God’s anger and punishment as if it were a storm. This emphasizes his power and ability to destroy wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2025	JER	30	24	wc7x	figs-abstractnouns		0	his heart’s intentions	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **intentions**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “intends.” The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “what he intends to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2026	JER	31	intro	r3ad			0		# Jeremiah 31 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 31:1-6, 8-22, 35-37.<br><br>The ULT sets 31:29 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is an important quotation.<br><br>This chapter begins with a transition from the previous chapter. “At that time” is a reference to the day of restoration mentioned in [Jeremiah 30:24](../../jer/30/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The new covenant<br><br>This chapter is an important teaching regarding the new covenant. God will make a new covenant that will bring forgiveness of sins and a desire to obey God. Scholars disagree about whether this new covenant has begun. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Israel<br>In this chapter, Jeremiah uses the term “Israel” in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole. He also uses it in reference to the northern kingdom of Israel and their p

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