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the chosen ones ... according to the foreknowledge of God the Father
"the ones whom God the Father has chosen ... according to his own foreknowledge." God has chosen them according to his own foreknowledge.
the foreknowledge of God the Father
The abstract noun "foreknowledge" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Possible meanings are 1) God had determined what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: "what God the Father decided previously" or 2) God knew what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: "what God the Father knew beforehand" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)
for the sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ
Here "the blood" refers to the death of Jesus. Just as Moses sprinkled blood on the people of Israel to symbolize their covenant with God, believers are in covenant with God because of Jesus' death. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
May grace be to you, and may your peace increase
This passage speaks of grace as if it were an object that believers could possess, and of peace as if it were something that could increase in amount. Of course, grace is in reality the kind way God acts toward believers, and peace is how believers live in safety and joy with God. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)