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Description
In some languages an adjective can be used to refer to a class of things that the adjective describes. When it does, it acts like a noun. For example, the word “rich” is an adjective. Here are two sentences that show that “rich” is an adjective.
…The rich man had huge numbers of flocks and herds…(2 Samuel 12:2 ULT)
The adjective “rich” comes before the word “man” and describes “man.”
He will not be rich; his wealth will not last… (Job 15:29 ULT)
The adjective “rich” comes after the verb “be” and describes “He.”
Here is a sentence that shows that “rich” can also function as a noun.
…the rich must not give more than the half shekel, and the poor must not give less. (Exodus 30:15 ULT)
In Exodus 30:15, the word “rich” acts as a noun in the phrase “the rich,” and it refers to rich people. The word “poor” also acts as a noun and refers to poor people.
Reason this is a translation issue
- Many times in the Bible adjectives are used as nouns to describe a group of people.
- Some languages do not use adjectives in this way.
- Readers of these languages may think that the text is talking about one particular person when it is really talking about the group of people whom the adjective describes.
Examples from the Bible
The scepter of wickedness must not rule in the land of the righteous. (Psalms 125:3 ULT)
“The righteous” here are people who are righteous, not one particular righteous person.
Blessed are the meek (Matthew 5:5 ULT)
“The meek” here are all people who are meek, not one particular meek person.
Translation Strategies
If your language uses adjectives as nouns to refer to a class of people, consider using the adjectives in this way. If it would sound strange, or if the meaning would be unclear or wrong, here is another option:
- Use the adjective with a plural form of the noun that the adjective describes.
Examples of Translation Strategies Applied
(1) Use the adjective with a plural form of the noun that the adjective describes.
The scepter of wickedness must not rule in the land of the righteous. (Psalms 125:3 ULT)
The scepter of wickedness must not rule in the land of righteous people.
Blessed are the meek… (Matthew 5:5 ULT)
Blessed are people who are meek…