unfoldingWord_en_tn/tn_SNG.tsv

1	Reference	ID	Tags	SupportReference	Quote	Occurrence	Note
2	front:intro	an3g				0	# Introduction to the Song of Songs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of the Song of Songs\n\n1. The title of the book (1:1)\n2. The woman longs for the man she loves (1:2–1:7)\n3. The man responds to the woman he loves (1:8–1:11)\n4. The woman speaks to herself (1:12-1:14)\n5. The man praises the woman he loves (1:15)\n6. The woman responds to the man she loves (1:16-2:1)\n7. The man responds to what the woman said in 2:1 (2:2)\n8. The woman speaks to the man she loves, herself, and the women of Jerusalem (2:3-3:11)\n9. The man praises the woman he loves (4:1-4:11)\n10. The garden metaphor (4:12-5:1)\n11. The woman and the women of Jerusalem speak to each other (5:2–6:1)\n12. The woman speaks to herself (6:2-6:3)\n13. The man praises the woman he loves (6:4-10)\n14. The man goes to the walnut-tree orchard and imagines he is among chariots (6:11-6:12)\n15. The women of Jerusalem speak to the woman, and the man replies to them (6:13)\n16. The man praises the woman he loves and expresses his desire to be intimate with her (7:1-9a)\n17. The woman responds to the man she loves (7:9b-8:3)\n18. The woman speaks to the women of Jerusalem (8:4)\n19. The women of Jerusalem see the woman and man coming from the wilderness (8:5a)\n20. The woman expresses her thoughts on their love to the man she loves (8:5b-7)\n21. The woman’s brothers speak about their sister (8:8-9)\n22. The woman responds to her brothers (8:10-12)\n23. The man and the woman speak their concluding thoughts to each other (8:13–14)\n\n\nThere are different views among biblical scholars regarding how this book is structured and, therefore, how it should be outlined. The outline above offers one possible way of outlining this book.\n\n### What is the Song of Songs about?\n\nThe Song of Songs is a poem or a series of poems that celebrate love and intimacy between a man and a woman. Jews traditionally have interpreted the book as a picture of God’s love for his people Israel. Until the 1800’s the main view among Christians was that this book is primarily a picture of the love between Christ and his bride, the Church. Since the 1800’s the more common view has been that it is a poem or a series of poems that give a beautiful picture of love between a man and a woman. Many Christians also think that, even though the main meaning of this poem is to give a beautiful portrayal of romantic love between a man and a woman, this book also contains lessons about God’s love for his bride, the Church.\n\n### Who wrote the Song of Songs?\n\nThe first verse of the book (“The Song of Songs, which is of Solomon”) gives the idea that King Solomon of Israel wrote it. However, there are several possible ways to interpret the meaning of this title. A translation note for this verse discusses the possible meanings.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThis book is traditionally titled “Song of Songs,” which means the very best song, or “Song of Solomon.” It may also be called “Songs of Love,” “Great Poems of Love,” or “The Love Songs of Solomon.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What place do the descriptions of sexual behavior have in the Song of Songs?\n\nThe Song of Songs approves of sexual behavior which expresses love between a husband and his wife.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### How many characters are in the Song of Songs?\n\nThe two main characters in this book are the man and the woman, two people who love each other. In [8:8-9](../08/08.md) the woman’s brothers speak among themselves. In different places throughout the book, a group of women called the “daughters of Jerusalem” speak or are spoken to. However, it is possible that the group of women is not real but imagined. They may have been written into the poem for poetic effect.\n\nSome interpreters believe there may be more characters than these, but this is not certain. The ULT and UST versions recognize only the man, the woman, the group of women (and possibly a group of friends in some parts), and the woman’s brothers.\n\n### What are the lines in the UST about people speaking?\n\nThe Song of Songs is a poem that shows the words and thoughts of a man, a woman, the woman’s friends, and the woman’s brothers. Throughout the poem, the author does not identify the speakers and their audience. To help readers understand the poem, some translations attempt to identify the speaker and the audience. Since it is not always certain who is speaking, translations sometimes disagree about the identity of the spreader.\n\nThe UST places a header before each speech to identify the speaker and the audience. For example: “The woman speaking to the women of Jerusalem,” “The woman speaking to the man,” “The man speaking to the woman,” or “The woman speaking to herself.” Translators are encouraged to include these ways of identifying the speaker and the audience. Be careful to format them differently from the scripture text. The translators should also include an initial note to their readers indicating that these explanations are not part of the scripture text.\n\nThere are different views among Bible scholars about who the man is―a shepherd boy or King Solomon. Some think that both speak at various times in this book and compete for the woman’s love. The headers in the UST indicate when a man is speaking or being spoken to, as in “The man speaking to the woman he loves” and “The woman speaking to the man she loves.” The headers do not indicate the identity of the man.\n\n### How should one translate the Song of Songs if the readers would view certain terms as coarse, vulgar, or improper?\n\nReaders might consider many images or forms in the Song of Songs as socially improper when translated. Whenever possible, the translator should try to avoid offensive language by using expressions that will not cause offense. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])\n\n### How do I translate metaphors and similes in this book?\n\nBecause the author uses images throughout this book to express things in a beautiful and captivating way, it is recommended that you maintain these images or select images from your culture and language that communicate the same concepts.\n\nThe many metaphors and similes in this book are used to add poetic beauty and emotional effect; however, their meaning is sometimes unclear. Sometimes the reader does not know whether a sexual meaning is intended. At times the wording carries both a literal and a sexual meaning. However, though meanings are often unclear, it is not always necessary to clarify the meaning; often, ambiguity in translation is best. You could translate the words as they are written to avoid committing to a specific meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### Translating terms of endearment\n\nThe word which the ULT translates as “my beloved” occurs 26 times in this book, and each time it occurs, the woman uses it to refer to the man she loves. You should translate this term consistently throughout this book. The word which the ULT translates as “my darling” appears nine times in this book. Each time it occurs, the man uses it to refer to the woman he loves. Be sure to translate this term consistently throughout the book.
3	1:intro	xrm2				0	# Song of Songs 1 General Notes\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Metaphors\n\nIn the ancient Near East, it was common to describe a woman by using metaphors involving animals. In many cultures today, such metaphors could be considered offensive. Cultures vary in the metaphors of beauty they use to describe women. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### The lines indicating who is speaking and who is being spoken to.\n\nThroughout the poem, the author does not identify the speakers or their audience. To help readers understand the poem, some translations attempt to identify the speaker and the audience. It is not always certain who the speaker is, so sometimes translations disagree about the identity of the speaker. Before each speech, the UST places a header to identify the speaker and the audience. You may wish to do the same in your translation.\n\n### “I am black”\n\nIn the ancient Near East, wealthy people usually had lighter skin because they did not need to work outside, where the sun darkened their skin. Because this young woman had to work outside in the sun, her skin became dark. This is why she says “I am black” in [1:5-6](../01/05.md).
4	1:1	dsf1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	שִׁ֥יר הַ⁠שִּׁירִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִ⁠שְׁלֹמֹֽה	1	This verse is the title of this book. Use whatever formatting convention is most natural in your language for indicating the title of a poem or song. The ULT places this line further to the left than the other lines in this book to indicate that this verse is the title.
5	1:1	qbe2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	שִׁ֥יר הַ⁠שִּׁירִ֖ים	1	The possessive form in **Song of Songs** is used here to indicate a comparison with other **Songs** and to show that this **Song** is the best or greatest of all songs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use another form to indicate this. Alternate translation: “The best song” or “The most excellent song” or “The greatest song”
6	1:1	r5ns		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	לִ⁠שְׁלֹמֹֽה	1	The phrase **of Solomon** could mean: (1) Solomon wrote this song. Alternate translation: “Solomon wrote” (2) this song was dedicated to Solomon. Alternate translation: “is dedicated to Solomon” (3) this song was about Solomon. Alternate translation: “is about Solomon”
7	1:2-4	fna4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	יִשָּׁקֵ֨⁠נִי֙ מִ⁠נְּשִׁיק֣וֹת פִּ֔י⁠הוּ כִּֽי־טוֹבִ֥ים דֹּדֶ֖י⁠ךָ מִ⁠יָּֽיִן & לְ⁠רֵ֨יחַ֙ שְׁמָנֶ֣י⁠ךָ טוֹבִ֔ים שֶׁ֖מֶן תּוּרַ֣ק שְׁמֶ֑⁠ךָ עַל־כֵּ֖ן עֲלָמ֥וֹת אֲהֵבֽוּ⁠ךָ & מָשְׁכֵ֖⁠נִי אַחֲרֶ֣י⁠ךָ נָּר֑וּצָה הֱבִיאַ֨⁠נִי הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ חֲדָרָ֗י⁠ו	1	These lines of poetry most likely indicate internal words or thoughts, things that the woman is thinking while she is alone. Your language may have a way of indicating speech that is expressed toward a person who is not present to hear what is being said. If your language has a way to indicate that, you could use it here.
8	1:2	tulv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	יִשָּׁקֵ֨⁠נִי֙ מִ⁠נְּשִׁיק֣וֹת פִּ֔י⁠הוּ	1	Here, **kiss me with the kisses of his mouth** is an emphatic construction that uses a verb and its object that come from the same root. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “Let him kiss me again and again with the kisses of his mouth” or “Let him cover my face with the kisses of his mouth” or “I wish he would kiss me passionately with his mouth”
9	1:2	d9mu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	דֹּדֶ֖י⁠ךָ	1	In this book every occurrence of the words **you** and **your** is singular. Your language may require you to mark these forms.
10	1:2	th64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	טוֹבִ֥ים דֹּדֶ֖י⁠ךָ מִ⁠יָּֽיִן	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form or in another way. Alternate translation: “the way you love me is better than wine” or “your loving is better than wine”
11	1:2	nze7			טוֹבִ֥ים דֹּדֶ֖י⁠ךָ מִ⁠יָּֽיִן	1	Alternate translation: “I enjoy your love more than I enjoy drinking wine” or “your love is more pleasant than wine”
12	1:3	j5ka			לְ⁠רֵ֨יחַ֙	1	The Hebrew word which the ULT translates as **As for** could: (1) indicate reference, in which case it should be translated with an equivalent phrase or as the ULT translates it. Alternate translation: “In reference to the scent of” (2) indicate emphasis or be making an assertion. Alternate translation: “Truly, the scent of” or “Indeed, the scent of”
13	1:3	si36		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	שְׁמָנֶ֣י⁠ךָ טוֹבִ֔ים	1	Here, **oils** refers to colognes or perfumes. The author is assuming the reader knows that pleasant-smelling spices were mixed into olive oil in order to make a pleasant-smelling perfume, which was then applied to the skin. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. If men do not put pleasant-smelling things on their skin in your culture, you could say that the scent of the man being spoken of here is pleasant. Alternate translation: “your colognes—they are good” or “your scented oils—they are good” or “your skin—it is good” or “your body—it is good”
14	1:3	z9t3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	שֶׁ֖מֶן תּוּרַ֣ק שְׁמֶ֑⁠ךָ	1	Here, **your name** represents her beloved's reputation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “oil poured out is your reputation” or “oil poured out is the honor that people give to you”
15	1:3	ijen		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	שֶׁ֖מֶן תּוּרַ֣ק שְׁמֶ֑⁠ךָ	1	The woman makes a comparison between the man’s reputation (which she refers to as his **name**) and scented oil that is poured out, after which the good smell of the oil spreads as the air moves. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the comparison. Alternate translation: “your reputation spreads like the fragrance of scented oil spreads after it has been poured out” or “your reputation spreads like the scent of perfumed oil after it has been poured out”
16	1:3	pj62		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	עַל־כֵּ֖ן	1	The Hebrew words translated as **Therefore** indicate that what follows is a result of what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a result of what came before. Alternate translation: “As a result”
17	1:3	vo1s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	עֲלָמ֥וֹת	1	Here, **marriageable women** refers to young women who are old enough to be married or who have been recently married but not yet given birth to a child. Your language may have a term for women during this stage of life that you could use here, or you could use a more general term.
18	1:4	gec8			מָשְׁכֵ֖⁠נִי	1	Alternate translation: “Lead me”
19	1:4	ty2p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	נָּר֑וּצָה	1	The word **us** refers to the young woman and the man that she is addressing, so use the inclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction. Alternate translation: “let you and me run”
20	1:4	xpoe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	נָּר֑וּצָה	1	Here the woman uses **run** as a poetic way of expressing her desire that she and the man she loves should quickly go away together. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “let us hurry”
21	1:4	vpdi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ	1	Here the woman is speaking affectionately of the man she loves as if he were **The king**. She is not speaking of an actual king but using the word as a term of endearment. She is still speaking of the same man that she was speaking of in [1:2-3](../01/02.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He whom I love is like a king to me and” or “He who is like a king to me”
22	1:4	ieqb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	הֱבִיאַ֨⁠נִי הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ	1	The original language word which the ULT translates as **The king has brought me** could be describing: (1) a request or wish that the woman has. Alternate translation: “May the king bring me” (2) an action that has already happened. Alternate translation: “The king brought me”
23	1:4	aoaz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	הֱבִיאַ֨⁠נִי	1	Your language may say “taken” rather than **brought** in a context such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “has taken me”
24	1:4	at7l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	נָגִ֤ילָה וְ⁠נִשְׂמְחָה֙ בָּ֔⁠ךְ נַזְכִּ֤ירָה דֹדֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ מִ⁠יַּ֔יִן	1	The **us** in these two lines could be: (1 )a group of young women speaking about the man. Alternate translation: “We will be glad and rejoice in you. We will profess your love more than wine” (2) the woman continuing to speak to the man she loves and using **us** to refer to herself. Alternate translation: “May I be glad and rejoice in you. May I profess your love more than wine”\n
25	1:4	isr6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	נָּר֑וּצָה&נָגִ֤ילָה & נַזְכִּ֤ירָה	1	The word **us** is inclusive all three times that it occurs in this verse. Use the inclusive form of this word if your language marks that distinction.
26	1:4	ku0t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	נָגִ֤ילָה וְ⁠נִשְׂמְחָה֙	1	The terms **be glad** and **rejoice** mean similar things. The author is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Let us greatly rejoice” or “Let us rejoice greatly”
27	1:4	geq4			נַזְכִּ֤ירָה	1	Alternate translation: “Let us proclaim”
28	1:4	rc0e			מִ⁠יַּ֔יִן	1	The phrase **more than wine** could mean: (1) that the women would profess that the man’s love was more delightful than wine. Alternate translation: “as being more delightful than wine” (2) that the women would profess the delightfulness of the man’s love more often than they would profess the delightfulness of wine. Alternate translation: “more often than we profess wine”
29	1:4	pmvq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	דֹדֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ מִ⁠יַּ֔יִן	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **love**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the way you love is better than wine” or “the way you love me is better than wine”
30	1:4	so9x			מֵישָׁרִ֖ים אֲהֵבֽוּ⁠ךָ	1	Here the speaker could be: (1) the woman speaking to the man about the young women who admire him. Alternate translation: “rightly do the young women love you” (2) the young women speaking of other women who admire the man. Alternate translation: “rightly do the other young women love you”. You may wish to indicate who the presumed speaker is here by placing a heading above this section, as modeled by the UST.
31	1:4	ag8r			מֵישָׁרִ֖ים אֲהֵבֽוּ⁠ךָ	1	Alternate translation: “it is right that other young women adore you” or “no wonder other young women adore you”
32	1:5	ez2x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	שְׁחוֹרָ֤ה אֲנִי֙	1	Solomon assumes that his readers will understand that here, **I am black** means “my skin is black” or “my skin is very dark.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “My skin is black” or “My skin is very dark”
33	1:5	jpj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	וְֽ⁠נָאוָ֔ה	1	Here the word **but** is introducing a contrast between what was expected and what follows. In the author’s culture, it was not considered attractive for a woman to have skin darkened by the sun. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “yet lovely” or “but still lovely”
34	1:5	ck9k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	בְּנ֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם	1	The woman is using the possessive form to poetically describe where the young women (**daughters of Jerusalem**) live. The phrase refers to the young women from Jerusalem; probably the same women as the “marriageable women” in [1:3](../01/03.md) and “they” in [1:4](../01/04.md)). If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could indicate the association between them in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “daughters from Jerusalem” or “young women from Jerusalem”
35	1:5	rbb3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	כְּ⁠אָהֳלֵ֣י קֵדָ֔ר כִּ⁠ירִיע֖וֹת שְׁלֹמֹֽה	1	The **Kedar** people group used black goat skins to make their **tents**. The woman is comparing her skin to these tents. The phrase **the curtains of Solomon** refers to the beautiful curtains in Solomon’s palace. The point of the first comparison is that the woman’s skin was **black**. The second indicates that the woman was also **lovely**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use equivalent comparisons from your culture, or you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “like the dark tents of the Kedar people, like the curtains of Solomon’s palace” or “as dark as the tents of Kedar, as beautiful as the curtains in Solomon’s palace”
36	1:6	gy5l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	שֶׁ⁠אֲנִ֣י	1	The word **that** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “because I”
37	1:6	nqqb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	שֶׁ⁠אֲנִ֣י שְׁחַרְחֹ֔רֶת	1	Solomon assumes that his readers will understand that here, **I am black** means “my skin is black” or “my skin is very dark,” as it did in [1:5](../01/05.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “that my skin is black” or “that my skin is very dark”
38	1:6	im6w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	שֶׁ⁠שֱּׁזָפַ֖תְ⁠נִי הַ⁠שָּׁ֑מֶשׁ	1	The word **that** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “because the sun scorched me”
39	1:6	v86f			נֹטֵרָ֣ה אֶת־הַ⁠כְּרָמִ֔ים כַּרְמִ֥⁠י שֶׁ⁠לִּ֖⁠י לֹ֥א נָטָֽרְתִּי	1	Alternate translation: “as caretaker of the vineyards— I have not taken care of my own vineyard”
40	1:6	w18k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	כַּרְמִ֥⁠י שֶׁ⁠לִּ֖⁠י לֹ֥א נָטָֽרְתִּי	1	The woman is probably using the phrase **my vineyard** to refer to her skin. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my skin I have not protected from the sun” or “I have not protected my complexion from the sun”
41	1:7	f9hi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	שֶׁ֤⁠אָהֲבָה֙ נַפְשִׁ֔⁠י	1	The woman is using one part of herself, her **soul**, to represent all of her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you, the man whom I love”
42	1:7	mpbu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	אֵיכָ֣ה תִרְעֶ֔ה	1	The woman is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “where do you graze your flock” or “where do you graze your sheep”
43	1:7	v54w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	שַׁ⁠לָּ⁠מָ֤ה אֶֽהְיֶה֙ כְּ⁠עֹ֣טְיָ֔ה עַ֖ל עֶדְרֵ֥י חֲבֵרֶֽי⁠ךָ	1	Here the woman is not asking for information but is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate her words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “I do not want to be like a woman who covers herself beside the flocks of your companions” or “Tell me so that I will not be like a woman who covers herself beside the flocks of your companions”
44	1:7	v6rs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	שַׁ⁠לָּ⁠מָ֤ה אֶֽהְיֶה֙ כְּ⁠עֹ֣טְיָ֔ה עַ֖ל עֶדְרֵ֥י חֲבֵרֶֽי⁠ךָ	1	The woman does not want to look **like a woman who covers herself** because in her culture, prostitutes often covered their faces with a veil so that people would not recognize them. She did not want to be mistaken for a prostitute while attempting to find him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “For why should I be like a prostitute who covers herself with a veil and wanders around among the flocks of your companions”
45	1:8	lc64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	אִם־ לֹ֤א תֵדְעִי֙ לָ֔⁠ךְ הַ⁠יָּפָ֖ה בַּ⁠נָּשִׁ֑ים צְֽאִי־ לָ֞⁠ךְ	1	If it would help your readers to see that this is a conditional statement, you could supply a word like “then” in your translation. Alternate translation: “If you do not know, most beautiful among women, then go out”
46	1:8	fu4f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	אִם־ לֹ֤א תֵדְעִי֙ לָ֔⁠ךְ הַ⁠יָּפָ֖ה בַּ⁠נָּשִׁ֑ים	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could begin this verse with the phrase **most beautiful among women**. Alternate translation: “Most beautiful among women, if you do not know”
47	1:8	sy7k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	צְֽאִי־ לָ֞⁠ךְ	1	Your language may say “come” rather than **go** in contexts such as these. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “come out”
48	1:8	al9c			וּ⁠רְעִי֙ אֶת־ גְּדִיֹּתַ֔יִ⁠ךְ	1	Alternate translation: “and let your young goats graze” or “and let your young goats eat”
49	1:9	j8xv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	לְ⁠סֻסָתִ⁠י֙ בְּ⁠רִכְבֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה דִּמִּיתִ֖י⁠ךְ רַעְיָתִֽ⁠י	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could begin this verse with the phrase **my darling**. Alternate translation: “My darling, I liken you to a mare among the chariots of Pharaoh”
50	1:9	gw76		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	לְ⁠סֻסָתִ⁠י֙ בְּ⁠רִכְבֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה דִּמִּיתִ֖י⁠ךְ	1	The comparison **To a mare among the chariots of Pharaoh I liken you** could be: (1) the man saying that the excitement caused by a mare (a female horse) among Pharaoh’s male chariot horses is like the excitement that the woman caused him to feel. (2) the man saying that the beauty of the woman is like the beauty of one of Pharaoh's mares. The horses of the king of Egypt, the Pharaoh, were known to be the best in the world and very beautiful. This is the second option because, normally, only stallions, not mares, pulled the chariots. Alternate translation: “Your beauty is like the beauty of Pharaoh’s chariot horses” or “I compare your beauty to the beauty of Pharaoh’s chariot horses”
51	1:9	zyj5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	בְּ⁠רִכְבֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה	1	Here, **the chariots** represents “the horses that pull the chariots.” Chariots were normally drawn by pairs of male horses (stallions). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “among the stallions that pull Pharaoh’s chariots” or “among the stallions that pull the chariots of Pharaoh”
52	1:9	lnbo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	פַרְעֹ֔ה	1	The word **Pharaoh** is a title and represents kings of Egypt in general, not one particular king of Egypt. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “the king of Egypt”
53	1:10	hrjd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	בַּ⁠תֹּרִ֔ים	1	The term which the ULT translates as **earrings** refers to strings of small ornaments or jewels which hung down the side of one’s face from the ears. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of jewelry, you could use the name of something similar in your area, or you could use a more general term and put an explanation in a footnote. Alternate translation: “with neck ornaments” or “with strings of jewels”
54	1:10	u7h9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	בַּ⁠חֲרוּזִֽים	1	Here, **necklaces** are a type of jewelry worn around the neck to make a person look more attractive. If your readers would not be familiar with necklaces, you could use the name of something similar in your area, or you could use a more general term and make a footnote to explain what a necklace is. Alternate translation: “with neck ornaments” or “with strings of jewels”
55	1:11	yuyp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	תּוֹרֵ֤י	1	See how you translated the term “earrings” in the previous verse.
56	1:11	dza7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	תּוֹרֵ֤י זָהָב֙ נַעֲשֶׂה־לָּ֔⁠ךְ	1	By **we**, the writer could mean: (1) that the man will have someone make the **Earrings of gold** for her. The man is not including the woman, so use the exclusive form of this word if your language marks that distinction. Alternate translation: “Earrings of gold I will have someone make for you” or “I will pay someone to make earrings of gold for you” (2) that though the man is using a plural form, he expects the woman to understand that he means “I.” Alternate translation: “Earrings of gold I will make for you” (3) that a group of people, and not the man, speak here. If you are using section headers, you can place a header above this section indicating who you think is speaking.
57	1:11	bp6l			עִ֖ם נְקֻדּ֥וֹת הַ⁠כָּֽסֶף	1	Alternate translation: “with beads of silver” or “that are decorated with silver”
58	1:12	kec9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	שֶׁ֤⁠הַ⁠מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙	1	See how you translated the phrase “the king” in [1:4](../01/04.md) where it is used with the same meaning.
59	1:12	zt7d			בִּ⁠מְסִבּ֔⁠וֹ	1	The word which the ULT translates as **couch** could: (1) refer to a couch. (2) refer to a table. Alternate translation: “was at his table”
60	1:12	ur66		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	נִרְדִּ֖⁠י	1	The term **nard** refers to pleasant-smelling, perfumed oil that was made from the roots of the nard plant. If your readers would not be familiar with nard plants, you could use a general expression or describe what nard is. Alternate translation: “my perfumed oil” or “my pleasant- smelling perfume made from the nard plant”
61	1:12	lp8f			נָתַ֥ן רֵיחֽ⁠וֹ	1	Alternate translation: “gave off its good odor” or “spread its pleasant aroma”
62	1:13	vc5v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	צְר֨וֹר הַ⁠מֹּ֤ר ׀ דּוֹדִ⁠י֙ לִ֔⁠י בֵּ֥ין שָׁדַ֖⁠י יָלִֽין	1	In the author’s culture, women sometimes wore a small bag or pouch of myrrh on a necklace so they could enjoy its pleasant fragrance. The woman makes a comparison between that enjoyable experience and that of having the man she loves near her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I enjoy having my beloved near me throughout the night just like I enjoy the fragrance of a bag of myrrh”
63	1:13	d77b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	הַ⁠מֹּ֤ר	1	Here, **myrrh** is a pleasant-smelling incense made from resin obtained from the bark of a certain kind of tree. If your readers would not be familiar with myrrh, you could use the name of something similar in your area, or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “pleasant-smelling perfume”
64	1:13	bzs7			דּוֹדִ⁠י֙	1	Alternate translation: “is my lover”
65	1:13	f8y8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	צְר֨וֹר הַ⁠מֹּ֤ר ׀ דּוֹדִ⁠י֙ לִ֔⁠י בֵּ֥ין שָׁדַ֖⁠י יָלִֽין	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to **breasts**, or state the meaning of the phrase **between my breasts it stays** by using a more general expression. Alternate translation: “My beloved stays very close to me during the night, like a bundle of myrrh around my neck”
66	1:14	a6jk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	הַ⁠כֹּ֤פֶר	1	The phrase **henna blossoms** refers to pleasant-smelling blossoms from the henna plant. If your readers would not be familiar with this plant, you could use the name of a fragrant plant in your area, you could describe the henna plant, or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “fragrant flowers” or “fragrant blossoms from the henna plant”
67	1:14	zh75		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אֶשְׁכֹּ֨ל הַ⁠כֹּ֤פֶר ׀ דּוֹדִ⁠י֙ לִ֔⁠י בְּ⁠כַרְמֵ֖י עֵ֥ין גֶּֽדִי	1	Here the phrase **the vineyards of Engedi** refers to one of the most beautiful places in Israel, and the henna blossoms there were famous for their exquisite fragrance. In this verse, the woman makes a comparison between the pleasurable experience of the vineyards and her enjoyment of having the man she loves near to her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The presence of my lover gives me feelings of pleasure” or “I delight in my beloved being near me like I delight in the smell of the henna flowers in the vineyards of En Gedi”\n
68	1:15	tae6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	הִנָּ֤⁠ךְ & הִנָּ֥⁠ךְ	1	The man is using the term **Behold** to focus the woman's attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Look at you! … Look at you!”
69	1:15	x2d5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	הִנָּ֤⁠ךְ יָפָה֙ רַעְיָתִ֔⁠י הִנָּ֥⁠ךְ יָפָ֖ה עֵינַ֥יִ⁠ךְ יוֹנִֽים	1	The man uses the phrase **Behold you, beautiful** two times for emphasis. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine the phrases and provide emphasis in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Behold you, beautiful, my darling! Your eyes are doves”
70	1:15	m114			רַעְיָתִ֔⁠י	1	See how you translated the phrase “my darling” in [1:9](../01/09.md)
71	1:15	fb4x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	עֵינַ֥יִ⁠ךְ יוֹנִֽים	1	Here the man is speaking of the woman's **eyes** as if they were **doves**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your eyes are like doves” or “your eyes are gentle and beautiful”
72	1:16	sbi4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	הִנְּ⁠ךָ֨	1	The woman is using the term **Behold** to focus the man's attention on what she is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Look at you”
73	1:16	x3pr			דוֹדִ⁠י֙	1	See how you translated the phrase “my beloved” in [1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “my lover”
74	1:16	km29		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	דוֹדִ⁠י֙ אַ֣ף נָעִ֔ים	1	The woman is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “my beloved. You are truly pleasant”
75	1:16	q43e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	עַרְשֵׂ֖⁠נוּ	1	Here, **couch** refers to the place where the couple would lie down in the forest. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the place where we lie down is” or “the place on which we lie down like a bed is”
76	1:16	xed8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	רַעֲנָנָֽה	1	Here the word that the ULT translates as **leafy** refers to green plants. The author assumes that readers will understand that it is not a literal couch. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. You could translate **leafy** in a general way such as “green,” or you could indicate specifically what vegetation the word **leafy** refers to. Here, **leafy** could refer to: (1) the grass that the couple lay down on. Alternate translation: “grass” (2) the branches above their meeting place in the forest. Alternate translation: “under the cover of branches” or “shaded by branches”
77	1:17	v14z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	קֹר֤וֹת בָּתֵּ֨י⁠נוּ֙ אֲרָזִ֔ים רַהִיטֵ֖נוּ בְּרוֹתִֽים	1	Here the woman is speaking of the forest as if it were a **house**, the cedar trees as if they were the **beams** of the house, and the **pine** trees as if they were the **rafters** of the house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Our meeting place is shaded by cedar and pine trees” or “Branches of cedar and pine trees will be a canopy over our meeting place”
78	1:17	c3e5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	בְּרוֹתִֽים	1	The Hebrew word that the ULT translates as **pine** refers to a tall evergreen tree that is either a fir or a pine. This tree would provide a dense covering that would act like the **rafters** of a roof. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of tree, you could use the name of a similar tree in your area, or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “tall leafy trees”
79	2:intro	u8uv				0	# Song of Songs 2 General Notes\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### The woman and man compliment each other by using metaphors and similes\n\nIn 2:1 the woman uses a metaphor to tell the man she loves that she thinks she is common, like a flower that grows on the plains or a lily that grows in the valleys. The man responds in 2:2 by using a simile to tell her how special she is when compared to other women. She then uses a simile in 2:3 to tell him how special he is compared to other men. When translating these verses, pay close attention to the translation notes and the UST in order to understand the meaning.\n\n### Chiasm\n\nHebrew poetry sometimes uses a literary device called a “chiasm” (sometimes called “chiasmus”). A chiasm is when words or phrases are ordered in an AB-BA sequence. In Song of Songs 2:14](../02/14.md) the author uses a chiasm. The ULT follows the Hebrew order and translates this verse as “show me your appearance, make me hear your voice, for your voice {is} sweet, and your appearance {is} lovely.” Notice that the phrases “your appearance” and “your voice” are repeated in an AB-BA sequence: “your appearance ... your voice ... your voice ... your appearance.”
80	2:1	cne2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אֲנִי֙ חֲבַצֶּ֣לֶת הַ⁠שָּׁר֔וֹן שֽׁוֹשַׁנַּ֖ת הָ⁠עֲמָקִֽים	1	Here the woman is speaking of herself as if she is two types of flowers in order to make a comparison between herself and these common wildflowers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly, explain the comparison, or use the UST as a model. The woman compares herself to these wildflowers to express that she thinks she has only common beauty and is no more attractive than other young women. Alternate translation: “I am as common as a wildflower of Sharon or a lily of the valleys” or “My beauty is as common as a wildflower of Sharon or a lily of the valleys”
81	2:1	ps9x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	חֲבַצֶּ֣לֶת	1	The original word which the ULT translates as **flower** refers to a specific type of flower which grows on the ground. The exact type of flower that the original word refers to cannot be known with certainty, so you could use the name of a pretty wildflower in your area, or you could use a general term as modeled by the ULT.
82	2:1	gh6w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	אֲנִי֙ חֲבַצֶּ֣לֶת הַ⁠שָּׁר֔וֹן	1	The writer assumes that the readers will know that **Sharon** was the name of a specific plain (a flat area) and that the word itself refers to a flat, wide area. By using the word **Sharon**, the woman is probably referring to “plains” in general and expressing that she is like a wildflower that grows on the plains. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I am a flower that grows on the plain of Sharon” or “I am a flower that grows on the plains”
83	2:1	bw25		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	אֲנִי֙ חֲבַצֶּ֣לֶת הַ⁠שָּׁר֔וֹן שֽׁוֹשַׁנַּ֖ת הָ⁠עֲמָקִֽים	1	These two phrases **a flower of Sharon** and **a lily of the valleys** mean basically the same thing. The second phrase emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “I am a wildflower that grows in the plains and the valleys”
84	2:1	cxaq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	שֽׁוֹשַׁנַּ֖ת	1	The woman is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “I am a lily of”
85	2:1	ni5p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	שֽׁוֹשַׁנַּ֖ת	1	The Hebrew word that the ULT translates as **lily** is a type of flower which grows as a wildflower. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of flower, you could use the name of something similar in your area, or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a wildflower of”
86	2:2	ibi6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	כְּ⁠שֽׁוֹשַׁנָּה֙ בֵּ֣ין הַ⁠חוֹחִ֔ים כֵּ֥ן רַעְיָתִ֖⁠י בֵּ֥ין הַ⁠בָּנֽוֹת	1	The man is saying that the woman he loves is like **a lily among thorns**. The idea is that just as a lily is much more beautiful than thorns, so the woman he loves is much more beautiful than the other young women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent comparison or state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “You, my darling, are much more beautiful than all other women”
87	2:2	l00i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	כְּ⁠שֽׁוֹשַׁנָּה֙	1	See how you translated the word **lily** in [2:1](../02/01.md).
88	2:2	bi45			רַעְיָתִ֖⁠י	1	See how you translated the phrase **my darling** in [1:9](../01/09.md).
89	2:2	y9bu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	הַ⁠בָּנֽוֹת	1	The writer assumes that the readers will understand that **the daughters** refers to the **daughters of Jerusalem** mentioned in [1:5](../01/05.md). The phrase probably also refers to all women. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the young women of Jerusalem” or “the other young women”
90	2:3	xz7y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	כְּ⁠תַפּ֨וּחַ֙ בַּ⁠עֲצֵ֣י הַ⁠יַּ֔עַר כֵּ֥ן דּוֹדִ֖⁠י בֵּ֣ין הַ⁠בָּנִ֑ים	1	The woman is saying that the man is like an **apple tree** because, in the same way that **an apple tree** is more pleasant than the other **trees of the forest**, so the man she loves is more pleasant than other men. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “As apple trees are more pleasant than other trees, so you, my beloved, are more pleasant than other men” or “As apple trees are more delightful than other trees, so you, my beloved, are more delightful than other men”
91	2:3	jjo5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	כְּ⁠תַפּ֨וּחַ֙ בַּ⁠עֲצֵ֣י הַ⁠יַּ֔עַר כֵּ֥ן דּוֹדִ֖⁠י בֵּ֣ין הַ⁠בָּנִ֑ים	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “Among the other young men, my beloved is like an apple tree among the trees of the forest” or “Compared to other men, my beloved is like an apple tree among the trees of the forest”
92	2:3	qtmu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	בַּ⁠עֲצֵ֣י הַ⁠יַּ֔עַר	1	The writer assumes that the reader will understand that **the trees of the forest** refers to the other trees of the forest, those which were considered common when compared to the beautiful, fruit-bearing **apple tree**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “among the other trees of the forest” or “compared to the common trees of the forest”
93	2:3	q7kl			דּוֹדִ֖⁠י	1	See how you translated the phrase **my beloved** in [1:13](../01/13.md).
94	2:3	eogn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	בֵּ֣ין הַ⁠בָּנִ֑ים	1	Here the writer assumes that the readers will know that **the sons** refers to the other young men. In the previous verse the man compared the woman to the other “daughters”. Here the woman compares the man she loves to the other young men, whom she calls sons. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “among the other young men” or “when compared to all the other men”
95	2:3	pii3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	בְּ⁠צִלּ⁠וֹ֙ חִמַּ֣דְתִּי וְ⁠יָשַׁ֔בְתִּי וּ⁠פִרְי֖⁠וֹ מָת֥וֹק לְ⁠חִכִּֽ⁠י	1	Here the woman continues speaking of the man as if he were an apple tree. The word **shadow** refers to the shade of the apple tree which gives protection from the sun. **I sat** represents being near or in the presence of the man. Here the woman speaks of her pleasurable feelings as if they were **his fruit** which is **sweet to my palate**. If it is possible in your language, you should try to retain the images used here or substitute a comparable image. However, if it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He provides me with refreshment and protection when I am in his presence; he gives me great pleasure” or “I sit in his presence, and he refreshes and protects me. Like sweet fruit, he is delightful to me”
96	2:3	fkm3			בְּ⁠צִלּ⁠וֹ֙ חִמַּ֣דְתִּי וְ⁠יָשַׁ֔בְתִּי	1	Alternate translation: “In his shade I took delight, and I sat”
97	2:4	o9vh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	הֱבִיאַ֨⁠נִי֙	1	See how you translated the phrase “has brought me” in [1:4](../01/04.md). The original language word which the ULT translates here as **He brought me** could be describing: (1) a request or wish that the woman has and not something that has already happened. Alternate translation: “May he bring me” or “I desire him to bring me” (2) an action that has already happened. Alternate translation: “He has brought me”
98	2:4	f7e2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	הֱבִיאַ֨⁠נִי֙	1	Your language might say “took” rather than **brought** in a context such as this. Alternate translation: “He took me”
99	2:4	ift6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	בֵּ֣ית הַ⁠יָּ֔יִן	1	The writer assumes that the readers will understand that the phrase **house of wine** refers to a location to which people went for the purpose of drinking wine. The phrase does not necessarily mean a house, so here it could be referring to the private location that the couple used as their meeting place, (described in [1:17](../01/17.md)). You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the place where wine is drunk” or “the place where wine is served” or “our meeting place”
100	2:4	hxuz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	בֵּ֣ית הַ⁠יָּ֔יִן	1	The woman is referring to a private meeting place, one in which they could enjoy expressing their love for each other. She speaks of it in a polite way by using the phrase **house of wine**, using an image that was meaningful in that culture. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to the meeting place in your language, or you could state its purpose plainly. Alternate translation: “our meeting place so that we could enjoy our love” or “the place where we could celebrate our love for each other” or “the place where we could consummate our love”
101	2:4	rp8q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וְ⁠דִגְל֥⁠וֹ עָלַ֖⁠י אַהֲבָֽה	1	The woman is speaking of the man’s **love** for her as if it were a **banner**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he publicly displays his love for me and his intention is to protect me” or “and he covers me with his love”
102	2:4	jgbx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	וְ⁠דִגְל֥⁠וֹ	1	A **banner** is a flag made from a large piece of cloth that is attached to a long wooden pole. People, groups, and kings had their own unique banners by which they identified themselves. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of flag, you could use the name of something used for a similar purpose in your area, or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “and his flag”
103	2:4	cms6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	וְ⁠דִגְל֥⁠וֹ עָלַ֖⁠י אַהֲבָֽה	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **love**, you could express the same idea in another way or as in the UST.
104	2:5	ddvu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	סַמְּכ֨וּ⁠נִי֙ בָּֽ⁠אֲשִׁישׁ֔וֹת רַפְּד֖וּ⁠נִי בַּ⁠תַּפּוּחִ֑ים	1	These two clauses mean basically the same thing. In the author’s culture both raisins and **apples** were believed to give people strength for love. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional, or you could combine these two clauses into one and use a general expression. Alternate translation: “Sustain me with raisin cakes; yes, refresh me with apples” or “strengthen me with fruit” or “strengthen me for love with fruit”
105	2:5	ukb7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural	סַמְּכ֨וּ⁠נִי֙ & רַפְּד֖וּ⁠נִי	1	The phrases **Sustain me** and **refresh me** are plural imperative forms in the original language. The woman is addressing the man using plural forms to show the intensity of her feelings. Your language may allow you to do the same thing. The ULT indicates this intensity by placing an exclamation point at the end of this verse. Use a natural form in your language for showing intensity of emotion.
106	2:5	t16z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	סַמְּכ֨וּ⁠נִי֙ בָּֽ⁠אֲשִׁישׁ֔וֹת רַפְּד֖וּ⁠נִי בַּ⁠תַּפּוּחִ֑ים כִּי־ חוֹלַ֥ת אַהֲבָ֖ה אָֽנִי	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Because I am sick with love, sustain me with raisin cakes and refresh me with apples”
107	2:5	khc1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	בָּֽ⁠אֲשִׁישׁ֔וֹת	1	A **raisin** is a dried grape. Raisin cakes were cakes made of dried grapes pressed together. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of fruit, you could use the name of something similar in your area, or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “with cakes made of dried fruit”
108	2:5	gs2a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	בַּ⁠תַּפּוּחִ֑ים	1	See how you translated the word “apple” in [2:3](../02/03.md).
109	2:5	y4qy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	כִּי־חוֹלַ֥ת אַהֲבָ֖ה אָֽנִי	1	The woman speaks of feeling **sick with love** as an exaggeration to emphasize the strength of her feelings for the man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “for my love for you is so strong that I feel as if I were sick with love” or “because my love for you overwhelms me like a sickness”
110	2:5	ijwy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	אַהֲבָ֖ה	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **love**, you could express the same idea in another way or as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “longing for you”
111	2:6	m6ys		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	שְׂמֹאל⁠וֹ֙ תַּ֣חַת לְ⁠רֹאשִׁ֔⁠י וִ⁠ימִינ֖⁠וֹ תְּחַבְּקֵֽ⁠נִי	1	This verse could be describing: (1) an action that the man was doing, in which case it should be translated in a similar way to the way that the ULT translates it. (2) a request or wish that the woman has, and not something which has already happened. Alternate translation: “I hope he puts his left arm under my head and holds me close with his right arm” or “I want him to put his left arm under my head and hold me close with his right arm”
112	2:6	u3hl			שְׂמֹאל⁠וֹ֙ תַּ֣חַת לְ⁠רֹאשִׁ֔⁠י	1	Alternate translation: “The man I love cradles my head on his left arm”
113	2:7	l67b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	הִשְׁבַּ֨עְתִּי אֶתְ⁠כֶ֜ם בְּנ֤וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙	1	Here the woman is speaking to the **daughters of Jerusalem** as if they were present, but most likely they are not. Rather, the woman is doing this as a poetic way of giving voice to her strong feelings. Because the author does this intentionally for poetic effect, it is suggested that you do the same. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate this in a footnote.
114	2:7	f8kj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula	הִשְׁבַּ֨עְתִּי אֶתְ⁠כֶ֜ם & בִּ⁠צְבָא֔וֹת א֖וֹ בְּ⁠אַיְל֣וֹת הַ⁠שָּׂדֶ֑ה	1	The phrase **I adjure you** and the word **by** are both parts of a Hebrew oath formula. Use a natural way in your language to express an oath. Alternate translation: “I urge you to promise me … with the female gazelles or the does of the field as our witnesses” or “Please promise me … with the female gazelles or the does of the field as our witnesses” or “I want you to make an oath … with the female gazelles or the does of the field listening”
115	2:7	to30		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	בְּנ֤וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙	1	See how you translated the phrase “daughters of Jerusalem” in [1:5](../01/05.md).
116	2:7	n4wq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	בִּ⁠צְבָא֔וֹת א֖וֹ בְּ⁠אַיְל֣וֹת הַ⁠שָּׂדֶ֑ה	1	Here the woman is using the possessive form to describe the **female gazelles** and **does** that live in **the field**, and therefore are wild, rather than domesticated animals. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could explain the meaning of the phrase **of the field** in your translation. Alternate translation: “by the wild female gazelles and does” or “by the wild female gazelles or the wild does” or “by the female gazelles or the does that live in the wild”
117	2:7	sz5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	בִּ⁠צְבָא֔וֹת	1	A gazelle is an animal, a small type of antelope, that looks and moves like a deer and is similar in size to a deer. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of animal, you could use the name of a similar animal in your area, you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “by the female antelopes”
118	2:7	nt79		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	בְּ⁠אַיְל֣וֹת	1	The writer assumes that the readers will understand that **does** refers to female deer. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the female deer of”
119	2:7	ekc3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	אִם־ תָּעִ֧ירוּ ׀ וְֽ⁠אִם־ תְּעֽוֹרְר֛וּ אֶת־ הָ⁠אַהֲבָ֖ה עַ֥ד שֶׁ⁠תֶּחְפָּֽץ	1	Here, the woman speaks of **love** as if it were a person who could sleep, awaken, and have **desires**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not encourage people to love romantically until the appropriate time” or “do not encourage people to have romantic feelings until the appropriate time”
120	2:7	fz3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	אִם־תָּעִ֧ירוּ ׀ וְֽ⁠אִם־ תְּעֽוֹרְר֛וּ	1	Here, the words **awaken** and **stir** mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “do not awaken” or “do not stir up feelings of”
121	2:7	z2xm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	הָ⁠אַהֲבָ֖ה	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **love**, you could express the same idea in another way or by using the UST as a model.
122	2:8	fq0o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ק֣וֹל דּוֹדִ֔⁠י	1	Here the original language word which the ULT translates as **voice** is being used to get the reader's attention. If it would help your readers, you could indicate that explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “Listen, I hear my beloved speaking” or “Listen, I hear my beloved approaching”
123	2:8	okuh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamation	הִנֵּה	1	**Behold** is an exclamation word that is used to bring attention to the man’s approach. Use an exclamation that would communicate that meaning in your language. See how you translated “Behold” in [1:15](../01/015.md). Alternate translation: “See”
124	2:8	happ		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	בָּ֑א	1	Your language may say “going” rather than **coming** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “is going”
125	2:8	tymi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	מְדַלֵּג֙ עַל־ הֶ֣⁠הָרִ֔ים מְקַפֵּ֖ץ עַל־ הַ⁠גְּבָעֽוֹת	1	These two phrases mean the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine these two phrases and provide emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “leaping over the mountains!” or “leaping and jumping over the mountains and hills!”
126	2:8-9	fr67		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	מְדַלֵּג֙ עַל־הֶ֣⁠הָרִ֔ים מְקַפֵּ֖ץ עַל־הַ⁠גְּבָעֽוֹת & דּוֹמֶ֤ה דוֹדִ⁠י֙ לִ⁠צְבִ֔י א֖וֹ לְ⁠עֹ֣פֶר הָֽ⁠אַיָּלִ֑ים	1	The woman compares the man she loves to a gazelle or a young stag. The point of this comparison is that the man she loves appears strong and exuberant as he approaches her. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “leaping over the mountains, jumping over the hills. My beloved is agile and exhuberant, and he exudes freedom and strength as does a gazelle or young stag”
127	2:8-9	gatn5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	מְדַלֵּג֙ עַל־הֶ֣⁠הָרִ֔ים מְקַפֵּ֖ץ עַל־הַ⁠גְּבָעֽוֹת & דּוֹמֶ֤ה דוֹדִ⁠י֙ לִ⁠צְבִ֔י א֖וֹ לְ⁠עֹ֣פֶר הָֽ⁠אַיָּלִ֑ים	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “My beloved is being like a gazelle or a young stag, leaping over the mountains, jumping over the hills” or “My beloved is being like a gazelle or a young stag, leaping over the mountains, jumping over the hills”
128	2:9	kq5f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	לִ⁠צְבִ֔י	1	See how you translated the plural form, “gazelles,” in [2:7](../02/07.md); then translate this word as the singular form of “gazelles.”
129	2:9	qbs9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	הָֽ⁠אַיָּלִ֑ים	1	The writer assumes that the readers will understand that a **stag** is an adult male deer. You could include this information If it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “adult male deer”
130	2:9	s6z4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	הִנֵּה	1	See how you translated the word **Behold** in [1:15](../01/15.md) where it occurs with the same meaning.
131	2:9	pppj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	זֶ֤ה	1	Here the phrase **this one** refers to the man whom the woman calls **My beloved** in the first part of this verse. If this is not clear for your readers, you could specify the person here. Alternate translation: “this man” or “my beloved”
132	2:9	umf5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	אַחַ֣ר כָּתְלֵ֔⁠נוּ	1	Here, the word **our** refers to the woman and her family and does not include the man, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. Alternate translation: “behind the wall of my house” or “on the other side of the wall of my family’s house”
133	2:9	nuxr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural	הַֽ⁠חֲלֹּנ֔וֹת & הַֽ⁠חֲרַכִּֽים	1	Here, the words **windows** and **lattices** are plural forms and could: (1) have a plural meaning here, indicating that the man was walking around the house and looking into the house through different windows and lattices. (2) be used with singular meanings here, indicating the multiple openings of a single window and lattice. Alternate translation: “the window … the lattice”
134	2:9	s9xt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	הַֽ⁠חֲרַכִּֽים	1	The **lattices** were found inside a window frame. Made of vertical and horizontal strips, they have spaces between them through which a person could look. If your readers would not be familiar with lattices, you could use the name of something similar in your area, or you could use the wording of the UST. Alternate translation: “the screen”
135	2:10	gr22		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	וּ⁠לְכִי־לָֽ⁠ךְ	1	Your language may say “go” rather than **come** in a context such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “and go”
136	2:11	yv91		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	הִנֵּ֥ה	1	The man is speaking as if he wanted the woman to **behold** or look at something. He is using this term to focus her attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Use an exclamation that would communicate that meaning in your language. Alternate translation: “see”
137	2:11	jmbh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	כִּֽי	1	Here, the word **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “this is because”
138	2:11	e658		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ה⁠סתו	1	In Israel, **winter** is the time of year when it is cold and rains more heavily than during other seasons. If the seasons do not vary much in your location, you could explain this with a general expression such as “the cold season,” as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “the cold, rainy season” or “the cold, wet season”
139	2:11	asu3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	ה⁠סתו עָבָ֑ר הַ⁠גֶּ֕שֶׁם חָלַ֖ף	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “the winter has gone; yes, the rain has passed”
140	2:11	qxz4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	עָבָ֑ר	1	Your language may not say **gone** in a context such as this. Alternate translation: “is finished” or “is over”
141	2:11	b8gp			הָלַ֥ךְ לֽ⁠וֹ	1	Alternate translation: “it has ended” or “it has departed”
142	2:11	eh4t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	חָלַ֖ף הָלַ֥ךְ לֽ⁠וֹ	1	The terms **passed** and **went away** mean similar things. The author is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “is over and gone” or “has gone away”
143	2:12	j8f3			בָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ	1	Alternate translation: “throughout the land”
144	2:12	zmw4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	וְ⁠ק֥וֹל הַ⁠תּ֖וֹר נִשְׁמַ֥ע	1	If your language does not use the passive form, you could express the idea of the phrase **the turtledove is heard** in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it is people. Alternate translation: “and people hear the voice of the turtledove” or “and people hear the turtledove cooing”
145	2:13	mk2y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	הַ⁠תְּאֵנָה֙ חָֽנְטָ֣ה פַגֶּ֔י⁠הָ	1	In this verse, the word **tree** is in singular form but refers to all the fig trees as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “The fig trees are ripening their green figs” or “The figs on the trees are becoming ripe”
146	2:13	ef3j			וְ⁠הַ⁠גְּפָנִ֥ים ׀ סְמָדַ֖ר	1	Alternate translation: “and the grapevines are flowering” or “and the grapevines are blossoming”
147	2:13	xg4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	נָ֣תְנוּ רֵ֑יחַ	1	Here, the word **they** refers to the blossoms on the grapevines. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “their flowers give off a pleasant smell” or “their blossoms have a sweet smell”
148	2:13	xhn3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ק֥וּמִי לכי רַעְיָתִ֥⁠י יָפָתִ֖⁠י וּ⁠לְכִי־לָֽ⁠ךְ	1	See how you translated the similar phrase in [2:10](../02/10.md). Alternate translation: “Get up, go, my darling, my beauty, and go”
149	2:14	m3n1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	יוֹנָתִ֞⁠י	1	Here, the phrase **My dove** could be: (1) the man speaking directly to the woman. Alternate translation: “O my dove” (2) the man speaking about the woman rather than speaking to her directly. Alternate translation: “The woman I love is a dove”
150	2:14	wv7q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	יוֹנָתִ֞⁠י בְּ⁠חַגְוֵ֣י הַ⁠סֶּ֗לַע בְּ⁠סֵ֨תֶר֙ הַ⁠מַּדְרֵגָ֔ה	1	Here, the man speaks to the woman he loves as if she were his **dove**. He then tells her the way in which she is like a dove. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “O my one who is like a dove. You are like a gentle and timid dove which hides in the clefts of the rock and in the hiding places of the cliff” or “You are like a dove, like a gentle and shy dove which hides in the clefts of the rock and in the hiding places of the cliff” or “You are like a dove, far away in the clefts of the rock, in the hiding places of the cliff”
151	2:14	y6rv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	בְּ⁠חַגְוֵ֣י הַ⁠סֶּ֗לַע בְּ⁠סֵ֨תֶר֙ הַ⁠מַּדְרֵגָ֔ה	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word such as “yes” in order to show that the second phrase is repeating a similar idea to the first one, not saying something additional. You could also combine the two lines as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “in the clefts of the rock, yes, in the hiding places of the cliff”
152	2:14	zje5			בְּ⁠חַגְוֵ֣י הַ⁠סֶּ֗לַע	1	Alternate translation: “in the cracks of the rock”
153	2:14	kkup		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	הַרְאִ֨י⁠נִי֙ אֶתּ־מַרְאַ֔יִ⁠ךְ הַשְׁמִיעִ֖י⁠נִי אֶת־קוֹלֵ֑⁠ךְ כִּי־קוֹלֵ֥⁠ךְ עָרֵ֖ב וּ⁠מַרְאֵ֥י⁠ךְ נָאוֶֽה	1	Here two ideas are presented and then they are further explained in reverse order. This is called a chiasm. Biblical Hebrew sometimes uses this literary device. If possible, try to follow this AB-BA sequence of presenting the information here. See the chapter introduction for more information regarding chiasms.
154	2:14	be0w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	הַרְאִ֨י⁠נִי֙ אֶתּ־ מַרְאַ֔יִ⁠ךְ הַשְׁמִיעִ֖י⁠נִי	1	The phrases **show me** and **make me hear** are imperatives, but they communicate a polite request rather than a command. Use forms in your language that communicate a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” or “let” to make this be clear. Alternate translation: “please let me see your appearance, please let me hear” or “let me see you, let me hear”
155	2:14	datu			קוֹלֵ֥⁠ךְ עָרֵ֖ב	1	Alternate translation: “your voice is sweet-sounding” or “your voice sounds beautiful”
156	2:15	xns5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אֶֽחֱזוּ־לָ֨⁠נוּ֙ שֽׁוּעָלִ֔ים שֽׁוּעָלִ֥ים קְטַנִּ֖ים מְחַבְּלִ֣ים כְּרָמִ֑ים וּ⁠כְרָמֵ֖י⁠נוּ סְמָדַֽר	1	Here the writer is speaking of **the foxes** as if they represent things, perhaps even other men, who could harm the man and woman’s developing relationship with each other. Catching **the foxes** represents removing them or protecting against them. The **vineyards** represent the love the man and woman have for each other. The phrase **in blossom** means that their love is growing, similar to how a plant blossoms and grows. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Get rid of the harmful things that hinder and damage our relationship, for our relationship is blossoming” or “Remove the little things that threaten our growing relationship” or “There are other men who are like little foxes that ruin vineyards; do not allow those men to attack me”
157	2:15	dac9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	לָ֨⁠נוּ֙ שֽׁוּעָלִ֔ים שֽׁוּעָלִ֥ים קְטַנִּ֖ים	1	It is possible that the word that the ULT translates as **foxes** could, instead, refer to jackals. Jackals are wild dogs that resemble wolves and coyotes. Alternate translation: “the jackals for us, the little jackals”
158	2:15	170A		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	לָ֨⁠נוּ֙ שֽׁוּעָלִ֔ים שֽׁוּעָלִ֥ים קְטַנִּ֖ים	1	Both **foxes** and jackals are land animals that are similar to small dogs and would ruin vineyards by digging up roots and eating the budding blossoms. If your readers would not be familiar with these animals and their habits, you could use the name of something similar in your area, or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the dog-like animals for us, the little dog-like animals”
159	2:15	v31m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	לָ֨⁠נוּ֙ & וּ⁠כְרָמֵ֖י⁠נוּ	1	Here, the words **us** and **our** refer to the woman and the man, so use the inclusive forms of these words if your language marks that distinction.
160	2:15	kg0i			וּ⁠כְרָמֵ֖י⁠נוּ סְמָדַֽר	1	Alternate translation: “because the grapevines in our vineyards are blooming” or “because our grapevines are in bloom”
161	2:16	zb2r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	דּוֹדִ֥⁠י לִ⁠י֙ וַ⁠אֲנִ֣י ל֔⁠וֹ	1	The woman is speaking about the man in the third person even though she is most likely speaking directly to the man. This is common in Hebrew poetry. If this would not be natural in your language, you can translate this in a way that indicates that the woman is speaking directly to the man. Alternate translation: “My beloved, you belong to me, and I belong to you”
162	2:16	lxy4			הָ⁠רֹעֶ֖ה בַּ⁠שּׁוֹשַׁנִּֽים	1	The phrase **the man grazing among the lilies** could mean: (1) that the man himself is grazing among the lilies. (2) that the man grazes his flock of animals among the lilies. Alternate translation: “the man grazing his flock among the lilies”
163	2:16	n6c3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	הָ⁠רֹעֶ֖ה בַּ⁠שּׁוֹשַׁנִּֽים	1	Here the woman is speaking of the man as if he were “a gazelle or a young stag” ([2:9](../02/09.md)) that eats **among the lilies**. She is using **lilies** to represent herself as she did in [2:1](../02/01.md). Here, **the lilies** probably represent the woman’s lips. The meaning here is that the man finds sustenance and enjoyment through being with the woman and kissing her lips. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my beloved gets pleasure grazing among the lilies” or “my beloved gets pleasure as he grazes among the lilies”
164	2:16	x5db		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	בַּ⁠שּׁוֹשַׁנִּֽים	1	See how you translated “lily” (the singular form of **lilies**) in [2:1](../02/01.md).
165	2:17	p2uq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	שֶׁ⁠יָּפ֨וּחַ֙ הַ⁠יּ֔וֹם וְ⁠נָ֖סוּ הַ⁠צְּלָלִ֑ים	1	The phrases **the day breathes** and **the shadows flee** are parallel ideas which have similar meanings. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry is based on this type of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. Together, they both either refer to: (1) the evening time, when the evening breeze blows (**breathes**) and the shadows cast by the sun disappear (**flee**). Alternate translation: “the evening time when the breeze blows and the shadows cast by the sun disappear” (2) the morning time, when the light from the sun dawns and the morning breeze blows (**breathes**). Alternate translation: “dawn tomorrow morning, when the darkness disappears”
166	2:17	h2b1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	וְ⁠נָ֖סוּ הַ⁠צְּלָלִ֑ים	1	Here, the author is leaving out the word **until**, which in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and until the shadows flee”
167	2:17	scgd			סֹב֩ דְּמֵה־לְ⁠ךָ֨ דוֹדִ֜⁠י	1	Alternate translation: “turn; my beloved, and be like”
168	2:17	d8mw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	לִ⁠צְבִ֗י	1	See how you translated the plural form “gazelles” in [2:7](../02/07.md), and translate this word as the singular form of “gazelles.”
169	2:17	iwlq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate	הָ֥רֵי בָֽתֶר	1	The word **Bether** is a word borrowed from the Hebrew that means “cleft” or “divided.” You will need to decide if you will borrow it into your language or if you will translate the meaning. Either approach has broad support. Here it could: (1) be a proper name that refers to a specific place in Israel. If you choose this option, then in your translation you could spell it the way that it sounds in your language and then put the meaning in a footnote. (2) be a description of **the mountains**. Alternate translation: “the cleft mountains” or “the rugged mountains” or “the mountain gorges”
170	3:intro	t72h				0	# Song of Songs 3 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Longing\n\n[3:1-3](../03/01.md) describes the feeling of longing that the woman has for the man she loves, and it describes her diligently seeking him. [3:4]../03/04.md) describes the woman finding the man she loves, holding onto him, and bringing him to her mother’s house.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Whether [3:1-4](../03/01.md) describe a dream, a real event or something imagined\n\nBible scholars do not know for certain whether the events described in [3:1-4](../03/01.md) are real events or something that the woman dreamed or imagined. Many Bible scholars think that [3:1-4](../03/01.md) describes a dream. You may wish to explain this in a footnote, or you could indicate in a section header whether you think this is a dream, a real event or something she imagined. You could also use a general section header such as “The woman searches for the man she loves and finds him” which does not indicate whether this was a dream, a real event or something imagined.
171	3:1	gagz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	עַל־ מִשְׁכָּבִ⁠י֙ בַּ⁠לֵּיל֔וֹת	1	Because Bible scholars do not know if the events described in [3:1-4](../03/01.md) describe real events, dreams, or things imagined, you should not expand on or explain the phrase **On my bed in the night** in the text. However, you may wish to make reference to these possibilities in a header or footnote. See the section “Translation Issues in This Chapter” in the chapter introduction for more information.
172	3:1	eds0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural	בַּ⁠לֵּיל֔וֹת	1	In the original language, the phrase **in the night** uses a plural form of **night** and could mean that the woman: (1) sought the man during the night. Alternate translation: “during the night” (2) sought the man throughout the night. Alternate translation: “throughout the night” or “all night long” (3) sought the man on many nights. Alternate translation: “night after night”
173	3:1	ks2u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	בִּקַּ֕שְׁתִּי אֵ֥ת שֶׁ⁠אָהֲבָ֖ה נַפְשִׁ֑⁠י בִּקַּשְׁתִּ֖י⁠ו	1	The phrase **I sought him** is repeated for emphasis. Hebrew poetry often uses repetition for emphasis. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to show the emphasis here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “I desperately sought him whom my soul loves” or “I earnestly sought him whom my soul loves”
174	3:1	hu3u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	אֵ֥ת שֶׁ⁠אָהֲבָ֖ה נַפְשִׁ֑⁠י	1	See how you translated the similar phrase “you whom my soul loves” in [1:7](../01/07.md). Alternate translation: “him whom I love”
175	3:2	zqaa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	אָק֨וּמָה נָּ֜א	1	The writer assumes that the readers will understand that the woman is thinking or saying this to herself. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I thought to myself, ‘I will get up now’”
176	3:2	uyu7			וַ⁠אֲסוֹבְבָ֣ה בָ⁠עִ֗יר	1	Alternate translation: “and walk through the city”
177	3:2	x9ki		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	וּ⁠בָ֣⁠רְחֹב֔וֹת	1	The word **squares** refers to spacious open places where people gathered to sell things and conduct business and legal matters. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of place, you could use the name of something similar in your area, or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “and in the open plazas” or “and in the wide-open places”
178	3:2	afu9			אֲבַקְשָׁ֕ה & בִּקַּשְׁתִּ֖י⁠ו	1	Alternate translation: “I will look for … I looked for him”
179	3:2	tqsh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	אֵ֥ת שֶׁ⁠אָהֲבָ֖ה נַפְשִׁ֑⁠י	1	See how you translated the similar phrase “you whom my soul loves” in [1:7](../01/07.md). Alternate translation: “him whom I love”
180	3:3	rdd5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	הַ⁠שֹּׁ֣מְרִ֔ים	1	The word **guards** refers to men who had the job of walking about the city during the night for the purpose of keeping the people safe. If your readers would not be familiar with this term, you could use the name of something similar in your area, or you could use a more general term.
181	3:3	ha13		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	אֵ֛ת שֶׁ⁠אָהֲבָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖⁠י רְאִיתֶֽם	1	The woman is asking the guards a question. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I said to them, ‘Have you seen him whom my soul loves’”
182	3:3	pab8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	אֵ֛ת שֶׁ⁠אָהֲבָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖⁠י	1	See how you translated the similar phrase “you whom my soul loves” in [1:7](../01/07.md). Alternate translation: “him whom I love”
183	3:3	j24q			אֵ֛ת שֶׁ⁠אָהֲבָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖⁠י רְאִיתֶֽם	1	Alternate translation: “Do you know where the man who I love is?”
184	3:4	x68x			כִּ⁠מְעַט֙	1	Alternate translation: “Scarcely”
185	3:4	frj6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	אֵ֥ת שֶׁ⁠אָהֲבָ֖ה נַפְשִׁ֑⁠י	1	See how you translated the similar phrase “you whom my soul loves” in [1:7](../01/07.md). Alternate translation: “him whom I love”
186	3:4	zhgq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	שֶׁ֤⁠הֲבֵיאתִי⁠ו֙	1	Your language may say “taken” rather than **brought** in a context such as this. Use whichever is more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I had taken him”
187	3:4	xfcj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	שֶׁ֤⁠הֲבֵיאתִי⁠ו֙ אֶל־ בֵּ֣ית אִמִּ֔⁠י וְ⁠אֶל־ חֶ֖דֶר הוֹרָתִֽ⁠י	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than “and” in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “I had brought him to the house of my mother; yes, to the room of the woman who had conceived me”
188	3:5	a3y1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	הִשְׁבַּ֨עְתִּי אֶתְ⁠כֶ֜ם בְּנ֤וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ בִּ⁠צְבָא֔וֹת א֖וֹ בְּ⁠אַיְל֣וֹת הַ⁠שָּׂדֶ֑ה אִם־תָּעִ֧ירוּ ׀ וְֽ⁠אִם־תְּעֽוֹרְר֛וּ אֶת־הָ⁠אַהֲבָ֖ה עַ֥ד שֶׁ⁠תֶּחְפָּֽץ	1	This verse is identical to [Song of Songs 2:7](../02/07.md). Translate this verse exactly as you translated that verse. This verse is a refrain (a repeated phrase). Refrains are a common feature of poetry. This refrain closes section 2:8-3:5.
189	3:6	si0q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	זֹ֗את עֹלָה֙ מִן־הַ⁠מִּדְבָּ֔ר	1	The word translated as **that** here could refer to: (1) Solomon’s “litter,” which is named in the following verse. Alternate translation: “is that group of people arising from the wilderness” (2) the woman. Alternate translation: “is this woman arising from the wilderness”
190	3:6	y8wr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	עֹלָה֙	1	The writer assumes that the readers will understand that the phrase **coming up** describes the group of people traveling from the wilderness to Jerusalem because the wilderness is in the valley and Jerusalem is built on high hills. Use a word or phrase that expresses moving upward in elevation. Alternate translation: “moving upward” or “arising”
191	3:6	z138		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	עֹלָה֙	1	Your language may say “going” rather than **coming** in a context such as this. Use whichever is more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “going up”
192	3:6	y4z0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	כְּ⁠תִֽימֲר֖וֹת עָשָׁ֑ן מְקֻטֶּ֤רֶת מוֹר֙ וּ⁠לְבוֹנָ֔ה	1	The writer is saying that the dust clouds created by a group of people traveling in a dry area are **like columns of smoke, ... of myrrh and frankincense**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “creating a dust cloud that resembles a column of smoke, which resembles the fragrant smoke of myrrh and frankincense”
193	3:6	ej84		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	כְּ⁠תִֽימֲר֖וֹת עָשָׁ֑ן מְקֻטֶּ֤רֶת מוֹר֙ וּ⁠לְבוֹנָ֔ה	1	Here, the phrase **fragrant smoke of myrrh and frankincense** could: (1) be further describing the words **coming up**. Alternate translation: “creating dust clouds that resemble rising columns of smoke; Yes, creating dust clouds that resemble the fragrant smoke of myrrh and frankincense” (2) describing the phrase **columns of smoke**. Alternate translation: “like a column of smoke, incensed with myrrh and frankincense”
194	3:6	vbjm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	מְקֻטֶּ֤רֶת	1	The writer is leaving out a word that in many languages a sentence would need to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “like fragrant smoke of”
195	3:6	w7kr			מוֹר֙	1	Alternate translation: “the sweet smelling incense made from the resin of a myrrh tree”
196	3:6	i42j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	מִ⁠כֹּ֖ל אַבְקַ֥ת רוֹכֵֽל	1	If the connection between this statement and the previous one is not clear, you may want to use connecting words to show how this statement relates to the one that came before it. Use a natural form in your language for connecting this statement to the previous one. The word translated as **from all** could: (1) be introducing **the powders of the merchant** as additional information about myrrh and frankincense. Alternate translation: “which are among the powders of the merchant” (2) indicate that **the powders of the merchant** are being introduced as additional things the merchant sells. Alternate translation: “and other powders of the merchants”
197	3:7	ldh8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	הִנֵּ֗ה	1	See how you translated the word **Behold** in [1:15](../01/15.md) where it occurs with the same meaning.
198	3:7	sa19		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	מִטָּת⁠וֹ֙	1	A **litter** was a portable bed or couch used to carry important people from place to place. It was carried by wooden poles that were attached to it. This litter probably had a canopy on top that functioned as a roof and curtains around it that could be opened and closed. If your readers would be unfamiliar with this term, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “his portable couch”
199	3:7	ui2b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	מִטָּת⁠וֹ֙ שֶׁ⁠לִּ⁠שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה	1	The phrase **his litter, which {belongs} to Solomon** could mean: (1) that the woman was riding on the litter which belonged to Solomon and which he had sent for her. The UST models this interpretation. (2) that Solomon himself was riding in the litter. Alternate translation: “Solomon riding in his royal portable chair”
200	3:8	v2yx			מְלֻמְּדֵ֖י מִלְחָמָ֑ה	1	Alternate translation: “trained in warfare” or “all of them have been trained to use their swords”
201	3:8	cttn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	אִ֤ישׁ חַרְבּ⁠וֹ֙ עַל־יְרֵכ֔⁠וֹ מִ⁠פַּ֖חַד בַּ⁠לֵּילּֽוֹת׃	1	The implication is that **Each one has his sword at his thigh** means that his sword is strapped to his thigh so that it is ready to use to defend **against the terrors in the nights**. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Each warrior has his sword strapped to his thigh so that it is ready to use against the terrors in the nights” or “Each warrior has his sword ready to use to defend against the terrors in the nights”
202	3:8	z214		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	מִ⁠פַּ֖חַד בַּ⁠לֵּילּֽוֹת	1	The phrase **against the terrors in the nights** means “ready to defend against the terrifying things that could happen on any given night.” You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “ready to guard against dangers that happen during the night” or “ready to defend against the dangers of the night”
203	3:9-10	tq2c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	אַפִּרְי֗וֹן עָ֤שָׂה ל⁠וֹ֙ הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה מֵ⁠עֲצֵ֖י הַ⁠לְּבָנֽוֹן & עַמּוּדָי⁠ו֙ עָ֣שָׂה כֶ֔סֶף רְפִידָת֣⁠וֹ זָהָ֔ב מֶרְכָּב֖⁠וֹ אַרְגָּמָ֑ן תּוֹכ⁠וֹ֙ רָצ֣וּף אַהֲבָ֔ה מִ⁠בְּנ֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם	1	These two verses give background information about the **palanquin** to help readers understand the description more completely. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information.
204	3:9-10	iko4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	אַפִּרְי֗וֹן עָ֤שָׂה ל⁠וֹ֙ & עַמּוּדָי⁠ו֙ עָ֣שָׂה כֶ֔סֶף	1	The implication is that Solomon had people make **a palanquin** for him, not that he made the palanquin himself. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “He had craftsmen make him a palanquin…He had craftsmen make its post with silver” or “He had a palanquin made for him…He had its posts made with silver”
205	3:9	hlf4			הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה מֵ⁠עֲצֵ֖י הַ⁠לְּבָנֽוֹן	1	Alternate translation: “King Solomon had it made from the trees in Lebanon”
206	3:10	xnj4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	עַמּוּדָי⁠ו֙ עָ֣שָׂה כֶ֔סֶף	1	The writer assumes that the readers will know that the **posts** were made of wood and overlaid with **silver**. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “He made its posts of wood that was overlaid with silver” or “He made its posts of wood covered in silver”
207	3:10	q4nz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	רְפִידָת֣⁠וֹ זָהָ֔ב	1	The writer is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. The phrase **its back gold** could mean: (1) that the base or foundation of the “palanquin” was covered in gold. Alternate translation: “its foundation was covered in gold” or “its base of gold” (2) the back of the chair was covered in gold. Alternate translation: “its back is made from gold”
208	3:10	akoo			מֶרְכָּב֖⁠וֹ אַרְגָּמָ֑ן	1	Alternate translation: “and covered the cushion with purple cloth”
209	3:10	clqf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	תּוֹכ⁠וֹ֙ רָצ֣וּף אַהֲבָ֔ה מִ⁠בְּנ֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The daughters of Jerusalem fitted its interior with love”
210	3:10	m0yx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	תּוֹכ⁠וֹ֙ רָצ֣וּף אַהֲבָ֔ה מִ⁠בְּנ֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **love**, you could express the same idea in another way that is natural in your language.
211	3:10	oki8			תּוֹכ⁠וֹ֙ רָצ֣וּף אַהֲבָ֔ה מִ⁠בְּנ֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם	1	Alternate translation: “The inside of it was lovingly inlaid with decorations by the women of Jerusalem”
212	3:10	bjfn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	מִ⁠בְּנ֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם	1	See how you translated the phrase **daughters of Jerusalem** in [1:5](../01/05.md).
213	3:11	zwp2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	צְאֶ֧ינָה	1	Your language may say “Come out” rather than **Go out** in a context such as this. Use whichever is more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Come out”
214	3:11	i961		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	בְּנ֥וֹת צִיּ֖וֹן	1	Here the possessive form **daughters of Zion** is a poetic way of describing the young women who were from the city of Jerusalem (These are probably the same women as the “marriageable women” in [1:3](../01/03.md) and the women referred to as “daughters of Jerusalem” in [2:7](../02/07.md) and [3:5](../03/05.md)). If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could indicate the association between these young women and **Zion** in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “young women from Zion” or “young women from the city of Zion” or “you young women who live in Zion”
215	3:11	zhva		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	וּ⁠בְ⁠י֖וֹם שִׂמְחַ֥ת לִבּֽ⁠וֹ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **joy**, you could express the same idea in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “on the day his heart was exceedingly joyful” or “on the day when his heart was very joyful”
216	3:11	ei7z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	וּ⁠בְ⁠י֖וֹם שִׂמְחַ֥ת לִבּֽ⁠וֹ	1	Here, **heart** represents Solomon’s inner being which the Jews viewed as the center of a person's mind and feelings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly.
217	4:1	rg3f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	הִנָּ֨⁠ךְ יָפָ֤ה רַעְיָתִ⁠י֙ הִנָּ֣⁠ךְ יָפָ֔ה	1	See how you translated these two parallel phrases in [1:15](../01/15.md).
218	4:1	m3g6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	עֵינַ֣יִ⁠ךְ יוֹנִ֔ים מִ⁠בַּ֖עַד לְ⁠צַמָּתֵ֑⁠ךְ	1	See how you translated the phrase **Your eyes are doves** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
219	4:1	pnn4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	שַׂעְרֵ⁠ךְ֙ כְּ⁠עֵ֣דֶר הָֽ⁠עִזִּ֔ים שֶׁ⁠גָּלְשׁ֖וּ מֵ⁠הַ֥ר גִּלְעָֽד	1	The writer is saying that both the color and the motion of the woman’s **hair** is being compared to **a flock of goats that hop down from the slopes of Gilead**. The original readers would have understood this to mean that the woman’s hair was black since goats in Israel were also black. Seen from a distance, a flock of black goats descending from the heights of Mount Gilead would have created a majestic visual effect because the goats would have looked like one long flowing mass of black. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Your black hair moves in graceful waves like a flock of black goats moving down the slopes of Mount Gilead” or “Your long black hair flows in graceful waves like a flock of black goats coming down the slopes of Mount Gilead”
220	4:2	bdg1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	שִׁנַּ֨יִ⁠ךְ֙ כְּ⁠עֵ֣דֶר הַ⁠קְּצוּב֔וֹת שֶׁ⁠עָל֖וּ מִן־ הָ⁠רַחְצָ֑ה	1	The writer is saying that the color (white) of the woman’s teeth is being compared to the color (white) of sheep after they have been shorn and washed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly.
221	4:2	cj59		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	הַ⁠קְּצוּב֔וֹת	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, it is implied that “shepherds” did it. Alternate translation: “sheep whose wool shepherds have cut off” or “sheep whose wool people have cut off”
222	4:2	cqgq			מַתְאִימ֔וֹת	1	Alternate translation: “give birth to twins”
223	4:2	jw1w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	שֶׁ⁠כֻּלָּ⁠ם֙ מַתְאִימ֔וֹת וְ⁠שַׁכֻּלָ֖ה אֵ֥ין בָּ⁠הֶֽם	1	The writer is stating that the woman’s teeth are like a flock of female sheep which have all given birth to twin lambs because each of the woman’s teeth has a matching tooth on the other side of her mouth. She has not lost any of her teeth. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “As a flock of female sheep that has born twin lambs without losing any, so your mouth has its teeth, each with a match, and none of them are missing”
224	4:2	sb14			וְ⁠שַׁכֻּלָ֖ה אֵ֥ין בָּ⁠הֶֽם	1	Alternate translation: “and there is not one among them which has died”
225	4:3	t9kf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	כְּ⁠ח֤וּט הַ⁠שָּׁנִי֙ שִׂפְתֹתַ֔יִ⁠ךְ	1	The writer is stating that the woman’s lips were **scarlet**, a bright red color. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state that explicitly. Also if it would help your readers, you could use a term for a material that is thicker than thread such as ribbon. Alternate translation: “Your lips are a beautiful red like scarlet thread” or “Your lips are a beautiful red like scarlet ribbon”
226	4:3	x68e			כְּ⁠פֶ֤לַח הָֽ⁠רִמּוֹן֙ רַקָּתֵ֔⁠ךְ	1	The term translated as **cheeks** could: (1) refer to the woman’s two cheeks on the side of her mouth. (2) be translated as “temples” and refer to the woman’s two temples on the side of her forehead. Alternate translation: “Like a slice of pomegranate are your temples” (3) be translated as “forehead.” Alternate translation: “Like a slice of pomegranate is your forehead”
227	4:3	j2a3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	כְּ⁠פֶ֤לַח הָֽ⁠רִמּוֹן֙ רַקָּתֵ֔⁠ךְ	1	The writer could be comparing: (1) the shape of the woman’s **cheeks** to the shape of a **pomegranate** which has been sliced in half and to the red outside color of a pomegranate. Alternate translation: “Your cheeks are red and rounded like a slice of pomegranate” or “Your cheeks resemble the color and shape of a slice of pomegranate” (or if you decided that the term **cheeks** refers to the woman’s temples “Your temples are red like a slice of pomegranate”) (2) the way the woman’s cheeks looked through the inside of the veil to the color and pattern of the inside of a pomegranate which has been sliced in half. Alternate translation: “Your cheeks resemble the color and pattern of the inside of a slice of pomegranate” (or if you decided that the term **cheeks** refers to the woman’s temples “Your temples are the color of the inside of a slice of pomegranate”)
228	4:3	y47i			מִ⁠בַּ֖עַד לְ⁠צַמָּתֵֽ⁠ךְ	1	See how you translated the phrase **from behind your veil** in [4:1](../04/01.md).
229	4:4	i3qt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	כְּ⁠מִגְדַּ֤ל דָּוִיד֙ צַוָּארֵ֔⁠ךְ בָּנ֖וּי לְ⁠תַלְפִּיּ֑וֹת	1	The writer is saying that the woman’s **neck** is like **the tower of David** which was a tall fortress **built of layers** or rows. A long neck was considered beautiful in the author’s culture. King David built some of his towers of beautiful marble rock. It is probable that this tower was made from marble since it is compared to the beauty of the woman’s neck. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Your neck is long and beautiful like the tower of David” or “Your neck is beautiful like the tower of David”
230	4:4	gvns		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	כְּ⁠מִגְדַּ֤ל דָּוִיד֙	1	The **tower of David** was a tall building that was built for defense. Towers were significantly taller than other buildings and often were not wide. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of structure, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “Like the tall, narrow defense structure of David is” or “Like David’s tall thin rock defense building is”
231	4:4	v4ae		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	בָּנ֖וּי לְ⁠תַלְפִּיּ֑וֹת	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, the context implies that David instructed men to build it. Alternate translation: “that men built in layers” or “which David instructed men to build of layers” or “that David had men build of layers”
232	4:4	vwef			בָּנ֖וּי לְ⁠תַלְפִּיּ֑וֹת	1	Alternate translation: “built using rows of stones”
233	4:4	byh2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	אֶ֤לֶף	1	In the author's culture, the number **a thousand** was often used to represent a very large, but not precise, amount. This is how the number is being used here. Alternate translation: “with many”
234	4:4	swd3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	אֶ֤לֶף הַ⁠מָּגֵן֙ תָּל֣וּי עָלָ֔י⁠ו כֹּ֖ל שִׁלְטֵ֥י הַ⁠גִּבּוֹרִֽים	1	The phrase **all the shields of the warriors** is parallel to the statement **a thousand shields hanging on it** and adds the additional information that the **shields** belonged to **warriors**. Hebrew poetry often used this kind of parallel statement, in which the second line gives additional information, so it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect these two parallel phrases with “each of which are” or “each one” in order to show that the second phrase is not repeating the first one, but rather saying something additional. Alternate translation: “a thousand shields hanging on it, each of which belongs to the warriors” or “a thousand shields hanging on it, each one belonging to the warriors”
235	4:5	ea9j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	שְׁנֵ֥י שָׁדַ֛יִ⁠ךְ כִּ⁠שְׁנֵ֥י עֳפָרִ֖ים תְּאוֹמֵ֣י צְבִיָּ֑ה הָ⁠רוֹעִ֖ים בַּ⁠שּׁוֹשַׁנִּֽים	1	Here, the man compares the woman’s **two breasts** to young twin gazelles. The context does not explicitly indicate how exactly the woman’s two breasts are like two young gazelles so you could simply say that they resemble young gazelles or if it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a general point of comparison between the woman’s **breasts** and the young gazelles such as their beauty as modeled by the UST.
236	4:5	gu86		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	צְבִיָּ֑ה	1	See how you translated the plural form “gazelles” in [2:7](../02/07.md).
237	4:5	bb93		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	בַּ⁠שּׁוֹשַׁנִּֽים	1	See how you translated the singular form “lily” in [2:1](../02/01.md).
238	4:6	y1xu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	עַ֤ד שֶׁ⁠יָּפ֨וּחַ֙ הַ⁠יּ֔וֹם וְ⁠נָ֖סוּ הַ⁠צְּלָלִ֑ים	1	See how you translated the phrase **Until the day breathes and the shadows flee** in [2:17](../02/17.md).
239	4:6	xt1n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	אֵ֤לֶךְ לִ⁠י֙	1	Your language may say “come” rather than **go** in a context such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “I myself will come”
240	4:6	yze6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	הַ⁠מּ֔וֹר	1	See how you translated **myrrh** in [1:13](../01/13.md).
241	4:6	re83		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אֵ֤לֶךְ לִ⁠י֙ אֶל־הַ֣ר הַ⁠מּ֔וֹר וְ⁠אֶל־גִּבְעַ֖ת הַ⁠לְּבוֹנָֽה	1	Here the writer is speaking of **the mountain of myrrh** and **the hill of frankincense** as if they are the woman’s “breasts”. The man is discreetly indicating that his bride's breasts are pleasant smelling and that he wants to enjoy them. It would be good to retain this discreet and beautiful poetic imagery if possible. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly or by using a simile. Alternate translation: “I myself will go to your breasts, which are like two sweet-smelling mountains” or “I myself will be close to your breasts, which are like two pleasant smelling hills”
242	4:7	wt7k			כֻּלָּ֤⁠ךְ יָפָה֙	1	Alternate translation: “Every part of you is beautiful”
243	4:8	ojmm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אִתִּ֤⁠י מִ⁠לְּבָנוֹן֙ כַּלָּ֔ה אִתִּ֖⁠י מִ⁠לְּבָנ֣וֹן תָּב֑וֹאִי תָּשׁ֣וּרִי ׀ מֵ⁠רֹ֣אשׁ אֲמָנָ֗ה מֵ⁠רֹ֤אשׁ שְׂנִיר֙ וְ⁠חֶרְמ֔וֹן מִ⁠מְּעֹנ֣וֹת אֲרָי֔וֹת מֵֽ⁠הַרְרֵ֖י נְמֵרִֽים	1	This entire verse is a metaphor. This is poetry and the writer is not literally indicating that the woman is in the mountains and in danger. Rather, he is using this metaphor to express his feelings regarding the distance between them and his strong desire to have her near him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly.
244	4:8	h4yw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	אִתִּ֤⁠י & תָּב֑וֹאִי	1	Your language may say “go” rather than **come** in contexts such as these. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “Go with me … go”
245	4:8	hwn4			תָּשׁ֣וּרִי	1	The word translated as **Descend** here could mean: (1) to come down from a height. Alternate translation: “Climb down” (2) to bend down and look. Alternate translation: “Bend down and look”
246	4:8	m2km		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	מֵ⁠רֹ֣אשׁ אֲמָנָ֗ה מֵ⁠רֹ֤אשׁ שְׂנִיר֙ וְ⁠חֶרְמ֔וֹן	1	**Hermon** is a mountain range in northern Israel and **Amana** and **Senir** are both mountain peaks.
247	4:8	l03h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	מִ⁠מְּעֹנ֣וֹת אֲרָי֔וֹת מֵֽ⁠הַרְרֵ֖י נְמֵרִֽים	1	These two phrases mean very similar things. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful for your readers, you could combine these two phrases into one as modeled by the UST.
248	4:9	waew		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	לִבַּבְתִּ֖⁠נִי אֲחֹתִ֣⁠י כַלָּ֑ה לִבַּבְתִּ֨י⁠נִי֙	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could also add the word “yes” to show that the phrase **you have enchanted my heart** is repeated in order to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “My sister, my bride; you have enchanted my heart. Yes, you have enchanted my heart”
249	4:9	d7n7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	לִבַּבְתִּ֖⁠נִי & לִבַּבְתִּ֨י⁠נִי֙	1	The phrase translated as **you have enchanted my heart** is an idiom which could mean: (1) to steal or capture a person’s heart. In Jewish thinking the heart was the center of a person's thinking. This phrase probably also meant that he was so in love that he could not think clearly. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have that meaning or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You have captured my heart … you have captured my heart” or “It is as though you have captured my heart … it is as though you have captured my heart” or “You have made me feel so in love with you that it is as if I have lost my mind … you have made me feel so in love with you that it is as if I have lost my mind” (2) the woman had made the man’s heart beat faster. Alternate translation: “You have caused my heart to beat fast … you have caused my heart to beat fast” (3) that the woman had encouraged the man’s heart. Alternate translation: “You have encouraged my heart … you have encouraged my heart” or “You have given me heart … you have given me heart”
250	4:9	vdf7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אֲחֹתִ֣⁠י	1	Here, the man is speaking of the woman as if she were **my sister**. This is a term of endearment which expresses affection, close companionship and a deep emotional bond between the lovers. The man and woman are not actually brother and sister. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different term of endearment or state the meaning plainly.
251	4:10	qy7v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamation	מַה־ & מַה־	1	Here, the word **How** is used as an exclamation to emphasize two statements about how wonderful the woman’s love is. Use an exclamation that would communicate that meaning in your language.
252	4:10	v1gy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אֲחֹתִ֣⁠י	1	See how you translated the phrase **my sister** in [4:9](../04/09.md).
253	4:10	pb12		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	מַה־יָּפ֥וּ דֹדַ֖יִ⁠ךְ אֲחֹתִ֣⁠י כַלָּ֑ה מַה־טֹּ֤בוּ דֹדַ֨יִ⁠ךְ֙ מִ⁠יַּ֔יִן	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “My sister, my bride; how your love is beautiful! How your love is better than wine”
254	4:10	ibb8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	מַה־יָּפ֥וּ דֹדַ֖יִ⁠ךְ & מַה־טֹּ֤בוּ דֹדַ֨יִ⁠ךְ֙ מִ⁠יַּ֔יִן	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **love**, you could express the same idea in another way that is natural in your language.
255	4:10	d1m6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	שְׁמָנַ֖יִ⁠ךְ	1	Here, **oils** refers to perfumes. In the author’s culture pleasant-smelling spices were mixed into olive oil in order to make perfume which was put on the skin. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “your scented oils {are better}” or “the perfumed oils on your skin {are better}”
256	4:10	ts8k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	שְׁמָנַ֖יִ⁠ךְ	1	The writer is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need to be complete. You could supply the words “is better” from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language.
257	4:11	fw88		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	נֹ֛פֶת תִּטֹּ֥פְנָה שִׂפְתוֹתַ֖יִ⁠ךְ	1	Here the woman’s **lips** refer to the kisses from her lips. The man says that her **lips drip with nectar** to indicate the pleasantness of her kisses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Your kisses are so pleasant that it is as if your lips drip with nectar” or “Your kisses are delightfully sweet” or “Being kissed by you is as enjoyable as eating honey”
258	4:11	l8xe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	נֹ֛פֶת	1	The word translated as **nectar** refers specifically to honey which drips or flows from a honeycomb. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly by translating it as “honey” as modeled by the UST.
259	4:11	vc6y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	דְּבַ֤שׁ וְ⁠חָלָב֙ תַּ֣חַת לְשׁוֹנֵ֔⁠ךְ	1	The phrase **honey and milk are under your tongue** could mean: (1) that the taste of the woman’s kisses were as pleasant as milk and honey. Alternate translation: “your kisses are like milk and honey to me” or “your kisses are as pleasant and delightful as milk and honey” (2) that the woman’s words were as pleasant as milk and honey. Alternate translation: “your words are as pleasant as milk and honey” (3) that both the woman’s kisses and her words were as pleasant as milk and honey. Alternate translation: “the kisses from your mouth and your words are as pleasant as milk and honey to me”
260	4:11	nyc9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	וְ⁠רֵ֥יחַ שַׂלְמֹתַ֖יִ⁠ךְ כְּ⁠רֵ֥יחַ לְבָנֽוֹן	1	Lebanon is known for its forests of cedar trees. Cedar trees have a very pleasant smell. The phrase **the smell of your garments is like the smell of Lebanon** probably means that the woman’s clothes smelled like the smell of cedar wood. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the smell of your garments is like the smell of Lebanon’s pleasant-smelling cedar”
261	4:12	ik5j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	גַּ֥ן ׀ נָע֖וּל אֲחֹתִ֣⁠י כַלָּ֑ה גַּ֥ל נָע֖וּל מַעְיָ֥ן חָתֽוּם	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “My sister, my bride; you are a locked garden, a locked spring, a sealed fountain”
262	4:12	j45u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	גַּ֥ן ׀ נָע֖וּל אֲחֹתִ֣⁠י כַלָּ֑ה	1	The man is speaking of the woman as if she were a **locked garden**. He uses **garden** as a poetic way of referring to the woman herself, and by saying she is a **locked garden** he means that the woman is both beautiful and seemingly inaccessible like a locked garden. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You are like a locked garden my sister, my bride”
263	4:12	nxse		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	גַּ֥ן ׀ נָע֖וּל אֲחֹתִ֣⁠י כַלָּ֑ה	1	The word translated as **garden** refers to a large, enclosed area where bushes, flowers, plants, and trees grow. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of garden, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “A locked park where many trees and plants grow is my sister, my bride”
264	4:12	whp4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אֲחֹתִ֣⁠י	1	See how you translated the phrase **my sister** in [4:9](../04/09.md).
265	4:12	z4b8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	גַּ֥ל נָע֖וּל מַעְיָ֥ן חָתֽוּם	1	The phrases **a locked spring** and **a sealed fountain** mean basically the same thing. The second phrase emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea using different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine the phrases into one and show the emphasis in some other way.
266	4:13-14	ad8b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	שְׁלָחַ֨יִ⁠ךְ֙ פַּרְדֵּ֣ס רִמּוֹנִ֔ים עִ֖ם פְּרִ֣י מְגָדִ֑ים כְּפָרִ֖ים עִם־נְרָדִֽים & נֵ֣רְדְּ ׀ וְ⁠כַרְכֹּ֗ם קָנֶה֙ וְ⁠קִנָּמ֔וֹן עִ֖ם כָּל־עֲצֵ֣י לְבוֹנָ֑ה מֹ֚ר וַ⁠אֲהָל֔וֹת עִ֖ם כָּל־רָאשֵׁ֥י בְשָׂמִֽים	1	Here the man is poetically describing how wonderful the woman is by describing her as if she is a garden where all types of pleasant plants and trees grow. These plants and trees would not normally grow in the same garden because they have different growing requirements, but because this is poetry the author imaginatively places these plants in one garden to create a poetic comparison for how wonderful the woman is. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate in a footnote that the author is using plants and trees from different areas to create an image of how wonderful the woman is.
267	4:13	nsr3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	שְׁלָחַ֨יִ⁠ךְ֙	1	The word translated as **shoots** refers to the stems and roots that come out (shoot out) from trees and plants. The word **shoots** is used here to refer to the woman so if it would be helpful to your readers, you could translate the phrase **Your shoots** as “You”. Alternately you could translate **shoots** with a more general term that your language uses to speak of what grows out of plants and trees. Alternate translation: “Your sprouts are”
268	4:13-14	dju5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	כְּפָרִ֖ים עִם־נְרָדִֽים & נֵ֣רְדְּ	1	See how you translated the word **nard** in [1:12](../01/12.md) and the word **henna** in [1:14](../01/14.md).
269	4:14	dxj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	וְ⁠כַרְכֹּ֗ם קָנֶה֙ וְ⁠קִנָּמ֔וֹן & וַ⁠אֲהָל֔וֹת	1	Both **saffron**, a beautiful flowering plant that produces purple flowers, and **calamus**, a cane, were used to make a pleasant-smelling oil. The term **cinnamon** refers to a spice made from the bark of the cinnamon tree. The term **aloes** refers to the pleasant-smelling resin that comes from specific trees in Asia. If your readers would not be familiar with these types of plants, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “and saffron flowers, calamus canes and cinnamon trees … and pleasant-smelling resin called aloes”
270	4:15	bj5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	מַעְיַ֣ן גַּנִּ֔ים	1	The writer assumes that the readers will understand that a **fountain** refers to a spring or underground well that is dug in order to be used as a water source. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “a garden spring” or “a garden well”
271	4:15	t9ch		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural	מַעְיַ֣ן גַּנִּ֔ים	1	Here, the author could be using the plural form **gardens** to: (1) designate the kind of fountain that would be in gardens. Alternate translation: “a garden fountain” (2) designate a large garden. Alternate translation: “a fountain in a large garden”
272	4:15	ke0n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	מַ֣יִם חַיִּ֑ים	1	Here the term **living** means that the water is fresh and flowing. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “fresh water” or “flowing water”
273	4:16	jv5g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	ע֤וּרִי צָפוֹן֙ וּ⁠ב֣וֹאִי תֵימָ֔ן הָפִ֥יחִי גַנִּ֖⁠י יִזְּל֣וּ בְשָׂמָ֑י⁠ו	1	The woman is speaking to the **wind** which she knows cannot hear her. She is doing this to communicate her strong desire that the pleasant smell of her body will flow through the air and attract the man she loves so that he will come to her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words as a wish or desire. Alternate translation: “I wish that the north wind and south wind would come and blow on my garden and let its spices flow”
274	4:16	x71g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	וּ⁠ב֣וֹאִי & יָבֹ֤א דוֹדִ⁠י֙	1	Your language may say “go” rather than **come** in a context such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “and go … Let my beloved go”
275	4:16	kdi9			יִזְּל֣וּ בְשָׂמָ֑י⁠ו	1	Alternate translation: “and carry the pleasant smell of its spices through the air” or “and make the pleasant smell of its spices flow through the air”
276	5:1	f2qr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	בָּ֣אתִי לְ⁠גַנִּ⁠י֮ אֲחֹתִ֣⁠י כַלָּה֒ אָרִ֤יתִי מוֹרִ⁠י֙ עִם־בְּשָׂמִ֔⁠י אָכַ֤לְתִּי יַעְרִ⁠י֙ עִם־דִּבְשִׁ֔⁠י שָׁתִ֥יתִי יֵינִ֖⁠י עִם־חֲלָבִ֑⁠י	1	Here the man continues to draw an extended comparison between the woman's body and the **garden** that he began in [4:12](../04/12.md). He accepts the woman’s invitation (that she gave in the previous verse) to enjoy her body. The lines **I have plucked my myrrh with my spice** and **I have eaten my honeycomb with my honey** and **I have drunk my wine with my milk** are all metaphors for the man enjoying the woman’s body. If you used the alternate translation in verses [4:12-16](../04/12.md), you should do so here also. Alternate translation: “You who are as dear to me as a sister, my bride, I am ready to go with you and enjoy the delights of your body; it will be as though I am gathering myrrh with my other spices, eating my honey and honeycomb, and drinking my wine and my milk”
277	5:1	dr7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	בָּ֣אתִי לְ⁠גַנִּ⁠י֮ אֲחֹתִ֣⁠י כַלָּה֒ אָרִ֤יתִי מוֹרִ⁠י֙ עִם־בְּשָׂמִ֔⁠י אָכַ֤לְתִּי יַעְרִ⁠י֙ עִם־דִּבְשִׁ֔⁠י שָׁתִ֥יתִי יֵינִ֖⁠י עִם־חֲלָבִ֑⁠י	1	Though the man is speaking as if he has already done these things, he is actually getting ready to do them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “I am getting ready to come to my garden, my sister, my bride; I will pluck my myrrh with my spice. I will eat my honeycomb with my honey; I will drink my wine with my milk”
278	5:1	m575		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	בָּ֣אתִי	1	Your language may say “gone” rather than **come** in a context such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “I have gone”
279	5:1	jf09		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	בָּ֣אתִי לְ⁠גַנִּ⁠י֮ אֲחֹתִ֣⁠י כַלָּה֒	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “My sister, my bride, I have come to my garden”
280	5:1	tgd7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אֲחֹתִ֣⁠י	1	See how you translated the phrase **my sister** in [4:9](../04/09.md).
281	5:1	bxja		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	אִכְל֣וּ רֵעִ֔ים שְׁת֥וּ וְ⁠שִׁכְר֖וּ דּוֹדִֽים	1	The author does not say who is speaking to the couple here so you should not indicate the speakers explicitly in the text of your translation. However, if you are using section headers to indicate who is speaking, as the UST does, the speakers could be: (1) the “daughters of Jerusalem” who spoke earlier in the book. They are speaking to the couple at the couple’s wedding. If you are using section headers, you could use a phrase such as “The young women of Jerusalem speak to the couple” or “The young women of Jerusalem speak to the couple at their wedding” (2) a group of people who are the couple’s friends and wedding guests. If you are using section headers, you could use a phrase such as “The couple’s friends speak” or “The couple’s wedding guests speak”
282	5:2	biy3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	אֲנִ֥י יְשֵׁנָ֖ה וְ⁠לִבִּ֣⁠י עֵ֑ר	1	Here the term **heart** could represent: (1) the woman’s thoughts and mental awareness which would make the phrase **my heart is awake** mean that her mind is alert and dreaming while she is sleeping. Alternate translation: “I am asleep, but my mind is dreaming” or “I am asleep, but my mind is alert and dreaming” (2) the woman’s entire person which would make the phrase **my heart is awake** mean that she had been awakened after falling asleep or awakened after she was almost asleep. Alternate translation: “I was almost asleep, now I am awakened” or “I was asleep, but now I have been awakened”
283	5:2	kri6			ק֣וֹל ׀ דּוֹדִ֣⁠י דוֹפֵ֗ק	1	Alternate translation: “I hear a sound; it is my beloved knocking” or “I hear a sound; it is the sound of my beloved knocking on my door”
284	5:2	tk43			דּוֹדִ֣⁠י	1	See how you translated the phrase **my beloved** in [1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “my lover”
285	5:2	rx38		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אֲחֹתִ֤⁠י רַעְיָתִ⁠י֙	1	See how you translated the phrase **my sister** in [4:9](../04/09.md) and the phrase **my darling** in [1:9](../01/09.md).
286	5:2	us5k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	יוֹנָתִ֣⁠י	1	See how you translated the phrase **my dove** in [2:14](../02/14.md).
287	5:2	yh2r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	שֶׁ⁠רֹּאשִׁ⁠י֙ נִמְלָא־טָ֔ל	1	Here, the phrase **full of** is a Hebrew idiom which means “wet with.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have that meaning or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “because my head is wet with dew”
288	5:2	d3gt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	קְוֻּצּוֹתַ֖⁠י	1	The writer is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need to be complete. You could supply the words “is full of” from the previous phrase if it would be clearer to your readers.
289	5:3	m1u3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks	פָּשַׁ֨טְתִּי֙ אֶת־כֻּתָּנְתִּ֔⁠י אֵיכָ֖כָה אֶלְבָּשֶׁ֑⁠נָּה רָחַ֥צְתִּי אֶת־רַגְלַ֖⁠י אֵיכָ֥כָה אֲטַנְּפֵֽ⁠ם	1	This verse is a quotation of: (1) what the woman thought to herself. Alternate translation: “I thought to myself; I have taken off my robe; how will I put it on? I have washed my feet; how could I get them dirty?” (2) the woman speaking directly to the man. Alternate translation: “I said to the man I love; I have taken off my robe; how will I put it on? I have washed my feet; how could I get them dirty?”
290	5:3	g6z2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	אֵיכָ֖כָה אֶלְבָּשֶׁ֑⁠נָּה רָחַ֥צְתִּי אֶת־רַגְלַ֖⁠י אֵיכָ֥כָה אֲטַנְּפֵֽ⁠ם	1	The woman is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation and express the emphasis in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I do not want to put it back on! I have already washed my feet so I do not want to get them dirty again!”
291	5:4	nns1			דּוֹדִ֗⁠י	1	See how you translated the phrase **my beloved** in [1:13](../01/13.md).
292	5:4	xks3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	וּ⁠מֵעַ֖⁠י הָמ֥וּ עָלָֽי⁠ו	1	Here, **belly** represents the center of a person’s emotions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and my feelings for him roared”
293	5:4	az6q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וּ⁠מֵעַ֖⁠י הָמ֥וּ עָלָֽי⁠ו	1	Here the term **belly** represents the woman’s feelings and the woman saying that her **belly roared** is a poetic way of saying that her feelings were aroused. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and my feelings for him were aroused”
294	5:5	ycr1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	מ֣וֹר עֹבֵ֔ר	1	The phrase translated as **flowing myrrh** refers to liquid myrrh. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “liquid myrrh”
295	5:5	yfag		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	וְ⁠אֶצְבְּעֹתַ⁠י֙	1	The woman is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need to be complete. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could supply the words “dripped with.”
296	5:6	b7qk			לְ⁠דוֹדִ֔⁠י וְ⁠דוֹדִ֖⁠י	1	See how you translated the phrase **my beloved** in [1:13](../01/13.md).
297	5:6	y1yc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	עָבָ֑ר	1	Your language may say “went” rather than **gone** in a context such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “and went away”
298	5:6	fxej		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	נַפְשִׁ⁠י֙ יָֽצְאָ֣ה	1	Your language may say “gone” rather than **went** in a context such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “My soul had gone out”
299	5:6	z8na		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	נַפְשִׁ⁠י֙ יָֽצְאָ֣ה	1	Here, **soul** represents the entire person, and the phrase **My soul went out** is a Hebrew idiom that means to feel extreme despair. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that has this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “My heart sank” or “I felt great despair”
300	5:6	h4tj			בְ⁠דַבְּר֔⁠וֹ	1	Here, the word translated as **because he departed** could mean: (1) when he departed. If you choose this option, use the translation of the ULT as a model. (2) “when he spoke.” Alternate translation: “when he spoke”
301	5:7	a9yk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	מְצָאֻ֧⁠נִי הַ⁠שֹּׁמְרִ֛ים הַ⁠סֹּבְבִ֥ים בָּ⁠עִ֖יר	1	See how you translated the sentence **The guards going about in the city found me** in [3:3](../03/03.md).
302	5:7	fr13		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	הִכּ֣וּ⁠נִי פְצָע֑וּ⁠נִי נָשְׂא֤וּ אֶת־רְדִידִ⁠י֙ מֵֽ⁠עָלַ֔⁠י שֹׁמְרֵ֖י הַ⁠חֹמֽוֹת	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “The guards of the walls beat me and wounded me; they lifted my shawl from me”
303	5:7	ektd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	הִכּ֣וּ⁠נִי פְצָע֑וּ⁠נִי	1	The reason that the city watchmen **beat** and **wounded** the woman is because they thought she was a prostitute. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers.
304	5:7	nnql		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	אֶת־רְדִידִ⁠י֙	1	The word translated as **shawl** could refer to: (1) a light article of clothing like a robe or cloak that was worn as an outer garment and wrapped around the body. Alternate translation: “my cloak” (2) a large veil. Alternate translation: “my veil”
305	5:8	czu7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula	הִשְׁבַּ֥עְתִּי אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם בְּנ֣וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם	1	See how you translated the phrase **I adjure you, daughters of Jerusalem** in [2:7](../02/07.md).
306	5:8	v5m3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	שֶׁ⁠חוֹלַ֥ת אַהֲבָ֖ה אָֽנִי	1	See how you translated the phrase **sick with love am I** in [2:5](../02/05.md)
307	5:8	r20s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	שֶׁ⁠חוֹלַ֥ת אַהֲבָ֖ה אָֽנִי	1	The woman is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context.
308	5:9	tgep		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	מַה־דּוֹדֵ֣⁠ךְ מִ⁠דּ֔וֹד הַ⁠יָּפָ֖ה בַּ⁠נָּשִׁ֑ים מַה־דּוֹדֵ֣⁠ךְ מִ⁠דּ֔וֹד שֶׁ⁠כָּ֖כָה הִשְׁבַּעְתָּֽ⁠נוּ	1	The phrase **What is your beloved more than another beloved** is repeated for emphasis. This is a common feature of Hebrew poetry, and you may want to begin a new line at the start of each parallel statement. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine them into one. Alternate translation: “What is your beloved more than another beloved, most beautiful among women, that thus you adjure us” or “Most beautiful among women, what is your beloved more than another beloved, that thus you adjure us”
309	5:9	vbc6			מַה־דּוֹדֵ֣⁠ךְ מִ⁠דּ֔וֹד	1	Alternate translation: “What makes the man you love better than other men” or “What is so special about the man you love”
310	5:9	zeav		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	מַה־דּוֹדֵ֣⁠ךְ מִ⁠דּ֔וֹד הַ⁠יָּפָ֖ה בַּ⁠נָּשִׁ֑ים	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “Most beautiful among women, what is your beloved more than another beloved”
311	5:9	eap5			הַ⁠יָּפָ֖ה בַּ⁠נָּשִׁ֑ים	1	See how you translated the phrase **most beautiful among women** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
312	5:9	sj0b			שֶׁ⁠כָּ֖כָה הִשְׁבַּעְתָּֽ⁠נוּ	1	Alternate translation: “with the result that thus you adjure us” or “with the result that you request us to promise that we tell him that” or “that would make you want to thus adjure us”
313	5:9	zp43		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula	הִשְׁבַּעְתָּֽ⁠נוּ	1	See how you translated the word **adjure** in the previous verse.
314	5:10	xuy2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	דּוֹדִ֥⁠י צַח֙ וְ⁠אָד֔וֹם	1	The word translated here as **shimmering** and **red** means that the man’s skin had a healthy glow and was a brownish red or reddish-brown color. These two words used together indicate that the man’s skin looked healthy and handsome. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “My beloved has radiant and healthy skin” or “My beloved’s skin glows and is a handsome reddish brown” or “My beloved’s skin is radiant and reddish-brown”
315	5:10	hms2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	דָּג֖וּל מֵ⁠רְבָבָֽה	1	In the Hebrew language **ten thousand** is the highest number that was used when making comparisons, so the woman uses this number to stand for an uncountable number of people. If you have a similar expression in your culture, you could use that. Alternately, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “better than anyone else” or “there is no one else like him” or “one in a million”
316	5:11	s23z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	רֹאשׁ֖⁠וֹ כֶּ֣תֶם פָּ֑ז	1	Here, the woman is speaking of the man’s **head** as if it were **gold**. Because she speaks of the appearance of the man’s hairs in the following line, she probably intends to speak of the man’s face in this line and to express that it resembles the dazzling, beautiful appearance of gold. The phrase **refined gold** indicates that the gold is very valuable. By saying that the man’s **head {is} refined gold**, she is probably indicating that he is special and has great worth. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “His head is like gold that is refined” or “His face is beautiful and gleams like gold. He is precious and valuable like refined gold” or “His face gleams. He is precious and valuable”
317	5:11	mojr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	שְׁחֹר֖וֹת כָּ⁠עוֹרֵֽב	1	A **raven** is a large bird with dark black feathers. Ravens are as big as some hawks and are similar in color and appearance to crows but larger. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of bird, you could use the name of a similar bird in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “black like a bird with dark black feathers” or “black like a dark black bird”
318	5:11	m1w4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	קְוּצּוֹתָי⁠ו֙ תַּלְתַּלִּ֔ים שְׁחֹר֖וֹת כָּ⁠עוֹרֵֽב	1	The writer is stating that the color of the man's hair is dark **black like the raven**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “his hair is wavy and dark black”
319	5:12	m6e7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	עֵינָ֕י⁠ו כְּ⁠יוֹנִ֖ים עַל־אֲפִ֣יקֵי מָ֑יִם רֹֽחֲצוֹת֙ בֶּֽ⁠חָלָ֔ב יֹשְׁב֖וֹת עַל־מִלֵּֽאת	1	In [1:15](../01/15.md) the man said to the woman, “your eyes are doves.” Here the woman uses the word **like** and compares the man’s eyes to doves that are bathing in milk. The phrase **bathing in milk** explains what color the doves' (eyes) are. The two phrases, **beside stream beds of water** and **sitting beside the pools**, describe the doves as being by water. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “His eyes are like doves beside stream beds of water, that are bathing in milk and sitting beside the pools”
320	5:12	knr8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	עֵינָ֕י⁠ו כְּ⁠יוֹנִ֖ים עַל־אֲפִ֣יקֵי מָ֑יִם רֹֽחֲצוֹת֙ בֶּֽ⁠חָלָ֔ב יֹשְׁב֖וֹת עַל־מִלֵּֽאת	1	The phrases **beside stream beds of water** and **sitting beside the pools** mean basically the same thing. They both describe the doves as being by water. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “His eyes are like doves beside stream beds of water, bathing in milk” or “His eyes are like doves bathing in milk, sitting by the pools”
321	5:13	mem2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	לְחָיָ⁠ו֙ כַּ⁠עֲרוּגַ֣ת הַ⁠בֹּ֔שֶׂם מִגְדְּל֖וֹת מֶרְקָחִ֑ים	1	Here the writer says that the man’s **cheeks** are like a garden, or an area in a garden, used for planting spices because his cheeks smell **like a bed of spices** and are like **towers of herbal spices**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “His cheeks smell like a bed of spices and like towers that contain herbal spices”
322	5:13	h8iu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	כַּ⁠עֲרוּגַ֣ת הַ⁠בֹּ֔שֶׂם	1	Here the term translated as **bed** refers to an area in a garden used for planting. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “like an area for planting spices” or “like a garden bed of spices” or “like planters of spices”
323	5:13	ioia		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	מִגְדְּל֖וֹת	1	See the chapter five introduction for information regarding an alternate translation of the word that the ULT translates as **towers of**.
324	5:13	gk3m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	מִגְדְּל֖וֹת מֶרְקָחִ֑ים	1	The woman is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “like towers of herbal spices” or “and his cheeks are like towers of herbal spices”
325	5:13	a4hu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	שִׂפְתוֹתָי⁠ו֙ שֽׁוֹשַׁנִּ֔ים נֹטְפ֖וֹת מ֥וֹר עֹבֵֽר	1	Here, the woman is speaking of the man’s **lips** as if they are **lilies** that are **dripping {with} flowing myrrh** because of the sweet smell of both lilies and myrrh, the beauty and softness of lilies, and because the man’s kisses are wet like flowing myrrh. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “His lips are beautiful, fragrant, and soft. His kisses are sweet-smelling and moist”
326	5:13	t4f1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	שֽׁוֹשַׁנִּ֔ים	1	See how you translated **lilies** in [2:16](../02/16.md).
327	5:13	x8c2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	מ֥וֹר עֹבֵֽר	1	See how you translated the phrase **flowing myrrh** in [5:5](../05/05.md).
328	5:14	nl6y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	יָדָי⁠ו֙ גְּלִילֵ֣י זָהָ֔ב מְמֻלָּאִ֖ים בַּ⁠תַּרְשִׁ֑ישׁ	1	Here the woman is speaking of the man’s **arms** as if they were **rods of gold mounted with topaz** because **rods of gold** were powerful, had an attractive color and a finely rounded shape, and topaz would have made the rods of gold more beautiful. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “His arms are powerful, nicely rounded, and beautiful like rods of gold mounted with topaz”
329	5:14	r9p1			יָדָי⁠ו֙	1	The word that the ULT translates as **arms** could: (1) refer to **arms** in which case you can use the ULT’s translation as a model. (2) refer to “hands.” Alternate translation: “His hands are”
330	5:14	h4kv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	בַּ⁠תַּרְשִׁ֑ישׁ	1	A **topaz** is a beautiful gemstone used in jewelry and also to decorate other things. Bible scholars are not certain exactly what stone the word the ULT translates as **topaz** refers to. Many different stones have been proposed such as topaz, chrysolite, beryl and others. If your readers are familiar with these types of stone, you could use one of them or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “with beautiful stones” or “with jewels”
331	5:14	bg51		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	מֵעָי⁠ו֙ עֶ֣שֶׁת שֵׁ֔ן מְעֻלֶּ֖פֶת סַפִּירִֽים	1	Here the woman is speaking of the man’s **belly** as if it was **a plate of ivory covered with sapphires**. By comparing the man’s belly to **a plate of ivory covered with sapphires** she is saying that the man’s belly looks especially attractive since ivory and sapphires were not only rare and costly but also quite beautiful. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his belly is beautiful and precious” or “his belly is handsome”
332	5:14	xnyk			מֵעָי⁠ו֙	1	Alternate translation: “his stomach is”
333	5:14	k5ga		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	שֵׁ֔ן	1	The word **ivory** refers to the tusks of a large animal called an elephant. Ivory is a white color and is very beautiful and costly. If your readers would not be familiar with ivory, you could explain this term in a footnote.
334	5:14	ws92		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	סַפִּירִֽים	1	The word **sapphires** refers to a beautiful blue gemstone. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of stone, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “with blue gemstones” or “with beautiful blue gemstones”
335	5:15	i1xz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	שׁוֹקָי⁠ו֙ עַמּ֣וּדֵי שֵׁ֔שׁ מְיֻסָּדִ֖ים עַל־אַדְנֵי־פָ֑ז	1	Here the woman is speaking of the man’s **thighs** as if they were **pillars of alabaster set on bases of refined gold** because the man’s legs are strong and majestic looking. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “His thighs are strong and majestic like pillars of alabaster set on bases of gold”
336	5:15	juu1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	שֵׁ֔שׁ	1	The word translated as **alabaster** can refer to either alabaster or marble, types of strong stone that are nice looking and used to make large columns, statues and other things. In your translation you could use either alabaster or marble, you could use the name of something similar in your area, or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “marble” or “stone”
337	5:16	sc8p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	חִכּ⁠וֹ֙ מַֽמְתַקִּ֔ים	1	Here, **mouth** could refer to: (1) the man’s kisses. Alternate translation: “His kisses are most sweet” (2) the man’s words. Alternate translation: “His speech is most sweet” or “The words from his mouth are most sweet”
338	5:16	w3vr			וְ⁠כֻלּ֖⁠וֹ מַחֲמַדִּ֑ים	1	Alternate translation: “and every part of him is very desirable”
339	5:16	r6zc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	בְּנ֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם	1	See how you translated the phrase **daughters of Jerusalem** in [1:5](../01/05.md).
340	6:intro	fa9a				0	# Song of Songs 6 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Beauty\n\nIn 6:4-10 the man describes the woman he loves as the epitome of female beauty and attractiveness by using various similes.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Metaphors\n\nIn the ancient Near East, it was acceptable to describe a woman using similes involving animals. In many cultures today, this can be considered offensive. Different similes of beauty are used in different cultures. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])\n\n\n### The meaning of 6:12\n\n6:12 is very difficult to understand, and its meaning is uncertain. Therefore, Bible scholars have different opinions on the exact meaning of this verse and of some of the words in context, and on how the words and phrases relate to each other. Published versions of the Bible differ significantly from one another in their rendering of it. The ULT seeks to offer a reasonable translation of this verse. But if a translation of the Bible exists in your region, it may differ from the ULT in the way that it translates this verse. If there is a Bible translation in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If not, you may wish to follow the reading of the ULT.\n\n\n### The meaning of the phrase “like the dance of two armies” in 6:13\n\nThe meaning of the phrase “like the dance of two armies” is uncertain and Bible scholars have different opinions on the exact meaning of this verse. The ULT offers one possible translation of this verse. But if a translation of the Bible exists in your region, it may differ from the ULT in the way that it translates this verse. If there is a Bible translation in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If not, you may wish to follow the reading of the ULT.
341	6:1	xnv3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	אָ֚נָה הָלַ֣ךְ דּוֹדֵ֔⁠ךְ הַ⁠יָּפָ֖ה בַּ⁠נָּשִׁ֑ים אָ֚נָה פָּנָ֣ה דוֹדֵ֔⁠ךְ וּ⁠נְבַקְשֶׁ֖⁠נּוּ עִמָּֽ⁠ךְ	1	The questions **Where did he go, your beloved** and **Where did he turn, your beloved** have basically the same meaning. This question is asked twice, in slightly different ways, for emphasis and poetic effect. This type of repetition is a common feature of Hebrew poetry, and it would be good to retain this repetition if possible. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “Where did he go, your beloved, most beautiful woman among women? Let us seek him with you” or “Most beautiful woman among women, where did he turn your beloved? Let us seek him with you”
342	6:1	tgqz			אָ֚נָה הָלַ֣ךְ דּוֹדֵ֔⁠ךְ & אָ֚נָה פָּנָ֣ה דוֹדֵ֔⁠ךְ	1	Alternate translation: “Where did your beloved go … Where did your beloved turn”
343	6:1	emy4			הַ⁠יָּפָ֖ה בַּ⁠נָּשִׁ֑ים	1	See how you translated the phrase **most beautiful woman among women** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
344	6:1	pypx			אָ֚נָה פָּנָ֣ה דוֹדֵ֔⁠ךְ	1	Alternate translation: “Which way did your beloved go”
345	6:1	ise2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	וּ⁠נְבַקְשֶׁ֖⁠נּוּ עִמָּֽ⁠ךְ	1	The women of Jerusalem are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “tell us, so that we can seek him with you” or “tell us, and let us seek him with you”
346	6:2	vrq9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	דּוֹדִ⁠י֙ יָרַ֣ד לְ⁠גַנּ֔⁠וֹ לַ⁠עֲרוּג֖וֹת הַ⁠בֹּ֑שֶׂם לִ⁠רְעוֹת֙ בַּ⁠גַּנִּ֔ים וְ⁠לִ⁠לְקֹ֖ט שֽׁוֹשַׁנִּֽים	1	Here the woman resumes the “garden” metaphor that was used in [4:12-5:1](../04/12.md) by again referring to her body as a **garden**. The phrase **graze in the gardens** and **glean lilies** are both metaphors for the man enjoying the woman’s body. If you used similes to translate [4:12-5:1](../04/12.md) you should continue to use them here or if it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “My beloved went to me. I am like a garden where beds of spices grow. He came to me in order to enjoy my body like a gazelle enjoys grazing in gardens and like a person enjoys gleaning lilies”
347	6:2	jgeu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	דּוֹדִ⁠י֙ יָרַ֣ד לְ⁠גַנּ֔⁠וֹ לַ⁠עֲרוּג֖וֹת הַ⁠בֹּ֑שֶׂם	1	The phrase **to the beds of spices** explains where in the **garden** the man **went down to**. This phrase is not describing a separate location from the **garden** (woman). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “My beloved went down to the beds of spices in his garden” or “My beloved went to me who is like his spice garden”
348	6:2	twm5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	יָרַ֣ד	1	Your language may say “gone” rather than **went** in a context such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “has gone down”
349	6:2	pr3t			לַ⁠עֲרוּג֖וֹת הַ⁠בֹּ֑שֶׂם	1	See how you translated the similar phrase **bed of spices** in [5:13](../05/13.md).
350	6:3	lr7w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	אֲנִ֤י לְ⁠דוֹדִ⁠י֙ וְ⁠דוֹדִ֣⁠י לִ֔⁠י	1	See how you translated the similar phrase “My beloved belongs to me and I belong to him” in [2:16](../02/16.md).
351	6:3	p4l4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	הָ⁠רֹעֶ֖ה בַּ⁠שׁוֹשַׁנִּֽים	1	See how you translated the similar phrase “the man grazing among the lilies” in [2:16](../02/16.md).
352	6:4	xk88		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	יָפָ֨ה אַ֤תְּ רַעְיָתִ⁠י֙ כְּ⁠תִרְצָ֔ה נָאוָ֖ה כִּ⁠ירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם	1	The man is saying that the woman is **like** the city of **Tirzah** and **like** the city of **Jerusalem** because both of these cities were beautiful. These lines are parallel, and both mean basically the same thing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternately, you could combine the lines if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “You are beautiful, my darling, like the beautiful city of Tirzah, lovely like the lovely city of Jerusalem” or “You are beautiful and lovely, my darling, like the cities of Tirzah and Jerusalem”
353	6:4	bbrm			יָפָ֨ה אַ֤תְּ רַעְיָתִ⁠י֙	1	See how you translated the phrase “you are beautiful, my darling” in [1:15](../01/15.md).
354	6:4	qymv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	יָפָ֨ה אַ֤תְּ רַעְיָתִ⁠י֙ כְּ⁠תִרְצָ֔ה	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “My darling, you are beautiful like Tirzah”
355	6:4	rjr5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	נָאוָ֖ה כִּ⁠ירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם אֲיֻמָּ֖ה כַּ⁠נִּדְגָּלֽוֹת	1	The man is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “you are lovely like Jerusalem, you are awe-inspiring like bannered armies”
356	6:4	ydky		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	אֲיֻמָּ֖ה כַּ⁠נִּדְגָּלֽוֹת	1	The man is saying that the woman is **awe-inspiring like bannered armies** because looking at her causes the man to feel a sense of awe that is comparable to seeing an army with its banners above it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and the awe I feel when looking at you is like the awe I would feel if I were to see armies with their banners” or “and the awe I feel when looking at you is like the awe I feel when I see armies with their banners above them”
357	6:4	v9dx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	כַּ⁠נִּדְגָּלֽוֹת	1	See how you translated the term **banner** in [2:4](../02/04.md).
358	6:5	lbz1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	שַׂעְרֵ⁠ךְ֙ כְּ⁠עֵ֣דֶר הָֽ⁠עִזִּ֔ים שֶׁ⁠גָּלְשׁ֖וּ מִן־הַ⁠גִּלְעָֽד	1	See how you translated the similar sentence “Your hair is like a flock of goats that hop down from the slopes of Gilead” in [4:1](../04/01.md).
359	6:6	lxi1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	שִׁנַּ֨יִ⁠ךְ֙ כְּ⁠עֵ֣דֶר הָֽ⁠רְחֵלִ֔ים שֶׁ⁠עָל֖וּ מִן־הָ⁠רַחְצָ֑ה שֶׁ⁠כֻּלָּ⁠ם֙ מַתְאִימ֔וֹת וְ⁠שַׁכֻּלָ֖ה אֵ֥ין בָּ⁠הֶֽם	1	See how you translated the almost identical verse in [4:2](../04/02.md). The only difference between this verse and 4:2 is that 4:2 has the phrase “shorn sheep” instead of **ewes**.
360	6:6	j7se		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	הָֽ⁠רְחֵלִ֔ים	1	The term **ewes** refers to female sheep. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “female sheep”
361	6:7	zid1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	כְּ⁠פֶ֤לַח הָ⁠רִמּוֹן֙ רַקָּתֵ֔⁠ךְ מִ⁠בַּ֖עַד לְ⁠צַמָּתֵֽ⁠ךְ	1	See how you translated [4:3](../04/03.md) which is identical to this verse.
362	6:8-9	v080		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	שִׁשִּׁ֥ים הֵ֨מָּה֙ מְּלָכ֔וֹת וּ⁠שְׁמֹנִ֖ים פִּֽילַגְשִׁ֑ים וַ⁠עֲלָמ֖וֹת אֵ֥ין מִסְפָּֽר & אַחַ֥ת הִיא֙ יוֹנָתִ֣⁠י תַמָּתִ֔⁠י אַחַ֥ת הִיא֙ לְ⁠אִמָּ֔⁠הּ בָּרָ֥ה הִ֖יא לְ⁠יֽוֹלַדְתָּ֑⁠הּ	1	This is a comparison that expresses that the woman is superior to women in a king’s royal court. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could add words that explicitly indicate that this is a comparison. Alternate translation: “When compared to sixty queens, and eighty concubines and marriageable women without number, none of them are as special as my dove; my perfect one who is special to her mother and pure to the woman who bore her” or “Even if compared to sixty queens, and eighty concubines and marriageable women without number, still none of them would be as special as my dove; my perfect one who is special to her mother and pure to the woman who bore her”
363	6:8	o3wm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	שִׁשִּׁ֥ים הֵ֨מָּה֙ מְּלָכ֔וֹת	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of words in the phrase **Sixty are they, queens**. Alternate translation: “They are sixty queens”
364	6:8	iwkm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	שִׁשִּׁ֥ים הֵ֨מָּה֙ מְּלָכ֔וֹת וּ⁠שְׁמֹנִ֖ים פִּֽילַגְשִׁ֑ים	1	This is poetic language. The man is using the 3, 4 pattern that was commonly used at that time, and for emphasis he multiples the numbers 3 and 4 by the number 20. This gives the numbers **Sixty** and **eighty** that he uses to make his point. If your language has a different way to indicate poetry, you could use it here. Alternate translation: “A large number of queens and a large number of concubines” or “Many queens, and many concubines”
365	6:8	vy12		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	וַ⁠עֲלָמ֖וֹת	1	See how you translated the phrase **marriageable women** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
366	6:8	vks6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	וַ⁠עֲלָמ֖וֹת אֵ֥ין מִסְפָּֽר	1	Here, **without number** is an idiom that means “more than can be counted.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have that meaning, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and too many marriageable women to count” or “and more marriageable women than can be counted”
367	6:9	ue94		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	אַחַ֥ת הִיא֙	1	Here the phrase **One is she** means “She is special” (the number **One** is used in contrast to the large numbers of other women described in the previous verse). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “She is special” or “She is unique” or “She is special in comparison to other women”
368	6:9	a2hh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	יוֹנָתִ֣⁠י תַמָּתִ֔⁠י	1	See how you translated the phrases **my dove** and **my perfect one** in [5:2](../05/02.md).
369	6:9	tej6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	אַחַ֥ת הִיא֙ לְ⁠אִמָּ֔⁠הּ	1	The phrase **one is she to her mother** could mean: (1) that the woman the man loves is special to her mother (in contrast to the large numbers of other women described in the previous verse). Alternate translation: “she is special to her mother” or “her mother thinks she is special” or “her mother thinks she is unique” (2) that the woman was the only child or the only daughter that her mother had. Alternate translation: “she is the only child of her mother” or “her mother’s only daughter”
370	6:9	wmx6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	בָּרָ֥ה הִ֖יא לְ⁠יֽוֹלַדְתָּ֑⁠הּ	1	The phrase **pure is she to the woman who bore her** could mean: (1) that the woman was her mother’s favorite child or favorite daughter. Alternate translation: “the favorite child of the woman who bore her” or “the favorite daughter of the woman who bore her” (2) that the woman was pure or flawless in some way. Alternate translation: “flawless is she to the woman who bore her”
371	6:9	ca42		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	אַחַ֥ת הִיא֙ לְ⁠אִמָּ֔⁠הּ בָּרָ֥ה הִ֖יא לְ⁠יֽוֹלַדְתָּ֑⁠הּ	1	If you decided that **one** means “special” here and that **pure** means “favorite” then these two lines are parallel and mean basically the same thing. The second line emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition. It would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine these two lines into one. Alternate translation: “her mother thinks that she is very special” or “she is very special to her mother”
372	6:9	al8y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	בָנוֹת֙	1	Here the word **daughters** could refer to: (1) the “marriageable women” in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “The marriageable women” or “the young women of the kings court” (2) young women in general, possibly “the daughters of Jerusalem” (young women of Jerusalem) mentioned several times earlier in the book. Alternate translation: “The young women”
373	6:10	g6e9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	מִי־זֹ֥את הַ⁠נִּשְׁקָפָ֖ה כְּמוֹ־שָׁ֑חַר יָפָ֣ה כַ⁠לְּבָנָ֗ה בָּרָה֙ כַּֽ⁠חַמָּ֔ה אֲיֻמָּ֖ה כַּ⁠נִּדְגָּלֽוֹת	1	The man is not asking for information but is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Look at this woman who looks down like the dawn, beautiful like the moon, pure like the sun, terrifying like the bannered army!”
374	6:10	qk20		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	הַ⁠נִּשְׁקָפָ֖ה כְּמוֹ־שָׁ֑חַר	1	Here the man speaks of the sun as it dawns in the morning and shines down as though it were a person who could look down on the earth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the woman who shines like the sun as it rises early in the morning and brightens the sky” or “the woman who shines like the sun as it rises early in the morning and shines down from the sky”
375	6:10	y3dp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	הַ⁠נִּשְׁקָפָ֖ה כְּמוֹ־שָׁ֑חַר יָפָ֣ה כַ⁠לְּבָנָ֗ה בָּרָה֙ כַּֽ⁠חַמָּ֔ה	1	Here the man first says that the woman is like the sun in the morning as it dawns. He then says that her beauty is like the beauty of **the moon**. He then compares the woman’s radiance to the radiance of **the sun**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state these comparisons explicitly.
376	6:10	vb8c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	אֲיֻמָּ֖ה כַּ⁠נִּדְגָּלֽוֹת	1	See how you translated the identical phrase “awe-inspiring like bannered armies” in [6:4](../06/04.md).
377	6:11	j2z8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	אֶל־גִּנַּ֤ת אֱגוֹז֙ יָרַ֔דְתִּי	1	The speaker is using the possessive form to describe an area where walnut trees grow. If your language would not use a possessive form for this, you could clarify the relationship for your readers. Alternate translation: “To the nut tree garden I went down” or “To the place where walnut trees grow, I went down”
378	6:11-12	zyt8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	אֶל־גִּנַּ֤ת אֱגוֹז֙ יָרַ֔דְתִּי לִ⁠רְא֖וֹת בְּ⁠אִבֵּ֣י הַ⁠נָּ֑חַל לִ⁠רְאוֹת֙ הֲ⁠פָֽרְחָ֣ה הַ⁠גֶּ֔פֶן הֵנֵ֖צוּ הָ⁠רִמֹּנִֽים & לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי נַפְשִׁ֣⁠י שָׂמַ֔תְ⁠נִי מַרְכְּב֖וֹת עַמִּ⁠י־נָדִֽיב	1	It is difficult to know who is speaking in these two verses and Bible scholars have different opinions about who is speaking here. Because the author does not say, you should not indicate who is speaking in the text of your translation. However, if you are using section headers to indicate who is speaking, the speaker could be: (1) the man in both verses. If you decide the man is speaking, you can include these two verses under the section heading for 6:4-11 that indicates the man is speaking. (2) the woman in both verses. If you decide the woman is speaking, you can put a section header at the top of 6:11 indicating that the woman is speaking.
379	6:11	bfm1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	אֶל־גִּנַּ֤ת אֱגוֹז֙ יָרַ֔דְתִּי	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “I went down to the garden of the nut tree”
380	6:11	ggi1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	יָרַ֔דְתִּי	1	Your language may say “gone” rather than **went** in a context such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “I had gone down”
381	6:12	lt9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי	1	Here the phrase ** I did not know** means “Before I realized it” or “Before I was aware.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Before I realized it” or “Before I was aware”
382	6:12	vhtx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	נַפְשִׁ֣⁠י שָׂמַ֔תְ⁠נִי	1	The phrase **my soul put me** probably means that the man imagined what follows. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information as modeled by the UST.
383	6:12	krcw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	מַרְכְּב֖וֹת עַמִּ⁠י־נָדִֽיב	1	There are many different views among Bible scholars regarding what this phrase means and what this entire verse means. The UST offers one possible interpretation for what this phrase means. See the section on 6:12 in the chapter 6 introduction for more information about how to translate this difficult verse.
384	6:13	u681		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	שׁ֤וּבִי שׁ֨וּבִי֙ הַ⁠שּׁ֣וּלַמִּ֔ית שׁ֥וּבִי שׁ֖וּבִי וְ⁠נֶחֱזֶה־בָּ֑⁠ךְ	1	It is difficult to know with certainty who is saying this. Because the author does not say who is speaking here, you should not indicate a speaker in the text of your translation. However, if you are using section headers to indicate who is speaking, the speaker could be: (1) the young women of Jerusalem. If you decide this is who is speaking, you can indicate that with a section header above this verse. (2) friends of the man and woman. If you decide that this is who is speaking, you can place a section header above this verse indicating that. (3) the man. If you decide that this is who is speaking here, you can place a section header above this verse indicating that.
385	6:13	sbsq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	הַ⁠שּׁ֣וּלַמִּ֔ית & בַּ⁠שּׁ֣וּלַמִּ֔ית	1	The word translated as **Shulammite** refers to someone who is from the town of Shulam. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “woman from Shulam … at the woman from Shulam”
386	6:13	jl0j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	שׁ֤וּבִי שׁ֨וּבִי֙ הַ⁠שּׁ֣וּלַמִּ֔ית שׁ֥וּבִי שׁ֖וּבִי וְ⁠נֶחֱזֶה־בָּ֑⁠ךְ	1	Here the word **return** is repeated for emphasis. Repetition is a common feature of Hebrew poetry, and it would be good to show this to your readers. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could express the emphasis another way. Alternate translation: “Return Shulammite, return and let us look at you” or “Please return Shulammite, and let us look at you”
387	6:13	sm5j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	מַֽה־תֶּחֱזוּ֙ בַּ⁠שּׁ֣וּלַמִּ֔ית כִּ⁠מְחֹלַ֖ת הַֽ⁠מַּחֲנָֽיִם	1	It is difficult to know with certainty who is saying this. Because the author does not say who is speaking here, you should not indicate this in the text of your translation. However, if you are using section headers to indicate who is speaking, the speaker could be: (1) the man. If you decide that the man is speaking here, you can indicate this with a section header above this part of the verse. (2) The woman speaking of herself in the third person. If you decide that this is who is speaking here, you can place a section header indicating that the woman is speaking.
388	6:13	rl3x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	כִּ⁠מְחֹלַ֖ת הַֽ⁠מַּחֲנָֽיִם	1	The speaker is leaving out some of the words that a sentence in many languages would need to be complete. You could supply these words from the context, if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “like you look at the dance of two armies” or “like you would look at the dance of two armies”
389	6:13	rd4z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	כִּ⁠מְחֹלַ֖ת הַֽ⁠מַּחֲנָֽיִם	1	This phrase could be translated as: (1) **like the dance of two armies** which refers to a dance that is performed as entertainment for armies. Alternate translation: “like a dance performed before armies” (2) “like the dance of Mahanaim” (3) “like two rows of dancers” or “like two companies of dancers” and mean “as you like to watch two rows of people dancing” See the section in the chapter 6 introduction for more information about how to translate this phrase.
390	7:intro	hqv7				0	# Song of Songs 7 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Beauty\n\nIn 7:1-7 the man describes the woman as the epitome of female beauty and attractiveness using various comparisons.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Comparisons\n\nThere are many comparisons in this chapter. Their purpose is to describe the beauty of the woman and to describe romantic love between a man and a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) and (See:[[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### An alternate translation possibility for the word the ULT translates as “love” in [7:6](../07/06.md)\n\nIn verse 6, the ULT follows the standard Hebrew text by saying “love.” However, as a footnote in the ULT indicates, many biblical scholars believe that the original reading was more likely “one who is loved.” Consider using that reading in your translation. If “one who is loved” is used instead of “love” then, the portion of 7:6 that the ULT translates as “love with delights!” would instead be translated “one who is loved, with all your delights!”\n\n\n### An alternate translation possibility for the words that the ULT translates as “the lips of those who sleep” in [7:9](../07/09.md)\n\nIn verse 9, the ULT follows the standard Hebrew text by saying “the lips of those who sleep.” However, as a footnote in the ULT indicates, many biblical scholars believe that the original reading was more likely “lips and teeth.” The translators of the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation of the Old Testament) thought this and translated this phrase as “my lips and my teeth.” If a Bible translation exists in your region that translates this phrase with the word “teeth” instead of “those who sleep,” consider using “lips and teeth” instead of “the lips of those who sleep” in your translation.
391	7:1	z7jk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	מַה־יָּפ֧וּ פְעָמַ֛יִ⁠ךְ בַּ⁠נְּעָלִ֖ים בַּת־נָדִ֑יב חַמּוּקֵ֣י יְרֵכַ֔יִ⁠ךְ כְּמ֣וֹ חֲלָאִ֔ים מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יְדֵ֥י אָמָּֽן	1	If you are using section headings to indicate who is speaking and you decided in the previous verse that the woman said the words “Why do you look at the Shulammite like the dance of two armies,” you will need to place a section header above this verse indicating that the man is now speaking. The man begins speaking directly to the woman in this verse and continues speaking to her until part way through [7:9](../07/09.md).
392	7:1	v9et		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamation	מַה	1	Here, the word **How** is an exclamation that is emphasizing how **beautiful** the woman’s **feet** are in **sandals**. Use an exclamation that would communicate this meaning in your language.
393	7:1	oeoj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	מַה־יָּפ֧וּ פְעָמַ֛יִ⁠ךְ בַּ⁠נְּעָלִ֖ים בַּת־נָדִ֑יב	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “Daughter of a noble, how your feet are beautiful in sandals”
394	7:1	foef		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	בַּת־נָדִ֑יב	1	This phrase could: (1) be translated as **daughter of a noble** and refer to the daughter of a nobleman (a person of high social status). Alternate translation: “daughter of a nobleman” (2) be translated as “noble daughter” and mean that she had noble character. Alternate translation: “noble daughter” or “woman of noble character”
395	7:1	b72o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	חַמּוּקֵ֣י יְרֵכַ֔יִ⁠ךְ כְּמ֣וֹ חֲלָאִ֔ים מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יְדֵ֥י אָמָּֽן	1	The man is saying that the **curves** of the woman’s thighs are like **ornaments** made by a skilled **craftsman** because she is very beautiful. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “The curves of your thighs have an attractive shape, like ornaments that are made by the hands of a craftsman” or “The curves of your thighs are beautiful like the lovely curves of jewels made by a skilled craftsman”
396	7:1	vesl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יְדֵ֥י אָמָּֽן	1	The phrase **the work of the hands of a craftsman** further describes the **ornaments**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly by adding an explanatory phrase such as “which are” to show that this phrase is describing the **ornaments** and not introducing something new. Alternate translation: “which are the work of the hands of a craftsman”
397	7:1	fc12		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יְדֵ֥י אָמָּֽן	1	The man is using the **hands**, to represent all of the **craftsman** in the act of making ornaments. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the work of a craftsman” or “which a craftsman has made”
398	7:2	u88e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	שָׁרְרֵ⁠ךְ֙ אַגַּ֣ן הַ⁠סַּ֔הַר אַל־יֶחְסַ֖ר הַ⁠מָּ֑זֶג	1	The man is speaking of the woman’s shapely **navel** as if it were a **rounded bowl** used for serving wine. The phrase **that never lacks spiced wine** describes what is inside the **rounded bowl**. It probably means that, as **spiced wine** excites the man and gives him joy, so her **navel** excites him and gives him joy. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the comparison. Alternate translation: “Your navel is beautifully rounded and causes me to feel excited” or “Your navel is beautifully rounded like a wine bowl, and it causes me to feel excited like drinking spiced wine” or “Your navel is beautifully rounded like a bowl and gives me joy and excitement like when I drink spiced wine”
399	7:2	ylpb			אַל־יֶחְסַ֖ר הַ⁠מָּ֑זֶג	1	The phrase that the ULT translates as **never lacks** could be: (1) an assertion and therefore be translated as modeled by the ULT. (2) a strong wish. Alternate translation: “let it never lack spiced wine” or “may it never lack spiced wine”
400	7:2	l46c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	הַ⁠מָּ֑זֶג	1	The phrase **spiced wine** refers to wine that is mixed with spices. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of wine, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “wine that people have added spices to”
401	7:2	lpza		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	בִּטְנֵ⁠ךְ֙ עֲרֵמַ֣ת חִטִּ֔ים סוּגָ֖ה בַּ⁠שּׁוֹשַׁנִּֽים	1	The man is speaking of the woman’s **belly** as if it were **a heap of wheat**. The point is that, as wheat was a common food in Israel and was nourishing and satisfying to the appetite, so the woman satisfies him. He is also comparing the color and shape of her belly to wheat, since a **heap of wheat** is a golden beige or tan color and has a softly curved shape. The phrase **encircled with the lilies** describes the **heap of wheat** and probably means that, just as **a heap of wheat encircled with the lilies** looks beautiful, so her belly is beautiful. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Your belly is as beautiful as a heap of wheat that is encircled with lilies, and it satisfies me” or “The shape and color of your belly is beautiful” or “Your belly is beautiful and satisfying”
402	7:2	cz8d			סוּגָ֖ה בַּ⁠שּׁוֹשַׁנִּֽים	1	Alternate translation: “which has lilies all around it”
403	7:3	jw6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	שְׁנֵ֥י שָׁדַ֛יִ⁠ךְ כִּ⁠שְׁנֵ֥י עֳפָרִ֖ים תָּאֳמֵ֥י צְבִיָּֽה	1	See how you translated the almost identical statement in [4:5](../04/05.md).
404	7:4	uv17		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	צַוָּארֵ֖⁠ךְ כְּ⁠מִגְדַּ֣ל הַ⁠שֵּׁ֑ן	1	Here the man is saying that the woman’s **neck** is like a **tower** that is adorned with **ivory** (not made of ivory) because the woman’s neck is both beautiful and tall and slender. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “Your neck is beautiful and slender” or “Your neck is beautiful and tall like a tower that people have adorned with ivory” or “Your neck is lovely and tall like a tower decorated with ivory”
405	7:4	xgt7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	הַ⁠שֵּׁ֑ן	1	See how you translated the term **ivory** in [5:14](../05/14.md).
406	7:4	h4ih		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	עֵינַ֜יִ⁠ךְ בְּרֵכ֣וֹת בְּ⁠חֶשְׁבּ֗וֹן עַל־שַׁ֨עַר֙ בַּת־רַבִּ֔ים	1	The man is speaking of the woman’s **eyes** as if they were clear **pools** of water in the city of **Heshbon**. The man does not say how the woman’s eyes are like **pools in Heshbon**. It may be that the woman’s eyes sparkle or shine in the light like when light shines on water, or that her eyes look mysterious and deep (and possibly dark) like a deep pool of water, or that her eyes reflect light like a pool of water does. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Your eyes shine like the sun reflecting off the pools in Heshbon by the gate of Bath Rabbim” or “Your eyes are deep and mysterious like the pools in Heshbon by the gate of Bath Rabbim”
407	7:4	md6s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	בְּ⁠חֶשְׁבּ֗וֹן	1	**Heshbon** is the name of a city.
408	7:4	r1vf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	עַל־שַׁ֨עַר֙ בַּת־רַבִּ֔ים	1	**Bath Rabbim** is the name of this gate. Alternate translation: “by the gate called Bath Rabbim” or “by the gate that people call Bath Rabbim”
409	7:4	a4vg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	אַפֵּ⁠ךְ֙ כְּ⁠מִגְדַּ֣ל הַ⁠לְּבָנ֔וֹן צוֹפֶ֖ה פְּנֵ֥י דַמָּֽשֶׂק	1	The man is saying that the woman’s **nose** is like **the tower of Lebanon** that faces toward the city of **Damascus** because the woman’s nose was high and/or long (attractive in that culture) and beautiful and made her look dignified and impressive like **the tower of Lebanon**. This tower was high and was used as a military watch tower. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “Your nose is beautiful and makes you look dignified” or “Your nose is long and beautiful like the tower in Lebanon that faces Damascus” or “Your nose is high and beautiful like the tower in Lebanon that faces Damascus”
410	7:5	jn22		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	רֹאשֵׁ֤⁠ךְ עָלַ֨יִ⁠ךְ֙ כַּ⁠כַּרְמֶ֔ל	1	The man is saying that the woman’s head is beautiful and majestic like Mount **Carmel** and it increases the beauty of the rest of her body. Mount **Carmel** is a beautiful and majestic looking mountain and adds beauty to what is below it. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Your head is beautiful and majestic like Mount Carmel”
411	7:5	p1hm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	כַּ⁠כַּרְמֶ֔ל	1	**Carmel** refers to the mountain called Mount Carmel. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers.
412	7:5	nixx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	וְ⁠דַלַּ֥ת רֹאשֵׁ֖⁠ךְ כָּ⁠אַרְגָּמָ֑ן	1	Here the word **purple** refers to wool cloth that was dyed a purple-red color. The phrase **the loose hair of your head is like purple** could mean: (1) that the woman’s hair was a shiny black that reflected a black-purplish color in sunlight. Alternate translation: “and the loose hair of your is head shiny and black” or “and the loose hair of your head looks shiny purplish black as the sun shines on it” (2) that the woman’s hair made her look like a queen (purple was associated with royalty). Alternate translation: “and the loose hair of your head is like royal cloth”
413	7:5	hkk7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	מֶ֖לֶךְ אָס֥וּר בָּ⁠רְהָטִֽים	1	The man is speaking of the beauty of the **tresses** of the woman’s hair as if they could capture **a king** because the woman’s **tresses** are so beautiful that they captivate his attention. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Your tresses are so beautiful that a king is not able to stop admiring them” or “Your hair is so beautiful that a king is not able to stop admiring it” or “the king is captivated by your tresses”
414	7:5	njmj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	מֶ֖לֶךְ אָס֥וּר	1	The implication is that the man speaking here is the **king**. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “your king is held captive” or “I, your king, am held captive”
415	7:5	xe8w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	מֶ֖לֶךְ אָס֥וּר בָּ⁠רְהָטִֽים	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, the context implies that the woman’s **tresses** did it. Alternate translation: “the tresses hold the king captive” or “your tresses hold the king captive”
416	7:5	l5e5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	בָּ⁠רְהָטִֽים	1	Here the assumes that the readers will understand that the word **tresses** refers to the woman’s hair which hangs down from her head. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “in the long locks of your hair” or “in the flowing locks of your hair”
417	7:6	bag7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamation	מַה־יָּפִית֙	1	See how you translated the similar phrase “You are beautiful” in [6:4](../06/04.md).
418	7:6	z5in		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamation	מַה־יָּפִית֙ וּ⁠מַה־נָּעַ֔מְתְּ	1	This is an exclamation that is emphasizing the beauty and loveliness of the woman. Use an exclamation that would communicate that meaning in your language.
419	7:6	sf85			אַהֲבָ֖ה	1	See the chapter seven introduction for information regarding an alternate translation of the word **love**.
420	7:6	mtn9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	אַהֲבָ֖ה בַּ⁠תַּֽעֲנוּגִֽים	1	The man is praising the delightfulness of romantic love. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “romantic love has many delights” or “how delightful romantic love is” or “romantic love is very delightful”
421	7:6	hqx3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	אַהֲבָ֖ה בַּ⁠תַּֽעֲנוּגִֽים	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **love**, you could express the same idea in another way.
422	7:7	jy1s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	זֹ֤את קֽוֹמָתֵ⁠ךְ֙ דָּֽמְתָ֣ה לְ⁠תָמָ֔ר	1	The man is saying that the woman is tall like a **palm tree**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “You are tall”
423	7:7	f6me		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	לְ⁠תָמָ֔ר & לְ⁠אַשְׁכֹּלֽוֹת׃	1	Here the term **palm tree** refers to a date palm, which is tall, thin, and produces small fruits called dates. The term **clusters** refers to bunches of dates that grow on the date palm. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of tree or its fruit, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a tall and slender fruit tree … its clusters of fruit” or “a tall fruit tree … like its clusters of delicious fruit”
424	7:7	jr1v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	וְ⁠שָׁדַ֖יִ⁠ךְ לְ⁠אַשְׁכֹּלֽוֹת	1	The man is saying that the woman’s **breasts** are like the **clusters** of plump dates that grow on date palms. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and your breasts are plump and round” or “and your breasts are plump and round like its clusters”
425	7:8	rpxa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אָמַ֨רְתִּי֙ אֶעֱלֶ֣ה בְ⁠תָמָ֔ר אֹֽחֲזָ֖ה בְּ⁠סַנְסִנָּ֑י⁠ו	1	Here the man is speaking of the woman as if she were **the palm tree** and her breasts as if they were **fruit stalks**. The man speaks of his desire to caress and be intimate with her by saying **I will grab hold of its fruit stalks**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will go to the woman I love and caress her breasts and enjoy being intimate with her” or “I will go to the woman I love and enjoy touching her breasts and being close to her”
426	7:8	p7ge		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	אָמַ֨רְתִּי֙	1	Here the phrase **I said** means that the man said or thought to himself, **I will go up the palm tree; I will grab hold of its fruit stalks**. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I thought to myself”
427	7:8	evx4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	בְ⁠תָמָ֔ר	1	See how you translated the phrase **palm tree** in the previous verse.
428	7:8	bbvd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative	אֶעֱלֶ֣ה בְ⁠תָמָ֔ר אֹֽחֲזָ֖ה בְּ⁠סַנְסִנָּ֑י⁠ו	1	The man is using a future statement to indicate his intent or desire to do something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “I want to go up the palm tree; I want to grab hold of its fruit stalks” or “I have determined to go up the palm tree and grab hold of its fruit stalks”
429	7:8	hqz3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	אֶעֱלֶ֣ה	1	Your language may say “come” rather than **go** in a context such as this. Alternate translation: “I will come up”
430	7:8	zfb8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	וְ⁠יִֽהְיוּ־נָ֤א שָׁדַ֨יִ⁠ךְ֙ כְּ⁠אֶשְׁכְּל֣וֹת הַ⁠גֶּ֔פֶן וְ⁠רֵ֥יחַ אַפֵּ֖⁠ךְ כַּ⁠תַּפּוּחִֽים	1	The phrases **let your breasts be like the clusters of the vine** and **let the smell of your nose be like apples** are both comparisons. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “And, please, let your breasts be sweet and enjoyable like the clusters of the vine, and let the smell of your breath be pleasant like the pleasant smell of apples”
431	7:8	s1bf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	וְ⁠יִֽהְיוּ־נָ֤א שָׁדַ֨יִ⁠ךְ֙ & וְ⁠רֵ֥יחַ	1	The man is expressing a wish or desire. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And, please, may your breasts be … and may the smell of”
432	7:8	sih4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	כְּ⁠אֶשְׁכְּל֣וֹת הַ⁠גֶּ֔פֶן	1	The phrase **like the clusters of the vine** refers to clusters of grapes that grow on grapevines. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “like the clusters of the grapevine”
433	7:8	z5l1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	וְ⁠רֵ֥יחַ אַפֵּ֖⁠ךְ כַּ⁠תַּפּוּחִֽים	1	Here, **nose** represents breath. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and let the smell of your breath be like apples” or “and let the smell of the breath coming from your nose be like apples”
434	7:8	f9is		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	כַּ⁠תַּפּוּחִֽים	1	An apple is a round hard fruit that has a sweet taste and a pleasant smell. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of fruit, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “be like sweet fruit” or “be like fragrant fruit” or “be like fruit”
435	7:9	btth		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	וְ⁠חִכֵּ֕⁠ךְ כְּ⁠יֵ֥ין הַ⁠טּ֛וֹב הוֹלֵ֥ךְ לְ⁠דוֹדִ֖⁠י לְ⁠מֵישָׁרִ֑ים דּוֹבֵ֖ב שִׂפְתֵ֥י יְשֵׁנִֽים	1	The man is saying that the woman’s kisses (**mouth**) are like **wine** because both are pleasant tasting and have a powerful effect on the body. The woman continues this comparison. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and let your mouth be pleasant tasting and intoxicating like the best wine. May my mouth be like pleasant and intoxicating wine which goes down to my beloved smoothly, gliding over the lips of those who sleep”
436	7:9	qkwu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	וְ⁠חִכֵּ֕⁠ךְ	1	The man is expressing a wish or desire. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “and may your mouth be”
437	7:9	yrg1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	וְ⁠חִכֵּ֕⁠ךְ	1	Here, **mouth** represents the kisses which come from the woman’s mouth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and let your kisses be”
438	7:9	fuvm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	הוֹלֵ֥ךְ לְ⁠דוֹדִ֖⁠י לְ⁠מֵישָׁרִ֑ים דּוֹבֵ֖ב שִׂפְתֵ֥י יְשֵׁנִֽים	1	Some Bible scholars think the speaker in this part of the verse: (1) is the woman. Because the author does not say who is speaking here, you should not indicate the speaker explicitly in the text. However, if you are using section headers to indicate who is speaking, you can indicate that the woman is now speaking. (2) continues to be the man. If you decide that the man is still speaking, you do not need a header above this portion, but if you are using headers, you will need a header above the next verse indicating that the woman is speaking (since Bible scholars agree that the speaker is the woman beginning in 7:10 and continuing through at least 8:3).
439	7:9	thlw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	הוֹלֵ֥ךְ לְ⁠דוֹדִ֖⁠י לְ⁠מֵישָׁרִ֑ים	1	Your language may say “Coming” rather than **Going** in a context such as this. Alternate translation: “Coming down for my beloved smoothly”
440	7:9	lns1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	הוֹלֵ֥ךְ לְ⁠דוֹדִ֖⁠י לְ⁠מֵישָׁרִ֑ים דּוֹבֵ֖ב שִׂפְתֵ֥י יְשֵׁנִֽים	1	The phrases **Going down** and **gliding** both refer to the wine mentioned earlier in the verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “Wine, which is going down to my beloved smoothly, gliding over the lips of those who sleep” or “Wine, which is going down to my beloved smoothly; wine, which is gliding over the lips of those who sleep”
441	7:9	i415		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	לְ⁠מֵישָׁרִ֑ים דּוֹבֵ֖ב	1	Here, the word **smoothly** means “freely” and refers to freely flowing wine. The word **gliding** here means “flowing.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “freely, flowing over”
442	7:9	hfsc			שִׂפְתֵ֥י יְשֵׁנִֽים	1	See the chapter 7 introduction for information regarding an alternate translation of the words that the ULT translates as **the lips of those who sleep**.
443	7:10	k7zq			אֲנִ֣י לְ⁠דוֹדִ֔⁠י	1	See how you translated the identical phrase in [Song of Songs 6:3](../06/01.md).
444	7:11	xmwk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	לְכָ֤⁠ה	1	Your language may say “Go” rather than **Come** in a context such as this. Alternate translation: “Go”
445	7:11	c7tx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	לְכָ֤⁠ה דוֹדִ⁠י֙	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “My beloved, come”
446	7:11	evc9			נָלִ֖ינָה בַּ⁠כְּפָרִֽים	1	Alternate translation: “and let us stay overnight in a village somewhere”
447	7:11	d0wu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	בַּ⁠כְּפָרִֽים	1	The word which the ULT translates as **in the villages** has two possible meanings in the original language. Here it could mean: (1) **in the villages** as modeled by the ULT’s translation. (2) “among the henna bushes” (henna bushes produce flowers). If you choose this option, see how you translated the phrase “henna blossoms” in [1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “among the henna bushes” or “among the wildflowers” or “among the henna blossoms”
448	7:12	iii6			נַשְׁכִּ֨ימָה֙	1	Alternate translation: “Let us wake up early and go” or “Let us get up early and go”
449	7:12	w3p4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	נַשְׁכִּ֨ימָה֙	1	Your language may say “come” rather than **go** in a context such as this. Alternate translation: “Let us come early”
450	7:12	xm75			פָּֽרְחָ֤ה הַ⁠גֶּ֨פֶן֙	1	See how you translated the similar phrase “had the vine budded” in [6:11](../06/11.md).
451	7:12	fe54			הֵנֵ֖צוּ הָ⁠רִמּוֹנִ֑ים	1	See how you translated the similar phrase “Had the pomegranates bloomed” in [6:11](../06/11.md).
452	7:12	q3a4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	אֶתֵּ֥ן אֶת־דֹּדַ֖⁠י לָֽ⁠ךְ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **love**, you could express the same idea in another way as modeled by the UST.
453	7:13	v61b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	הַֽ⁠דּוּדָאִ֣ים נָֽתְנוּ־רֵ֗יחַ	1	The **mandrakes** are plants which produce pleasant-smelling flowers. People in that culture thought that smelling or eating fruit from the mandrake plant would arouse a person’s sexual desire and would help women to conceive children. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of plant, you could use the name of a similar plant in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “The love flowers give off their scent” or “The scent of the love flowers is in the air”
454	7:13	alp4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וְ⁠עַל־פְּתָחֵ֨י⁠נוּ֙ כָּל־מְגָדִ֔ים חֲדָשִׁ֖ים גַּם־יְשָׁנִ֑ים דּוֹדִ֖⁠י צָפַ֥נְתִּי לָֽ⁠ךְ	1	The woman speaks of her love for the man as if it were **all choice fruits** that she has **stored up ** (reserved) for him. She also speaks of the pleasure they will enjoy together when they express their love as **all choice fruits** stored **over our doors**. (In that culture fruit was often kept on a shelf above doors). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and we are surrounded by delightful pleasures, new ones and old ones, pleasures that I have been saving to give to you, my beloved”
455	7:13	xbk7			וְ⁠עַל־פְּתָחֵ֨י⁠נוּ֙ כָּל־מְגָדִ֔ים	1	Alternate translation: “and above the entrance of our house are every one of the best fruits”
456	7:13	c2ah		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	חֲדָשִׁ֖ים גַּם־יְשָׁנִ֑ים	1	Here, **new ones and also old ones** is an idiom which means “all kinds of fruit.” **New ones** refers to fruit which isn't yet ripe and **old ones** refers to ripe fruit. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have that meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “fruit that is not yet ripe and also sweet ripe fruit” or “all kinds of fruit”
457	7:13	jsb8			דּוֹדִ֖⁠י צָפַ֥נְתִּי לָֽ⁠ךְ	1	Alternate translation: “My beloved, I have saved these so that I can give them to you” or “My beloved, I have saved my love so that I can give it to you”
458	8:intro	d35n				0	# Song of Songs 8 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Strong feelings of love and commitment between a man and woman who love each other romantically\n\n8:6-7 describe the strong feelings of love, commitment, and emotional attachment that exist between a man and woman who love each other romantically.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n\n### The meaning of [8:12](../08/12.md)\n\nThe three possible meanings of [8:12](../08/12.md) are: (1) that the woman is speaking of herself as a vineyard and saying that her vineyard is hers alone. She is comparing herself to Solomon’s vineyard (discussed in [8:11](../08/11.md)) and saying that Solomon and his vineyard keepers can keep the profits from that vineyard. This is the interpretation of the UST. (2) that the woman is speaking of herself as a vineyard but saying that she chooses to give herself freely to the man whom she loves and calls Solomon. (3) that the man is speaking of the woman he loves as a vineyard and is comparing his vineyard to Solomon’s vineyard. He feels wealthier than Solomon because he has the woman he loves as his vineyard and so Solomon and Solomon’s keepers can keep their portion of the profits from that vineyard.
459	8:1	dp21		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	מִ֤י יִתֶּנְ⁠ךָ֙ כְּ⁠אָ֣ח לִ֔⁠י יוֹנֵ֖ק שְׁדֵ֣י אִמִּ֑⁠י	1	Here the woman is using the idiom **Who will give you** to express her wish that the man she loves be **like a brother** to her (so that she could publicly kiss him). If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have that meaning or you could state the meaning in plainly. Alternate translation: “How I wish that you were like a brother to me, who nursed at the breasts of my mother” or “How I desire that you were like a brother to me, who nursed at the breasts of my mother”
460	8:1	nh74		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	מִ֤י יִתֶּנְ⁠ךָ֙ כְּ⁠אָ֣ח לִ֔⁠י יוֹנֵ֖ק שְׁדֵ֣י אִמִּ֑⁠י	1	In the writer's culture, it was not socially acceptable for someone to show public affection towards a spouse and/or a romantic partner, but it was acceptable for siblings to give each other non-romantic kisses in public. If it would help your readers, you could explain to them that the woman desires that the man she loves be **like a brother** so that she could show public affection toward him.
461	8:1	tdby		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	מִ֤י יִתֶּנְ⁠ךָ֙ כְּ⁠אָ֣ח לִ֔⁠י יוֹנֵ֖ק שְׁדֵ֣י אִמִּ֑⁠י	1	The phrase **who nursed at the breasts of my mother** describes the word **brother** and has a similar meaning. This is poetic language. Saying the same thing in slightly different ways is a common feature of Hebrew poetry. If your language has a way to indicate poetry, you could use it here. Alternate translation: “Who will give you like a brother to me”
462	8:1-2	wx6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	אֶֽמְצָאֲ⁠ךָ֤ בַ⁠חוּץ֙ אֶשָׁ֣קְ⁠ךָ֔ גַּ֖ם לֹא־יָב֥וּזוּ לִֽ⁠י & אֶנְהָֽגֲ⁠ךָ֗ אֲבִֽיאֲ⁠ךָ֛ אֶל־בֵּ֥ית אִמִּ֖⁠י תְּלַמְּדֵ֑⁠נִי אַשְׁקְ⁠ךָ֙ מִ⁠יַּ֣יִן הָ⁠רֶ֔קַח מֵ⁠עֲסִ֖יס רִמֹּנִֽ⁠י	1	The woman is using a hypothetical situation (the situation of the man being **like a brother** to her and her finding him **outside**) to express what she would do if the the man she loved were **like a brother** to her. Alternate translation: “If you were like a brother to me and if I found you outside, then I would kiss you. Yes, if you were like a brother to me then they would not despise me. If you were like a brother to me then I would lead you; I would bring to the house of my mother who taught me and I would make you drink from the wine of spice, from the juice of my pomegranate”
463	8:1	ftwb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	גַּ֖ם	1	Here the word **Yes** is used to strongly affirm what follows it in this sentence. Use a natural form that would communicate that meaning in your language.
464	8:1	xesp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	לֹא־יָב֥וּזוּ לִֽ⁠י	1	The woman is saying that if the man she loved were **like a brother** and she found him **outside** and kissed him, the result is that **they would not despise me**. Use a natural form in your language for expressing a statement like this. Alternate translation: “then they would not despise me”
465	8:2	c9tl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	אֲבִֽיאֲ⁠ךָ֛ אֶל־בֵּ֥ית אִמִּ֖⁠י	1	See how you translated the similar phrase **I had brought him to the house of my mother** in [3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “I would take you to the house of my mother”
466	8:2	qs1q			אֲבִֽיאֲ⁠ךָ֛ אֶל־בֵּ֥ית אִמִּ֖⁠י תְּלַמְּדֵ֑⁠נִי	1	Alternate translation: “I would bring you to the house of my mother who taught me”
467	8:2	kdoj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	אַשְׁקְ⁠ךָ֙ מִ⁠יַּ֣יִן הָ⁠רֶ֔קַח	1	The phrase **I would make you drink from the wine of spice** means “I would cause you to drink (by giving you) spiced wine.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include that information Alternate translation: “I would cause you to drink spiced wine” or “I would give you spiced wine to drink”
468	8:2	snjj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	מִ⁠יַּ֣יִן הָ⁠רֶ֔קַח	1	See how you translated the similar phrase “spiced wine” in [7:2](../07/02.md).
469	8:2	c7vj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	אַשְׁקְ⁠ךָ֙ מִ⁠יַּ֣יִן הָ⁠רֶ֔קַח מֵ⁠עֲסִ֖יס רִמֹּנִֽ⁠י	1	The woman is politely and poetically referring to giving herself sexually to the man by using the phrase **I would make you drink from the wine of spice** and drink **from the juice of my pomegranate**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “I will give myself to you as if I were making you drink from the wine of spice and pomegranate juice” or “I will give myself to you as if I were giving you spiced wine to drink and giving you pomegranate juice to enjoy”
470	8:2	vskh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	מֵ⁠עֲסִ֖יס רִמֹּנִֽ⁠י	1	Here the term the ULT translates as **juice** refers to fresh new wine that is sweet. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “from my fresh pomegranate wine” or “from my sweet pomegranate wine”
471	8:3	vpti		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	שְׂמֹאל⁠וֹ֙ תַּ֣חַת רֹאשִׁ֔⁠י וִֽ⁠ימִינ֖⁠וֹ תְּחַבְּקֵֽ⁠נִי	1	This verse is identical to [Song of Songs 2:6](../02/06.md). Translate this verse exactly as you translated [2:6](../02/06.md).
472	8:4	z8a4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula	הִשְׁבַּ֥עְתִּי אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם בְּנ֣וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם מַה־תָּעִ֧ירוּ ׀ וּֽ⁠מַה־תְּעֹֽרְר֛וּ אֶת־הָ⁠אַהֲבָ֖ה עַ֥ד שֶׁ⁠תֶּחְפָּֽץ	1	You should translate this verse in a similar way to how you translated [Song of Songs 2:7](../02/07.md), but because this verse does not have the phrase “by the female gazelles or the does of the field,” you should not include that phrase in this verse.
473	8:5	ljjf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	מִ֣י זֹ֗את עֹלָה֙ מִן־הַ⁠מִּדְבָּ֔ר מִתְרַפֶּ֖קֶת עַל־דּוֹדָ֑⁠הּ	1	The author does not say who is speaking about the couple here so you should not indicate who you think is speaking explicitly in the text of your translation. However, if you are using section headers to indicate who is speaking, as the UST does, the speakers here are most likely the “daughters of Jerusalem” who spoke several times earlier in the book and who were addressed in the previous verse.
474	8:5	a5w5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	מִ֣י זֹ֗את עֹלָה֙ מִן־הַ⁠מִּדְבָּ֔ר מִתְרַפֶּ֖קֶת עַל־דּוֹדָ֑⁠הּ	1	The writer is using the question form, **Who is that**, to create a sense of expectation and interest. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation.
475	8:5	wu6i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	עֹלָה֙	1	The writer assumes that his readers understand that the group of people **coming up from the wilderness** to Jerusalem must travel upward because **the wilderness** is low in the Jordan valley and Jerusalem is built on hills. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “moving upward” or “arising”
476	8:5	gd2i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	עֹלָה֙	1	Your language may say “going” rather than **coming** in a context such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “going up”
477	8:5-7	df81		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	תַּ֤חַת הַ⁠תַּפּ֨וּחַ֙ עֽוֹרַרְתִּ֔י⁠ךָ שָׁ֚מָּ⁠ה חִבְּלַ֣תְ⁠ךָ אִמֶּ֔⁠ךָ שָׁ֖מָּ⁠ה חִבְּלָ֥ה יְלָדַֽתְ⁠ךָ & שִׂימֵ֨⁠נִי כַֽ⁠חוֹתָ֜ם עַל־לִבֶּ֗⁠ךָ כַּֽ⁠חוֹתָם֙ עַל־זְרוֹעֶ֔⁠ךָ כִּֽי־עַזָּ֤ה כַ⁠מָּ֨וֶת֙ אַהֲבָ֔ה קָשָׁ֥ה כִ⁠שְׁא֖וֹל קִנְאָ֑ה רְשָׁפֶ֕י⁠הָ רִשְׁפֵּ֕י אֵ֖שׁ שַׁלְהֶ֥בֶתְ יָֽה & מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֗ים לֹ֤א יֽוּכְלוּ֙ לְ⁠כַבּ֣וֹת אֶת־הָֽ⁠אַהֲבָ֔ה וּ⁠נְהָר֖וֹת לֹ֣א יִשְׁטְפ֑וּ⁠הָ אִם־יִתֵּ֨ן אִ֜ישׁ אֶת־כָּל־ה֤וֹן בֵּית⁠וֹ֙ בָּ⁠אַהֲבָ֔ה בּ֖וֹז יָב֥וּזוּ לֽ⁠וֹ	1	The author does not say who is speaking here so you should not indicate who you think is speaking in the text of your translation. However, if you are using section headers to indicate who is speaking, you can place a header above this section indicating who the speaker is. Here the speaker could be: (1) the woman. (2) The man.
478	8:5	iobz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	הַ⁠תַּפּ֨וּחַ֙	1	See how you translated the phrase **apple tree** in [2:3](../02/03.md).
479	8:5	cf0x			חִבְּלַ֣תְ⁠ךָ	1	The phrase the ULT translates as **was in labor with you** could: (1) refer to the process of a mother being in labor and be translated as the ULT models. (2) refer to the act of conception. Alternate translation: “conceived you”
480	8:6	zl22		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	שִׂימֵ֨⁠נִי כַֽ⁠חוֹתָ֜ם עַל־לִבֶּ֗⁠ךָ כַּֽ⁠חוֹתָם֙ עַל־זְרוֹעֶ֔⁠ךָ	1	The woman is saying that she wants the man she loves to be close to her like a **seal** hanging from a cord around his neck down over his **heart** (chest) and like a **seal** that is worn on his **arm**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Please keep me very near to you”
481	8:6	ixip		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	כַּֽ⁠חוֹתָם֙ עַל־זְרוֹעֶ֔⁠ךָ	1	The word which the ULT translates as **arm** can refer to any part of the arm, including the wrist and hand. The phrase **the seal on your arm** refers to a seal that is worn on a bracelet on the wrist. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “like a seal worn on your wrist” or “like a seal worn on a bracelet on your wrist”
482	8:6	eq3p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	כַּֽ⁠חוֹתָם֙ עַל־זְרוֹעֶ֔⁠ךָ	1	The speaker is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from earlier in the sentence. Alternate translation: “place me like the seal on your arm”
483	8:6	tci8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	עַזָּ֤ה כַ⁠מָּ֨וֶת֙ אַהֲבָ֔ה קָשָׁ֥ה כִ⁠שְׁא֖וֹל קִנְאָ֑ה	1	The phrases **strong like death is love** and **unyielding like Sheol is zeal** are comparisons because romantic **love** and **death** are both very strong and overcome a person in a powerful and irresistible way while **Sheol** and the **zeal** of romantic love are both **unyielding**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly.
484	8:6	bqf1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	כִּֽי־עַזָּ֤ה כַ⁠מָּ֨וֶת֙ אַהֲבָ֔ה	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **love**, you could express the same idea in another way that is natural in your language.
485	8:6	kkfg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	קָשָׁ֥ה כִ⁠שְׁא֖וֹל קִנְאָ֑ה	1	Here the word the ULT translates as **zeal** could: (1) have the positive meaning of the romantic fervor that lovers have for one another. Alternate translation: “unyielding like Sheol is the zeal lovers have for each other” or “the passionate feelings lovers have for one another is unyielding like Sheol” (2) refer to the negative feelings of lovers who are jealous for the affection, love, and attention of the other. Alternate translation: “unyielding like Sheol is jealousy” or “the jealousy lovers have for the love of one another is unyielding like Sheol”
486	8:6	jzw0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	קָשָׁ֥ה כִ⁠שְׁא֖וֹל קִנְאָ֑ה	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **zeal**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “lovers zealously love each other in a way that is unyielding like Sheol” or “lovers passionately love each other in a way that is unyielding like Sheol”
487	8:6	fgrc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	כִ⁠שְׁא֖וֹל	1	Here, **Sheol** represents **death**. This line is parallel in meaning to the preceding line. The woman is again referring to **death** by association with **Sheol**, which is where dead people were thought to go in that culture. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly.
488	8:6	fvz9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	רְשָׁפֶ֕י⁠הָ רִשְׁפֵּ֕י אֵ֖שׁ שַׁלְהֶ֥בֶתְ יָֽה	1	Here the woman is speaking of the zeal of romantic love as if it were **flashes of fire** and **the flame of Yah**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The zeal of lovers is like flashes of fire and like the flame of Yahweh” or “The passion of lovers is like flashes of fire and like the flame of Yahweh”
489	8:7	baf6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֗ים לֹ֤א יֽוּכְלוּ֙ לְ⁠כַבּ֣וֹת אֶת־הָֽ⁠אַהֲבָ֔ה וּ⁠נְהָר֖וֹת לֹ֣א יִשְׁטְפ֑וּ⁠הָ	1	Here the writer is speaking of **love** as if it is a strongly burning fire which **Many waters** cannot **quench** and which **rivers** cannot **drown**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Love is so strong that it is like a strong fire that great amounts of water cannot quench and which rivers full of water cannot put out” or “The feelings of love which a man and a woman who are lovers have for each other is very strong” or “Nothing can stop romantic love”\n
490	8:7	j0q6			מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֗ים לֹ֤א יֽוּכְלוּ֙ לְ⁠כַבּ֣וֹת אֶת־הָֽ⁠אַהֲבָ֔ה וּ⁠נְהָר֖וֹת לֹ֣א יִשְׁטְפ֑וּ⁠הָ	1	Alternate translation: “Nothing can extinguish our love for each other, not even a flood”
491	8:7	riom		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	אֶת־הָֽ⁠אַהֲבָ֔ה & בָּ⁠אַהֲבָ֔ה	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **love**, you could express the same idea in some other way that is natural in your language.
492	8:7	jwh1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact	אִם־יִתֵּ֨ן אִ֜ישׁ אֶת־כָּל־ה֤וֹן בֵּית⁠וֹ֙ בָּ⁠אַהֲבָ֔ה בּ֖וֹז יָב֥וּזוּ לֽ⁠וֹ	1	The woman speaks as if this were a hypothetical situation, but she means that it must be true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might think that what the woman is saying is uncertain, then you could translate her words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “Even though a man tries to give all the wealth of his house in exchange for love, his offer will be utterly despised”
493	8:7	n3pn			בָּ⁠אַהֲבָ֔ה	1	Alternate translation: “in order to get love” or “in order to buy love”
494	8:8-9	qj9z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	אָח֥וֹת לָ֨⁠נוּ֙ קְטַנָּ֔ה וְ⁠שָׁדַ֖יִם אֵ֣ין לָ֑⁠הּ מַֽה־נַּעֲשֶׂה֙ לַ⁠אֲחֹתֵ֔⁠נוּ בַּ⁠יּ֖וֹם שֶׁ⁠יְּדֻבַּר־בָּֽ⁠הּ & אִם־חוֹמָ֣ה הִ֔יא נִבְנֶ֥ה עָלֶ֖י⁠הָ טִ֣ירַת כָּ֑סֶף וְ⁠אִם־דֶּ֣לֶת הִ֔יא נָצ֥וּר עָלֶ֖י⁠הָ ל֥וּחַ אָֽרֶז	1	Since the author does not say who is speaking here, you should not indicate who you think is speaking explicitly in the text of your translation. However, the majority of Bible scholars think that the woman’s brothers are speaking here. Because of this and because the phrases **A sister belongs to us** and **What will we do with our sister** in 8:8 seem to indicate that the woman’s brothers are speaking, you can place a header above 8:8-9, indicating that the woman’s brothers are speaking.
495	8:8	au5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	קְטַנָּ֔ה	1	Here the phrase **a little one** means “a young one” or “a younger one.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “a young one” or “a younger one”
496	8:8	ada0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	וְ⁠שָׁדַ֖יִם אֵ֣ין לָ֑⁠הּ	1	The phrase **and breasts there are not for her** is an idiom that means the woman’s brothers think she has not reached full physical maturity and is therefore not yet ready for marriage. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have that meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and she is not yet fully grown” or “and her breasts are still small” or “and she is not yet ready for marriage”
497	8:8	t9yn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	בַּ⁠יּ֖וֹם	1	Here, **on the day** is an idiom that means “at the time.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have that meaning or state the meaning plainly.
498	8:8	tzso		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	בַּ⁠יּ֖וֹם שֶׁ⁠יְּדֻבַּר־בָּֽ⁠הּ	1	The phrase **the day when it is spoken for her** means “on the day when she is spoken for in marriage” and betrothed to a man. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “on the day when she is pledged to be married” or “on the day when she is spoken for in marriage” or “on the day when she is betrothed to be married”
499	8:8	rs4v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	שֶׁ⁠יְּדֻבַּר־בָּֽ⁠הּ	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, the context implies that the brothers are the ones who will do it. Alternate translation: “when we speak for her by promising a man that he can marry her”
500	8:9	mpf5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אִם־חוֹמָ֣ה הִ֔יא נִבְנֶ֥ה עָלֶ֖י⁠הָ טִ֣ירַת כָּ֑סֶף	1	Here the woman’s brothers are speaking of their sister as if she were **a wall** that they would protect by building **a battlement of silver** on it. The meaning could be: (1) that they would protect her virginity by guarding her like a wall that has a battlement can be guarded. Alternate translation: “We will protect her virginity like we would protect a wall by building a battlement of silver on it” (2) that her chest was flat because her breasts were not fully formed, and they would try to make her attractive for the man she was going to marry by adorning her with silver jewels. Alternate translation: “If her chest is flat like a wall, we will decorate it by putting silver jewels that are like towers on it”
501	8:9	durb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וְ⁠אִם־דֶּ֣לֶת הִ֔יא נָצ֥וּר עָלֶ֖י⁠הָ ל֥וּחַ אָֽרֶז	1	Here the woman’s brothers are speaking of their sister as if she were **a door** that they would **enclose** with **boards of cedar**. The meaning could be: (1) that they would make an effort to protect her virginity. Alternate translation: “We will protect her virginity like we would enclose a door with boards of cedar” (2) that her chest was flat because her breasts were not fully formed and so they would try to make her more attractive for the man she was going to marry by adorning her the way they would decorate a door with cedar wood (The word the ULT translates as **enclose** is identical in form to another word which means “decorate” so “decorate” could be the intended meaning here). Alternate translation: “And if she is flat like a door, we will decorate her like we would decorate a door with planks of cedar wood”
502	8:10	bllz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	אֲנִ֣י חוֹמָ֔ה וְ⁠שָׁדַ֖⁠י כַּ⁠מִּגְדָּל֑וֹת אָ֛ז הָיִ֥יתִי בְ⁠עֵינָ֖י⁠ו כְּ⁠מוֹצְאֵ֥ת שָׁלֽוֹם	1	The author does not say who is speaking here so you should not indicate who you think is speaking in the text of your translation. However, if you are using section headers to indicate who is speaking, you can place a header above 8:10 indicating that the speaker is the woman.
503	8:10	n2vy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אֲנִ֣י חוֹמָ֔ה	1	Here the woman continues the metaphor that her brothers began in the preceding verse by referring to herself as **a wall**. She could: (1) be indicating that she had remained a virgin. Alternate translation: “I was like a wall and remained a virgin” (2) be referring to her chest by saying that in the past her breasts were not fully formed. Alternate translation: “My chest was previously flat like a wall”
504	8:10	r3ez			וְ⁠שָׁדַ֖⁠י	1	Alternate translation: “but now my breasts are”
505	8:10	mc78		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	וְ⁠שָׁדַ֖⁠י כַּ⁠מִּגְדָּל֑וֹת	1	The woman is saying that her breasts are large **like towers**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and now my breasts are large” or “and now my breasts are fully grown”
506	8:10	jdgq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	אָ֛ז	1	The word translated as **then** indicates that what follows is a result of what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a result of what came before. Alternate translation: “this is why” or “as a result”
507	8:10	rll2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	הָיִ֥יתִי בְ⁠עֵינָ֖י⁠ו	1	Here, **his eyes** represent his evaluation or estimation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I am, in his judgment” or “he thinks of me” or “I was, in his opinion”
508	8:10	vs14			כְּ⁠מוֹצְאֵ֥ת	1	The word the ULT translates as **finds** could mean: (1) “finds.” If you choose this option you should translate this word in a similar way to the ULT. (2) “brings.” Alternate translation: “like a person who brings”
509	8:10	b5uu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	הָיִ֥יתִי בְ⁠עֵינָ֖י⁠ו כְּ⁠מוֹצְאֵ֥ת שָׁלֽוֹם	1	Here the word **peace** refers to “favor.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “I found favor in his eyes”
510	8:11-12	ewqv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	כֶּ֣רֶם הָיָ֤ה לִ⁠שְׁלֹמֹה֙ בְּ⁠בַ֣עַל הָמ֔וֹן נָתַ֥ן אֶת־הַ⁠כֶּ֖רֶם לַ⁠נֹּטְרִ֑ים אִ֛ישׁ יָבִ֥א בְּ⁠פִרְי֖⁠וֹ אֶ֥לֶף כָּֽסֶף & כָּרְמִ֥⁠י שֶׁ⁠לִּ֖⁠י לְ⁠פָנָ֑⁠י הָ⁠אֶ֤לֶף לְ⁠ךָ֙ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וּ⁠מָאתַ֖יִם לְ⁠נֹטְרִ֥ים אֶת־פִּרְיֽ⁠וֹ	1	Because the author does not say who is speaking, you should not indicate who is speaking in the text. If you are using section headers to indicate who is speaking, the speaker could be: (1) the woman in both 8:11 and 8:12. If you decide that the woman is speaking, you can include both verses under the section heading for 8:10 indicating that. (2) the man in both these verses. If you decide the man is speaking, you can put a section header at the top of 8:11 indicating that.
511	8:11	x2c3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	בְּ⁠בַ֣עַל הָמ֔וֹן	1	**Baal Hamon** is the name of a place. Because the meaning of the name has significance here, you could include a footnote in your translation indicating that the name **Baal Hamon** means “master of wealth, wealthy master, possessor of abundance.”
512	8:11	b1b3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	לַ⁠נֹּטְרִ֑ים	1	Here, **keepers** are farmers who rent land from an owner and farm it. The amount the **keepers** paid **Solomon** to farm his land was **a thousand pieces of silver**. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of farmer, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “people who would pay him so that they could farm it” or “men who would pay him so that they could farm it”
513	8:11	mz3u			נָתַ֥ן אֶת־הַ⁠כֶּ֖רֶם לַ⁠נֹּטְרִ֑ים	1	Alternate translation: “He rented the vineyard to keepers” or “He leased the vineyard to keepers” or “He agreed to let keepers pay him so they could grow grapes in the vineyard”
514	8:11	h77m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	אִ֛ישׁ יָבִ֥א בְּ⁠פִרְי֖⁠וֹ אֶ֥לֶף כָּֽסֶף	1	Here the phrase **its fruit** refers to the fruit of **the vineyard** and the phrase **Each person** refers to each of the **keepers**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “Each keeper brought in exchange for the fruit of the vineyard a thousand pieces of silver” or “Each keeper brought Solomon a thousand pieces of silver as payment for the fruit of the vineyard”
515	8:11	t2dp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney	אֶ֥לֶף כָּֽסֶף	1	Alternate translation: “a thousand silver coins”
516	8:12	za66		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	כָּרְמִ֥⁠י	1	Here the phrase **My vineyard** is a metaphor (see the section on [8:12](../08/12.md) in the chapter intro for the meaning of this entire verse). It could be: (1) the woman referring to herself as a vineyard, as she did in [1:6](../01/06.md). Alternate translation: “I am like a vineyard” or “My body is like a vineyard” (2) the man referring to the woman he loves as if she were his vineyard. Alternate translation: “The woman who I love is like my vineyard” or “The woman who I love is like a vineyard”
517	8:12	gc75		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	לְ⁠פָנָ֑⁠י	1	The phrase **is before me** means “is mine to give.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “is at my disposal” or “is mine to do with as I desire” or “is mine to give to whom I choose”
518	8:12	a9gc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	הָ⁠אֶ֤לֶף לְ⁠ךָ֙ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וּ⁠מָאתַ֖יִם לְ⁠נֹטְרִ֥ים אֶת־פִּרְיֽ⁠וֹ	1	Here the word **thousand** refers to the “thousand pieces of silver” in the previous verse. The phrase **the two hundred** refers to the two hundred pieces of silver that Solomon would have paid to **the people who are keepers** of the vineyards fruit. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “The thousand pieces of silver belong to you, Solomon, and the two hundred pieces of silver belong to the people who you pay to be keepers of the vineyard’s fruit”
519	8:12	m0qa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	הָ⁠אֶ֤לֶף לְ⁠ךָ֙ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה	1	Here the woman could be: (1) speaking as if **Solomon** is present with her even though he is not, in order to use him as an example. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words as if the woman is speaking about Solomon and not to him. Alternate translation: “The thousand belong to Solomon” (2) calling the man she loves **Solomon** (even though he was not Solomon) as a term of endearment, similar to how she called the man she loved “The king” in [1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “The thousand belong to you, the man I love, you who are like king Solomon” or “The thousand belong to you, the man I love, you who I call Solomon”
520	8:13	jpoa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	הַ⁠יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת בַּ⁠גַּנִּ֗ים חֲבֵרִ֛ים מַקְשִׁיבִ֥ים לְ⁠קוֹלֵ֖⁠ךְ הַשְׁמִיעִֽי⁠נִי	1	The author does not say who is speaking in this verse so you should not indicate who you think is speaking in the text. However, if you are using section headers to indicate who is speaking, you can place a header above this section indicating that the man is speaking.
521	8:13	em85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs/gendernotations	חֲבֵרִ֛ים	1	Here the term **companions** is masculine in form in the original language and most likely refers to the man’s friends who were shepherds and were mentioned in [1:7](../01/07.md). See how you translated the term **companions** in [1:7](../01/07.md).
522	8:13	zm5h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	לְ⁠קוֹלֵ֖⁠ךְ	1	Here the word **voice** could: (1) represent the woman’s words. Alternate translation: “to hear you speak” (2) refer to the sound of the woman’s voice. Alternate translation: “to hear your voice”
523	8:14	arq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	בְּרַ֣ח ׀ דּוֹדִ֗⁠י וּֽ⁠דְמֵה־לְ⁠ךָ֤ לִ⁠צְבִי֙ א֚וֹ לְ⁠עֹ֣פֶר הָֽ⁠אַיָּלִ֔ים עַ֖ל הָרֵ֥י בְשָׂמִֽים	1	The author does not say who is speaking in this verse so you should not indicate who you think is speaking in the text. However, if you are using section headers to indicate who is speaking, you can place a header above this section indicating that the woman is speaking.
524	8:14	c6a2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	בְּרַ֣ח	1	Here the word **Flee** means “come quickly.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “Come quickly” or “Hurry”
525	8:14	zh44		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	דּוֹדִ֗⁠י וּֽ⁠דְמֵה־לְ⁠ךָ֤ לִ⁠צְבִי֙ א֚וֹ לְ⁠עֹ֣פֶר הָֽ⁠אַיָּלִ֔ים	1	See how you translated the similar expression “My beloved is resembling a gazelle or a young stag” in [2:9](../02/09.md).
526	8:14	mqx9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	עַ֖ל הָרֵ֥י בְשָׂמִֽים	1	The phrase **the mountains of spices** has a double meaning. The literal meaning refers to mountains where spices grow. Here the woman is speaking of herself as if she is the **mountains of spices** and she wants the man she loves to come to her and enjoy her body. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly.
527	8:14	fo1f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	בְשָׂמִֽים	1