See in Reader
59 KiB
59 KiB
| 1 | Book | Chapter | Verse | ID | SupportReference | OrigQuote | Occurrence | GLQuote | OccurrenceNote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 2PE | front | intro | mvk9 | 0 | # Introduction to 2 Peter<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of 2 Peter<br><br>1. Introduction (1:1-2)<br>1. Reminder to live good lives because God has enabled us to (1:3-21)<br>1. Warning against false teachers (2:1-22)<br>1. Encouragement to prepare for the second coming of Jesus (3:1-17)<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of 2 Peter?<br><br>The author identified himself as Simon Peter. Simon Peter was an apostle. He also wrote 1 Peter. Peter probably wrote this letter while in a prison in Rome just before he died. Peter called this letter his second letter, so we can date it after 1 Peter. He addressed the letter to the same audience as his first letter. The audience probably was Christians scattered throughout Asia Minor.<br><br>### What is the Book of 2 Peter about?<br><br>Peter wrote this letter to encourage believers to live good lives. He warned them about false teachers who were saying Jesus was taking too long to return. He told them that Jesus was not slow in returning. Instead, God was giving people time to repent so that they would be saved.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “2 Peter” or “Second Peter.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “The Second Letter from Peter” or “The Second Letter Peter Wrote.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Who were the people Peter spoke against?<br><br>It is possible that the people Peter spoke against were those who would become known as Gnostics. These teachers distorted the teachings of scripture for their own gain. They lived in immoral ways and taught others to do the same.<br><br>### What does it mean that God inspired Scripture?<br><br>The doctrine of scripture is a very important one. 2 Peter helps readers to understand that while each writer of scripture had his own distinct way of writing, God is the true author of scripture (1:20-21).<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Singular and plural “you”<br><br>In this book, the word “I” refers to Peter. Also, the word “you” is always plural and refers to Peter’s audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])<br><br>### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 2 Peter?<br><br>For the following verses, some modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULT text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.<br><br>* “to be kept in chains of lower darkness until the judgment” (2:4). Some modern versions and older versions have, “to be kept in pits of lower darkness until the judgment.”<br>* “They enjoy their deceitful actions while they are feasting with you” (2:13). Some versions have, “They enjoy their actions while they are feasting with you in love feasts.”<br>* “Beor” (2:15). Some other versions read, “Bosor.”<br>* “The elements will be burned with fire, and the earth and the deeds in it will be revealed” (3:10). Other versions have, “The elements will be burned with fire, and the earth and the deeds in it will be burned up.”<br><br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) | |||
| 3 | 2PE | 1 | intro | wjw5 | 0 | # 2 Peter 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Peter formally introduces this letter in verses 1-2. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Knowledge of God<br>Having knowledge of God means to belong to him or to have a relationship with him. Here, “knowledge” is more than just mentally knowing about God. It is a knowledge that causes God to save a person and to give him grace and peace. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/know]])<br><br>### Living godly lives<br>Peter teaches that God has given believers all that they need for living godly lives. Therefore, believers should do everything they can to obey God more and more. If believers continue to do this, then they will be effective and productive through their relationship with Jesus. However, if believers do not continue living godly lives, then it is like they have forgotten what God did through Christ to save them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### The truth of Scripture<br>Peter teaches that the prophecies in Scripture were not made up by men. The Holy Spirit revealed God’s message to the men who spoke them or wrote them down. Also, Peter and the other apostles did not make up the stories they told people about Jesus. They witnessed what Jesus did and heard God call Jesus his son. | |||
| 4 | 2PE | 1 | 1 | n1di | 0 | General Information: | Peter identifies himself as the writer and identifies and greets the believers he is writing to. | ||
| 5 | 2PE | 1 | 1 | v381 | δοῦλος καὶ ἀπόστολος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | 1 | a servant and apostle of Jesus Christ | Peter speaks of being a **servant of Jesus Christ**. He also was given the position and authority of being Christ’s **apostle**. | |
| 6 | 2PE | 1 | 1 | yy7j | figs-explicit | τοῖς ἰσότιμον…λαχοῦσιν πίστιν | 1 | to those who have received the same precious faith | That these people have **received** **faith** implies that God has given that faith to them. Alternate translation: “to those to whom God has given the same precious faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 7 | 2PE | 1 | 1 | mbg7 | τοῖς…λαχοῦσιν | 1 | to those who have received | “to you who have received.” Peter addresses all believers who may read this letter. | |
| 8 | 2PE | 1 | 1 | y157 | figs-exclusive | ἡμῖν | 1 | with us | Here the word **us** refers to Peter and the other apostles, but not to those to whom he is writing. Alternate translation: “as we apostles have received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 9 | 2PE | 1 | 2 | y7l9 | figs-explicit | χάρις…καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη | 1 | May grace and peace be multiplied | God is the one who will give **grace** and **peace** to believers. Alternate translation: “May God increase your grace and your peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 10 | 2PE | 1 | 2 | n59n | figs-metaphor | χάρις…καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη | 1 | May grace and peace be multiplied | Peter speaks of **grace and peace** as if they were objects that could increase in size or numbers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 11 | 2PE | 1 | 2 | vq19 | figs-abstractnouns | ἐν ἐπιγνώσει τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν | 1 | in the knowledge of God and of Jesus our Lord | You can translate **knowledge** using a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “through your knowing God and Jesus our Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 12 | 2PE | 1 | 3 | ywj9 | 0 | General Information: | Peter begins to teach the believers about living godly lives. | ||
| 13 | 2PE | 1 | 3 | epx9 | figs-hendiadys | πρὸς ζωὴν καὶ εὐσέβειαν | 1 | for life and godliness | Here, **godliness** describes the word **life**. Alternate translation: “for a godly life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
| 14 | 2PE | 1 | 3 | an3z | figs-exclusive | ἡμᾶς | 1 | us | Here the word **us** refers to Peter and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 15 | 2PE | 1 | 4 | m91m | δι’ ὧν | 1 | through which | Here, **which** refers back to “his glory and excellence” in the previous verse. | |
| 16 | 2PE | 1 | 4 | f42f | γένησθε…κοινωνοὶ | 1 | you might be sharers | “you might share” | |
| 17 | 2PE | 1 | 4 | yk7g | θείας…φύσεως | 1 | of the divine nature | of what God is like | |
| 18 | 2PE | 1 | 4 | p2yj | figs-metaphor | ἀποφυγόντες τῆς ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ φθορᾶς | 1 | having escaped the corruption in the world by lust | Peter speaks of people not suffering from the **corruption** that wicked desires cause as if they had **escaped** from that corruption. Alternate translation: “and so that the wicked desires in this world will no longer corrupt you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 19 | 2PE | 1 | 4 | kjnh | figs-abstractnouns | φθορᾶς | 1 | corruption | The word **corruption** is an abstract noun that can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “things that corrupt you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 20 | 2PE | 1 | 5 | exd9 | figs-explicit | καὶ αὐτὸ τοῦτο | 1 | for this very reason | This refers to what Peter has just said in the previous verses. Alternate translation: “because of what God has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 21 | 2PE | 1 | 7 | a8ti | τὴν φιλαδελφίαν | 1 | brotherly affection | This refers to love for a friend or family member and likely means love for ones spiritual family. | |
| 22 | 2PE | 1 | 8 | jz77 | ταῦτα | 1 | these things | This refers to faith, virtue, knowledge, self-control, endurance, godliness, brotherly affection, and love, which Peter mentioned in the previous verses. | |
| 23 | 2PE | 1 | 8 | l7yj | figs-metaphor | οὐκ ἀργοὺς οὐδὲ ἀκάρπους καθίστησιν | 1 | cause you to be neither barren nor unfruitful | Peter speaks of a person who does not possess these qualities as if he is a field that will not produce a crop. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 24 | 2PE | 1 | 8 | qcav | figs-doublenegatives | οὐκ ἀργοὺς οὐδὲ ἀκάρπους καθίστησιν | 1 | cause you to be neither barren nor unfruitful | This can be stated in positive terms. Alternate translation: “you will produce and be fruitful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 25 | 2PE | 1 | 8 | f9qm | figs-doublet | ἀργοὺς οὐδὲ ἀκάρπους | 1 | barren nor unfruitful | These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this person will be productive and experience the benefits from knowing Jesus. Alternate translation: “unproductive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 26 | 2PE | 1 | 8 | ppd8 | figs-abstractnouns | εἰς τὴν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἐπίγνωσιν | 1 | in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ | You can translate **knowledge** using a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “through your knowing God and Jesus our Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 27 | 2PE | 1 | 9 | gg2c | ᾧ…μὴ πάρεστιν ταῦτα | 1 | he in whom these things are not present | the person who does not have these things | |
| 28 | 2PE | 1 | 9 | h6fn | figs-metaphor | τυφλός ἐστιν μυωπάζων | 1 | is blind, nearsighted | Peter speaks of a person who does not possess these qualities as if he were a **blind** or **nearsighted** person because he does not understand their value. Alternate translation: “is like a shortsighted person who cannot see their importance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 29 | 2PE | 1 | 9 | gq4d | figs-abstractnouns | τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ τῶν πάλαι αὐτοῦ ἁμαρτιῶν | 1 | of the cleansing from his past sins | You can use a verb to translate this. Alternate translation: “that God has cleansed him from his old sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 30 | 2PE | 1 | 10 | raa1 | figs-doublet | βεβαίαν ὑμῶν τὴν κλῆσιν καὶ ἐκλογὴν ποιεῖσθαι | 1 | to make your calling and election sure | The words **calling** and **election** share similar meanings and refer to God’s choosing them to belong to him. Alternate translation: “make sure that God has really chosen you to belong to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 31 | 2PE | 1 | 10 | jcv9 | figs-metaphor | οὐ μὴ πταίσητέ ποτε | 1 | you will not ever stumble | Here the word **stumble** refers either to (1) committing sin. Alternate translation: “you will not practice sinful behavior” or (2) becoming unfaithful to Christ. Alternate translation: “you will not become unfaithful to Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 32 | 2PE | 1 | 11 | f45v | figs-activepassive | πλουσίως ἐπιχορηγηθήσεται ὑμῖν ἡ εἴσοδος εἰς τὴν αἰώνιον βασιλείαν | 1 | will be richly provided to you the entry into the eternal kingdom | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will richly provide for you an entrance into the eternal kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 33 | 2PE | 1 | 11 | k1e4 | ἡ εἴσοδος | 1 | the entry | the opportunity to enter | |
| 34 | 2PE | 1 | 12 | du69 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Peter tells the believers about his obligation to continue reminding them and teaching them. | ||
| 35 | 2PE | 1 | 12 | l2kh | ἐστηριγμένους ἐν τῇ παρούσῃ ἀληθείᾳ | 1 | you are strong in the present truth | “you strongly believe the truth that you now have” | |
| 36 | 2PE | 1 | 13 | vmj2 | figs-metaphor | διεγείρειν ὑμᾶς ἐν ὑπομνήσει | 1 | to stir you up in remembrance | Here the word **stir up** means to awaken someone from sleep. Peter speaks of causing his readers to think about these things as if he were waking them from sleep. Alternate translation: “to remind you of these things so that you will think about them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 37 | 2PE | 1 | 13 | ax2a | figs-metaphor | ἐφ’ ὅσον εἰμὶ ἐν τούτῳ τῷ σκηνώματι | 1 | as long as I am in this tent | Peter speaks of his body as if it were a tent that he is wearing and will take off. Being in his body represents being alive. Alternate translation: “as long as I am in this body” or “as long as I am alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 38 | 2PE | 1 | 14 | j8f5 | figs-metaphor | ταχινή ἐστιν ἡ ἀπόθεσις τοῦ σκηνώματός μου | 1 | the putting off of my tent is imminent | Peter speaks of his body as if it were a tent that he is wearing and will take off. Being in his body represents being alive, and taking it off represents dying. Alternate translation: “I will soon take off this body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 39 | 2PE | 1 | 14 | fpng | figs-euphemism | ταχινή ἐστιν ἡ ἀπόθεσις τοῦ σκηνώματός μου | 1 | the putting off of my tent is imminent | **Putting off** his **tent** is a a nice way to refer to dying. Alternate translation: “I will die soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
| 40 | 2PE | 1 | 15 | c2iw | τούτων | 1 | of these things | Here the words **these things** refers to everything that Peter has said in the previous verses. | |
| 41 | 2PE | 1 | 15 | alg8 | figs-metaphor | μετὰ τὴν ἐμὴν ἔξοδον | 1 | after my departure | Peter speaks of his death as if he were leaving one place to go to another. Alternate translation: “after my death” or “after I die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 42 | 2PE | 1 | 15 | ivw6 | figs-euphemism | μετὰ τὴν ἐμὴν ἔξοδον | 1 | after my departure | Peter uses the word **departure** as a nice way to speak of his death. Alternate translation: “after my death” or “after I die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
| 43 | 2PE | 1 | 16 | k3rm | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Peter continues to explain his teachings to the believers and explains why they are trustworthy. | ||
| 44 | 2PE | 1 | 16 | vc99 | figs-exclusive | οὐ…ἐξακολουθήσαντες | 1 | we have not followed | Here the word **we** refers to Peter and the other apostles, but not to his readers. Alternate translation: “we apostles did not follow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 45 | 2PE | 1 | 16 | jwy8 | figs-hendiadys | τὴν…δύναμιν καὶ παρουσίαν | 1 | the power and coming | These two phrases may refer to the same thing and be translated as a single phrase. Alternate translation: “the powerful coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
| 46 | 2PE | 1 | 16 | zs6v | τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ…παρουσίαν | 1 | coming of our Lord Jesus Christ | Possible meanings are (1) the future second coming of the Lord Jesus or (2) the first coming of the Lord Jesus. | |
| 47 | 2PE | 1 | 16 | v4kd | figs-exclusive | τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | 1 | of our Lord Jesus Christ | Here the word **our** refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 48 | 2PE | 1 | 17 | m33h | figs-activepassive | φωνῆς ἐνεχθείσης αὐτῷ τοιᾶσδε ὑπὸ τῆς Μεγαλοπρεποῦς Δόξης | 1 | when such a voice was brought to him by the Majestic Glory | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when he heard that voice come from the Majestic Glory” or “when he heard the voice of the Majestic Glory speak to him” or “when the Majestic Glory spoke to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 49 | 2PE | 1 | 17 | yd8g | figs-metonymy | τῆς Μεγαλοπρεποῦς Δόξης | 1 | the Majestic Glory | Peter refers to God in terms of his **Glory**. This is a euphemism that avoids using God’s name, out of reverence for him. Alternate translation: “God, the Supreme Glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 50 | 2PE | 1 | 17 | wz1c | figs-euphemism | τῆς Μεγαλοπρεποῦς Δόξης | 1 | the Majestic Glory | Here, **Glory** is a euphemism that avoids using God’s name, out of reverence for him. Alternate translation: “God, the Supreme Glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
| 51 | 2PE | 1 | 18 | ezn2 | figs-exclusive | ταύτην τὴν φωνὴν ἡμεῖς ἠκούσαμεν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐνεχθεῖσαν | 1 | we ourselves heard this voice having been brought from heaven | With the words **we ourselves**, Peter is referring to himself and to the disciples James and John, who heard the voice of God. Alternate translation: “we ourselves heard this voice that came from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 52 | 2PE | 1 | 18 | chy4 | ταύτην τὴν φωνὴν ἡμεῖς ἠκούσαμεν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐνεχθεῖσαν | 1 | we ourselves heard this voice having been brought from heaven | “we ourselves heard the voice of the one who spoke from heaven” | |
| 53 | 2PE | 1 | 18 | mlm9 | σὺν αὐτῷ, ὄντες | 1 | when we were with him | “when we were with Jesus” | |
| 54 | 2PE | 1 | 19 | km3l | 0 | General Information: | Peter begins to warn the believers about false teachers. | ||
| 55 | 2PE | 1 | 19 | h498 | figs-explicit | ἔχομεν βεβαιότερον τὸν προφητικὸν λόγον | 1 | we have this more certain prophetic word | The things that Peter and the other apostles saw, which he described in the previous verses, confirm what the prophets spoke. Alternate translation: “the things that we saw make this prophetic message more sure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 56 | 2PE | 1 | 19 | z3na | figs-exclusive | ἔχομεν | 1 | we have | Here the word **we** refers to all believers, including Peter and his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 57 | 2PE | 1 | 19 | l7zq | figs-explicit | βεβαιότερον τὸν προφητικὸν λόγον | 1 | this more certain prophetic word | This refers to the Old Testament. Alternate translation: “the scriptures, which the prophets spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 58 | 2PE | 1 | 19 | sjd3 | ᾧ καλῶς ποιεῖτε προσέχοντες | 1 | to which you do well to pay attention | Peter instructs the believers to pay close attention to the prophetic message. | |
| 59 | 2PE | 1 | 19 | xt8i | figs-simile | ὡς λύχνῳ φαίνοντι ἐν αὐχμηρῷ τόπῳ, ἕως οὗ ἡμέρα διαυγάσῃ | 1 | as to a lamp shining in a dark place, until the day may dawn | Peter compares the prophetic word to a lamp that gives light in the dark until light comes in the morning. The coming of morning is a reference to Christ’s coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 60 | 2PE | 1 | 19 | kc3l | figs-metaphor | φωσφόρος ἀνατείλῃ ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν | 1 | the morning star may rise in your hearts | Peter speaks of Christ as the **morning star**, which indicates that daybreak and the end of darkness is near. Christ will bring light into the hearts of believers, ending all doubt and bringing full understanding of who he is. Alternate translation: “Christ shines his light into your hearts like the morning star shines its light into the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 61 | 2PE | 1 | 19 | v0ju | figs-metonymy | ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν | 1 | in your hearts | Here, **hearts** is a metonym for people’s minds. Alternate translation: “in your minds” or “to help you understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 62 | 2PE | 1 | 19 | bl8s | φωσφόρος | 1 | the morning star | The **morning star** refers to the planet Venus, which sometimes rises just before the sun and indicates that daybreak is near. | |
| 63 | 2PE | 1 | 20 | wcn9 | τοῦτο πρῶτον γινώσκοντες | 1 | Above all, you must understand | “Most importantly, you must understand” | |
| 64 | 2PE | 1 | 20 | s4k2 | πᾶσα προφητεία Γραφῆς ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως οὐ γίνεται | 1 | every prophecy of scripture does not coms from one’s own interpretation | Possible meanings are (1) the prophets did not make any of their prophecies on their own or (2) people must rely on the Holy Spirit to understand all the prophecies or (3) people must interpret every prophecy with the help of the entire Christian community of believers. | |
| 65 | 2PE | 1 | 21 | mh2s | figs-metaphor | ὑπὸ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου φερόμενοι, ἐλάλησαν ἀπὸ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωποι | 1 | men spoke from God being carried along by the Holy Spirit | Peter speaks of the **Holy Spirit** helping the prophets to write what God wanted them to write as if the Holy Spirit was carrying them from one place to another. Alternate translation: “men spoke from God as the Holy Spirit directed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 66 | 2PE | 2 | intro | mv79 | 0 | # 2 Peter 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Flesh<br><br>“Flesh” is a metaphor for a person’s sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful. “Flesh” represents the human nature that rejects all things godly and desires what is sinful. This is the condition of all humans before they receive the Holy Spirit by believing in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]])<br><br>### Implicit information<br>There are several analogies in 2:4-8 that are difficult to understand if the Old Testament has not yet been translated. Further explanation may be necessary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |||
| 67 | 2PE | 2 | 1 | us8u | 0 | General Information: | Peter begins to warn the believers about false teachers. | ||
| 68 | 2PE | 2 | 1 | l2cg | ἐγένοντο…καὶ ψευδοπροφῆται ἐν τῷ λαῷ, ὡς καὶ ἐν ὑμῖν ἔσονται ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι | 1 | false prophets also came to the people, as false teachers will also come to you | Just as **false prophets** came deceiving Israel with their words, so will false teachers come teaching lies about Christ. | |
| 69 | 2PE | 2 | 1 | tbz8 | αἱρέσεις ἀπωλείας | 1 | destructive heresies | The word **heresies** refers to opinions that are contrary to the teaching of Christ and the apostles. These heresies destroy the faith of those who believe them. | |
| 70 | 2PE | 2 | 1 | g99z | figs-metaphor | τὸν ἀγοράσαντα αὐτοὺς Δεσπότην | 1 | the master who bought them | Peter speaks of Jesus as the owner of people whom he has bought, the price being his death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 71 | 2PE | 2 | 1 | xscu | figs-explicit | τὸν…Δεσπότην | 1 | the master | The word **master** here refers to a person who owns slaves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 72 | 2PE | 2 | 2 | z53e | ταῖς ἀσελγείαις | 1 | sensuality | immoral sexual behavior | |
| 73 | 2PE | 2 | 2 | nzx7 | figs-activepassive | ἡ ὁδὸς τῆς ἀληθείας βλασφημηθήσεται | 1 | the way of truth will be slandered | The phrase **way of truth** refers to the Christian faith as the true path to God. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “unbelievers will blaspheme the way of truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 74 | 2PE | 2 | 3 | dl1k | πλαστοῖς λόγοις ὑμᾶς ἐμπορεύσονται | 1 | they will exploit you with false words | “they will convince you to give them money by telling you lies” | |
| 75 | 2PE | 2 | 3 | k359 | figs-parallelism | οἷς τὸ κρίμα ἔκπαλαι οὐκ ἀργεῖ, καὶ ἡ ἀπώλεια αὐτῶν οὐ νυστάζει | 1 | their condemnation from long ago is not idle, and their destruction does not sleep | The two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how soon the false teachers will be condemned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 76 | 2PE | 2 | 3 | jvh9 | figs-personification | κρίμα…ἀπώλεια | 1 | condemnation…destruction | Peter speaks of **condemnation** and **destruction** as if they are persons who act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 77 | 2PE | 2 | 3 | c57u | figs-abstractnouns | οἷς τὸ κρίμα…οὐκ ἀργεῖ, καὶ ἡ ἀπώλεια αὐτῶν οὐ νυστάζει | 1 | their condemnation has not been idle, and their destruction is not asleep | The abstract nouns “condemnation” and “destruction” can be expressed in verbal form. Alternate translation: “it will not be long until they are condemned, and they will soon be destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 78 | 2PE | 2 | 3 | jetw | figs-doublenegatives | οἷς τὸ κρίμα ἔκπαλαι οὐκ ἀργεῖ, καὶ ἡ ἀπώλεια αὐτῶν οὐ νυστάζει | 1 | whose condemnation from long ago is not idle, and their destruction does not sleep | You can translate these phrases with verbs in positive terms. Alternate translation: “God will soon condemn them; he is ready to destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 79 | 2PE | 2 | 4 | s115 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Peter gives examples of people who acted against God and whom God punished because of what they did. | ||
| 80 | 2PE | 2 | 4 | pr13 | οὐκ ἐφείσατο | 1 | did not spare | “did not refrain from punishing” or “punished” | |
| 81 | 2PE | 2 | 4 | b54v | translate-names | ταρταρώσας | 1 | having been thrown down to Tartarus | The word **Tartarus** is a term from Greek religion that refers to the place where evil spirits and wicked men who have died are punished. Alternate translation: “he cast them into hell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 82 | 2PE | 2 | 4 | h7uj | figs-activepassive | σειροῖς ζόφου…τηρουμένους | 1 | being kept in chains of darkness | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where he will keep them in chains of darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 83 | 2PE | 2 | 4 | uzy2 | figs-metaphor | σειροῖς ζόφου | 1 | in chains of darkness | Possible meanings are (1) “in chains in a very dark place” or (2) “in very deep darkness that imprisons them like chains.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 84 | 2PE | 2 | 4 | c2ak | εἰς κρίσιν | 1 | to judgment | This refers to the day of **judgment** when God will judge every person. | |
| 85 | 2PE | 2 | 5 | hpv7 | figs-metonymy | ἀρχαίου κόσμου οὐκ ἐφείσατο | 1 | he did not spare the ancient world | Here the word **world** refers to the people who lived in it. Alternate translation: “he did not spare the people who lived in the ancient world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 86 | 2PE | 2 | 5 | iw5v | ὄγδοον, Νῶε…ἐφύλαξεν | 1 | he protected Noah…along with seven others | God did not destroy **Noah** and **seven** other people when he destroyed the rest of the people who lived in the ancient world. | |
| 87 | 2PE | 2 | 6 | gp3e | πόλεις Σοδόμων καὶ Γομόρρας τεφρώσας | 1 | having reduced the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to ashes | “after burning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah with fire until only ashes remained” | |
| 88 | 2PE | 2 | 6 | reg3 | καταστροφῇ κατέκρινεν | 1 | condemned them to destruction | Here the word **them** refers to Sodom and Gomorrah and the people who lived in them. | |
| 89 | 2PE | 2 | 6 | hgt7 | ὑπόδειγμα μελλόντων ἀσεβέσιν | 1 | an example of what is going to happen to the ungodly | Sodom and Gomorrah serve as an **example** and a warning of what will happen to others who disobey God. | |
| 90 | 2PE | 2 | 7 | fm1p | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Peter gives an example of Lot, whom God rescued out from among men who deserved punishment. | ||
| 91 | 2PE | 2 | 7 | k79d | τῆς τῶν ἀθέσμων ἐν ἀσελγείᾳ ἀναστροφῆς | 1 | the behavior of the lawless in their sensuality | “the immoral behavior of people who broke God’s law” | |
| 92 | 2PE | 2 | 8 | b1ba | ὁ δίκαιος | 1 | that righteous man | This refers to Lot. | |
| 93 | 2PE | 2 | 8 | hpi4 | figs-synecdoche | ψυχὴν δικαίαν…ἐβασάνιζεν | 1 | was tormenting his righteous soul | Here the word **soul** refers to Lot’s thoughts and emotions. The immoral behavior of the citizens of Sodom and Gomorrah disturbed him emotionally. Alternate translation: “was greatly disturbed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 94 | 2PE | 2 | 10 | skh8 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Peter begins describing the characteristics of unrighteous men. | ||
| 95 | 2PE | 2 | 10 | eb1k | τοὺς ὀπίσω σαρκὸς ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ μιασμοῦ πορευομένους | 1 | those who go after the flesh in its lusts of defilement | Here the **flesh** and **lusts** refer to the desires of the sinful nature. Alternate translation: “those who continue to indulge their corrupt, sinful desires” | |
| 96 | 2PE | 2 | 10 | axr4 | κυριότητος καταφρονοῦντας | 1 | despising authority | “refusing to submit to God’s authority.” Here the word **authority** probably refers to God’s authority. | |
| 97 | 2PE | 2 | 10 | n7n8 | figs-metonymy | κυριότητος | 1 | authority | Here, **authority** stands for God, who has the right to give commands and to punish disobedience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 98 | 2PE | 2 | 10 | esb2 | αὐθάδεις | 1 | self-willed | “doing whatever they want to do” | |
| 99 | 2PE | 2 | 10 | s7l1 | δόξας | 1 | the glorious ones | This phrase refers to spiritual beings, such as angels or demons. | |
| 100 | 2PE | 2 | 11 | u2jk | ἰσχύϊ καὶ δυνάμει μείζονες | 1 | greater strength and power | “more strength and power than the false teachers” | |
| 101 | 2PE | 2 | 11 | v1qt | οὐ φέρουσιν κατ’ αὐτῶν…βλάσφημον κρίσιν | 1 | do not bring insulting judgments against them | Possible meanings for the word **them** are (1) the glorious ones or (2) the false teachers. | |
| 102 | 2PE | 2 | 11 | zi6p | figs-metaphor | οὐ φέρουσιν κατ’ αὐτῶν…βλάσφημον κρίσιν | 1 | do not bring insulting judgments against them | The idea that angels could accuse them is spoken of as if they could attack them using accusations as weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 103 | 2PE | 2 | 12 | y4bl | figs-metaphor | οὗτοι…ὡς ἄλογα ζῷα, γεγεννημένα φυσικὰ εἰς ἅλωσιν καὶ φθοράν | 1 | these unreasoning animals are naturally made for capture and destruction. | Just as **animals** cannot reason, these men cannot be reasoned with. Alternate translation: “these false teachers are like unreasoning animals who are made to be captured and destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 104 | 2PE | 2 | 12 | ipd4 | ἐν οἷς ἀγνοοῦσιν βλασφημοῦντες | 1 | speaking evil about that in which they are ignorant | They speak evil of what they do not know or understand. | |
| 105 | 2PE | 2 | 12 | jw8d | figs-activepassive | καὶ φθαρήσονται | 1 | They will also be destroyed | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will also destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 106 | 2PE | 2 | 13 | p7g7 | figs-irony | ἀδικούμενοι μισθὸν ἀδικίας | 1 | suffering harm as the wages of their wrongdoing | Peter speaks of the punishment that the false teachers will receive as if it were a wage they had earned. Alternate translation: “receiving what they deserve for their wrongdoing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) |
| 107 | 2PE | 2 | 13 | e62s | τὴν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τρυφήν | 1 | their reveling during the day | Here the word ** reveling** refers to immoral activity that includes gluttony, drunkenness, and sexual activity. Doing these things **during the day** indicates that these people are not ashamed of this behavior. | |
| 108 | 2PE | 2 | 13 | u1rc | figs-metaphor | σπίλοι καὶ μῶμοι | 1 | They are stains and blemishes | Peter speaks of the false teachers as if they were **stains** or **blemishes** on a garment that cause shame for those who wear it. Alternate translation: “They are like stains and blemishes on clothes, which cause disgrace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 109 | 2PE | 2 | 13 | pwd5 | figs-doublet | σπίλοι καὶ μῶμοι | 1 | They are stains and blemishes | The word **stains** and **blemishes** share similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 110 | 2PE | 2 | 14 | v7t4 | figs-metonymy | ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχοντες μεστοὺς μοιχαλίδος | 1 | having eyes full of adultery | Here the **eyes** represent their desires and **eyes full** means they constantly want something. Alternate translation: “constantly wanting to commit more adultery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 111 | 2PE | 2 | 14 | a22r | ἀκαταπαύστους ἁμαρτίας | 1 | never ceasing from sin | Although they sin in order to satisfy their lusts, the sin that they commit never satisfies. | |
| 112 | 2PE | 2 | 14 | wt89 | figs-synecdoche | δελεάζοντες ψυχὰς ἀστηρίκτους | 1 | enticing unstable souls | Here the word **souls** refers to persons. Alternate translation: “enticing unstable people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 113 | 2PE | 2 | 14 | c55u | figs-metonymy | καρδίαν γεγυμνασμένην πλεονεξίας | 1 | hearts trained in covetousness | Here the word **hearts** refers to the thoughts and emotions of the person. Because of their habitual actions, they have **trained** themselves to think and act out of **covetousness**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 114 | 2PE | 2 | 15 | et62 | καταλειπόντες εὐθεῖαν ὁδὸν, ἐπλανήθησαν ἐξακολουθήσαντες | 1 | abandoning the right way, led astray, having followed | “abandoning the right way, these false teachers have gone astray to follow.” The false teachers have refused to be obedient to God because they have rejected what is right. | |
| 115 | 2PE | 2 | 15 | ky5q | figs-metaphor | εὐθεῖαν ὁδὸν | 1 | the right way | **Right** behavior that honors God is spoken of as if it were a path to follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 116 | 2PE | 2 | 16 | z37w | figs-abstractnouns | ἔλεγξιν…ἔσχεν | 1 | he had a rebuke | You can express the abstract noun **rebuke** as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “he was rebuked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 117 | 2PE | 2 | 16 | gsm7 | figs-explicit | ἔλεγξιν…ἔσχεν | 1 | he had a rebuke | You can specify that it was God who rebuked Balaam. Alternate translation: “God rebuked him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 118 | 2PE | 2 | 16 | g9dr | ὑποζύγιον ἄφωνον ἐν ἀνθρώπου φωνῇ φθεγξάμενον | 1 | a mute donkey speaking in a human voice | A **donkey**, which is naturally unable to speak, spoke with a **voice** like a **human**. | |
| 119 | 2PE | 2 | 16 | tf38 | figs-metonymy | ἐκώλυσεν τὴν τοῦ προφήτου παραφρονίαν | 1 | restrained the madness of the prophet | God used a donkey to stop the foolish action of the **prophet**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 120 | 2PE | 2 | 17 | t137 | figs-metaphor | οὗτοί εἰσιν πηγαὶ ἄνυδροι | 1 | These men are springs without water | **Springs** flowing with water promise refreshment for thirsty people, but **springs without water** will leave the thirsty disappointed. In the same way, false teachers, although they promise many things, are unable to do what they promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 121 | 2PE | 2 | 17 | hzu1 | figs-metaphor | ὁμίχλαι ὑπὸ λαίλαπος ἐλαυνόμεναι | 1 | mists driven by a storm | When people see storm clouds, they expect rain to fall. When the winds from the **storm** blow the clouds away before the rain can fall, the people are disappointed. In the same way, false teachers, although they promise many things, are unable to do what they promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 122 | 2PE | 2 | 17 | xe3y | figs-activepassive | οἷς ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους τετήρηται | 1 | for whom the gloom of darkness has been reserved | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and so God has reserved the gloom of thick darkness for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 123 | 2PE | 2 | 18 | cxt8 | ὑπέρογκα…ματαιότητος φθεγγόμενοι | 1 | speaking arrogant things of vanity | They use impressive but meaningless words. | |
| 124 | 2PE | 2 | 18 | f8tg | δελεάζουσιν ἐν ἐπιθυμίαις σαρκὸς ἀσελγείαις | 1 | They entice people by the lusts of the flesh | They appeal to the sinful nature to engage people in immoral and sinful actions. | |
| 125 | 2PE | 2 | 18 | nks3 | figs-explicit | τοὺς ὀλίγως ἀποφεύγοντας τοὺς ἐν πλάνῃ ἀναστρεφομένους | 1 | those who are barely escaping from those who live in error | This phrase refers to people who recently became believers. The phrase **those who live in error** refers to unbelievers who still live in sin. Alternate translation: “people who try to live rightly, instead of living sinfully as they used to and as other people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 126 | 2PE | 2 | 18 | jec8 | figs-metaphor | τοὺς ὀλίγως ἀποφεύγοντας | 1 | those who are barely escaping from | Peter speaks of people who live sinfully as if they are slaves to sin who need to be released from their captivity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 127 | 2PE | 2 | 19 | uyw6 | figs-metaphor | ἐλευθερίαν αὐτοῖς ἐπαγγελλόμενοι, αὐτοὶ δοῦλοι ὑπάρχοντες τῆς φθορᾶς | 1 | promising freedom to them, while they themselves are slaves of corruption | Here, **freedom** is a metaphor for the ability to live exactly as one wants. Alternate translation: **promising to give them the ability to live exactly as they want to live, but they themselves cannot escape their own sinful desires** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 128 | 2PE | 2 | 19 | v5tt | figs-metaphor | ἐλευθερίαν…ἐπαγγελλόμενοι…δοῦλοι…τῆς φθορᾶς | 1 | promising freedom…slaves of corruption | Peter speaks of people who live sinfully as if they are slaves to sin who need to be released from their captivity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 129 | 2PE | 2 | 19 | b79v | figs-metaphor | ᾧ γάρ τις ἥττηται, τούτῳ δεδούλωται | 1 | For by what someone has been overcome, by this he has been enslaved | Peter speaks of a person as a slave when anything has control over that person, and that thing as the master of that person. Alternate translation: “For if something has control over a person, that person becomes like a slave to that thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 130 | 2PE | 2 | 20 | d6ra | 0 | Connecting Statement: | The words **they** and **them** refer to the false teachers Peter speaks of in verses 12-19. | ||
| 131 | 2PE | 2 | 20 | q96i | grammar-connect-condition-fact | εἰ…ἀποφυγόντες τὰ μιάσματα τοῦ κόσμου, ἐν ἐπιγνώσει τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ Σωτῆρος, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, τούτοις δὲ πάλιν ἐμπλακέντες ἡττῶνται, γέγονεν αὐτοῖς τὰ ἔσχατα χείρονα τῶν πρώτων | 1 | if they have escaped the impurities of the world through the knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, but having become entangled again, overcome by them, the last has become worse for them than the first | This sentence is a description of a conditional statement that is true. The false teachers had at one time **escaped**, but if they are again **entangled** and **overcome**, so their **last** state has become **worse** than their **first** state. This can be stated as a fact. Alternate translation: “they have escaped the impurities of the world through the knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, but having become entangled and overcome by them again, so that the last has become worse for them than the first” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]]) |
| 132 | 2PE | 2 | 20 | lu22 | figs-metonymy | τὰ μιάσματα τοῦ κόσμου | 1 | the impurities of the world | The word **impurities** refers to sinful behavior that makes one morally impure. The **world** refers to human society. Alternate translation: “the defiling practices of sinful human society” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 133 | 2PE | 2 | 20 | bi73 | figs-abstractnouns | ἐν ἐπιγνώσει τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ Σωτῆρος, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | 1 | through the knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ | You can translate **knowledge** using a verbal phrase. See how you translated similar phrases in [2 Peter 1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “by knowing our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 134 | 2PE | 2 | 20 | d42g | γέγονεν αὐτοῖς τὰ ἔσχατα χείρονα τῶν πρώτων | 1 | the last has become worse for them than the first | “their condition is worse than it was before” | |
| 135 | 2PE | 2 | 21 | pm7b | figs-metaphor | τὴν ὁδὸν τῆς δικαιοσύνης | 1 | the way of righteousness | Peter speaks of life as a **way** or path. This phrase refers to living a life that is according to God’s will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 136 | 2PE | 2 | 21 | ic3c | figs-metaphor | ὑποστρέψαι ἐκ τῆς…ἁγίας ἐντολῆς | 1 | to turn away from the holy commandment | Here, **to turn away from** is a metaphor that means to stop doing something. Alternate translation: “to stop obeying the holy commandment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 137 | 2PE | 2 | 21 | blr5 | figs-activepassive | τῆς παραδοθείσης αὐτοῖς ἁγίας ἐντολῆς | 1 | the holy commandment delivered to them | This can be stated in active terms. Alternate translation: “the holy commandment that God delivered to them” or “the holy commandment that God made sure that they received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 138 | 2PE | 2 | 22 | hqr3 | συμβέβηκεν αὐτοῖς τὸ τῆς ἀληθοῦς παροιμίας | 1 | This has happened to them according to the true proverb | “What the true proverb says has happened to them” or “This proverb describes what happened to them” | |
| 139 | 2PE | 2 | 22 | h42r | writing-proverbs | κύων ἐπιστρέψας ἐπὶ τὸ ἴδιον ἐξέραμα, καί, ὗς λουσαμένη, εἰς κυλισμὸν βορβόρου | 1 | A dog returns to its own vomit, and a washed pig to wallowing in the mud | Peter uses two proverbs to illustrate how the false teachers, although they have known “the way of righteousness,” have turned back to the things that make them morally and spiritually impure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) |
| 140 | 2PE | 3 | intro | c1id | 0 | # 2 Peter 03 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Fire<br>People often use fire to destroy things or to make something pure by burning off the dirt and worthless parts. Therefore when God punishes the wicked or purifies his people, it is often associated with fire. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fire]])<br><br>### Day of the Lord<br>The exact time of the coming day of the Lord will come as a surprise to people. This is what the simile “like a thief in the night” means. Because of this, Christians are to be prepared for the coming of the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |||
| 141 | 2PE | 3 | 1 | n92f | 0 | General Information: | Peter begins to talk about the last days. | ||
| 142 | 2PE | 3 | 1 | gc3m | figs-metaphor | διεγείρω ὑμῶν…τὴν εἰλικρινῆ διάνοιαν | 1 | I am stirring up your sincere mind | Peter speaks of causing his readers to think about these things as if he were waking them from sleep. Alternate translation: “I am causing you to think pure thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 143 | 2PE | 3 | 2 | gxj7 | figs-activepassive | τῶν προειρημένων ῥημάτων, ὑπὸ τῶν ἁγίων προφητῶν | 1 | the words spoken beforehand by the holy prophets | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the words that the holy prophets spoke in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 144 | 2PE | 3 | 2 | yhi7 | figs-activepassive | τῆς τῶν ἀποστόλων ὑμῶν ἐντολῆς τοῦ Κυρίου καὶ Σωτῆρος | 1 | the command of the Lord and Savior through your apostles | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the command of our Lord and Savior, which your apostles gave to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 145 | 2PE | 3 | 3 | lm1a | τοῦτο πρῶτον γινώσκοντες | 1 | knowing this first | “knowing this as the most important thing.” See how you translated this in [2 Peter 1:20](../01/20.md). | |
| 146 | 2PE | 3 | 3 | znh2 | figs-explicit | κατὰ τὰς ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας αὐτῶν πορευόμενοι | 1 | behaving according to their own lusts | Here the word **lusts** refers to sinful desires that are opposed to God’s will. Alternate translation: “living according to their own sinful desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 147 | 2PE | 3 | 4 | zrj7 | figs-metonymy | ποῦ ἐστιν ἡ ἐπαγγελία τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ | 1 | Where is the promise of his coming? | The word **promise** refers to the fulfillment of the promise that Jesus will return. Alternate translation: “Why should we believe that Jesus is going to return?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 148 | 2PE | 3 | 4 | hgdm | figs-rquestion | ποῦ ἐστιν ἡ ἐπαγγελία τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ? | 1 | Where is the promise of his coming? | The mockers ask this rhetorical question to emphasize that they do not believe that Jesus will return. Alternate translation: “The promise that Jesus would return is not true! He will not return!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 149 | 2PE | 3 | 4 | t6hl | figs-euphemism | οἱ πατέρες ἐκοιμήθησαν | 1 | the fathers fell asleep | Here, **fathers** refers to ancestors who lived long ago. Falling asleep is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “our ancestors died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
| 150 | 2PE | 3 | 4 | c2en | figs-hyperbole | πάντα οὕτως διαμένει ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς κτίσεως | 1 | all things continue in the same way from the beginning of creation | The mockers exaggerate with the word **all**, and they argue that since nothing in the world has ever changed, it cannot be true that Jesus will return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 151 | 2PE | 3 | 4 | yue7 | figs-abstractnouns | ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς κτίσεως | 1 | from the beginning of creation | This can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “since God created the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 152 | 2PE | 3 | 5 | mku9 | figs-activepassive | οὐρανοὶ ἦσαν ἔκπαλαι, καὶ γῆ…συνεστῶσα τῷ τοῦ Θεοῦ λόγῳ | 1 | the heavens existed long ago, and the earth had been formed…by the word of God | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God long ago established the heavens and the earth…by his word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 153 | 2PE | 3 | 5 | s77f | ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ δι’ ὕδατος συνεστῶσα | 1 | had been formed from water and through water | This means that God caused the land to come up out of the **water**, gathering the bodies of water together to make the land appear. | |
| 154 | 2PE | 3 | 6 | jh4r | δι’ ὧν | 1 | through which | Here this phrase refers to God’s word and water. | |
| 155 | 2PE | 3 | 6 | nyb7 | figs-activepassive | ὁ τότε κόσμος ὕδατι κατακλυσθεὶς ἀπώλετο | 1 | the world at that time perished, having been flooded by water | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God flooded the world that existed at that time with water and destroyed it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 156 | 2PE | 3 | 7 | b2in | figs-activepassive | οἱ…νῦν οὐρανοὶ καὶ ἡ γῆ, τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ τεθησαυρισμένοι εἰσὶν, πυρὶ | 1 | the present heavens and the earth exist, having been reserved for fire by the same word | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God, by that same word, has reserved the present heavens and the earth for fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 157 | 2PE | 3 | 7 | e673 | τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ | 1 | by the same word | Here, **word** stands for God, who will speak the word: AT “by God, who commands it” | |
| 158 | 2PE | 3 | 7 | jl5d | figs-activepassive | τηρούμενοι εἰς ἡμέραν κρίσεως | 1 | being kept for the day of judgment | This can be stated in active form and can begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “he is reserving them for the day of judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 159 | 2PE | 3 | 7 | y3gg | figs-abstractnouns | εἰς ἡμέραν κρίσεως καὶ ἀπωλείας τῶν ἀσεβῶν ἀνθρώπων | 1 | for the day of judgment and the destruction of the ungodly men | Here, **judgment** and **destruction** can be stated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “for the day when he judges and destroys ungodly people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 160 | 2PE | 3 | 8 | s5cy | ἓν…τοῦτο μὴ λανθανέτω ὑμᾶς | 1 | let this one thing not escape your notice | “do not fail to understand this one fact” or “do not ignore this one thing” | |
| 161 | 2PE | 3 | 8 | enh9 | ὅτι μία ἡμέρα παρὰ Κυρίῳ ὡς χίλια ἔτη | 1 | that one day with the Lord is like a thousand years | “that from the Lord’s point of view, one day is like a thousand years” | |
| 162 | 2PE | 3 | 9 | zv9m | οὐ βραδύνει Κύριος τῆς ἐπαγγελίας | 1 | The Lord is not slow concerning his promises | “The Lord does not move slowly to fulfill his promises” | |
| 163 | 2PE | 3 | 9 | dzq8 | ὥς τινες βραδύτητα ἡγοῦνται | 1 | as some consider slowness | Some people think that the Lord is slow to fulfill his promises because their perspective of time is different than God’s. | |
| 164 | 2PE | 3 | 10 | w6ma | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | δὲ | 1 | But | The connecting word **but** indicates a contrast between what the mockers believe bout God and what God will really do. Although the Lord is being patient and wants people to repent, he will indeed return and bring judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
| 165 | 2PE | 3 | 10 | c5m1 | figs-simile | ἥξει…ἡμέρα Κυρίου ὡς κλέπτης | 1 | the day of the Lord will come as a thief | Peter speaks of the **day** when God will judge everyone as if it were a **thief** who will unexpectedly and take people by surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 166 | 2PE | 3 | 10 | fu2q | figs-personification | ἥξει…ἡμέρα Κυρίου ὡς κλέπτης | 1 | the day of the Lord will come as a thief | Peter speaks of the **day** as if it were a person who is a **thief**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 167 | 2PE | 3 | 10 | k31z | οἱ οὐρανοὶ…παρελεύσονται | 1 | the heavens will pass away | “the heavens will disappear” | |
| 168 | 2PE | 3 | 10 | z32k | figs-activepassive | στοιχεῖα…καυσούμενα λυθήσεται | 1 | the elements will be dissolved, being burned up | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will burn the elements with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 169 | 2PE | 3 | 10 | zgd3 | στοιχεῖα | 1 | the elements | Possible meanings are (1) the heavenly bodies, such as the sun, moon, and stars or (2) the things that make up heaven and earth, such as soil, air, fire, and water. | |
| 170 | 2PE | 3 | 10 | j1gj | figs-activepassive | γῆ καὶ τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ ἔργα εὑρεθήσεται | 1 | the earth and the deeds in it will be revealed | God will see all the **earth** and all the **deeds** of everyone, and he will then judge everything. This can be stated in active terms. Alternate translation: “God will expose the earth and everything that people have done on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 171 | 2PE | 3 | 11 | buq4 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Peter begins to tell the believers how they should live as they wait for the day of the Lord. | ||
| 172 | 2PE | 3 | 11 | nq63 | figs-activepassive | τούτων οὕτως πάντων λυομένων | 1 | All of these things being thus dissolved | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Since God will destroy all these things in this way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 173 | 2PE | 3 | 11 | t8wx | figs-rquestion | ποταποὺς δεῖ ὑπάρχειν ὑμᾶς? | 1 | what sort of people is it necessary for you to be? | Peter uses this rhetorical question to emphasize what he will say next, that they “should live holy and godly lives.” Alternate translation: “you know what kind of people you should be.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 174 | 2PE | 3 | 12 | rq9g | figs-activepassive | οὐρανοὶ πυρούμενοι, λυθήσονται, καὶ στοιχεῖα καυσούμενα, τήκεται | 1 | the heavens, being set on fire, will be destroyed, and the elements, being on fire, will be melted | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will destroy the heavens by fire, and he will melt the elements in great heat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 175 | 2PE | 3 | 12 | v15i | στοιχεῖα | 1 | the elements | Possible meanings are (1) the heavenly bodies, such as the sun, moon, and stars or (2) the things that make up heaven and earth, such as soil, air, fire, and water. See how you translated this in [2 Peter 3:10](../03/10.md). | |
| 176 | 2PE | 3 | 13 | df3v | figs-metonymy | ἐν οἷς δικαιοσύνη κατοικεῖ | 1 | in which righteousness dwells | This is a metonym for people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “where righteous people will dwell” or “where people will live righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 177 | 2PE | 3 | 13 | r5qo | figs-personification | ἐν οἷς δικαιοσύνη κατοικεῖ | 1 | in which righteousness dwells | Peter speaks of **righteousness** as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 178 | 2PE | 3 | 14 | fj1l | figs-activepassive | σπουδάσατε ἄσπιλοι καὶ ἀμώμητοι αὐτῷ εὑρεθῆναι ἐν εἰρήνῃ | 1 | do your best to be found spotless and blameless before him, in peace | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “do your best to live in a way so that God will find you spotless and blameless, and be at peace with him and each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 179 | 2PE | 3 | 14 | s141 | figs-doublet | ἄσπιλοι καὶ ἀμώμητοι | 1 | spotless and blameless | The words **spotless** and **blameless** mean basically the same thing and emphasize moral purity. Alternate translation: “completely pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 180 | 2PE | 3 | 14 | byr8 | figs-metaphor | ἄσπιλοι | 1 | spotless | Here this stands for **faultless**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 181 | 2PE | 3 | 15 | g35u | figs-explicit | τὴν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν μακροθυμίαν, σωτηρίαν ἡγεῖσθε | 1 | consider the patience of our Lord as salvation | Because the Lord is patient, the day of judgment has not yet happened. This gives people an opportunity to repent and be saved, as he explained in [2 Peter 3:9](../03/09.md). Alternate translation: “think about the patience of our Lord as giving you an opportunity to repent and be saved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 182 | 2PE | 3 | 15 | nnd7 | figs-activepassive | κατὰ τὴν δοθεῖσαν αὐτῷ σοφίαν | 1 | according to the wisdom having been given to him | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “according to the wisdom that God gave to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 183 | 2PE | 3 | 16 | wil1 | ἐν πάσαις ταῖς ἐπιστολαῖς, λαλῶν ἐν αὐταῖς περὶ τούτων | 1 | in all his letters, speaking in them about these things | “Paul speaks of the patience of God leading to salvation in all his letters” | |
| 184 | 2PE | 3 | 16 | z4cj | ἐν αἷς ἐστιν δυσνόητά τινα | 1 | in which are some difficult to understand things | There are things in Paul’s letters that are difficult to understand. | |
| 185 | 2PE | 3 | 16 | dt6r | ἃ οἱ ἀμαθεῖς καὶ ἀστήρικτοι στρεβλοῦσιν | 1 | which the ignorant and unstable distort | **Ignorant and unstable** men misinterpret the things that are difficult to understand in Paul’s letters. | |
| 186 | 2PE | 3 | 16 | giz1 | οἱ ἀμαθεῖς καὶ ἀστήρικτοι | 1 | the ignorant and unstable | “the unlearned and unsteady.” These men have not been taught how to properly interpret scripture and are not well established in the truth of the gospel. | |
| 187 | 2PE | 3 | 16 | sh4j | πρὸς τὴν ἰδίαν αὐτῶν ἀπώλειαν | 1 | to their own destruction | “resulting in their own destruction” | |
| 188 | 2PE | 3 | 17 | kn3d | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Peter finishes instructing the believers and ends his letter. | ||
| 189 | 2PE | 3 | 17 | z54q | φυλάσσεσθε | 1 | guard yourselves | “protect yourselves” | |
| 190 | 2PE | 3 | 17 | h2ik | figs-metaphor | ἵνα μὴ τῇ τῶν ἀθέσμων πλάνῃ συναπαχθέντες, ἐκπέσητε | 1 | so that, being led astray by the deceit of the lawless, you might not lose | Here, **led astray** is a metaphor for being persuaded to do something wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 191 | 2PE | 3 | 17 | xjht | figs-activepassive | ἵνα μὴ τῇ τῶν ἀθέσμων πλάνῃ συναπαχθέντες, ἐκπέσητε | 1 | so that, being led astray by the deceit of the lawless, you might not lose | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that lawless people do not deceive you and cause you do something wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 192 | 2PE | 3 | 17 | w3sp | figs-metaphor | μὴ…ἐκπέσητε τοῦ ἰδίου στηριγμοῦ | 1 | you might not lose your own steadfastness | **Steadfastness** is spoken of as if it were a possession that believers could **lose**. Alternate translation: “you will not stop being faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 193 | 2PE | 3 | 18 | lk3c | figs-abstractnouns | αὐξάνετε…ἐν χάριτι | 1 | grow in the grace | The abstract noun **grace** can be expressed with the phrase “act kindly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 194 | 2PE | 3 | 18 | ccm3 | figs-metaphor | αὐξάνετε…ἐν χάριτι, καὶ γνώσει τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ Σωτῆρος, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | 1 | grow in grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ | Here growing in the **grace and knowledge** of the **Lord** represents experiencing his grace more and knowing him more. Alternate translation: “receive more of the grace of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, and know him more” or “be more aware of how our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ acts kindly toward you, and know him better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |