a talent

This may be written in modern weights. AT: "about 33 kilograms" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight)

a precious stone

a rare gemstone such as a diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, or opal

This can be stated in active form. AT: "They placed the crown on David's own head" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive)

Here the author speaks of David when he is actually referring to David's soldiers. AT: "they brought out" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)

valuable things taken from a defeated enemy

"large amounts"