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you did not rescue me
The word "you" is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says "me." Alternate translation: "you did not rescue us" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche)
I put my life in my own hand
This is an idiom which means to risk one's life and to rely only on one's own strength. Jephthah continues to refer to the people of Gilead as himself. Alternate translation: "We risked our lives, relying on our own strength" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche)
Yahweh gave me victory
Jephthah is referring to Yahweh giving the men of Gilead victory over the Ammonites. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave us victory over them" or "Yahweh allowed us to defeat them in battle" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)
Why have you come to fight against me
The word "you" is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says "me." Alternate translation: "Why have you come to fight against us" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche)
passed through against the people of Ammon
This means that they fought against the Ammonites as they passed through Ammon. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: "fought against the people of Ammon as we passed through their region" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)