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the sunrise from on high ... to shine on
Light is often a metaphor for truth. Here, the spiritual truth the Savior will provide is spoken of as if it is a sunrise that lights up the earth. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
shine on
"give knowledge to" or "give spiritual light to"
those who sit in darkness
Darkness is here a metaphor for the absence of spiritual truth. Here, people who lack spiritual truth are spoken of as if they are sitting in darkness. Alternate translation: "people who do not know the truth" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
darkness ... shadow of death
These two phrases work together to emphasize the deep spiritual darkness of people before God shows them mercy. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet)
in the shadow of death
The shadow often represents something that is about to happen. Here, it refers to approaching death. Alternate translation: "who are about to die" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom)
guide our feet into the path of peace
Here "guide" is a metaphor for teaching, and "path of peace" is a metaphor for living at peace with God. The phrase "our feet" is a synecdoche that represents the whole person. Alternate translation: "teach us how to live at peace with God" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche)