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| 1 | Book | Chapter | Verse | ID | SupportReference | OrigQuote | Occurrence | GLQuote | OccurrenceNote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | PRO | front | intro | spe4 | 0 | # Introduction to Proverbs<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Proverbs<br><br>1. Solomon introduces his proverbs (1:1–7)<br>1. Collection of teachings (1:8–9:18)<br>1. Proverbs of Solomon (10:1–22:16)<br>1. Words of wise men (22:17–24:22)<br>1. More words of wise men (24:23–34)<br>1. More proverbs of Solomon (25:1–29:27)<br>1. The words of Agur (30:1–33)<br>1. The words of Lemuel (31:1–9)<br>1. A good wife praised (31:10–31)<br><br>### What is the book of Proverbs about?<br><br>A proverb is a short statement that expresses some wisdom or truth. Most societies have their own proverbs. People that speak a given language can readily understand proverbs in that language.<br><br>The Book of Proverbs is a collection of proverbs. It also includes teachings about how to live wisely. Scholars refer to Proverbs, Psalms, Job, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Songs as wisdom literature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The title of this book is often translated as “Proverbs.” A more general translation would be “Words for Wise People,” “Words that Give Wisdom,” or something similar.<br><br>### Who wrote the book of Proverbs?<br><br>Proverbs begins with the words, “The Proverbs of Solomon, son of David and King of Israel.” But Solomon did not write all of the proverbs. Unnamed wise men may have written some of them. Agur the son of Jakeh (30:1) and King Lemuel (31:1) identify themselves as writing some of the proverbs.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What is meant by “wisdom” and “foolishness” in the Book of Proverbs?<br><br>“Wisdom” means the understanding and doing of what is true and morally right. A wise person understands and does what Yahweh would judge to be right. Anyone living in this way will also learn to live well with other people and to make good practical decisions in life. The book of Proverbs also acknowledges that it is important to maintain one’s honor or reputation in the opinion of other people. Those who fail to live in this way are called “foolish.” For this reason, it is possible for a person to be very intelligent and still be foolish. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What form do the individual proverbs have?<br><br>Most proverbs have two parts or two lines that are “parallel” to each other. The second part may strengthen the first, may give more details about the first, or may even say what seems the opposite of the first. Translators should take into account that each proverb is also part of a larger group of proverbs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])<br><br>### How should personification be represented in translation?<br><br>In Proverbs, certain qualities such as wisdom and understanding are often represented as if they were wise women, as in [Proverbs 3:15-18](../03/15.md), [Proverbs 4:6-9](../04/06.md), and elsewhere. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent these qualities, the translator should translate in this way. However, in many languages this kind of direct translation is not possible. In such a case, the translator may be able to translate these personifications as similes instead. This means they would present wisdom or understanding as being like a wise woman whom people should obey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])<br> | |||
| 3 | PRO | 1 | intro | y4et | 0 | # Proverbs 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The first chapter of proverbs begins with a type of introduction in verses 1-7. It mentions Solomon, son of David. Verse 7 contains a foundational verse for the whole book. It defines wisdom.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Parallelism<br><br>Proverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])<br> | |||
| 4 | PRO | 1 | 1 | q6pn | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Verses 2-33 are poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) | |
| 5 | PRO | 1 | 2 | iaq1 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | to teach wisdom and instruction | This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns “wisdom” and “instruction” can be stated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “to teach you how to be wise and to instruct you about how to live moral lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 6 | PRO | 1 | 2 | rs3p | 0 | to teach words of insight | “to help you understand wise teachings” | ||
| 7 | PRO | 1 | 3 | ew1z | figs-you | 0 | that you may receive | Here “you” refers to the readers. If it is more natural in your language you can state it as an inclusive “we.” Alternate translation: “that we may receive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) | |
| 8 | PRO | 1 | 3 | aun5 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | may receive instruction in order to live | This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “instruction” is stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “may be instructed how to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 9 | PRO | 1 | 4 | be4c | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | are also to give wisdom to the naive | This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “wisdom” can be stated as the adjective “wise.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “also teach to those who are naive how to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 10 | PRO | 1 | 4 | j62d | 0 | naive | inexperienced or immature | ||
| 11 | PRO | 1 | 4 | p2ca | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | to give knowledge and discretion to young people | The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “discretion” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and to teach to young people what they need to know and how to discern the right thing to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 12 | PRO | 1 | 4 | wxv5 | 0 | discretion | knowing what should be done in a particular situation | ||
| 13 | PRO | 1 | 5 | lrm2 | 0 | Let wise people listen and increase their learning | “Let those who are wise pay attention and learn even more” | ||
| 14 | PRO | 1 | 5 | r7sn | 0 | let discerning people get guidance | “let people who have understanding learn from these proverbs how to make good decisions” | ||
| 15 | PRO | 1 | 6 | rcl9 | 0 | riddles | sayings that one can understand only after thinking about them | ||
| 16 | PRO | 1 | 7 | r9nd | 0 | General Information: | A father teaches his child. | ||
| 17 | PRO | 1 | 7 | ga71 | 0 | Yahweh | This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. | ||
| 18 | PRO | 1 | 7 | l9za | 0 | fools despise wisdom and instruction | “those who do not value what is wise and instructive are fools” | ||
| 19 | PRO | 1 | 8 | p2x9 | figs-idiom | 0 | do not lay aside | This is an idiom that means “do not ignore” or “do not reject” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 20 | PRO | 1 | 9 | qxp8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | they will be a graceful wreath for your head and pendants hanging from your neck | The rules and instructions that parents teach their children are so valuable and important that they are spoken of as if they were a beautiful wreath or pendant that a person wears. Alternate translation: “they will make you wise just as wearing a wreath on your head or a pendant around your neck makes you beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 21 | PRO | 1 | 9 | h55y | 0 | wreath | an woven circle made of leaves or flowers | ||
| 22 | PRO | 1 | 9 | l3ql | 0 | pendants | jewelry that is worn around the neck | ||
| 23 | PRO | 1 | 10 | y9bt | 0 | try to entice you into their sin | “try to persuade you to sin as they do” | ||
| 24 | PRO | 1 | 10 | e1wu | 0 | refuse to follow them | “refuse them” or “do not listen to them” | ||
| 25 | PRO | 1 | 11 | f89h | figs-hypo | 0 | If they say | Here the speaker gives an example of what sinners may try to entice someone to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) | |
| 26 | PRO | 1 | 11 | nvn9 | 0 | lie in wait | “hide and wait for the right time” | ||
| 27 | PRO | 1 | 12 | b8bq | 0 | General Information: | Verses 12-14 end the imagined statement of the sinners who are trying to entice others to sin. | ||
| 28 | PRO | 1 | 12 | w4w6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Let us swallow them up alive, like Sheol takes away those who are healthy | The sinners speak of murdering innocent people as if they were Sheol and they would take a living and healthy person down to the place where dead people go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 29 | PRO | 1 | 12 | jg5z | figs-personification | 0 | Let us swallow…like Sheol takes away | This speaks of the grave as if it were a person that swallows humans and takes them down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 30 | PRO | 1 | 12 | kea4 | 0 | like Sheol takes away those who are healthy | The wicked expect to destroy their victims in the same way Sheol, the place of the dead, takes away even healthy people. | ||
| 31 | PRO | 1 | 12 | ayt4 | 0 | make them like those who fall into the pit | Possible meanings are 1) this refers to travelers who fall into a deep hole where no one will ever find them or 2) here “pit” is another word that means Sheol or the place where dead people go. | ||
| 32 | PRO | 1 | 14 | x2p6 | figs-idiom | 0 | Throw in your lot with us | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Join us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 33 | PRO | 1 | 14 | l56r | figs-metonymy | 0 | we will all have one purse together | Here “purse” represents everything that they steal. Alternate translation: “we will equally share everything that we steal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 34 | PRO | 1 | 14 | ci4y | 0 | purse | a bag for carrying money | ||
| 35 | PRO | 1 | 15 | t25u | figs-metaphor | 0 | do not walk down that road with them; do not let your foot touch where they walk | To avoid behaving the same way as the sinners do is spoken of as if the son were to avoid walking on or even touching the roads that sinners walk on. Alternate translation: “do not go with the sinners or do what they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 36 | PRO | 1 | 16 | vap2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | their feet run to evil | The sinners having an eager interest in doing evil things is spoken of as if they were running to evil. Alternate translation: “they are eager to do wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 37 | PRO | 1 | 16 | v6fc | figs-synecdoche | 0 | their feet run | Here “feet” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “they run” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 38 | PRO | 1 | 16 | m7ui | figs-metonymy | 0 | to shed blood | Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 39 | PRO | 1 | 17 | g5jd | figs-metaphor | 0 | For it is useless to spread the net in the sight of any bird | This metaphor compares the wisdom of birds who avoid traps that they see to the foolishness of sinners who get caught in traps they make for themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 40 | PRO | 1 | 18 | ulr3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | These men lie in wait for their own blood—they set an ambush for their own lives | This finishes the comparison started in [Proverbs 1:17](../01/17.md). The men destroying themselves by doing sinful things is spoken of as if they set a trap and kill themselves. Alternate translation: “But these men are more foolish than the birds. They kill themselves with their own traps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 41 | PRO | 1 | 18 | b16m | figs-metaphor | 0 | These men lie in wait for their own blood | To lie in wait is to hide, ready to do something wicked. Alternate translation: “It is as if they are looking for an opportunity to kill themselves” or “They themselves will be killed because they try to kill others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 42 | PRO | 1 | 18 | vs5n | figs-metonymy | 0 | their own blood | Here “blood” is a metonym for a violent death. Alternate translation: “to kill themselves violently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 43 | PRO | 1 | 18 | rih3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | they set an ambush for their own lives | Here “their own lives” is a metonym for themselves. Alternate translation: “it is as if they are the ones who are waiting to suddenly attack and kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 44 | PRO | 1 | 19 | fz7s | figs-metaphor | 0 | So are the ways of everyone | A person’s fate or destiny is spoken of as if it were a road a person walks on. Alternate translation: “This is what happens to everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 45 | PRO | 1 | 19 | su23 | figs-metaphor | 0 | unjust gain takes away the lives of those who hold on to it | A person destroying themselves by trying to gain wealth through violence, theft, and deceit is spoken of as if the unjust gains will kill those who take it. Alternate translation: “it is like the unjust gains will destroy those who hold on to it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 46 | PRO | 1 | 20 | xza5 | figs-personification | 0 | General Information: | In 1:20-1:33 Wisdom is spoken of as if it were a woman speaking to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 47 | PRO | 1 | 20 | pj5i | figs-personification | 0 | Wisdom cries aloud | If your language does not allow you to treat wisdom as a woman shouting to the people in the city, you might try something like “Grandmother Wisdom cries aloud” or “Honored Miss Wisdom cries aloud” or “Wisdom is like a woman who cries aloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 48 | PRO | 1 | 20 | u7zc | figs-idiom | 0 | raises her voice | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “speaks with a loud voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 49 | PRO | 1 | 20 | pj5v | figs-explicit | 0 | in the open places | This means places where there would be a lot of people. Alternate translation: “in the markets” or “in the town squares” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 50 | PRO | 1 | 21 | ggk1 | 0 | at the head of the noisy streets | Possible meanings are 1) “head” refers to the place where busy streets intersect or 2) “head” refers to the top of a wall where people on noisy streets could see and hear wisdom speaking. | ||
| 51 | PRO | 1 | 22 | jk3x | figs-rquestion | 0 | How long, you naive people, will you love being naive? | Wisdom uses this question to rebuke those who are not wise. Alternate translation: “You who are naive must stop loving being naive.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 52 | PRO | 1 | 22 | v3nj | 0 | naive | inexperienced or immature | ||
| 53 | PRO | 1 | 22 | j83h | figs-rquestion | 0 | How long, you mockers, will you delight in mockery, and how long, you fools, will you hate knowledge? | Wisdom uses this question to rebuke the mockers and the fools. Alternate translation: “You who mock must stop delighting in mockery, and you fools must stop hating knowledge.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 54 | PRO | 1 | 23 | v9un | figs-personification | 0 | General Information: | Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 55 | PRO | 1 | 23 | uv1b | 0 | Pay attention | “Listen carefully” | ||
| 56 | PRO | 1 | 23 | t4c9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I will pour out my thoughts to you | Wisdom telling the people everything she thinks about them is spoken of as if her thoughts were a liquid that she would pour out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 57 | PRO | 1 | 23 | c7ci | 0 | I will make my words known to you | “I will tell you what I think” | ||
| 58 | PRO | 1 | 24 | i835 | figs-idiom | 0 | I reached out with my hand | This phrase is an idiom that means to beckon someone or to invite a person to come. Alternate translation: “I invited you to come to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 59 | PRO | 1 | 26 | y4fk | 0 | General Information: | Wisdom continues to speak, describing what happens to those who ignore her. | ||
| 60 | PRO | 1 | 26 | r8lx | writing-connectingwords | 0 | I will laugh | This can be stated with the word “therefore” to show that the woman wisdom laughs at them because they ignored her. Alternate translation: “Therefore I will laugh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) | |
| 61 | PRO | 1 | 26 | p97h | 0 | at your calamity | “when bad things happen to you” | ||
| 62 | PRO | 1 | 27 | kd9m | figs-simile | 0 | when your fearful dread comes like a storm…like a whirlwind…come upon you | Terrible things happening to the people is compared to a storm hitting them and causing fear and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 63 | PRO | 1 | 27 | uy59 | 0 | whirlwind | a very strong wind storm that causes damage | ||
| 64 | PRO | 1 | 28 | m9t9 | figs-personification | 0 | Wisdom continues speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | ||
| 65 | PRO | 1 | 28 | g5w7 | 0 | Then they will call upon me | “Then those who ignored me will cry out to me for help” | ||
| 66 | PRO | 1 | 29 | xk1e | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Because they hate knowledge | The abstract noun “knowledge” can be stated as the verb “learn.” Alternate translation: “Because they refused to learn to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 67 | PRO | 1 | 29 | iu3z | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | did not choose the fear of Yahweh | The abstract noun “fear” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “did not fear Yahweh” or “did not honor and respect Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 68 | PRO | 1 | 30 | h1ds | 0 | would not follow my instruction | “would not accept my instruction” or “rejected my advice” | ||
| 69 | PRO | 1 | 31 | nr9k | 0 | General Information: | Verse 33 ends wisdom’s statement that began in [Proverbs 1:22](../01/22.md). | ||
| 70 | PRO | 1 | 31 | wkf7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | eat the fruit of their ways | Here a person’s behavior is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Also, a person receiving the results of their behavior is spoken as if the person were eating the fruit of their behavior. Alternate translation: “experience the consequences of their actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 71 | PRO | 1 | 31 | c1jc | figs-metaphor | 0 | with the fruit of their schemes they will be filled | “they will eat the fruit of their schemes until they are full.” A person receiving the results of their own evil plans is spoken of as eating the fruit of their schemes. Alternate translation: “they will suffer the consequences of their own evil plans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 72 | PRO | 1 | 32 | t8af | 0 | naive | inexperienced or immature | ||
| 73 | PRO | 1 | 32 | d3pk | figs-metaphor | 0 | are killed when they turn away | A person rejecting wisdom is spoken of as if the person physically turns away from wisdom. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “die because they refuse to learn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 74 | PRO | 1 | 32 | le64 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | the indifference of fools will destroy them | The abstract noun “indifference” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “fools will die because they do not care about what should be done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 75 | PRO | 1 | 32 | cmi9 | 0 | indifference | a lack of interest about something | ||
| 76 | PRO | 2 | intro | wr6i | 0 | # Proverbs 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 2 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### My Son<br>Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.<br> | |||
| 77 | PRO | 2 | 1 | gj7r | figs-parallelism | 0 | General Information: | A father teaches his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 78 | PRO | 2 | 1 | wtm1 | 0 | if you receive my words | “if you listen to what I am teaching you” | ||
| 79 | PRO | 2 | 1 | jh3i | figs-metaphor | 0 | treasure up my commandments with you | Valuing what is commanded is spoken of as if the commandments were a treasure and the person were a safe place to store the treasure. Alternate translation: “consider my commands to be as valuable as a treasure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 80 | PRO | 2 | 2 | an5c | figs-idiom | 0 | make your ears pay attention | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “force yourself to listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 81 | PRO | 2 | 2 | w1il | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | to wisdom | This abstract noun can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “to the wise things I am teaching you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 82 | PRO | 2 | 2 | gme3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | incline your heart to understanding | Here “heart” represents a person’s mind. The phrase “incline your heart” is an idiom that means to commit or fully dedicate one’s mind to a task. Alternate translation: “try hard to understand what is wise” or “fully dedicate yourself to understanding wise teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 83 | PRO | 2 | 3 | j5n7 | figs-parallelism | 0 | If you cry out for understanding and raise your voice for it | Both of these phrases have the same meaning. It is implied that the person is strongly asking Yahweh for understanding. Alternate translation: “If you urgently ask God and plead for understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 84 | PRO | 2 | 3 | q192 | figs-idiom | 0 | raise your voice | This is an idiom that means to speak loudly or to shout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 85 | PRO | 2 | 4 | ci1k | figs-parallelism | 0 | if you seek it like you would seek silver and search for understanding as you would seek hidden treasures | Both phrases have the same meaning. These similes emphasize the great effort a person should make to understand what is wise. Alternate translation: “if you seek understanding with as much effort as you search for a valuable object” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 86 | PRO | 2 | 4 | ll3n | figs-metaphor | 0 | you seek it…search for understanding | Trying very hard to understand what is wise is spoken of as if understanding were an object for which a person must search. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 87 | PRO | 2 | 5 | h49h | figs-metaphor | 0 | you will find the knowledge of God | To succeed in knowing God is spoken of as if the knowledge of God were an object that a person finds after searching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 88 | PRO | 2 | 6 | g5bj | figs-synecdoche | 0 | from his mouth comes knowledge and understanding | Here “mouth” represents Yahweh himself or what he says. Alternate translation: “from Yahweh comes knowledge and understanding” or “Yahweh tells us what we need to know and understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 89 | PRO | 2 | 7 | jn6b | figs-metaphor | 0 | He stores up sound wisdom for those who please him | Yahweh teaching wisdom to people is spoken of as if wisdom were an item that Yahweh stores and gives to people. Alternate translation: “He teaches what is truly wise to those who please him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 90 | PRO | 2 | 7 | dv7k | 0 | sound | “dependable” | ||
| 91 | PRO | 2 | 7 | m2mi | figs-metaphor | 0 | he is a shield for those | Yahweh being able to protect his people is spoken of as if he were a shield. Alternate translation: “God protects those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 92 | PRO | 2 | 7 | u4zr | figs-metaphor | 0 | who walk in integrity | A person behaving with integrity is spoken of as if they were walking in integrity. Alternate translation: “who behave with integrity” or “who live their lives as they should” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 93 | PRO | 2 | 8 | qt7r | figs-metaphor | 0 | he guards the paths of justice | Possible meanings are 1) justice itself is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God makes sure that people act justly” or 2) a person’s life is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God protects those who act justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 94 | PRO | 2 | 8 | t2qd | figs-metaphor | 0 | preserve the way of his faithful ones | A person’s life is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Alternate translation: “protect those who are faithful to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 95 | PRO | 2 | 9 | qn9x | 0 | equity | fairness | ||
| 96 | PRO | 2 | 9 | ex8y | figs-metaphor | 0 | every good path | A behavior that is wise and pleases Yahweh is spoken of as if it were a good path. Alternate translation: “ways to live that are pleasing to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 97 | PRO | 2 | 10 | kf4i | figs-metonymy | 0 | wisdom will come into your heart | Here “heart” represents a person’s inner being. A person becoming wise is spoken of as if wisdom would enter into a person’s heart. Alternate translation: “you will gain much wisdom” or “you will learn how to be truly wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 98 | PRO | 2 | 10 | z4e2 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | pleasant to your soul | Here “soul” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “pleasing to you” or “enjoyable to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 99 | PRO | 2 | 11 | jbm7 | figs-personification | 0 | Discretion will watch over you, understanding will guard you | This speaks of “discretion” and “understanding” as if they were persons who could watch over someone else. Both statements mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Because you think carefully and understand what is right and wrong you will be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 100 | PRO | 2 | 11 | q2th | 0 | Discretion | the quality of being careful in actions and speech | ||
| 101 | PRO | 2 | 11 | dnu8 | 0 | watch over | to guard, protect or take care of someone or something | ||
| 102 | PRO | 2 | 12 | ix2e | figs-personification | 0 | They will rescue you from the way of evil | “They” refers to discretion and understanding, which are spoken of as if they were persons who could rescue someone else. Alternate translation: “You will know to stay away from what is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 103 | PRO | 2 | 12 | vs4c | figs-metaphor | 0 | from the way of evil | Evil behaviors are spoken of as if evil were a way or path on which a person walks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 104 | PRO | 2 | 13 | a5k8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | who abandon the right paths and walk in the ways of darkness | A person no longer doing what is right but deciding to do what is evil is spoken of as if the person stops walking on the correct path and chooses to walk down a dark path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 105 | PRO | 2 | 13 | tc6p | 0 | who abandon | The word “who” refers to the people who speak perverse things. | ||
| 106 | PRO | 2 | 13 | q9by | 0 | abandon | to leave and never return to someone or something | ||
| 107 | PRO | 2 | 14 | e571 | 0 | They rejoice | “They” refers to the same people as in [Proverbs 2:12](../02/12.md). | ||
| 108 | PRO | 2 | 14 | t4yz | figs-parallelism | 0 | delight in the perversities of evil | This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “delight in doing what they know is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 109 | PRO | 2 | 15 | jpq2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | They follow crooked paths | People who lie to others are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “They deceive other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 110 | PRO | 2 | 15 | lsl5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | using deception they hide their tracks | People lying so that others will not find out what they did is spoken of as if they covered the tracks on a path so that no one could follow them. Alternate translation: “they lie so that no one will know what they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 111 | PRO | 2 | 16 | erj5 | 0 | General Information: | The father continues to teach his child how wisdom will protect him. | ||
| 112 | PRO | 2 | 16 | p5k9 | figs-personification | 0 | Wisdom and discretion will save you | The writer speaks of wisdom and discretion as if they were people who save the one who possesses them. Alternate translation: “If you have wisdom and discretion, you will save yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 113 | PRO | 2 | 17 | c2iu | 0 | the companion of her youth | This refers to her husband, whom she married when she was young. | ||
| 114 | PRO | 2 | 17 | awb4 | 0 | the covenant of her God | This likely refers to the marriage covenant that she made with her husband in the presence of God. | ||
| 115 | PRO | 2 | 18 | dn9d | 0 | her house sinks down to death | Possible meanings are 1) “going to her house leads to death” or 2) “the road to her house is the road to death.” | ||
| 116 | PRO | 2 | 18 | kl7y | figs-metaphor | 0 | her tracks will lead you | Possible meanings are 1) “the paths to her house will lead you.” This refers to the tracks or path that lead to her house, or 2) this is a metaphor that speaks of her way of life as if it were a path on which she walks. Alternate translation: “her way of life will lead you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 117 | PRO | 2 | 18 | hwl4 | figs-metonymy | 0 | to those in the grave | This refers to the spirits of dead people and is a metonym for the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “to the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 118 | PRO | 2 | 19 | n7tg | figs-euphemism | 0 | go in to her | This means to go into her house to sleep with her, as one would with a prostitute. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
| 119 | PRO | 2 | 19 | zg4r | 0 | they will not find the paths of life | Possible meanings are 1) “they will not return to the land of the living” or 2) “they will never live a happy life again.” | ||
| 120 | PRO | 2 | 20 | ts71 | 0 | So | The writer tells the result of getting understanding and discretion. | ||
| 121 | PRO | 2 | 20 | fiw6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | you will walk in the way…follow the paths | A person’s conduct is spoken of as if it were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “you will live in the way…follow the example” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 122 | PRO | 2 | 22 | r5sm | figs-metaphor | 0 | the wicked will be cut off from the land | The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will remove the wicked from the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 123 | PRO | 2 | 22 | w94m | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the wicked…the faithless | These are nominal adjectives that can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked…those who are faithless” or “wicked people…faithless people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 124 | PRO | 2 | 22 | cmv9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the faithless will be cut off from it | The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will remove the faithless from it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 125 | PRO | 3 | intro | a94e | 0 | # Proverbs 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 3 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### My Son<br>Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.<br><br>### Wisdom is feminine<br><br>You may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br> | |||
| 126 | PRO | 3 | 1 | p6r4 | figs-parallelism | 0 | General Information: | The writer speaks as a father teaching his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 127 | PRO | 3 | 1 | f5cv | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | do not forget my commands | The word “commands” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “do not forget what I command you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 128 | PRO | 3 | 1 | tk78 | figs-parallelism | 0 | keep my teachings in your heart | This phrase says in positive terms what the previous phrase says in negative terms. Here the word “heart” represents the mind. The word “teachings” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “always remember what I teach you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 129 | PRO | 3 | 2 | r3ia | figs-doublet | 0 | for the length of your days and years of your life | These two phrases share similar meanings and refer to the duration of a person’s life. Alternate translation: “all your life” or “as long as you live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 130 | PRO | 3 | 3 | w5in | figs-personification | 0 | Do not let covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness ever leave you | The writer speaks of “covenant faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” as if they were people who could leave someone. The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” And, the negative command can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Always be trustworthy and be faithful to the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 131 | PRO | 3 | 3 | xj6j | figs-metaphor | 0 | tie them together about your neck | The writer speaks of faithfulness and trustworthiness as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. Alternate translation: “display them proudly like one would wear a necklace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 132 | PRO | 3 | 3 | i4pt | figs-metonymy | 0 | write them on the tablet of your heart | Here the heart represents a person’s mind. The mind is spoken of as if it were a tablet upon which someone can write messages and commands. Alternate translation: “always remember them, as if you had written them permanently on a tablet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 133 | PRO | 3 | 4 | g3fy | figs-metaphor | 0 | in the sight of God and man | Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in the judgment of God and man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 134 | PRO | 3 | 5 | w345 | figs-metonymy | 0 | all your heart | Here the word “heart” represents the inner person. Alternate translation: “your whole being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 135 | PRO | 3 | 5 | m1v4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | do not lean on your own understanding | The writer speaks of relying on one’s own understanding as if “understanding” were an object on which a person can lean. Alternate translation: “do not rely on your own understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 136 | PRO | 3 | 6 | c7br | figs-metaphor | 0 | in all your ways | The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if they were paths on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “in everything you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 137 | PRO | 3 | 6 | m1v6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | he will make your paths straight | The writer speaks of Yahweh making a person’s actions prosperous as if that person’s actions were paths on which he walks and which Yahweh makes free of obstacles. Alternate translation: “he will give you success” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 138 | PRO | 3 | 7 | y6is | figs-metaphor | 0 | Do not be wise in your own eyes | The writer speaks of a person’s opinion as if that person were seeing something with his eyes. Alternate translation: “Do not be wise in your own opinion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 139 | PRO | 3 | 7 | au5s | figs-metaphor | 0 | turn away from evil | The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if it were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “do not commit evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 140 | PRO | 3 | 8 | du95 | figs-explicit | 0 | It will be healing to your flesh | The word “it” refers to the instructions that the writer gives in the previous verse. The full meaning of this can be made clear. The word “flesh” represents the whole body. Alternate translation: “If you do this, it will be healing for your body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 141 | PRO | 3 | 9 | thp2 | 0 | all your produce | “all the food you harvest” | ||
| 142 | PRO | 3 | 10 | z9am | figs-activepassive | 0 | your storehouses will be filled up | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your storehouses will be full” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 143 | PRO | 3 | 10 | y7db | 0 | storehouses | buildings or rooms where food is stored | ||
| 144 | PRO | 3 | 10 | vtx6 | 0 | your vats will be bursting | your storage containers will be extremely full, as if ready to break open. | ||
| 145 | PRO | 3 | 11 | f4sx | 0 | General Information: | The writer writes as a father teaching his son. | ||
| 146 | PRO | 3 | 12 | gpk5 | figs-explicit | 0 | a son who pleases him | “a son in whom he delights.” This refers to the father’s affection for the son, and not to the father’s approval of the son’s behavior. Alternate translation: “a son whom he loves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 147 | PRO | 3 | 13 | d1nq | figs-metaphor | 0 | The one who finds wisdom | The writer speaks of “wisdom” as if it were an object that one finds. Alternate translation: “The one who attains wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 148 | PRO | 3 | 14 | gy74 | 0 | what silver will give in return | This refers to the profit that one can make from trading or investing silver. | ||
| 149 | PRO | 3 | 15 | y2yl | figs-personification | 0 | General Information: | The author speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 150 | PRO | 3 | 15 | vxz8 | 0 | more precious | “more valuable” | ||
| 151 | PRO | 3 | 16 | p6g3 | figs-personification | 0 | She has the length of her days in her right hand; in her left hand are riches and honor | The writer speak of the benefits that one gains from having wisdom as if wisdom were a woman who held these qualities in her hands and offered them to people. Alternate translation: “Wisdom gives a person length of days and riches and honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 152 | PRO | 3 | 16 | k6ir | figs-idiom | 0 | length of her days | This idiom refers to the duration of person’s life and may imply a long life. Alternate translation: “long life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 153 | PRO | 3 | 17 | mfb4 | figs-personification | 0 | Her ways are ways of kindness and all her paths are peace | The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of the benefits that wisdom gives a person as if wisdom were leading that person along a path. Alternate translation: “Wisdom will always treat you kindly and give you peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 154 | PRO | 3 | 18 | le9q | figs-metaphor | 0 | She is a tree of life to those who take hold of it | The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a tree that bears life-giving fruit and of a person who benefits from wisdom as if that person ate of the fruit. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is like a tree that sustains the life of those who eat of its fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 155 | PRO | 3 | 18 | l7hn | 0 | a tree of life | “a tree that gives life” or “a tree whose fruit sustains life” | ||
| 156 | PRO | 3 | 18 | ka8x | 0 | those who hold on to it | “those who hold on to its fruit” | ||
| 157 | PRO | 3 | 19 | c1nf | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh founded the earth…established the heavens | The writer speaks of Yahweh creating the earth and the heavens as if he were laying the foundation of a building. Alternate translation: “Yahweh created the earth…made the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 158 | PRO | 3 | 20 | ulw3 | figs-explicit | 0 | the depths broke open | In ancient thought, water existed under the earth. This phrase refers to Yahweh causing that water to come out of the earth and make the oceans and rivers exist. Alternate translation: “he caused the rivers to flow” or “he caused the oceans to exist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 159 | PRO | 3 | 20 | b6d2 | 0 | dew | water that forms on the ground at night | ||
| 160 | PRO | 3 | 21 | xa9f | figs-metaphor | 0 | do not lose sight of them | The writer speaks of not forgetting something as if it were always being able to see it. Alternate translation: “do not forget them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 161 | PRO | 3 | 22 | mr5l | figs-synecdoche | 0 | They will be life to your soul | Here the word “soul” represents the person. Alternate translation: “They will be life for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 162 | PRO | 3 | 22 | x4q3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | an adornment of favor to wear around your neck | The writer speaks of “sound judgment” and “discernment” as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. Alternate translation: “a display of favor like one would adorn themselves with a necklace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 163 | PRO | 3 | 22 | r2k8 | 0 | adornment of favor | Possible meanings are 1) “a favorable adornment” or 2) “an adornment that displays Yahweh’s favor.” | ||
| 164 | PRO | 3 | 23 | k64j | figs-metaphor | 0 | you will walk on your way in safety | The writer speaks of living one’s life as if the person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “you will live your life in safety” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 165 | PRO | 3 | 23 | d5hd | figs-synecdoche | 0 | your foot will not stumble | The word “foot” represents the whole person. The writer speaks of doing wrong as if a person stumbled over an object in his path. Alternate translation: “you will not do things that are wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 166 | PRO | 3 | 24 | f69h | figs-explicit | 0 | when you lie down | It is implied that a person lies down in order to sleep. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “when you lie down to sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 167 | PRO | 3 | 24 | q2v4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | your sleep will be sweet | The writer speaks of sleep that is peaceful and refreshing as if it tasted sweet to the person sleeping. The word “sleep” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “your sleep will be pleasant” or “you will sleep peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 168 | PRO | 3 | 25 | ds94 | figs-activepassive | 0 | devastation caused by the wicked, when it comes | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the wicked cause devastation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 169 | PRO | 3 | 26 | aw88 | figs-idiom | 0 | Yahweh will be on your side | “Yahweh will be by your side.” A person standing by another person’s side is an idiom that means that the one person will help and support the other. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will support and defend you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 170 | PRO | 3 | 26 | z3ye | figs-metaphor | 0 | will keep your foot from being caught in a trap | The writer speaks of a person experiencing harm from “terror” and “devastation” as if the person were caught in a trap. The word “foot” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “will protect you from those who want to harm you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 171 | PRO | 3 | 27 | yl8a | 0 | Do not withhold good | “Do not withhold good things” or “Do not withhold good actions” | ||
| 172 | PRO | 3 | 27 | sqz5 | 0 | when it is in your power to act | “when you are able to help” | ||
| 173 | PRO | 3 | 28 | e1qg | 0 | when you have the money with you | “when you have the money with you now.” The meaning here is that the person has the money to help today, but tells his neighbor to come back tomorrow. | ||
| 174 | PRO | 3 | 31 | pae7 | figs-explicit | 0 | Do not…choose any of his ways | It is implied that he is not to choose to imitate the actions of the violent person. Alternate translation: “Do not…choose to imitate any of his ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 175 | PRO | 3 | 32 | eu7k | 0 | the devious person is detestable to Yahweh | “Yahweh detests the devious person” | ||
| 176 | PRO | 3 | 32 | n8ed | 0 | the devious person | the person who is dishonest or deceitful | ||
| 177 | PRO | 3 | 32 | uy1e | figs-explicit | 0 | he brings the upright person into his confidence | Yahweh shares his thoughts with the those who do right as with a close, trusted friend. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is a close friend to the upright” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 178 | PRO | 3 | 33 | h6ns | figs-metaphor | 0 | The curse of Yahweh is on the house of the wicked person | The writer speaks of Yahweh’s curse as if it were an object that he placed on top of the wicked person’s house. The word “house” is a metonym for family. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has cursed the family of the wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 179 | PRO | 3 | 33 | q866 | figs-metonymy | 0 | he blesses the home of righteous people | The word “home” represents the family. Alternate translation: “he blesses the families of righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 180 | PRO | 3 | 34 | kb65 | figs-metaphor | 0 | he gives his favor to humble people | The writer speaks of Yahweh’s favor as if it were an object that he gives to people. Alternate translation: “he shows his favor to humble people” or “he is gracious to humble people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 181 | PRO | 3 | 35 | y7vz | figs-metaphor | 0 | Wise people inherit honor | The writer speaks of wise people obtaining a reputation of honor as if they inherited honor as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “Wise people will obtain honor” or “Wise people will gain an honorable reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 182 | PRO | 3 | 35 | b6jx | figs-metaphor | 0 | fools will be lifted up in their shame | The writer speaks of Yahweh making the shame of fools evident to everyone as if Yahweh were lifting fools up for everyone to see them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause everyone to see the shame of fools” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 183 | PRO | 4 | intro | z4ah | 0 | # Proverbs 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 4 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### My Son<br>Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.<br><br>### Wisdom is feminine<br><br>You may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) | |||
| 184 | PRO | 4 | 1 | hqv1 | 0 | General Information: | The writer speaks as a father teaching his children. | ||
| 185 | PRO | 4 | 1 | zck6 | 0 | pay attention | “listen carefully” | ||
| 186 | PRO | 4 | 1 | s4lm | 0 | you will know what understanding is | “you will know how to understand” or “you will gain understanding” | ||
| 187 | PRO | 4 | 2 | paf3 | 0 | I am giving you good instructions | “What I am teaching you is good” | ||
| 188 | PRO | 4 | 3 | y999 | figs-explicit | 0 | When I was a son of my father | This refers to the time when the writer was a child still living under his father’s care. Alternate translation: “When I was still a boy learning from my father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 189 | PRO | 4 | 3 | n5ke | figs-hendiadys | 0 | the tender and only child | Here the word “tender” refers to a young age at which the child is still weak. It forms a hendiadys with the word “only.” Alternate translation: “the tender only child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) | |
| 190 | PRO | 4 | 4 | b7y3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Let your heart hold fast to my words | Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind. The writer speaks of remembering words as if the heart were holding on tightly to them. Alternate translation: “Always remember what I am teaching you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 191 | PRO | 4 | 5 | rat9 | 0 | General Information: | The father continues to teach his children what his father taught him. | ||
| 192 | PRO | 4 | 5 | ft42 | 0 | Acquire wisdom | “Work hard to gain for yourself wisdom” or “Get wisdom” | ||
| 193 | PRO | 4 | 5 | fb3y | 0 | do not forget | “remember” | ||
| 194 | PRO | 4 | 5 | m3uv | 0 | do not reject | “accept” | ||
| 195 | PRO | 4 | 5 | su5g | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the words of my mouth | Here the word “mouth” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “what I am saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 196 | PRO | 4 | 6 | zc73 | figs-personification | 0 | do not abandon wisdom and she will watch over you; love her and she will keep you safe | The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman who protects the person who is faithful to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 197 | PRO | 4 | 6 | vrf5 | 0 | do not abandon wisdom | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “hold tightly to wisdom” or “be faithful to wisdom” | ||
| 198 | PRO | 4 | 6 | h75g | 0 | love her | “love wisdom” | ||
| 199 | PRO | 4 | 7 | zu2p | 0 | General Information: | The father finishes teaching his children what his father taught him. | ||
| 200 | PRO | 4 | 7 | guq5 | 0 | spend all you own so you can get understanding | “value understanding more than all you own” | ||
| 201 | PRO | 4 | 8 | pa2i | figs-personification | 0 | Cherish wisdom and she will exalt you | The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of wisdom giving great honor to a person as if wisdom lifted that person to a high position. Alternate translation: “If you cherish wisdom, she will give you great honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 202 | PRO | 4 | 8 | x13z | 0 | Cherish | to feel or show great love for someone or something | ||
| 203 | PRO | 4 | 8 | k4fl | figs-personification | 0 | she will honor you when you embrace her | The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of a person valuing wisdom as if the person placed his arms around her. Alternate translation: “if you love wisdom greatly, wisdom will cause people to honor you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 204 | PRO | 4 | 9 | z38e | figs-metaphor | 0 | She will put a wreath of honor on your head | The writer speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a wreath upon that person’s head. Alternate translation: “Wisdom will be like a wreath on your head that shows your great honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 205 | PRO | 4 | 9 | beu8 | 0 | wreath | a woven circle made of leaves or flowers | ||
| 206 | PRO | 4 | 9 | z184 | figs-metaphor | 0 | she will give you a beautiful crown | The writer speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a crown upon that person’s head. Alternate translation: “wisdom will be like a beautiful crown on your head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 207 | PRO | 4 | 10 | p1f4 | 0 | pay attention to my words | “listen carefully to what I teach you” | ||
| 208 | PRO | 4 | 10 | l7bx | 0 | you will have many years in your life | “you will live many years” | ||
| 209 | PRO | 4 | 11 | h1ql | figs-metaphor | 0 | I direct you in the way of wisdom; I lead you down straight paths | The writer speaks of teaching his son to live wisely as if he were leading his son along the paths where one may find wisdom. Alternate translation: “I am teaching you how to live wisely; I am explaining the right way to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 210 | PRO | 4 | 12 | xxp4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | When you walk, no one will stand in your way and if you run, you will not stumble | These two lines share similar meanings. The writer speaks of the decisions and actions that a person makes as if that person were walking or running along a path and of the person being successful as if the path were free of obstacles that might make the person stumble. Alternate translation: “When you plan something, you will succeed in doing it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 211 | PRO | 4 | 13 | d7gk | figs-metaphor | 0 | Hold on to instruction, do not let it go | The writer speaks of a person remembering what he has learned as if “instruction” were an object that the person can hold tightly. Alternate translation: “Continue to obey what I have taught you and never forget it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 212 | PRO | 4 | 13 | ljf9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | for it is your life | The writer speaks of discipline preserving a person’s life as if it were that person’s life. Alternate translation: “for it will preserve your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 213 | PRO | 4 | 14 | gi8l | figs-metaphor | 0 | Do not follow the path of the wicked and do not go along the way of those who do evil | The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if that person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “Do not do what wicked people do and do not join in the actions of people who do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 214 | PRO | 4 | 15 | cr8d | 0 | Avoid it | “Avoid the path of the wicked” | ||
| 215 | PRO | 4 | 16 | n1jz | figs-hyperbole | 0 | they cannot sleep until they do evil | They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
| 216 | PRO | 4 | 16 | a2jq | figs-hyperbole | 0 | they are robbed of sleep | The writer speaks of people being unable to sleep as if sleep were an object that someone stole from them. They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. Alternate translation: “they are unable to sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 217 | PRO | 4 | 16 | bvp7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | until they cause someone to stumble | The writer speaks of causing harm to another person as if it were causing that person to stumble. Alternate translation: “until they harm someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 218 | PRO | 4 | 17 | vfi9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | they eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence | Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of these people constantly committing wickedness and violence as if they ate and drank them like one would drink bread and wine. Alternate translation: “wickedness is like the bread that they eat and violence is like the wine that they drink” or 2) these people get their food and drink by committing wickedness and violence. Alternate translation: “they eat bread that they obtain by doing wicked things and drink wine that they obtain through violence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 219 | PRO | 4 | 18 | w7hu | figs-metaphor | 0 | the path of righteous people | The writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of righteous people as if they were a “path” or “way” upon which they walk. Alternate translation: “the lifestyle of righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 220 | PRO | 4 | 18 | etf9 | figs-simile | 0 | the path of righteous people is like the first light that grows brighter | The writer compares the path of righteous people to the sunrise, meaning that they are safe because they have light to see where they are walking. Alternate translation: “righteous people walk along their path safely because the morning sun shines on it and grows brighter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 221 | PRO | 4 | 18 | i5k7 | 0 | the first light | This refers to the dawn or sunrise. | ||
| 222 | PRO | 4 | 18 | jv88 | figs-idiom | 0 | until the fullness of the day comes | This refers to the time of day at which the sun shines the brightest. Alternate translation: “until the sun shines most brightly” or “until full daylight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 223 | PRO | 4 | 19 | bqj5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | The way of the wicked | The writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of wicked people as if they were a “path” or “way” upon which they walk. Alternate translation: “The lifestyle of the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 224 | PRO | 4 | 19 | mj9l | figs-simile | 0 | The way of the wicked is like darkness | The writer compares the way of wicked people to darkness, meaning that they are always in danger because they have no light to see where they are walking. Alternate translation: “Wicked people walk dangerously along their path because they have no light to be able to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 225 | PRO | 4 | 19 | m9yh | figs-metaphor | 0 | they do not know what it is they stumble over | The writer speaks of experiencing harm as if it were stumbling over an object in the path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “they do not know why they experience harm and misfortune” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 226 | PRO | 4 | 20 | w8jd | 0 | pay attention | “listen carefully” | ||
| 227 | PRO | 4 | 20 | kji2 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | incline your ear to my sayings | Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. The word “sayings” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “listen attentively to the things that I am saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 228 | PRO | 4 | 21 | zdv5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Do not let them turn away from your eyes | The writer speaks of always thinking about something as if it were keeping it where one can see it. Alternate translation: “Do not stop thinking about them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 229 | PRO | 4 | 21 | a189 | figs-metaphor | 0 | keep them in your heart | The writer speaks of remembering something as if it were keeping it within one’s heart. Alternate translation: “always remember them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 230 | PRO | 4 | 22 | jnu1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | my words are life | The writer speaks of his words preserving a person’s life as if they were that person’s life. Alternate translation: “my words give life” or “the things I say give life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 231 | PRO | 4 | 22 | lby5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | to those who find them | The writer speaks of fully understanding his words as if the person searches for them and finds them. Alternate translation: “to those who understand and practice them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 232 | PRO | 4 | 22 | d57y | figs-ellipsis | 0 | health to their whole body | The word “their” refers to “those who find them.” The subject for this phrase can be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “my words will give health to the whole body of those who find them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
| 233 | PRO | 4 | 23 | pf19 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Keep your heart safe and guard it | Here the word “heart” represents a person’s mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “Keep your mind safe and guard your thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 234 | PRO | 4 | 23 | klv3 | 0 | with all diligence | with constant and earnest effort | ||
| 235 | PRO | 4 | 23 | n8vd | figs-metonymy | 0 | from it flow the springs of life | The word “it” refers to the heart, which is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a person’s life as if it were a flowing spring that originates from the heart. Alternate translation: “from your thoughts comes everything you say and do” or “your thoughts determine your course of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 236 | PRO | 4 | 24 | a2sw | figs-metaphor | 0 | Put crooked speech away from you and put corrupt talk far from you | The writer speaks of lying or deceitful speech as if it were crooked and of a person not using this kind of language as if it were removing it far away from oneself. Alternate translation: “Do not lie and do not speak deceitfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 237 | PRO | 4 | 25 | il8g | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Let your eyes look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before you | Here the word “eyes” represents the person who is looking. The writer speaks of a person being committed to doing the right thing as if that person were constantly looking forward without turning his head to look in another direction. Alternate translation: “Always look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 238 | PRO | 4 | 26 | nt2z | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Make a level path for your foot | Here the word “foot” represents the person who is walking. The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if he were walking along a path, and of planning those actions carefully as if it were making that path level. Alternate translation: “Make a level path to walk on” or “Prepare well what you want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 239 | PRO | 4 | 26 | g2a2 | 0 | a level path | “a smooth path” or “an even path” | ||
| 240 | PRO | 4 | 26 | xyn9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | then all your ways will be secure | The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking along a path and of those actions being successful as if the path were safe and secure. Alternate translation: “then everything that you do will be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 241 | PRO | 4 | 27 | h89u | figs-merism | 0 | Do not turn aside to the right or to the left | The directions “right” and “left” form a merism, meaning that the person is not to leave the level path in any direction. Alternate translation: “Walk straight ahead and do not leave the level path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
| 242 | PRO | 4 | 27 | j3tn | figs-synecdoche | 0 | turn your foot away from evil | Here the word “foot” represents the person who walks. The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if the person were walking away from evil. Alternate translation: “turn away from evil” or “stay away from evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 243 | PRO | 5 | intro | jxf1 | 0 | # Proverbs 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 5 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### My Son<br>Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.<br><br>### Adulteress<br><br>This chapter is unusual because it holds a theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])<br> | |||
| 244 | PRO | 5 | 1 | vi27 | 0 | General Information: | The writer speaks as a father teaching his children. | ||
| 245 | PRO | 5 | 1 | nl9h | figs-synecdoche | 0 | incline your ears | Here the word “ears” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ears are closer to the one speaking. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “listen attentively” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 246 | PRO | 5 | 2 | cei4 | 0 | discretion | Discretion is the quality of being careful with regard to one’s actions and speech. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md). | ||
| 247 | PRO | 5 | 2 | la7f | figs-synecdoche | 0 | your lips may protect knowledge | Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. The writer speaks of a person being careful only to say what is true as if the person’s lips were protecting knowledge. Alternate translation: “you will speak only what is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 248 | PRO | 5 | 3 | zxr9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the lips of an adulteress drip with honey | Possible meanings are 1) the word “lips” represents the words of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the attractiveness of her words as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the words of an adulteress are sweet, as if dripping with honey” or 2) the writer speaks of the allure of kissing the adulteress as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the kisses of an adulteress are sweet, as if her lips dripped with honey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 249 | PRO | 5 | 3 | z9rm | figs-metonymy | 0 | her mouth is smoother than oil | Possible meanings are 1) the word “mouth” represents the speech of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the persuasiveness of her speech as if her mouth were smoother than olive oil. Alternate translation: “her speech is persuasive and smoother than olive oil” or 2) the writer speaks of the pleasure of kissing the adulteress as if her mouth were smoother than oil. Alternate translation: “her kisses are smoother than olive oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 250 | PRO | 5 | 4 | pd3g | figs-metaphor | 0 | but in the end she is as bitter as wormwood | The writer speaks of the harm that comes from having a relationship with an adulteress as if she tasted as bitter as wormwood. Alternate translation: “but in the end, she is like bitter-tasting wormwood and will cause you harm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 251 | PRO | 5 | 4 | m3sn | 0 | wormwood | a plant that tastes bitter | ||
| 252 | PRO | 5 | 4 | jy84 | figs-metaphor | 0 | cutting like a sharp sword | The writer speaks of the pain that the adulteress will cause to the one who has a relationship with her as if she were a sharp weapon that cuts the person. Alternate translation: “she wounds a person, as if she were a sharp sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 253 | PRO | 5 | 5 | kc88 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Her feet go down to death | Here “her feet” represent the adulteress as she walks. The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “She is walking along a path that leads to death” or “Her lifestyle leads to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 254 | PRO | 5 | 5 | g7qf | figs-metaphor | 0 | her steps go all the way to Sheol | The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “she walks all the way to Sheol” or “her conduct takes her all the way to Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 255 | PRO | 5 | 6 | nxc1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | She gives no thought to the path of life | The writer speaks of behavior that gives a person long life as if it were a path that leads to life. Alternate translation: “She does not think about walking along the path that leads to life” or “She is not concerned about conduct that leads to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 256 | PRO | 5 | 6 | iki3 | 0 | Her footsteps wander | Possible meanings are 1) “She wanders about as if she were lost” or 2) “She walks along the wrong path.” | ||
| 257 | PRO | 5 | 7 | dwp8 | 0 | Now | Here the teacher shifts from warning about the adulteress to giving advice. | ||
| 258 | PRO | 5 | 7 | ry9i | figs-parallelism | 0 | listen to me…do not turn away from listening | These two phrases express the same idea to make the student pay attention. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 259 | PRO | 5 | 7 | e4q8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | do not turn away from listening | The writer speaks of stopping an action as if the person physically turned away from it. Alternate translation: “do not stop listening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 260 | PRO | 5 | 7 | ih1h | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the words of my mouth | Here the word “mouth” represents the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “my words” or “what I am saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 261 | PRO | 5 | 8 | y32e | figs-metonymy | 0 | Keep your path far away from her | Here the word “path” represents the person’s daily conduct and circumstances. Alternate translation: “Keep yourself far away from her” or “Stay away from her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 262 | PRO | 5 | 8 | jw5h | figs-synecdoche | 0 | do not come near the door of her house | Here “the door of her house” represents the house itself. It may be more appropriate to use the word “go” instead of “come” since the latter might imply that the speaker is at the door of her house. Alternate translation: “do not go near the door of her house” or “do not even go near her house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) | |
| 263 | PRO | 5 | 9 | pl7u | 0 | In that way | “If you do this.” This phrase refers to what he has just said in previous verses. | ||
| 264 | PRO | 5 | 9 | b54w | 0 | you will not give away your honor to others | Possible meanings for the word “honor” are 1) it refers to one’s reputation. Alternate translation: “You will not lose your good reputation among other people” or 2) it refers to one’s wealth and possessions. Alternate translation: “You will not give away your wealth to other people” or 3) it refers to strength and represents the prime years of one’s life. Alternate translation: “You will not give away the best times of your life to other people” | ||
| 265 | PRO | 5 | 9 | bc5b | figs-ellipsis | 0 | or years of your life to a cruel person | The writer speaks of a person dying prematurely, possibly by murder, as if the years of his life were items that he gives away to another person. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “or give years of your life to a cruel person” or “or cause a cruel person to kill you while you are still young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 266 | PRO | 5 | 9 | yb9a | 0 | a cruel person | This may refer to the husband of the adulteress, who will deal cruelly with the person who sleeps with her. | ||
| 267 | PRO | 5 | 10 | d9br | figs-metaphor | 0 | strangers will not feast on your wealth | The writer speaks of people taking and enjoying another person’s wealth as if they were feasting on the wealth. Alternate translation: “strangers will not take all of your wealth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 268 | PRO | 5 | 10 | ksf3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | what you have worked for will not go into the house of strangers | Here the word “house” represents the person’s family. Alternate translation: “the things that you have obtained will not end up belonging to the families of strangers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 269 | PRO | 5 | 11 | la5h | figs-doublet | 0 | your flesh and your body waste away | The words “flesh” and “body” mean basically the same thing and represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “your body wastes away” or “you waste away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
| 270 | PRO | 5 | 11 | i4yh | 0 | waste away | “physically wear down” or “become weak and unhealthy” | ||
| 271 | PRO | 5 | 12 | x4di | figs-parallelism | 0 | I hated instruction…my heart despised correction | These two phrases express the same idea and emphasize how much this person disliked what the teacher had said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 272 | PRO | 5 | 12 | m4gr | figs-exclamations | 0 | How I hated instruction | The word “How” is an exclamation that emphasizes the strength of his hatred. The word “instruction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I hated it so much when someone would instruct me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 273 | PRO | 5 | 12 | b7lf | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my heart despised correction | Here the word “heart” represents the person and his emotions. The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I despised people when they corrected me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 274 | PRO | 5 | 13 | kvf5 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | incline my ear to my instructors | Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “listen to those who instructed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 275 | PRO | 5 | 14 | he4c | figs-parallelism | 0 | in the midst of the assembly, among the gathering of the people | These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to the person’s community that has gathered together either 1) to worship God or 2) to judge him for his offense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 276 | PRO | 5 | 15 | f76j | figs-parallelism | 0 | water from your own cistern…running water from your own well | These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The writer speaks of a man sleeping only with his wife as if he drank water only from his own cistern or well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 277 | PRO | 5 | 15 | t8av | figs-metaphor | 0 | running water | The writer speaks of fresh or flowing water as if the water were running. Alternate translation: “fresh water” or “flowing water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 278 | PRO | 5 | 16 | pe1s | figs-rquestion | 0 | Should your springs…your streams of water flow in the public squares? | The writer asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that his son should not do these things. Alternate translation: “Your springs should not…your streams of water should not flow in the public squares.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 279 | PRO | 5 | 16 | u3ua | figs-euphemism | 0 | Should your springs…your streams of water flow in the public squares? | Here the words “springs” and “streams of water” are likely euphemisms for male reproductive fluids. Possible meanings for these metaphorical phrases are 1) sleeping with women other than one’s wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one’s water to flow in the public streets or 2) having children with women other than one’s wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one’s water to flow in the public streets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 280 | PRO | 5 | 16 | ss2w | 0 | public squares | Open areas in a city or town where two or more streets meet. A common place for people to meet each other and talk. | ||
| 281 | PRO | 5 | 17 | f7ge | 0 | Let them be | The word “them” refers to the “springs” and “streams of water” and what they stand for. | ||
| 282 | PRO | 5 | 17 | s9wf | 0 | not for strangers with you | “do not share them with strangers” | ||
| 283 | PRO | 5 | 18 | xd81 | figs-metaphor | 0 | May your fountain be blessed | The writer speaks of the son’s wife as if she were a fountain. Here the word “blessed” refers to the sense of joy that the man has in his wife. Alternate translation: “May you always find joy with your wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 284 | PRO | 5 | 18 | tz7f | 0 | the wife of your youth | Possible meanings are 1) “the wife whom you married when you were young” or 2) “your young wife.” | ||
| 285 | PRO | 5 | 19 | n93j | figs-metaphor | 0 | she is a loving deer and a graceful doe | The writer speaks of the son’s wife as if she were “a loving deer and a graceful doe.” Here “deer” and “doe” mean a female deer. They were symbols of beauty both in their appearance and in their movements. Alternate translation: “she is as beautiful and graceful as a deer or a doe” or “she is as beautiful and graceful as a female deer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 286 | PRO | 5 | 19 | dv45 | 0 | graceful | This word does not mean “full of grace,” but “beautiful while moving.” | ||
| 287 | PRO | 5 | 19 | x1vq | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Let her breasts satisfy you | Possible meanings are 1) the wife’s breasts excite the husband’s sexual desire and possibly represent the wife’s entire body. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts satisfy your desires” or “Let her body satisfy your desires” or 2) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of the wife’s breasts satisfying the husband’s desires as they would satisfy the thirst of a hungry baby. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts fill you with delight as a mother’s breasts fill her child with food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 288 | PRO | 5 | 19 | pb8m | figs-activepassive | 0 | may you be continually intoxicated by her love | Intense excitement and joy from the romantic love of one’s wife is spoken of as if he was drunk from that love. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let her love control you as alcohol controls someone who is drunk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 289 | PRO | 5 | 19 | elf2 | 0 | by her love | Possible meanings are 1) “by your love for her” or 2) “by her love for you.” | ||
| 290 | PRO | 5 | 20 | d78f | figs-rquestion | 0 | For why should you, my son, be captivated by an adulteress; why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral woman? | The writer asks these rhetorical questions to emphasize that his son must not do these things. Alternate translation: “My son, do not be captivated by an adulteress! Do not embrace the breasts of an immoral woman!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 291 | PRO | 5 | 20 | z71k | figs-activepassive | 0 | be captivated by an adulteress | Intense excitement that arises from the desire for a woman is spoken of as if he were being held captive by that woman. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “allow an adulteress to captivate you” or “allow an adulteress to fascinate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 292 | PRO | 5 | 20 | zr1u | figs-synecdoche | 0 | why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral woman | Here the word “breasts” represents the immoral woman and her sexual attractiveness. Alternate translation: “why should you embrace an immoral woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 293 | PRO | 5 | 20 | x9gw | 0 | an immoral woman | Possible meanings are 1) “a woman who is not your wife” or 2) “a woman who is another man’s wife.” | ||
| 294 | PRO | 5 | 21 | jh86 | figs-parallelism | 0 | sees everything…watches all the paths | These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God knows everything that everyone does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 295 | PRO | 5 | 21 | p1ar | figs-metaphor | 0 | all the paths he takes | The writer speaks of a person’s actions or lifestyle as if it were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “everywhere he goes” or “everything he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 296 | PRO | 5 | 22 | u9ya | figs-personification | 0 | A wicked person will be seized by his own iniquities | The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities as if those iniquities were people who capture the wicked person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A wicked person’s own iniquities will seize him” or “A wicked person will be unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 297 | PRO | 5 | 22 | he5d | figs-metaphor | 0 | the cords of his sin will hold him tight | The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his sin as if that sin were a trap made of cords in which the person is caught. Alternate translation: “because of his sin, he will be like an animal caught in a trap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 298 | PRO | 5 | 23 | x16k | figs-activepassive | 0 | he is led astray by his great foolishness | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his great foolishness leads him astray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 299 | PRO | 5 | 23 | n1a7 | 0 | by his great foolishness | “because he is very foolish” | ||
| 300 | PRO | 6 | intro | xq95 | 0 | # Proverbs 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 6 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### My Son<br><br>Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.<br><br>### Adulteress<br><br>The latter part of this chapter comes back to the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])<br><br>### Numbers<br><br>Occasionally, the author will mention a list of six things, or seven things, that Yahweh hates. These numbers are used to draw attention to the list of things. It is not important whether there are six or seven things in the list.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>The author will use rhetorical questions to draw the reader’s attention to important points. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Animals used as types<br><br>The gazelle and the ant have certain characteristics which the author uses to give wisdom. If your language does not recognize these characteristics in those animals, you could add a footnote to explain or possibly substitute another animal from your culture that would help explain the same concept. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br> | |||
| 301 | PRO | 6 | 1 | sb1b | figs-explicit | 0 | set aside your money | Implied here is that your promise and the circumstances forced you to save up your money. Alternate translation: “had to save up some of your money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 302 | PRO | 6 | 1 | z256 | 0 | a guarantee for your neighbor’s loan | Possible meanings are 1) your neighbor may come to you to ask for a loan or 2) your neighbor wants to take out a loan from someone else, but you promise to pay the lender back if your neighbor cannot. | ||
| 303 | PRO | 6 | 1 | p3wd | 0 | neighbor | This same Hebrew word can also mean “friend.” | ||
| 304 | PRO | 6 | 2 | p9iu | figs-idiom | 0 | you have laid a trap for yourself | This is a figure of speech saying that you are going to trap yourself. Alternate translation: “you have made a trap in which you yourself are caught” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 305 | PRO | 6 | 2 | qta7 | 0 | the words of your mouth | “what you said” or “what you promised to do” | ||
| 306 | PRO | 6 | 3 | d6yp | 0 | save yourself | “protect yourself” or “help yourself out of these problems” | ||
| 307 | PRO | 6 | 3 | zn5u | figs-idiom | 0 | you have fallen into the hand of your neighbor | This is a figure of speech using the term “hand” to mean “harm.” Alternate translation: “your neighbor can bring harm to you if he wants to” or “your neighbor has power over you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 308 | PRO | 6 | 3 | mzx9 | 0 | neighbor | “friend” | ||
| 309 | PRO | 6 | 4 | be5i | figs-parallelism | 0 | Give your eyes no sleep and your eyelids no slumber | “Do not let your eyes sleep; do not let your eyelids slumber.” These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how important it is not to be lazy. It is also stated negatively for even more emphasis. Alternate translation: “Stay awake, and do what you can” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 310 | PRO | 6 | 4 | n831 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | your eyes…your eyelids | This is a figure of speech using parts of your face to mean your whole body. Alternate translation: “yourself…yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 311 | PRO | 6 | 5 | xjb3 | 0 | Save yourself like a gazelle from the hand of the hunter | “Escape from your neighbor like a gazelle that flees from a hunter” | ||
| 312 | PRO | 6 | 5 | lcv3 | 0 | gazelle | This is a big, lean animal that eats grass and that people often hunt for meat. It is famous for running away quickly. | ||
| 313 | PRO | 6 | 5 | ffv9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | from the hand of the hunter | The hand of the hunter refers to the hunter’s control. Alternate translation: “from the control of the hunter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 314 | PRO | 6 | 5 | fn1g | 0 | like a bird from the hand of the fowler | “and escape like a bird that flies away from a bird-hunter” | ||
| 315 | PRO | 6 | 6 | il7a | 0 | Look at…consider | “Study…think about” or “carefully observe…ponder” | ||
| 316 | PRO | 6 | 6 | xh1r | 0 | ant | An ant is a small insect that lives underground or in a self-built hill. They usually live in groups of thousands, and they can lift things that are much bigger than they are. | ||
| 317 | PRO | 6 | 6 | uze2 | figs-metonymy | 0 | consider her ways | This is a figure of speech using the “ways” of an ant to refer to the behavior of the ant. Alternate translation: “consider how the ant behaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 318 | PRO | 6 | 7 | tmb7 | figs-doublet | 0 | commander, officer, or ruler | These three words mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasized that no one has formal authority over an individual ant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
| 319 | PRO | 6 | 8 | w9jc | figs-parallelism | 0 | it prepares its food in the summer…during the harvest it stores up what it will eat | These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are repeated to show how responsible the ant is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 320 | PRO | 6 | 8 | c8we | 0 | summer | Summer is the time of the year when some trees bear their fruit. | ||
| 321 | PRO | 6 | 9 | r6u4 | figs-parallelism | 0 | How long will you sleep…When will you rise from your sleep? | The teacher uses these questions to scold the lazy person for sleeping too much. Alternate translation: “Wake up, you lazy person! Get out of your bed!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 322 | PRO | 6 | 10 | q6ab | 0 | A little sleep…of the hands to rest | These are the kinds of things that lazy people say. | ||
| 323 | PRO | 6 | 10 | f9h7 | figs-parallelism | 0 | A little sleep, a little slumber | Both of these statements mean the same thing. They can be stated as complete sentences. Alternate translation: “I will just sleep a little longer. Let me sleep lightly a little longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
| 324 | PRO | 6 | 10 | c54p | figs-metonymy | 0 | folding of the hands to rest | People often fold their hands while reclining in order to rest more comfortably. Alternate translation: “I will just cross my arms comfortably and rest a little” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 325 | PRO | 6 | 11 | qm7m | figs-explicit | 0 | and your poverty will come | This can be stated as a new sentence to make clear that this is a result of being lazy. Alternate translation: “If you continue to be lazy, your poverty will come” or “While you sleep, poverty will come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 326 | PRO | 6 | 11 | zz4v | figs-simile | 0 | your poverty will come like a robber | The sudden way a lazy person becomes poor is like the sudden way a robber comes and steals things. Alternate translation: “you will suddenly become poor, just as if a robber came and stole everything you have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 327 | PRO | 6 | 11 | r7za | figs-simile | 0 | and your needs like an armed soldier | The sudden way a lazy person becomes in need of things is like the sudden way an armed soldier takes things from a person. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “and your needs will come to you like an armed soldier” or “and you will become needy just as if an armed soldier stole all your things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
| 328 | PRO | 6 | 11 | vt3g | 0 | an armed soldier | “a soldier who is holding a weapon” or “a man with a weapon” | ||
| 329 | PRO | 6 | 12 | sk3y | figs-doublet | 0 | A worthless person—a wicked man | These two words have the same meaning and emphasize how bad this person is. Alternate translation: “A person with no value—an evil man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
| 330 | PRO | 6 | 12 | q9ly | figs-metaphor | 0 | lives by the crookedness of his speech | Here lies are spoken of as speech that is crooked. Alternate translation: “constantly tells lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 331 | PRO | 6 | 13 | b2zu | 0 | winking his eyes, making signals with his feet and pointing with his fingers | All three of these phrases describe a way in which the evil person communicates secretly to deceive other people. | ||
| 332 | PRO | 6 | 13 | kq86 | 0 | winking his eyes | If someone winks, he closes one eye very briefly as a secret signal to another person. This might be a sign of trust, of approval, or of something else. | ||
| 333 | PRO | 6 | 14 | za5w | 0 | He plots evil | “He plans evil” or “He prepares to do evil deeds” | ||
| 334 | PRO | 6 | 14 | bbx6 | 0 | he always stirs up discord | “he always causes discord” or “he is constantly looking for conflict and escalating it” | ||
| 335 | PRO | 6 | 15 | n8uw | 0 | Therefore | “For that reason” | ||
| 336 | PRO | 6 | 15 | fz64 | figs-personification | 0 | his disaster will overtake him | This implies that the disaster is chasing him like a person or an animal, and that it will catch him soon. Alternate translation: “his disaster will catch him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 337 | PRO | 6 | 15 | j5gd | 0 | his disaster | This refers to the disaster that will happen to him, but also the disaster that he himself caused. | ||
| 338 | PRO | 6 | 15 | h6bm | 0 | in an instant; in a moment | Both mean the same thing, and one or both of them can be replaced by “suddenly” or “very quickly.” | ||
| 339 | PRO | 6 | 16 | it1e | figs-parallelism | 0 | six things that Yahweh hates, seven that | This whole verse is a parallelism that emphasizes that God hates several things and not just one. Alternate translation: “six things that Yahwah hates; seven things that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 340 | PRO | 6 | 16 | akh6 | 0 | that are disgusting to him | “that make him feel disgust” or “that make you disgusting according to him” | ||
| 341 | PRO | 6 | 17 | zib9 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | This is the list of things that Yahweh hates that was introduced in [Proverbs 6:16](./16.md). | ||
| 342 | PRO | 6 | 17 | kpi4 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | eyes…tongue…hands | All of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with “people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 343 | PRO | 6 | 17 | cip3 | 0 | shed the blood of | “kill” or “murder” | ||
| 344 | PRO | 6 | 18 | jq4t | figs-synecdoche | 0 | heart…feet | All of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with “people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 345 | PRO | 6 | 18 | ex5v | 0 | wicked schemes | “evil plans” | ||
| 346 | PRO | 6 | 19 | g2tz | figs-idiom | 0 | breathes out lies | This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 347 | PRO | 6 | 19 | r9n1 | 0 | discord | See how you translated this in [Proverbs 6:14](../06/14.md). | ||
| 348 | PRO | 6 | 19 | avm1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | one who sows discord | This figure of speech is using “sows” to refer to causing or bringing about discord. Alternate translation: “a person who causes discord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 349 | PRO | 6 | 20 | e5gm | figs-parallelism | 0 | obey the command of your father…do not forsake the teaching of your mother | These two phrases on the one hand mean the same thing. On the other hand, the repeated emphasis on both “father” and “mother” explicitly includes women in the whole teaching-learning process. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 350 | PRO | 6 | 20 | u11d | figs-litotes | 0 | do not forsake the teaching of your mother | This figure of speech is using the negative “forsake” to mean the positive “obey.” Alternate translation: “obey the teaching of your mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 351 | PRO | 6 | 21 | qz2z | figs-metaphor | 0 | bind them on your heart; tie them about your neck | These two phrases mean basically the same thing. They describe the commands and instructions as if they are written down so that you can put it in or on your body to remind yourself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 352 | PRO | 6 | 21 | b76k | 0 | bind them on your heart | “love them” or “think about them” | ||
| 353 | PRO | 6 | 22 | r61q | figs-parallelism | 0 | When you walk…when you sleep…when you wake up | These three phrases are used together to emphasize that the lessons are valuable all the time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 354 | PRO | 6 | 22 | hw2r | figs-parallelism | 0 | they will guide you…they will watch over you…they will teach you | The repetition of these phrases is to show that the lessons are valuable for all sorts of things. It also speaks of those lessons as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 355 | PRO | 6 | 23 | u5p1 | figs-parallelism | 0 | the commands…the teaching…the corrections that come by instruction | These three phrases mean basically the same thing, and together they show the various types of lessons a father and a mother teach. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 356 | PRO | 6 | 23 | s8lq | figs-metaphor | 0 | a lamp…a light…the way of life | All three of these mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the fact that the lessons make life better and easier. Alternate translation: “as useful as a lamp…as helpful as light in the darkness…as necessary to follow as the way of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 357 | PRO | 6 | 23 | n5j2 | 0 | the way of life | “the way that leads to life” or “the way of living that God approves of” | ||
| 358 | PRO | 6 | 24 | p7az | figs-123person | 0 | It keeps you from | Here the word “it” refers to the lessons taught by the father and mother in [Proverbs 6:20](../06/20.md). Alternate translation: “It saves you from” or “It protects you from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
| 359 | PRO | 6 | 24 | sjp3 | 0 | the immoral woman…an immoral woman | These two words mean basically the same thing. See how you translated the word “adulteress” in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md). | ||
| 360 | PRO | 6 | 24 | sw14 | 0 | immoral | “morally evil” | ||
| 361 | PRO | 6 | 25 | ty32 | figs-metaphor | 0 | do not let her capture you with her eyelashes | The writer speaks of the woman’s eyelashes as if they were a trap into which the young man could fall. They are a synecdoche for her beauty and a metonym for the way the woman looks at the young man to make her want her. Alternate translation: “do not allow her to gain control over you by being beautiful and by the way she looks at you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 362 | PRO | 6 | 25 | rx3p | figs-metonymy | 0 | in your heart | Here “heart” represents the mind. Alternate translation: “in your thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 363 | PRO | 6 | 25 | m7d2 | figs-metonymy | 0 | her beauty | “what is beautiful about her.” This can also be a metonym for the woman. Alternate translation: “her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 364 | PRO | 6 | 25 | f4km | 0 | capture you | “gain control over you” | ||
| 365 | PRO | 6 | 25 | vnr8 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | her eyelashes | The “eyelashes” stand for the beautiful things about her body that she uses to catch a man’s attention. Alternate translation: “her beautiful eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 366 | PRO | 6 | 26 | p3jv | 0 | the price of a loaf of bread | This is talking about the material cost, not the spiritual cost or the moral cost. Alternate translation: “a little bit” | ||
| 367 | PRO | 6 | 26 | k5fu | 0 | may cost you your very life | Possible meanings are 1) the wife of another man will destroy your life because she always wants more or 2) the husband of the other woman will hunt you down and kill you. | ||
| 368 | PRO | 6 | 27 | gzh2 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Can a man carry a fire against his chest without burning his clothes? | This action would be very dangerous and would cause harm. The implied answer to the question is “no.” Alternate translation: “Every man who carries a fire in his chest will burn his clothes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 369 | PRO | 6 | 27 | sew8 | 0 | without burning | “without destroying” or “and not destroy” | ||
| 370 | PRO | 6 | 27 | pt18 | figs-metonymy | 0 | his clothes | His clothes stand for him as a whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 371 | PRO | 6 | 28 | r98z | figs-rquestion | 0 | Can a man walk on hot coals without scorching his feet? | Walking on hot coals will scorch a person’s feet, so the implied answer is “no.” Alternate translation: “Every man who walks on hot coals will have scorched feet.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 372 | PRO | 6 | 28 | tw8h | figs-metaphor | 0 | walk on hot coals | This stands for committing adultery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 373 | PRO | 6 | 28 | fy6m | 0 | walk | That is to slowly walk a long distance, without using tricks or magic. | ||
| 374 | PRO | 6 | 28 | kf2l | 0 | scorching | “burning” | ||
| 375 | PRO | 6 | 29 | gh7k | figs-euphemism | 0 | the man who goes in to his neighbor’s wife | This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “the man who has sexual relations with his neighbor’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
| 376 | PRO | 6 | 30 | fwq5 | 0 | despise a thief | “do not regard a thief with contempt” or “do not think a thief is evil” | ||
| 377 | PRO | 6 | 31 | n1t7 | figs-activepassive | 0 | if he is caught | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if someone catches him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 378 | PRO | 6 | 31 | b9ns | figs-idiom | 0 | in his house | This figure of speech is saying that everything in his house is all that he owns. Alternate translation: “that he owns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 379 | PRO | 6 | 32 | s8mh | 0 | The one | “The person” or “The man” | ||
| 380 | PRO | 6 | 33 | m2lu | 0 | what he deserves | “the appropriate punishment for what he has done” | ||
| 381 | PRO | 6 | 33 | t99k | figs-metonymy | 0 | his disgrace | This figure of speech is using the term “disgrace” to refer to the feeling of him acting shamefully. Alternate translation: “the memory of his shameful act” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 382 | PRO | 6 | 33 | c8nh | figs-litotes | 0 | will not be wiped away | This figure of speech is using the negative “will not be wiped away” to refer to it always being there. Alternate translation: “will always remain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 383 | PRO | 6 | 34 | lyk4 | 0 | furious | very angry | ||
| 384 | PRO | 6 | 34 | qsy2 | figs-litotes | 0 | he will show no mercy | The “he” is the neighbor whose wife has committed adultery with another man. Alternate translation: “he will not limit the pain he will cause you” or “he will hurt you as much as he can” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 385 | PRO | 6 | 34 | rc71 | 0 | when he takes his revenge | “in the moment of his revenge” or “when the moment arrives when he can take his revenge” | ||
| 386 | PRO | 6 | 34 | tk3n | 0 | takes his revenge | If a person takes revenge, it is to cause hurt to the person who hurt him first. | ||
| 387 | PRO | 6 | 35 | b2ym | 0 | compensation | payment by one who does wrong to the person to whom he has done wrong | ||
| 388 | PRO | 6 | 35 | fly2 | figs-activepassive | 0 | he cannot be bought off | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you cannot pay him enough money to change his mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 389 | PRO | 6 | 35 | pc8x | 0 | off, though | “off. This will be true even if” | ||
| 390 | PRO | 7 | intro | pk5f | 0 | # Proverbs 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 7 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Parallelism<br><br>Proverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])<br><br>Many of the proverbs are stated as promises or commands, but they are intended to be advice.<br><br>### My Son<br><br>Occasionally the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males, but is still given in the context of a father warning his son.<br><br>### Adulteress<br><br>This chapter continues the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. | |||
| 391 | PRO | 7 | 1 | at6w | figs-metaphor | 0 | keep my words | Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: “obey my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 392 | PRO | 7 | 1 | k635 | figs-metaphor | 0 | store up my commands within yourself | Here God’s commands are spoken of as if they were objects that someone could put into a storeroom. Alternate translation: “memorize my commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 393 | PRO | 7 | 2 | a8m4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | keep my instruction | Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: “obey my instructions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 394 | PRO | 7 | 2 | xfb2 | figs-idiom | 0 | as the apple of your eye | The apple of the eye is the pupil inside the eye, which people normally instinctively protect when an object flies at their face. Here “the apple of the eye” represents whatever a person values and protects the most. Alternate translation: “as your most valuable possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 395 | PRO | 7 | 3 | g5jv | figs-metaphor | 0 | Tie them on your fingers | Possible meanings are 1) that the writer wanted his son to engrave certain commands from God on a ring and wear it, or 2) that the writer wanted his son to always remember God’s commands, as if he always wore a certain ring. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 396 | PRO | 7 | 3 | c4yy | figs-metaphor | 0 | write them on the tablet of your heart | Here the heart represents a person’s mind, and remembering something well is spoken of as if the person were writing it on a stone tablet. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:3](../03/03.md). Alternate translation: “remember my commands well as if you were writing them in stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 397 | PRO | 7 | 4 | jn44 | figs-personification | 0 | Say to wisdom, “You are my sister | Here wisdom is spoken of as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “Value wisdom as you would love your sister” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 398 | PRO | 7 | 4 | z4x8 | figs-personification | 0 | call understanding your kinsman | Here the quality of understanding is spoken of as if it were a kinsman or relative. Alternate translation: “treat understanding as you would treat your kinsman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 399 | PRO | 7 | 4 | j17k | 0 | kinsman | “relative” or “family member” | ||
| 400 | PRO | 7 | 5 | xkl2 | 0 | the adulterous woman | This refers to any woman to whom a man is not married. Alternate translation: “the woman whom you should have nothing to do with” | ||
| 401 | PRO | 7 | 5 | y9gh | 0 | the immoral woman | This refers to any woman who is not known to a man. | ||
| 402 | PRO | 7 | 5 | s251 | 0 | with her smooth words | Words intended to deceive are spoken of as if they were smooth objects. Alternate translation: “who says pleasant things, but wants to deceive you” | ||
| 403 | PRO | 7 | 6 | v7n1 | 0 | lattice | a covering over a window made of thin strips of wood that cross one another in a slanted pattern that forms square-shaped openings in the pattern | ||
| 404 | PRO | 7 | 7 | ie51 | 0 | naive | inexperienced or immature | ||
| 405 | PRO | 7 | 8 | i1kl | 0 | her corner | Here “her” refers to any female stranger, as referred to in [Proverbs 7:5](../07/05.md). She was standing at a certain corner, waiting for a suitable man to pass by. Alternate translation: “the corner where a female stranger was standing” | ||
| 406 | PRO | 7 | 8 | v7v4 | 0 | corner | This refers to where two roads meet. | ||
| 407 | PRO | 7 | 9 | zn5n | 0 | twilight | the time of day when it is getting darker and about to become night | ||
| 408 | PRO | 7 | 10 | bu68 | figs-metaphor | 0 | with a false heart | Here “heart” represents intentions or plans. Alternate translation: “she planned to deceive someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 409 | PRO | 7 | 11 | vkd8 | 0 | She was loud and wayward | “She talked loudly and acted in the ways she wished to” | ||
| 410 | PRO | 7 | 11 | es4s | figs-synecdoche | 0 | her feet did not stay at home | The phrase “her feet” represent the woman. Alternate translation: “she did not stay at home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 411 | PRO | 7 | 12 | h64f | figs-metaphor | 0 | she waited in ambush | Here the woman is spoken of as if she were preparing to physically trap a person or an animal. Also, the idea of trapping someone here represents persuading someone to commit sin. Alternate translation: “she waited to trap someone” or “she waited to find someone she could persuade to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 412 | PRO | 7 | 13 | l1ic | 0 | she | the woman who was introduced in [Proverbs 7:10](./10.md) | ||
| 413 | PRO | 7 | 13 | sa2m | 0 | grabbed him | “took hold of him firmly” | ||
| 414 | PRO | 7 | 13 | vef7 | figs-idiom | 0 | with a strong face | Here “strong” represents “stubborn.” A “strong face” means a stubborn expression on a person’s face. This implies that the woman is acting in a stubborn way, that she is deliberately doing what she knows is wrong. Alternate translation: “with a shameless expression on her face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 415 | PRO | 7 | 14 | ei2g | figs-metonymy | 0 | I paid my vows | Here “vows” represents what the person promised to sacrifice to God. Alternate translation: “I made the sacrifices I promised to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 416 | PRO | 7 | 15 | fys2 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | seek your face | Here “face” represents the person and especially the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “look for you” or “find out where you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 417 | PRO | 7 | 17 | g7k4 | 0 | sprinkled my bed with | “scattered on my bed” | ||
| 418 | PRO | 7 | 17 | ibk7 | 0 | aloes | A type of wood from a tree that smells good. | ||
| 419 | PRO | 7 | 17 | q1mx | 0 | cinnamon | This is a spice made from the bark of a tree that smells and tastes good. | ||
| 420 | PRO | 7 | 18 | h91x | figs-metaphor | 0 | let us drink our fill of love | Here the pleasures of romantic love are spoken of as if they were something good to drink. Alternate translation: “let us make love to each other as much as we want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 421 | PRO | 7 | 19 | vc42 | 0 | is not at his house | “is not at home” | ||
| 422 | PRO | 7 | 20 | zw96 | 0 | full moon | The moon is said to be full when it is a perfectly round disk, shining at its brightest. | ||
| 423 | PRO | 7 | 21 | ptg3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | she turned him | To persuade someone to act in a certain way is spoken of as if it were changing the direction that person was walking. Alternate translation: “she persuaded him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 424 | PRO | 7 | 21 | ev91 | 0 | her…she…him | The female is the married woman who wants to sleep with “him,” the young man. | ||
| 425 | PRO | 7 | 21 | l3nt | figs-metonymy | 0 | smooth lips | Here “lips” represents what a person says. When a person flatters someone else by saying things that are not sincere, these words are spoken of as if they were a smooth object. Alternate translation: “flattering, deceiving words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 426 | PRO | 7 | 21 | c6k6 | 0 | she misled him | “she persuaded him to do something evil” Alternate translation: “she convinced him to sin with her” | ||
| 427 | PRO | 7 | 22 | rvi9 | figs-explicit | 0 | He went after her suddenly | This seems to imply that the young man took very little time to think about what he should do. Alternate translation: “He quickly decided to go after her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 428 | PRO | 7 | 22 | tal5 | figs-simile | 0 | like an ox going to slaughter…a deer caught in a trap | The naive and unsuspecting way the young man follows the adulteress is compared to the way two animals are unaware of the danger they are in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 429 | PRO | 7 | 22 | pk4m | 0 | slaughter | This refers to killing an animal in order to eat its meat. | ||
| 430 | PRO | 7 | 22 | qrn6 | 0 | deer | See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 5:19](../05/19.md). | ||
| 431 | PRO | 7 | 23 | r6zr | figs-simile | 0 | like a bird rushing into a snare | The naive and unsuspecting way the young man follows the adulteress is compared to the way an animal is unaware of the danger he is in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 432 | PRO | 7 | 23 | t5u4 | figs-explicit | 0 | until an arrow pierces through its liver | This passage implies that a hunter has trapped the deer in order to shoot it with arrows. Alternate translation: “until a hunter shoots it in its most important part” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 433 | PRO | 7 | 23 | i4e6 | 0 | liver | Here this organ represents a very important part of the deer’s body. | ||
| 434 | PRO | 7 | 23 | zvp5 | figs-idiom | 0 | it would cost his life | This is a way of saying that this person will die as a result. Alternate translation: “it would kill him” or “he would die soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 435 | PRO | 7 | 24 | wen3 | 0 | Now | This is to focus the attention of the speaker’s sons on the conclusion of this lesson. | ||
| 436 | PRO | 7 | 25 | gk8c | figs-metaphor | 0 | May your heart not turn aside onto her paths | Here “ways” means the paths that a person chooses to walk on. It represents the person’s behavior, the things that he decides to do in life. Alternate translation: “Make your heart stay far away from the ways of the adulterous woman” or “Do not let your heart want to do the things that the adulterous woman does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 437 | PRO | 7 | 25 | wm1h | figs-synecdoche | 0 | your heart | Here “heart” represents a person, emphasizing his desires. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 438 | PRO | 7 | 25 | l3s9 | figs-parallelism | 0 | do not be led astray onto her paths | This means the same as the sentence before it. It strengthens the first warning. Alternate translation: “do not leave the right path in order to go on her paths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 439 | PRO | 7 | 26 | xx9k | figs-metonymy | 0 | She has caused many people to fall down pierced | Being pierced by spears or arrows represents being killed. Alternate translation: “She has caused many people to fall dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 440 | PRO | 7 | 27 | g21s | 0 | Her house is on the paths to Sheol…they go down | Here “paths” represents the kinds of behavior that foolish people participate in. Sheol was the name for the world of the dead. | ||
| 441 | PRO | 7 | 27 | ry42 | figs-parallelism | 0 | on the paths to Sheol…down to the dark bedrooms of death | These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that the woman’s victims will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 442 | PRO | 7 | 27 | prr1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the dark bedrooms of death | This expression pictures the dead as sleeping in many different rooms in Sheol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 443 | PRO | 8 | intro | z8jj | 0 | # Proverbs 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 8 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. These chapters operate more as a unit then many of the following chapters in this book.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Wisdom calls out<br><br>The addressee of this chapter is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters’ use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her, in contrast to the adulteress mentioned in chapters 5-7. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br> | |||
| 444 | PRO | 8 | 1 | qsc7 | figs-personification | 0 | General Information: | In chapter 8 wisdom is spoken of as a woman who teaches people how to be wise. Many verses in chapter 8 have parallelisms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 445 | PRO | 8 | 1 | v9h5 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Does not Wisdom call out? | This question is used to remind the readers of something they should already know. Alternate translation: “Wisdom calls out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 446 | PRO | 8 | 1 | i9hu | figs-personification | 0 | Does not Wisdom call out? | Here wisdom is imagined as a woman. If a language does not allow this kind of metaphor, other possible translations are: 1) “Is not wisdom like a woman who calls out?” 2) “Does not a woman named Wisdom call out?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 447 | PRO | 8 | 1 | pt6p | figs-rquestion | 0 | Does not Understanding raise her voice? | Here “Understanding” means the same as “Wisdom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 448 | PRO | 8 | 1 | k4ug | 0 | raise her voice | “speak” | ||
| 449 | PRO | 8 | 3 | z73y | 0 | the gates at the entrance into the city | In ancient times, cities usually had outer walls with gates in them. | ||
| 450 | PRO | 8 | 3 | nkc9 | figs-personification | 0 | she calls out | This continues to refer to Wisdom, personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 451 | PRO | 8 | 4 | gv2w | 0 | General Information: | Wisdom speaks to the people in verses 4-36. | ||
| 452 | PRO | 8 | 4 | jxm5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | my voice is for the sons of mankind | Here “voice” represents the words that are spoken. Alternate translation: “my words are for the sons of mankind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 453 | PRO | 8 | 4 | j5l1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the sons of mankind | This is metonymy representing all human beings. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 454 | PRO | 8 | 5 | er9q | 0 | naive | inexperienced or immature | ||
| 455 | PRO | 8 | 5 | t3h2 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | learn wisdom | The abstract word “wisdom’ refers to what a wise person believes and to the way in which he acts. Alternate translation: “learn how a wise person acts” or “learn what it means to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 456 | PRO | 8 | 5 | bg5r | 0 | you must get an understanding mind | “you must begin to understand things with your mind” | ||
| 457 | PRO | 8 | 6 | uv73 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | when my lips open | Here “lips” represents a person’s mouth, with which he speaks. Alternate translation: “when I open my mouth to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 458 | PRO | 8 | 6 | a3zk | 0 | upright | proper or just | ||
| 459 | PRO | 8 | 7 | s9bj | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my mouth speaks | Here “mouth” represents a person who speaks. Alternate translation: “I speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 460 | PRO | 8 | 7 | f6mp | 0 | what is trustworthy | “what people should believe” | ||
| 461 | PRO | 8 | 7 | juy2 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | wickedness is disgusting to my lips | Here “lips” represents a person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “wickedness is disgusting to me” or “saying wicked things would be disgusting to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 462 | PRO | 8 | 7 | hz9e | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | wickedness | Here the abstract noun “wickedness” represents wicked speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 463 | PRO | 8 | 8 | am3k | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the words of my mouth | The “mouth” stands for the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “The things I teach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 464 | PRO | 8 | 8 | btx5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | nothing twisted | Twisting a message is a metaphor for changing a true message into a false one. Alternate translation: “nothing false” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 465 | PRO | 8 | 9 | nn5r | 0 | straight | honest and clear | ||
| 466 | PRO | 8 | 9 | jyh4 | figs-metonymy | 0 | my words are upright for those who find knowledge | This probably means that those who find knowledge will easily understand that the speaker’s words are upright. Here “words” represent a message or teaching. Alternate translation: “those who know what is right and what is wrong consider what I teach to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 467 | PRO | 8 | 9 | f1c2 | 0 | upright | true and honest | ||
| 468 | PRO | 8 | 10 | w8ks | 0 | Acquire my instruction rather than silver | “You should try much harder to understand my instructions than to get silver” | ||
| 469 | PRO | 8 | 11 | wl6p | figs-quotations | 0 | For Wisdom is better than jewels; no treasure is equal to her | Here Wisdom, personified as a woman, is not speaking. However, it is possible to make Wisdom the speaker here as well. Alternate translation: “For I, Wisdom, am better than jewels; no treasure is equal to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 470 | PRO | 8 | 12 | mj24 | figs-personification | 0 | I, Wisdom, live with Prudence | Prudence is also represented here as a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 471 | PRO | 8 | 12 | b8xj | 0 | Prudence | caution or good judgment | ||
| 472 | PRO | 8 | 12 | jk94 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | I possess knowledge and discretion | The abstract ideas “knowledge” and “discrete” can be expressed in other ways. Alternate translation: “I am knowledgeable and discreet” or “I know many things, and I am careful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 473 | PRO | 8 | 12 | xcu8 | 0 | discretion | being careful about what we say and do; being cautious not to cause hurt or harm to others | ||
| 474 | PRO | 8 | 13 | rf21 | 0 | perverted speech | “wicked talk” | ||
| 475 | PRO | 8 | 13 | gp8g | 0 | perverted | turned from what is right | ||
| 476 | PRO | 8 | 14 | cnc2 | 0 | good advice | “wise suggestions” | ||
| 477 | PRO | 8 | 14 | guc9 | 0 | advice | counsel that is given to help someone | ||
| 478 | PRO | 8 | 14 | sne9 | 0 | sound | good, reliable | ||
| 479 | PRO | 8 | 14 | w3ju | figs-personification | 0 | I am insight | Here Wisdom is spoken of as if she were insight. Alternate translation: “I have insight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 480 | PRO | 8 | 16 | hg7e | 0 | nobles | noblemen, leading members of important families in the nation | ||
| 481 | PRO | 8 | 17 | xz9h | 0 | love | This refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives. | ||
| 482 | PRO | 8 | 17 | e3jr | 0 | diligently | with careful and continued effort | ||
| 483 | PRO | 8 | 18 | k7hf | 0 | With me are riches and honor | “I have riches and honor” | ||
| 484 | PRO | 8 | 18 | a275 | writing-connectingwords | 0 | lasting wealth and righteousness | This explains what is meant by “riches and honor.” This can be made clear with the connecting statement “therefore.” Alternate translation: “therefore, I will give lasting wealth and righteousness to those who find me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) | |
| 485 | PRO | 8 | 18 | q481 | 0 | righteousness | “the ability to live in a right way” | ||
| 486 | PRO | 8 | 19 | eyc2 | 0 | My fruit | what wisdom produces or causes | ||
| 487 | PRO | 8 | 19 | rqy3 | 0 | my produce | the benefit or gain that wisdom causes | ||
| 488 | PRO | 8 | 20 | tks1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I walk in the path of righteousness | Living the right way is spoken of as walking on the right road. Alternate translation: “I live right” or “I do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 489 | PRO | 8 | 20 | rg74 | figs-metaphor | 0 | in the midst of the paths of justice | This tells more of what is meant by “the path of righteousness.” Alternate translation: “I do what is perfectly just” or “I only do what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 490 | PRO | 8 | 21 | mg4q | figs-metaphor | 0 | treasuries | storehouses for valuable things. Wisdom is spoken of as a woman who fills the storehouses of her followers with valuable things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 491 | PRO | 8 | 22 | xu3p | 0 | the first of his deeds then | “I was the first of the things he created then” | ||
| 492 | PRO | 8 | 23 | mh2d | 0 | In ages long ago | “Very long ago” | ||
| 493 | PRO | 8 | 23 | v4tq | 0 | ages | The word “age” refers to a general, extended period of time. | ||
| 494 | PRO | 8 | 23 | mth7 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | from the beginnings of the earth | The idea of beginnings can be translated in a less abstract way. Alternate translation: “from when God created the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 495 | PRO | 8 | 24 | ii7e | figs-personification | 0 | General Information: | Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 496 | PRO | 8 | 25 | u2m1 | figs-activepassive | 0 | Before the mountains were settled | “Before the bases of the mountains were put into place.” This can also be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Before God made the foundations of the mountains and put them into their proper places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 497 | PRO | 8 | 26 | z5y4 | figs-personification | 0 | I was born | This is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 498 | PRO | 8 | 26 | asn5 | 0 | was born | “I was alive” | ||
| 499 | PRO | 8 | 27 | nk15 | figs-personification | 0 | I was there | This is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 500 | PRO | 8 | 27 | z8lx | 0 | established | To establish something is to bring into being on a stable basis. Alternate translation: “created” or “made” | ||
| 501 | PRO | 8 | 27 | b5db | figs-explicit | 0 | when he drew a circle on the surface of the deep | This refers to setting a limit to how far someone in a ship at sea can see all around himself. Alternate translation: “when he marked on the ocean’s surface how far a person at sea can see in every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 502 | PRO | 8 | 27 | ae6e | 0 | the deep | “the ocean” | ||
| 503 | PRO | 8 | 28 | q6zz | figs-personification | 0 | General Information: | Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 504 | PRO | 8 | 28 | wnj8 | 0 | established | brought into permanent being | ||
| 505 | PRO | 8 | 28 | z2v2 | figs-activepassive | 0 | when the springs in the deep became fixed | This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “when God fixed the springs in the deep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 506 | PRO | 8 | 28 | zv8f | 0 | the springs in the deep | The ancient Hebrews thought that the ocean got its water from springs at the bottom of the sea. | ||
| 507 | PRO | 8 | 29 | pd76 | 0 | when he made his limit for the sea | “when he created the shorelines for the oceans. The “limit for the sea” divided the oceans from the dry land. | ||
| 508 | PRO | 8 | 29 | vk7f | 0 | when there was set the limit for the foundations of the dry land | The Hebrew word for “earth” also often means “land.” | ||
| 509 | PRO | 8 | 29 | f3j9 | figs-activepassive | 0 | when there was set the limit for the foundations of the dry land | This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “when God set the limit for the foundations of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 510 | PRO | 8 | 30 | ph2f | figs-personification | 0 | I was beside him | This is still wisdom speaking. Wisdom now says she was right next to Yahweh, implying that she was his assistant in creating the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 511 | PRO | 8 | 30 | ky7x | 0 | skilled craftsman | This is a person who has trained for years to make useful things very well, like furniture or houses. | ||
| 512 | PRO | 8 | 30 | k4ct | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | I was his delight | “I was what made him happy.” The word “delight” is an abstract noun that can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he was happy because of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 513 | PRO | 8 | 30 | a22n | figs-idiom | 0 | day after day | This is a way to express the idea of a habitual action or of a continuous condition. Alternate translation: “continually” or “the whole time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 514 | PRO | 8 | 31 | pw91 | 0 | his whole world | “the whole world he created” or “everything he created” | ||
| 515 | PRO | 8 | 31 | wnq9 | figs-idiom | 0 | the sons of mankind | This refers to human beings in general. Alternate translation: “the people he brought into existence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 516 | PRO | 8 | 32 | ly1a | 0 | Now | This is to focus the attention of the children to the conclusion of this lesson. | ||
| 517 | PRO | 8 | 32 | hwt3 | figs-personification | 0 | listen to me | This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 518 | PRO | 8 | 32 | m6ib | figs-metaphor | 0 | those who keep my ways | Here “my ways” represents wisdom’s behavior. Alternate translation: “those who do what I teach” or “the people who follow my example” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 519 | PRO | 8 | 33 | ky6l | figs-litotes | 0 | do not neglect | “do not disregard” Alternate translation: “be sure to pay attention to” or “be sure to follow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 520 | PRO | 8 | 34 | i55j | figs-parallelism | 0 | watching every day at my doors, waiting beside the posts of my doors | These two phrases basically mean the same thing. Wisdom is described as having a home; possible meanings of “watching” are 1) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s home in the morning in order to serve her, or 2) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s house for her to come and teach him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 521 | PRO | 8 | 35 | z6lm | figs-personification | 0 | finds me | This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 522 | PRO | 8 | 36 | hfn9 | figs-personification | 0 | hate me | This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 523 | PRO | 8 | 36 | yl6t | figs-explicit | 0 | he who fails | The complete thought is, “he who fails to find me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 524 | PRO | 8 | 36 | w73k | figs-metonymy | 0 | his own life | Here “life” represents the person’s self. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 525 | PRO | 9 | intro | y75r | 0 | # Proverbs 09 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 9 concludes a collection of proverbs that operate as a unit about wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Wisdom calls out<br><br>The addressee of chapters 8 and 9 is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters’ use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her.<br> | |||
| 526 | PRO | 9 | 1 | m12a | figs-personification | 0 | General Information: | These verses begin a parable in which wisdom is imagined to be a woman who is giving good advice to people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 527 | PRO | 9 | 1 | s64d | figs-personification | 0 | Wisdom has built | The writer speaks about wisdom as if it were a woman who has built her own house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 528 | PRO | 9 | 2 | x5sw | figs-metonymy | 0 | She has slaughtered her animals | This refers to animals whose meat will be eaten in the dinner that Wisdom will give. Alternate translation: “She has killed the animals for meat at dinner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 529 | PRO | 9 | 2 | ywr6 | figs-explicit | 0 | mixed her wine | In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. Alternate translation: “prepared her wine by mixing it with water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 530 | PRO | 9 | 2 | h2zm | 0 | she has set her table | “she has prepared her table” | ||
| 531 | PRO | 9 | 3 | p6e2 | figs-personification | 0 | General Information: | These verses begin to give the message of Wisdom, who is personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 532 | PRO | 9 | 3 | akl3 | 0 | She has sent out her maids | These maids went out and invited people to come to the feast that Wisdom had prepared. | ||
| 533 | PRO | 9 | 3 | ugn5 | 0 | her maids | Young women or girls who are in the service of a respectable, adult woman, such as Wisdom. | ||
| 534 | PRO | 9 | 3 | n6ha | 0 | she calls out | “she proclaims” or “she summons” Alternate translation: “she loudly recites her invitation” | ||
| 535 | PRO | 9 | 3 | x798 | 0 | the highest points of the city | The invitation is shouted from the highest points so that it will be best heard by all the people. | ||
| 536 | PRO | 9 | 4 | h6sj | 0 | Who is naive? Let…the one lacking good sense | These two phrases describe the same group of people, those who need more wisdom in their lives. Here the question is addressed to all such people. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is naive, let…anyone lacking good sense” | ||
| 537 | PRO | 9 | 4 | dj7m | 0 | is naive | “is inexperienced or immature” | ||
| 538 | PRO | 9 | 4 | s4da | 0 | turn aside here | “leave his path and come into my house” | ||
| 539 | PRO | 9 | 5 | h6ck | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the message of Wisdom. | ||
| 540 | PRO | 9 | 5 | n3eu | figs-you | 0 | Come…eat…drink | All of these commands are plural; Wisdom is addressing many people at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 541 | PRO | 9 | 5 | stm9 | figs-explicit | 0 | the wine I have mixed | In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. Alternate translation: “prepared her wine by mixing it with water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 542 | PRO | 9 | 6 | b9ma | figs-you | 0 | Leave…live…walk | All of these commands are plural; Wisdom is addressing many people at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 543 | PRO | 9 | 6 | ejw3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Leave your naive actions | Here naive actions are spoken of as if they were a place that a person could leave. Alternate translation: “Stop your naive behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 544 | PRO | 9 | 6 | f53k | 0 | naive actions | “inexperienced, immature actions” | ||
| 545 | PRO | 9 | 6 | lpn8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the path of understanding | Here the process of understanding wisdom is spoken of as if it were a path that a person could follow. Alternate translation: “the manner of living that a wise person has” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 546 | PRO | 9 | 7 | x5sc | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the message of Wisdom. | ||
| 547 | PRO | 9 | 7 | vif7 | figs-parallelism | 0 | Whoever disciplines…whoever rebukes | These two phrases basically say the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 548 | PRO | 9 | 7 | kjm2 | 0 | a mocker | Someone who habitually mocks people. Alternate translation: “someone who says insulting things about other people” or “someone who likes to make other people look bad” | ||
| 549 | PRO | 9 | 7 | m22a | 0 | receives abuse | “receives harsh treatment” | ||
| 550 | PRO | 9 | 7 | g88g | 0 | whoever rebukes | “whoever corrects” | ||
| 551 | PRO | 9 | 8 | fpc4 | 0 | Do not reprove | “Do not correct” | ||
| 552 | PRO | 9 | 9 | c8r2 | 0 | Give to a wise person, and he…teach a righteous person, and he | These two commands actually represent conditional statements. Alternate translation: “If you give to a wise person, he…if you teach a righteous person, he” | ||
| 553 | PRO | 9 | 9 | y95j | figs-parallelism | 0 | Give to a wise person…teach a righteous person | These two phrases basically say the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 554 | PRO | 9 | 9 | n1f2 | figs-explicit | 0 | Give to a wise person | This refers to giving instruction to a wise person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 555 | PRO | 9 | 10 | s7rg | 0 | General Information: | These verses finish the message of Wisdom. | ||
| 556 | PRO | 9 | 10 | l6yl | 0 | The fear of Yahweh | See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md). | ||
| 557 | PRO | 9 | 11 | uv8i | figs-activepassive | 0 | through me your days will be multiplied | This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “I will multiply your days” or “I will cause you to live many more days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 558 | PRO | 9 | 11 | wpx5 | figs-personification | 0 | through me | Wisdom, personified as a woman, continues to speak here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 559 | PRO | 9 | 11 | rk9c | figs-parallelism | 0 | your days will be multiplied, and years of life will be added to you | These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are used to emphasize the great benefits wisdom has. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 560 | PRO | 9 | 11 | u5qf | figs-metaphor | 0 | years of life will be added to you | Wisdom speaks of years of life as if they were physical objects. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will add years of life to you” or “I will add years to your life” or “I will enable you to live longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 561 | PRO | 9 | 12 | z3ez | 0 | If you are wise…and if you mock | These two statements seem to mean that wise people gain advantages for themselves because of their wisdom, and mockers suffer because of their behavior. | ||
| 562 | PRO | 9 | 12 | zei6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | you will carry it | This speaks of the consequence of one’s bad behavior as if it were a heavy load that one had to carry on his back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 563 | PRO | 9 | 13 | q38d | figs-personification | 0 | General Information: | These verses begin to describe foolishness, which is also personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 564 | PRO | 9 | 13 | ix9a | figs-personification | 0 | The woman of foolishness | It is possible to translate “foolishness” as a description such as “A foolish woman.” However, if a language allows wisdom to be personified, as in the previous part of this chapter, it may also allow foolishness to be personified. Alternate translation: “The woman Foolishness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 565 | PRO | 9 | 13 | lbv9 | figs-parallelism | 0 | she is untaught and knows nothing | These two expressions basically mean the same thing, which is repeated to show how useless the foolish woman is. Alternate translation: “she does not know anything at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 566 | PRO | 9 | 13 | tk38 | 0 | she is untaught | “she has not learned from experience” or “she is young and naive” | ||
| 567 | PRO | 9 | 15 | cqd1 | figs-idiom | 0 | walking straight on their way | This seems to be an idiom for “thinking only of their own affairs” or “minding their own business.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 568 | PRO | 9 | 16 | ck1n | 0 | is naive | “is inexperienced or immature” | ||
| 569 | PRO | 9 | 16 | rs92 | 0 | turn aside here | “leave his path and come here” | ||
| 570 | PRO | 9 | 16 | zyq4 | 0 | she says | This is the foolish woman who was introduced in [Proverbs 9:13](./13.md). | ||
| 571 | PRO | 9 | 16 | lfx9 | 0 | those who have no sense | “those who do not have wisdom” or “those who are not wise” | ||
| 572 | PRO | 9 | 17 | jsi6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Stolen waters are sweet, and bread of secrecy is delicious | The foolish woman speaks of the pleasure of stolen waters and bread of secrecy to tell men that if they sleep with her, they will have pleasure. This can be stated clearly in a simile: “You can enjoy me just as you enjoy water that you have stolen or bread that is secret” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 573 | PRO | 9 | 18 | kg4h | 0 | that the dead are there | “that the men who have gone to her are now dead” | ||
| 574 | PRO | 9 | 18 | k1fh | 0 | in the depths of Sheol | “Sheol” refers to the world of the dead. | ||
| 575 | PRO | 10 | intro | fhy5 | 0 | # Proverbs 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 10 starts a new section of the book, which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, and wicked/righteous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br> | |||
| 576 | PRO | 10 | 1 | i2yb | figs-parallelism | 0 | General Information: | Many verses in Chapter 10 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 577 | PRO | 10 | 1 | tab7 | 0 | The proverbs of Solomon | After the introduction of Chapters 1-9, Chapter 10 begins the collection of the proverbs; short sayings that teach wisdom. | ||
| 578 | PRO | 10 | 2 | ffz8 | 0 | accumulated | acquired over time | ||
| 579 | PRO | 10 | 3 | df3m | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Yahweh does not let the soul of the righteous person go hungry | Here “soul” refers to the person. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes sure those who do what is right have food to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 580 | PRO | 10 | 4 | e3ef | figs-metonymy | 0 | A lazy hand | “Hand” represents the strength and ability of a person. Alternate translation: “A person unwilling to work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 581 | PRO | 10 | 4 | yly7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | hand of the diligent | “Hand” represents the strength and ability of a person. Alternate translation: “person who works hard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 582 | PRO | 10 | 6 | k7j2 | figs-idiom | 0 | are upon the head | The “head” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “are given to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 583 | PRO | 10 | 6 | y4mb | figs-metonymy | 0 | mouth of the wicked | The “mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “words the wicked speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 584 | PRO | 10 | 6 | k4dp | 0 | covers up | hides the truth | ||
| 585 | PRO | 10 | 7 | e1w8 | figs-metonymy | 0 | name | The word “name” represents a person’s reputation. Alternate translation: “memory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 586 | PRO | 10 | 8 | e725 | 0 | come to ruin | “be destroyed” or “be made useless” | ||
| 587 | PRO | 10 | 9 | ps6l | 0 | crooked | not straight; deformed; dishonest; deceitful | ||
| 588 | PRO | 10 | 10 | mi1k | translate-symaction | 0 | He who winks the eye | “Winking the eye” represents a secretive sign for being cruel to someone else. Alternate translation: “He who makes a signal with a gesture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
| 589 | PRO | 10 | 10 | p957 | figs-metaphor | 0 | will be thrown down | A person who is ruined is spoken of as if he were thrown down. Alternate translation: “others will ruin him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 590 | PRO | 10 | 11 | f47s | figs-metonymy | 0 | The mouth of the righteous | Here “mouth” represents what a persons says. Alternate translation: “The speech of a righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 591 | PRO | 10 | 11 | tv58 | figs-genericnoun | 0 | the righteous | This refers to righteous people in general. Alternate translation: “righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
| 592 | PRO | 10 | 11 | h2ny | figs-metaphor | 0 | is a water spring of life | This person’s speech is spoken of as if it preserved living animals or people, as a water spring would do in a dry land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 593 | PRO | 10 | 11 | bz8g | figs-metaphor | 0 | the mouth of the wicked covers up violence | That is, the wicked person appears to say harmless things, but plans to violent things against other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 594 | PRO | 10 | 11 | elp1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the mouth of the wicked | Here “mouth” represents what a persons says. Alternate translation: “the speech of a wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 595 | PRO | 10 | 11 | jt58 | figs-genericnoun | 0 | the wicked | This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
| 596 | PRO | 10 | 12 | ph1a | figs-personification | 0 | love covers over | Love acts like a person who quiets trouble between people instead of stirring it up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 597 | PRO | 10 | 13 | n8pk | figs-metonymy | 0 | on the lips of a discerning person | “Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “in what a sensible person says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 598 | PRO | 10 | 13 | ww93 | figs-metonymy | 0 | a rod is for the back | “Rod” represents strong, physical punishment and “the back” represents the person who receives the punishment. Alternate translation: “a person who has no sense needs forceful punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 599 | PRO | 10 | 14 | ej72 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the mouth of a fool | “Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words from a foolish person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 600 | PRO | 10 | 15 | fd3s | figs-metaphor | 0 | his fortified city | This represents wealth as a safe place. Alternate translation: “his safety” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 601 | PRO | 10 | 16 | im19 | figs-metaphor | 0 | The wage…the profit | These terms normally refer to the money a worker earns. Here they represents the results of either doing what is right or doing what is wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 602 | PRO | 10 | 17 | k6n3 | 0 | There is a path to life for the one who follows discipline | “The person who obeys wise instruction will have a long and happy life” | ||
| 603 | PRO | 10 | 17 | st2j | figs-activepassive | 0 | but the one who rejects correction is led astray | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but the one who does not obey wise instruction will not have a good life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 604 | PRO | 10 | 18 | d6bj | figs-metonymy | 0 | has lying lips | “Lips” represent what a person says. Alternate translation: “tells lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 605 | PRO | 10 | 19 | zc3a | figs-litotes | 0 | transgression is not lacking | This phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “there is much sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 606 | PRO | 10 | 20 | h1pz | figs-metonymy | 0 | The tongue of the righteous person | “Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “Whatever a righteous person says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 607 | PRO | 10 | 20 | pvj4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | is pure silver | “Silver” represents valuable sayings. Alternate translation: “is extremely valuable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 608 | PRO | 10 | 21 | h4rr | figs-metonymy | 0 | The lips of the righteous | “Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “The sayings of a righteous man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 609 | PRO | 10 | 21 | kp6k | 0 | nourish | cause them to develop or grow stronger | ||
| 610 | PRO | 10 | 23 | l951 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Wickedness is a game a fool plays | A game is an activity people do for pleasure. Alternate translation: “Fools find pleasure in wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 611 | PRO | 10 | 24 | xai5 | 0 | overtake | overcome someone | ||
| 612 | PRO | 10 | 25 | ci43 | figs-simile | 0 | The wicked are like the storm | Just as storm comes and sweeps everything away so wicked people will disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 613 | PRO | 10 | 25 | v58h | figs-metaphor | 0 | is a foundation that lasts forever | “Foundation” represents the base or a beginning of something that people build over. Alternate translation: “is a start for something that lasts forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 614 | PRO | 10 | 26 | fk5l | figs-simile | 0 | Like vinegar on the teeth and smoke in the eyes, so is the sluggard to those who send him | “Vinegar” and “smoke” represent things that hurt a person’s teeth and eyes. Alternate translation: “Sending a lazy person to accomplish a task is irritating and unpleasant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 615 | PRO | 10 | 26 | i1xh | 0 | vinegar | a sour liquid used to flavor or preserve foods | ||
| 616 | PRO | 10 | 27 | rv8w | figs-metaphor | 0 | the years of the wicked | “Years” represent the time a person lives. Alternate translation: “the lifetime of the evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 617 | PRO | 10 | 28 | pds2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the years of wicked people | Here “years” represent the time a person lives. Alternate translation: “the lifetime of the evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 618 | PRO | 10 | 30 | ub25 | figs-litotes | 0 | will never be overthrown | This can be stated as active and positive: Alternate translation: “will be secure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 619 | PRO | 10 | 31 | f7hy | figs-metonymy | 0 | Out of the mouth of the righteous person | “Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “From the righteous man’s words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 620 | PRO | 10 | 31 | amx2 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the perverse tongue will be cut out | “Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “God will shut the mouths of people who say what is false” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 621 | PRO | 10 | 32 | y79y | figs-metonymy | 0 | lips of the righteous person know what is acceptable | “Lips” represent what a person says. Alternate translation: “righteous person knows how to speak acceptably” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 622 | PRO | 10 | 32 | ay8q | figs-metonymy | 0 | mouth of the wicked | “Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words of the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 623 | PRO | 11 | intro | uk6v | 0 | # Proverbs 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 11 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br> | |||
| 624 | PRO | 11 | 1 | hzq7 | figs-parallelism | 0 | General Information: | Many verses in Chapter 11 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 625 | PRO | 11 | 1 | g3jt | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh hates scales that are not accurate | “Scales” represent measuring accurately in negotiating. Alternate translation: “God hates deceiving scales” or “God hates it when people are deceitful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 626 | PRO | 11 | 1 | pe2q | 0 | but he delights in a precise weight | “Precise weight” represents accuracy in negotiating. Alternate translation: “but he delights in honest ways” or “but he is happy when people are honest” | ||
| 627 | PRO | 11 | 3 | rj24 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the treacherous | This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who are treacherous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 628 | PRO | 11 | 4 | r538 | figs-explicit | 0 | Wealth is worthless on the day of wrath | The “day of wrath” represents a specific event, such as the “day of Yahweh” or “judgment day” or “last days.” Alternate translation: “A person’s wealth will do him no good when God comes to judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 629 | PRO | 11 | 5 | lc4r | 0 | makes his way straight | “has clear direction” | ||
| 630 | PRO | 11 | 5 | vhe9 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the wicked | This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 631 | PRO | 11 | 6 | v49j | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the treacherous | This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are treacherous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 632 | PRO | 11 | 6 | b5vy | 0 | the treacherous are trapped by their cravings | “those who do evil are captured by their passions” | ||
| 633 | PRO | 11 | 6 | rhq7 | 0 | treacherous | ready to betray trust; traitorous; deceptive | ||
| 634 | PRO | 11 | 7 | dz8x | 0 | the hope that was in his strength | “the confidence he has in his own power” | ||
| 635 | PRO | 11 | 7 | zn33 | 0 | comes to nothing | “disappears” | ||
| 636 | PRO | 11 | 8 | z4am | figs-activepassive | 0 | The righteous person is kept away from trouble | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God keeps away from trouble the person who does what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 637 | PRO | 11 | 8 | u873 | 0 | it comes | “trouble comes” | ||
| 638 | PRO | 11 | 9 | r7vl | figs-metonymy | 0 | With his mouth the godless | “Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “The words of the godless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 639 | PRO | 11 | 11 | sim1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the city becomes great | “City” represents the community or people group. Alternate translation: “the people group prospers” or “the community becomes prosperous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 640 | PRO | 11 | 11 | p4sd | figs-metonymy | 0 | by the mouth of the wicked | “Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words of evil people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 641 | PRO | 11 | 13 | en2e | figs-metaphor | 0 | keeps a matter covered | “Covered” represents keeping things concealed as much as possible. Alternate translation: “does not tell” or “does not speak about the matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 642 | PRO | 11 | 14 | a9wq | 0 | advisors | those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors | ||
| 643 | PRO | 11 | 15 | j2ce | 0 | one who hates giving | “one who refuses to give” | ||
| 644 | PRO | 11 | 16 | bvh9 | 0 | ruthless people | people without pity or compassion; cruel people | ||
| 645 | PRO | 11 | 16 | h7rd | 0 | grasp for wealth | “are greedy for wealth” | ||
| 646 | PRO | 11 | 17 | dxp9 | 0 | one who | “a person who” | ||
| 647 | PRO | 11 | 18 | imr8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | sows what is right | To “sow” represents spreading out to gain more. Alternate translation: “spreads out what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 648 | PRO | 11 | 18 | ln8a | figs-metaphor | 0 | reaps the wages of truth | To “reap” represents acquiring or gathering in” Alternate translation: “will surely be rewarded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 649 | PRO | 11 | 19 | ibb6 | 0 | the one who | “the person who” | ||
| 650 | PRO | 11 | 19 | un2d | 0 | pursues evil | “chases after evil” or “seeks to do evil” | ||
| 651 | PRO | 11 | 20 | r5lt | figs-metonymy | 0 | whose hearts are perverse | “Heart” represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. Alternate translation: “who have wicked thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 652 | PRO | 11 | 21 | gh2a | figs-litotes | 0 | will not go unpunished | This phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “will certainly be punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 653 | PRO | 11 | 22 | y2me | figs-simile | 0 | Like a gold ring…without discretion | A beautiful woman without discretion is compared to a useless and unsuitable golden ring in a pig’s nose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 654 | PRO | 11 | 22 | fe2p | 0 | without discretion | “without common sense” or “who is foolish” | ||
| 655 | PRO | 11 | 24 | x29n | figs-metaphor | 0 | There is one who scatters—he will accumulate even more | This is a metaphor for a person who becomes more wealthy by being generous. Alternate translation: “Some people give freely to others and yet become more wealthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 656 | PRO | 11 | 24 | v6x4 | figs-explicit | 0 | one who scatters | You may need to make explicit that the person scatters seeds for crops to grow. Alternate translation: “one who scatters much seed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 657 | PRO | 11 | 24 | gmp8 | 0 | will accumulate even more | “will gain even more” | ||
| 658 | PRO | 11 | 24 | p1q7 | 0 | withholds what he should give | This refers to a person who thinks that he can become rich by refusing to be generous. | ||
| 659 | PRO | 11 | 25 | q9vb | 0 | will prosper | “will gain more” | ||
| 660 | PRO | 11 | 25 | lf1i | 0 | the one who | “the generous person who” or “anyone who” | ||
| 661 | PRO | 11 | 26 | eb69 | 0 | the man who refuses to sell | This describes the person who hoards his wealth instead of helping those in need. | ||
| 662 | PRO | 11 | 26 | h1qp | figs-metaphor | 0 | good gifts crown the head of him who sells it | “Crown” represents the reward or award for the person who is willing to sell grain. Alternate translation: “good gifts are given as a crown of honor to him who sells it” or “the person who sells it is honored with many blessings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 663 | PRO | 11 | 27 | k6ug | 0 | The one who diligently seeks | the one who seeks with careful and continued effort | ||
| 664 | PRO | 11 | 28 | q218 | figs-idiom | 0 | will fall | This is an idiom. Here “fall” represents destruction or failure. Alternate translation: “will be destroyed” or “awaits a bad future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 665 | PRO | 11 | 28 | p1e2 | figs-simile | 0 | like the leaf, righteous people will flourish | “Leaf” represents growth and prosperity. Alternate translation: “righteous people will prosper in the same way a healthy green leaf grows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 666 | PRO | 11 | 28 | mf6v | 0 | righteous people will flourish | This means that righteous people will thrive or prosper. | ||
| 667 | PRO | 11 | 29 | p1pb | figs-metaphor | 0 | inherit the wind | The “wind” is a metaphor for something that cannot be grasped or has no value. Alternate translation: “inherit nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 668 | PRO | 11 | 30 | q7ul | figs-simile | 0 | The righteous person will be like a tree of life | A person who does what is right is compared to a tree that produces life as its fruit. Alternate translation: “Those who do right will bring life to themselves and others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 669 | PRO | 11 | 30 | hlz7 | 0 | tree of life | See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:18](../03/18.md). | ||
| 670 | PRO | 11 | 31 | s8p9 | 0 | how much more | “even more so” | ||
| 671 | PRO | 12 | intro | x2lg | 0 | # Proverbs 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 12 continues the section of the book (Chapter 10-22) which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility and integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br> | |||
| 672 | PRO | 12 | 1 | ktr2 | figs-parallelism | 0 | General Information: | The author uses [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] throughout this chapter. Verses 1-15 contrast wisdom and foolishness. | |
| 673 | PRO | 12 | 1 | r7h6 | 0 | Whoever | “Any person who” | ||
| 674 | PRO | 12 | 1 | tz7m | 0 | the one who hates correction | “the person who does not want to be told what to do” | ||
| 675 | PRO | 12 | 1 | nj5f | 0 | is stupid | “is foolish” or “is unwise” | ||
| 676 | PRO | 12 | 3 | nly2 | figs-activepassive | 0 | A person cannot be established by wickedness | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one can become safe and secure by doing what is wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 677 | PRO | 12 | 3 | md5p | figs-metaphor | 0 | cannot be uprooted | “Uprooted” represents being pulled out of the ground like a plant or a tree. This cannot happen to those who do right. Alternate translation: “are as stable as a tree with deep roots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 678 | PRO | 12 | 4 | wh4l | figs-metaphor | 0 | A worthy wife is her husband’s crown | A crown represents the greatest honor a person can receive. Alternate translation: “A good wife is a sign of great honor for her husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 679 | PRO | 12 | 4 | ced6 | figs-simile | 0 | she who brings shame is like a disease that rots his bones | A disease that rots the bones represents the spoiling of a person’s life. Alternate translation: “a wife’s shameful acts destroy her husband’s influence and happiness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 680 | PRO | 12 | 6 | sw3s | figs-metaphor | 0 | The words of wicked people are an ambush waiting for a chance to kill | The deceitful things that wicked people say in order to harm other people are spoken of as if their words are waiting to kill someone by surprise. Alternate translation: “The deceitful things wicked people say are like a person who waits to kill someone by surprise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 681 | PRO | 12 | 6 | n6s7 | 0 | the words of the upright keep them safe | “the advice from an upright person keeps people safe” | ||
| 682 | PRO | 12 | 6 | au1h | 0 | the upright | “the righteous person” or “the honest person” or “the just person” | ||
| 683 | PRO | 12 | 7 | qw8f | figs-activepassive | 0 | Wicked people are overthrown | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will overthrow the wicked people” or “People will remove the wicked people from power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 684 | PRO | 12 | 7 | t5c3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | house | The term “house” is often used figuratively in the Bible to refer to a person’s ancestors, descendants or other relatives. Alternate translation: “family” or “descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 685 | PRO | 12 | 8 | hfu6 | figs-activepassive | 0 | A person is praised by how much wisdom he has | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will praise those who have wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 686 | PRO | 12 | 8 | hq69 | figs-activepassive | 0 | the one who makes perverse choices is despised | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will hate the one who always thinks evil thoughts” or “people will hate the one who takes good things and twists them into bad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 687 | PRO | 12 | 10 | uxx4 | 0 | is cruel | “causes suffering” | ||
| 688 | PRO | 12 | 11 | wl9h | 0 | worthless projects | “worthless plans” or “worthless tasks” | ||
| 689 | PRO | 12 | 12 | b6y1 | 0 | the fruit | This refers to a person’s actions and thoughts. Just as fruit on a tree shows what kind of tree it is, in the same way a person’s words and actions reveal what his character is like. | ||
| 690 | PRO | 12 | 13 | ak1y | figs-metonymy | 0 | An evil person is trapped by his wicked talk | “Trapped” represents being caught in a snare or being tricked. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The wicked things an evil person says will trap him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 691 | PRO | 12 | 14 | z5v9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | just as the work of his hands rewards him | The phrase, “the work of his hands” represents work done by physical labor. Alternate translation: “just as the good work he does rewards him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 692 | PRO | 12 | 15 | lr2l | figs-idiom | 0 | in his own eyes | This phrase represents the idea he has from his own observation, imagination or memory. Alternate translation: “in his own opinion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 693 | PRO | 12 | 15 | wlp9 | 0 | advice | wise suggestions | ||
| 694 | PRO | 12 | 16 | n8pr | 0 | is prudent | “is wise” or “has good sense.” | ||
| 695 | PRO | 12 | 18 | k26n | figs-simile | 0 | The words of one who speaks rashly are like the thrusts of a sword | The phrase, “thrusts of a sword” represents cruel words that hurt another. Alternate translation: “What a person says without thinking can hurt as much as if he stabbed with a sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 696 | PRO | 12 | 18 | avt2 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the tongue of the wise | “Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “what wise people say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 697 | PRO | 12 | 18 | mpg6 | 0 | brings healing | “comforts and heals” | ||
| 698 | PRO | 12 | 19 | wm6n | figs-metonymy | 0 | Truthful lips last forever | “Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “A truthful person endures forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 699 | PRO | 12 | 19 | r5ql | figs-metonymy | 0 | a lying tongue is only for a moment | “Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the one who lies lasts only for a moment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 700 | PRO | 12 | 20 | xs9w | 0 | advisors | those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors | ||
| 701 | PRO | 12 | 21 | d4zt | figs-litotes | 0 | No ill comes | The negative, “No” cancels out the idea of “ill” (bad things that happen). Alternate translation: “Good things come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 702 | PRO | 12 | 22 | x3ha | figs-metonymy | 0 | Yahweh hates lying lips | “Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “Yahweh detests those who tell lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 703 | PRO | 12 | 23 | qi9m | 0 | conceals his knowledge | “does not tell everything he knows” | ||
| 704 | PRO | 12 | 24 | j53h | figs-metonymy | 0 | The hand of the diligent | “Hand” represents what a person does -- his works. Alternate translation: “Diligent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 705 | PRO | 12 | 24 | ymw6 | figs-metonymy | 0 | will be put to forced labor | “Forced labor” describes what a person must do who is not free to do what he wants. Alternate translation: “will become a slave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 706 | PRO | 12 | 25 | qts2 | 0 | Anxiety | uneasy feeling of fear or dread, worry | ||
| 707 | PRO | 12 | 25 | n82f | figs-metaphor | 0 | weighs him down | “Weighing down” represents the idea of putting a very heavy load on a person so he cannot move freely. This phrase means to make a person sad or depressed. Alternate translation: “causes him to become sad or depressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 708 | PRO | 12 | 25 | z6n9 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | but a good word makes him glad | The abstract noun “word” can be stated as the verb “speak.” Alternate translation: “but when others speak kindly to him, he is cheerful again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 709 | PRO | 12 | 27 | gdt7 | 0 | would not roast their own game | “Game” means animals caught and killed while hunting. And “roast” is a way of cooking food. | ||
| 710 | PRO | 12 | 27 | vz9v | 0 | precious wealth | “valuable treasure” | ||
| 711 | PRO | 13 | intro | nh7k | 0 | # Proverbs 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 13 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br> | |||
| 712 | PRO | 13 | 1 | ugs5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | A wise son hears | Here “hears” represents listening in order to do it. Alternate translation: “A wise son obeys” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 713 | PRO | 13 | 1 | sy9c | figs-metonymy | 0 | will not listen to rebuke | Here “listen” represents paying attention in order to do it. Alternate translation: “will not learn from rebuke” or “will not obey, despite rebuke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 714 | PRO | 13 | 2 | zu98 | figs-metonymy | 0 | From the fruit of his mouth | Here “fruit” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “From the words of his mouth” or “From what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 715 | PRO | 13 | 2 | w883 | 0 | the appetite | the desire or liking for something | ||
| 716 | PRO | 13 | 2 | mgn1 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the treacherous | This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the treacherous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 717 | PRO | 13 | 3 | xb3d | figs-metonymy | 0 | his mouth | Here “mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 718 | PRO | 13 | 3 | bd6a | figs-metaphor | 0 | opens wide his lips | Opening the lips represents speaking, and opening them wide represents speaking too often or too much. Alternate translation: “speaks a lot” or “talks too much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 719 | PRO | 13 | 4 | c7yc | 0 | The appetite…the appetite | See how you translated this in [Proverbs 13:2](../13/02.md). | ||
| 720 | PRO | 13 | 4 | z2sk | 0 | craves but gets nothing | “strongly desires but gets nothing” | ||
| 721 | PRO | 13 | 4 | rj8j | figs-activepassive | 0 | the appetite of diligent people will be richly satisfied | Here “appetite” represents desire. Alternate translation: “diligent people will have a richly satisfied life” or “being diligent will make people richly satisfied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 722 | PRO | 13 | 4 | z1wm | 0 | diligent people | people who work with careful and continued effort | ||
| 723 | PRO | 13 | 5 | i9t2 | 0 | repugnant | causing a strong feeling of disgust | ||
| 724 | PRO | 13 | 6 | gt48 | figs-personification | 0 | Righteousness protects those | “Righteousness” represents a way of life approved by Yahweh. This quality acts like a person who protects. Alternate translation: “A way of life approved by Yahweh protects” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 725 | PRO | 13 | 6 | iac2 | figs-metonymy | 0 | who are faultless in their path | Here “path” represents how a person directs his life. Alternate translation: “who are faultless in their way of living” or “who live lives of integrity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 726 | PRO | 13 | 6 | r21h | figs-personification | 0 | wickedness turns away those who commit sin | Here “wickedness” represents an evil conduct of life. This quality acts like a person who turns away those who commit sin. Alternate translation: “wickedness turns sinners away from a successful path” or “wickedness ruins sinners’ lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 727 | PRO | 13 | 7 | z16h | 0 | who enriches himself | “who makes himself rich” | ||
| 728 | PRO | 13 | 8 | mre8 | 0 | does not hear a threat | Possible meanings are 1) no one will threaten to steal from him because he has nothing anyone would want to steal or 2) he will not listen when people correct him because he has nothing to lose if they punish him. Alternate translation: “does not listen to rebuke” | ||
| 729 | PRO | 13 | 9 | ev8k | figs-metaphor | 0 | The light of righteous people rejoices | Here the light represents the righteous person’s life or good behavior, and rejoicing represents causing people to rejoice. Alternate translation: “The life of a righteous person is like a light that causes people to rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 730 | PRO | 13 | 9 | ibt9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the lamp of wicked people will be put out | Here the lamp represents the life or behavior of wicked people, and “be put out” is an idiom that means that a fire is stopped. The lamp being put out represents either the person dying or the person’s life not giving any joy. Alternate translation: “the lives of wicked people are like a lamp whose fire will be stopped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 731 | PRO | 13 | 10 | c8hy | 0 | Pride only breeds conflict | “Pride always causes conflict” | ||
| 732 | PRO | 13 | 10 | n32q | 0 | listen to | “heed” or “follow” | ||
| 733 | PRO | 13 | 10 | ujq3 | 0 | good advice | suggestions that are helpful and profitable | ||
| 734 | PRO | 13 | 11 | u1q4 | 0 | Wealth dwindles away | “Wealth decreases” or “Wealth slowly disappears” | ||
| 735 | PRO | 13 | 11 | i2l4 | figs-metonymy | 0 | working with his hand | The phrase “working with his hand” refers to physical work instead of only mental or other types of work. Many people give physical work a low value. Alternate translation: “working with physical strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 736 | PRO | 13 | 11 | j3nn | figs-metaphor | 0 | make his money grow | Money is compared to a tree that grows. Alternate translation: “make his money increase” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 737 | PRO | 13 | 12 | v8h6 | figs-metonymy | 0 | When hope is postponed | Here “hope” represents the thing a person hopes for. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When a person hopes for something but does not receive it for a very long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 738 | PRO | 13 | 12 | gfi6 | figs-idiom | 0 | it breaks the heart | Breaking a person’s heart represents overwhelming that person with sadness. Alternate translation: “it causes intense sadness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 739 | PRO | 13 | 12 | k7pf | figs-metaphor | 0 | a longing fulfilled is a tree of life | Someone receiving what they hoped for and becoming very happy is spoken of as if the fulfillment of their hope were a tree that gives life. Alternate translation: “a longing fulfilled is like a tree of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 740 | PRO | 13 | 12 | isa3 | 0 | tree of life | “a tree that gives life” or “a tree whose fruit sustains life.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:18](../03/18.md). | ||
| 741 | PRO | 13 | 13 | a5vy | figs-activepassive | 0 | he who respects the commandment will be rewarded | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will reward the one who respects the command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 742 | PRO | 13 | 14 | uhi9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | fountain of life | A fountain is a good source of water and here represents a source of life. Alternate translation: “a bountiful source of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 743 | PRO | 13 | 14 | h871 | figs-metaphor | 0 | snares of death | Here “snares” represent dangers that will kill. Alternate translation: “traps that lead to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 744 | PRO | 13 | 15 | r4vi | figs-metaphor | 0 | but the way of the treacherous is never-ending | Here a person’s behavior or conduct is spoken of as if it were a way or path that a person walks. A person being ruined by their own treachery is spoken of as if they are on a way or path that never ends. Alternate translation: “but the behavior of the treacherous will cause their own destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 745 | PRO | 13 | 15 | up13 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the treacherous | This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the treacherous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 746 | PRO | 13 | 16 | g6vs | figs-metaphor | 0 | a fool parades his folly | To “parade” means to display in front of everyone. Alternate translation: “a fool displays his foolishness to everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 747 | PRO | 13 | 17 | h4gr | 0 | falls into trouble | “is unreliable” or “does something evil” | ||
| 748 | PRO | 13 | 17 | pfh6 | 0 | a faithful envoy | “a faithful messenger” or “a faithful diplomat” | ||
| 749 | PRO | 13 | 18 | m4d7 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | learns from correction | The abstract noun “correction” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “learns when someone corrects him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 750 | PRO | 13 | 19 | h11i | 0 | is sweet | “is a delight” or “brings joy” | ||
| 751 | PRO | 13 | 19 | fv8k | 0 | the appetite | the desire or liking for something | ||
| 752 | PRO | 13 | 20 | k77z | 0 | will suffer harm | “will experience harm” or “will be ruined” | ||
| 753 | PRO | 13 | 21 | ddh8 | figs-personification | 0 | Disaster runs after sinners | “Disaster” is given human characteristics like the ability to run. Alternate translation: “Sinners have trouble wherever they go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 754 | PRO | 13 | 21 | ecr7 | figs-activepassive | 0 | righteous people are rewarded with good | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God rewards righteous people with good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 755 | PRO | 13 | 22 | amv1 | 0 | his grandchildren | “the sons of his sons” or “the children of his children” or “his descendants” | ||
| 756 | PRO | 13 | 22 | fi9c | figs-activepassive | 0 | a sinner’s wealth is stored up for the righteous person | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the one who does right will receive the wealth that a sinner has stored up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 757 | PRO | 13 | 23 | z3px | 0 | An unplowed field | “A field that is not prepared for food production” or “An empty field not ready for planting” | ||
| 758 | PRO | 13 | 23 | h46l | figs-metaphor | 0 | but it is swept away by injustice | “Swept away” represents completely removing something. This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “but injustice takes away that food” or “but unjust people take the food away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 759 | PRO | 13 | 24 | jp8a | 0 | is careful to instruct him | “makes sure to instruct him” | ||
| 760 | PRO | 13 | 25 | a593 | 0 | he satisfies his appetite | “he has satisfied himself” or “he fulfills his desires” | ||
| 761 | PRO | 13 | 25 | azl9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the stomach of the wicked is always hungry | Here “stomach” represents the desires of a person. Alternate translation: “the wicked person is always hungry for more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 762 | PRO | 14 | intro | gbj2 | 0 | # Proverbs 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 14 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br> | |||
| 763 | PRO | 14 | 1 | r3rp | 0 | builds her house | “builds up her house” or “makes her house better” | ||
| 764 | PRO | 14 | 1 | tv3l | 0 | house | Possible meanings are 1) this may refer to her actual house, that is the building she lives in or 2) this may refer to her family. | ||
| 765 | PRO | 14 | 1 | l2y8 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | with her own hands | The woman is represented by her “hands.” Alternate translation: “by herself” or “by the way she behaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 766 | PRO | 14 | 2 | qgn4 | 0 | The one who…the one who | “The person who…the person who” | ||
| 767 | PRO | 14 | 2 | qnc4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | walks uprightly | “Walks” represents the conduct of life. Alternate translation: “conducts his life in a just and honest way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 768 | PRO | 14 | 2 | we9s | 0 | despises him | “grossly disrespects him” or “shows that he hates him” | ||
| 769 | PRO | 14 | 2 | c17i | 0 | in his ways despises him | The word “his” refers to the dishonest man and “him” refers to Yahweh. | ||
| 770 | PRO | 14 | 3 | a16n | figs-metonymy | 0 | the mouth of…the lips of | The mouth and the lips both refer to what a person says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 771 | PRO | 14 | 3 | ixb4 | figs-metonymy | 0 | a rod for his back | The rod with which people will punish the fool by hitting him on his back for his foolish words is a metonym for the words that come out of his mouth. Alternate translation: “words that will cause people to punish him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 772 | PRO | 14 | 3 | c2ir | 0 | the wise | This word is plural. “wise men” or “wise people” | ||
| 773 | PRO | 14 | 3 | gru7 | 0 | will preserve them | “will keep them from harm” or “will keep them safe” | ||
| 774 | PRO | 14 | 4 | w12s | 0 | the feeding trough | A “trough” is a container in which you put the food for animals. | ||
| 775 | PRO | 14 | 4 | e3k8 | 0 | an abundant crop | “a good harvest” | ||
| 776 | PRO | 14 | 4 | diy9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | by the strength of an ox | “Strength” represents the strong work an ox can do. Alternate translation: “because of the work an ox does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 777 | PRO | 14 | 5 | j6d2 | figs-idiom | 0 | breathes out lies | This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). | |
| 778 | PRO | 14 | 6 | wm35 | 0 | and there is none | “and wisdom is not there” or “but he will not find wisdom” | ||
| 779 | PRO | 14 | 6 | ek6h | 0 | comes easy to | “is easily found by” or “acquires without difficulty” | ||
| 780 | PRO | 14 | 6 | xv2j | 0 | the one who is discerning | “the one who is wise” or “a person who has understanding” | ||
| 781 | PRO | 14 | 7 | ud4w | figs-metonymy | 0 | on his lips | The word “lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “from his speech” or “with his comments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 782 | PRO | 14 | 8 | e2qn | 0 | the prudent | a person who has good judgment or sense | ||
| 783 | PRO | 14 | 8 | vp9q | figs-metonymy | 0 | his own way | The word “way” represents the conduct of life of a person. Alternate translation: “his conduct” or “how he lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 784 | PRO | 14 | 8 | vug2 | 0 | the folly of fools is deception | The foolishness of fools is that they think they are wise, when they are not. | ||
| 785 | PRO | 14 | 9 | m1s1 | 0 | when the guilt offering is sacrificed | “at guilt” or “at the guilt offering” The meaning behind this phrase is that fools do not apologize to God or men for the things they do wrong. | ||
| 786 | PRO | 14 | 9 | t24p | figs-activepassive | 0 | but among the upright favor is shared | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but the upright enjoy favor together” or “but God’s favor is experienced together among the upright” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 787 | PRO | 14 | 10 | xxe9 | 0 | its own bitterness | “its own sorrow” or “its own sadness” | ||
| 788 | PRO | 14 | 10 | y94d | 0 | no stranger | “those who do not know him” | ||
| 789 | PRO | 14 | 11 | c5yp | figs-metonymy | 0 | the tent | The word “tent” represents everything that happens within it. Alternate translation: “the household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 790 | PRO | 14 | 11 | d165 | figs-metaphor | 0 | flourish | The word “flourish” means vigorous blooming of flowers and so represents anything that grows strongly. Alternate translation: “to do well and last long” or “to be healthy” or “to be very successful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 791 | PRO | 14 | 12 | y8gw | figs-metaphor | 0 | There is a way that seems right to a man | The word “way” represents the conduct of life a person follows. Alternate translation: “People think that the way they are living is the right way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 792 | PRO | 14 | 13 | n7lp | figs-metaphor | 0 | A heart can laugh | The word “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “A person’s feelings can show laughter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 793 | PRO | 14 | 13 | j3ih | 0 | be in pain | “experience pain” or “hurt” | ||
| 794 | PRO | 14 | 14 | a8j9 | 0 | The one who | “The person who” | ||
| 795 | PRO | 14 | 14 | c5in | figs-metaphor | 0 | what his ways deserve | The word “ways” represents a person’s conduct of life. Alternate translation: “what he deserves, based on how he lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 796 | PRO | 14 | 14 | qe8k | 0 | what is his | “what belongs to him” or “what he has a right to” | ||
| 797 | PRO | 14 | 15 | i558 | 0 | naive | inexperienced or immature | ||
| 798 | PRO | 14 | 15 | h73m | figs-metaphor | 0 | his steps | Here the idea of footsteps represents a person’s behavior. Alternate translation: “his actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 799 | PRO | 14 | 16 | z79v | figs-metaphor | 0 | turns away from evil | Here evil is spoken of as if it were a place. Alternate translation: “avoids doing evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 800 | PRO | 14 | 16 | dy6s | 0 | confidently dismisses | “boldly ignores” | ||
| 801 | PRO | 14 | 17 | yez8 | 0 | is quick to become angry | “becomes angry quickly” | ||
| 802 | PRO | 14 | 18 | j5kv | 0 | naive | inexperienced or immature | ||
| 803 | PRO | 14 | 18 | c2ql | figs-metonymy | 0 | inherit foolishness | Here “inherit” represents having permanent possession of something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 804 | PRO | 14 | 18 | aj35 | 0 | foolishness | The word “foolishness” is an abstract noun that represents foolish thinking and foolish actions. | ||
| 805 | PRO | 14 | 18 | rq9a | 0 | prudent people | “wise people” | ||
| 806 | PRO | 14 | 18 | spn1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | are crowned with knowledge | Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were a beautiful ornament worn on one’s head, such as a turban with jewels. Alternate translation: “wear knowledge as a turban” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 807 | PRO | 14 | 19 | b4i8 | translate-symaction | 0 | bow down | This means to bend over to humbly express respect and submission toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
| 808 | PRO | 14 | 19 | e892 | figs-metonymy | 0 | at the gates of the righteous | The word “gates” represents an entrance to meet with another. This means the wicked will have to wait for the righteous person and beg to enter his presence. Alternate translation: “to meet with the righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 809 | PRO | 14 | 20 | h5ns | figs-activepassive | 0 | The poor person is hated even by his own companions | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Everyone hates the poor person even his own neighbors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 810 | PRO | 14 | 21 | fy3m | 0 | The one…the one | “The person…the person” | ||
| 811 | PRO | 14 | 21 | d4gp | 0 | the poor | “poor people” | ||
| 812 | PRO | 14 | 22 | m1cw | figs-rquestion | 0 | Do not those who plot evil go astray? | The assumed answer to this question is “yes.” Alternate translation: “Those who plot evil will go astray.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 813 | PRO | 14 | 22 | ie8f | 0 | who plot evil | “who make evil plans” or “who make plans to do evil things” | ||
| 814 | PRO | 14 | 22 | mmn3 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | those who plan to do good will receive covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness | The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “God will show himself to be trustworthy and faithful to his covenant to those who plan to do what is good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 815 | PRO | 14 | 23 | k11f | 0 | but when there is only talk | “but if you only talk” or “but when all a person does is talking” | ||
| 816 | PRO | 14 | 24 | dc97 | figs-metaphor | 0 | The crown of wise people | The word “crown” represents the highest achievement possible and visible to all. Alternate translation: “The reward of wise people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 817 | PRO | 14 | 24 | u3bw | 0 | the folly of fools | See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 14:8](../14/08.md). | ||
| 818 | PRO | 14 | 25 | wkc7 | figs-idiom | 0 | breathes out lies | This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 819 | PRO | 14 | 27 | c8u2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | fountain of life | A “fountain” is a bountiful source of water and represents here the source of life. Alternate translation: “source of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 820 | PRO | 14 | 27 | r5t6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | from the snares of death | A “snare” is a sort of trap used to hunt animals and represents something tricky and dangerous that will kill. Alternate translation: “from the trap that will kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 821 | PRO | 14 | 28 | vxf7 | 0 | the great number of his people | “how many people he rules” | ||
| 822 | PRO | 14 | 28 | yp94 | 0 | the prince is ruined | “the prince has nothing and his kingdom will fall” | ||
| 823 | PRO | 14 | 29 | n61r | 0 | the quick-tempered | a person who is quick to become angry | ||
| 824 | PRO | 14 | 30 | lqn3 | 0 | A tranquil heart | “A peaceful mindset” or “An attitude that is at peace” | ||
| 825 | PRO | 14 | 30 | l819 | figs-metaphor | 0 | rots the bones | The word “rots” represents the decay of a person and “bones” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be unhealthy in body and spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 826 | PRO | 14 | 31 | k67r | 0 | The one who…the one who | “The person who…the person who” | ||
| 827 | PRO | 14 | 31 | b6nz | 0 | curses | This means to express a desire that bad things will happen to someone. | ||
| 828 | PRO | 14 | 31 | xhv2 | 0 | the poor…the needy | “a poor person…a needy person” | ||
| 829 | PRO | 14 | 31 | k2td | 0 | shows favor to | “is kind to” or “helps” | ||
| 830 | PRO | 14 | 32 | t8gr | figs-activepassive | 0 | is brought down by his evil actions | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “evil actions push over” or “evil actions destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 831 | PRO | 14 | 33 | axk6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Wisdom rests in the heart | The word “heart” represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is in the attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 832 | PRO | 14 | 33 | t41l | 0 | the discerning | “a discerning person” | ||
| 833 | PRO | 14 | 33 | r61l | figs-activepassive | 0 | she lets herself be known | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “she makes sure people know her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 834 | PRO | 14 | 33 | xi3x | figs-personification | 0 | she | The word “she” refers to wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 835 | PRO | 14 | 34 | dl6h | 0 | is a disgrace | “brings shame upon to any people” or “should cause any people to be ashamed” | ||
| 836 | PRO | 14 | 35 | qjf7 | 0 | who acts prudently | “who acts wisely” or “who makes sure bad things do not happen” | ||
| 837 | PRO | 14 | 35 | vi56 | 0 | the one who | “the servant who” | ||
| 838 | PRO | 15 | intro | l872 | 0 | # Proverbs 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 15 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br> | |||
| 839 | PRO | 15 | 1 | x2lh | figs-metaphor | 0 | A gentle answer turns away wrath | Causing a person to stop being angry is spoken of as if it were turning that person’s wrath away. Alternate translation: “Answering a person gently will calm that person’s wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 840 | PRO | 15 | 1 | hu6m | figs-metaphor | 0 | but a harsh word stirs up anger | Causing a person to become more angry is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening anger. Alternate translation: “but speaking harshly causes that person to become more angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 841 | PRO | 15 | 2 | w6ic | figs-synecdoche | 0 | The tongue of wise people compliments knowledge | Here the word “tongue” refers to the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “Wise people compliment knowledge when they speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 842 | PRO | 15 | 2 | sjz8 | 0 | compliments knowledge | “makes knowledge attractive” or “uses knowledge correctly” | ||
| 843 | PRO | 15 | 2 | ncr7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the mouth of fools pours out folly | The writer speaks of fools’ mouths as if they were containers and of folly as if it were the liquid that filled them. When fools speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word “mouth” represents those who speak. Alternate translation: “fools are always speaking folly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 844 | PRO | 15 | 3 | w8rc | figs-synecdoche | 0 | The eyes of Yahweh are everywhere | Here the word “eyes” represents Yahweh and emphasizes his ability to see everything. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sees everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 845 | PRO | 15 | 3 | bw6f | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the evil and the good | The words “evil” and “good” refer to people. Alternate translation: “evil people and good people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 846 | PRO | 15 | 4 | wt85 | figs-metonymy | 0 | A healing tongue is a tree of life | The word “tongue” refers to speech. The writer speaks of the words of a person who says things that help and encourage others as if they were a tree that provides life-giving nourishment. Alternate translation: “Kind words are like a tree that gives life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 847 | PRO | 15 | 4 | eg2w | figs-metonymy | 0 | a deceitful tongue crushes the spirit | The phrase “a deceitful tongue” refers to speech that is deceitful or hurtful. The writer speaks of a person being hurt or in despair as if that person’s spirit were an object that words have crushed. Alternate translation: “deceitful speech causes a person to despair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 848 | PRO | 15 | 5 | kix4 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | he who learns from correction | The word “correction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he who learns when someone corrects him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 849 | PRO | 15 | 5 | x86t | 0 | is prudent | “is wise” | ||
| 850 | PRO | 15 | 6 | h7yy | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | the earnings of the wicked person give | The word “earnings” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the wealth that a wicked person earns gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 851 | PRO | 15 | 7 | tk6t | figs-metaphor | 0 | The lips of wise people scatter knowledge about | The word “lips” represents what wise people say. The writer speaks of knowledge as if it were seeds that wise people scatter around when they speak. Alternate translation: “The speech of wise people spreads knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 852 | PRO | 15 | 7 | wet2 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | not so the hearts of fools | Possible meanings are 1) the word “hearts” is synecdoche for the fools themselves and means that they do not scatter knowledge like wise people do. Alternate translation: “fools do not scatter knowledge about” or 2) fools do not have knowledge in their hearts, with “hearts” being a metonym for the thoughts. Alternate translation: “fools do not understand knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 853 | PRO | 15 | 8 | a5ry | 0 | upright people | “people who live rightly” | ||
| 854 | PRO | 15 | 8 | fci9 | 0 | is his delight | “pleases him” | ||
| 855 | PRO | 15 | 9 | ui9i | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh hates the way of wicked people | The lifestyles of wicked people are spoken of as if they are paths on which those people walk. Alternate translation: “Yahweh hates the way that wicked people live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 856 | PRO | 15 | 9 | pj1l | figs-metaphor | 0 | the one who pursues what is right | Being diligent to live rightly is spoken of as if it were chasing after right things. Alternate translation: “the person who strives to live rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 857 | PRO | 15 | 10 | j3mw | figs-metaphor | 0 | anyone who forsakes the way | Here “the way” refers to the way of righteousness. A person who stops doing what is right is spoken of as if he has stopped walking on the correct path. Alternate translation: “anyone who stops living rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 858 | PRO | 15 | 10 | jus3 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | he who hates correction | The word “correction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the person who hates it when others correct him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 859 | PRO | 15 | 11 | n1e2 | figs-doublet | 0 | Sheol and destruction are open before Yahweh | The words “Sheol and destruction” both refer to the place of the dead. Yahweh knowing everything about the place of the dead is spoken of as if it were open before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh knows everything about the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 860 | PRO | 15 | 11 | b6if | figs-rquestion | 0 | how much more the hearts of the sons of mankind? | This rhetorical question emphasizes that since Yahweh knows everything about the place of the dead, it is more obvious that he knows everything about the hearts of men. Alternate translation: “so he certainly knows the hearts of the sons of mankind!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 861 | PRO | 15 | 11 | r3gz | figs-metonymy | 0 | the hearts of the sons of mankind | Here the word “hearts” represents the thoughts and motivations. The phrase “the sons of mankind” is an idiom for humanity. Alternate translation: “the thoughts of humans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 862 | PRO | 15 | 12 | dl8g | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | The mocker resents correction | The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The mocker hates when others correct him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 863 | PRO | 15 | 12 | f5d9 | figs-explicit | 0 | he will not go to the wise | It is implied that he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel or advice. Alternate translation: “he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 864 | PRO | 15 | 13 | b4lv | figs-synecdoche | 0 | A joyful heart makes the face cheerful | Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “When a person is joyful, his face is cheerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 865 | PRO | 15 | 13 | dm7a | figs-metaphor | 0 | crushes the spirit | The writer speaks of a person being discouraged as if that person’s spirit were an object that is crushed. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 15:4](../15/04.md). Alternate translation: “makes a person discouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 866 | PRO | 15 | 14 | d9uh | figs-metonymy | 0 | The heart of the discerning | Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The mind of the discerning person” or “The discerning person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 867 | PRO | 15 | 14 | k3ct | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the mouth of fools feeds on folly | Here the word “mouth” represents the person. The writer speaks of fools desiring foolish things as if they ate foolish things. Alternate translation: “foolish people desire folly as if it were the food that they eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 868 | PRO | 15 | 15 | r1yn | 0 | All the days of oppressed people are miserable | “Oppressed people are miserable all of their days” | ||
| 869 | PRO | 15 | 15 | en6x | figs-synecdoche | 0 | a cheerful heart has an unending feast | Here the word “heart” represents the person. The writer speaks of a cheerful person enjoying life as if that person were celebrating a feast that does not end. Alternate translation: “the cheerful person enjoys life, as if he were celebrating an unending feast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 870 | PRO | 15 | 15 | m9lg | 0 | an unending feast | “a feast that never ends” | ||
| 871 | PRO | 15 | 16 | iix3 | 0 | with confusion | “with anxiety” | ||
| 872 | PRO | 15 | 17 | via5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | a meal with vegetables | The vegetables represent a small meal with very little food. Alternate translation: “a small meal” or “very little food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 873 | PRO | 15 | 17 | ux23 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | where there is love | The word “love” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people love one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 874 | PRO | 15 | 17 | m9u4 | figs-activepassive | 0 | a fatted calf served with hatred | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fatted calf that someone serves with hatred” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 875 | PRO | 15 | 17 | x4f2 | figs-metonymy | 0 | a fatted calf | This refers to a calf that has been fed a lot of food so that it will become fat. Here it represents a delicious meal or a feast. Alternate translation: “a luxurious meal” or “a feast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 876 | PRO | 15 | 17 | vw92 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | with hatred | The word “hatred” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people hate one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 877 | PRO | 15 | 18 | p4ji | figs-metaphor | 0 | stirs up arguments | Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. The abstract noun “arguments” can be stated as “argue.” Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 878 | PRO | 15 | 19 | awv2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | The path of the sluggard…the path of the upright | The writer speaks of a person’s life as if it were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “The life of the sluggard…the life of the upright” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 879 | PRO | 15 | 19 | gy92 | figs-simile | 0 | The path of the sluggard is like a place with a hedge of thorns | The writer compares the lifestyle of the sluggard with trying to walk through a hedge of thorns. Both cause the person to suffer pain. Alternate translation: “The life of the sluggard is like a person trying to walk through a hedge of thorns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 880 | PRO | 15 | 19 | zqz8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the path of the upright is a built-up highway | The writer speaks of the blessings that upright people experience in life as if they were walking on a smooth road. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 881 | PRO | 15 | 19 | c95z | 0 | built-up highway | This is a road that is wide, flat, and without obstacles or potholes. | ||
| 882 | PRO | 15 | 21 | itu5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the one who has understanding walks a straight path | The writer speaks of a person doing the right thing as if he were walking straight ahead on a path. Alternate translation: “the person who has understanding does what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 883 | PRO | 15 | 22 | p1yb | 0 | Plans go wrong | “Plans fail” | ||
| 884 | PRO | 15 | 22 | et1u | 0 | where there is no advice | “when there is no one to give advice” | ||
| 885 | PRO | 15 | 22 | re1s | 0 | advisors | people who give recommendations as a guide to action | ||
| 886 | PRO | 15 | 22 | q31z | 0 | they succeed | “plans succeed” | ||
| 887 | PRO | 15 | 23 | wg81 | 0 | a pertinent reply | “a fitting reply” or “an appropriate answer” | ||
| 888 | PRO | 15 | 23 | jnm2 | figs-exclamations | 0 | how good is a timely word | This exclamation emphasizes that a word spoken at the right time is very good. Alternate translation: “a word that a person speaks at the right time is very good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) | |
| 889 | PRO | 15 | 24 | b9kb | figs-metaphor | 0 | The path of life leads upward…from Sheol beneath | The writer speaks of a lifestyle that results in life as if it were a path that goes upward towards life and of a lifestyle that results in death as if it were a path that leads down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 890 | PRO | 15 | 25 | h2dg | figs-synecdoche | 0 | house | This is a synecdoche for the person’s household, property, and wealth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 891 | PRO | 15 | 26 | h9s4 | 0 | the words of kindness are pure | “kind words are pure” or “pleasant words are pure” | ||
| 892 | PRO | 15 | 28 | avu5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | The heart of the righteous person ponders before it answers | Here the word “heart” is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. This represents the person who thinks. Alternate translation: “The person who does right ponders what to say before he answers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 893 | PRO | 15 | 28 | zzd4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil | The writer speaks of wicked people’s mouths as if they were containers and speaks of evil as if it were the liquid that filled them. When wicked people speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word “mouths” represents those who speak. Alternate translation: “wicked people are always saying evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 894 | PRO | 15 | 28 | zr4l | 0 | the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil | It may be more natural in you language to translate all these words as either singular or plural. Alternate translation: “the mouth of the wicked person pours out all its evil” or “the mouths of wicked people pour out all their evil” | ||
| 895 | PRO | 15 | 29 | nq5q | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh is far away from wicked people | The writer speaks of Yahweh not listening to wicked people as if he were physically far away from them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does not listen to wicked people” or “Yahweh does not answer wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 896 | PRO | 15 | 30 | msq2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | The light of the eyes | The writer speaks of an expression of joy on one’s face as if the person’s eyes emitted light. Alternate translation: “A cheerful expression” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 897 | PRO | 15 | 30 | d2bg | figs-synecdoche | 0 | brings joy to the heart | The word “heart” represents the person. Possible meanings are 1) the person who has a cheerful expression becomes joyful or 2) other people become joyful when they see someone with a cheerful expression. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 898 | PRO | 15 | 30 | hhj8 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | good news is health to the body | Here the word “body” represents the person. Alternate translation: “receiving good news makes a person feel good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 899 | PRO | 15 | 31 | vet3 | 0 | you will remain among wise people | Possible meanings are 1) people will continue to consider you to be a wise person or 2) you will continue to enjoy the company of wise people. | ||
| 900 | PRO | 15 | 32 | l9cd | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | listens to correction | The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “listens when others correct him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 901 | PRO | 15 | 33 | nhk9 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | The fear of Yahweh teaches wisdom | The words “fear” and “wisdom” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “When one fears Yahweh, he will learn to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 902 | PRO | 15 | 33 | t56g | 0 | The fear of Yahweh | See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md). | ||
| 903 | PRO | 15 | 33 | w2h2 | 0 | humility comes before honor | This means that a person must first learn humility before Yahweh will honor him. | ||
| 904 | PRO | 16 | intro | mu2u | 0 | # Proverbs 16 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 16 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### King and royalty<br><br>Some of these proverbs mention a king. As in other cases, this is intended to apply to all rulers.<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br> | |||
| 905 | PRO | 16 | 1 | bqu9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | The plans of the heart belong to a person | Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “A person makes plans in his mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 906 | PRO | 16 | 1 | hf8a | figs-metaphor | 0 | from Yahweh comes the answer from his tongue | Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh speaks his answer to a person’s plans, which is a metaphor meaning that Yahweh determines the outcome of that person’s plans or 2) Yahweh enables a person to speak words about the plans that he has made. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 907 | PRO | 16 | 1 | j1hu | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the answer from his tongue | The person is represented by his “tongue” to emphasize his speech. Alternate translation: “the answer that he speaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 908 | PRO | 16 | 2 | m6li | figs-metaphor | 0 | All of a person’s ways are pure in his own eyes | The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that everything he does is pure” or “A person judges everything he does as pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 909 | PRO | 16 | 2 | ky4t | figs-metonymy | 0 | Yahweh weighs the spirits | Here the word “spirits” represents people’s desires and motives. The writer speaks of Yahweh discerning and judging a person’s desires and motives as if he were weighing that person’s spirit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh judges the person’s motives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 910 | PRO | 16 | 4 | ccq1 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | even the wicked for the day of trouble | The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “he has made even the wicked for the day of trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
| 911 | PRO | 16 | 5 | lkb8 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | everyone who has an arrogant heart | Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “everyone who is arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 912 | PRO | 16 | 5 | cq2g | figs-litotes | 0 | they will not go unpunished | The two negatives in this phrase strongly emphasize the positive. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will certainly punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 913 | PRO | 16 | 6 | t6t9 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | By covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness iniquity is atoned for | The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant and trustworthy he forgives people’s sins” or 2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the sins of those who are faithful to the covenant and trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 914 | PRO | 16 | 6 | sn15 | figs-metaphor | 0 | people turn away from evil | The writer speaks of people no longer doing evil things as if they were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “people stop doing evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 915 | PRO | 16 | 7 | i6tc | 0 | he makes | “Yahweh makes” | ||
| 916 | PRO | 16 | 8 | u992 | 0 | a large income | “earning a lot of money” | ||
| 917 | PRO | 16 | 8 | a4dx | 0 | with injustice | “with wrongdoing” | ||
| 918 | PRO | 16 | 9 | wyx2 | figs-metonymy | 0 | In his heart a person plans out his way | Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “A person plans in his mind what he will do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 919 | PRO | 16 | 9 | y8rt | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh directs his steps | The writer speaks of Yahweh determining the outcome of a person’s plans as if Yahweh were telling that person where to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 920 | PRO | 16 | 10 | ak2q | figs-metonymy | 0 | Insightful decisions are on the lips of a king | Here the word “lips” is a metonym for what the king says. Alternate translation: “What a king says are insightful decisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 921 | PRO | 16 | 10 | ul24 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | his mouth should not betray justice | The word “mouth” represents the king himself. Alternate translation: “he should not speak deceitfully when he judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 922 | PRO | 16 | 11 | hb1i | figs-explicit | 0 | Honest scales come from Yahweh | Yahweh requires justice and fairness when doing business. Dishonest people used heavier or lighter weights in their scales in order to gain more when buying or selling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 923 | PRO | 16 | 11 | c4kd | 0 | all the weights in the bag are his work | Merchants carried their weights in bags. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh has determined how much every weight must weigh or 2) Yahweh is concerned with every weight that a merchant uses. | ||
| 924 | PRO | 16 | 12 | tie4 | figs-activepassive | 0 | that is something to be despised | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that is something that people despise” or “that is something that Yahweh despises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 925 | PRO | 16 | 12 | yr8j | figs-metonymy | 0 | for a throne is established by doing what is right | Here the word “throne” represents the king’s rule. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the king establishes his reign by doing what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 926 | PRO | 16 | 13 | sfa1 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | lips that say what is right | Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “a person who speaks the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 927 | PRO | 16 | 14 | lfm4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | A king’s wrath is a messenger of death | The writer speaks of an angry king causing someone to die as if the king’s wrath were a messenger that he sends out to kill someone. Alternate translation: “An angry king can put people to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 928 | PRO | 16 | 15 | av7j | 0 | General Information: | Verse 15 contrasts with verse 14. | ||
| 929 | PRO | 16 | 15 | f1pr | figs-metaphor | 0 | In the light of a king’s face is life | The writer speaks of an expression of joy on the king’s face as if his face emitted light. Alternate translation: “When the king is cheerful, people live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 930 | PRO | 16 | 15 | a5n5 | figs-simile | 0 | his favor is like a cloud that brings a spring rain | The writer compares the king showing favor towards someone with a cloud that brings rain to make crops grow. Both promise blessing to those who receive them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 931 | PRO | 16 | 16 | rgj4 | figs-exclamations | 0 | How much better it is to get wisdom than gold | This exclamation emphasizes that having wisdom is much better than having gold. Alternate translation: “It is much better to get wisdom than to get gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) | |
| 932 | PRO | 16 | 16 | bn5c | figs-activepassive | 0 | To get understanding should be chosen more than silver | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person should choose to get understanding more than to get silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 933 | PRO | 16 | 17 | ffx6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | The highway of upright people | The writer speaks of the lifestyle of upright people as if it were a well-built road, free of obstacles. Alternate translation: “The righteous way that upright people live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 934 | PRO | 16 | 17 | a2qn | figs-metaphor | 0 | turns away from evil | The writer speaks of avoiding or no longer doing evil things as if it were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “keeps them from doing evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 935 | PRO | 16 | 18 | qp3l | figs-metonymy | 0 | a haughty spirit | Here the word “spirit” represents the person’s attitude and temperament. Alternate translation: “an arrogant attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 936 | PRO | 16 | 18 | yz53 | 0 | a downfall | “ruin” or “failure” | ||
| 937 | PRO | 16 | 19 | s4fk | 0 | spoil | goods taken in battle | ||
| 938 | PRO | 16 | 20 | zg3i | figs-activepassive | 0 | what they are taught | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what someone has taught them” or “what they have learned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 939 | PRO | 16 | 21 | lrv9 | figs-activepassive | 0 | The one who is wise in heart is called discerning | This person will have a reputation of being a discerning person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will call the one who is wise in heart discerning” or “The one who is wise in heart will have a reputation of being a discerning person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 940 | PRO | 16 | 21 | hq6m | figs-metonymy | 0 | The one who is wise in heart | Here the heart represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The one who is wise” or “The one who is wise in his thinking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 941 | PRO | 16 | 21 | w5ly | figs-metaphor | 0 | sweetness of speech | The writer speaks of kind or pleasant speech as if it were something that tastes sweet. Alternate translation: “kind speech” or “pleasant speech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 942 | PRO | 16 | 22 | y5ux | figs-metaphor | 0 | Understanding is a fountain of life | The writer speaks of “Understanding” as if it were a fountain that continuously flows with water and which sustains the life of those who drink from it. Alternate translation: “Understanding is like a fountain flowing with life-giving water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 943 | PRO | 16 | 23 | rbc8 | figs-metonymy | 0 | The heart of a wise person gives | Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The thoughts of a wise person gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 944 | PRO | 16 | 23 | qa4q | figs-metonymy | 0 | gives insight to his mouth | Here the word “mouth” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “makes his speech wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 945 | PRO | 16 | 23 | i4qn | figs-metonymy | 0 | to his lips | Here the word “lips” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “to what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 946 | PRO | 16 | 24 | r6ef | figs-metonymy | 0 | sweet to the soul | Possible meanings for the word “soul” are 1) it represents a person’s inward desires and pleasures. Alternate translation: “sweet enough to make a person happy” or 2) it can mean “throat” and is a metonym for a person’s tongue and ability to taste. Alternate translation: “sweet to a person’s taste” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 947 | PRO | 16 | 24 | ye3n | figs-synecdoche | 0 | healing to the bones | Here the word “bones” represent a person’s body. Alternate translation: “healing to the body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 948 | PRO | 16 | 25 | v8l9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | There is a way that seems right to a man | The writer speaks of a person’s conduct or behavior as if it were a road on which the person is traveling. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that the way he is living is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 949 | PRO | 16 | 25 | es6x | 0 | but its end is the way to death | The word “its” refers to “way” in the previous line. This “way” is the road that leads to death. | ||
| 950 | PRO | 16 | 26 | fc7p | figs-personification | 0 | The laborer’s appetite works for him | The writer speaks of the appetite as if it were a person who works on behalf of the laborer. This means that the person who labors is motivated by his desire to eat. Alternate translation: “The laborer works to satisfy his appetite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 951 | PRO | 16 | 26 | gb4l | figs-personification | 0 | his hunger urges him on | The writer speaks of “hunger” as if it were a person who urges the laborer to continue working. Alternate translation: “he keeps on working because he is hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 952 | PRO | 16 | 27 | r16q | figs-metaphor | 0 | A worthless person digs up mischief | The writer speaks of a person trying to find ways to harm other people as if that person were digging in the ground to find something buried. Alternate translation: “A worthless person looks for mischief as if he were digging for something in the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 953 | PRO | 16 | 27 | sga2 | 0 | worthless | “useless” or “wicked” | ||
| 954 | PRO | 16 | 27 | q5zk | 0 | mischief | trouble | ||
| 955 | PRO | 16 | 27 | xs7m | figs-simile | 0 | his speech is like a scorching fire | The writer compares the way this person’s words hurt others with the way that fire burns things. Alternate translation: “he hurts people with his words, like a fire scorches the things it touches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 956 | PRO | 16 | 28 | x2b5 | 0 | a gossip | a person who gossips or spreads rumors | ||
| 957 | PRO | 16 | 29 | mk94 | figs-explicit | 0 | A man of violence lies to his neighbor | It is implied that this man lies to his neighbor in order to get his neighbor to join him in violent actions. Alternate translation: “A man of violence entices his neighbor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 958 | PRO | 16 | 29 | i6a5 | 0 | A man of violence | “A violent man” or “A man who practices violence” | ||
| 959 | PRO | 16 | 29 | f3dd | figs-metaphor | 0 | leads him down a path that is not good | The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if they were a road on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “gets him to do things that are not good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 960 | PRO | 16 | 29 | m8qs | figs-explicit | 0 | a path that is not good | The writer uses an understatement to emphasize how bad this path is. Alternate translation: “a very bad path” or “a terrible path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 961 | PRO | 16 | 30 | p1tu | 0 | The one who winks the eye…those who purse the lips | Both of these are facial gestures which people might use to signal their plans to others. See how you translated “winks the eye” in [Proverbs 10:10](../10/10.md). | ||
| 962 | PRO | 16 | 30 | wy6w | 0 | will bring evil to pass | “will do evil things” | ||
| 963 | PRO | 16 | 31 | aj89 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Gray hair is a crown of glory | The writer speaks of gray hair as if it were a crown. “Gray hair” is a metonym for old age. Alternate translation: “A person who has lived long enough to have gray hair is like one who wears a glorious crown on his head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 964 | PRO | 16 | 31 | y1am | figs-activepassive | 0 | it is gained | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a person gains it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 965 | PRO | 16 | 32 | x3rg | figs-metaphor | 0 | one who rules his spirit | The writer speaks of a person being able to control his own temper and emotions as if he ruled over his spirit like a king rules his people. Alternate translation: “one who controls his temper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 966 | PRO | 16 | 33 | ei8c | figs-activepassive | 0 | The lots are cast into the lap | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person throws the lots into his lap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 967 | PRO | 16 | 33 | js5x | 0 | the decision is from Yahweh | Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh decides how the lots will land or 2) it is not the lots, but Yahweh who determines what will happen. | ||
| 968 | PRO | 17 | intro | br3v | 0 | # Proverbs 17 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br> | |||
| 969 | PRO | 17 | 1 | ecu4 | figs-metonymy | 0 | to have quiet | Here “quiet” refers to “peace.” Alternate translation: “to have peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 970 | PRO | 17 | 1 | p2y8 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | than a house full of feasting with strife | The words “to have” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “than to have a house full of feasting with strife” or “than to be in a house full of feasting where there is strife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
| 971 | PRO | 17 | 3 | fh66 | figs-explicit | 0 | The crucible is for silver and the furnace is for gold | This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. Alternate translation: “The crucible is used to refine silver and the furnace is used to refine gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 972 | PRO | 17 | 3 | fi3n | 0 | crucible | a pot in which metals are melted at a very high temperature | ||
| 973 | PRO | 17 | 3 | aq7i | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh refines hearts | This speaks of Yahweh testing people to help them stop being evil and foolish as if their hearts were a metal that Yahweh was refining to remove everything that is impure. Alternate translation: “Yahweh tests peoples’ hearts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 974 | PRO | 17 | 4 | bar9 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | wicked lips | The word “lips” can be translated as either 1) a synecdoche for the person or 2) a metonym for the words that come out from those lips. Alternate translation: “a wicked person” or “wicked talk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 975 | PRO | 17 | 4 | cj9s | figs-idiom | 0 | gives ear | This idiom means “listens.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 976 | PRO | 17 | 4 | ef8i | figs-synecdoche | 0 | destructive tongue | The word “tongue” can be translated as either 1) a synecdoche for the person or 2) a metonym for the words that the tongue produces. Alternate translation: “a destructive person” or “destructive talk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 977 | PRO | 17 | 5 | a5ue | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the poor | This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 978 | PRO | 17 | 5 | gs4i | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | his Maker | This is a name that refers to Yahweh. This is also an abstract noun that can be written as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who made him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 979 | PRO | 17 | 5 | dj8b | figs-explicit | 0 | at misfortune | This refers to the misfortune of others. Alternate translation: “at others’ misfortune” or “at other peoples’ troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 980 | PRO | 17 | 6 | y71i | figs-metaphor | 0 | are the crown of | This speaks of older peoples’ grandchildren being a sign of honor for them as if their grandchildren were a crown. Alternate translation: “bring honor and respect to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 981 | PRO | 17 | 6 | v99u | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the aged | This refers to older people. Alternate translation: “those who are older” or “older people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 982 | PRO | 17 | 7 | i2ze | 0 | Eloquent speech | “Fine speech” or “Excellent speech” | ||
| 983 | PRO | 17 | 7 | clc1 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | much less are lying lips suitable for royalty | This describes people lying as if it were actually their “lips” that were lying. Alternate translation: “even more it is not suitable for royalty to lie” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 984 | PRO | 17 | 8 | mi9y | figs-simile | 0 | A bribe is like a magic stone to the one who gives it | This speaks of a person’s bribe working by comparing it to a magical stone or amulet. Alternate translation: “A bribe works like a magical stone for the one who gives it” or “A bribe works like magic for the one who is giving the bribe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 985 | PRO | 17 | 8 | iq11 | figs-idiom | 0 | wherever he turns | Here “turning” refers to the various things the person does. Specifically, this refers to the different things the person does by bribery. Alternate translation: “in whatever he does” or “in everything he tries to do by giving bribes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 986 | PRO | 17 | 9 | nk6k | 0 | an offense | an action or word that has hurt him | ||
| 987 | PRO | 17 | 9 | r2e2 | figs-explicit | 0 | who repeats a matter | This refers to bringing up a past situation in which a friend was hurt or offended. Alternate translation: “who repeats a past offense” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 988 | PRO | 17 | 9 | s8p6 | 0 | alienates close friends | “causes people to stop being close friends” or “causes close friends to stop liking each other” | ||
| 989 | PRO | 17 | 10 | dra2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | A rebuke goes deeper into a person…than a hundred blows go into a fool | This compares how a rebuke effects a man of understanding to how a beating effects a fool. This speaks of the effect on these people as if it could be measured by the depth that it goes into them. Alternate translation: “A rebuke has more effect on a person…than a hundred blows have on a fool” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 990 | PRO | 17 | 10 | fs5v | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | a person who has understanding | “a person who has good judgment.” The word “understand” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person who understands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 991 | PRO | 17 | 10 | hy6y | 0 | a hundred blows go | “a beating of a hundred blows goes” | ||
| 992 | PRO | 17 | 11 | rz73 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | seeks rebellion | The word “rebellion” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “seeks to rebel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 993 | PRO | 17 | 11 | zqf6 | figs-activepassive | 0 | a cruel messenger will be sent against him | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a cruel messenger will come against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 994 | PRO | 17 | 11 | suj6 | figs-idiom | 0 | will be sent against him | To be “sent against” someone means to be sent to harm them. Alternate translation: “will be sent to harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 995 | PRO | 17 | 12 | fk5m | figs-activepassive | 0 | a bear robbed of her cubs | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a bear who has just lost her cubs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 996 | PRO | 17 | 12 | j1ly | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | in his foolishness | The word “foolishness” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “who is acting foolish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 997 | PRO | 17 | 13 | p537 | figs-personification | 0 | evil will never leave his house | Here “evil” is spoken of as if it were a person who would not leave the man’s house. Here the word “house” may be taken literally, but it is also a metonym for his family. Alternate translation: “bad things will continue to happen to him and his family” or “bad things will never stop happening to him and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 998 | PRO | 17 | 14 | e1bw | figs-simile | 0 | The beginning of conflict is like one who releases water everywhere | This compares how easily a conflict spreads to how spilled water flows everywhere. Alternate translation: “Starting a conflict is like pumping water and letting it run everywhere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 999 | PRO | 17 | 14 | al2h | 0 | has broken out | “starts”or “begins” | ||
| 1000 | PRO | 17 | 15 | z95a | 0 | acquits | justifies, declares someone not guilty | ||
| 1001 | PRO | 17 | 16 | kk5n | figs-rquestion | 0 | Why should a fool pay money to learn about wisdom, when he has no ability to learn it? | This rhetorical question emphasizes that the fool should not do this. This question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “A fool should not pay money to learn about wisdom because he does not have the ability to learn it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1002 | PRO | 17 | 17 | az6z | figs-explicit | 0 | a brother is born for times of trouble | One of the purposes of a brother is to be there to help his brother or sister in times of trouble. Alternate translation: “a brother is there for times of trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1003 | PRO | 17 | 18 | f3yd | 0 | no sense | “no good judgement” | ||
| 1004 | PRO | 17 | 18 | r6wn | 0 | binding promises | This refers to promises that must be kept and are often a burden on the person who made them. | ||
| 1005 | PRO | 17 | 19 | bpz3 | figs-explicit | 0 | causes bones to be broken | This means that someone will trip on the threshold and break bones, probably in their foot. Alternate translation: “is sure to cause someone trip and break their the bones in their foot” or “is sure to cause someone to trip and injure himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1006 | PRO | 17 | 20 | a3mi | figs-metonymy | 0 | who has a crooked heart | The “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “who is deceptive” or “who is dishonest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1007 | PRO | 17 | 20 | s659 | figs-metonymy | 0 | has a perverse tongue | The “tongue” represents a person’s speech. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks wickedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1008 | PRO | 17 | 20 | qjp9 | figs-idiom | 0 | falls into calamity | “falls into trouble” To “fall into” something means to get into that situation. Alternate translation: “will have calamity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1009 | PRO | 17 | 22 | b1n1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | A cheerful heart is good medicine | This speaks of a cheerful heart as being good medicine because it makes you feel better. Alternate translation: “A cheerful heart is like medicine that makes you feel better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1010 | PRO | 17 | 22 | ga2p | figs-metonymy | 0 | A cheerful heart | The “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “Being cheerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1011 | PRO | 17 | 22 | u1vh | figs-metonymy | 0 | a broken spirit | Here the “spirit” represents a person’s feelings and emotional state. A broken spirit refers to a poor emotional state. Alternate translation: “depression” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1012 | PRO | 17 | 22 | gei3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | dries up the bones | A person’s bones represent their physical health and strength. If a person’s bones dry up it means that they are very sick and unhealthy. Alternate translation: “makes a person unhealthy and weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1013 | PRO | 17 | 23 | r7p6 | 0 | to pervert the ways of justice | “to prevent justice from being rendered” or “to pervert justice” | ||
| 1014 | PRO | 17 | 24 | ba2e | figs-metaphor | 0 | sets his face toward wisdom | This speaks of a person’s focus on acting wisely as if he were looking at wisdom. Alternate translation: “focuses on acting wisely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1015 | PRO | 17 | 24 | r7ww | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the eyes of a fool are | This refers to a fool by his eyes to emphasize what he is focusing on. Alternate translation: “the fool is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1016 | PRO | 17 | 24 | qef2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the ends of the earth | This speaks of a fool’s impossible dreams as if they were the ends of the earth to emphasize that they are unrealistic. Alternate translation: “strive for things that are as far from him as the ends of the earth” or “focus on impossible things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1017 | PRO | 17 | 25 | cn74 | 0 | A foolish son is a grief to his father | This speaks of a son causing his father grief as if the son himself were “grief.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son brings grief to his father” | ||
| 1018 | PRO | 17 | 25 | mw1t | 0 | A foolish son…and bitterness to the woman | This speaks of a son causing his mother bitterness as if the son himself were “bitterness.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son…and brings bitterness to the woman” | ||
| 1019 | PRO | 17 | 25 | t9yj | 0 | who bore him | “who gave birth to him” | ||
| 1020 | PRO | 17 | 25 | lm5j | 0 | bitterness | emotional pain, sorrow | ||
| 1021 | PRO | 17 | 26 | lw6w | figs-litotes | 0 | it is never good…neither is it good | These statements can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “it is always wrong…and it is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 1022 | PRO | 17 | 26 | wfd1 | 0 | the righteous person | Another possible meaning is “the innocent person,” anyone whom others have accused of a crime that he did not commit. | ||
| 1023 | PRO | 17 | 26 | s7mg | 0 | flog | whip severely | ||
| 1024 | PRO | 17 | 26 | dj91 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | who have integrity | The word “integrity” can be expressed with the adjective “honest.” Alternate translation: “who are honest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1025 | PRO | 17 | 27 | je2b | figs-explicit | 0 | uses few words | This refers to the way he speaks. Alternate translation: “speaks with few words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1026 | PRO | 17 | 28 | b5ay | figs-activepassive | 0 | Even a fool is thought to be wise | This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “People even think a fool is wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1027 | PRO | 17 | 28 | i81a | figs-idiom | 0 | keeps his mouth shut | This means that he does not speak. Alternate translation: “does not speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1028 | PRO | 17 | 28 | q1jm | figs-activepassive | 0 | he is considered to be intelligent | This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “people consider him to be intelligent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1029 | PRO | 18 | intro | k5qz | 0 | # Proverbs 18 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 18 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br> | |||
| 1030 | PRO | 18 | 1 | n34r | 0 | isolates himself | “keeps away from other people” | ||
| 1031 | PRO | 18 | 1 | vun3 | figs-personification | 0 | quarrels with all sound judgment | This speaks of a person disagreeing with sound judgment as if “sound judgment” were a person he fought with. Alternate translation: “he disagrees with all sound judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 1032 | PRO | 18 | 1 | r3yq | 0 | sound judgment | “good judgment” or “wise choices” | ||
| 1033 | PRO | 18 | 2 | u731 | figs-litotes | 0 | A fool finds no pleasure in understanding, but only | “A fool does not care about understanding, but only about” This means the fool considers “understanding” the opposite of pleasure. Alternate translation: “A fool detests understanding and only finds pleasure in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 1034 | PRO | 18 | 2 | ey4y | figs-explicit | 0 | but only in revealing what is in his own heart | This means that the fool only finds pleasure in telling other people what he feels and desires in his heart. Alternate translation: “but only in telling others what is in his own heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1035 | PRO | 18 | 2 | yp8r | figs-metonymy | 0 | what is in his own heart | The contents of a person’s heart refers to the person’s thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “what he thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1036 | PRO | 18 | 3 | fw1y | figs-personification | 0 | contempt comes with him—along with shame and reproach | Here “contempt,” “shame,” and “reproach” are spoken of as if they are people who accompany a wicked man. Possible meanings are 1) people show contempt towards the wicked man and cause him to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “people feel contempt for him along with shame and reproach” or 2) the wicked man shows contempt for others and causes them to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “he shows his contempt for other people and causes them to feel shame and reproach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 1037 | PRO | 18 | 3 | ps5e | figs-doublet | 0 | shame and reproach | These two words have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize the “shame” felt by either the wicked man or other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
| 1038 | PRO | 18 | 4 | izv2 | figs-parallelism | 0 | The words of a man’s mouth are deep waters;…the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream | These two lines are parallel and it is implied that the man in the first line is a wise man. Alternate translation: “The words of a wise man’s mouth are deep waters;…the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1039 | PRO | 18 | 4 | nv82 | figs-metaphor | 0 | The words of a man’s mouth are deep waters | This speaks of a wise man’s words being profound as if they were profound and as deep as deep waters. Alternate translation: “The words of a man’s mouth are as profound as deep waters” or “The words of a man’s mouth are deep and profound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1040 | PRO | 18 | 4 | mk4j | figs-synecdoche | 0 | a man’s mouth | Here the man is referred to by his mouth to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “of a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1041 | PRO | 18 | 4 | mn87 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream | This speaks of the source of wisdom being plentiful as if it were a gushing spring. The gushing of the spring is spoken of as if it were a flowing stream. Alternate translation: “the source of wisdom is as plentiful as the water of a gushing spring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1042 | PRO | 18 | 5 | fi7d | figs-litotes | 0 | It is not good to…to the righteous person | These phrases can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “It is good to treat the wicked person as he deserves, and to be just to the righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 1043 | PRO | 18 | 6 | p2qv | figs-synecdoche | 0 | A fool’s lips bring | Here the fool is referred to by his “lips” to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “what a fool says brings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1044 | PRO | 18 | 6 | w2xd | 0 | bring | “cause” | ||
| 1045 | PRO | 18 | 6 | zxu7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | his mouth invites a beating | This speaks of the fool saying things that cause people to want to beat him as if he were inviting them to beat him. Alternate translation: “his mouth makes people want to beat him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1046 | PRO | 18 | 6 | z4ii | figs-metonymy | 0 | his mouth | Here what the fool says is referred to as his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1047 | PRO | 18 | 7 | iwj7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | A fool’s mouth…with his lips | Both of these phrases refer to what a fool says. Alternate translation: “What a fool says…by what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1048 | PRO | 18 | 7 | v6hu | 0 | is his ruin | “will ruin him” | ||
| 1049 | PRO | 18 | 7 | e4r4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | he ensnares himself | This speaks of the man causing problems and trouble for himself as if he were trapping himself like a man traps an animal. Alternate translation: “he will cause problems for himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1050 | PRO | 18 | 8 | iu3y | figs-simile | 0 | The words of a gossip are like delicious morsels | This speaks of the words of a gossip being desirable to listen to as if they were delicious food to eat. Alternate translation: “The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to” or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1051 | PRO | 18 | 8 | vd95 | figs-possession | 0 | The words of a gossip | This refers to what a gossiping person says. Alternate translation: “The words that a gossiping person speaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
| 1052 | PRO | 18 | 8 | lms4 | 0 | morsels | small bites of food | ||
| 1053 | PRO | 18 | 8 | mr15 | figs-metaphor | 0 | they go down into the inner parts of the body | This speaks of the words of a gossip going into a person’s mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. Alternate translation: “and they enter a person’s mind and affect his thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1054 | PRO | 18 | 9 | uih2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | one who is slack in his work is a brother to the one who destroys | This speaks of the one who is slack being similar to the one who destroys as if they were actually related. Alternate translation: “is closely related to” or “is very similar to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1055 | PRO | 18 | 9 | i66j | 0 | is slack | “is lazy” or “is not interested” | ||
| 1056 | PRO | 18 | 9 | mch5 | 0 | the one who destroys the most | “the one who destroys everything” or “the one who is always destructive” | ||
| 1057 | PRO | 18 | 10 | ktq8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | The name of Yahweh is a strong tower | This speaks of Yahweh protecting his people as if he were a strong tower in which they could take refuge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh protects like a strong tower” or “Yahweh protects his people like a strong tower” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1058 | PRO | 18 | 10 | f4nm | figs-metonymy | 0 | The name of Yahweh | Here Yahweh is referred to by his name. Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1059 | PRO | 18 | 10 | dtz5 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the righteous | This refers to righteous people. Alternate translation: “those who are righteous” or “righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1060 | PRO | 18 | 10 | gkx2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | runs into it and is safe | This speaks of people seeking safety from Yahweh and Yahweh protecting them as if he were a strong tower that they ran into for safety. Alternate translation: “run to him and they are safe” or “seek him and they are safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1061 | PRO | 18 | 11 | vhu8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | The wealth of the rich is his fortified city | This speaks of a rich person depending on his wealth as if his wealth were a fortified wall that protects him. Alternate translation: “The wealthy person depends on his wealth as a city depends on its fortified wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1062 | PRO | 18 | 11 | bgq7 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the rich | This refers to people who are rich. Alternate translation: “the rich person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1063 | PRO | 18 | 11 | tz4b | 0 | fortified city | a city with strong defenses like walls and towers | ||
| 1064 | PRO | 18 | 11 | kei5 | figs-simile | 0 | in his imagination it is like a high wall | This speaks of the rich person believing his wealth will keep him safe like a high wall keeps those inside a city safe. Alternate translation: “he thinks it protects him as well as a high wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1065 | PRO | 18 | 12 | r28e | 0 | Before his downfall a person’s heart is proud | “First a person’s heart is proud, but then comes his downfall” | ||
| 1066 | PRO | 18 | 12 | uet1 | 0 | downfall | This refers to a significant decline in a person’s reputation or health. | ||
| 1067 | PRO | 18 | 12 | t2l5 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | a person’s heart | Here a person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1068 | PRO | 18 | 12 | dy4x | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | humility comes before honor | The word “humility” may be expressed as an adjective and the word “honor” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person must be humble before he can be honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1069 | PRO | 18 | 13 | cj6q | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | it is his folly and shame | The abstract nouns “folly” and “shame” may be expressed as adjectives. Alternate translation: “it is foolish of him, and he should be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1070 | PRO | 18 | 14 | jnm1 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | A person’s spirit will survive sickness | Here a person is referred to by his spirit to emphasize his attitude. Alternate translation: “A person who is hopeful will survive sickness” or “If a person is full of hope in his inner being, he will survive being sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1071 | PRO | 18 | 14 | v3f4 | figs-rquestion | 0 | but a broken spirit who can bear it? | This is a rhetorical question, expecting the answer that few can bear it. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “but it is very hard to bear a broken spirit.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1072 | PRO | 18 | 14 | b1vb | figs-idiom | 0 | a broken spirit | This refers to being depressed. Alternate translation: “being depressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1073 | PRO | 18 | 15 | e4fm | figs-synecdoche | 0 | The heart of the intelligent acquires | Here the intelligent person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his desires. Alternate translation: “The intelligent desire to acquire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1074 | PRO | 18 | 15 | p7l8 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the intelligent | This refers to people who are intelligent. Alternate translation: “those who are intelligent” or “intelligent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1075 | PRO | 18 | 15 | ptl8 | 0 | acquires | “gains” or “obtains” | ||
| 1076 | PRO | 18 | 15 | xwh7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the hearing of the wise seeks it out | Here the wise person is referred to by his hearing to emphasize what he desires to listen to. Alternate translation: “the wise seeks to learn about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1077 | PRO | 18 | 15 | a1ba | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the wise | This refers to people who are wise. Alternate translation: “those who are wise” or “wise people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1078 | PRO | 18 | 15 | enq3 | 0 | seeks it out | Here the word “it” refers to “knowledge” | ||
| 1079 | PRO | 18 | 16 | zkj3 | figs-idiom | 0 | may open the way | Here to “open the way” means to create an opportunity. Alternate translation: “may create an opportunity for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1080 | PRO | 18 | 16 | wr8f | figs-idiom | 0 | bring him before | This means to be allowed to see someone. Alternate translation: “let him meet” or “let him be introduced to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1081 | PRO | 18 | 17 | ct71 | translate-ordinal | 0 | The first to plead his case | This refers to the person who pleads his case before his opponent pleads his case. Alternate translation: “The first person to plead his case” or “The person who pleads his case first” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1082 | PRO | 18 | 18 | qs89 | 0 | Casting the lot | “Casting lots” | ||
| 1083 | PRO | 18 | 18 | n3hk | figs-explicit | 0 | separates strong opponents | This refers to people who are fighting harshly over a dispute. When they are separated, they are no longer fighting over their dispute. Alternate translation: “causes opponents to stop fighting over their dispute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1084 | PRO | 18 | 19 | dcj5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | An offended brother is harder to be won than a strong city | This speaks of the difficulty of making peace with a brother you have offended by comparing it to the difficulty of winning a war against a strong city. Alternate translation: “If you offend your brother, finding a way to have peace with him again may be harder than waging a battle to win a city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1085 | PRO | 18 | 19 | zq5y | figs-simile | 0 | quarreling is like the bars of a castle | This speaks of the difficulty of resolving quarreling by comparing it to the difficulty of breaking down the bars of a castle. Alternate translation: “resolving quarreling is as difficult as breaking down the bars of a castle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1086 | PRO | 18 | 19 | ef13 | 0 | castle | a fortified palace | ||
| 1087 | PRO | 18 | 20 | qaf4 | figs-parallelism | 0 | From the fruit of his mouth one’s stomach is filled; with the harvest of his lips he is satisfied | These two lines have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize what is said. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “A person is satisfied by the results of the good things that he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 1088 | PRO | 18 | 20 | h4tr | figs-metaphor | 0 | the fruit of his mouth | This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that came from his mouth. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1089 | PRO | 18 | 20 | p1z6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | one’s stomach is filled | This speaks of a person being satisfied or content by the result of what they have said as if they had eaten and become satisfied” Alternate translation: “a person is satisfied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1090 | PRO | 18 | 20 | r4ee | figs-metonymy | 0 | the harvest of his lips | This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that is harvested. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1091 | PRO | 18 | 20 | x66t | 0 | he is satisfied | “he is pleased” | ||
| 1092 | PRO | 18 | 21 | flt4 | figs-activepassive | 0 | Death and life are controlled by the tongue | This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “The tongue can lead to life of death” or “What people say can lead to life or death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1093 | PRO | 18 | 21 | n65f | figs-metonymy | 0 | by the tongue…love the tongue | Here the “tongue” refers to speech. Alternate translation: “by what people say…love speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1094 | PRO | 18 | 21 | l141 | figs-metaphor | 0 | will eat its fruit | This speaks of a person receiving the consequence for what he says as if the consequences were fruit that he receives. Alternate translation: “will receive its consequences” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1095 | PRO | 18 | 24 | wg3n | figs-activepassive | 0 | many friends is brought to ruin by them | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “many friends--they will bring him to ruin” or “many friends--his friends will destroy him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1096 | PRO | 18 | 24 | zc7f | 0 | comes closer than | “is more faithful than” or “stays more loyal than” | ||
| 1097 | PRO | 19 | intro | nbz8 | 0 | # Proverbs 19 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 19 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br> | |||
| 1098 | PRO | 19 | 1 | ev8n | 0 | Better is a poor person | “It is better to be a poor person” | ||
| 1099 | PRO | 19 | 1 | bpi4 | figs-idiom | 0 | who walks in his integrity | This is an idiom. Here walking refers to living. Alternate translation: “who lives in his integrity” or “who lives an honest life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1100 | PRO | 19 | 1 | wj4i | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | is perverse in speech | The word “speech” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks in an evil way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1101 | PRO | 19 | 2 | u1uj | figs-explicit | 0 | to have desire without knowledge | This refers to people trying to do something without the knowledge for how to correctly do it. Alternate translation: “to work hard without knowing what you are doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1102 | PRO | 19 | 2 | f2pu | figs-metaphor | 0 | the one who runs too fast misses the path | This speaks of a person doing something too quickly and making mistakes as if running too quickly and missing the path. Alternate translation: “the one who acts too quickly makes mistakes” or “the one who acts too quickly makes poor choices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1103 | PRO | 19 | 3 | ivv9 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | his heart rages | Here a person is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions. Alternate translation: “he rages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1104 | PRO | 19 | 4 | q8uv | figs-explicit | 0 | Wealth adds many friends | This means that a person who is wealthy will have many friends because wealth attracts people. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who are wealthy easily find many friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1105 | PRO | 19 | 4 | v5qy | figs-explicit | 0 | a poor person is separated from his friends | A poor person is separated from many of his friends because of his poverty. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “poverty causes a person to lose his friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1106 | PRO | 19 | 5 | l99e | figs-doublenegatives | 0 | A false witness will not go unpunished | This can be written in positive and active form. Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1107 | PRO | 19 | 5 | i2ws | figs-litotes | 0 | he who breathes out lies will not escape | This means that he will be captured. Alternate translation: “they will capture the one who breathes out lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 1108 | PRO | 19 | 5 | q13j | figs-idiom | 0 | breathes out lies | This is an idiom. Here “breathes” refers to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1109 | PRO | 19 | 6 | gms6 | 0 | a generous person | someone who often gives away things | ||
| 1110 | PRO | 19 | 6 | q978 | figs-hyperbole | 0 | everyone is a friend | The word “everyone” is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “it seems that everyone is a friend” or “almost everyone is a friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
| 1111 | PRO | 19 | 7 | vs3i | figs-explicit | 0 | how much more do his friends who go far away from him! | This phrase is an exclamation to show that this is more likely than the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “therefore his friends will certainly hate him and go far away from him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1112 | PRO | 19 | 8 | ll4q | figs-metonymy | 0 | loves his own life | Here the person is referred to by his “life” to emphasize himself being alive. Alternate translation: “loves himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1113 | PRO | 19 | 8 | v9e9 | 0 | keeps understanding | “has understanding” | ||
| 1114 | PRO | 19 | 9 | phm9 | figs-doublenegatives | 0 | A false witness will not go unpunished | This can be written in positive and active form. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:5](../19/05.md). Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1115 | PRO | 19 | 9 | a1nm | figs-idiom | 0 | breathes out lies | This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1116 | PRO | 19 | 10 | f4zn | 0 | It is not fitting | “It is not right” | ||
| 1117 | PRO | 19 | 10 | pq5q | figs-ellipsis | 0 | much less for a slave | The words “it is” and “fitting” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “it is much less fitting for a slave” or “it is even worse for a slave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
| 1118 | PRO | 19 | 11 | ah27 | 0 | Discretion makes a person slow to anger | “A person who has discretion is slow to become angry” | ||
| 1119 | PRO | 19 | 11 | j1li | 0 | Discretion | This means to know what should be done in a particular situation. See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md). | ||
| 1120 | PRO | 19 | 11 | p96c | 0 | it is his glory to overlook | “it will bring him glory to overlook” or “others will consider it honorable if he overlooks” | ||
| 1121 | PRO | 19 | 11 | gc21 | 0 | to overlook | to forget on purpose | ||
| 1122 | PRO | 19 | 12 | vbv5 | figs-simile | 0 | The wrath of the king is like the roaring of a young lion | Here the lion’s roaring refers to attacking. The wrath of a king is compared to the unpredictable and dangerous attack of a young lion. Alternate translation: “The wrath of the king is as dangerous as the attack of a young lion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1123 | PRO | 19 | 12 | m29g | figs-simile | 0 | but his favor is like dew on the grass | The favor of the king is compared to the refreshing water that appears on grass in the morning. Alternate translation: “but his favor is refreshing like dew on grass” or “but his favor is refreshing like the dew on the ground in the morning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1124 | PRO | 19 | 13 | v325 | 0 | is ruin to his father | “will ruin a father” | ||
| 1125 | PRO | 19 | 13 | s1nw | figs-metaphor | 0 | a quarreling wife is a constant dripping of water | This speaks of an annoying wife as if she were the constant dripping of water. Alternate translation: “a quarreling wife is as annoying and distracting as a constant dripping of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1126 | PRO | 19 | 13 | l7wk | 0 | a quarreling wife | “an arguing wife” or “a disagreeing wife” | ||
| 1127 | PRO | 19 | 14 | t54q | figs-activepassive | 0 | A house and wealth are inherited from parents | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Children inherit a house and wealth from their parents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1128 | PRO | 19 | 14 | csr4 | 0 | prudent | See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md). | ||
| 1129 | PRO | 19 | 14 | jw8q | figs-activepassive | 0 | a prudent wife is from Yahweh | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gives a prudent wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1130 | PRO | 19 | 15 | ye6v | figs-personification | 0 | Laziness throws a person into a deep sleep | This speaks of how laziness causes a person to sleep a lot as if laziness forcefully throws the person into sleep. Alternate translation: “Laziness makes a person sleep a lot” or “A lazy person sleeps a lot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 1131 | PRO | 19 | 15 | jcb5 | figs-idiom | 0 | go hungry | This is an idiom which means to not eat. Alternate translation: “not eat” or “be hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1132 | PRO | 19 | 16 | xr2k | 0 | the command | “the command that he was taught” | ||
| 1133 | PRO | 19 | 16 | v2yl | 0 | guards his life | “protects his life” | ||
| 1134 | PRO | 19 | 16 | ik59 | figs-idiom | 0 | his ways | This is an idiom which refers to how he lives. Alternate translation: “the way that he lives” or “how he lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1135 | PRO | 19 | 17 | zw6r | figs-metaphor | 0 | Whoever is kind to the poor lends to Yahweh | Yahweh considers kindness shown to the poor to be kindness shown to him. One of the ways people are kind to the poor is by giving. Alternate translation: “The person who gives to the poor is giving to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1136 | PRO | 19 | 17 | qx9d | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the poor | This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1137 | PRO | 19 | 18 | nw29 | figs-explicit | 0 | while there is hope | This refers to while the child is young and will still accept discipline and instruction. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “while he is young” or “while he can still be taught” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1138 | PRO | 19 | 18 | md5c | figs-explicit | 0 | and do not set your desire on putting him to death | Possible meanings are 1) this phrase describes punishing your child. Alternate translation: “but do not punish him so severely that he might die” or 2) this phrase describes what it is like if you do not punish your child. Alternate translation: “for if you do not punish him you are helping him destroy himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1139 | PRO | 19 | 18 | hky1 | figs-idiom | 0 | set your desire on putting him | This idiom means to be determined to cause something to happen. Alternate translation: “be determined to put him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1140 | PRO | 19 | 19 | n85t | figs-idiom | 0 | A hot-tempered person | This idiom refers to a person who is easily angered. Alternate translation: “A person who does not control his temper” or “A person who becomes angry quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1141 | PRO | 19 | 19 | f2vs | figs-idiom | 0 | must pay the penalty | This refers to the person bearing the consequences for what happens when he gets angry. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “must bear the consequences of his anger” or “must bear the consequences of what he does in his anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1142 | PRO | 19 | 19 | s1da | figs-explicit | 0 | if you rescue him | “if you save him.” This refers to rescuing him when he has acted out of his anger. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “if you rescue him after he has had an outburst” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1143 | PRO | 19 | 19 | dnq3 | translate-ordinal | 0 | a second time | “another time” or “again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) | |
| 1144 | PRO | 19 | 20 | gby8 | figs-parallelism | 0 | Listen to advice and accept instruction | These two phrases mean basically the same and are repeated to emphasize how important it is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 1145 | PRO | 19 | 20 | egn7 | figs-idiom | 0 | Listen to advice | This is an idiom. Here “listening” does not mean to merely listen, but to learn from the advice you are given and to follow it. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to advice” or “Follow advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1146 | PRO | 19 | 21 | c7qg | figs-metonymy | 0 | in a person’s heart | Here the “heart” is used to refer to the “mind” to emphasize a person’s desire. Alternate translation: “in a person’s mind” or “that a person desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1147 | PRO | 19 | 21 | f82d | 0 | the purpose of Yahweh | “Yahweh’s purpose” or “Yahweh’s plans” | ||
| 1148 | PRO | 19 | 21 | q568 | figs-idiom | 0 | that will stand | This idiom means to “happen.” Alternate translation: “that will happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1149 | PRO | 19 | 23 | x7qy | figs-explicit | 0 | Honor for Yahweh leads people to life; anyone who has it will be satisfied | This means that they will live a long time if they honor Yahweh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who honor Yahweh will live a long time; anyone who honors Yahweh will be satisfied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1150 | PRO | 19 | 23 | h31x | 0 | anyone who has it | Here the word “it” refers to “honor for Yahweh.” | ||
| 1151 | PRO | 19 | 23 | gyg5 | figs-activepassive | 0 | satisfied and not afflicted by harm | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “satisfied; nothing will harm him” or “satisfied; he will be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1152 | PRO | 19 | 24 | wf2e | 0 | sluggard | See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 10:26](../10/26.md). | ||
| 1153 | PRO | 19 | 24 | r5yj | 0 | buries his hand in the dish | “dips his hand in the dish” or “puts his hand in his plate.” In the Biblical culture people usually ate with their hands as people do in many cultures today. | ||
| 1154 | PRO | 19 | 24 | r3ts | figs-explicit | 0 | he will not even bring it back up to his mouth | He does not bring his hand back to his mouth because he is too lazy. Alternate translation: “but he is too lazy to bring his hand up to his mouth to feed himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1155 | PRO | 19 | 25 | svj3 | 0 | Strike a mocker, and the naive person | “If you strike a mocker, the naive person” | ||
| 1156 | PRO | 19 | 25 | k69j | 0 | Strike a mocker | “Punish a mocker” | ||
| 1157 | PRO | 19 | 25 | zh2b | 0 | naive person | “inexperienced person” or “immature person” | ||
| 1158 | PRO | 19 | 25 | v49d | 0 | prudent | See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md). | ||
| 1159 | PRO | 19 | 25 | m391 | 0 | discipline one who is discerning, and | “if you discipline one who is discerning,” | ||
| 1160 | PRO | 19 | 25 | wwq5 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | he will gain knowledge | The abstract noun “knowledge” can be stated as “know.” Alternate translation: “he will know more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1161 | PRO | 19 | 26 | g233 | figs-explicit | 0 | brings shame and reproach | Possible meanings are 1) he brings it to himself. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to himself” or 2) he brings it to his family. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1162 | PRO | 19 | 27 | n4av | figs-metonymy | 0 | If you cease to hear instruction | Here “listening and obeying” is spoken of as if it were “hearing.” Alternate translation: “If you stop paying attention to instruction” or “If you stop obeying instruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1163 | PRO | 19 | 27 | s24z | 0 | you will stray from | “you will abandon” or “you will turn your back on” | ||
| 1164 | PRO | 19 | 27 | y3ln | 0 | the words of knowledge | “knowledge” | ||
| 1165 | PRO | 19 | 28 | d2w1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the mouth of the wicked swallows iniquity | This speaks of how wicked people enjoy doing evil by saying that they swallow iniquity as easily as they swallow food. Alternate translation: “the wicked enjoy doing evil as much as they enjoy eating food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1166 | PRO | 19 | 28 | aq9f | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the mouth of the wicked swallows | The phrase “the mouth of the wicked” represents wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people swallow” or “the wicked swallow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1167 | PRO | 19 | 28 | g9y4 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the wicked | This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1168 | PRO | 19 | 29 | d4f3 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Condemnation is ready for mockers and flogging for | The words “condemnation” and “flogging” may be expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is ready to condemn mockers and to flog” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1169 | PRO | 19 | 29 | ray2 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | flogging for the backs of fools | The words “is ready” are understood from the previous phrase and may be repeated. Alternate translation: “flogging is ready for the backs of fools” or “he is ready to flog the backs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
| 1170 | PRO | 19 | 29 | r21d | 0 | flogging | beating with a whip or stick | ||
| 1171 | PRO | 20 | intro | e8g2 | 0 | # Proverbs 20 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 20 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br> | |||
| 1172 | PRO | 20 | 1 | p893 | figs-parallelism | 0 | Wine is a mocker and strong drink is a brawler | These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize the danger of too much alcohol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 1173 | PRO | 20 | 1 | v7zx | figs-metonymy | 0 | Wine is a mocker | Here “wine” refers to the person who is drunk with wine. Alternate translation: “A person who is drunk with wine mocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1174 | PRO | 20 | 1 | qa7m | figs-metonymy | 0 | strong drink is a brawler | Here “strong drink” refers to a person who is drunk with strong drink. Alternate translation: “a person who is drunk with strong drink starts fights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1175 | PRO | 20 | 1 | c6m7 | 0 | a brawler | a person who fights noisily, usually in a public place | ||
| 1176 | PRO | 20 | 1 | ne6h | figs-activepassive | 0 | whoever is led astray by drink is not wise | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whoever drinks until they can no longer think clearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1177 | PRO | 20 | 1 | g7rv | 0 | by drink | Here “drink” refers to alcoholic drinks | ||
| 1178 | PRO | 20 | 1 | k4sv | figs-litotes | 0 | is not wise | This means the opposite of “wise” which is “foolish.” Alternate translation: “is foolish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 1179 | PRO | 20 | 2 | p628 | figs-simile | 0 | The fear of a king is like the fear of a young lion that is roaring | This compares how people fear a king’s wrath to how they fear a young roaring lion. Alternate translation: “The king’s wrath makes people as afraid as if they were facing a young lion roaring at them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1180 | PRO | 20 | 2 | xa6x | 0 | makes him angry | “makes the king angry” | ||
| 1181 | PRO | 20 | 2 | rl5y | figs-euphemism | 0 | forfeits his life | This refers to being killed. “Life” here refers to physical life. Alternate translation: “will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
| 1182 | PRO | 20 | 3 | ru7h | 0 | It is an honor | “It is honorable.” This means that a person will be honored. | ||
| 1183 | PRO | 20 | 3 | gf5b | figs-metaphor | 0 | every fool jumps into an argument | This speaks of entering an argument quickly as if the argument were something the fool physically jumped into. Alternate translation: “every fool quickly gets into an argument” or “every fool is quick to join an argument” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1184 | PRO | 20 | 4 | cva3 | 0 | plow | to prepare land for planting | ||
| 1185 | PRO | 20 | 4 | tdr6 | 0 | in autumn | “during the season for planting crops” | ||
| 1186 | PRO | 20 | 4 | z5wi | figs-explicit | 0 | but will have nothing | This means that there will be nothing growing in his field for him to harvest. Alternate translation: “but will have nothing to harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1187 | PRO | 20 | 5 | f8de | figs-simile | 0 | The purpose in a human heart is like deep water | This speaks of how difficult it is to understand the reasons for a person’s actions by comparing it to the difficulty of reaching the water in a deep well. Alternate translation: “It is as difficult to understand the purpose in the human heart as it is to reach the water in a deep well” or “The purpose of in the human heart is very difficult to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1188 | PRO | 20 | 5 | qr3j | 0 | someone with understanding | “a person who has understanding” | ||
| 1189 | PRO | 20 | 5 | fk7w | figs-metaphor | 0 | will draw it out | This speaks of figuring out the purpose of the human heart as if it was water being drawn from a deep well. Alternate translation: “will cause the purpose to be known” or “will figure it out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1190 | PRO | 20 | 6 | lmq9 | 0 | is loyal | “is faithful” or “is trustworthy” | ||
| 1191 | PRO | 20 | 6 | xut9 | figs-rquestion | 0 | but who can find one who is faithful? | The implicit answer is “few can find someone like that.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “but few men can find a person who is faithful!” or “but it is hard to find a person who really is faithful!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1192 | PRO | 20 | 7 | s7th | figs-idiom | 0 | walks in his integrity | Here walking refers to living. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:1](../19/01.md). Alternate translation: “lives by his integrity” or “lives an honest life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1193 | PRO | 20 | 7 | y2ed | figs-explicit | 0 | his sons who follow after him | This simply means that they “follow after him” since they are younger than he and his children. If this phrase is awkward in your language it may be left to be implied. Alternate translation: “his sons after him” or “his sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1194 | PRO | 20 | 8 | j9up | figs-metaphor | 0 | is winnowing with his eyes all the evil that is before him | This speaks of the king judging between various types of evil as if he were separating them as a person winnows grain. Alternate translation: “sees and sorts the different kinds of evils that are brought before him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1195 | PRO | 20 | 9 | p5m8 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Who can say, “I have kept my heart pure; I am clean from my sin”? | The implicit answer to this question is, “No one can say that.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can say that his heart is clean and that he is free from sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1196 | PRO | 20 | 9 | s43m | figs-metonymy | 0 | my heart | Here a person’s “heart” refers to his thoughts and desires. Alternate translation: “my thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1197 | PRO | 20 | 9 | d5hx | figs-metaphor | 0 | clean | A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person where physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1198 | PRO | 20 | 9 | xb5x | 0 | I am clean from my sin | “I am without sin” or “I have not sinned” | ||
| 1199 | PRO | 20 | 11 | yym3 | figs-activepassive | 0 | Even a youth is known by his actions | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People know a young man by his actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1200 | PRO | 20 | 11 | m4db | 0 | whether his conduct is pure and upright | “whether his conduct is pure and upright or not” | ||
| 1201 | PRO | 20 | 11 | xm83 | 0 | his conduct | “his deeds” or “what he does” | ||
| 1202 | PRO | 20 | 11 | we5b | figs-doublet | 0 | pure and upright | These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how good this young person is. They can be combined into one word if necessary. Alternate translation: “pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
| 1203 | PRO | 20 | 13 | h9et | figs-idiom | 0 | come to poverty | The phrase “come to” here means to transition into a new situation; to become. Alternate translation: “become poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1204 | PRO | 20 | 13 | ee3x | figs-metonymy | 0 | open your eyes | Here “opening one’s eyes” is spoken of as “being awake.” Alternate translation: “stay awake” or “be alert” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1205 | PRO | 20 | 14 | zh4l | figs-explicit | 0 | “Bad! Bad!” says the buyer, but when he goes away he boasts | Here a buyer is criticizing what someone is selling to get a low price from him. After he buys he boasts about the good price that he pursuaded the seller to give him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “‘Bad! Bad!’ says the buyer criticizing the seller’s wares, but after he buys he goes away he boasting about the low price that he paid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1206 | PRO | 20 | 15 | cv2k | figs-metaphor | 0 | lips of knowledge are a precious jewel | This speaks of the value of lips of knowledge by comparing them to a precious jewel. Alternate translation: “lips of knowledge are as valuable as an expensive jewel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1207 | PRO | 20 | 15 | tt4d | figs-metonymy | 0 | lips of knowledge | Here “words” are referred to as “lips.” Alternate translation: “wise words” or “words of knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1208 | PRO | 20 | 16 | sn35 | figs-explicit | 0 | Take a garment of one who has put up security for a stranger | When lending money, the lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1209 | PRO | 20 | 16 | cv1m | figs-idiom | 0 | puts up security | This is an idiom. It means that someone gives something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. Alternate translation: “guarantees that what has been borrowed will be paid back” or “promises to pay a loan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1210 | PRO | 20 | 16 | e647 | figs-idiom | 0 | hold it in pledge | This is an idiom. To “hold something in pledge” means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. Alternate translation: “hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1211 | PRO | 20 | 17 | zi4r | figs-activepassive | 0 | Bread gained by deceit | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bread that someone gained by deceit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1212 | PRO | 20 | 17 | gjt2 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | by deceit | The word “deceit” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “by deceiving others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1213 | PRO | 20 | 17 | lnt5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Bread | Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “Food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1214 | PRO | 20 | 17 | fz1i | 0 | tastes sweet | “tastes good” | ||
| 1215 | PRO | 20 | 17 | tu5a | figs-metaphor | 0 | but afterward his mouth will be full of gravel | This speaks of the food tasting unpleasant as if his mouth were actually full of gravel instead of food. Alternate translation: “but afterwards it tastes like gravel in his mouth” or “but soon it tastes like sand in his mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1216 | PRO | 20 | 17 | du9w | 0 | gravel | small pieces of rock | ||
| 1217 | PRO | 20 | 18 | mjl4 | figs-activepassive | 0 | Plans are established by advice | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People establish plans based on advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1218 | PRO | 20 | 19 | i4ch | 0 | A gossip | This means someone who gossips a lot. | ||
| 1219 | PRO | 20 | 19 | i2mb | 0 | you should not associate with | “you should not be friends with” | ||
| 1220 | PRO | 20 | 20 | v9ff | 0 | If a person curses | This means if a someone express a desire that bad things will happen to someone else. | ||
| 1221 | PRO | 20 | 20 | el23 | figs-metaphor | 0 | his lamp will be snuffed out in the middle of darkness | This speaks of a person dying suddenly and unexpectedly as if his life were a lamp snuffed out in the dark. Alternate translation: “his life will end as suddenly as the light of a lamp that is snuffed out in the dark” or “he will die suddenly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1222 | PRO | 20 | 20 | e6a4 | figs-activepassive | 0 | his lamp will be snuffed out | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his lamp will go out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1223 | PRO | 20 | 20 | un31 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | his lamp | This refers to a lamp with a burning flame. Here the lamp’s flame is referred to as the lamp itself. Alternate translation: “the flame of his lamp” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1224 | PRO | 20 | 20 | a13a | 0 | snuffed out | to cause a flame to go out | ||
| 1225 | PRO | 20 | 21 | mk5b | figs-explicit | 0 | at the beginning | This refers to a person receiving his inheritance before he is supposed to receive it. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “before the right time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1226 | PRO | 20 | 22 | pj94 | figs-idiom | 0 | I will pay you back | This means to do wrong to someone because they have done wrong to you. Alternate translation: “I will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1227 | PRO | 20 | 22 | ti5g | figs-idiom | 0 | Wait for Yahweh | This means to have faith that Yahweh will deal with the situation. Alternate translation: “Have faith in Yahweh” or “Hope in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1228 | PRO | 20 | 23 | x2rc | figs-parallelism | 0 | Yahweh hates unequal weights and dishonest scales are not good | These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are combined to emphasize how bad this is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 1229 | PRO | 20 | 24 | re6n | figs-activepassive | 0 | A person’s steps are directed by Yahweh | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh directs a person’s steps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1230 | PRO | 20 | 24 | i9ej | figs-synecdoche | 0 | A person’s steps | This refers to the various things a person does. Alternate translation: “A person’s actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1231 | PRO | 20 | 24 | mfy9 | figs-rquestion | 0 | how then can he understand his way? | The implicit answer is that he cannot understand it. This rhetorical question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “therefore, a person cannot understand his way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1232 | PRO | 20 | 24 | s44t | figs-idiom | 0 | understand his way | This is an idiom. The phrase “his way” refers to the person’s life. Alternate translation: “understand why some things happen in his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1233 | PRO | 20 | 25 | qfw5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | It is a snare | This speaks of something being dangerous as if it were a trap or a snare. Alternate translation: “It is dangerous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1234 | PRO | 20 | 25 | x37x | 0 | to say rashly | to say something quickly and without careful consideration of what it might mean | ||
| 1235 | PRO | 20 | 25 | tt8z | figs-explicit | 0 | making his vow | The person has made a vow declaring that something is holy and dedicated to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “dedicating it to Yahweh” or “declaring it holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1236 | PRO | 20 | 26 | cgd9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | winnows the wicked | This speaks of the king separating the wicked people as if they were grain that he was winnowing. Alternate translation: “separates the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1237 | PRO | 20 | 26 | m44h | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the wicked | This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked” or “the wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1238 | PRO | 20 | 26 | rs2y | figs-metaphor | 0 | he turns a threshing wheel over them | This speaks of the king punishing the wicked as if he were driving a threshing wheel over them. Alternate translation: “he severely punishes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1239 | PRO | 20 | 26 | sy6b | 0 | threshing wheel | “threshing cart.” This is a tool used to crush grain and help separate it from the chaff. | ||
| 1240 | PRO | 20 | 27 | x5vx | figs-metaphor | 0 | The spirit of a person is the lamp of Yahweh, searching all his inmost parts | This speaks of a person’s spirit as if it were a lamp. A person’s spirit helps him to understand his inner self. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given us a spirit to understand our deepest selves, just as a lamp makes you see in the dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1241 | PRO | 20 | 28 | f9he | figs-activepassive | 0 | Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness preserve the king | The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The king preserves himself by being trustworthy and faithful to the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1242 | PRO | 20 | 28 | dyd6 | 0 | preserve the king | keep the king safe from harm | ||
| 1243 | PRO | 20 | 28 | dym8 | figs-metonymy | 0 | his throne is made secure by love | Here “throne” represents the king’s power to rule. The abstract noun “love” can be stated as a verb. Also, this can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a king ensures that he will rule for a long time by loving others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1244 | PRO | 20 | 30 | g7u1 | figs-parallelism | 0 | Blows that make a wound cleanse away evil and beatings make the innermost parts clean | Both statements mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. Using physical punishment to correct a person is spoken of as if the evil were dirt and the beatings cleansed him. Alternate translation: “Beating a person who has done wrong will correct him and cause him to be a better person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1245 | PRO | 21 | intro | ge8s | 0 | # Proverbs 21 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 21 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br> | |||
| 1246 | PRO | 21 | 1 | w5md | figs-metaphor | 0 | The king’s heart is a stream of water in the hand of Yahweh | The writer speaks of the king’s heart as if it were an irrigation ditch in a dry area through which people direct water to plants that need it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh controls the king’s heart as a man directs water for irrigation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1247 | PRO | 21 | 1 | t1m8 | figs-metonymy | 0 | The king’s heart | The heart is a metaphor for what a person thinks and what he wants to do. Alternate translation: “The king’s thoughts and actions” or “What the king thinks and what he wants to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1248 | PRO | 21 | 2 | yz3c | figs-metaphor | 0 | Every person’s way is right in his own eyes | The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if it that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “Every person thinks that what he does is good” or “Every person judges what he does as good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1249 | PRO | 21 | 2 | xmb4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | who weighs the hearts | The writer speaks of Yahweh deciding whether a person desires to do what is right as if Yahweh were looking at a physical object and deciding whether it is of good quality. Alternate translation: “who will judge the motives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1250 | PRO | 21 | 3 | qs6t | 0 | To do what is right | “To do what Yahweh thinks is right” | ||
| 1251 | PRO | 21 | 3 | ezq6 | 0 | To do what is…just | “To treat people the way Yahweh wants people to treat other people” | ||
| 1252 | PRO | 21 | 3 | f31f | 0 | just is more acceptable to Yahweh | “just—Yahweh wants this more” | ||
| 1253 | PRO | 21 | 4 | ps7v | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Haughty eyes and a proud heart | The words “eyes” and “heart” are synecdoches for a person who considers himself better than other people and wants other people to know it. Alternate translation: “People who want others to think that they are better than other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
| 1254 | PRO | 21 | 4 | xvr4 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Haughty eyes | This is a synecdoche for a person who wants others to know that he thinks he is better than they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1255 | PRO | 21 | 4 | gk4s | figs-synecdoche | 0 | proud heart | This is a synecdoche for a person who thinks he is better than others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1256 | PRO | 21 | 4 | y68u | figs-metaphor | 0 | the lamp of the wicked | The things that help the wicked are spoken of as a lamp. Alternate translation: “the things that help a wicked person like a lamp helps to see in the dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1257 | PRO | 21 | 5 | mmd8 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the diligent | This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “a diligent man” or “a man who works hard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1258 | PRO | 21 | 5 | xi4l | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | comes only to poverty | The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “only becomes poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1259 | PRO | 21 | 6 | vsi8 | 0 | Acquiring riches | “Gaining wealth” | ||
| 1260 | PRO | 21 | 6 | bc5d | figs-metonymy | 0 | a lying tongue | The tongue is a metonym for the words a person uses the tongue to speak. Alternate translation: “speaking lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1261 | PRO | 21 | 6 | w3kd | figs-metaphor | 0 | a fleeting vapor | The writer likens the riches a person gains by lying to a mist that quickly goes away in the morning. Alternate translation: “a disappearing mist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1262 | PRO | 21 | 6 | l9ag | figs-metaphor | 0 | a snare that kills | The writer speaks of the riches that a person gains by lying as if it were the bait in a hunter’s trap; the word “snare” is a metonym for the bait that attracts the animal into the snare. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1263 | PRO | 21 | 7 | zn7h | figs-personification | 0 | The violence of the wicked will drag them away | The writer speaks as though violence were a person who could drag other people away. God will punish wicked people who harm their innocent neighbors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 1264 | PRO | 21 | 7 | ce4f | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | violence of the wicked | The abstract noun “violence” refers to violent deeds or things people do to harm their innocent neighbors. The word “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “The violent actions of wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1265 | PRO | 21 | 7 | i5j5 | figs-explicit | 0 | drag them away | This phrase refers to dragging a net through water to catch fish. The wicked being destroyed by their own actions is spoken of as if their actions trapped them in a net like one would catch fish. AT “drag them away like fish” or “destroy them as easily as one catches fish in a net” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1266 | PRO | 21 | 8 | qgr2 | figs-idiom | 0 | The way of a guilty person is crooked | This compares the way one lives to a crooked road one may travel. This is also an idiom. Alternate translation: “The way a guilty person lives is crooked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1267 | PRO | 21 | 8 | y9c2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | crooked | Here “crooked” means bent or not straight. This is a metaphor for morally wrong. Alternate translation: “wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1268 | PRO | 21 | 9 | gff3 | figs-explicit | 0 | a corner of the roof | Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1269 | PRO | 21 | 9 | j9e1 | 0 | quarrelsome wife | “wife who often argues and complains” | ||
| 1270 | PRO | 21 | 10 | x3rs | figs-personification | 0 | The appetite of the wicked craves evil | The writer speaks of a person’s appetite, the physical desire for food and drink, as if it were a person who could desire something. The word “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil people, and the word “evil” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil deeds. Alternate translation: “Evil people desire to do evil deeds just as they desire to eat and drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1271 | PRO | 21 | 10 | a2dz | 0 | craves | desires strongly | ||
| 1272 | PRO | 21 | 10 | d5qd | figs-idiom | 0 | his neighbor finds no favor in his eyes | The idiom to “find favor” means to have someone approve of and act kindly towards the one who finds favor. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents a person’s thoughts and attitude towards another person. Alternate translation: “his neighbor does not receive favor from him” or “he does not act kindly towards his neighbor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1273 | PRO | 21 | 11 | rd8s | figs-activepassive | 0 | When the mocker is punished | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When someone punishes the mocker” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1274 | PRO | 21 | 11 | a11r | 0 | the naive | “those who have no experience” or “those who are not mature” | ||
| 1275 | PRO | 21 | 11 | a6a5 | 0 | the mocker | “the person who mocks others” | ||
| 1276 | PRO | 21 | 11 | m512 | figs-activepassive | 0 | when the wise person is instructed | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone instructs the wise person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1277 | PRO | 21 | 11 | ylu9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | lays hold of knowledge | Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could grasp and keep for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1278 | PRO | 21 | 12 | t3bj | 0 | The righteous | Possible meanings are 1) any righteous person or 2) “Yahweh the one who is righteous.” | ||
| 1279 | PRO | 21 | 12 | bc3u | 0 | watches the house | “pays careful attention to the house” “looks to see what happens to the house” | ||
| 1280 | PRO | 21 | 12 | tem1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | he brings wicked people to disaster | Here disaster is spoken of as if it were a place that someone could be brought to. Alternate translation: “he destroys them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1281 | PRO | 21 | 13 | uc5n | figs-idiom | 0 | The one who shuts his ears to the cry of the poor | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The one who will not listen when poor people ask for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1282 | PRO | 21 | 13 | iv38 | figs-metonymy | 0 | he will not be answered | The word “answered” is a metonym for a person hearing another person ask for help and acting to help. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will do anything to help him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1283 | PRO | 21 | 14 | h1vz | 0 | appeases anger | “makes an angry person feel better so he is no longer angry” | ||
| 1284 | PRO | 21 | 15 | p2ln | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | When justice is done | The abstract noun “justice” can be translated as a noun phrase. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When rulers do what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1285 | PRO | 21 | 16 | cj4z | figs-idiom | 0 | wanders from the way of understanding | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “no longer lives wisely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1286 | PRO | 21 | 16 | t6m2 | 0 | he will rest in the assembly of the dead | “he will remain in the assembly of dead spirits” | ||
| 1287 | PRO | 21 | 18 | mh2v | figs-metaphor | 0 | is ransom for | The word “ransom” is a metaphor for one person who takes the place of another person. Here the person who does what is wrong is punished instead of the person who does what is right. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1288 | PRO | 21 | 18 | qt7k | 0 | the treacherous | a person who harms those who trust him by lying and otherwise dealing falsely | ||
| 1289 | PRO | 21 | 18 | n28n | 0 | upright people | “righteous people” or “honest people” or “just people” | ||
| 1290 | PRO | 21 | 20 | r84p | figs-nominaladj | 0 | wise | This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “wise person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1291 | PRO | 21 | 20 | nw25 | 0 | swallows it all up | “uses it all for no good purpose” or “wastes it” | ||
| 1292 | PRO | 21 | 22 | d84j | 0 | scales the city | “climbs up and over the wall that surrounds the city” | ||
| 1293 | PRO | 21 | 22 | v5jk | 0 | the city of the mighty ones | “a city in which mighty men are living” or “a city of mighty warriors” | ||
| 1294 | PRO | 21 | 22 | p6cm | figs-idiom | 0 | he brings down | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he destroys” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1295 | PRO | 21 | 22 | w292 | 0 | the stronghold in which they trusted | “the walls and towers around the city that they did not think anyone would be able to get past into the city, so they felt safe” | ||
| 1296 | PRO | 21 | 23 | xw3q | figs-doublet | 0 | Whoever guards his mouth and tongue | Both “mouth” and “tongue” refer to what a person says. Alternate translation: “Whoever is careful in what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1297 | PRO | 21 | 24 | c77j | 0 | The proud and haughty person…acts with arrogant pride | “You can expect a proud and haughty people to act with arrogant pride” | ||
| 1298 | PRO | 21 | 24 | m76a | figs-doublet | 0 | proud and haughty | These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how prideful the person is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
| 1299 | PRO | 21 | 24 | rf25 | figs-metonymy | 0 | “Mocker” is his name | The word “name” is a metonym for what people would call him. Alternate translation: “a mocker is what you should call him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1300 | PRO | 21 | 25 | pzb9 | figs-personification | 0 | The desire of the lazy kills him | The writer speaks of what a person wants as if it were a person who could kill a lazy person. Here the lazy person wants to be idle and not work. Alternate translation: “A lazy person only wants to be idle, and because of that he will die” or “A lazy person will die because he does not want to work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1301 | PRO | 21 | 25 | dt4f | figs-synecdoche | 0 | his hands refuse | The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “he refuses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1302 | PRO | 21 | 26 | vgt6 | 0 | craves | desires strongly | ||
| 1303 | PRO | 21 | 26 | es9x | figs-litotes | 0 | gives and does not hold back | The phrase “does not hold back” can be stated positively, and what he gives can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “gives everything he should” or “gives generously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 1304 | PRO | 21 | 27 | fq9a | 0 | The sacrifice of the wicked is detestable | The writer does not mention Yahweh here, as in [Proverbs 15:8](../15/08.md), but the reader should understand that it is Yahweh who detests the sacrifice of the wicked. | ||
| 1305 | PRO | 21 | 27 | l3le | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the wicked | The nominal adjective “wicked” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” or “wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1306 | PRO | 21 | 27 | iy31 | 0 | it is even more detestable | “Yahweh detests the sacrifice even more” | ||
| 1307 | PRO | 21 | 28 | h8d4 | 0 | will speak for all time | This is because people will never forget what he said. | ||
| 1308 | PRO | 21 | 29 | z6tg | figs-idiom | 0 | makes his face hard | Possible meanings are 1) “pretends to be courageous” or 2) “will not listen to correction.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1309 | PRO | 21 | 29 | ts1r | figs-metaphor | 0 | is certain about his ways | A person’s actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which the person walks. Alternate translation: “is certain about what he does” or “is confident about what he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1310 | PRO | 21 | 30 | n8kt | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | There is no wisdom, there is no understanding, and there is no advice that | The words “there is” are repeated to emphasize the abstract nouns “wisdom,” “understanding,” and “advice.” Yahweh is greater than anything that anyone can know or think or say. Your language may require that you not repeat “there is no.” The abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “There is no wise person, there is no one who understands anything, and there is no one who tells others what to do who” or “There is no wisdom, understanding, or advice that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1311 | PRO | 21 | 30 | k3pe | 0 | stand against Yahweh | “defeat Yahweh” or “work against what Yahweh wants to do” or “show that he is right and Yahweh is wrong” | ||
| 1312 | PRO | 21 | 31 | j1hq | figs-activepassive | 0 | The horse is prepared for the day of battle | These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Soldiers prepare horses for the day of battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1313 | PRO | 21 | 31 | i6w8 | figs-idiom | 0 | the day of battle | The word “day” refers to time that may be longer or shorter than a day. Alternate translation: “when there is a battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1314 | PRO | 22 | intro | t5zj | 0 | # Proverbs 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 22 ends the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to the “Wise Men.” The exact identity of the men is unknown.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>With this new section of proverbs, the author begins to use many rhetorical questions. The obvious answers should convince the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |||
| 1315 | PRO | 22 | 1 | but9 | figs-activepassive | 0 | A good name is to be chosen over great riches | These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person should choose a good name rather than great riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1316 | PRO | 22 | 1 | m8c7 | 0 | A good name | “To have others think that one is a good person” | ||
| 1317 | PRO | 22 | 3 | nt9p | 0 | A prudent man | “A man who is wise” or “A man who has good sense.” See how you translated “prudent” in [Proverbs 12:16](../12/16.md). | ||
| 1318 | PRO | 22 | 3 | cm2a | 0 | the naive | “the inexperienced and immature” | ||
| 1319 | PRO | 22 | 5 | e8f6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Thorns and snares lie in the path of the perverse | The writer speaks of the way perverse people live as if it were a path on which the perverse will have trouble because of the natural “thorns” and man-made “snares.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1320 | PRO | 22 | 5 | r2h1 | 0 | snares | traps to catch animals | ||
| 1321 | PRO | 22 | 5 | dku9 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the perverse | This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “perverse people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1322 | PRO | 22 | 5 | f1ap | figs-metaphor | 0 | whoever guards his life | A person doing what he needs to do so he can live a long time is spoken of as if that person were keeping thieves away from a physical object. Alternate translation: “people who want to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1323 | PRO | 22 | 6 | je4e | figs-metaphor | 0 | the way he should go | How a person lives is spoken of as if it were a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “how he should live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1324 | PRO | 22 | 7 | dk14 | figs-explicit | 0 | borrows…lends | You may need to make explicit what it is that is borrowed or lent. Alternate translation: “borrows money…lends money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1325 | PRO | 22 | 8 | l36j | figs-metaphor | 0 | He who sows injustice will reap trouble | The writer speaks of a ruler or other powerful person treating those less powerful unjustly as if he were planting seeds that will give birth to plants that bring trouble. Alternate translation: “If a person treats those less powerful than he is unjustly, they will cause him trouble later on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1326 | PRO | 22 | 8 | htf6 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the rod of his fury will fade away | The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. Possible meanings are 1) the unjust ruler will lose the power that he had that allowed him to treat other people unjustly or 2) when the people respond to the injustice he had done by harming him, he will have no power to stop them. Alternate translation: “he will no longer have the power that he had used to harm people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1327 | PRO | 22 | 8 | yu9g | figs-metonymy | 0 | rod of his fury | The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. The unjust man was harming innocent people as if he were very angry with them. Alternate translation: “the rod he had used as if he were punishing people” or “the power he used to harm others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1328 | PRO | 22 | 8 | kpt4 | 0 | will fade away | The word translated “fade away” is also used of plants drying up. | ||
| 1329 | PRO | 22 | 9 | nxi8 | figs-activepassive | 0 | The one who has a generous eye will be blessed | These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who has a generous eye” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1330 | PRO | 22 | 9 | zhf7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | one who has a generous eye | The eye is a metonym for seeing what other people need, and the “generous eye” not only sees but gives what the other people need. The eye is also a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “generous person” or “person who is willing to give things to other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1331 | PRO | 22 | 9 | vs46 | figs-metonymy | 0 | bread | Since bread was the main food for many people in biblical times, it is often used to refer to food in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1332 | PRO | 22 | 10 | t6nt | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | disputes and insults will cease | The abstract nouns “disputes” and “insults” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “people will no longer argue with each other or say things to hurt each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1333 | PRO | 22 | 11 | xzb6 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | loves a pure heart | It is his own heart that the person wants to be pure. The heart is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “loves having a pure heart” or “wants to be pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1334 | PRO | 22 | 11 | tlq4 | 0 | is gracious | “is kind” | ||
| 1335 | PRO | 22 | 12 | swt2 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | The eyes of Yahweh keep watch over | The eyes are a synecdoche for the person. The writer speaks as if Yahweh had physical eyes like a person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh keeps watch over” or “Yahweh guards knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 1336 | PRO | 22 | 12 | s2lr | figs-metonymy | 0 | keep watch over knowledge | Keeping watch is s metonym for protecting. Alternate translation: “protect knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1337 | PRO | 22 | 12 | zw3l | 0 | he overthrows | “he destroys” | ||
| 1338 | PRO | 22 | 12 | q7yt | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the treacherous | The nominal adjective treacherous can be translated as a noun phrase. Translate “treacherous” as in [Proverbs 11:3](../11/03.md). Alternate translation: “a treacherous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1339 | PRO | 22 | 13 | jg67 | 0 | The lazy person says | The quote that follows is a lie and an excuse for not working. If your language introduces false statements in a special way, you can use that here. | ||
| 1340 | PRO | 22 | 14 | eq5h | figs-metonymy | 0 | The mouth of an adulteress is a deep pit | The word “mouth” is a metonym for the words that come out of the mouth. The writer speaks of a person being unable to escape having people punish him for evil deeds as if that person had fallen into a hole someone had dug in the ground from which he could not escape. Alternate translation: “The words spoken by an adulteress will draw you in, and it will be as if you have fallen into a deep and dangerous pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1341 | PRO | 22 | 14 | xrc5 | 0 | an adulteress | See how you translated this in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md). | ||
| 1342 | PRO | 22 | 14 | l326 | figs-idiom | 0 | Yahweh’s anger is stirred up | Here “stirred up” means that his anger increased. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1343 | PRO | 22 | 14 | fin1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | falls into it | Adultery is spoken of as if it is something that a person can fall into. Alternate translation: “sins because of the adulteress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1344 | PRO | 22 | 15 | fuj4 | 0 | Foolishness is bound up in the heart of a child | “The heart of a child is full of foolish things” | ||
| 1345 | PRO | 22 | 15 | j283 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the rod of discipline | The writer speaks of a parent using any form of discipline as if that parent were hitting the child with a wooden rod. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1346 | PRO | 22 | 15 | dk18 | figs-metaphor | 0 | drives it far away | The writer speaks as if foolishness were a person that another person could use a physical rod to drive away. Alternate translation: “will make a child wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1347 | PRO | 22 | 16 | w7rc | 0 | to increase his wealth | “to become richer” or “to gain more money” | ||
| 1348 | PRO | 22 | 16 | fm7f | 0 | gives to rich people | “gives money to rich people” | ||
| 1349 | PRO | 22 | 16 | d4td | figs-idiom | 0 | will come to poverty | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will become poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1350 | PRO | 22 | 17 | nnv4 | 0 | General Information: | Verse 17 begins the introduction to a new section of the Book of Proverbs. | ||
| 1351 | PRO | 22 | 17 | lgs9 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Incline your ear and listen | Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated “incline your ear” in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “Pay attention and listen” or “Listen attentively” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1352 | PRO | 22 | 17 | l38x | 0 | the words of the wise | “what wise people say” | ||
| 1353 | PRO | 22 | 17 | pi8n | figs-idiom | 0 | apply your heart to | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “do your best to understand and remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1354 | PRO | 22 | 17 | i9n2 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | my knowledge | The person speaking is probably the same as the father from [Proverbs 1:8](../01/08.md). He may be speaking of “the words of the wise” as “my knowledge.” The abstract noun “knowledge” can be stated as “know.” Alternate translation: “the knowledge I have, which I am sharing with you” or “what I know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1355 | PRO | 22 | 18 | nl9j | figs-metonymy | 0 | all of them are ready on your lips | The person being ready to speak is spoken of as if it were the words that were ready. Alternate translation: “you are able to speak of them at any time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1356 | PRO | 22 | 19 | wr39 | 0 | today—even to you | “today. Yes, I am teaching you,” The speaker is emphasizing that it is the hearer, not someone else whom he is teaching, and he is teaching the hearer because the hearer needs to learn. If it is awkward in your language to emphasize in this way, you can emphasize in another way or the words “even to you” can be left untranslated. | ||
| 1357 | PRO | 22 | 20 | bb5s | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue and end the introduction that began in [Proverbs 22:17](./17.md). | ||
| 1358 | PRO | 22 | 20 | q77c | translate-textvariants | 0 | thirty sayings | Some translations read, “excellent sayings.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) | |
| 1359 | PRO | 22 | 21 | q8xu | figs-rquestion | 0 | to teach you…who sent you? | These words end the rhetorical question that began with the words “Have I not written” in Proverbs 22:20. It can be translated as a statement. “You need to know that I have written…to teach you…who sent you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1360 | PRO | 22 | 21 | l5jf | 0 | to those who sent you | This implies that the hearer is or will be one whom others send to gain and bring back information. | ||
| 1361 | PRO | 22 | 22 | y27s | 0 | General Information: | These verses begin the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1362 | PRO | 22 | 22 | aq5t | 0 | Do not rob…or crush | If your language has a way of showing that this is the way one person would speak strongly to another, different from a general rule that people are supposed to obey, you should use it here. | ||
| 1363 | PRO | 22 | 22 | su1v | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the poor | This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any poor person” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1364 | PRO | 22 | 22 | tq59 | figs-metaphor | 0 | crush | grind into powder. This is a metaphor for “treat unjustly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1365 | PRO | 22 | 22 | ws7l | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the needy | This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any needy person” or “any person who does not have what he needs to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1366 | PRO | 22 | 22 | z1ia | figs-metonymy | 0 | at the gate | The place where people bought and sold items and settled legal arguments is used as a metonym for business and legal activity. Alternate translation: “in court” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1367 | PRO | 22 | 23 | a2vp | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh will plead their case | The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will defend the needy from those who oppress them” or “Yahweh will see that the needy receive justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1368 | PRO | 22 | 23 | m5k2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | he will rob of life those who robbed them | Yahweh is not a thief, but like a thief he will take life from those who do not choose to give it. Alternate translation: “he will destroy those who oppress poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1369 | PRO | 22 | 24 | cpi3 | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1370 | PRO | 22 | 24 | w16m | figs-metaphor | 0 | someone who is ruled by anger | someone who is unable to control his anger (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1371 | PRO | 22 | 24 | cc8z | 0 | rages | shows violent anger | ||
| 1372 | PRO | 22 | 25 | s2i8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | you will take bait for your soul | A person who wants to be like an angry person is like an animal taking the bait in a trap. Alternate translation: “you will be like an animal that eats the bait that closes a trap and is unable to escape” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1373 | PRO | 22 | 25 | jh2k | figs-metonymy | 0 | bait for your soul | The soul is a metonym for the person’s life. Alternate translation: “bait that someone has put out so he can kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1374 | PRO | 22 | 26 | ftq6 | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1375 | PRO | 22 | 26 | rnd6 | 0 | strikes hands | A person would strike his hand against another person’s hand to bind himself to do what he had agreed to do. Here the speaker warns the hearer not to strike hands as a way to promise to pay off someone’s debts. | ||
| 1376 | PRO | 22 | 26 | wt7u | 0 | in making a pledge | “and agree to pay what someone owes to another person” | ||
| 1377 | PRO | 22 | 28 | tb1b | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1378 | PRO | 22 | 28 | g63s | 0 | ancient | very old | ||
| 1379 | PRO | 22 | 28 | djq5 | 0 | boundary stone | a large stone that shows where one person’s land ends and another person’s land begins | ||
| 1380 | PRO | 22 | 28 | j4id | 0 | fathers | ancestors | ||
| 1381 | PRO | 22 | 29 | y4ub | figs-rquestion | 0 | Do you see a man skilled at his work? | This rhetorical question is actually a command. Alternate translation: “Think of someone you know who is skilled at his work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1382 | PRO | 22 | 29 | e6ii | figs-metonymy | 0 | stand before | This represents becoming a servant of the important person. Kings and other important people will think so highly of him that they will use his services. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1383 | PRO | 23 | intro | eva7 | 0 | # Proverbs 23 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br> | |||
| 1384 | PRO | 23 | 1 | z181 | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1385 | PRO | 23 | 2 | lu62 | figs-hyperbole | 0 | put a knife to your throat | Possible meanings of this exaggeration are 1) “be very careful not to eat too much” or 2) “do not eat anything at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1386 | PRO | 23 | 3 | zfk9 | 0 | Do not crave | “Do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md). | ||
| 1387 | PRO | 23 | 3 | zkz5 | 0 | his delicacies | “his special and expensive food” | ||
| 1388 | PRO | 23 | 3 | tjm2 | figs-idiom | 0 | it is the food of lies | This is an idiom. “he is giving it to you so he can deceive you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1389 | PRO | 23 | 4 | a4va | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1390 | PRO | 23 | 4 | wh19 | 0 | Do not work too hard | “Do not work so much that you are always tired” | ||
| 1391 | PRO | 23 | 5 | n9hd | figs-metaphor | 0 | light upon it | land like a bird upon the wealth (verse 4). This is a metaphor for looking at the wealth for a short time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1392 | PRO | 23 | 5 | sp17 | figs-metaphor | 0 | it will surely take up wings like an eagle and fly off | A person losing his wealth is spoken of as if the wealth were a bird. Alternate translation: “the wealth will disappear as quickly as an eagle can fly away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1393 | PRO | 23 | 5 | ryq4 | 0 | wings like an eagle | wings like an eagle’s wings | ||
| 1394 | PRO | 23 | 6 | afl6 | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1395 | PRO | 23 | 6 | su9w | 0 | do not crave | “do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md). | ||
| 1396 | PRO | 23 | 6 | jtt7 | 0 | his delicacies | “his special and expensive food.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 23:3](../23/03.md). | ||
| 1397 | PRO | 23 | 7 | lbe8 | figs-idiom | 0 | his heart is not with you | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he really does not want you to enjoy the meal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1398 | PRO | 23 | 8 | aw14 | figs-hyperbole | 0 | You will vomit up the little you have eaten | This is an exaggeration for wishing one had not eaten anything. Alternate translation: “You will wish that you had not eaten anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
| 1399 | PRO | 23 | 8 | z3l6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | you will have wasted your compliments | Compliments are spoken of as if they were valuable objects. The abstract noun “compliments” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he will not be happy even if you say good things about him and the food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1400 | PRO | 23 | 9 | nk6j | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1401 | PRO | 23 | 9 | u4q5 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | in the hearing of a fool | The abstract noun “hearing” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “where a fool can hear you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1402 | PRO | 23 | 10 | iha4 | 0 | ancient | very old. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md). | ||
| 1403 | PRO | 23 | 10 | de8r | 0 | boundary stone | This is a large stone to show where one person’s land ends and another person’s land begins. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md). | ||
| 1404 | PRO | 23 | 10 | a9cb | 0 | encroach | This means to slowly take or begin to use land (or some thing) that belongs to someone else. | ||
| 1405 | PRO | 23 | 10 | n6i1 | 0 | orphans | children whose parents are dead | ||
| 1406 | PRO | 23 | 11 | p1uf | 0 | their Redeemer | Yahweh | ||
| 1407 | PRO | 23 | 11 | bgi8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | he will plead their case against you | The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “he will defend the orphans against you” or “he will see that the orphans receive justice and punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1408 | PRO | 23 | 12 | w7ey | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1409 | PRO | 23 | 12 | pgj6 | figs-idiom | 0 | Apply your heart to | This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:17](../22/17.md). Alternate translation: “Do your best to understand and remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1410 | PRO | 23 | 12 | v2r3 | 0 | instruction | Possible meanings are 1) “what people who know what is right and what is wrong tell you” or 2) “what people say and do when they correct you.” | ||
| 1411 | PRO | 23 | 12 | jul6 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | your ears | The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “apply your ears” or “listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
| 1412 | PRO | 23 | 12 | gn45 | 0 | to words of knowledge | “to me when I tell you what I know” | ||
| 1413 | PRO | 23 | 13 | c9zs | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1414 | PRO | 23 | 13 | qfa7 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Do not withhold instruction from a child | The abstract noun “instruction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Do not neglect to instruct a child” or “Do not refuse to instruct a child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1415 | PRO | 23 | 13 | r8dq | 0 | withhold | refuse to give something that one knows another person needs | ||
| 1416 | PRO | 23 | 14 | jx2r | 0 | rod | piece of wood | ||
| 1417 | PRO | 23 | 14 | e27r | 0 | It is you who must beat him…and save his soul | “You are the one who must beat him…and save his soul.” No one else will do it. The hearer is responsible to save the child’s soul from Sheol, and the way to save him is to beat him. | ||
| 1418 | PRO | 23 | 14 | z89f | figs-metonymy | 0 | save his soul from Sheol | If the hearer beats his children with the rod, they will not die young because they have done foolish or evil things. The word “soul” is a metonym for the person. Sheol is the world of the dead; going to the world of the dead is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “you will keep him from the world of the dead” or “you will keep him from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
| 1419 | PRO | 23 | 15 | h5yu | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1420 | PRO | 23 | 16 | sij3 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | when your lips speak | “Your lips” means the whole person. Alternate translation: “when you speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1421 | PRO | 23 | 17 | qz55 | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1422 | PRO | 23 | 17 | zgy6 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Do not let your heart envy sinners | The word “heart” is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Do not allow yourself to envy sinners” or “Make sure you do not envy sinners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1423 | PRO | 23 | 18 | d3fz | figs-activepassive | 0 | your hope will not be cut off | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not allow anyone to cut off your hope” or “God will keep the promises he made to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1424 | PRO | 23 | 19 | qj67 | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1425 | PRO | 23 | 19 | f128 | 0 | Hear—you!—my son | “Listen carefully, my son.” The speaker speaks an extra word to make sure the hearer is paying attention. | ||
| 1426 | PRO | 23 | 19 | jg2g | figs-metaphor | 0 | direct your heart in the way | Deciding to do what is right is spoken of as if one person were showing another person the correct path to follow. Alternate translation: “make sure you do what is wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1427 | PRO | 23 | 20 | sag8 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | gluttonous eaters of meat | Possible meanings are 1) “people who eat more meat than they need to” or 2) “meat” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “people who eat more food than they need to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1428 | PRO | 23 | 21 | z3sn | figs-personification | 0 | slumber will clothe them with rags | The word “slumber” is an exaggeration for a person spending so much time enjoying food and drink that he does not do necessary work. This activity is spoken of as if it were a parent putting clothes on a child. Alternate translation: “because they spend so much time eating and drinking, they will do no work and so will become poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
| 1429 | PRO | 23 | 22 | bzi7 | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1430 | PRO | 23 | 22 | s9it | figs-litotes | 0 | do not despise | This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “show respect for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 1431 | PRO | 23 | 23 | smm2 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Buy the truth, but do not sell it; buy wisdom, instruction, and understanding | Another possible meaning is “Buy the truth, and do not sell wisdom, instruction, or understanding.” The words “truth,” “wisdom,” “instruction,” and “understanding” are abstract nouns that are spoken of as if they were physical items that a person can buy and sell in a market. They can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “Do what you need to do so you can know what is true, so you can be wise, so you can learn how to act, and so you can tell good from bad; never think of anything else as more important than these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1432 | PRO | 23 | 24 | rzg3 | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1433 | PRO | 23 | 24 | qls1 | 0 | The father of the righteous person will greatly rejoice, and he who begets a wise child will be glad in him | Another possible meaning is that the words “he that begets a wise child” explain who “the father of the righteous person” is. Alternate translation: “The father of the righteous person, he who begets a wise child, will greatly rejoice and will be glad in him” | ||
| 1434 | PRO | 23 | 24 | b6a9 | 0 | will be glad in him | “will be glad because of him” | ||
| 1435 | PRO | 23 | 26 | c77m | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1436 | PRO | 23 | 26 | ds3t | figs-metonymy | 0 | give me your heart | The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides to do. Possible meanings are 1) “pay careful attention” or 2) “trust me completely.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1437 | PRO | 23 | 26 | zdk9 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | let your eyes observe | The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “observe” or “look carefully at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1438 | PRO | 23 | 27 | b64j | figs-merism | 0 | prostitute…immoral woman | There are two types of sexually immoral women. The “prostitute” is unmarried, “another man’s wife” is married. Together they form a merism for any kind of sexually immoral woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
| 1439 | PRO | 23 | 27 | y9ln | figs-metaphor | 0 | a prostitute is a deep pit | The word “pit” is a metaphor for what happens to men who sleep with prostitutes. Alternate translation: “sleeping with a prostitute is like falling into a deep pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1440 | PRO | 23 | 27 | i17l | 0 | prostitute | Here the word refers to any unmarried woman who engages in sexual activity, not only those who do so for money. | ||
| 1441 | PRO | 23 | 27 | zt34 | 0 | deep pit…narrow well | These are two places easy to fall into and hard to get out of, the “pit” because it is “deep” and the “well” because it is “narrow.” | ||
| 1442 | PRO | 23 | 27 | fys1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | an immoral woman is a narrow well | Doing evil for which one will be punished is spoken of as falling into a narrow place from which one cannot escape. Alternate translation: “Sleeping with another man’s wife is like falling into a narrow well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1443 | PRO | 23 | 27 | ezr3 | 0 | well | a hole in the ground that people have dug to get to water | ||
| 1444 | PRO | 23 | 28 | x4yu | 0 | lies in wait | stays hidden, ready to attack when a victim approaches | ||
| 1445 | PRO | 23 | 28 | ll5s | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the treacherous | This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective or verb. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who harm others by deceiving them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1446 | PRO | 23 | 29 | ek29 | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1447 | PRO | 23 | 29 | l7du | figs-rquestion | 0 | Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has fights? Who has complaining? Who has wounds for no reason? Who has bloodshot eyes? | The writer uses these questions to prepare the reader for the point he is about to make about a particular type of person. He does not expect an answer to each question. Your language may have a different way of introducing a lesson. Alternate translation: “Listen to me while I tell you what kind of person has woe, sorrow, fights, complaining, wounds for no reason, and bloodshot eyes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1448 | PRO | 23 | 29 | yw3q | 0 | bloodshot eyes | “eyes red, like the color of blood” | ||
| 1449 | PRO | 23 | 30 | kqg7 | 0 | Those who linger over wine, those who try the mixed wine | These words answer the questions in verse 29 and describe people who drink too much wine. | ||
| 1450 | PRO | 23 | 30 | g2tp | figs-euphemism | 0 | linger over wine | spend much time drinking wine and so drink much wine (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
| 1451 | PRO | 23 | 30 | t96n | 0 | the mixed wine | Possible meanings are 1) different wines mixed together or 2) other drinks that are stronger than wine. | ||
| 1452 | PRO | 23 | 31 | v5x1 | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1453 | PRO | 23 | 32 | ip9z | 0 | In the last | “After you drink it” | ||
| 1454 | PRO | 23 | 32 | cr4n | figs-metaphor | 0 | it bites like a serpent…it stings like an adder | The word “it” refers to “the wine when it is red.” “Bites” and “stings” are metaphors for the way too much wine makes people feel. Alternate translation: “it makes you feel as bad as if a serpent had bitten you or an adder had stung you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1455 | PRO | 23 | 32 | q4ct | 0 | adder | a type of poisonous snake | ||
| 1456 | PRO | 23 | 33 | qfg7 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | your heart will utter perverse things | The “heart” represents the person and emphasize what he thinks and decides to do. Alternate translation: “you will think about and decide to do perverse things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1457 | PRO | 23 | 33 | d1kc | 0 | perverse things | things that God says are morally wrong and bad; things that are wicked | ||
| 1458 | PRO | 23 | 34 | s7qb | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). It is the continuation of the description of a drunk person. | ||
| 1459 | PRO | 23 | 34 | q7lv | figs-idiom | 0 | lies on the top of a mast | The place on the mast where the person lies can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “lies in the basket near the top of a mast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1460 | PRO | 23 | 34 | lxy2 | 0 | mast | the long wooden pole to which are attached the sails of a sailing ship | ||
| 1461 | PRO | 23 | 35 | c4na | 0 | They hit me,…but I was not hurt. They beat me, but I did not feel it. | Because the drunk person is not thinking clearly, he is imagining that people are hitting and beating him, yet he feels no pain and cannot remember anything. | ||
| 1462 | PRO | 23 | 35 | d6ej | 0 | When will I wake up? | The drunk person is wondering when he will be sober again; when the effect of the wine will stop. | ||
| 1463 | PRO | 24 | intro | nl8m | 0 | # Proverbs 24 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 24 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter and is mainly filled with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>The second half of this chapter finishes the section.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Lazy man story<br><br>Unlike much of Proverbs, verses 30-34 tell a short story about a lazy man, which ends in a very memorable proverb.<br><br>### Themes<br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br> | |||
| 1464 | PRO | 24 | 1 | d1dq | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1465 | PRO | 24 | 2 | dw7g | figs-synecdoche | 0 | their hearts | The words “their hearts” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1466 | PRO | 24 | 2 | m8px | figs-synecdoche | 0 | their lips | The words “their lips” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1467 | PRO | 24 | 2 | es5l | 0 | talk about trouble | “talk about causing harm” or “talk about creating problems” | ||
| 1468 | PRO | 24 | 3 | f9id | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1469 | PRO | 24 | 3 | hiy4 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Through wisdom a house is built | The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as an adjective. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to be wise if they are to build a good house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1470 | PRO | 24 | 3 | q4cp | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | by understanding it is established | The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to understand what is morally good and what is morally bad if they are to establish a house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1471 | PRO | 24 | 3 | mq3v | figs-metonymy | 0 | it is established | The word “established” means made stable and strong. The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, and the house being physically stable and strong is a metaphor for a family that lives in peace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1472 | PRO | 24 | 4 | ry4y | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | By knowledge the rooms are filled | The abstract noun “knowledge” can be translated as a verb. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to know what is precious and pleasant if they are to fill their rooms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1473 | PRO | 24 | 5 | gah6 | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1474 | PRO | 24 | 5 | gya2 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | warrior of wisdom | The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as “wise.” Alternate translation: “wise warrior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1475 | PRO | 24 | 5 | my2f | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | a man of knowledge increases his strength | The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “strength” can be translated as the verb “know” and the adjective “strong.” Alternate translation: “a man who knows many things is stronger because he knows these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1476 | PRO | 24 | 6 | i9sa | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | by wise direction | The abstract noun “direction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “if you have wise people telling you what to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1477 | PRO | 24 | 6 | e43z | 0 | wage your war | “fight your war” | ||
| 1478 | PRO | 24 | 6 | nll1 | 0 | advisors | those who tell government officials what those officials should do | ||
| 1479 | PRO | 24 | 7 | ten9 | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1480 | PRO | 24 | 7 | r9t9 | figs-idiom | 0 | too high for a fool | This is an idiom. “too difficult for a fool to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1481 | PRO | 24 | 7 | e2pv | figs-metonymy | 0 | open his mouth | The mouth is a metonym for the words that come from the mouth. Alternate translation: “speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1482 | PRO | 24 | 8 | f77e | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1483 | PRO | 24 | 8 | f9l9 | 0 | a master of schemes | one who is skillful at making evil plans. Alternate translation: “a mischievous person” or “a troublemaker” | ||
| 1484 | PRO | 24 | 10 | xt51 | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1485 | PRO | 24 | 10 | dbq1 | figs-idiom | 0 | your strength is small | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have very little strength” or “you are certainly weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1486 | PRO | 24 | 11 | t92q | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1487 | PRO | 24 | 11 | xc8k | figs-activepassive | 0 | those who are being taken away | These words can be translated in active form by using the term “they” which could be anyone, but are probably government officials. Alternate translation: “those whom they are taking away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1488 | PRO | 24 | 11 | n8k2 | 0 | taken away | Another possible meaning is “dragged away.” | ||
| 1489 | PRO | 24 | 11 | ru95 | 0 | staggering | walking unsteadily and almost falling. This word would also describe the way a person walks when he is being dragged away. | ||
| 1490 | PRO | 24 | 11 | kl46 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | the slaughter | The abstract noun “slaughter” can be translated as a verb. The writer speaks as if those who take them away think of them as no better than animals. If your language has a word for killing animals that would fit here, you might want to use it. Alternate translation: “where people will kill them as they would kill animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1491 | PRO | 24 | 12 | k5el | 0 | If you say, “Behold,…this,” does | The writer is answering something that the reader may wrongly be thinking. Alternate translation: “You may say, ‘Behold,…this,’ but does” | ||
| 1492 | PRO | 24 | 12 | akd7 | 0 | Behold, we | “Listen to us! We” or “But we” or “We have done nothing wrong, because we” | ||
| 1493 | PRO | 24 | 12 | yi61 | figs-rquestion | 0 | does not the one who weighs the heart understand what you are saying? | The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the one who weighs the heart understands what you are saying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1494 | PRO | 24 | 12 | cx5x | figs-euphemism | 0 | the one who | The writer expects the reader to know that “the one” is Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
| 1495 | PRO | 24 | 12 | zda4 | figs-metonymy | 0 | weighs the heart | The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and desires. The writer speaks as if what a person thinks and desires were a physical object that a person could weigh, and weighing an object is a metaphor for looking closely at something to see how good it is. Alternate translation: “knows how good what people really think and desire is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1496 | PRO | 24 | 12 | pa6x | figs-rquestion | 0 | The one who guards your life, does he not know it? | The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “The one who guards your life knows it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1497 | PRO | 24 | 12 | m55q | figs-rquestion | 0 | Will God not give to each one what he deserves? | The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “God will give to each one what he deserves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1498 | PRO | 24 | 13 | q7s6 | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1499 | PRO | 24 | 14 | p5t6 | figs-activepassive | 0 | your hope will not be cut off | Possible meanings are 1) this is a simple passive that can be translated as in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will take your hope away” or 2) this is litotes that can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “your hope will surely continue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 1500 | PRO | 24 | 15 | i96h | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1501 | PRO | 24 | 15 | s1ww | figs-idiom | 0 | Do not lie in wait | The words “lie in wait” are an idiom. Translate “lie in wait” as in [Proverbs 1:11](../01/11.md). Alternate translation: “Do not hide and wait for the right time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1502 | PRO | 24 | 15 | g6w6 | 0 | his home | the home of the righteous person | ||
| 1503 | PRO | 24 | 16 | jrm7 | 0 | rises again | “gets back on his feet” or “stands up again” | ||
| 1504 | PRO | 24 | 16 | k8ly | figs-personification | 0 | wicked people are brought down by calamity | The writer speaks as if “calamity” were a person who could do bad things to other people. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will use calamity to bring down the wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1505 | PRO | 24 | 16 | u49k | figs-metaphor | 0 | are brought down | This is a metaphor of a person who was standing but someone has brought him down to the ground or made him fall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1506 | PRO | 24 | 16 | ze9b | 0 | calamity | times when bad things happen to people and their property | ||
| 1507 | PRO | 24 | 17 | rpu6 | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1508 | PRO | 24 | 17 | t9ei | 0 | your enemy falls | “something bad happens to your enemy” | ||
| 1509 | PRO | 24 | 17 | by2h | figs-synecdoche | 0 | let not your heart be glad | This is a strong command. The word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “do not allow yourself to be glad” or “stop yourself from being glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1510 | PRO | 24 | 18 | b18i | figs-idiom | 0 | turn away his wrath from him | The words “turn away his wrath” are an idiom for no longer being angry. What Yahweh would do instead can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “stop being angry with him and be angry with you instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1511 | PRO | 24 | 19 | yp9l | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1512 | PRO | 24 | 20 | mmf6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the lamp of wicked people will go out | The lamp is used as a metaphor for life. The life of wicked people will end just as a lamp goes out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1513 | PRO | 24 | 21 | j1fr | 0 | General Information: | These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). | ||
| 1514 | PRO | 24 | 21 | vvr9 | 0 | Fear | a deep respect and awe for a person in authority | ||
| 1515 | PRO | 24 | 22 | jzb3 | figs-rquestion | 0 | who knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them? | The writer asks this question to emphasize the disaster. Alternate translation: “no one knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1516 | PRO | 24 | 22 | ub7e | 0 | both of them | these words refer to Yahweh and the king | ||
| 1517 | PRO | 24 | 23 | jq5s | 0 | These also are sayings of the wise | This sentence starts a new collection of proverbs. | ||
| 1518 | PRO | 24 | 23 | ci6n | 0 | a case at law | a situation that is brought before a judge in which someone is accused of breaking the law | ||
| 1519 | PRO | 24 | 24 | lma6 | 0 | Whoever says to the wicked person,…will be cursed by peoples and hated by nations | The word “nations” is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will curse whoever says to the wicked person,…, and the people of other nations will hate him” | ||
| 1520 | PRO | 24 | 24 | rfb9 | 0 | the wicked person…a righteous person | Possible meanings are 1) people should never call any wicked person a righteous person or 2) no one should say of a person guilty of a crime that he is innocent. Alternate translation: “a person guilty of a crime…innocent” | ||
| 1521 | PRO | 24 | 25 | xwv5 | 0 | will have delight | “will be very happy” | ||
| 1522 | PRO | 24 | 25 | ufh1 | figs-personification | 0 | gifts of goodness will come to them | Gifts are spoken of as if they were people who could move by themselves. The abstract noun “goodness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “people will give them good gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1523 | PRO | 24 | 25 | uy7d | 0 | gifts of goodness | “good things” or “blessings” | ||
| 1524 | PRO | 24 | 26 | sz6f | figs-idiom | 0 | gives a kiss on the lips | A kiss was a sign of respect and devotion in that culture. Alternate translation: “shows true friendship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1525 | PRO | 24 | 28 | u5rp | figs-metonymy | 0 | with your lips | The lips are a metonym for the words a person speaks. Alternate translation: “by what you say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1526 | PRO | 24 | 29 | cke7 | figs-idiom | 0 | pay him back | This is an idiom. “take revenge against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1527 | PRO | 24 | 31 | w3gw | 0 | Thorns | useless plants with sharp spines | ||
| 1528 | PRO | 24 | 31 | j4m7 | 0 | nettles | plants that are covered with stinging leaves and hairs | ||
| 1529 | PRO | 24 | 31 | chw4 | 0 | was broken down | “had fallen down” | ||
| 1530 | PRO | 24 | 32 | u9za | 0 | received instruction | “learned a lesson” | ||
| 1531 | PRO | 24 | 34 | d7gx | figs-ellipsis | 0 | and poverty comes | This finishes a thought begun with the words “A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest” (Proverbs 24:33). You may need to fill in the omitted words. “You may say to yourself, ‘A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest,’ but then poverty will come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
| 1532 | PRO | 24 | 34 | v85w | figs-personification | 0 | poverty comes marching upon you | Some translations read, “poverty comes upon you like a robber.” Poverty is spoken of as if it were a person or animal that can attack a lazy person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 1533 | PRO | 24 | 34 | zx1y | figs-simile | 0 | your needs like an armed soldier | Needs are spoken of as if they were a person who could attack the lazy person. Alternate translation: “your needs will come to you like an armed soldier” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 1534 | PRO | 25 | intro | l94s | 0 | # Proverbs 25 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 25 begins the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br> | |||
| 1535 | PRO | 25 | 2 | x2ec | 0 | to conceal a matter | “to keep some things secret” | ||
| 1536 | PRO | 25 | 2 | cj4p | figs-ellipsis | 0 | but the glory | The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “but it is the glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
| 1537 | PRO | 25 | 2 | dg6e | 0 | search it out | “search that matter out” or “search for those things that God has concealed” | ||
| 1538 | PRO | 25 | 3 | jtp4 | figs-simile | 0 | Like the heavens are for height and the earth is for depth, so the heart of kings is unsearchable | The hearts of kings are compared to the size of the heavens and the earth. Alternate translation: “Just as no one can measure the height of the heavens or the depth of the earth, even so no one can understand the heart of kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1539 | PRO | 25 | 3 | b947 | 0 | heavens | This refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars. | ||
| 1540 | PRO | 25 | 4 | jgm1 | 0 | dross | the material in a metal that people do not want and they remove by heating the metal | ||
| 1541 | PRO | 25 | 5 | vvu5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | his throne will be established by doing | The throne is a metonym for the power to rule. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the king will establish his throne by doing” or “he will have the power to rule because he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1542 | PRO | 25 | 7 | w69g | figs-explicit | 0 | It is better for him to say to you, “Come up here,” than | Here “up” means to move to a place at the table that is closer to the king. It is a great honor for a person to sit closer to the king. Alternate translation: “It is better for someone to invite you to sit closer to the king than” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1543 | PRO | 25 | 7 | qf2z | 0 | before a nobleman | “in front of a nobleman” | ||
| 1544 | PRO | 25 | 8 | t9ug | figs-rquestion | 0 | For what will you do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame? | This question is asked to make the reader consider the possibility that he may have misunderstood the situation. The way in which the neighbor might put the reader to shame can be stated plainly. Alternate translation: “For you will not know what to do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame.” or “For if your neighbor has an explanation, he will put you to shame, and you will have nothing to say to defend yourself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1545 | PRO | 25 | 9 | lgk7 | 0 | your case | “your disagreement” | ||
| 1546 | PRO | 25 | 9 | c77l | 0 | do not disclose another’s secret | “do not share your neighbor’s secret with other people” | ||
| 1547 | PRO | 25 | 10 | fr3g | figs-activepassive | 0 | an evil report about you that cannot be silenced | Here “evil report” refers to harmful things that the person will tell others. The phrase “cannot be silenced” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to stop him from telling other people harmful things about you” or “he will tell people evil things about you and you will never have a good reputation again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1548 | PRO | 25 | 11 | e2ay | figs-metaphor | 0 | Apples of gold in settings of silver is a word spoken in the right situation | The goodness of “a word spoken at the right time” is spoken of as if it were the physical beauty of “apples of gold in settings of silver.” Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A word spoken at the right time is beautiful like apples of gold in settings of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1549 | PRO | 25 | 11 | sq35 | 0 | Apples of gold in settings of silver | The ancient Israelites did not know the apples that most people know today. Possible meanings are 1) “apples” should be translated as “design.” Alternate translation: “a golden design carved into a silver bowl” or 2) “apples” refers to another type of fruit with a golden color that someone has placed on a silver plate or bowl. Alternate translation: “Golden colored fruit placed in a silver bowl” | ||
| 1550 | PRO | 25 | 11 | ptu8 | figs-activepassive | 0 | is a word spoken | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “is a message that someone speaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1551 | PRO | 25 | 12 | ir54 | figs-metaphor | 0 | A gold ring or jewelry made of fine gold is a wise rebuke to a listening ear | The value and importance of “a wise rebuke” is spoken of as if it had the beauty and value of gold. Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A wise rebuke to a listening ear is beautiful and valuable like a golden ring or golden jewelry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1552 | PRO | 25 | 12 | i38p | figs-synecdoche | 0 | listening ear | The ear is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “person who is willing to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1553 | PRO | 25 | 13 | tc4q | figs-simile | 0 | Like the cold of snow at harvest time is a faithful messenger | Here a faithful messenger is being compared to the cold of snow, because both are pleasant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1554 | PRO | 25 | 13 | sxk7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the cold of snow | Snow only fell on the tops of mountains, and the harvest took place in hot weather, so this is probably a metaphor for cool, fresh water from a clean stream. If your language has no word for snow, consider “cool, fresh, clean water.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1555 | PRO | 25 | 13 | v57a | 0 | snow | white flakes of ice that fall from the sky like rain | ||
| 1556 | PRO | 25 | 13 | z9pn | 0 | brings back the life of his masters | This means he makes his masters, who are weak and tired, to be strong and rested again. | ||
| 1557 | PRO | 25 | 14 | hbd4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Clouds and wind without rain is the one who boasts…not give | Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Rain was important to the Israelites because only small amounts of it fell, so a cloud without rain was useless and brought disappointment to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “The one who boasts…not give is like clouds and wind without rain” or “The one who boasts…not give is useless and a disappointment, like clouds and wind without rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1558 | PRO | 25 | 15 | v2wv | figs-activepassive | 0 | With patience a ruler can be persuaded | These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone who is patient can persuade a ruler” or “Someone who is patient can speak to a ruler and change his mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1559 | PRO | 25 | 15 | eed7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | a soft tongue can break a bone | The word “tongue” is a metonym for the words the person speaks using the tongue. The word “bone” is a metaphor for strong opposition. Alternate translation: “gentle speech can overcome strong opposition” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1560 | PRO | 25 | 16 | dc7b | figs-metaphor | 0 | General Information: | Verse 16 states a general principle, and verse 17 gives one specific example. The idea of eating too much honey and then vomiting it up is a metaphor for taking too much of any good thing and regretting it later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1561 | PRO | 25 | 18 | r378 | figs-simile | 0 | A man who bears false witness against his neighbor is like a club used in war, or a sword, or a sharp arrow | A false witness is compared to three weapons that can hurt or kill people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1562 | PRO | 25 | 19 | p8jx | figs-simile | 0 | An unfaithful man in whom you trust in a time of trouble is like a bad tooth or a foot that slips | A foolish man is compared to a part of the body that causes trouble for a person. Alternate translation: “Trusting in an unfaithful man in time of trouble will bring you pain like a bad tooth or a foot that slips” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1563 | PRO | 25 | 20 | j5q4 | 0 | carbonate of soda | This is a kind of mineral that hisses and bubbles violently when it comes into contact with acids like vinegar. Many translations translate this phrase as “a wound.” | ||
| 1564 | PRO | 25 | 20 | ef6r | figs-explicit | 0 | sings songs | You may need to make explicit what kind of songs the singer sings. Alternate translation: “sings happy songs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1565 | PRO | 25 | 20 | z9sh | figs-synecdoche | 0 | a heavy heart | The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “a sad person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1566 | PRO | 25 | 22 | eb7p | figs-idiom | 0 | shovel coals of fire on his head | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cause him to have a guilty conscience and be ashamed of what he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1567 | PRO | 25 | 23 | xj7i | 0 | the north wind | In Israel, wind from the north often brought rain. Translators are free to substitute different kinds of wind for the same effect, for example, “a cold wind.” | ||
| 1568 | PRO | 25 | 23 | z36v | 0 | a tongue that tells secrets | Some versions read “someone who tells secrets.” | ||
| 1569 | PRO | 25 | 23 | gn4t | figs-synecdoche | 0 | result in angry faces | The face is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “makes other people so angry you can see it in their faces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1570 | PRO | 25 | 24 | siz4 | figs-explicit | 0 | a corner of the roof | Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1571 | PRO | 25 | 24 | urg5 | 0 | a quarreling wife | a wife who often argues or complains | ||
| 1572 | PRO | 25 | 25 | p4p8 | figs-simile | 0 | Like cold waters to one who is thirsty, so is good news from a far country | Cold water is compared to good news that is both refreshing and delightful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1573 | PRO | 25 | 26 | p3dy | figs-simile | 0 | Like a fouled spring or a ruined fountain is a righteous person tottering before wicked people | One expects a spring or fountain to have clear water, just as one expects a righteous man to stand for what he believes. A polluted spring or fountain is compared to a righteous man who falls. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1574 | PRO | 25 | 26 | tiq8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | tottering before wicked people | Tottering is a metaphor for either 1) refusing to fight wicked people or 2) joining in their wickedness. Alternate translation: “who allows wicked people to do wickedness” or “who starts to do what wicked people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1575 | PRO | 25 | 26 | fe9h | figs-metaphor | 0 | tottering | This is a metaphor for being unable to continue to do good. Alternate translation: “unable to stand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1576 | PRO | 25 | 26 | e13r | figs-idiom | 0 | before wicked people | Possible meanings are 1) “when wicked people attack him” or 2) “when wicked people urge him to do evil.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1577 | PRO | 25 | 27 | h7jf | figs-simile | 0 | It is not good to eat too much honey; that is like searching for honor after honor. | Both wanting others to honor you and eating honey are good, but you can eat too much honey, and you can try too hard to have people honor you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1578 | PRO | 25 | 27 | x6in | figs-litotes | 0 | It is not good | This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “It is a bad thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 1579 | PRO | 25 | 27 | ea11 | 0 | that is like searching for honor after honor | “that is like always thinking about how others should honor you.” The meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some versions of the Bible translate this as “that is like speaking too many compliments to people.” | ||
| 1580 | PRO | 25 | 28 | gl3p | figs-simile | 0 | A person without self-control is like a city breached and without walls. | Both a person without self-control and a city without walls are weak and vulnerable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1581 | PRO | 25 | 28 | jh45 | 0 | breached and without walls | “whose walls an army has knocked down and destroyed” | ||
| 1582 | PRO | 26 | intro | juh9 | 0 | # Proverbs 26 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 26 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. Wisdom and folly are particularly prominent in this chapter.(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br> | |||
| 1583 | PRO | 26 | 1 | w8yc | figs-simile | 0 | Like snow in summer or rain in harvest | Normally snow does not fall during the summer and rain does not fall during the harvest. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Just as it would be very strange to have snow in summer or rain during the harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1584 | PRO | 26 | 2 | kdg7 | figs-simile | 0 | so an undeserved curse does not alight | A curse that does not harm a person is spoken of as if it were a bird that does not land. Alternate translation: “so an undeserved curse does not land on its mark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1585 | PRO | 26 | 2 | mf19 | figs-activepassive | 0 | an undeserved curse | This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “a curse on a person who does not deserve it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1586 | PRO | 26 | 2 | t3fg | 0 | alight | land on someone or something | ||
| 1587 | PRO | 26 | 3 | v3b7 | 0 | A whip is for the horse, a bridle is for the donkey and a rod is for the back of fools | A whip, a bridle, and a rod are things that people use to make the horse, donkey, and fool do what they want. | ||
| 1588 | PRO | 26 | 3 | le7r | 0 | a bridle is for the donkey | A bridle is made of straps. People put it on a donkey’s head and hold one of the straps to make the donkey go the way they want it to go. | ||
| 1589 | PRO | 26 | 3 | q1bg | 0 | a rod is for the back of fools | In the Bible, people would hit their children or their slaves with a wooden rod in order to discipline them. | ||
| 1590 | PRO | 26 | 5 | rz54 | 0 | Answer a fool and join in on his folly | Joining in on a fool’s folly when answering him represents answering him in a foolish way. Alternate translation: “Answer a fool according to his folly” or “Answer a fool foolishly” | ||
| 1591 | PRO | 26 | 5 | q48w | figs-metaphor | 0 | so he will not become wise in his own eyes | The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “so that he will not become wise according to his judgement” or “so that he does not consider himself to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1592 | PRO | 26 | 6 | ang1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Whoever sends a message by the hand of a fool | Here the hand represents the fool’s responsibility to deliver the message. Alternate translation: “Whoever sends a fool to deliver a message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1593 | PRO | 26 | 6 | ife4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | cuts off his own feet | Cutting off one’s own feet is an exaggeration for harming one’s self. Alternate translation: “harms himself like a person who cuts off his own feet and drinks violence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
| 1594 | PRO | 26 | 6 | a1zc | figs-metaphor | 0 | drinks violence | Violence is spoken of as if it were a poisonous liquid that someone might drink. Alternate translation: “harms himself by being violent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1595 | PRO | 26 | 7 | h8yx | figs-simile | 0 | Like the legs…is a proverb in the mouth of fools | The phrases can be reordered. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is like the legs of a paralytic which hang down” or “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as useless as the legs of a paralytic which hang down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1596 | PRO | 26 | 7 | m6mr | 0 | a paralytic | a person who is unable to move or feel all or part of his body | ||
| 1597 | PRO | 26 | 7 | nq9k | figs-metonymy | 0 | in the mouth of fools | Here “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1598 | PRO | 26 | 8 | vhn4 | figs-explicit | 0 | tying a stone in a sling | In order to throw a stone very far, people put it into a sling and swing the sling so that the stone will fly from it very quickly. The result of tying a stone in a sling can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “tying a stone in a sling so that it cannot be thrown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1599 | PRO | 26 | 8 | fy3g | 0 | giving honor to a fool | “honoring a fool” | ||
| 1600 | PRO | 26 | 9 | l82z | figs-simile | 0 | Like a thorn…is a proverb in the mouth of fools | How the two are alike can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as dangerous as a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1601 | PRO | 26 | 9 | z794 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard | Possible meanings are 1) if a drunk person holds a thornbush, a thorn will prick his hand, or 2) if a drunk person is angry, he will pick up a thornbush and swing it at people. For the second meaning, the word “thorn” represents a thornbush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1602 | PRO | 26 | 9 | q3gg | figs-metonymy | 0 | in the mouth of fools | Here “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1603 | PRO | 26 | 10 | lu8m | 0 | hires a fool | “gives a job to a fool” | ||
| 1604 | PRO | 26 | 11 | dgd2 | 0 | As a dog returns to his own vomit | “As a dog eats its own vomit” | ||
| 1605 | PRO | 26 | 12 | cxr5 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Do you see someone who is wise in his own eyes? | This question is used to lead the reader to think about someone who is wise in his own eyes. The phrase “is wise in his own eyes” means “thinks he is wise,” and here it implies that the person is not truly wise. Alternate translation: “Consider the person who thinks he is wise but is not.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1606 | PRO | 26 | 12 | n43z | 0 | There is more hope for a fool than for him | “A fool can become wise more easily than he can” | ||
| 1607 | PRO | 26 | 13 | y1yv | 0 | The lazy person says, “There is a lion…between the open places!” | The lazy person lies and says that he cannot go outside and work because there is a lion on the road or between the open places. | ||
| 1608 | PRO | 26 | 13 | xyz8 | 0 | There is a lion on the road | See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:13](../22/13.md). | ||
| 1609 | PRO | 26 | 13 | ufn8 | 0 | the open places | This refers to the places in town where there is a lot of room for people to walk around or where people gather. Alternate translation: “the town plazas” or “the streets” | ||
| 1610 | PRO | 26 | 14 | bfi2 | 0 | hinges | metal pieces that attach a door to something and allow it to open and close | ||
| 1611 | PRO | 26 | 14 | uv1d | figs-simile | 0 | As the door turns on its hinges, so is the lazy person upon his bed | Both the door and the lazy person move, but they do not go anywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1612 | PRO | 26 | 15 | j4ce | 0 | puts his hand into the dish | “puts his hand into the dish to get food” or “reaches for food” | ||
| 1613 | PRO | 26 | 15 | x6us | figs-hyperbole | 0 | he has no strength to lift it up to his mouth | This is an exaggeration for doing necessary work that would clearly do him good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
| 1614 | PRO | 26 | 16 | e6pb | figs-metaphor | 0 | The lazy person is wiser in his own eyes than seven men | The phrase “his own eyes” represents his thoughts. Alternate translation: “The lazy person thinks he is wiser than seven men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1615 | PRO | 26 | 17 | xh36 | figs-simile | 0 | Like one who takes hold of the ears of a dog, is a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his own | This can be reordered. Alternate translation: “A passerby who becomes angry at some other people’s dispute is like a person who grabs hold of a dog’s ears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1616 | PRO | 26 | 17 | z69e | figs-explicit | 0 | Like one who takes hold of the ears of a dog | The implied information is that the dog will get angry and bite the person. Alternate translation: “Like a person who angers a dog by grabbing its ears” or “Like a person who grabs a dog’s ears and is bitten by the dog” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1617 | PRO | 26 | 17 | ul2w | figs-explicit | 0 | is a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his own | The implied information is that the passerby will start arguing, and the people who were fighting will get angry with him and hurt him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1618 | PRO | 26 | 19 | kd8e | 0 | the one who deceives | Both the “madman” (Proverbs 26:18) and the one who deceives hurt people but do not take responsibility for it. | ||
| 1619 | PRO | 26 | 19 | g1qd | figs-rquestion | 0 | Was I not telling a joke? | The deceiver uses this question to imply that since he his joke was only for fun, he should not be blamed for any harm he has caused. Alternate translation: “I did nothing wrong. I was only telling a joke.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1620 | PRO | 26 | 20 | ivv3 | 0 | gossiper | a person who gossips a lot | ||
| 1621 | PRO | 26 | 21 | l2ug | figs-explicit | 0 | As charcoal is to burning coals and wood is to fire | What charcoal does to coals and what wood does to fire can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “As charcoal helps coals burn and as wood helps fire burn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1622 | PRO | 26 | 21 | ud8h | figs-metaphor | 0 | kindling strife | To kindle something means to set it on fire. Setting strife on fire is a metaphor for causing people to fight or argue. Alternate translation: “causing people to fight” or “causing people to argue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1623 | PRO | 26 | 22 | ye74 | figs-simile | 0 | The words of a gossip are like delicious morsels | This speaks of gossip being desirable to listen to as if it were delicious food to eat. Alternate translation: “The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to” or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1624 | PRO | 26 | 22 | rb3s | figs-metaphor | 0 | they go down into the inner parts of the body | This speaks of the words that a gossip says going into a person’s mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. This sentence is equivalent to [Proverbs 18:8](../18/08.md). Alternate translation: “and they enter a person’s mind and affect his thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1625 | PRO | 26 | 23 | i9mz | figs-simile | 0 | Like the glaze overlaying an earthen vessel so are burning lips and an evil heart | This simile means that a person who says things to hide the evil in their heart are like a earthen vessel covered in glaze to make it look good. These phrases can be reordered. Alternate translation: “People who have burning lips and an evil heart are like an earthen vessel covered with glaze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1626 | PRO | 26 | 23 | ky5d | 0 | the glaze overlaying an earthen vessel | “the shiny glaze that covers a clay pot.” A clay pot is cheap and common. So people covered it was a glaze to make it shiny and appear more expensive. | ||
| 1627 | PRO | 26 | 23 | u5wy | figs-synecdoche | 0 | so are burning lips and an evil heart | This represents a person who has burning lips and an evil heart. Alternate translation: “so is a person who has burning lips and an evil heart” or “so is a person who says nice things but whose heart is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1628 | PRO | 26 | 23 | s94p | figs-metaphor | 0 | burning lips | The word “burning” is a metaphor for “strongly emotional” and the word “lips” is a metonym for “speech.” Alternate translation: “emotional speech” or “saying nice things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1629 | PRO | 26 | 23 | p5hf | figs-metonymy | 0 | an evil heart | The heart represents a person’s thoughts, attitudes, desires, or feelings. Alternate translation: “evil thoughts” or “evil desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1630 | PRO | 26 | 24 | rhg2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | disguises his feelings with his lips | Disguising his feelings represents keeping people from knowing what his feelings are. The phrase “his lips” is a metonym for what he says. Alternate translation: “hides his feelings with what he says” or “speaks in such a way that people cannot know his true feelings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1631 | PRO | 26 | 24 | qu8b | figs-metaphor | 0 | he lays up deceit within himself | Being deceitful is spoken of as if he were storing deceit within himself. Possible meanings are that “deceit” refers to lies. Alternate translation: “he likes his many lies” or 2) deceit refers secret plans to harm people. Alternate translation: “he secretly plans to harm people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1632 | PRO | 26 | 25 | f4gf | 0 | but do not believe him | “but do not believe what he says” | ||
| 1633 | PRO | 26 | 25 | q7ln | figs-metaphor | 0 | for there are seven abominations in his heart | The number seven represents completeness. Possible meanings are 1) “abominations” refers to attitudes that God hates. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hateful things” or 2) “abominations” refers to his hatred for people. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hatred” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1634 | PRO | 26 | 26 | iv6j | figs-activepassive | 0 | Though his hatred is covered with deception | This can be stated actively. Alternate translation: “Though deception covers his hatred” or “Though he covers his hatred with deception” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1635 | PRO | 26 | 26 | d99d | figs-metaphor | 0 | Though his hatred is covered with deception | Keeping people from knowing that he hates them is spoken of as covering his hatred. Alternate translation: “Though he lies to keep people from knowing that he hates them” or “Though he lies so that people will not know that he hates them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1636 | PRO | 26 | 26 | slh6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | his wickedness will be exposed in the assembly | Being exposed represents being discovered or becoming known. Alternate translation: “his wickedness will become known in the assembly” or “the assembly will discover his wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1637 | PRO | 26 | 26 | d2jn | 0 | the assembly | “the community of Israel” | ||
| 1638 | PRO | 26 | 27 | sg61 | figs-explicit | 0 | Whoever digs a pit will fall into it | It is implied that the person digs the pit as a trap so that someone will fall into it. Alternate translation: “Whoever digs a pit to trap someone will fall into it” or “If someone digs a pit in order to trap someone, the one who dug it will fall into it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1639 | PRO | 26 | 27 | nj1w | figs-explicit | 0 | the stone will roll back on the one who pushed it | It is implied that the person pushed a large stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone there. Alternate translation: “if someone pushed a stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone, the stone will roll back on him instead” or “if someone maked a stone roll so that it would hurt someone, the stone will crush him instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1640 | PRO | 26 | 28 | wvw9 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | A lying tongue hates the people it crushes | The phrase “a lying tongue” represents a person who tells lies. Crushing people represents causing them trouble. Alternate translation: “A liar hates those he hurts by his lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1641 | PRO | 26 | 28 | dfi2 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | a flattering mouth brings about ruin | The phrase “a flattering mouth” represents a person who flatters people. Possible meanings are 1) a person who flatters others causes trouble or 2) a person who flatters others ruins them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1642 | PRO | 26 | 28 | qp8a | 0 | flattering | praising someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praising someone about things that are not true | ||
| 1643 | PRO | 27 | intro | ec7g | 0 | # Proverbs 27 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 27 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br> | |||
| 1644 | PRO | 27 | 1 | f85w | figs-explicit | 0 | Do not boast about tomorrow | This is a warning not to brag about what you expect to happen tomorrow. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not speak proudly about your plans for tomorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1645 | PRO | 27 | 1 | t368 | figs-metaphor | 0 | what a day may bring | Something happening on a certain day is spoken of as if the day were to bring that event. Alternate translation: “what will happen on a day” or “what will happen tomorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1646 | PRO | 27 | 2 | cyj6 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | and not your own mouth…and not your own lips | The words “let praise you” are understood from the first phrase. They can be repeated. Here a person is represented by his “mouth” and “lips” because those are the parts of the body used to speak. Alternate translation: “and do not let your own mouth praise you…and do not let your own lips praise you” or “and do not praise yourself…and do not praise yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1647 | PRO | 27 | 2 | jhl7 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | a stranger | The words “let praise you” are understood from the first phrase. The words can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “let a stranger praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
| 1648 | PRO | 27 | 3 | snl3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the provocation of a fool is heavier than both | The difficulty of being patient with a fool who provokes you is spoken of as if that difficulty were heavy. Alternate translation: “the provocation of a fool is harder to tolerate than either of them” or “It is harder to be patient when a fool provokes you than it is to be patient while carrying them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1649 | PRO | 27 | 3 | hs8d | 0 | the provocation of a fool | “the trouble caused by a fool.” “Provocation” means actions or words that cause anger or irritation. | ||
| 1650 | PRO | 27 | 4 | j57v | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | There is the cruelty of rage and the flood of anger, but who is able to stand before jealousy? | The abstract nouns “rage”, “anger” and “jealousy” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “A raging person is cruel and an angry person is overwhelming, but who can stand before a jealous person?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1651 | PRO | 27 | 4 | l3ui | 0 | cruelty | “harshness” | ||
| 1652 | PRO | 27 | 4 | srl1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the flood of anger | “the destructiveness of anger.” Anger is spoken of here as if it were a powerful flood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1653 | PRO | 27 | 4 | nh38 | figs-rquestion | 0 | but who is able to stand before jealousy? | This question implies that no one can stand before jealousy. It can be reworded as a statement. Alternate translation: “but no one is able to stand before jealousy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1654 | PRO | 27 | 4 | inj9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | to stand before jealousy | Here standing represents being strong and resisting being harmed by a jealous person who attacks. Alternate translation: “to resist a jealous person” or “to remain strong when a jealous person attacks him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1655 | PRO | 27 | 5 | yva8 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Better is an open rebuke | The abstract noun “rebuke” can be expressed with the verb “rebuke.” Alternate translation: “It is better to be openly rebuked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1656 | PRO | 27 | 5 | pz3x | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | than hidden love | “than love that is not openly shown.” The abstract noun “love” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “than to be loved secretly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1657 | PRO | 27 | 6 | d5v5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend | “The wounds that a friend causes are trustworthy.” The word “wounds” here represents the pain and sadness that a person feels when a friend rebukes or corrects him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1658 | PRO | 27 | 6 | uw1k | figs-metonymy | 0 | Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend | The trustworthiness of a friend’s rebuke is spoken of as if the sadness that his rebuke causes is trustworthy. Alternate translation: “Though it causes sadness, a friend’s rebuke is trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1659 | PRO | 27 | 6 | wzd4 | figs-explicit | 0 | but an enemy may kiss you profusely | It can be stated clearly that the enemy’s kisses are not trustworthy. Alternate translation: “but the enemy’s many kisses are not trustworthy” or “but an enemy may try to deceive you by kissing you profusely” or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1660 | PRO | 27 | 6 | d2u7 | 0 | profusely | “abundantly” or “too many times” | ||
| 1661 | PRO | 27 | 7 | diy7 | 0 | A person who has eaten to the full | “A person who is satisfied” or “A person who has eaten enough to be full” | ||
| 1662 | PRO | 27 | 7 | v4fr | 0 | rejects even a honeycomb | A honeycomb would normally be desirable, but not to the person who has already eaten enough to be satisfied. | ||
| 1663 | PRO | 27 | 7 | aj75 | 0 | every bitter thing is sweet | “everything that is bitter tastes sweet” | ||
| 1664 | PRO | 27 | 8 | tmr6 | figs-simile | 0 | Like a bird that wanders from its nest is a man who strays from where he lives | The words “wanders” and “strays” mean the same thing in this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1665 | PRO | 27 | 9 | p2m8 | 0 | Perfume | The word “perfume” here means a desirable oil or ointment. | ||
| 1666 | PRO | 27 | 9 | zj6k | figs-metonymy | 0 | make the heart rejoice | Here “the heart” represents the feelings or emotions of a person. Alternate translation: “make a person feel joyful” or “make a person glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1667 | PRO | 27 | 9 | fa3b | figs-metaphor | 0 | the sweetness of a friend comes from his sincere counsel | Possible meanings are 1) “sweetness” represents kindness. Alternate translation: “we recognize our friend’s kindness by his counsel” or 2) “sweetness” represents what we appreciate about a person. Alternate translation: “what we appreciate about a friend is his advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1668 | PRO | 27 | 10 | c6gz | 0 | your brother’s house | Here the word “brother” is a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group. | ||
| 1669 | PRO | 27 | 10 | zin1 | 0 | calamity | extreme troubles and misfortune | ||
| 1670 | PRO | 27 | 11 | v2t7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | make my heart rejoice | Here the “heart” represents the person’s feelings or emotions. Alternate translation: “make me feel joyful” or “make me glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1671 | PRO | 27 | 11 | sv31 | figs-explicit | 0 | then I will give back an answer to the one who mocks me | Here “answer” does not mean to answer a question. It means to respond or to reply to someone who is mocking. How this relates to the clause before it can be made clear. AT “then I will reply to the one who mocks me by telling him about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1672 | PRO | 27 | 11 | gm95 | 0 | mocks | makes fun of someone, especially in a cruel way | ||
| 1673 | PRO | 27 | 12 | y47t | 0 | A prudent man sees trouble and hides himself, but the naive people go on and suffer because of it | See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 22:3](../22/03.md). | ||
| 1674 | PRO | 27 | 12 | jm89 | 0 | A prudent man | “A man who is wise” or “A man who has good sense” | ||
| 1675 | PRO | 27 | 12 | j5th | 0 | the naive people | “the inexperienced and immature people” | ||
| 1676 | PRO | 27 | 12 | bv11 | 0 | suffer | experience something very unpleasant, such as illness, pain, or other hardships | ||
| 1677 | PRO | 27 | 13 | l1r3 | figs-explicit | 0 | Take a garment of one who has put up security for a stranger | When lending money, a lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1678 | PRO | 27 | 13 | q6ci | figs-idiom | 0 | who has put up security | This means for someone to give something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “who has guaranteed that what has been borrowed will be paid back” or “who has promised to pay a loan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1679 | PRO | 27 | 13 | gvg7 | figs-idiom | 0 | hold it in pledge | To “hold something in pledge” means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1680 | PRO | 27 | 14 | xjs1 | 0 | Whoever gives his neighbor a blessing | “If anyone gives his neighbor a blessing” | ||
| 1681 | PRO | 27 | 14 | z5ga | figs-activepassive | 0 | that blessing will be considered to be a curse | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the neighbor will consider that blessing to be a curse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1682 | PRO | 27 | 15 | bh2v | 0 | quarreling | This means making people angry with each other or causing strong disagreements between people. | ||
| 1683 | PRO | 27 | 15 | caj9 | figs-explicit | 0 | the constant dripping | The implied information is that it is rain that is constantly dripping. Alternate translation: “the constant dripping of rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1684 | PRO | 27 | 15 | ldj6 | 0 | a rainy day | “a day of continual rain” | ||
| 1685 | PRO | 27 | 16 | e46j | figs-simile | 0 | restraining her is like restraining the wind, or trying to catch oil in your right hand | The implied information is that it is as difficult or useless to try and restrain her as it is to try to restrain the wind or catch oil in your hand (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1686 | PRO | 27 | 16 | tfg7 | figs-explicit | 0 | restraining her | “holding her back” or “keeping her under control.” The implied information is that it is trying to stop her from quarreling. Alternate translation: “restraining her from quarreling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1687 | PRO | 27 | 16 | z86v | 0 | restraining the wind | “holding back the wind” or “keeping the wind under control” | ||
| 1688 | PRO | 27 | 17 | w3va | figs-simile | 0 | Iron sharpens iron; in the same way, a man sharpens his friend. | These two phrases are comparing how iron and a man can be improved. Alternate translation: “As iron can sharpen another piece of iron, so a man’s character is improved by contact with his friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1689 | PRO | 27 | 18 | gbr2 | 0 | who tends | “who takes care of” | ||
| 1690 | PRO | 27 | 18 | d71d | figs-activepassive | 0 | the one who protects his master will be honored | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a master will honor the one who protects him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1691 | PRO | 27 | 19 | z68a | figs-metonymy | 0 | a person’s heart | Here this means a person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “what a person thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1692 | PRO | 27 | 20 | nv5h | translate-names | 0 | Abaddon | This is a name that means “destroyer.” Alternate translation: “the Destroyer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 1693 | PRO | 27 | 20 | c28l | 0 | are never satisfied | “are never filled up” | ||
| 1694 | PRO | 27 | 20 | q6ud | figs-metonymy | 0 | a man’s eyes | Here the “eyes” represent a man’s desires. Alternate translation: “a man’s desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1695 | PRO | 27 | 21 | c4r4 | figs-explicit | 0 | A crucible is for silver and a furnace is for gold | This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. See how you translated the very similar phrase in [Proverbs 17:3](../17/03.md). Alternate translation: “A crucible is used to refine silver and a furnace is used to refine gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1696 | PRO | 27 | 21 | eg8j | translate-unknown | 0 | crucible | a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 1697 | PRO | 27 | 21 | eza1 | translate-unknown | 0 | furnace | an oven that can be made extremely hot (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 1698 | PRO | 27 | 21 | b7qd | figs-activepassive | 0 | a person is tested when he is praised | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when one praises a person, they are also testing that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1699 | PRO | 27 | 22 | m5zv | figs-metaphor | 0 | Even if you crush a fool…yet his foolishness will not leave him | This means that even if a fool is made to suffer hardship or pain (being crushed is often a metaphor for suffering in Hebrew), he will remain foolish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1700 | PRO | 27 | 22 | ir3k | translate-unknown | 0 | pestle | a hard tool with a rounded end, used for crushing things in a bowl (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 1701 | PRO | 27 | 23 | ixh6 | figs-parallelism | 0 | Be sure you know the condition of your flocks and be concerned about your herds | These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 1702 | PRO | 27 | 23 | de7k | 0 | your flocks | “flocks of sheep” | ||
| 1703 | PRO | 27 | 23 | b9bu | 0 | your herds | “herds of goats” | ||
| 1704 | PRO | 27 | 24 | v1t6 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Does a crown endure for all generations? | This question expects a negative answer to make the point that the reign of earthly rulers does not last forever. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “A crown does not endure for all generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1705 | PRO | 27 | 24 | gu92 | figs-metonymy | 0 | a crown | Here “crown” is a metonym for a king’s rule over his kingdom. Alternate translation: “a king’s rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1706 | PRO | 27 | 25 | n1ai | 0 | the new growth appears | “the new sprouts appear” or “the new grass starts to grow” | ||
| 1707 | PRO | 27 | 26 | ra5w | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Verses 26 and 27 go together with verses 23 to 25 as one proverb. | ||
| 1708 | PRO | 27 | 26 | dar8 | figs-explicit | 0 | Those lambs will provide your clothing | The implied information is that the wool (hair) from the lambs can be used to make clothing. Alternate translation: “The lambs’ wool will provide you with clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1709 | PRO | 27 | 26 | j2vp | figs-explicit | 0 | the goats will provide the price of the field | The implied information is that the money received by selling the goats will be enough to buy a field. Alternate translation: “selling your goats will provide the price of the field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1710 | PRO | 27 | 27 | q28m | figs-explicit | 0 | nourishment for your servant girls | The implied information is that there will also be enough goats’ milk to feed the servant girls. Alternate translation: “there will be goat’s milk to nourish your servant girls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1711 | PRO | 27 | 27 | xjw4 | 0 | nourishment | “food” | ||
| 1712 | PRO | 28 | intro | g91u | 0 | # Proverbs 28 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 28 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br> | |||
| 1713 | PRO | 28 | 2 | b4c7 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Because of the transgression of a land | The abstract noun “transgression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Because of how a land transgresses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1714 | PRO | 28 | 2 | qks4 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the transgression of a land | This is a metonym for the sins of the people living in a land. Alternate translation: “the transgression of the people of a land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1715 | PRO | 28 | 2 | ivf7 | figs-explicit | 0 | with a man of understanding and knowledge | The implied information is that this man is a ruler or leader. The abstract nouns “understanding” and “knowledge” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “with a man who understands and knows how to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1716 | PRO | 28 | 3 | tx2c | 0 | who oppresses | “who severely mistreats” | ||
| 1717 | PRO | 28 | 3 | pb4k | figs-simile | 0 | like a beating rain that leaves no food | The poor man who oppresses other poor people is compared to a rain that falls so hard that it leaves no crop to harvest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1718 | PRO | 28 | 3 | p9vx | figs-metaphor | 0 | beating rain | This is a metaphor for a rain coming down hard enough to cause crops to be driven down. Alternate translation: “damaging rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1719 | PRO | 28 | 4 | z1ah | 0 | forsake the law | “forsake God’s law” | ||
| 1720 | PRO | 28 | 4 | j98f | figs-metaphor | 0 | those who keep the law | To “keep the law” means to do what God’s law requires. Alternate translation: “those who obey God’s law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1721 | PRO | 28 | 4 | whf7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | fight against them | “struggle against them.” This means to strongly oppose or resist them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1722 | PRO | 28 | 5 | pi7r | figs-gendernotations | 0 | Evil men | Here “men” means people in general. Alternate translation: “People who do evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) | |
| 1723 | PRO | 28 | 5 | t38q | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | do not understand justice | The abstract noun “justice” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “do not understand what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1724 | PRO | 28 | 5 | k5mh | figs-metaphor | 0 | those who seek Yahweh | Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1725 | PRO | 28 | 5 | ru6t | figs-explicit | 0 | understand everything | The implied information is that those who seek Yahweh understand all about justice. Alternate translation: “completely understand what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1726 | PRO | 28 | 6 | q4ty | 0 | It is better for a poor person…than for a rich person | “It is better to be a poor person…than it is to be a rich person” | ||
| 1727 | PRO | 28 | 6 | pfi9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | walks in his integrity | This represents a person living a life of integrity. The abstract noun “integrity” can be expressed as an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1728 | PRO | 28 | 6 | jdf4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | who is crooked in his ways | Rich people who are dishonest are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “who is not honest in what he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1729 | PRO | 28 | 7 | b5pv | figs-metaphor | 0 | He who keeps the law | To “keep the law” means to do what God’s law requires. Alternate translation: “He who obeys God’s law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1730 | PRO | 28 | 7 | h42h | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | a son who has understanding | The abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a son who understands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1731 | PRO | 28 | 7 | rh6n | 0 | of gluttons | “of people who eat too much.” A “glutton” is a person who often eats and drinks excessively. | ||
| 1732 | PRO | 28 | 7 | q9hm | 0 | shames his father | “puts his father to shame” or “dishonors his father” | ||
| 1733 | PRO | 28 | 8 | uef7 | 0 | makes his fortune | “increases his wealth” | ||
| 1734 | PRO | 28 | 8 | i36g | 0 | charging too much interest | “charging extra money to borrow” | ||
| 1735 | PRO | 28 | 8 | tj5f | 0 | interest | money paid by a borrower for the use of someone else’s money | ||
| 1736 | PRO | 28 | 8 | xz6i | 0 | gathers his wealth | “brings his wealth together” | ||
| 1737 | PRO | 28 | 8 | e1qz | 0 | for another | “for another person” | ||
| 1738 | PRO | 28 | 8 | s7xf | 0 | pity | a strong feeling of sadness or sympathy for someone | ||
| 1739 | PRO | 28 | 9 | w428 | 0 | If one | “If a person” | ||
| 1740 | PRO | 28 | 9 | s7cf | figs-synecdoche | 0 | turns away his ear from hearing the law | This represents the whole person turning away from and rejecting God’s law. Alternate translation: “turns away from hearing and obeying the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1741 | PRO | 28 | 9 | ztw6 | figs-activepassive | 0 | even his prayer is detestable | “even his prayer is offensive to God.” This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “God detests even his prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1742 | PRO | 28 | 9 | a3bi | 0 | detestable | See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:32](../03/32.md). | ||
| 1743 | PRO | 28 | 10 | hgy2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Whoever misleads the upright into an evil way | This is a metaphor for leading upright people in an evil direction. Alternate translation: “Whoever causes the upright to go in an evil direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1744 | PRO | 28 | 10 | pv8z | 0 | Whoever misleads…evil way will fall | “If anyone misleads…evil way, he will fall” | ||
| 1745 | PRO | 28 | 10 | m6rz | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the upright | This refers to upright persons in general. Alternate translation: “upright persons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1746 | PRO | 28 | 10 | tw7h | figs-metaphor | 0 | will fall into his own pit | “will fall into the trap that he has dug.” This is a metaphor for ending up in the same bad place as others had been led toward. Alternate translation: “will end up in the same evil place toward which he guided other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1747 | PRO | 28 | 10 | yg55 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the blameless | This refers to blameless persons in general. Alternate translation: “blameless persons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1748 | PRO | 28 | 10 | w756 | 0 | will have a good inheritance | “will inherit what is good” | ||
| 1749 | PRO | 28 | 11 | eg7v | figs-metaphor | 0 | be wise in his own eyes | The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “be wise in his own thoughts” or “think he is wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1750 | PRO | 28 | 11 | pj9j | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | who has understanding | The abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “who understands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1751 | PRO | 28 | 11 | ynr5 | figs-idiom | 0 | will find him out | This is an idiom that means the poor person will be able to determine whether or not the rich person is really wise. Alternate translation: “will see his true nature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1752 | PRO | 28 | 12 | qew3 | 0 | When the righteous triumph | “When righteous people succeed” | ||
| 1753 | PRO | 28 | 12 | zkn5 | figs-idiom | 0 | when the wicked arise | This is an idiom that means when the wicked gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “when the wicked rise to power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1754 | PRO | 28 | 12 | emq6 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the wicked | This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1755 | PRO | 28 | 12 | g949 | figs-explicit | 0 | people are sought out | You may need to make explicit that those who “are sought out” have hidden themselves to escape from the wicked. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they seek people out” or “they seek out the people who hide from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1756 | PRO | 28 | 13 | h8gm | figs-metaphor | 0 | hides his sins | “covers his sins.” This is the opposite of confessing and forsaking sins, and is spoken of as covering sins rather than bringing them into the open (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1757 | PRO | 28 | 13 | e7kw | 0 | will not prosper | “will not succeed” or “will not advance” | ||
| 1758 | PRO | 28 | 13 | m9fz | figs-activepassive | 0 | the one who confesses them and forsakes them will be shown mercy | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will show mercy to the one who confesses and forsakes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1759 | PRO | 28 | 14 | nh5t | figs-activepassive | 0 | The one who always lives with reverence is blessed | This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who always lives with reverence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1760 | PRO | 28 | 14 | ffn2 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | lives with reverence | The abstract noun “reverence” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “lives a reverent life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1761 | PRO | 28 | 14 | ijf7 | 0 | reverence | This refers to deeply respecting Yahweh and showing that respect by obeying him. | ||
| 1762 | PRO | 28 | 14 | ymm8 | 0 | whoever hardens his heart | “the one who hardens his heart” | ||
| 1763 | PRO | 28 | 14 | ebu1 | figs-idiom | 0 | hardens his heart | This is an idiom that means to be stubborn or unwilling to obey God. Alternate translation: “refuses to obey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1764 | PRO | 28 | 14 | l7ee | figs-metaphor | 0 | will fall into trouble | This represents ending up in misery and distress. Alternate translation: “will end up in trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1765 | PRO | 28 | 15 | z8ti | figs-simile | 0 | Like a roaring lion or a charging bear is a wicked ruler over poor people | Poor people who are helpless against an evil ruler are compared to people who have a lion roaring at them or a bear attacking them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1766 | PRO | 28 | 15 | x5l1 | translate-unknown | 0 | a charging bear | A bear is a large, furry, dangerous animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 1767 | PRO | 28 | 16 | et9j | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | The ruler who lacks understanding | The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The ruler who does not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1768 | PRO | 28 | 16 | az95 | 0 | oppressor | a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult | ||
| 1769 | PRO | 28 | 16 | lv7n | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | the one who hates dishonesty | The abstract noun “dishonesty” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who hates being dishonest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1770 | PRO | 28 | 16 | eae9 | figs-idiom | 0 | prolong his days | Possible meanings are 1) this is an idiom that means his living for more time. Alternate translation: “live longer” or 2) this is an idiom that means extending the length of his reign. Alternate translation: “rule for a longer time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1771 | PRO | 28 | 17 | rm8g | figs-metonymy | 0 | he has shed someone’s blood | Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. Alternate translation: “he has killed someone” or “he has murdered someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1772 | PRO | 28 | 17 | v592 | 0 | fugitive | a person who is running away to avoid being captured | ||
| 1773 | PRO | 28 | 17 | iz6w | figs-idiom | 0 | until death | “until he dies.” This means for the rest of his life. Alternate translation: “all of his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1774 | PRO | 28 | 18 | nhr1 | figs-activepassive | 0 | Whoever walks with integrity will be kept safe | This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God will keep safe anyone who walks with integrity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1775 | PRO | 28 | 18 | u4m5 | 0 | Whoever | “Anyone who” | ||
| 1776 | PRO | 28 | 18 | f45f | figs-metaphor | 0 | walks with integrity | This represents a person living a life of integrity. The abstract noun “integrity” can be expressed as an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1777 | PRO | 28 | 18 | kvc6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the one whose way is crooked | A dishonest person is spoken of as if he walks on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “the one who does not live honestly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1778 | PRO | 28 | 18 | x79a | figs-metaphor | 0 | will suddenly fall | What will happen to a dishonest person is spoken of as if he suddenly fell down. Alternate translation: “will suddenly be ruined” or “will suddenly perish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1779 | PRO | 28 | 19 | dlk7 | 0 | works his land | This means to till, sow, and care for his crops. | ||
| 1780 | PRO | 28 | 19 | uq9z | 0 | whoever follows | “anyone who follows” | ||
| 1781 | PRO | 28 | 19 | t64p | figs-idiom | 0 | follows worthless pursuits | “chases after worthless projects.” The person who is busy doing things that do not produce anything is spoken of as chasing after useless things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1782 | PRO | 28 | 19 | b8y8 | figs-irony | 0 | will have plenty of poverty | The person following worthless pursuits is spoken of as getting the opposite of plenty of food. The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “will be very poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1783 | PRO | 28 | 20 | ix4q | figs-litotes | 0 | the one who gets rich quickly will not go unpunished | The double negative “will not go unpunished” is used for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will certainly punish the one who gets rich quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1784 | PRO | 28 | 20 | nt6p | figs-explicit | 0 | the one who gets rich quickly | The implied information is that this person gains wealth by unfaithful or dishonest means. Alternate translation: “the one who tries to get rich quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1785 | PRO | 28 | 21 | kg9c | figs-hyperbole | 0 | for a piece of bread a man will do wrong | “A piece of bread” here is an exaggeration for a very small bribe or reward. Alternate translation: “a man will sin for very little gain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
| 1786 | PRO | 28 | 21 | phu7 | 0 | do wrong | “sin” | ||
| 1787 | PRO | 28 | 22 | v63d | 0 | A stingy man | “A selfish man.” This is a person who does not like to share his possessions or spend money. | ||
| 1788 | PRO | 28 | 22 | f7a8 | figs-idiom | 0 | hurries after riches | The stingy man is spoken of as if he was chasing after wealth. Alternate translation: “is greedy for riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1789 | PRO | 28 | 22 | mz2h | figs-idiom | 0 | poverty will come upon him | The result of being stingy is spoken of as if poverty was overtaking the stingy person. The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “he will suddenly become poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1790 | PRO | 28 | 23 | sr8r | figs-activepassive | 0 | Whoever disciplines someone, afterward will find more favor from him than from the one who flatters him with his tongue | This can be stated in active form, with the abstract noun “favor” being expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “A person will favor the one who disciplines him more than he favors the person who flatters him with his tongue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1791 | PRO | 28 | 23 | q2x8 | 0 | Whoever disciplines | “If a person disciplines” | ||
| 1792 | PRO | 28 | 23 | hi86 | 0 | disciplines | trains people to obey a set of guidelines for moral behavior | ||
| 1793 | PRO | 28 | 23 | k6hl | figs-metonymy | 0 | flatters him with his tongue | The tongue here represents speaking. Alternate translation: “flatters him with words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1794 | PRO | 28 | 23 | l9i1 | 0 | flatters | praises someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praises someone about things that are not true | ||
| 1795 | PRO | 28 | 24 | xcp2 | 0 | Whoever robs | “The one who robs” | ||
| 1796 | PRO | 28 | 24 | qt94 | figs-quotations | 0 | says, “That is no sin,” he | This can be expressed as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “says that it is not a sin, he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 1797 | PRO | 28 | 24 | ie7m | figs-idiom | 0 | the companion of | Possible meanings are: 1) “the friend of” or 2) an idiom that means having the same character as. Alternate translation: “the same kind of person as” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1798 | PRO | 28 | 25 | e3ce | 0 | A greedy man | a person who selfishly wants more things, money or food than what he needs | ||
| 1799 | PRO | 28 | 25 | bkj4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | stirs up conflict | The action of the greedy man is spoken of as if he were stirring up or awakening conflict. Alternate translation: “causes conflict” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1800 | PRO | 28 | 26 | pnc4 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | One who trusts in his own heart | Depending on one’s self is spoken of as trusting in one’s own heart. Alternate translation: “The person who relies on himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1801 | PRO | 28 | 26 | dyj3 | 0 | whoever walks | “any person who walks” | ||
| 1802 | PRO | 28 | 26 | g7hy | figs-idiom | 0 | walks in wisdom | Possible meanings are 1) this is an idiom that means to live wisely. Alternate translation: “lives wisely” or 2) this is an idiom that means to follow the teachings of wise people. Alternate translation: “follows wise teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1803 | PRO | 28 | 27 | yhn4 | 0 | The one | “The person” | ||
| 1804 | PRO | 28 | 27 | y6e6 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the poor | This refers to poor people in general. Alternate translation: “poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 1805 | PRO | 28 | 27 | iwx5 | figs-litotes | 0 | lack nothing | This double negative is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “have everything they need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 1806 | PRO | 28 | 27 | ykd8 | figs-activepassive | 0 | whoever closes his eyes to them will receive many curses | This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) they will receive many curses from the poor. Alternate translation: “the poor will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to them” or 2) they will receive many curses from people in general. Alternate translation: “people will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” or 3) they will receive many curses from God. Alternate translation: “God will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1807 | PRO | 28 | 27 | cgl4 | 0 | whoever closes | “anyone who closes” | ||
| 1808 | PRO | 28 | 27 | x8x1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | closes his eyes to | Closing the eyes represents not responding to the needs of the poor. Alternate translation: “ignores” or “chooses not to help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1809 | PRO | 28 | 28 | ku38 | figs-idiom | 0 | When the wicked arise | This is an idiom that means when wicked people gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “When wicked people rise to power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1810 | PRO | 28 | 28 | xc51 | figs-hyperbole | 0 | people hide themselves | This is an exaggeration for doing everything they can to avoid having wicked people harm them. Alternate translation: “people go into hiding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) | |
| 1811 | PRO | 28 | 28 | vjp8 | 0 | perish | Possible meanings are 1) “go away” or 2) “fall from power” or 3) “are destroyed.” | ||
| 1812 | PRO | 28 | 28 | pd87 | 0 | increase | Possible meanings are 1) “multiply” or 2) “rise to power.” | ||
| 1813 | PRO | 29 | intro | pkl4 | 0 | # Proverbs 29 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br> | |||
| 1814 | PRO | 29 | 1 | rl7a | figs-metaphor | 0 | who stiffens his neck | A person becoming stubborn is spoken of as if he stiffens his neck. Alternate translation: “who becomes stubborn” or “who refuses to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1815 | PRO | 29 | 1 | nb5z | figs-activepassive | 0 | will be broken in a moment | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will suddenly break him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1816 | PRO | 29 | 1 | y5ft | figs-metaphor | 0 | beyond healing | “and no one will be able to heal him.” Sickness is a metaphor for any kind of bad situation. Alternate translation: “and no one will be able to help him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1817 | PRO | 29 | 2 | w7r2 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the people sigh | The people let out long, loud breaths that show that they are weary and sad. Alternate translation: “the people will be weary and sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1818 | PRO | 29 | 4 | v6du | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | by justice | The abstract noun “justice” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “by doing what is just” or “by making just laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1819 | PRO | 29 | 5 | x5x6 | 0 | flatters his neighbor | knowingly tells his neighbor things that are not true so that the neighbor will do what the speaker wants him to do | ||
| 1820 | PRO | 29 | 5 | udx2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | spreading a net for his feet | The writer compares the flattery of a person to setting that person up to being caught in a trap. Alternate translation: “setting a trap to catch that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1821 | PRO | 29 | 6 | k8iq | figs-idiom | 0 | In the sin of an evil person is a trap | When an evil person sins, it is as if he is stepping into a trap. He desires to do evil to other people, but God will use what he does to punish him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1822 | PRO | 29 | 8 | g91s | figs-metonymy | 0 | set a city on fire | Here the word “city” represents the people who live in the city. Mockers causing the people to experience turmoil and possibly to become violent is spoken of as if they set the city on fire. Alternate translation: “create turmoil for the people of a city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1823 | PRO | 29 | 8 | vcu6 | figs-idiom | 0 | turn away wrath | This idiom means to cause angry people no longer to be angry. Alternate translation: “calm the wrath of angry people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1824 | PRO | 29 | 9 | el5g | 0 | has an argument with | Another possible meaning is “goes to court against.” | ||
| 1825 | PRO | 29 | 9 | tzx7 | 0 | he rages and laughs | The fool becomes very angry and tries to keep the wise person from speaking or the court judge from judging. | ||
| 1826 | PRO | 29 | 9 | kn5t | 0 | rages | This means to be loud and excited and to move with powerful movements like a strong storm. This is a negative word. | ||
| 1827 | PRO | 29 | 9 | qmv5 | 0 | there will be no rest | “they will not be able to settle the problem” | ||
| 1828 | PRO | 29 | 10 | jbu4 | figs-idiom | 0 | seek the life of | This idiom means to “want to kill.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1829 | PRO | 29 | 12 | ui7k | 0 | pays attention | “listens.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 17:4](../17/04.md). | ||
| 1830 | PRO | 29 | 12 | b9es | figs-metaphor | 0 | all his officials will be wicked | The actions of the ruler are spoken of by stating the result they will cause. Alternate translation: “it is as if he is teaching his officials to be wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1831 | PRO | 29 | 13 | f56w | 0 | oppressor | a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult | ||
| 1832 | PRO | 29 | 13 | psq6 | figs-idiom | 0 | Yahweh gives light to the eyes of them both | This idiom means “Yahweh makes both of them alive.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1833 | PRO | 29 | 14 | x486 | figs-metonymy | 0 | his throne | The throne is a metonym for the kingdom he rules from his throne. Alternate translation: “his kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1834 | PRO | 29 | 15 | ybi8 | figs-personification | 0 | The rod and reproof give wisdom | The writer speaks as if a rod and reproof were people who could give wisdom as a physical gift. Alternate translation: “If a parent uses the rod on his child and reproves him, the child will become wise” or “If parents discipline their child and tell him when he has done wrong, the child will learn to live wisely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 1835 | PRO | 29 | 15 | p19z | figs-metonymy | 0 | The rod | Parents in Israel used wooden rods as instruments to discipline children by striking them. Alternate translation: “discipline” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1836 | PRO | 29 | 15 | m43w | 0 | reproof | When a person gives reproof to another person, or reproves that person, he tells that person that he does not approve of what that other person is doing. | ||
| 1837 | PRO | 29 | 16 | th5t | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | transgression increases | The abstract noun “transgression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “more people will transgress and their sins will become worse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1838 | PRO | 29 | 16 | ha78 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | the downfall of those wicked people | The abstract noun “downfall” can be translated with the verb “fall,” which is a metaphor for losing the power to rule. Alternate translation: “those wicked people fall” or “those wicked people lose their power to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1839 | PRO | 29 | 18 | s41b | figs-activepassive | 0 | the one who keeps the law is blessed | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who keeps the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1840 | PRO | 29 | 19 | kl1y | figs-activepassive | 0 | A slave will not be corrected by words | This can be translated in active form.”You will not be able to correct a slave simply by talking to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1841 | PRO | 29 | 20 | qfr9 | figs-rquestion | 0 | See a man who is hasty in his words? | The writer is using a question to get the reader’s attention. Alternate translation: “You should notice what happens to a man who is hasty in his words.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1842 | PRO | 29 | 21 | k1j6 | 0 | who pampers his slave | “who allows his slave to avoid work and who treats his slave better than he treats other slaves” | ||
| 1843 | PRO | 29 | 21 | qas4 | 0 | at the end of it | “at the end of the slave’s youth” or “when the slave is grown” | ||
| 1844 | PRO | 29 | 21 | qs95 | 0 | there will be trouble | These words translate a Hebrew word whose meaning no one knows for sure. Some understand it to mean that the slave will be weak, others that the slave will rule the household. | ||
| 1845 | PRO | 29 | 22 | s7ha | figs-metaphor | 0 | stirs up strife | Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. The abstract noun “strife” can be stated as “argue.” See how you translated similar words in [Proverbs 15:18](../15/18.md). Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” or “causes people to argue and fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1846 | PRO | 29 | 22 | ad7m | figs-idiom | 0 | a master of rage | This idiom means “a person who becomes angry easily.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1847 | PRO | 29 | 23 | z268 | figs-activepassive | 0 | one who has a humble spirit will be given honor | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “men will give honor to a person who has a humble spirit” or “a person who has a humble spirit will receive honor from men” or “Yahweh will cause men to honor a person who has a humble spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1848 | PRO | 29 | 24 | jpz1 | 0 | hates his own life | “becomes his own enemy” | ||
| 1849 | PRO | 29 | 24 | ej5k | figs-explicit | 0 | he hears the curse and says nothing | Possible meanings are 1) people have put the “one who shares with a thief” under oath to tell the truth about what he knows about what the thief stole, and he knows he will be punished if he tells the truth. Alternate translation: “he does not dare to testify under oath” or 2) people do not know who the thief is but they call on God to curse the thief, and the “one who shares” is afraid to confess and so come out from under the curse because he is afraid of the thief. Alternate translation: “he says nothing even after people have cursed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1850 | PRO | 29 | 25 | t7d5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | The fear of man makes a snare | Being afraid of what other people might do is spoken of as stepping into a trap. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is afraid of what other people might do to him is like a person who has become snared in a trap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1851 | PRO | 29 | 25 | k5l2 | 0 | a snare | a trap that catches animals with ropes | ||
| 1852 | PRO | 29 | 25 | t3gk | figs-activepassive | 0 | the one who trusts in Yahweh will be protected | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect the one who trusts in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1853 | PRO | 29 | 26 | sa3k | figs-metonymy | 0 | Many are those who seek the face of the ruler | The word “face” is a metonym for the ruler listening to people telling him what they want him to do and then doing it. Alternate translation: “Many people want their ruler to pay attention to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1854 | PRO | 29 | 26 | w96b | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | from Yahweh is justice for a person | It is Yahweh, not human rulers, who will see that people treat a person justly. The abstract noun “justice” can be stated as “just.” Alternate translation: “it is Yahweh who is truly just towards a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1855 | PRO | 29 | 27 | c4s9 | 0 | detestable | a person who should be hated. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:32](../03/32.md). | ||
| 1856 | PRO | 30 | intro | aud8 | 0 | # Proverbs 30 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 30 is a chapter in Proverbs attributed to Agur, who is a person otherwise unknown.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Agur<br><br>His full title is Agur, Son of Jakeh. Agur comes from a Hebrew word that means “gatherer” and so some scholars believe this is not a real name, but possibly a way of referring to Solomon as a gatherer of proverbs. However, it is still prudent to simply use this as a name.<br><br>### Three things and four<br><br>From verses 15 through 32, the author uses a specific technique to explain some things. He says there are three things and even four and lists items that exemplify a feature like “small and yet wise.” The numbering is not meant to be so literal, but as a memory device that introduces the items. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>### Themes<br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br> | |||
| 1857 | PRO | 30 | 1 | u8l9 | translate-names | 0 | Agur…Jakeh…Ithiel…Ucal | These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 1858 | PRO | 30 | 1 | v8qt | 0 | Agur son of Jakeh | This is the literal son of Jakeh, not a grandchild. | ||
| 1859 | PRO | 30 | 1 | ic3d | 0 | the utterance | “the message” | ||
| 1860 | PRO | 30 | 1 | y7qf | 0 | to Ithiel, to Ithiel and Ucal | “to Ithiel—that is, to Ithiel and Ucal” | ||
| 1861 | PRO | 30 | 2 | n4d9 | 0 | Surely | “Certainly” or “There is no doubt that” | ||
| 1862 | PRO | 30 | 2 | ij38 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | I do not have the understanding of a human being | The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I do not understand anything the way human beings are supposed to understand them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1863 | PRO | 30 | 3 | ln5f | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | nor do I have knowledge of the Holy One | The abstract noun “knowledge” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “nor do I really know anything about the Holy One” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1864 | PRO | 30 | 4 | kw1a | figs-rquestion | 0 | Who has…down? Who has…hands? Who has…cloak? Who has…earth? | The writer asks these questions to get the reader thinking about how much greater Yahweh is than people. Alternate translation: “No person has ever…down. No person has ever…hands. No person has ever…cloak. No person has ever…earth.” or “Who has…down? Who has…hands? Who has…cloak? Who has…earth? No one has ever done any of these things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1865 | PRO | 30 | 4 | eb1b | 0 | heaven | where God lives | ||
| 1866 | PRO | 30 | 4 | bz7z | figs-metaphor | 0 | gathered up the wind in the hollow of his hands | The writer speaks of the wind as if it were something that a person could catch and hold in his hand. Alternate translation: “has caught the wind in his hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1867 | PRO | 30 | 4 | g4i7 | 0 | the hollow of his hands | the way his hands are shaped when he is scooping up, for example, water or sand. “his cupped hands” | ||
| 1868 | PRO | 30 | 4 | l4kf | 0 | gathered up | brought small scattered objects into a pile so they can be lifted | ||
| 1869 | PRO | 30 | 4 | rce5 | 0 | has established all the ends of the earth | “has set up the limits for where the earth ends” or “has marked the boundaries for the ends of the earth” | ||
| 1870 | PRO | 30 | 4 | t7g1 | figs-rquestion | 0 | What is his name, and what is the name of his son? | The writer uses these questions to command the reader to give an answer. Alternate translation: “Tell me his name and the name of his son, if you know them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1871 | PRO | 30 | 4 | jv39 | figs-irony | 0 | Surely you know! | The writer uses irony to show that neither he nor the reader know any person who can do what the “who” in the earlier questions can do. Alternate translation: “I do not think you really know anyone who can do those things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) | |
| 1872 | PRO | 30 | 5 | mna2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | is tested | Words are spoken of as if they were metals that need someone to clean the bad parts out of them. Alternate translation: “is like a precious metal from which someone has removed all the useless material” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1873 | PRO | 30 | 5 | u15z | figs-metaphor | 0 | he is a shield to those who take refuge in him | The word “shield” is a metaphor for something that protects a person. Alternate translation: “he protects those who come and ask him to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1874 | PRO | 30 | 6 | lu63 | 0 | add to his words | say more than he has said | ||
| 1875 | PRO | 30 | 6 | e39x | figs-activepassive | 0 | you will be proved to be | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will prove that you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1876 | PRO | 30 | 8 | v3d5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Put vanity and lies far away from me | Possible meanings are 1) “Do not allow people to speak vanity and lies to me” or 2) “Do not allow me to speak vanity and lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1877 | PRO | 30 | 8 | jw32 | 0 | vanity | false, useless words | ||
| 1878 | PRO | 30 | 8 | wk6q | figs-metaphor | 0 | Give me neither poverty nor riches | The writer speaks as if “poverty” and “riches” were physical objects that someone could give to another. They are also abstract nouns that can be stated as “poor” and “rich.” Alternate translation: “Do not allow me to be either very poor or very rich” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1879 | PRO | 30 | 9 | vrk2 | figs-hypo | 0 | if I have too much, I might deny you and say | This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes rich. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) | |
| 1880 | PRO | 30 | 9 | t24i | figs-hypo | 0 | if I become poor, I might steal and profane | This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) | |
| 1881 | PRO | 30 | 9 | f4ah | 0 | I might steal and profane the name of my God | “I might make people who know that I have stolen things think that there is no God” or “I might harm God’s reputation by stealing” | ||
| 1882 | PRO | 30 | 10 | rz4a | 0 | slander | speak falsely about another person with the desire to harm him | ||
| 1883 | PRO | 30 | 10 | ycc9 | 0 | he will curse | “the servant will curse” | ||
| 1884 | PRO | 30 | 10 | u5fu | figs-activepassive | 0 | you will be held guilty | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will hold you guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1885 | PRO | 30 | 11 | sz6e | 0 | a generation that curses…and does not bless | “a generation of people who curse…and do not bless” | ||
| 1886 | PRO | 30 | 11 | z4bb | 0 | generation | type or class or group | ||
| 1887 | PRO | 30 | 12 | h8cq | 0 | a generation that is | “a generation of people that are” | ||
| 1888 | PRO | 30 | 12 | dp6p | figs-metaphor | 0 | is pure in their own eyes | The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “considers themselves pure” or “believes they are pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1889 | PRO | 30 | 12 | re7r | figs-metaphor | 0 | they are not washed of their filth | The words “washed” and “filth” speak of God forgiving people who sin as if he were washing physical filth off of the people. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has not forgiven them of their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1890 | PRO | 30 | 12 | fyp5 | 0 | filth | This should be translated with a polite term that includes human or animal vomit and waste. | ||
| 1891 | PRO | 30 | 13 | ey4d | figs-metonymy | 0 | eyes are raised up…their eyelids lifted up | This describes people who think that they are better than other people. Their eyes show that they are proud, and the way they look at others shows that they think they are better than those other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1892 | PRO | 30 | 14 | zca7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | There is a generation whose teeth are swords, and their jawbones are like knives, so they may devour the poor…and the needy | The people of the generation who speak very harmful things is spoken of as if they were wild animals with teeth and jawbones made of swords and knives, and they eat the poor and needy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1893 | PRO | 30 | 14 | z22j | 0 | jawbones | the bones of the face where teeth grow | ||
| 1894 | PRO | 30 | 15 | yr92 | figs-metaphor | 0 | The leech has two daughters | This is an example of something that always wants more. Alternate translation: “Greed has two daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1895 | PRO | 30 | 15 | ik61 | 0 | leech | a type of worm that attaches itself to the skin and sucks blood | ||
| 1896 | PRO | 30 | 15 | n8v6 | 0 | “Give and give” they cry | Another possible meaning is “and they are both named Give Me.” | ||
| 1897 | PRO | 30 | 15 | snu6 | writing-poetry | 0 | There are three things that are never satisfied, four that never say, “Enough” | This use of the numbers “three” and “four” together here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are four things that are never satisfied, who never say, ‘Enough’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) | |
| 1898 | PRO | 30 | 15 | xlu4 | figs-litotes | 0 | are never satisfied | This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “always want more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 1899 | PRO | 30 | 16 | d8p5 | figs-personification | 0 | land that is never satisfied with water | Land that is no longer producing food because there has been no rain is spoken of as if it were a person who does not have enough water to drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 1900 | PRO | 30 | 17 | hr1j | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | scorns obedience to a mother | The word “obedience” is a metonym for the mother herself. It is also an abstract noun that can be stated as “obey.” Alternate translation: “considers his mother worthless and will not obey her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1901 | PRO | 30 | 17 | pr2u | 0 | his eyes…the vultures | The writer says that the person will die by giving two pictures of what happens to people who die away from where people live. | ||
| 1902 | PRO | 30 | 17 | l9a8 | figs-activepassive | 0 | his eyes will be pecked out by the ravens of the valley | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the ravens of the valley will peck out his eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1903 | PRO | 30 | 17 | x3vs | 0 | ravens | large, shiny, black birds that eat plants and dead animals | ||
| 1904 | PRO | 30 | 17 | sxz9 | figs-activepassive | 0 | he will be eaten by the vultures | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the vultures will eat him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1905 | PRO | 30 | 17 | k8je | 0 | vultures | any one of several large birds that eat dead animals and have small, featherless heads | ||
| 1906 | PRO | 30 | 18 | njh2 | 0 | There are three things that are…four that I do not understand: | The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are some things that are too wonderful for me that I do not understand—four of them are:” | ||
| 1907 | PRO | 30 | 19 | u9rp | figs-metaphor | 0 | in the heart of the sea | The “heart” refers to the middle. Alternate translation: “in the middle of the sea” or “on the open sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1908 | PRO | 30 | 20 | h26k | figs-euphemism | 0 | she eats and she wipes her mouth | This seems to be both a euphemism and a metaphor for committing adultery and then taking a bath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1909 | PRO | 30 | 21 | s3e3 | 0 | Under three things the earth trembles, and under four it cannot bear up | The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. “There are some things that make the earth tremble, that it cannot endure. Four of these are:” | ||
| 1910 | PRO | 30 | 22 | xv9v | figs-activepassive | 0 | a fool when he is filled with food | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fool who has had enough to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1911 | PRO | 30 | 23 | l8m1 | figs-activepassive | 0 | a hated woman when she marries | That is, people rightly hated her before she married; once she marries, she will be worse than she was before she married. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a woman whom good people have hated when she marries” or “an outcast woman when she marries” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1912 | PRO | 30 | 23 | dwd5 | 0 | takes the place of her mistress | rules the household | ||
| 1913 | PRO | 30 | 26 | p11p | 0 | rock badgers | an animal with small, rounded ears, short legs, and no tail | ||
| 1914 | PRO | 30 | 28 | l4zb | 0 | lizard | a small reptile that has four legs, a long, slender body, and a tail | ||
| 1915 | PRO | 30 | 29 | u31f | 0 | There are three things that are…four that are stately in how they walk | The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are some things that walk stately. Four of these are” | ||
| 1916 | PRO | 30 | 29 | dc44 | 0 | stately | majestic or dignified, like a king | ||
| 1917 | PRO | 30 | 31 | e3z8 | 0 | strutting rooster | an adult male chicken that walks proudly | ||
| 1918 | PRO | 30 | 33 | kgm4 | 0 | churning | strongly stirring | ||
| 1919 | PRO | 30 | 33 | nj7p | 0 | butter | Animal milk that someone has stirred and made thick. | ||
| 1920 | PRO | 31 | intro | dd9p | 0 | # Proverbs 31 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 31 begins with 9 verses from King Lemuel. The last portion of this chapter is a poem about a godly wife. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>### King Lemuel<br><br>This person is unknown in Scripture, other than here. It is important to recognize that the words in this chapter are words of his mother addressed to him. They are formed like advice of a mother to her son.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### An acrostic poem<br><br>Verse 10 through 31 is tightly formed as a poem in the original language. There are 22 lines in the Hebrew language that each begin with a successive letter of the alphabet. However, each language will have a different set of letters. Therefore, it is important to realize this was a single composition with a single theme of a noble or godly wife.<br><br>### Themes<br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br> | |||
| 1921 | PRO | 31 | 2 | nw5l | figs-rquestion | 0 | What, my son? What is it, son of my womb? What do you want, son of my vows? | Possible meanings of the rhetorical question “What” are 1) “What are you doing?” or “You should not be doing what you are doing” or 2) “What shall I tell you?” or “Listen to what I am telling you” or 3) “Do not do the things I am about to warn you against.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1922 | PRO | 31 | 2 | ag7f | 0 | my son…son of my womb…son of my vows | The speaker wants the hearer to notice carefully and to respect the one who is talking to him. | ||
| 1923 | PRO | 31 | 2 | ye5f | 0 | son of my womb | The womb is a synecdoche for the person. It is best to use a polite term for the body part in which babies grow before they are born. | ||
| 1924 | PRO | 31 | 2 | p2hh | 0 | son of my vows | The “vows” could be 1) the mother’s marriage vows or 2) a vow after she married that if God allowed her to have a child she would dedicate him to God. | ||
| 1925 | PRO | 31 | 3 | irw8 | 0 | Do not give your strength to women | “Do not work hard trying to have sex with women,” either outside of marriage or with concubines. | ||
| 1926 | PRO | 31 | 3 | tuq5 | 0 | or your ways to those who destroy kings | “or allow those who destroy kings to advise you” | ||
| 1927 | PRO | 31 | 3 | j3yt | 0 | your ways | Possible meanings are 1) “the way you live your life” or 2) “the work you do” | ||
| 1928 | PRO | 31 | 3 | v8um | 0 | those who destroy kings | probably the immoral “women” to whom he is not to give his strength | ||
| 1929 | PRO | 31 | 4 | s8mw | 0 | Lemuel | This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:1](../31/01.md). | ||
| 1930 | PRO | 31 | 5 | ex8n | figs-activepassive | 0 | what has been decreed | This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “what God has decreed” or 2) “what the kings themselves have decreed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1931 | PRO | 31 | 5 | w2jv | 0 | pervert the rights of all the afflicted | “deny afflicted people their legal rights” | ||
| 1932 | PRO | 31 | 5 | y3ds | 0 | pervert | exchange good for evil | ||
| 1933 | PRO | 31 | 5 | mdn6 | 0 | all the afflicted | “all those people whom others wrongfully harm” | ||
| 1934 | PRO | 31 | 6 | q63s | figs-ellipsis | 0 | and wine | The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “and give wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
| 1935 | PRO | 31 | 6 | i7g7 | 0 | in bitter distress | “who’s souls are bitter” or “who are in misery” | ||
| 1936 | PRO | 31 | 7 | f15v | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | his poverty | The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “how poor he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1937 | PRO | 31 | 7 | cb4b | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | his trouble | The abstract noun “trouble” can be translated as a clause. Alternate translation: “the bad things that are happening to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1938 | PRO | 31 | 8 | r3tl | figs-idiom | 0 | Speak for those who cannot speak | Speaking is a metonym for using words to defend innocent people. Alternate translation: “Defend those who cannot defend themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1939 | PRO | 31 | 8 | mxp7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | for the causes of all who are perishing | The cause represents the person whose cause it is. Alternate translation: “so that people will treat all who are perishing justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1940 | PRO | 31 | 8 | e1y9 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | for the causes | The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “speak for the causes” or “speak out for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
| 1941 | PRO | 31 | 9 | yc2m | figs-doublet | 0 | poor and needy people | These two words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “people who are poor and cannot get the things that they need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
| 1942 | PRO | 31 | 10 | ufh2 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Who can find a capable wife? | The writer asks a question to show that he is beginning a new section. Alternate translation: “Not many men can find a capable wife.” or “Not many men can find a wife who is able to do many things well.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1943 | PRO | 31 | 10 | v97s | 0 | Her value is far more than jewels | “She is more precious than jewels” | ||
| 1944 | PRO | 31 | 11 | i7un | figs-litotes | 0 | he will never be poor | This litotes can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “he will always have what he needs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 1945 | PRO | 31 | 13 | usy5 | 0 | wool | sheep’s hair that is used to make cloth | ||
| 1946 | PRO | 31 | 13 | xs1v | 0 | flax | a plant whose fiber is used to make linen | ||
| 1947 | PRO | 31 | 13 | n9qr | 0 | with the delight of her hands | Possible meanings are that the word “delight” describes 1) how she feels as she works, “gladly with her hands,” or 2) how she feels about the wool and flax, “with her hands on things that she enjoys working with” | ||
| 1948 | PRO | 31 | 14 | h984 | 0 | merchant | someone who buys and sells | ||
| 1949 | PRO | 31 | 15 | ry3t | 0 | distributes the work for her female servants | “tells her female servants what work each of them is to do that day” | ||
| 1950 | PRO | 31 | 16 | fgc9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the fruit of her hands | The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1951 | PRO | 31 | 17 | vv53 | figs-idiom | 0 | She dresses herself with strength | Putting on clothes is a metonym for preparing for work. Alternate translation: “She prepares herself for hard physical work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1952 | PRO | 31 | 17 | fn86 | 0 | makes her arms strong | “she strengthens her arms by doing her work” | ||
| 1953 | PRO | 31 | 18 | d4np | 0 | perceives | sees by looking carefully | ||
| 1954 | PRO | 31 | 18 | jpw6 | figs-hyperbole | 0 | all night long her lamp is not extinguished | This is probably an exaggeration: she works late into the night, but not from dusk to dawn. Alternate translation: “She burns a lamp through the night as she works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1955 | PRO | 31 | 19 | d3iv | 0 | spindle | a thin rod or stick with pointed ends that is used in making thread | ||
| 1956 | PRO | 31 | 20 | en6l | figs-metonymy | 0 | reaches out with her hand to poor | The hand is a metonym for the help the woman uses her hand to give. Alternate translation: “helps poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1957 | PRO | 31 | 20 | s1we | 0 | reaches out with her hands to | These words translate the same words translated “puts her hands on” in [Proverbs 31:19](../31/19.md). | ||
| 1958 | PRO | 31 | 21 | tt96 | figs-metonymy | 0 | are clothed in scarlet | Here “scarlet” does not refer to the color of the cloth, but that the clothing is expensive and warm. Alternate translation: “have expensive, warm clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1959 | PRO | 31 | 21 | ail4 | 0 | scarlet | The color red, but with a hint of orange. | ||
| 1960 | PRO | 31 | 22 | a3x1 | 0 | linen | cloth made of flax yarn | ||
| 1961 | PRO | 31 | 23 | ra37 | figs-activepassive | 0 | Her husband is known | This can be translated in active form. The verb “know” is a metonym for respect. Alternate translation: “People respect her husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1962 | PRO | 31 | 23 | dbz1 | 0 | when he sits with the elders of the land | to make laws and settle arguments | ||
| 1963 | PRO | 31 | 24 | d6wi | 0 | linen | cloth made from flax yarn | ||
| 1964 | PRO | 31 | 24 | ghw5 | 0 | sashes | long pieces of cloth worn around the waist or over one shoulder | ||
| 1965 | PRO | 31 | 25 | k3bi | figs-metaphor | 0 | She is clothed with strength and honor | Having strength and honor is spoken of as if the woman were wearing them. This can be translated in active form. The abstract nouns “strength” and “honor” can be translated by an adjective and a verb, respectively. Alternate translation: “Everyone can see that she is strong, and so they honor her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1966 | PRO | 31 | 25 | a29g | figs-hyperbole | 0 | laughs at the time to come | This is probably an exaggeration to show that she is not afraid. Alternate translation: “is not afraid of what will happen in the future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
| 1967 | PRO | 31 | 26 | lb6q | figs-metonymy | 0 | opens her mouth with wisdom | The act of opening her mouth is a metonym for speaking. The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as an adverb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “she speaks wisely” or “she speaks wise words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1968 | PRO | 31 | 26 | q9jl | figs-metonymy | 0 | the law of kindness is on her tongue | The phrase “on her tongue” refers to her speaking, as the tongue is part of the mouth. The phrase “the law of kindness” refers to her teaching people to be kind. Alternate translation: “she teaches people to be kind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1969 | PRO | 31 | 27 | uqe6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | watches over the ways of her household | The word “ways” refers to the way people live. Alternate translation: “makes sure her whole family lives in a way that pleases God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1970 | PRO | 31 | 27 | ynb8 | figs-idiom | 0 | does not eat the bread of idleness | To “eat the bread of” something means to do something. Alternate translation: “she is not idle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1971 | PRO | 31 | 27 | j79l | 0 | idleness | doing nothing and being lazy | ||
| 1972 | PRO | 31 | 28 | hq5u | figs-metonymy | 0 | rise up and | Possible meanings are 1) literally “stand up and” or 2) as a metonym, “actively.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1973 | PRO | 31 | 28 | lqv2 | figs-quotations | 0 | call her blessed | saying that good things have happened to her because she has done good things. This can be translated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “congratulate her” or “say, ‘Yay, Mom!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 1974 | PRO | 31 | 29 | fl85 | 0 | you surpassed | “you have done better than” | ||
| 1975 | PRO | 31 | 30 | e8cj | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Elegance is deceptive | The abstract noun “elegance” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “A gracious woman can deceive people” or “A woman with good manners could really be evil” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 11:16](../11/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1976 | PRO | 31 | 30 | qcq1 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | beauty is vain | The abstract noun “beauty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “a woman who is beautiful now will not always be beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1977 | PRO | 31 | 30 | k9e4 | figs-activepassive | 0 | she will be praised | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will praise her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1978 | PRO | 31 | 31 | df11 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the fruit of her hands | The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:16](./16.md). Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1979 | PRO | 31 | 31 | ef6y | figs-metonymy | 0 | let her works praise her in the gates | She will be praised for her works, not by her works. Those “in the gates” are the important people of the city who conduct business and legal affairs near the gates of the city. Alternate translation: “may the important people of the city praise her because of the works she has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |