richmahn_en_tn/en_tn_01-GEN.tsv

1	Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
2	GEN	front	intro	d9wn			0		# Introduction to Genesis<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Genesis<br><br>1. From the Creation to the Tower of Babel<br>- The account of the creation of the heavens and the earth (1:1–4:26)<br>- The account of Adam (5:1–6:8)<br>- The account of Noah (6:9–11:9)<br>- The account of Shem (11:10–11:26)<br>- The account of Terah (11:27–11:32)<br>1. The accounts of the Patriarchs<br>- The account of Abraham (12:1-25:11)<br>- The account of Ishmael (25:12–25:18)<br>- The account of Isaac, focusing on Jacob (25:19–35:29)<br>- The account of Esau (36:1–37:1)<br>- The account of Jacob, focusing on Joseph (37:2–50:26)<br><br>### What is Genesis about?<br><br>Genesis begins with the early years of creation. It tells about God creating heaven, earth, and the first humans. It also tells about the first time humans sinned. This caused humans to be separated from God and to eventually die. Genesis 1-11 briefly tells about other important events that occurred over many hundreds of years. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]])<br><br>Genesis is also about the beginning of God’s people. Genesis 12-50 tells about how God remained faithful to Abraham and his descendants. Abraham’s descendants became known as the Hebrews and later as the Israelites. These people would worship Yahweh and be his people.<br><br>Genesis ends with Abraham’s descendants living in Egypt with the hope of returning one day to the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>“Genesis” means “beginning,” so translators should express this idea in their title. Titles such as “The Beginning of Things” may be suitable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote Genesis?<br><br>The writers of both the Old and New Testaments presented Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Genesis. Since ancient times, both Jews and Christians have thought that Moses wrote Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What are the covenants mentioned in Genesis?<br><br>A covenant is a formal, binding agreement between two parties that one or both parties must fulfill.<br><br>God made three covenants in Genesis. In the covenant with Adam, God promised to bless Adam and cause him to prosper. Adam was not allowed to eat fruit from the tree of knowledge of good and evil. God promised that Adam would die if he disobeyed what he commanded.<br><br>In the covenant with Noah, God promised to never again destroy the world with a flood.<br><br>In the covenant with Abraham, God promised to make Abraham’s descendants into a great nation. He also promised to protect them and to give them a land of their own.<br><br>### What was God’s purpose for the book of Genesis?<br><br>The book of Genesis says that God created a very good world. However, the world became cursed because human beings began to sin. But Genesis shows that God continues to have complete control over the world.<br><br>Genesis also describes the start of God’s plan to bless the whole world again. This is shown when God makes a covenant with Abraham. With this covenant, God chose Abraham and his descendants to be his people. God promised to bless the world through Abraham’s descendants.<br><br>### What was the custom for inheritance as described by Genesis?<br><br>There are several passages in Genesis that show the customs of a father who is about to die passing on a blessing to his son. Abraham blessed his son, Isaac, and made him the ancestor of the people of Israel. However, Ishmael, Abraham’s other son, did not receive that same divine blessing. Likewise, Isaac’s older son Esau did not receive the blessing. Isaac’s younger son, Jacob, received it instead. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])<br><br>Also, it was the custom for a man to divide among his sons his material wealth and land. All his sons received equal portions except the oldest son. The firstborn son received twice as much. His portion was called a double portion. Esau gave up his right to receive the double portion.<br><br>### How does Genesis present sin and evil?<br><br>Genesis presents sin as doing things that are against God’s word and God’s ways. It presents evil as the opposite of good.<br><br>Sin and evil have affected all people. This started when Adam disobeyed God in the Garden of Eden.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What is one way in which Genesis marks the beginning of important sections?<br><br>Genesis uses one Hebrew phrase that the ULT translates as “this is the record of,” “these were the events concerning,” or “these were the descendants of.” The information in these sections may have come from sources much older than Moses. These passages are 2:4; 5:1; 6:9; 10:1; 11:10, 27; 25:12, 19; 36:1, 9; 37:2.<br><br>If the translator wants to translate in only two ways, we recommend for most passages a phrase such as, “this is the record about” or “this is information about.” Some passages will be better translated, however, as “These were the descendants of.”<br><br>### Why are the beginnings of some narrative sections in Genesis difficult to translate?<br><br>Often in Genesis, the author first summarizes what is about to happen. Then in the following verses, the author tells the details of what happened. Probable examples of this style occur in Gen. 1:1, 6:22, 18:1, 21:1 and 22:1.<br><br>However, in many languages, it is preferred to write summaries at the end of a narrative. In this case, translators may choose a different approach. For example, in Gen. 1:1 (“In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth”), translators may decide to translate like this: “This is about how God made the heavens and the earth in the beginning.”<br><br>### What is the difference between “people,” “peoples,” and “people groups”?<br><br>The word “people” refers to all the individuals who belong to a group, such as “the people of Israel.” The word “peoples” (used in the ULT) refers to multiple groups of people. Each people group might speak their own language, have their own customs, and worships their own gods. Some different peoples in the ancient Near East were those of Israel, Egypt, Edom, Moab, and Ammon.<br><br>The expression “people groups” (used in the UST) means the same thing as “peoples” in the ULT. The translator should use the most equivalent term that is common in the project language.<br><br>### What is the relationship between individuals and peoples that have similar names?<br><br>Many individuals in Genesis eventually had large numbers of descendants who were called after their ancestor’s name. For example, Cush was the name of an individual. But, “Cush” also became the name of nation that his descendants formed. They were called “Cushites.” If possible, when translating these names, the translator should make the individual’s name and the nation’s name similar. Examples of this are “Cush” and “Cushite” or “Moab” and “Moabite.” Otherwise, the translator may say, “the descendants of Cush” or “the descendants of Moab.”<br><br>### What do the phrases “to this day” or “of today” mean?<br><br>These phrases were used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” and “of today” refer to a time already passed. The translator might decide to say, “to this day, at the time when this is being written,” or, “to this day, at the time of writing.” This Hebrew phrase occurs in Gen. 19:37, 19:38, 22:14, 26:33, 32:32, 35:20, 47:26, 48:18.
3	GEN	1	intro	zb6f			0		# Genesis 01 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter presents the first account of God creating the world. There is a pattern to this account: “God said…God saw that it was good…This was evening and morning, the first day.” Translators should preserve this pattern in their versions.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The universe<br><br>This account of creation is told within the framework of ancient Hebrew ideas about the universe: the earth was resting with water around it and below it. Over the earth was something like a vast dome, called “an expanse between the waters” (1:6), on top of which was more water. Translators should try to keep these original images in their work, even though readers in their project language might have a completely different idea of what the universe is like.<br><br>### Evening and morning<br><br>Genesis 1 presents the ancient Hebrew idea of a day: it begins with sunset, lasts through the night and continues through the daylight hours until the next sunset. This pattern should be preserved in translation, even if readers in the project language define “day” differently.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “In the beginning”<br><br>Some languages and cultures speak of the world as if it has always existed, as if it had no beginning. But “very long ago” is different from “in the beginning,” and you need to be sure that your translation communicates correctly.<br><br>### “God said, ‘Let there be’”<br><br>This expression occurs often in this chapter. It can be difficult to translate, because God is not shown as talking to a particular person. If God is talking to a thing, it is something not yet in existence. Translators should find the most natural way in the project language to signal the idea that God spoke things into existence; he created the world and the things in it by simply commanding that they should exist.
4	GEN	1	1	f2mg			0	In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth	“This is about how God made the heavens and the earth in the beginning.” This statement summarizes the rest of the chapter. Some languages translate it as “A very long time ago God created the heavens and the earth.” Translate it in a way that shows this actually happened and is not just a folk story.
5	GEN	1	1	d49e			0	In the beginning	This refers to the start of the world and everything in it.
6	GEN	1	1	sk34			0	the heavens and the earth	“the sky, the ground, and everything in them”
7	GEN	1	1	mz2j			0	heavens	This refers here to the sky.
8	GEN	1	2	fn3q			0	without form and empty	God had not yet put the world in order.
9	GEN	1	2	ta3a			0	the deep	“the water” or “the deep water” or “the vast water”
10	GEN	1	2	n2d9			0	the surface of the waters	“the surface of the water” or “the water”
11	GEN	1	3	d7qw	figs-imperative		0	Let there be light	This is a command. By commanding that light should exist, God made it exist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
12	GEN	1	4	h2r1			0	God saw the light, that it was good	“God considered the light and was pleased with it.” “Good” here means “pleasing” or “suitable.”
13	GEN	1	4	m8ue			0	divided the light from the darkness	“separated the light and the darkness” or “made it light at one time and dark at another.” This refers to God creating the daytime and the night time.
14	GEN	1	5	gl7g			0	This was evening and morning, the first day	God did these things on the first day that the universe existed.
15	GEN	1	5	jc2d	figs-merism		0	evening and morning	This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
16	GEN	1	6	urb3	figs-imperative		0	Let there be an expanse…let it divide	These are commands. By commanding that the expanse should exist and that it divide the waters, God made it exist and divide the waters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
17	GEN	1	6	t6zc			0	expanse	large empty space. The Jewish people thought of this space as being shaped like the inside of dome or the inside of a bowl that is turned upside down.
18	GEN	1	6	se1i			0	between the waters	“in the water”
19	GEN	1	7	tq7f			0	God made the expanse and divided the waters	“In this way God made the expanse and divided the waters.” When God spoke, it happened. This sentence explains what God did when he spoke.
20	GEN	1	7	mt8y			0	It was so	“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning wherever it appears.
21	GEN	1	8	ss9r	figs-merism		0	evening and morning	This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
22	GEN	1	8	s25m			0	the second day	This refers to the second day that the universe existed. See how you translated “the first day” in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way.
23	GEN	1	9	zu6f	figs-activepassive		0	Let the waters…be gathered	This can be translated with an active verb. This is a command. By commanding that the waters gather together, God made them gather together. Alternate translation: “Let the waters…gather” or “Let the waters…come together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
24	GEN	1	9	iv2c	figs-imperative		0	let the dry land appear	The water had covered the land. Now the water would move aside and some of the land would be uncovered. This is a command. By commanding that dry land should appear, God made it appear. Alternate translation: “let dry land become visible” or “let the dry land become clear” or “let the land be uncovered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
25	GEN	1	9	l151			0	dry land	This refers to land that is not covered with water. It does not refer to land that is too dry for farming.
26	GEN	1	9	ha33			0	It was so	“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning wherever it appears. See how you translated it in [Genesis 1:7](../01/07.md).
27	GEN	1	10	g6hl			0	the dry land “earth,” and	“the part that was dry ‘earth,’ and”
28	GEN	1	10	ey94			0	He saw that it was good	Here “it” refers to the land and the sea. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](../01/04.md).
29	GEN	1	11	d9q7	figs-imperative		0	Let the earth sprout vegetation	This is a command. By commanding that vegetation should sprout on the earth, God made it sprout. Alternate translation: “Let vegetation sprout up on the earth” or “Let vegetation grow on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
30	GEN	1	11	q5yp			0	vegetation: plants yielding seed and fruit trees bearing fruit	“vegetation, each plant that bears seed and each tree that bears fruit” or “vegetation. Let them be plants that produce seeds and fruit trees that produce fruit.” Here “vegetation” is used here as a general term that includes all plants and trees.
31	GEN	1	11	ssc1			0	plants	These are kinds of vegetation that have soft stems, rather than woody stems.
32	GEN	1	11	v3v1			0	fruit trees bearing fruit whose seed is in the fruit	“trees that bear fruit with seeds in them”
33	GEN	1	11	j3au			0	each according to its own kind	The seeds would produce plants and trees that would be like the ones they came from. In this way, the plants and trees would “reproduce themselves” .
34	GEN	1	11	fx6h			0	It was so	“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning wherever it appears. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:7](../01/07.md).
35	GEN	1	12	d6s3			0	God saw that it was good	Here “it” refers to the vegetation, plants, and trees. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:10](../01/10.md).
36	GEN	1	13	ch8e	figs-merism		0	evening and morning	This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
37	GEN	1	13	vw3s			0	the third day	This refers to the third day that the universe existed. See how you translated “the first day” in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way.
38	GEN	1	14	sr8w	figs-imperative		0	Let there be lights in the sky	This is a command. By commanding that lights should exist, God made them exist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
39	GEN	1	14	g95y			0	lights in the sky	“things that shine in the sky” or “things that give light in the sky.” This refers to the sun, moon, and stars.
40	GEN	1	14	t7b1			0	in the sky	“in the expanse of the sky” or “in the large space of the sky”
41	GEN	1	14	uw3r			0	to divide the day from the night	“to separate the day from the night.” This means “to help us tell the difference between day and night.” The sun means it is daytime, and the moon and stars mean it is nighttime.
42	GEN	1	14	m2r4	figs-imperative		0	let them be as signs	This is a command. By commanding that they should serve as signs, God made them serve as signs. Alternate translation: “Let them serve as signs” or “let them show” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
43	GEN	1	14	e4bt			0	signs	Here this means something that reveals or points to something.
44	GEN	1	14	x7vq			0	for seasons, for days and years	The sun, moon, and stars show the passing of time. This enables us to know when it is time for events that happen each week, month, or year.
45	GEN	1	14	ln32			0	seasons	times that are set aside for festivals and other things that people do
46	GEN	1	15	q4ne	figs-imperative		0	Let them be lights in the sky to give light upon the earth	This is a command. By commanding that they should light the earth, God made them light the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
47	GEN	1	15	p48m			0	to give light upon the earth	“to shine light on the earth” or “to brighten the earth.” The earth does not self-shine but it is lit and so reflects light.
48	GEN	1	15	y2g4			0	It was so	“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:7](../01/07.md).
49	GEN	1	16	p5cz			0	God made the two great lights	“In this way God made the two great lights.” This sentence explains what God did when he spoke.
50	GEN	1	16	z4uy			0	the two great lights	“the two large lights” or “the two bright lights.” The two great lights are the sun and the moon.
51	GEN	1	16	byf5	figs-personification		0	to rule the day	The lights that controlled the day are spoken of as if they were a human ruler that controlled what people do. Alternate translation: “to direct the daytime as a ruler directs a group of people” or “to mark the times of the day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
52	GEN	1	16	ce4u			0	day	This refers only to the daylight hours.
53	GEN	1	16	a3ky			0	the lesser light	“the smaller light” or “the dimmer light”
54	GEN	1	17	n5jb			0	in the sky	“in the heavens” or “in the open space of the sky”
55	GEN	1	18	uz9k			0	to divide the light from the darkness	“to separate the light from the darkness” or “to make it light at one time and dark at another.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](../01/04.md).
56	GEN	1	18	ugh9			0	God saw that it was good	Here “it” refers to the sun, moon, and stars. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](../01/04.md).
57	GEN	1	19	ds1l	figs-merism		0	evening and morning	This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
58	GEN	1	19	ukw9			0	the fourth day	This refers to the fourth day that the universe existed. See how you translated “the first day” in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way.
59	GEN	1	20	uw3u	figs-imperative		0	Let the waters be filled with great numbers of living creatures	This is a command. By commanding that living creatures should fill the waters, God made them exist. Some languages may have one word that refers to all kinds of fish and sea animals. Alternate translation: “Let the waters be full of many living things” or “Let many animals that swim live in the oceans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
60	GEN	1	20	g6cj	figs-imperative		0	let birds fly	This is a command. By commanding that birds should fly, God made them fly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
61	GEN	1	20	p48l			0	birds	“animals that fly” or “flying things”
62	GEN	1	20	mqw4			0	the expanse of the sky	“the open space of the sky” or “the sky”
63	GEN	1	21	ks9m			0	God created	“In this way God created”
64	GEN	1	21	j9az			0	great sea creatures	“large animals that live in the sea”
65	GEN	1	21	hum1			0	after its kind	Living things of the same “kind” are like the ones they came from. See how you translated “kind” in [Genesis 1:11,12](./11.md).
66	GEN	1	21	p614			0	every winged bird	“every flying thing that has wings.” If the word for birds is used, it may be more natural in some languages to simply say “every bird,” since all birds have wings.
67	GEN	1	21	s322			0	God saw that it was good	Here “it” refers to the birds and the fish. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](../01/04.md).
68	GEN	1	22	y1bp			0	blessed them	“blessed the animals that he had made”
69	GEN	1	22	ti8f	figs-doublet		0	Be fruitful and multiply	This is God’s blessing. He told the sea animals to produce more sea animals like themselves, so that there would be many of them in the seas. The word “multiply” explains how they are to be “fruitful.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
70	GEN	1	22	e4tn			0	multiply	increase greatly in number
71	GEN	1	22	lm9s	figs-imperative		0	Let birds multiply	This is a command. By commanding that birds should multiply, God made birds multiply. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
72	GEN	1	22	sg3v			0	birds	“animals that fly” or “flying things.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:20](../01/20.md).
73	GEN	1	23	kpz8	figs-merism		0	evening and morning	This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
74	GEN	1	23	ne8k			0	the fifth day	This refers to the fifth day that the universe existed. See how you translated “the first day” in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way.
75	GEN	1	24	ke21	figs-imperative		0	Let the earth produce living creatures	“Let the earth produce living things” or “Let many living animals live on the earth.” This is a command. By commanding that the earth should produce living creatures, God made the earth produce living creatures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
76	GEN	1	24	x6eu			0	each according to its own kind	“so that each kind of animal will produce more of its own kind”
77	GEN	1	24	m1pi			0	livestock, creeping things, and beasts of the earth	This shows that God created all kinds of animals. If your language has another way of grouping all the animals, you can use that, or you can use these groups.
78	GEN	1	24	g2m4			0	livestock	animals that people look after
79	GEN	1	24	yk9w			0	creeping things	“small animals”
80	GEN	1	24	r6l3			0	beasts of the earth	“wild animals” or “dangerous animals”
81	GEN	1	24	l3v2			0	It was so	“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:7](../01/07.md).
82	GEN	1	25	m7h6			0	God made the beasts	“In this way God made the beasts”
83	GEN	1	25	s88h			0	He saw that it was good	Here “it” refers to the living creatures on the earth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](../01/04.md).
84	GEN	1	26	x8fd	figs-pronouns		0	Let us make	The word “us” here refers to God. God was saying what he intended to do. The pronoun “us” is plural. Possible reasons for the plural use are (1) the plural form suggests that God is discussing something with the angels that make up his heavenly court or (2) the plural form foreshadows the later New Testament implications that God exists in the form of the Holy Trinity. Some translate it as “Let me make” or “I will make.” If you do this, consider adding a footnote to say that the word is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
85	GEN	1	26	xk37			0	man	human beings
86	GEN	1	26	kt75	figs-doublet		0	in our image, after our likeness	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God made mankind to be like him. This verse does not tell in what ways God made people to be like himself. God does not have a body, so it does not mean that people would look like God. Alternate translation: “to truly be like us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
87	GEN	1	26	st51			0	have dominion over	“rule over” or “have authority over”
88	GEN	1	27	qip4	figs-parallelism		0	God created man…he created him	These two sentences mean the same thing and emphasize that God created people in his own image. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
89	GEN	1	27	r7sx			0	God created man	The way that God created man was different from the way he created everything else. Do not specify that he created man by simply speaking, as in the preceding verses.
90	GEN	1	28	uiq2			0	God blessed them	The word “them” refers to the man and woman God had created.
91	GEN	1	28	tfr1	figs-doublet		0	Be fruitful, and multiply	God told the man and the woman to produce more people like themselves so that there would be many of them. The word “multiply” explains how they are to be “fruitful.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:22](../01/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
92	GEN	1	28	a7nj			0	Fill the earth	Fill the earth with people.
93	GEN	1	30	j3is			0	General Information:	God continues speaking.
94	GEN	1	30	vc53			0	every bird of the heavens	“all the birds that fly in the sky”
95	GEN	1	30	etp6			0	that has the breath of life	“that breathes.” This phrase emphasizes that these animals had a different kind of life than the plants. Plants do not breathe, and were to be used as food for the animals. Here “life” means physical life.
96	GEN	1	30	di9p			0	It was so	“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. See how you translated it in [Genesis 1:7](../01/07.md).
97	GEN	1	31	re3q			0	Behold, it	“This is true and important: it”
98	GEN	1	31	r2m5			0	it was very good	Now when God looked at everything he had made, it was “very good. “See how you translated “it was good” in [Genesis 1:10](../01/10.md).
99	GEN	1	31	stn7	figs-merism		0	evening and morning	This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
100	GEN	1	31	vqp1			0	the sixth day	This refers to the sixth day that the universe existed. See how you translated “the first day” in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way.
101	GEN	2	intro	nfp7			0		# Genesis 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Gen. 2:1-3 ends the first creation account, begun in the previous chapter. The second creation account, beginning in 2:4, is very different, using a more natural, story-telling style instead of following a set formula using repeated phrases. Translators should try to imitate this difference in their versions.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The second creation account in Gen. 2:4-25<br><br>Gen. 2:4-25 presents an account of creation from a different viewpoint than the one given in Gen. 1:1-2:3. This second account should be regarded as filling out the first account, not as conflicting with it.<br><br>### Yahweh, the name of God<br><br>“Yahweh,” the personal name of God in the Old Testament, appears for the first time in this chapter. Translators must decide how to represent it in their versions. For 2,000 years, it has been traditional for many Christians to represent it with the term “the Lord.” Indeed, it is demanded by Roman Catholics for their Bible versions to continue doing this. Of course, the disadvantage of using “the Lord” is that this is a title for God, not a personal name. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]])<br><br>Translators who are not producing versions for Roman Catholics can consider transliterating the name “Yahweh,” approximating the name as best as their project languages allow.<br><br>Or translators can consider using expressions for the supreme god that might exist in their project languages, such as, “The Great One,” “The Ruler of All,” “The One who Never Sleeps,” etc. Of course, these are descriptive titles, not personal names, so they suffer from the same disadvantages that “the Lord” has.<br><br>Translators can also consider pairing a transliteration of “Yahweh” with a meaningful title for the supreme god in the project language. Whatever solution is found should be followed consistently when the name “Yahweh” occurs in the Scriptures.<br><br>### The Garden of Eden<br><br>This was not a vegetable garden or cultivated field. Instead, it was probably a large area of land with fruit trees and other plants bearing leaves, etc., that were good to eat. A river flowed out from the Garden of Eden, giving the impression that the Garden was a holy place; in the ancient Near East, temples had gardens and waterways. In Rev. 22:1-2, the throne of God in the New Jerusalem is pictured with a river flowing out from it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
102	GEN	2	1	c32g			0	the heavens	“the sky” or “the skies”
103	GEN	2	1	u4a2			0	and all the living things that filled them	“and all the many living things that are in them” or “and all the crowds of living things in them”
104	GEN	2	1	yv5z	figs-activepassive		0	were finished	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God had finished creating them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
105	GEN	2	2	hi76			0	On the seventh day God came to the end of his work	God did not work at all on the seventh day.
106	GEN	2	2	qf2n	figs-idiom		0	came to the end of	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “had finished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
107	GEN	2	2	a69h			0	he rested on the seventh day from all his work	“on that day he did not work”
108	GEN	2	3	k8jv			0	God blessed the seventh day	Possible meanings are (1) God caused the seventh day to produce good result or (2) God said that the seventh day was good.
109	GEN	2	3	k5p6			0	sanctified it	“set it apart” or “called it his own”
110	GEN	2	3	dc8y			0	in it he rested from all his work	“on it he did not work”
111	GEN	2	4	br8g			0	General Information:	The rest of Genesis 2 tells about how God created people on the sixth day.
112	GEN	2	4	f65q			0	These were the events concerning the heavens and the earth	“This is the account of the heavens and the earth” or “This is the story about the heavens and the earth.” Possible meanings are (1) it is a summary of the events described in Genesis 1:1-2:3 or (2) it introduces the events described in Genesis 2. If possible, translate this so that people can understood it either way.
113	GEN	2	4	e8kg			0	they were created	“Yahweh God created them.” In chapter 1 the writer always speaks of God as “God,” but in chapter 2 he always speaks of God as “Yahweh God.”
114	GEN	2	4	j1fv			0	on the day that Yahweh God made	“when Yahweh God created.” The word “day” refers to the whole time span of the creation, not to just one particular day.
115	GEN	2	4	rpv8			0	Yahweh	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
116	GEN	2	5	s14i			0	No bush of the field	no shrubs growing in the wild that animals might eat
117	GEN	2	5	rk64			0	no plant of the field	no leafy plants like vegetables or greens that both animals and humans can eat
118	GEN	2	5	ef6d			0	to cultivate	to do everything he needed to do so that the plants would grow well
119	GEN	2	6	xfl8			0	mist	Possible meanings are (1) something like dew or morning fog o (2) springs from underground streams.
120	GEN	2	6	v3yt			0	the whole surface of the ground	the entire earth
121	GEN	2	7	id8h			0	formed man	“molded man” or “shaped man” or “created man”
122	GEN	2	7	dk8k			0	man…man	“a human being…the human” or “a person…the person” not specifically a male
123	GEN	2	7	hjr4			0	his nostrils	“his nose”
124	GEN	2	7	ix5v			0	breath of life	“breath that makes things live.” Here “life” refers to physical life.
125	GEN	2	8	ezu8			0	a garden	This could have been an orchard of fruit trees or an area with all kinds of trees.
126	GEN	2	8	mn4d			0	eastward	in the east
127	GEN	2	9	rq2t			0	the tree of life	“the tree that gives people life”
128	GEN	2	9	ff9d			0	life	Here this means “eternal life” or life that does not end.
129	GEN	2	9	p743			0	the tree of the knowledge of good and evil	“the tree that gives people the ability to understand both good and evil” or “the tree that makes people who eat its fruit able to know good things and bad things”
130	GEN	2	9	rp99	figs-merism		0	good and evil	This is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. Alternate translation: “everything, including both good and evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
131	GEN	2	9	r1nw			0	in the midst of the garden	“in the middle of the garden.” The two trees may not have been in the exact center of the garden.
132	GEN	2	10	qg1f			0	A river went out of Eden to water the garden	The garden was in Eden. The river continued to flow outside of Eden. “A river flowed through Eden to water the garden”
133	GEN	2	11	nw6i	translate-names		0	Pishon	This is the only time this river is referred to in the Bible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
134	GEN	2	11	k6gw	translate-names		0	the whole land of Havilah	“the whole land called Havilah.” It was somewhere in the Arabian Desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
135	GEN	2	11	i82f	figs-distinguish		0	where there is gold	This phrase gives information about Havilah. Some languages would translate it as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “There is gold in Havilah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
136	GEN	2	12	x7hc			0	There are also bdellium and the onyx stone	The word “there” is placed first in the sentence for emphasis. Alternate translation: “This is also where people can find bdellium and onyx stones”
137	GEN	2	12	zst7	translate-unknown		0	bdellium	This resin comes from a tree and smells nice. A resin is sticky stuff that comes out of some trees and can burn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
138	GEN	2	12	eyf8	translate-unknown		0	the onyx stone	“onyx stones.” Onyx is a certain kind of beautiful stone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
139	GEN	2	13	tr82	translate-names		0	Gihon	This is the only mention of this river in the Bible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
140	GEN	2	13	lzz9			0	flows throughout the whole land of Cush	The river did not cover the whole land, but wound through various parts of the land.
141	GEN	2	13	hc9p			0	the whole land of Cush	“the entire land called Cush”
142	GEN	2	14	trw5	figs-distinguish		0	which flows east of Ashur	“which flows in the land east of the city of Ashur.” The Tigris River flows from north to south. The phrase “which flows east of Ashur” gives information about where the Tigris River is. Some languages would translate it as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “It flows east of Ashur” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
143	GEN	2	15	js9w			0	the garden of Eden	“the garden that was in Eden”
144	GEN	2	15	e3ky			0	to work it	“to cultivate it.” This means to do everything necessary so that the plants will grow well.
145	GEN	2	15	r7v3			0	to maintain it	to guard against anything bad happening in it
146	GEN	2	16	c3wj			0	From every tree in the garden	“The fruit of every tree in the garden”
147	GEN	2	16	b9cu	figs-you		0	you	This pronoun is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
148	GEN	2	16	e4ij			0	may freely eat	“may eat without restriction”
149	GEN	2	17	ydc7			0	But from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you may not eat	These words complete the command that begins with the words “From every tree in the garden you may freely eat” in verse 15. In some languages, it may be more natural to say what is not permitted and to then say what is permitted, as in the UST.
150	GEN	2	17	l1vi			0	the tree of the knowledge of good and evil	“the tree that gives people the ability to understand both good and evil” or “the tree that makes people who eat its fruit able to know good things and bad things.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:9](../02/09.md).
151	GEN	2	17	up23			0	you may not eat	“I will not permit you to eat” or “you must not eat”
152	GEN	2	18	jeg8			0	I will make him a helper suitable for him	“I will make a helper who is just right for him”
153	GEN	2	19	sb6j			0	every animal of the field and every bird of the sky	The phrases “of the field” and “of the sky” tell where the animals and birds are usually found. Alternate translation: “all kinds of animals and birds”
154	GEN	2	20	f5az			0	all the livestock	“all the animals that people look after”
155	GEN	2	20	l5uf	figs-activepassive		0	there was found no helper suitable for him	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “there was no companion that was right for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
156	GEN	2	21	vnf4			0	caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man	“caused the man to sleep intensely.” A deep sleep is a time of sleeping in which a person is not easily disturbed or wakened.
157	GEN	2	21	m6wd			0	flesh	This refers to the soft parts of the body like skin and muscle.
158	GEN	2	22	i9u8			0	With the rib…he made a woman	“From the rib…he formed a woman.” The rib was the material God made the woman from.
159	GEN	2	23	i7j8			0	This time, this one is bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh	“Finally, this one’s bones are like my bones, and her flesh is like my flesh.” After looking among all the animals for a partner and not finding one, he finally saw someone who was like him and could be his partner. The man was probably expressing his feeling of relief and joy.
160	GEN	2	23	s44p			0	She will be called ‘woman,’ because she was taken out of man	The translator may want to write a footnote saying “The Hebrew word for ‘woman’ sounds like the Hebrew word for ‘man.’
161	GEN	2	24	yx3u			0	General Information:	What follows is written by the author. The man did not say these things.
162	GEN	2	24	v11k			0	Therefore a man	“That is why a man”
163	GEN	2	24	ydt1			0	a man will leave his father and his mother	“a man will stop living in his father and mother’s home.” This is about men in general. It does not refer to any particular man at any particular time.
164	GEN	2	24	tr8p	figs-idiom		0	they will become one flesh	This idiom speaks of sexual activity as though the bodies that are together become one body. Alternate translation: “their two bodies will become one body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
165	GEN	2	25	h8mq			0	They were both naked	The word “they” refers to the man and the woman that God had created.
166	GEN	2	25	t8n2			0	naked	“not wearing clothing”
167	GEN	2	25	ir9e			0	but were not ashamed	“they were not ashamed about being naked”
168	GEN	3	intro	j7i3			0		# Genesis 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues the second creation account that began in Gen. 2:4. But a new section of this account begins in 3:1. The ULT reads, “Now the serpent was more shrewd than any other beast of the field which Yahweh God had made,” because this is how the Scriptures introduce the serpent into the account. However, many languages prefer different ways to introduce new characters or things into stories, for example, “One of the wild animals made by God was the serpent” or “This is about the serpent, one of the wild animals that God had made.”<br><br>Scholars typically refer to the events of this chapter as “the fall” or “the fall of man” because sin is introduced into creation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Curses<br><br>In this chapter, God curses the man, the woman, and the serpent for their sins. In general, cursing is calling down God’s punishment on someone or something. In this chapter, however, it is God himself who is doing the cursing. Of course, he does not call down punishment on the man, the woman, and the serpent from someone else. Instead, he is promising that he himself will punish them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>### Serpent<br>Most scholars believe that the serpent is Satan, even though his name is not used in this chapter. There are other places in Scripture where the serpent is used as an image for Satan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
169	GEN	3	1	m3hl			0	Now	The writer is beginning a new part of the story.
170	GEN	3	1	v5dp			0	more shrewd	“more cunning” or “smarter at getting what he wanted by telling lies”
171	GEN	3	1	bp3b	figs-rquestion		0	Has God really said, ‘You…garden’?	The snake is pretending to be surprised that God has made this rule. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am surprised that God said, ‘You…garden.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
172	GEN	3	1	t1qz	figs-you		0	You must not eat	The word “you” is plural and refers to the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
173	GEN	3	2	k94l			0	We may eat	“We are allowed to eat” or “We have permission to eat”
174	GEN	3	3	ujz2			0	but concerning the fruit…garden, God said, ‘You may not eat it, nor may you touch it, or you will die	These words are the end of Eve’s description of God’s command to them that begins with the words “We may eat” in verse 2. Eve told the serpent what God had permitted them to do first and then what God had told them not to do. Some languages would say what they were told not to do first and then say what they were allowed to do, as in the UST.
175	GEN	3	3	b76r	figs-you		0	You may not…nor may you…you will die	The word “you” is plural and refers to the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
176	GEN	3	3	n3h9			0	You may not eat it	“You must not eat it” or “Do not eat it”
177	GEN	3	3	dhv7			0	nor may you touch it	“and you must not touch it” or “and do not touch it”
178	GEN	3	4	fw9n	figs-you		0	You will…not die	These words refer to the man and the woman and so are dual or plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
179	GEN	3	5	rvj9	figs-you		0	you…your…you	These words refer to the man and the woman and so are dual or plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
180	GEN	3	5	k8qs	figs-idiom		0	your eyes will be opened	“your eyes will open.” This idiom means “you will become aware of things” or “you will understand new things.” This meaning can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “It will be as though your eyes were opened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
181	GEN	3	5	kv6j	figs-merism		0	knowing good and evil	Here “good and evil” is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. See how you translated “knowledge of good and evil” in [Genesis 2:9](../02/09.md). Alternate translation: “knowing everything, including both good and evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
182	GEN	3	6	n2vt			0	it was a delight to the eyes	“the tree was delightful to look at” or “it was nice to look at” or “it was very beautiful”
183	GEN	3	6	sw6q			0	that the tree was desirable to make one wise	“she wanted the tree’s fruit because it could make a person wise” or “she wanted its fruit because it could make her understand what was right and wrong just as God does”
184	GEN	3	7	yn1e			0	The eyes of both of them were opened	“Then their eyes opened” or “They became aware” or “They understood.” See how you translated “your eyes will be opened” in [Genesis 3:5](../03/05.md).
185	GEN	3	7	jp6y			0	sewed	put together, probably using vines as thread
186	GEN	3	7	y6l1			0	fig leaves	If people do not know what fig leaves are like, this can be translated as “large leaves from a fig tree” or simply “large leaves.”
187	GEN	3	7	l856	figs-explicit		0	made coverings for themselves	They did this because they were ashamed. This implicit information can be made explicit if needed as in the UST. Alternate translation: “clothed themselves with them because they were ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
188	GEN	3	8	llf2			0	in the cool of the day	“at the time of day when a cool breeze blows”
189	GEN	3	8	gi6e			0	from the presence of Yahweh God	“from Yahweh God’s sight” or “so that Yahweh God would not see them” or “from Yahweh God”
190	GEN	3	9	c8sg			0	Where are you?	“Why are you trying to hide from me?” God knew where the man was. When the man answered, he did not say where he was but why he was hiding.
191	GEN	3	9	ijl7	figs-you		0	you	In verses 9 and 11, God was speaking to the man. Languages that have a singular form of “you” would use that here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
192	GEN	3	10	b8tp			0	I heard you	“I heard the sound you were making”
193	GEN	3	11	ujb1	figs-rquestion		0	Who told you	God knew the answer to this question. He asked it in order to force Adam to confess that he had disobeyed God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
194	GEN	3	11	hny5	figs-rquestion		0	Have you eaten…from?	Again, God knew this had happened. Translate this question in a form that shows God was accusing Adam of disobedience. The sentence can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You must have eaten…from.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
195	GEN	3	13	fw79	figs-rquestion		0	What is this you have done?	God already knew what the woman had done. When he asked this question, he was giving her the opportunity to tell him about it, and he was expressing his disappointment with what she had done. Many languages use rhetorical questions for scolding or rebuking. If possible, use a form that expresses this disappointment. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have done a terrible thing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
196	GEN	3	14	w3bn			0	cursed are you alone	“you alone are cursed.” The word “curse” is first in Hebrew in order to emphasize the contrast between God’s blessing on the animals and this curse on the serpent. This is a “curse formula,” or the way that curses were expressed. By saying this curse, God made it happen.
197	GEN	3	14	x1b4			0	all the livestock and all the beasts of the field	“all domestic animals and all wild animals”
198	GEN	3	14	yxn7			0	It is on your stomach that you will go	“You will move along the ground on your stomach.” The words “it is upon your stomach” comes first to emphasize the contrast between the way other animals would move along using their legs and the way the serpent would slither along on its stomach. This is also part of the curse formula.
199	GEN	3	14	p527			0	it is dust that you will eat	“you will eat dust.” The words “it is dust” comes first to emphasize the contrast between the plants above the ground that other animals would eat and the dirty food on the ground that the serpent would eat. This is part of the curse formula.
200	GEN	3	15	gi4d			0	hostility between you and the woman	This means that the serpent and the woman would become enemies.
201	GEN	3	15	p95z			0	seed	The word “seed” refers to what a man puts into a woman to cause a baby to grow inside the woman. Like the word “offspring,” it can refer to more than one person. Try to find a word that is singular but can refer to more than one person.
202	GEN	3	15	iyz4	figs-pronouns		0	He will bruise…his heel	The words “he” and “his” refer to the woman’s descendant. If “seed” was translated as plural, this can be translated as “they will bruise…their heel”; in this case, consider inserting footnotes to say that the “they” and “their” are used to translate a singular pronoun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
203	GEN	3	15	k4z3			0	bruise	“crush” or “strike” or “attack”
204	GEN	3	16	hk7l			0	I will greatly multiply your pain	“I will make your pain increase much” or “I will make your pain to be very severe”
205	GEN	3	16	a74c			0	in having children	“in giving birth to children” or “when you give birth to children”
206	GEN	3	16	rt5m			0	Your desire will be for your husband	“You will have a strong desire for your husband.” Possible meanings are (1) “You will want very much to be with your husband” or (2) “You will want to control your husband”
207	GEN	3	16	mk2u			0	he will rule over you	“he will be your master” or “he will control you”
208	GEN	3	17	vtq5			0	Adam	The name Adam is the same as the Hebrew word for “man.” Some translations say “Adam” and some say “the man.” You may use either form as it refers to the same person.
209	GEN	3	17	f2pb	figs-idiom		0	you have listened to the voice of your wife	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have obeyed what your wife said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
210	GEN	3	17	jl8p	figs-explicit		0	have eaten from the tree	You can say what it was that they ate. Alternate translation: “have eaten the fruit of the tree” or “have eaten some of the fruit of the tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
211	GEN	3	17	fhp5			0	You may not eat from it	“You must not eat from it” or “Do not eat its fruit”
212	GEN	3	17	rlw9	figs-activepassive		0	cursed is the ground	The word “curse” comes first in the sentence to emphasize that the ground, which had been “good” ([Genesis 1:10](../01/10.md)), was now under God’s curse. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am cursing the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
213	GEN	3	17	zjr5			0	through painful work	“by doing hard work”
214	GEN	3	17	dg63	figs-metonymy		0	you will eat from it	The word “it” refers to the ground and is a metonym for the parts of the plants, which grow in the ground, that people eat. Alternate translation: “you will eat what grows from it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
215	GEN	3	18	zc9v			0	the plants of the field	Possible meanings are (1) “the plants that you take care of in your fields” or (2) “the wild plants that grow in the open fields.”
216	GEN	3	19	kc7j			0	By the sweat of your face	“By doing hard work that makes your face sweat”
217	GEN	3	19	pl6i	figs-synecdoche		0	you will eat bread	Here the word “bread” is a synecdoche for food in general. Alternate translation: “you will eat food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
218	GEN	3	19	z9pa			0	until you return to the ground	“until you die and your body is put in the ground.” In some cultures, they put the bodies of people who have died in a hole in the ground. Man’s hard work does not end until the time of his death and burial.
219	GEN	3	19	hc39			0	For dust you are, and to dust you will return	“I made you from soil, so your body will become soil again.” Translate both occurrences of “dust” with the same word in order to show that man begins and ends in the same condition.
220	GEN	3	20	lzl1			0	The man	Some translations say “Adam.”
221	GEN	3	20	qic8			0	called his wife’s name Eve	“gave his wife the name Eve” or “named his wife Eve”
222	GEN	3	20	pn1z			0	Eve	Translators may write a footnote saying “The name Eve sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘living.’”
223	GEN	3	20	wq8p	figs-nominaladj		0	all the living	The word “living” refers to people. Alternate translation: “all people” or “all living people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
224	GEN	3	21	an9a			0	garments of skins	“clothing made out of animal skins”
225	GEN	3	22	ve6w			0	the man	Possible meanings are (1) God was referring to one human, the man, or (2) God was referring to humans in general, so this would mean the man and his wife. Even if God was speaking about one person, what he said applied to both of them.
226	GEN	3	22	gnj9			0	like one of us	“like us.” The pronoun “us” is plural. See how you translated “Let us make” in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md).
227	GEN	3	22	x7q6	figs-merism		0	knowing good and evil	Here “good and evil” is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. See how you translated “knowledge of good and evil” in [Genesis 2:9](../02/09.md). Alternate translation: “knowing everything, including both good and evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
228	GEN	3	22	vz41	figs-activepassive		0	he must not be allowed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not allow him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
229	GEN	3	22	qxt1			0	tree of life	“the tree that gives people life.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:9](../02/09.md).
230	GEN	3	23	t7zb			0	the ground from which he had been taken	“dirt because he had been taken from dirt.” This does not refer to the particular place on the land that the God took man from.
231	GEN	3	23	dri1			0	to cultivate	This means to what is needed so that plants grow well. See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:5](../02/05.md).
232	GEN	3	24	lwk4			0	So God drove the man out of the garden	“God forced the man to leave the garden.” This refers to the event in [Genesis 3:23](../03/23.md), where it says “Yahweh God sent him out of the garden of Eden.” God did not send the man out a second time.
233	GEN	3	24	jgc5			0	in order to guard the way to the tree of life	“in order to stop people from going to the tree of life”
234	GEN	3	24	uuj7			0	flaming sword	Possible meanings are (1) a sword that had flames coming from it or (2) a fire that was shaped like a sword. Languages that do not have swords could use another weapon such as a spear or arrow.
235	GEN	4	intro	a2f7			0		# Genesis 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Most of the text in this chapter is prose, but 4:23-24 is poetry. If the translator should put these two verses into poetic form, or at least into elegant speech, different from the rest of the chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Vengeance<br><br>The theme of vengeance is important in this chapter. Ancient Hebrew society allowed for people to seek revenge if a relative was murdered. After Cain murdered his brother Abel, he thought that he would be helpless against this danger because he had been driven away from God’s protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])<br><br>The theme of vengeance continues with the words of Lamech, who had killed someone for injuring him:<br>“I have killed a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me. If Cain is avenged seven times as much, truly Lamech will be avenged seventy-seven times as much” (Gen. 4:23b-24).
236	GEN	4	1	eg45	figs-euphemism		0	The man knew Eve	This is a polite way of saying that the man had sexual relations with Eve. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
237	GEN	4	1	vph2			0	The man	“the human being” or “Adam”
238	GEN	4	1	l6v2			0	I have produced a man	The word for “man” typically describes an adult male, rather than a baby or child. If that would cause confusion, it could be translated as “manchild” or “boy” or “baby boy” or “son.”
239	GEN	4	1	g2tx	figs-explicit		0	Cain	Translators may want to include a footnote that says “The name Cain sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘produce.’ Eve named him Cain because she produced him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
240	GEN	4	2	hv71			0	Then she gave birth	We do not know how much time passed between the births of Cain and Abel. They may have been twins, or Abel may have been born after Eve became pregnant again. If possible, use an expression that does not tell how much time passed.
241	GEN	4	2	bpy1			0	cultivated	This means he did everything he needed to do so that the plants would grow well. See how “cultivate” is translated in [Genesis 2:5](../02/05.md).
242	GEN	4	3	x19b			0	It came about that	This phrase is used to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using that method here.
243	GEN	4	3	pvj2			0	in the course of time	Possible meanings are (1) “after some time had passed” or (2) “at the right time”
244	GEN	4	3	ph1l	figs-explicit		0	fruit of the ground	This refers to the food that came from plants he had tended. Alternate translation: “crops” or “harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
245	GEN	4	4	zq2f	figs-explicit		0	some of the fat	This refers to the fatty parts of the lambs that he had killed, it was the best part of the animal. Alternate translation: “some of their fat parts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
246	GEN	4	4	mi4f			0	accepted	“looked favorably upon” or “was pleased with”
247	GEN	4	5	rcs4			0	did not accept	“did not look favorably upon” or “was not pleased with”
248	GEN	4	5	dyg6			0	was very angry	Some languages have an idiom for anger such as “He burned” or “His anger burned.”
249	GEN	4	5	bwt7	figs-idiom		0	he scowled	This means that the expression on his face showed that he was angry or jealous. Some languages have an idiom that describes what a person’s face looks like when he is angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
250	GEN	4	6	pu1k	figs-rquestion		0	Why are you angry and why are you scowling?	God used these rhetorical questions to tell Cain that he was wrong to be angry and scowl. They may also have been intended to give Cain an opportunity to confess that he was wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
251	GEN	4	7	ln9v	figs-rquestion		0	If you…will you not be accepted?	God used this rhetorical question to remind Cain of something Cain should have already known. Alternate translation: “You know that if you do what is right, I will accept you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
252	GEN	4	7	j7ks	figs-personification		0	But if you do not…you must rule over it	God speaks of sin as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “But if you do not do what is right, you will desire to sin even more, and then you will do sinful things. You must refuse to obey it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
253	GEN	4	7	eqb2	figs-metaphor		0	sin crouches…to control you	Here sin is spoken of as a dangerous wild animal that is waiting for the chance to attack Cain. Alternate translation: “you will become so angry that you will not be able to stop sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
254	GEN	4	7	x8lx			0	sin	Languages that do not have a noun that means “sin” could translate this as “your desire to sin” or “the bad things you want to do.”
255	GEN	4	7	s7tk	figs-personification		0	you must rule over it	Yahweh speaks of Cain’s desire to sin as if it were a person over whom Cain should rule. Alternate translation: “you must control it so you do not sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
256	GEN	4	8	n4x9	translate-textvariants		0	Cain spoke to Abel his brother.	Some early translations tell explicitly what Cain said to his brother. You may want to do the same if it is present in your national version. Alternate translation: “Cain said to Abel his brother, ‘Let us go into the fields.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
257	GEN	4	8	h58l	figs-explicit		0	brother	Abel was Cain’s younger brother. Some languages may need to use the word for “younger brother.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
258	GEN	4	8	znp9	figs-idiom		0	rose up against	Standing up to fight against a person is an idiom for attacking him. Alternate translation: “attacked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
259	GEN	4	9	rc6x	figs-rquestion		0	Where is Abel your brother	God knew that Cain had killed Abel, but he asked Cain this question so that Cain would have to answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
260	GEN	4	9	r4il	figs-rquestion		0	Am I my brother’s keeper?	Cain used this rhetorical question so that he would not have to tell the truth. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not my brother’s keeper!” or “You know that taking care of my brother is not my job!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
261	GEN	4	10	fs9s	figs-rquestion		0	What have you done?	God uses a rhetorical question to rebuke Cain. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have done is terrible!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
262	GEN	4	10	epa5	figs-metonymy		0	Your brother’s blood is calling out to me	Abel’s blood is a metonym for his death, as if it were a person calling out for God to punish Cain. Alternate translation: “Your brother’s blood is like a person calling out to me to punish the person who killed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
263	GEN	4	11	xi71	figs-activepassive		0	Now cursed are you from the ground	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am cursing you so that you will not be able to grow food from the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
264	GEN	4	11	p2h4	figs-personification		0	which has opened its mouth to receive your brother’s blood	God speaks of the earth as if it were a person who could drink Abel’s blood. Alternate translation: “which is soaked with your brother’s blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
265	GEN	4	11	n89j	figs-synecdoche		0	from your hand	Here Cain is represented by his “hand,” to emphasize that he personally had killed his brother. Alternate translation: “that spilled when you killed him” or “from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
266	GEN	4	12	s7z7			0	cultivate	This means to do everything necessary to do so that the plants would grow well. See how “cultivate” is translated in [Genesis 2:5](../02/05.md).
267	GEN	4	12	t858	figs-personification		0	it will not yield to you its strength	The ground is personified as if it were a person who loses strength. Alternate translation: “the ground will not produce much food for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
268	GEN	4	12	vn98	figs-hendiadys		0	A fugitive and a wanderer	You can join these words together. Alternate translation: “A homeless wanderer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
269	GEN	4	14	e7mj	figs-idiom		0	I will be hidden from your face	The term “your face” represents God’s presence. Alternate translation: “I will not be able to speak to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
270	GEN	4	14	qwi8			0	a fugitive and a wanderer	See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:12](../04/12.md)
271	GEN	4	15	zay8	figs-activepassive		0	vengeance will be taken on him sevenfold	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will take vengeance on him seven times” or “I will punish that person seven times as severely as I am punishing you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
272	GEN	4	15	y97q			0	would not attack him	“would not kill Cain”
273	GEN	4	16	f6yy	figs-idiom		0	went out from the presence of Yahweh	Even though Yahweh is everywhere, this idiom speaks of Cain as though he went far away. Alternate translation: “went away from where Yahweh spoke to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
274	GEN	4	16	rx4d			0	Nod	Translators may add a footnote saying “The word Nod means ‘wandering.’”
275	GEN	4	17	s2i7	figs-euphemism		0	Cain knew his wife	This is a polite way of saying that Cain had sexual relations with his wife. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:1](../04/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
276	GEN	4	17	bf1z			0	He built a city	“Cain built a city”
277	GEN	4	18	n5ni	figs-explicit		0	To Enoch was born Irad	It is implied that Enoch grew up and married a woman. Alternate translation: “Enoch grew up and married and became the father of a son whom he named Irad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
278	GEN	4	18	l1gq	translate-names		0	Irad	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
279	GEN	4	19	bm1j	translate-names		0	Adah…Zillah	women’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
280	GEN	4	20	urt3			0	Adah	See how you translated this woman’s name in [Genesis 4:19](../04/19.md).
281	GEN	4	20	ll8c			0	He was the father of those who lived in tents	Possible meanings are (1) “He was the first person to live in a tent” or (2) “He and his descendants lived in tents.”
282	GEN	4	20	fpv4			0	who lived in tents who have livestock	people who both live in tents and also take care of animals
283	GEN	4	21	fv9d			0	He was the father of those who play the harp and pipe	Possible meanings are (1) “He was the first person to play the harp and pipe” or (2) “He and his descendants played the harp and pipe.”
284	GEN	4	22	m5qg			0	Zillah	See how you translated this woman’s name in [Genesis 4:19](../04/19.md).
285	GEN	4	22	n1k8	translate-names		0	Tubal-Cain	the name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
286	GEN	4	22	c64b			0	the forger of tools of bronze and iron	“who made tools out of bronze and iron”
287	GEN	4	22	k7q7			0	iron	a very strong metal used to make tools and weapons.
288	GEN	4	23	p6mu			0	Adah…Zillah	See how you translated these women’s names in [Genesis 4:19](../04/19.md).
289	GEN	4	23	f7di	figs-parallelism		0	listen to my voice…listen to what I say	Lamech said the same thing twice for emphasis. His voice is a synecdoche for his whole person. Alternate translation: “listen carefully to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
290	GEN	4	23	pa9h	figs-parallelism		0	a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me	Lamech killed only one person. These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the certainty of his action. Alternate translation: “a young man because he hurt me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
291	GEN	4	24	reh3	figs-activepassive		0	If Cain is avenged seven times, then Lamech	Lamech knows that God will avenge Cain seven times. Alternate translation: “Since God will punish anyone who kills Cain seven times, Lamech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
292	GEN	4	24	w88s	figs-activepassive		0	then Lamech will be avenged seventy-seven times	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whoever kills me, God will punish seventy-seven times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
293	GEN	4	24	mz2s	translate-numbers		0	seventy-seven	77 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
294	GEN	4	25	g5y9	figs-euphemism		0	Adam knew his wife	This is a polite way of saying that Adam had sexual relations with his wife. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:1](../04/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
295	GEN	4	25	y7i8	figs-explicit		0	said, “God has given me another son	This is the reason that she named him Seth. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “explained, ‘God has given me another child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
296	GEN	4	25	t9w6	translate-names		0	Seth	Translators may add a footnote that says “This name sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘has given.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
297	GEN	4	26	aua4	figs-explicit		0	A son was born to Seth	This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Seth’s wife bore him a son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
298	GEN	4	26	i4rs	figs-explicit		0	to call on the name of Yahweh	This is the first time people called God by the name Yahweh. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “to worship God by using the name Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
299	GEN	5	intro	v62r			0		# Genesis 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter provides the first of many lists of descendants in the Bible. This is not a simple list, because the author makes comments about each person. Translators should format this text in the way that is clearest in the project language. Many may choose to introduce each new person in a separate paragraph, as the ULT and UST do.
300	GEN	5	1	wj9n			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the list of Adam’s descendants.
301	GEN	5	1	qwp1	figs-pronouns		0	in his own likeness	This phrase means that God made mankind to be like him. This verse does not tell in what ways God made people to be like himself. God does not have a body, so it does not mean that people would look like God. See how “after our likeness” is translated in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md). Alternate translation: “to truly be like us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
302	GEN	5	2	j6nz	figs-activepassive		0	when they were created	This can be made active. Alternate translation: “when he created them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
303	GEN	5	3	zcj2	translate-numbers		0	130	Translators may write the words “one hundred thirty.” (The ULT and the UST use numerals if the number has three or more words; they use words if a number has only one or two words.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
304	GEN	5	3	a62w			0	he became the father of a son	“he had a son”
305	GEN	5	3	al1g			0	in his own likeness, after his image	These two phrases mean the same thing. They are used as a reminder that God made man in his own image. See how you translated similar phrases in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md).
306	GEN	5	3	t33a			0	Seth	See how you translated this name in [Genesis 4:25](../04/25.md).
307	GEN	5	4	k8qg	translate-numbers		0	eight hundred	Translators may write the numerals “800.” (The ULT and the UST use numerals if the number has three or more words; they use words if a number has only one or two words.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
308	GEN	5	4	y8af			0	He became the father of more sons and daughters	“He had more sons and daughters”
309	GEN	5	5	j99s			0	then he died	This phrase will be repeated throughout the chapter. Use the ordinary word for “died.”
310	GEN	5	5	tw8v	translate-numbers		0	Adam lived 930 years	“Adam lived nine hundred and thirty years.” People used to live a very long time. Use your ordinary word for “years.” Alternate translation: “Adam lived a total of 930 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
311	GEN	5	6	r7dg	translate-numbers		0	105 years	“one hundred and five years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
312	GEN	5	6	lqy1			0	he became the father of Enosh	Here “father” means his actual father, not his grandfather. Alternate translation: “he had his son Enosh”
313	GEN	5	6	ek6r	translate-names		0	Enosh	This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
314	GEN	5	7	t48l	translate-numbers		0	807 years	“eight hundred and seven years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
315	GEN	5	7	g73m			0	and became the father of more sons and daughters	“and had more sons and daughters”
316	GEN	5	8	sh2z	translate-numbers		0	Seth lived 912 years	“Seth lived nine hundred and twelve years.” Seth lived a total of 912 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
317	GEN	5	8	wqz6			0	then he died	This phrase is repeated throughout the chapter. Use the ordinary word for “died.”
318	GEN	5	9	qbk4	translate-names		0	General Information:	The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
319	GEN	5	9	es59	translate-numbers		0	ninety years	“90 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
320	GEN	5	10	q4y5	translate-numbers		0	815 years	“eight hundred and fifteen years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
321	GEN	5	11	kjj5	translate-numbers		0	905 years	“nine hundred and give years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
322	GEN	5	12	s2nr	translate-names		0	General Information:	The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
323	GEN	5	12	xpk5	translate-numbers		0	seventy years	“70 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
324	GEN	5	13	n3df	translate-numbers		0	840 years	“eight hundred and forty years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
325	GEN	5	14	k461	translate-numbers		0	910 years	“nine hundred and ten years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
326	GEN	5	15	bi8l	translate-names		0	General Information:	The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
327	GEN	5	18	hfg3	translate-names		0	General Information:	The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
328	GEN	5	21	i3dx			0	he became the father of Methuselah	“he had his son Methuselah”
329	GEN	5	21	se6e	translate-names		0	Methuselah	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
330	GEN	5	22	w9tp	figs-metaphor		0	Enoch walked with God	To walk with someone is a metaphor for being in a close relationship with him. Alternate translation: “Enoch had a close relationship with God” or “Enoch lived in union with God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
331	GEN	5	22	bmi4			0	He became the father of more sons and daughters	“He had more sons and daughters”
332	GEN	5	23	rs6f	translate-numbers		0	Enoch lived 365 years	“Enoch lived three hundred and sixty-five years.” Enoch lived a total of 365 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
333	GEN	5	24	nyq3			0	then he was gone	The word “he” refers to Enoch. He was no longer on earth.
334	GEN	5	24	lhk8			0	for God took him	This means that God took Enoch to be with himself (God).
335	GEN	5	25	y9rj	translate-names		0	General Information:	The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
336	GEN	5	25	nk49			0	Lamech	This Lamech is different from the Lamech in [Genesis 4:18](../04/18.md).
337	GEN	5	28	ljh7	translate-numbers		0	182 years	“one hundred and eighty-two years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
338	GEN	5	28	u994			0	became the father of a son	“had a son”
339	GEN	5	29	fk97	translate-names		0	Noah	Translators may want to add a footnote that says: “This name sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘rest.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
340	GEN	5	29	lr8d	figs-doublet		0	from our work and from the painful labor of our hands	Lamech says the same thing twice to emphasize how hard the work was. Alternate translation: “from working so hard with our hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
341	GEN	5	30	ah2j	translate-numbers		0	595 years	“five hundred and ninety-five years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
342	GEN	5	31	kv28	translate-numbers		0	Lamech lived 777 years	“Lamech lived seven hundred seventy-seven years.” Lamech lived a total of 777 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
343	GEN	5	32	z148			0	he became the father of	“he had his sons.” This does not tell us whether the sons were born on the same day or in different years.
344	GEN	5	32	n65e			0	Shem, Ham, and Japheth	These sons may not be listed in the order of their birth. There is disagreement about which one was the oldest. Avoid translating this in a way that implies that the list is in the order of their ages.
345	GEN	6	intro	ak78			0		# Genesis 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Beginning in 6:22, the author gives statements summarizing events he tells about again in the text that follows. In the next chapter, the author sometimes gives summary statements that introduce events for the first time. If these statements, and the surrounding events, are not carefully translated, readers can believe that the same events happened twice or three times instead of only one time. Translators should be careful not to give this impression.
346	GEN	6	1	x6gk			0	It came about	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
347	GEN	6	1	dj4v	figs-activepassive		0	daughters were born to them	This can be active. Alternate translation: “the women bore daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
348	GEN	6	2	l1va			0	sons of God	Translators could add a footnote saying: “It is not clear whether this refers to heavenly beings or human beings. In either case, they were beings that God created.” Some believe these words refer to angels who rebelled against God, that is, evil spirits or demons. Others think this may refer to powerful political rulers, and others think this may refer to the descendants of Seth.
349	GEN	6	3	lz4s			0	My spirit	Here Yahweh is talking about himself and his spirit, which is the Spirit of God.
350	GEN	6	3	et8s			0	flesh	This means that they have physical bodies that will one day die.
351	GEN	6	3	pvv2	translate-numbers		0	They will live 120 years	“They will live one hundred and twenty years.” Possible meanings are (1) the normal lifespan of people would decrease to 120 years. Alternate translation: “They will not live more than 120 years” or (2) in 120 years everyone would die. Alternate translation: “They will live only 120 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
352	GEN	6	4	e44a			0	Giants	very tall, large people
353	GEN	6	4	ih17			0	This happened when	“The giants were born because”
354	GEN	6	4	et78			0	sons of God	See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:2](../06/02.md).
355	GEN	6	4	slb2			0	These were the mighty men of old	“These giants were the mighty men who lived long ago” or “These children grew to become the powerful fighters who lived long ago”
356	GEN	6	4	sk1e			0	mighty men	men who are courageous and victorious in battle
357	GEN	6	4	u34f			0	men of renown	“famous men”
358	GEN	6	5	q6rz			0	every inclination of the thoughts of their hearts	“everything their hearts wanted to think about”
359	GEN	6	5	id88	figs-metonymy		0	the thoughts of their hearts	The writer speaks of the heart as if it were the part of the body that thinks. Your language may use a word other than “heart” to talk about the part of people that thinks. Alternate translation: “their inner, secret thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
360	GEN	6	6	mr7b	figs-metonymy		0	it grieved him to his heart	The writer speaks of the heart as if it were the part of the body that feels sadness. Your language may use a word other than “heart” to talk about the emotions. Alternate translation: “he was very, very sad about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
361	GEN	6	7	tk23	figs-metaphor		0	I will wipe away mankind…from the surface of the earth	The writer speaks of God killing people as if God were wiping dirt off a flat surface. Alternate translation: “I will destroy mankind…so that there will not be any people on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
362	GEN	6	7	if98	figs-distinguish		0	I will wipe away mankind whom I have created	Some languages would need to translate this as two sentences. Alternate translation: “I created mankind. I will wipe them away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
363	GEN	6	7	ss97			0	wipe away	“completely destroy.” Here “wipe away” is used in a negative sense, for God is talking about destroying the people because of their sin.
364	GEN	6	8	sc4m	figs-idiom		0	Noah found favor in the eyes of Yahweh	The phrase “found favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “Yahweh looked favorably on Noah” or “Yahweh was pleased with Noah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
365	GEN	6	9	y7rc			0	General Information:	This begins the story of Noah, which continues into chapter 9.
366	GEN	6	9	nwq5			0	These were the events concerning Noah	“This is the account of Noah”
367	GEN	6	9	eh9u			0	walked with God	See how you translated this in [Genesis 5:21](../05/21.md).
368	GEN	6	10	sf7p			0	Noah became the father of three sons	“Noah had three sons” or “Noah’s wife had three sons”
369	GEN	6	10	kk5r			0	Shem, Ham, and Japheth	Translators may add the following footnote: “The sons are not listed in the order in which they were born.”
370	GEN	6	11	ym2f	figs-metonymy		0	The earth	Possible meanings are (1) the people who lived on the earth or (2) “The earth itself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
371	GEN	6	11	cmt9	figs-metaphor		0	was corrupt	The people doing what is evil is spoken of as if they were food that has become rotten. Alternate translation: “was rotten” or “was completely evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
372	GEN	6	11	uj42			0	before God	Possible meanings are (1) “in God’s sight” or (2) “in the presence of Yahweh” as in [Genesis 4:16](../04/16.md).
373	GEN	6	11	taq9	figs-metaphor		0	and it was filled with violence	The writer speaks of violence as if it were something that could be put into a container and of the earth as a container. Alternate translation: “and there were very many violent people on the earth” or “because it was full of people who did evil things to each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
374	GEN	6	12	j3ek			0	behold	The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
375	GEN	6	12	ut53	figs-synecdoche		0	all flesh	Possible meanings for what “all flesh” represents are (1) all human beings or (2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
376	GEN	6	12	ds5x	figs-metaphor		0	had corrupted their way	How a person behaves is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Alternate translation: “had stopped living the way God wanted” or “had behaved in an evil way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
377	GEN	6	13	qem8			0	all flesh	See how you translated these words in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md).
378	GEN	6	13	hw2i			0	the earth is filled with violence through them	“people everywhere on earth are violent”
379	GEN	6	13	tw4l			0	I will destroy them with the earth	“I will destroy both them and the earth” or “I will destroy them when I destroy the earth”
380	GEN	6	14	c3m5			0	an ark	This refers to a very large box that would be able to float on water even in a very bad storm. “a large boat” or “a ship” or “a barge”
381	GEN	6	14	m88q			0	cypress wood	People do not know exactly what kind of tree this was. “wood used for building boats” or “good wood”
382	GEN	6	14	a94b	figs-explicit		0	cover it with pitch	The reason for doing this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “spread pitch on it” or “paint tar on it” or “cover it with pitch to make it waterproof” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
383	GEN	6	14	ryf4			0	pitch	This is a thick, sticky or oily liquid that people put on the outside of a boat to stop water from going through gaps in the wood into the boat.
384	GEN	6	15	cz5l	translate-bdistance		0	cubits	A cubit was a unit of measure, a little less than half a meter long. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
385	GEN	6	15	xri9	translate-bdistance		0	three hundred cubits	“138 meters.” You may use the Hebrew measuring units from the ULT or the metric units from the UST or your own culture’s units if you know how they compare to the metric units. You may also write a footnote that says: “Three hundred cubits is about 138 meters.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
386	GEN	6	15	y496	translate-bdistance		0	fifty cubits	“twenty-three meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
387	GEN	6	15	u2h3	translate-bdistance		0	thirty cubits	“fourteen meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
388	GEN	6	16	bv39			0	a roof for the ark	This was probably a peaked or slanted roof. Its purpose was to protect everything in the ark from the rain.
389	GEN	6	16	se34	translate-bdistance		0	cubit	A cubit was a little less than half a meter long. See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:15](../06/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
390	GEN	6	16	ml4z			0	a lower, a second, and a third deck	“a lower deck, a middle deck, and an upper deck” or “three decks inside”
391	GEN	6	16	gl2q			0	deck	“floor” or “level”
392	GEN	6	17	f72f			0	Listen	God said this in order to emphasize that he would do what he was about to say. “Pay attention” or “Listen to what I am saying”
393	GEN	6	17	b6s7	figs-go		0	I am about to bring the flood of waters	In some languages it may b e better to say “to send” instead of “to bring. It is also possible to avoid the direction and say “to cause.” Alternate translation: “I am about to send a flood of waters” or “I am about to cause a flood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
394	GEN	6	17	h8ev	figs-synecdoche		0	all flesh	Here “flesh” represents all physical beings, including humans and animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
395	GEN	6	17	jv7g	figs-metonymy		0	that has in it the breath of life	Here “breath” represents life. Alternate translation: “that lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
396	GEN	6	18	ycd4			0	establish my covenant with you	“make a covenant between you and me”
397	GEN	6	18	uqa9			0	with you	with Noah
398	GEN	6	18	c9jq			0	You will come into the ark	“You will enter the ark.” Some translations say “You will go into the ark.”
399	GEN	6	19	gs78			0	Of every living creature of all flesh, two of every kind you must bring into the ark	“You must bring into the ark two of every kind of living creature”
400	GEN	6	19	x8zw			0	creature	an animal God created
401	GEN	6	19	v6ar			0	all flesh	See how you translated these words in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md).
402	GEN	6	20	v1mj			0	after their kind	“of each different kind”
403	GEN	6	20	ua1j			0	creeping thing of the ground	This refers to small animals that move on the ground .
404	GEN	6	20	b3i9			0	two of every sort	This refers to two of every kind of bird and animal.
405	GEN	6	20	f2s1	figs-you		0	to you	This refers to Noah and so is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
406	GEN	6	20	msl4			0	to keep them alive	“so you can keep them alive”
407	GEN	6	21	w126	figs-you		0	yourself…you	These refer to Noah and are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
408	GEN	6	21	bbh4			0	food that is eaten	“food that people and animals eat”
409	GEN	6	22	df5r	figs-parallelism		0	So Noah did this. According to all that God commanded him, so he did	These two sentences mean the same thing. The second sentence explains the first and emphasizes that Noah obeyed God. These parallel sentences can be combined into one. Alternate translation: “So Noah did everything that God commanded him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
410	GEN	7	intro	n23k			0		# Genesis 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In this chapter, the author continues his pattern of statements that summarize events already described, and of repeating events that have already happened. Again, careful translation is necessary so that readers do not think that the same events happened more than one time in the story. Special attention in this regard should be given to 7:5,10,13, and 17.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Clean animals and birds<br><br>Noah sacrificed to Yahweh some of the “clean” animals and birds that he had with him (8:20). These were animals and birds that the Hebrew people would later consider to be fit to eat and to sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])<br><br>### Water underneath and over the earth<br><br>The flood is presented as occurring because of rain pouring out of the sky and because of seawater rising from under the earth. This is because the ancient Hebrews pictured the earth as resting on top of the sea. They also pictured the sky as containing water above the earth that poured down through windows in the sky when God allowed it to rain. Translators should not try to change this picture in order to suit what readers believe about the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
411	GEN	7	1	n13c			0	General Information:	The events in this chapter take place after Noah built the ark, gathered the food, and put it in the ark.
412	GEN	7	1	iml7	figs-go		0	Come…into the ark	“Enter…into the ark.” Many translations read “Go…into the ark.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
413	GEN	7	1	lh4z	figs-you		0	you	The word “you” refers to Noah and is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
414	GEN	7	1	jtj5			0	your household	“your family”
415	GEN	7	1	d59a			0	righteous before me	This means that God saw Noah as righteous.
416	GEN	7	1	c6rt			0	in this generation	This refers to all the people who were living at that time. Alternate translation: “among all the people who are now living”
417	GEN	7	2	qv8l	figs-go		0	you will bring	“take.” Many translations read “you will take.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
418	GEN	7	2	j5le			0	clean animal	This was an animal that God allowed his people to eat and to sacrifice.
419	GEN	7	2	js39			0	animals that are not clean	These were animals that God did not allow people to eat or to sacrifice.
420	GEN	7	3	t2rp			0	to preserve their offspring	“so that they will have offspring that will live” or “so that, after the flood, animals will continue to live”
421	GEN	7	4	v9e3			0	forty days and forty nights	This was a full forty days. It was not a total of eighty days. Alternate translation: “forty days and nights”
422	GEN	7	4	ss6k			0	living	This refers to physical life.
423	GEN	7	6	a3lu			0	General Information:	Verses 6-12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event.
424	GEN	7	6	y68j			0	came upon the earth	“happened” or “came on the earth”
425	GEN	7	7	jew8			0	because of the waters of the flood	“because of the flood that would come” or “to escape the flood water”
426	GEN	7	8	z9t2			0	General Information:	Verses 6-12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event.
427	GEN	7	8	u2ij			0	clean animals	These were animals that God allowed people to eat and to give to him as sacrifices.
428	GEN	7	8	er9l			0	unclean animals	These were animals that God did not allow people to eat or to give to him as sacrifices.
429	GEN	7	9	ib15			0	two by two	The animals entered the boat in pairs of one male and one female.
430	GEN	7	10	z7w9			0	It came about that	This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story: the start of the flood. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
431	GEN	7	10	kkc2			0	after the seven days	“after seven days” or “seven days later”
432	GEN	7	10	uy9m	figs-explicit		0	the waters of the flood came upon the earth	The implicit information, “it started to rain” can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “it started to rain and the waters of the flood came upon the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
433	GEN	7	11	gsi1			0	General Information:	Verses 6-12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event.
434	GEN	7	11	ybc8	translate-ordinal		0	In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life	“When Noah was 600 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
435	GEN	7	11	wi34	translate-hebrewmonths		0	the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month	Since Moses wrote this book, it is possible he is referring to the second month of the Hebrew calendar. But this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
436	GEN	7	11	m7m8			0	on the same day	This refers to the specific day when the rain began. This phrase emphasizes how all of these major events happened quickly when the time arrived.
437	GEN	7	11	tw87			0	the fountains of the great deep burst open	“water from under the earth rushed up to the earth’s surface”
438	GEN	7	11	nsh5			0	the great deep	This refers to the sea that was thought to be under the earth.
439	GEN	7	11	qtm7			0	the windows of heaven were opened	This refers to rain. It describes the sky as a ceiling that keeps the waters above it from falling down to the earth. When the windows, or doors, in the sky were opened, the water came down through them. Alternate translation: “the sky opened” or “the doors in the sky opened”
440	GEN	7	12	ri9c			0	rain	If your language has a word for a great amount of rain, it would be appropriate here.
441	GEN	7	13	dh5z			0	General Information:	Verses 13-18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event.
442	GEN	7	13	yp26			0	On that very same day	“On that exact day.” This refers to the day that the rain started. Verses 13-16 tell what Noah did immediately before the rain began.
443	GEN	7	14	l52z			0	wild animal…livestock…creeping thing…bird	These four groups are listed to show that every kind of animal was included. If your language has another way of grouping all the animals, you can use that, or you can use these groups. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:24](../01/24.md).
444	GEN	7	14	ayv5			0	creeping thing	This refers to animals that crawl on the ground, like rodents, insects, lizards, and snakes.
445	GEN	7	14	v2bb			0	according to its kind	“so that each kind of animal will produce more of its own kind.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:24](../01/24.md).
446	GEN	7	15	i5qf			0	General Information:	Verses 13-18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event.
447	GEN	7	15	pbr7	figs-metonymy		0	Two of all flesh	Here “flesh” represents animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
448	GEN	7	15	d2w3	figs-metonymy		0	in which was the breath of life	Here “breath” represents life. Alternate translation: “that lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
449	GEN	7	15	lgu4	figs-go		0	came to Noah	The word “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
450	GEN	7	15	uni5	figs-synecdoche		0	of all flesh	Here “flesh” represents animals. Alternate translation: “of every kind of animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
451	GEN	7	16	j6fz	figs-explicit		0	after them	The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “after they entered the ark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
452	GEN	7	17	ea6p			0	General Information:	Verses 13-18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event.
453	GEN	7	17	b3ji			0	the water increased	“the water became very deep.” This happened during the forty days while the water kept coming.
454	GEN	7	17	ww1c			0	lifted the ark	“it caused the ark to float”
455	GEN	7	17	n9ke			0	raised it above the earth	“causes the ark to rise up high over the ground” or “he ark floated on top of the deep water”
456	GEN	7	19	j266			0	The waters rose greatly on the earth	“The water totally overwhelmed the earth”
457	GEN	7	20	k8t7			0	fifteen cubits	“six meters.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:15](../06/15.md).
458	GEN	7	21	x8dz			0	moved upon	“moved about” or “roamed”
459	GEN	7	21	hq98			0	all the living creatures that lived in great numbers upon the earth	This refers to all the animals that move around on the ground in large groups.
460	GEN	7	22	wlj2	figs-synecdoche		0	who breathed the breath of life through their noses	Here “noses” represent the whole animal or human. Alternate translation: “everyone that breathed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
461	GEN	7	22	cdp8	figs-metonymy		0	the breath of life	The words “breath” and “life” represent the power that causes people and animals to be alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
462	GEN	7	23	ki1a	figs-activepassive		0	So every living thing…was wiped out	If necessary, this can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So every living thing…perished” or “So the flood completely destroyed every living thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
463	GEN	7	23	wvw2	figs-activepassive		0	They were all destroyed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God destroyed them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
464	GEN	7	23	pnx5			0	from the earth	“so they were no longer on the earth”
465	GEN	7	23	drq1			0	those with him	“the people and animals that were with him”
466	GEN	7	23	g46l			0	were left	“remained” or “lived” or “remained alive”
467	GEN	8	intro	z61w			0		# Genesis 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:22, which is part of what Yahweh was telling Noah.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Flood waters<br>The waters receded after this great flood. Because there was so much water, and it came from God, it is described in a unique way.<br><br>### The mountains of Ararat<br>It is unclear where Ararat was located. Many people believe it is located in the modern country of Turkey.
468	GEN	8	1	vs3j			0	considered Noah	“remembered Noah” or “decided to help Noah”
469	GEN	8	1	xtv9			0	ark	This refers to a very large box that would be able to float on water even in a very bad storm. See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:14](../06/14.md). Alternate translation: “a large boat” or “a ship” or “a barge”
470	GEN	8	2	zi8q	figs-activepassive		0	The fountains of the deep and the windows of heaven were closed	“The water stopped coming out of the ground and the rain stopped falling.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God closed the fountains of the deep and the windows of heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
471	GEN	8	2	p1zi			0	fountains of the deep	“water from under the earth.” See how this is translated in [Genesis 7:11](../07/11.md).
472	GEN	8	2	dh7e			0	the windows of heaven were closed	This refers to the rain stopping. It describes the sky as a ceiling that keeps the waters above it from falling down to the earth. When the windows, or doors, in the sky were closed, the water stopped coming through them. See how “the windows of heaven” is translated in [Genesis 7:11](../07/11.md). Alternate translation: “the sky closed” or “the doors in the sky closed”
473	GEN	8	4	te6b			0	came to rest	“landed” or “stopped on solid ground”
474	GEN	8	4	fi75	translate-hebrewmonths		0	in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month	Because Moses wrote this book, it is possible he is referring to the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
475	GEN	8	5	gf1v	translate-hebrewmonths		0	tenth month	Because Moses wrote this book, it is possible he is referring to the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
476	GEN	8	5	l1gg			0	On the first day of the month	“On the first day of the tenth month”
477	GEN	8	5	yhx2	figs-explicit		0	appeared	This can be made more explicit: “appeared above the surface of the water.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
478	GEN	8	6	lmm4			0	It came about	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. Alternate translation: “It happened that”
479	GEN	8	6	k8bq	figs-distinguish		0	It came about…the window of the ark which he had made	The phrase “which he had made” tells about the window. Some languages may need to make this phrase a separate sentence: “Noah had made a window in the boat. It came about after forty days that he opened the window” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
480	GEN	8	7	rm8x			0	raven	a black bird that eats mainly the flesh of dead animals
481	GEN	8	7	s2vc			0	it flew back and forth	This means that the raven kept leaving the boat and returning.
482	GEN	8	7	dn2u	figs-activepassive		0	until the waters were dried up	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until the wind dried up the waters” or “until the waters dried up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
483	GEN	8	8	f1ln			0	he sent out a dove	If you use masculine pronouns for the word “dove,” you may need to insert Noah’s name here to avoid confusion: “Noah sent out a dove.”
484	GEN	8	9	r2x5			0	to rest her foot	“to land” or “to perch.” It means to land on something in order to rest from flying.
485	GEN	8	9	clq5			0	her foot…she returned…and brought her	The word “dove” is feminine in the author’s language. You could translate these phrases with the pronouns “its…it…it” or “his…he…him,” depending on how your language refers to a dove.
486	GEN	8	9	rst8			0	he…him	If you use masculine pronouns for the word “dove,” you may need to insert Noah’s name here to avoid confusion: “Noah sent out a dove,” “Noah stretched forth his hand,” etc.
487	GEN	8	10	p48z			0	He waited another seven days	“He again waited for seven days”
488	GEN	8	11	hjg1			0	Look	“Pay attention” or “This is important”
489	GEN	8	11	mc6s			0	a freshly plucked olive leaf	“a leaf that she had just plucked from an olive tree”
490	GEN	8	11	nbw2			0	plucked	“broken off”
491	GEN	8	12	x79p	figs-explicit		0	She did not return again to him	If people would not understand, you could state the reason explicitly: “She did not return again to him because she found a place to land.” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
492	GEN	8	13	ejr2			0	It came about	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
493	GEN	8	13	nhb3	translate-ordinal		0	in the six hundred and first year	“when Noah was 601 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
494	GEN	8	13	k4h8	translate-hebrewmonths		0	the first month, on the first day of the month	Since Moses wrote this book it is possible he is referring to the first month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
495	GEN	8	13	dvf1	figs-activepassive		0	the waters were dried up from off the earth	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the waters covering the earth dried up” or “the wind dried up the waters covering the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
496	GEN	8	13	uyy6			0	the covering of the ark	This refers to a cover that kept the rain water from going into the ark.
497	GEN	8	13	l4nx			0	behold	The word “behold” tells us to pay attention to the important information that comes next.
498	GEN	8	14	afz6	translate-hebrewmonths		0	In the second month, on the twenty-seventh day of the month	“On the twenty seventh day of the second month.” This may refer to the second month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
499	GEN	8	14	tn29			0	the earth was dry	“the ground was completely dry”
500	GEN	8	16	k1zj	figs-go		0	Go out of	“Leave.” Some translations read “Come out.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
501	GEN	8	17	y1p1	figs-go		0	Take out	“Take.” Some translations read “Bring out.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
502	GEN	8	17	cg9q			0	every living creature of all flesh	“every kind of living creature.” See how “all flesh” is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md).
503	GEN	8	17	bv2p	figs-doublet		0	be fruitful and multiply	This is an idiom. See how this is translated in [Genesis 1:28](../01/28.md). God wanted the humans and animals to reproduce, so there would be many of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
504	GEN	8	18	e5a9	figs-go		0	Noah went out	Some translations read “Noah came out.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
505	GEN	8	19	g5xb			0	according to their families	“in groups of their own kinds”
506	GEN	8	20	wu8x			0	built an altar to Yahweh	“built an altar dedicated to Yahweh” or “built an altar for worshiping Yahweh.” He may have built it with stones.
507	GEN	8	20	y625			0	clean animals…clean birds	Here “clean” means that God allowed these animals to be used in sacrifice. Some animals were not used for sacrifices and were called “unclean.”
508	GEN	8	20	t66t			0	offered burnt offerings	Noah killed the animals and then completely burned them up as an offering to God. Alternate translation: “burned the animals as offerings to Yahweh”
509	GEN	8	21	z8wm			0	pleasing aroma	This refers to the good smell of the roasted meat.
510	GEN	8	21	v91q			0	said in his heart	Here the word “heart” refers to God’s thoughts and emotions.
511	GEN	8	21	li87			0	curse the ground	“do very serious harm to the earth”
512	GEN	8	21	t7q2	figs-explicit		0	because of mankind	This can be made more explicit: “because mankind is sinful.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
513	GEN	8	21	k2f9			0	the intentions of their hearts is evil from childhood	“from their earliest years they tend to do evil things” or “when they are young, they want to do evil things”
514	GEN	8	21	i5xk			0	the intentions of their hearts	Here the word “hearts” refers to people’s thoughts, emotions, desires, and will. Alternate translation: “their tendency” or “their habit”
515	GEN	8	21	me8a			0	from childhood	This refers to an older child. Alternate translation: “from their youth”
516	GEN	8	22	t468			0	While the earth remains	“While the earth lasts” or “As long as the earth exists”
517	GEN	8	22	mwx9			0	seed time	“the season for planting”
518	GEN	8	22	v7fe	figs-merism		0	cold and heat, summer and winter	These expressions both refer to two major weather conditions in the year. Translators may use local expressions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
519	GEN	8	22	wu43			0	summer	the hot, dry time of the year
520	GEN	8	22	t9hn			0	winter	the cool, wet or snowy time of the year
521	GEN	8	22	vy7b	figs-doublenegatives		0	will not cease	“will not cease to exist” or “will not cease to occur.” This can be expressed in a positive manner. Alternate translation: “will continue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
522	GEN	9	intro	at1n			0		# Genesis 09 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 9:6-7, which is the poetic part of the quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. They also set apart 9:25-27, which contains two quotations.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 9:6 and 9:25-27.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Man’s relationship to animals<br>There is a noticeable shift in man’s relationship with the animals on the earth. Before the flood, there apparently was harmony between man and the animals. After the flood, the animals fear man and man is permitted to eat the animals, something he was not allowed to do previously. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Life in the blood<br>This chapter introduces the concept that there is life in the blood of an animal and in man. In Hebrew thought, blood represents the life present in a living thing. This is an image used throughout Scripture. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]])<br><br>### Covenant with Noah<br>God made a covenant with Noah. This covenant was an unconditional promise God made to never destroy the whole world with a flood. Rainbows are a perpetual sign of this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br><br>### A father’s nakedness<br>In Noah’s culture, it was unacceptable to see a father’s nakedness. It was wrong for Ham to show his brothers their father’s nakedness. Ham’s actions were insulting or disrespectful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth”<br>This is a command that God gives. He expects Noah to obey him.
523	GEN	9	1	bpc9	figs-doublet		0	Be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth	This is God’s blessing. He told Noah and his family to produce more humans like themselves, so that there would be many of them. The word “multiply” explains how they are to be “fruitful.” See how you translated these commands in [Genesis 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
524	GEN	9	2	e28l	figs-metaphor		0	The fear of you and the dread of you will be upon every living animal…and upon all the fish of the sea	The writer speaks of fear and dread as if they were physical objects that could be upon the animals. Alternate translation: “Every living animal…and all the fish of the sea will be dreadfully afraid of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
525	GEN	9	2	ax85	figs-doublet		0	The fear of you and the dread of you	The words “fear” and “dread” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how afraid the animals will be of mankind. Alternate translation: “A dreadful fear of you” or “A terrible fear of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
526	GEN	9	2	gm7c			0	every living animal on the earth	This is the first of the four categories of animals that the writer lists, and not a summary of the rest of the animals that he mentions next.
527	GEN	9	2	qqp7			0	bird	This is a general term for things that fly. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:21](../01/21.md).
528	GEN	9	2	fhz4			0	upon everything that goes low on the ground	This includes all types of small animals. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:25](../01/25.md).
529	GEN	9	2	g7t3	figs-metonymy		0	They are given into your hand	The hand represents control. This can be made active. Alternate translation: “They are given into your control” or “I have put them under your control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
530	GEN	9	3	gxp7			0	General Information:	God continues speaking to Noah and his sons.
531	GEN	9	4	s9mx			0	life…blood	Translators may add a footnote such as this: “The blood is a symbol for life.” They may also add a footnote that says something like this: “God was commanding people not to eat meat while the blood was still in it. They had to drain out the blood first.”
532	GEN	9	5	jd7y			0	General Information:	God continues speaking to Noah and his sons.
533	GEN	9	5	t1t8			0	But for your blood	This contrasts man’s blood with the blood of animals ([Genesis 9:4](../09/04.md)).
534	GEN	9	5	w9jw	figs-explicit		0	for your blood, the life that is in your blood	It is implied that the blood is shed, or poured out, or spilled out. Alternate translation: “if anyone causes your blood to pour out” or “if anyone spills your blood” or “if anyone kills you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
535	GEN	9	5	c5je			0	life	This refers to physical life.
536	GEN	9	5	sp2y			0	I will require payment	This payment refers to the death of the murderer, not to money. Alternate translation: “I will require anyone who kills you to pay”
537	GEN	9	5	f5z4	figs-synecdoche		0	from the hand	Here the word “hand” refers to the one who is responsible for something happening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
538	GEN	9	5	ihu7			0	From the hand of every animal I will require it	“I will require any animal that takes your life to pay”
539	GEN	9	5	kr1g			0	From the hand of any man, that is, from the hand of one who has murdered his brother, I will require an accounting for the life of that man	“I will require anyone who takes the life of another person to pay”
540	GEN	9	5	hye6	figs-synecdoche		0	From the hand of	This phrase refers to the person in a very personal way. Alternate translation: “From that very man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
541	GEN	9	5	n71j			0	brother	Here “brother” is used as a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group.
542	GEN	9	6	ghj9	figs-metaphor		0	Whoever sheds man’s blood, by man will his blood be shed	The shedding of blood is a metaphor for killing someone. This means that if a person murders someone, someone else must kill the murderer. However, “blood” is very significant in this passage and should be used in the translation if possible. Translate “sheds blood” with words that indicate a major loss of blood that causes death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
543	GEN	9	6	pnh5			0	for it was in the image of God that he made man	“because God made people to be like him” or “because I made people in my own image”
544	GEN	9	7	r2cz	figs-doublet		0	be fruitful and multiply	This is God’s blessing. He told Noah and his family to produce more humans like themselves, so that there would be many of them. The word “multiply” explains how they are to be “fruitful.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
545	GEN	9	8	ra1n			0	Then God spoke to Noah and to his sons with him	God was already speaking to them. This phrase marks a change in what God was going to speak about. Alternate translation: “God continued speaking to Noah and his sons” or “Then God went on to say”
546	GEN	9	9	cpy2			0	As for me	This phrase is used in English to mark the change from God talking about what Noah and his sons must do to talking about what God would do.
547	GEN	9	9	maf2			0	confirm my covenant with you	“make a covenant between you and me.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:18](../06/18.md).
548	GEN	9	11	q967			0	General Information:	God continues speaking to Noah and his sons.
549	GEN	9	11	lay9			0	I hereby confirm my covenant with you	“By saying this, I make my covenant with you.” See how similar words are translated in [Genesis 6:18](../06/18.md).
550	GEN	9	11	zug5	figs-synecdoche		0	all flesh	Possible meanings for what “all flesh” represents are (1) all human beings or (2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. See how this is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
551	GEN	9	11	wr5z			0	Never again will there be a flood to destroy the earth	“There will never again be a flood that destroys the earth.” There would be floods, but they would not destroy the whole earth.
552	GEN	9	12	r1uh			0	sign	This means a reminder of something that was promised.
553	GEN	9	12	tl5l			0	covenant…for all future generations	The covenant applies to Noah and his family and also to all generations that follow.
554	GEN	9	14	l8xy			0	General Information:	God continues speaking to Noah and his sons.
555	GEN	9	14	s4e4			0	It will come about when	“Whenever.” It is something that would happen many times.
556	GEN	9	14	f9zr	figs-activepassive		0	the rainbow is seen	It is not clear who will see the rainbow, but because the covenant is between Yahweh and people, if you need to say who it is who will see the rainbow, it would be best to name both Yahweh and people. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people and I see the rainbow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
557	GEN	9	14	kg5c			0	rainbow	the colorful strip of light that appears in the rain when the sun shines from behind the viewer
558	GEN	9	15	i9p6			0	I will call to mind my covenant	This does not mean that God would first forget. Alternate translation: “I will think about my covenant”
559	GEN	9	15	d7pg			0	me and you	The word “you” is plural. God was speaking to Noah and Noah’s sons.
560	GEN	9	15	lk6n			0	every living creature of all flesh	“every kind of living being”
561	GEN	9	15	vn2n	figs-synecdoche		0	all flesh	Possible meanings for what “all flesh” represents are (1) all human beings or (2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. See how this is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
562	GEN	9	16	kbz5			0	General Information:	God continues speaking to Noah and his sons.
563	GEN	9	16	b2e4			0	in order to remember	“so that I will remember” or “so that I will think about”
564	GEN	9	16	kf45			0	between God and every living creature	God is speaking here. Alternate translation: “between me and every living creature”
565	GEN	9	16	m4th			0	every living creature of all flesh	“every kind of living being.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 9:15](../09/15.md).
566	GEN	9	17	x593			0	Then God said to Noah	God was already talking to Noah. This phrase marks the final part of what God was saying. Alternate translation: “God finished by saying to Noah” or “So God said to Noah”
567	GEN	9	18	n7g4			0	General Information:	Verses 18-19 introduce the three sons of Noah, who will be an important part of the next story.
568	GEN	9	18	zxn9			0	father	Ham was Canaan’s true father.
569	GEN	9	20	bvi9			0	farmer	person who raises plants for food
570	GEN	9	21	d5k4			0	became drunk	“drank too much wine”
571	GEN	9	21	e6dg			0	uncovered	The text does not specify how much of Noah’s body was uncovered as he lay drunk. His sons’ reactions show us that it was shameful.
572	GEN	9	22	xd8e			0	his father	This refers to Noah.
573	GEN	9	24	ka8c			0	General Information:	In verses 25-27 Noah pronounced a curse on Ham’s son and blessings on Ham’s brothers. What Noah said about them also applied to their descendants, as shown in the UST. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in Noah’s curse and blessings in verses 25-27.
574	GEN	9	24	w9sj			0	awoke from his wine	He awoke after drinking wine and becoming drunk. He “became sober.”
575	GEN	9	24	y2mt			0	his youngest son	This refers to Ham. Alternate translation: “his youngest son, Ham”
576	GEN	9	25	tmj7			0	Cursed be Canaan	“I curse Canaan” or “May bad things happen to Canaan”
577	GEN	9	25	p9e7			0	Canaan	This was one of Ham’s sons. Alternate translation: “Ham’s son Canaan”
578	GEN	9	25	kp5y			0	a servant to his brothers’ servants	“the lowest servant of his brothers” or “the least important servant of his brothers”
579	GEN	9	25	ey5x			0	his brothers	This could refer either to Canaan’s brothers or to his relatives in general.
580	GEN	9	26	rx6d			0	General Information:	If you can, format these verses as they are formatted here to show your readers that this is poetry.
581	GEN	9	26	w1a7			0	May Yahweh, the God of Shem, be blessed	“Praised be Yahweh, the God of Shem,” or “Yahweh, the God of Shem, is worthy of praise” or “I praise Yahweh, the God of Shem”
582	GEN	9	27	s54q			0	May Canaan be his servant	“And let Canaan be Shem’s servant.” This includes Canaan’s and Shem’s descendants.
583	GEN	9	27	hh2y			0	May God extend the territory of Japheth	Possible meanings are (1) “May God make Japheth’s territory larger” or (2) “May God cause Japheth to have many descendants.”
584	GEN	9	27	bxj1			0	let him make his home in the tents of Shem	“let him leave peacefully with Shem.” This includes Japheth’s and Shem’s descendants.
585	GEN	9	27	x2sl			0	May Canaan be his servant	“Let Canaan be Japheth’s servant.” This includes Canaan’s and Japheth’s descendants.
586	GEN	10	intro	z42v			0		# Genesis 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a genealogical record. It also records the location of ancient people groups.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Assyria and Nineveh<br>While these places may be located in the same area as the Assyria mentioned later in Scripture, they are not the same kingdom.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Sons were born to”<br>This is an unusual phrase meaning “were sons of.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
587	GEN	10	1	h24x			0	These were the descendants of the sons of Noah	“This is the account of Noah’s sons.” This sentence introduces the account of Noah’s descendants in Genesis 10:1-11:9.
588	GEN	10	5	w1ea			0	From these the coastland peoples separated and went into their lands	“Javan’s sons and descendants separated and moved to the coastlands and islands”
589	GEN	10	5	pl9t			0	coastland peoples	This refers to people who lived along the coast and on the islands.
590	GEN	10	5	xw9u			0	their lands	“their homelands.” These are the places that the people moved to and lived in.
591	GEN	10	5	nhz9			0	every one with its own language	“Each people group spoke its own language” or “The people groups divided themselves according to their languages”
592	GEN	10	6	s5fj			0	Mizraim	Mizraim is the Hebrew name for “Egypt.”
593	GEN	10	8	f6b4			0	conqueror	Possible meanings are (1) “mighty warrior” or (2) “mighty man” or (3) “powerful ruler.”
594	GEN	10	9	k3vf			0	before Yahweh	Possible meanings are (1) “in Yahweh’s sight” or (2) “with Yahweh’s help”
595	GEN	10	9	ig4i	writing-proverbs		0	That is why it is said	This introduces a proverb. Your language may introduce proverbs and sayings in a different way. Alternate translation: “This is the reason people say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
596	GEN	10	10	i218			0	The first centers	Possible meanings are (1) the first centers he developed or (2) the important cities.
597	GEN	10	11	ufj6			0	he went to Assyria	“Nimrod went into Assyria”
598	GEN	10	13	d3j7			0	Mizraim became	The list of Noah’s descendants continues.
599	GEN	10	13	yc8k			0	Mizraim	Mizraim was one of Ham’s sons. His descendants became the people of Egypt. Mizraim is the Hebrew name for Egypt.
600	GEN	10	16	l6at			0	Jebusites…Amorites…Girgashites	These names refer to larger groups of people that descended from Canaan.
601	GEN	10	19	h65z			0	border	line between one person’s land and another person’s land
602	GEN	10	19	vy73	figs-explicit		0	from Sidon, in the direction of Gerar, as far as Gaza	The direction south can be stated explicitly if needed. Alternate translation: “from Sidon city in the north as far south as Gaza town, which is near Gerar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
603	GEN	10	19	rp9w	figs-explicit		0	as one goes toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboyim, as far as Lasha	The direction “east” or “inland” can be stated explicitly if needed. Alternate translation: “then east toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboyim towns, as far as Lasha” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
604	GEN	10	20	b2zq			0	These were the sons of Ham	The word “these” refers to the people and people groups who were listed in verses [Genesis 6-19](./06.md).
605	GEN	10	20	t4tj			0	by their languages	“broken up according to their different languages”
606	GEN	10	20	w46b			0	in their lands	“in their homelands”
607	GEN	10	24	ns9i			0	Arphaxad	Arphaxad was one of Shem’s sons.
608	GEN	10	25	a5uy			0	Peleg	Translators may add a footnote note that says: “The name Peleg means ‘division.’”
609	GEN	10	25	wad2	figs-activepassive		0	the earth was divided	This can be made active. Alternate translation: “the people of the earth divided themselves” or “the people of the earth separated from one another” or “God divided the people of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
610	GEN	10	26	dqg8	translate-names		0	Joktan	Joktan was one of Eber’s sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
611	GEN	10	29	n82g			0	All these	“These” here refers to the sons of Joktan.
612	GEN	10	30	s9ds			0	Their territory	“The land they controlled” or “The land they lived in”
613	GEN	10	31	s4mu			0	These were the sons of Shem	The word “these” refers to the descendants of Shem ([Genesis 10:21-29](./21.md)).
614	GEN	10	32	lws8			0	These were the clans	This refers back to all the people listed in [Genesis 10:1-31](./01.md).
615	GEN	10	32	rr78			0	according to	“listed by”
616	GEN	10	32	a96c			0	From these the nations separated and went over the earth	“From these clans the nations divided and spread over the earth” or “These clans divided from each other and formed the nations of the earth”
617	GEN	10	32	bp4b	figs-explicit		0	after the flood	This can be stated clearly or more explicitly. Alternate translation: “after the flood destroyed the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
618	GEN	11	intro	ecl3			0		# Genesis 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a story traditionally referred to as the “Tower of Babel.”<br><br>This chapter seeks to answer the questions: why do people speak different languages? how did people become so dispersed across the earth? God’s punishment described in this chapter may also explain why the world has racial and ethnic divisions.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Age of people when they die<br>After the flood, people began to live shorter lives. This chapter begins to record the shortening of the average lifespan.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Personification<br>The statement “Yahweh came down to see” is a type of personification. Yahweh always knows what happens on earth. This statement indicates that Yahweh is about to bring judgment on mankind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Let us build ourselves a city and a tower whose top will reach to the sky”<br>The people were very full of pride and rebelled against God in this action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
619	GEN	11	1	ar7x			0	Now	This word shows that the writer is beginning a new part of the story.
620	GEN	11	1	gr4c	figs-metonymy		0	the whole earth	This represents all the people on the earth. Alternate translation: “all the people on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
621	GEN	11	1	y7c6	figs-parallelism		0	used one language and had the same words	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that all people spoke the same language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
622	GEN	11	2	c5a7			0	they journeyed	“they moved around”
623	GEN	11	2	p5qy			0	in the east	Possible meanings are (1) “in the east” or (2) “from the east” or (3) “to the east.” The preferred choice is “in the east” because Shinar is to the east of where scholars believe the ark came to rest.
624	GEN	11	2	a3c6			0	settled	stopped moving from one place to another and began to live at one location
625	GEN	11	3	mad2			0	Come	If your language has a way of urging or commanding people to begin work, like the English “Come on!” you might use it here.
626	GEN	11	3	z6gz			0	bake them thoroughly	People make bricks out of clay and heat them in a very hot oven to make them hard and strong.
627	GEN	11	3	ihz3			0	tar	a thick, sticky, black liquid that comes up from the ground
628	GEN	11	3	zxv1			0	mortar	This is a thick substance made of lime powder, clay, sand, and water used to make stones or bricks stick together.
629	GEN	11	4	nzr5			0	let us make a name for ourselves	“let us make our reputation great”
630	GEN	11	4	rxx9			0	name	reputation
631	GEN	11	4	ejq9	figs-activepassive		0	we will be scattered	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we will separate from each other and live in different places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
632	GEN	11	5	v8n7			0	the descendants of Adam	“the people”
633	GEN	11	5	t6pt	figs-explicit		0	came down	The information about where he came down from can be made explicit: “came down from heaven.” This does not tell how he came down. Use a general word meaning “came down.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
634	GEN	11	5	b3yl			0	to see	“to observe” or “to look more closely”
635	GEN	11	6	uzm2			0	one people with the same language	All the people were one big group and they all spoke the same language.
636	GEN	11	6	a83e			0	they are beginning to do this	Possible meanings are (1) “they have begun to do this,” meaning that they have begun to build the tower but it is not finished, or (2) “this is just the first thing they have done,” meaning that in future they will do greater things.
637	GEN	11	6	ux98	figs-doublenegatives		0	nothing that they intend to do will be impossible for them	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “anything they intend to do will be possible for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
638	GEN	11	7	i5gb			0	Come	If your language has a way of urging or commanding people to begin work, like the English “Come on!” you might use it here. See how this is translated in [Genesis 11:3](../11/03.md).
639	GEN	11	7	i17m	figs-pronouns		0	let us go down	The word “us” is plural even though it refers to God. Some translate it as “let me go down” or “I will go down.” If you do this, consider adding a footnote to say that the pronoun is plural. See the note on “Let us make” in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
640	GEN	11	7	d22g	figs-explicit		0	confuse their language	This means that Yahweh would cause the people all over the earth to stop speaking the same language. Alternate translation: “mix up their language” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
641	GEN	11	7	plc4	figs-explicit		0	so that they may not understand each other	This was the purpose of confusing their language. Alternate translation: “so that they will not be able to understand what each other is saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
642	GEN	11	8	htq4			0	from there	“from the city”
643	GEN	11	9	m76d			0	its name was called Babel, because there Yahweh confused	The name “Babel” sounds like the word that means “confused.” Translators may want to add a footnote about this.
644	GEN	11	9	ppz1	figs-explicit		0	confused the language of the whole earth	It means that Yahweh caused the people all over the earth to no longer speak the same language. Alternate translation: “mixed up the language of the whole earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
645	GEN	11	10	jzy8			0	General Information:	The rest of this chapter lists the line of Shem’s descendants down to Abram.
646	GEN	11	10	gq2u			0	These were the descendants of Shem	This sentence begins the list of Shem’s descendants.
647	GEN	11	10	n5un			0	flood	This is the flood from Noah’s time when people had become so evil that God sent a worldwide flood to cover the earth.
648	GEN	11	10	y7s3			0	became the father of Arphaxad	“had his son Arphaxad” or “his son Arphaxad was born”
649	GEN	11	10	b4lz	translate-names		0	Arphaxad	a man’s name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
650	GEN	11	10	ty5m	translate-numbers		0	a hundred…two	Translators may write the words or the numerals “100” and “2.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
651	GEN	11	11	ix9y	translate-numbers		0	five hundred	Translators may write the words or the numeral “500.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
652	GEN	11	12	i93p			0	he became the father of Shelah	“his son Shelah was born”
653	GEN	11	12	i685	translate-names		0	Shelah	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
654	GEN	11	13	v9kr	translate-numbers		0	403 years	“four hundred and three years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
655	GEN	11	14	aht6	translate-names		0	General Information:	The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
656	GEN	11	16	nh92	translate-names		0	General Information:	The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
657	GEN	11	18	t5j5	translate-names		0	General Information:	The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
658	GEN	11	20	zj9y	translate-names		0	General Information:	The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
659	GEN	11	22	qv7c	translate-names		0	General Information:	The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
660	GEN	11	24	kk5d	translate-names		0	General Information:	The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
661	GEN	11	26	v3ui			0	Abram, Nahor, and Haran	We do not know the birth order of his sons.
662	GEN	11	27	sx61	translate-names		0	Now these were the descendants of Terah	This sentence introduces the account of Terah’s descendants. Genesis 11:27-25:11 tells about Terah’s descendants, particularly his son Abraham. Alternate translation: “This is the account of Terah’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
663	GEN	11	28	qu78	translate-names		0	Haran died in the presence of his father Terah	This means that Haran died while his father was still living. Alternate translation: “Haran died while his father, Terah, was with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
664	GEN	11	29	qxs6			0	took wives	“married wives”
665	GEN	11	29	x1m2	translate-names		0	Iskah	This is a female name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
666	GEN	11	30	s9v1			0	Now	This word is used to introduce new information about Sarai that will become important in later chapters.
667	GEN	11	30	yps7	figs-euphemism		0	barren	This term describes a woman who is physically unable to conceive or bear a child. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
668	GEN	11	31	cu9g			0	his	Here the word “his” refers to Terah.
669	GEN	11	31	tj9e			0	Sarai his daughter-in-law, his son Abram’s wife	“his daughter-in-law Sarai, who was the wife of his son Abram”
670	GEN	11	31	h4pi			0	Haran…Haran	These are two different names and they are spelled differently in Hebrew. One refers to a person and the other refers to a city. (The “h” sound in the city’s name is louder than the “h” sound in the person’s name.) You might choose to spell them differently in your language to show this.
671	GEN	11	32	lt94	translate-numbers		0	205 years	“two hundred and five years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
672	GEN	12	intro	b9wm			0		# Genesis 12 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Abram<br>When God said, “Go from your country, and from your relatives,” he established several new people groups. These groups descended from Abram.<br><br>### God’s covenant with Abraham<br>God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “They will kill me”<br>Abram was afraid the Egyptians would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Sarai to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Abram’s sister, they would have shown favor to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])
673	GEN	12	1	k9r8			0	Now	This word is used to mark a new part of the story.
674	GEN	12	1	d1lk			0	Go from your country, and from your relatives	“Go from your land, from your family”
675	GEN	12	2	hc9y	figs-metonymy		0	I will make of you a great nation	Here “you” is singular and refers to Abram, but Abram represents his descendants. Alternate translation: “I will start a great nation through you” or “I will make your descendants become a great nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
676	GEN	12	2	q7ai	figs-metonymy		0	make your name great	The word “name” represents the person’s reputation. Alternate translation: “make you famous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
677	GEN	12	2	jt28	figs-ellipsis		0	you will be a blessing	The words “to other people” are understood. Alternate translation: “you will be a blessing to other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
678	GEN	12	3	xec4			0	whoever dishonors you I will curse	“I will curse whoever treats you in a shameful way” or “if anyone treats you as worthless, I will curse him”
679	GEN	12	3	cpj9	figs-activepassive		0	Through you will all the families of the earth be blessed	This can be made active. Alternate translation: “I will bless all the families of the earth through you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
680	GEN	12	3	xd5b			0	Through you	“Because of you” or “Because I have blessed you”
681	GEN	12	5	lvz6			0	possessions	This includes animals and non-living property.
682	GEN	12	5	nv12			0	the people that they had acquired	Possible meanings are (1) “slaves that they had accumulated” or (2) “the people whom they had gathered to be with them.”
683	GEN	12	6	j4pb	figs-explicit		0	Abram passed through the land	Only Abram’s name is mentioned because he was the head of the family. God had given him the command to take his family and go there. Alternate translation: “So Abram and his family went through the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
684	GEN	12	6	lgv1			0	the land	“the land of Canaan”
685	GEN	12	6	jvj4	translate-names		0	the oak of Moreh	Moreh was probably the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
686	GEN	12	7	v6g3			0	Yahweh, who had appeared to him	“Yahweh, because he had appeared to him”
687	GEN	12	8	ln91			0	he pitched his tent	Abram had many people with him as he traveled. People who moved from place to place lived in tents. Alternate translation: “they set up their tents”
688	GEN	12	8	v6m1			0	called on the name of Yahweh	“prayed in the name of Yahweh” or “worshiped Yahweh”
689	GEN	12	9	vbq7	figs-explicit		0	Then Abram continued journeying	You may need to make explicit that he took his tent with him. “Then Abram took his tent and continued journeying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
690	GEN	12	9	t22q			0	toward the Negev	“toward the Negev region” or “toward the south” or “south to the Negev desert”
691	GEN	12	10	lv6b	figs-explicit		0	There was a famine	The crops did not grow well that season. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “There was a shortage of food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
692	GEN	12	10	c2c3			0	in the land	“in the area” or “in the land where Abram was living”
693	GEN	12	10	me1z			0	went down into	Possible meanings are (1) “went further south” or (2) “went away from Canaan into.” It would be best to translate this using your usual words for going from a higher place to a lower place.
694	GEN	12	12	hmn5	figs-explicit		0	they will kill me…you alive	The reason they would kill Abram can be made explicit: “they will kill me so that they can marry you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
695	GEN	12	13	sj7i	figs-activepassive		0	so that my life will be spared because of you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that, because of you, they will not kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
696	GEN	12	14	stl2			0	It came about that	Possible meanings are (1) This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts, and if your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here, or (2) “And that was what happened” .
697	GEN	12	15	cnd8			0	The princes of Pharaoh saw her	“Pharaoh’s officials saw Sarai” or “the king’s officials saw her”
698	GEN	12	15	n3fw	figs-activepassive		0	the woman was taken into Pharaoh’s household	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh took her into his household” or “Pharaoh had his soldiers take her into his household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
699	GEN	12	15	hw84			0	the woman	Sarai
700	GEN	12	15	y2tk	figs-euphemism		0	Pharaoh’s household	Possible meanings are (1) “Pharoah’s family,” that is, as a wife, or (2) “Pharaoah’s house” or “Pharaoh’s palace,” a euphemism for Pharaoh making her one of his wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
701	GEN	12	16	m9jr			0	for her sake	“for Sarai’s sake” or “because of her”
702	GEN	12	17	kb9r	figs-explicit		0	because of Sarai, Abram’s wife	This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “because Pharaoh intended to take Sarai, Abram’s wife, to be his own wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
703	GEN	12	18	r9kt			0	Pharaoh summoned Abram	“Pharaoh called Abram” or “Pharaoh ordered Abram to come to him”
704	GEN	12	18	e9mt	figs-rquestion		0	What is this that you have done to me?	Pharaoh used this rhetorical question to show how angry he was about what Abram had done to him. It can also be stated as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You have done a terrible thing to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
705	GEN	12	20	f2i8			0	Then Pharaoh gave orders to his men concerning him	“Then Pharaoh directed his officials concerning Abram”
706	GEN	12	20	edz8			0	they sent him away, along with his wife and all that he had	“the officials sent Abram away from Pharoah, with his wife and all his possessions”
707	GEN	13	intro	qch2			0		# Genesis 13 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Abram’s faith<br>Since the land could not support both Lot’s and Abraham’s family, they each went their own way. Even though good land was not plentiful, Abraham allowed Lot to choose the better land because he trusted in God to fulfill his promises. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br><br>### God’s covenant with Abram<br><br>God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. This chapter continues the covenant which began in the previous chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Built an altar<br>Abram would have built an altar in order to offer sacrifices to Yahweh. There is an implicit understanding that building an altar was an act of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
708	GEN	13	1	sjz2			0	went up from	“left” or “departed from”
709	GEN	13	1	ige2	figs-explicit		0	went into the Negev	The Negev was a desert region in southern Canaan, west of Egypt. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “went back to the Negev desert” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
710	GEN	13	2	bty5			0	Abram was very rich in animals, in silver, and in gold	“Abram had many animals, much silver, and much gold”
711	GEN	13	2	lwq5			0	animals	“livestock” or “cattle”
712	GEN	13	3	rg7d	figs-explicit		0	He continued on his journey	Abram and his family traveled by stages, going from place to place. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “They continued on their journey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
713	GEN	13	3	vxf3	figs-explicit		0	to the place where his tent had been before	Translators may add a footnote that says “See Genesis 12:8.” The time of his travel can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “to the place where he had set up his tent before he went to Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
714	GEN	13	4	h2ad			0	called on the name of Yahweh	“prayed in the name of Yahweh” or “worshiped Yahweh.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 12:8](../12/08.md).
715	GEN	13	5	br4w	writing-background		0	Now	This word is used to show what follows is background information to help the reader understand the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
716	GEN	13	6	ash5			0	The land was not able to support them	There was not enough grazing land and water for all their animals.
717	GEN	13	6	k6zz			0	their possessions	This includes livestock, which need pasture and water.
718	GEN	13	6	y1wq			0	could not stay together	“could not live together”
719	GEN	13	7	e3n1			0	The Canaanites and the Perizzites were living in the land at that time	This is another reason that the land could not support them all.
720	GEN	13	8	rbt4			0	Let there be no strife between you and me	“Let’s not quarrel”
721	GEN	13	8	l2ht			0	strife	arguments or fights
722	GEN	13	8	ayp5			0	between your herdsmen and my herdsmen	“let’s stop the men who take care of our animals from quarreling”
723	GEN	13	8	l8eq			0	after all, we are family	“because we are family”
724	GEN	13	8	vz47			0	family	“kinsmen” or “relatives.” Lot was Abraham’s nephew.
725	GEN	13	9	n7k3	figs-rquestion		0	Is not the whole land before you?	This rhetorical question can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “The whole land is available for you to use.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
726	GEN	13	9	av37			0	Go ahead and separate yourself from me	Abraham was speaking kindly to Lot and encouraging him to do something that would help them both. “Let’s separate.”
727	GEN	13	9	flm1			0	If you go to the left, then I will go to the right	Possible meanings are (1) “If you go one way, then I will go the other” or (2) “If you go to the north, I will go to the south.” Abram let Lot choose the part of the land he wanted, and Abram would take what remained.
728	GEN	13	10	v189			0	the whole plain of the Jordan	This refers to the general region of the Jordan River.
729	GEN	13	10	ve9r			0	was well watered	“had much water”
730	GEN	13	10	zs4c			0	like the garden of Yahweh, like the land of Egypt	“like the garden of Yahweh or like the land of Egypt.” These were two different places.
731	GEN	13	10	p9t9			0	the garden of Yahweh	This is another name for the garden of Eden.
732	GEN	13	10	v2iw			0	garden	Use the same word for “garden” as you used in [Genesis 2:8](../02/08.md).
733	GEN	13	10	z1zy			0	This was before Yahweh destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah	This anticipates something that would happen later. It is important here because it explains why Lot settled in a region that later was not fertile.
734	GEN	13	11	c5bb			0	the relatives	“the kinsmen” or “the families.” This refers to Lot and Abram with their households.
735	GEN	13	12	hc2t			0	Abram lived	“Abram made his home” or “Abram stayed”
736	GEN	13	12	cpm2			0	the land of Canaan	“the land of the Canaanites”
737	GEN	13	12	umy1			0	He set up his tents as far away as Sodom	Possible meanings are (1) “He set up his tents near Sodom” or (2) “He moved his tents around in an area that reached all the way to Sodom.”
738	GEN	13	14	y61m			0	after Lot had departed from him	“after Lot left Abraham”
739	GEN	13	17	xil7			0	walk through the length and breadth of the land	“walk around all over the whole land”
740	GEN	13	18	zy7q	translate-names		0	Mamre	This was the name of the man who owned the oak trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
741	GEN	13	18	is6e	translate-names		0	Hebron	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
742	GEN	13	18	xw41			0	an altar to Yahweh	“an altar for worshiping Yahweh”
743	GEN	14	intro	hz9l			0		# Genesis 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:19-20.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Names of places<br>Sometimes the names of places in Scripture are referred to by the name used during the time of the writer. For example, the location referred to as Dan was not yet known by that name because Dan had not yet come to live there. Moses, the author of Genesis, would have known this location as Dan.<br><br>### Melchizedek<br>Melchizedek was both a priest and a king. Because of this, he parallels the roles of Jesus. Melchizedek is an important figure in the book of Hebrews. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### God Most High<br><br>Melchizedek worshiped the God Most High. This is probably a reference to the true and only God who created the heavens and the earth and came to be known as Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
744	GEN	14	1	zbz3			0	It came about	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
745	GEN	14	1	p95i			0	in the days of	“in the time of”
746	GEN	14	1	e5wj	translate-names		0	Amraphel…Arioch…Kedorlaomer…Tidal	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
747	GEN	14	1	psb1	translate-names		0	Shinar…Ellasar…Elam…Goiim	These are names of places. See how you translated “Shinar” in [Genesis 10:10](../10/10.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
748	GEN	14	2	s6jz			0	they made war	“they went to war” or “they started a war” or “they prepared for war”
749	GEN	14	3	pdv2	figs-explicit		0	These latter five kings joined together	The information that their armies were with them can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “These latter five kings and their armies joined together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
750	GEN	14	4	vk6f			0	Twelve years they had served	The events in verses 4-7 happened before verse 3. Your language may have a way of showing this.
751	GEN	14	4	d7j6	translate-names		0	they had served Kedorlaomer	They probably had to pay him taxes and serve in his army. Alternate translation: “they had been under the control of Kedorlaomer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
752	GEN	14	4	m72u			0	they rebelled	“they refused to serve him” or “they stopped serving him”
753	GEN	14	5	k2wm			0	came and attacked	They did this because the other kings rebelled.
754	GEN	14	5	k3kf	translate-names		0	the Rephaim…the Zuzites…the Emites	These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
755	GEN	14	5	kj3n	translate-names		0	Ashteroth Karnaim…Ham…Shaveh Kiriathaim	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
756	GEN	14	5	pm1u			0	Ham	This name in Hebrew is different from the name of Noah’s son, which is spelled the same way in English.
757	GEN	14	6	afr4	translate-names		0	the Horites	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
758	GEN	14	6	m4dw	translate-names		0	Seir…El Paran	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
759	GEN	14	6	s52t	figs-distinguish		0	El Paran, which is near the desert	This phrase helps readers understand where El Paran was. It can be translated as a separate sentence if necessary. Alternate translation: “El Paran. El Paran is near the desert” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
760	GEN	14	7	my4b			0	General Information:	Verses 8 and 9 repeats what was said in [Genesis 14:3](../14/03.md) and continues to tell what happened when the kings came together to fight.
761	GEN	14	7	rck2	figs-go		0	they turned and came	The word “they” refers to the four foreign kings who were attacking the region of Canaan. Their names were Amraphel, Arioch, Chedorlaomer, and Tidal. Alternate translation: “they turned and went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
762	GEN	14	7	ed6d			0	the Amorites who lived in Hazezon Tamar	This phrase tells which Amorite people were defeated. There were other Amorite people who lived in other places.
763	GEN	14	8	pq4d			0	the king of Bela (also called Zoar)	The city of Bela was also called Zoar. This information could also be put at the end of the sentence. “the king of Bela went out and prepared for battle. Bela is also called Zoar.”
764	GEN	14	8	v7s3	figs-explicit		0	prepared for battle	“joined battle” or “drew up battle lines.” Some translators may need to also say that the armies fought, as the UST does in verse 9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
765	GEN	14	9	uq5u			0	four kings against the five	Since the five kings were listed first, some languages might prefer to translate this as “five kings against four.”
766	GEN	14	10	yn7e	writing-background		0	Now	This word introduces background information about the valley of Siddim. Your language may have another way of introducing background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
767	GEN	14	10	u9qi			0	was full of tar pits	“had many tar pits.” These were holes in the ground that had tar in them.
768	GEN	14	10	f98l			0	tar	a thick, sticky, black liquid that comes up from the ground. See how this is translated in [Genesis 11:3](../11/03.md).
769	GEN	14	10	mp8k	figs-synecdoche		0	the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah	Here the kings represent themselves and their armies. Alternate translation: the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah and their armies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
770	GEN	14	10	kj2n	figs-metonymy		0	they fell in there	Possible meanings are (1) some of their soldiers fell in the tar pits or (2) the kings themselves fell in the tar pits. Since [Genesis 14:17](../14/17.md) says that the king of Sodom went to meet Abram, the first meaning is more likely correct. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
771	GEN	14	10	ern2			0	Those who were left	“Those who did not die in battle and did not fall in the pits”
772	GEN	14	11	rk4u	figs-metonymy		0	the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah	The words “Sodom” and “Gomorrah” are metonyms for the people who lived in those cities. Alternate translation: “the wealth of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah” or “the property of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
773	GEN	14	11	c7vp			0	their provisions	“their food and drink”
774	GEN	14	11	e6qg			0	went their way	“they went away”
775	GEN	14	12	g2sj	figs-distinguish		0	they also took Lot, Abram’s brother’s son, who was living in Sodom, along with all his possessions	The phrases “Abram’s brother’s son” and “who was living in Sodom” remind the reader of things that were written earlier about Lot. Alternate translation: “they also took Lot, along with all his possessions. Lot was Abram’s brother’s son and was living in Sodom at that time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
776	GEN	14	13	w39m			0	One who had escaped came	“A man escaped from the battle and came”
777	GEN	14	13	g8u8	writing-background		0	He was living	“Abram was living.” This introduces background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
778	GEN	14	13	mmt3			0	were all allies of Abram	“were treaty-partners with Abram” or “had a peace agreement with Abram”
779	GEN	14	14	se1t			0	his relative	This is a reference to Abram’s nephew Lot.
780	GEN	14	14	wc3z	translate-numbers		0	318 trained men	“three hundred and eighteen trained men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
781	GEN	14	14	llz9			0	trained men	“men who were trained to fight”
782	GEN	14	14	gjn2			0	men who had been born in his house	“men who were born in Abram’s household.” They were children of Abram’s servants.
783	GEN	14	14	a2k3			0	pursued them	“chased them”
784	GEN	14	14	kgi3			0	Dan	This is a city in the far north of Canaan, far from Abram’s camp.
785	GEN	14	15	z2r4			0	He divided his men against them at night and attacked them	This probably refers to a battle strategy. “Abram divided the men into several groups, and they attacked their enemies from various directions”
786	GEN	14	16	fxf4			0	all the possessions	This refers to the things that the enemies had stolen from the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah.
787	GEN	14	16	qp8w			0	his goods	“Lot’s property that the enemies had stolen from Lot”
788	GEN	14	16	gt3k			0	as well as the women and the other people	“as well as the women and other people that the four kings had captured”
789	GEN	14	17	s822	figs-explicit		0	returned	The implied information about where he was returning to can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “returned to where he was living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
790	GEN	14	18	cz1b			0	Melchizedek, king of Salem	This is the first time this king is mentioned.
791	GEN	14	18	hqq1			0	bread and wine	People commonly ate bread and wine. See how you translated “bread” in [Genesis 3:19](../03/19.md) and “wine” in [Genesis 9:21](../09/21.md).
792	GEN	14	19	b6iz			0	He blessed him	King Melchizedek blessed Abram.
793	GEN	14	19	wnf1	figs-activepassive		0	Blessed be Abram by God Most High, Creator of heaven and earth	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May God Most High, the Creator of heaven and earth, bless Abram” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
794	GEN	14	19	z9ck			0	heaven	This refers to the place where God lives.
795	GEN	14	20	pvn4			0	God Most High, who has given	“God Most High, because he has given.” The phrase starting with “who has given” tells us something more about God Most High.
796	GEN	14	20	hyf9			0	Blessed be God Most High	This is a way of praising God. See how you translated “blessed be” in [Genesis 9:26](../09/26.md).
797	GEN	14	20	me4m			0	into your hand	“into your control” or “into your power”
798	GEN	14	21	yzi9			0	Give me the people	The phrase “the people” may refer to the people of Sodom that the enemies had captured. Abram rescued them when he rescued Lot.
799	GEN	14	22	pw78			0	I have lifted up my hand	This means “I have taken an oath” or “I have made a promise.”
800	GEN	14	24	fd75			0	I will take nothing except what the young men have eaten	“I take from you only what my young men have already eaten.” Abram was refusing to accept anything for himself, but acknowledged that the soldiers had eaten some of the supplies during the journey back to Sodom after the battle.
801	GEN	14	24	xk3g	figs-explicit		0	the share of the men that went with me	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the share of the recovered property that belongs to the men who helped me get it back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
802	GEN	14	24	dn4x	figs-explicit		0	Aner, Eshkol, and Mamre	These are the allies of Abram ([Genesis 14:13](../14/13.md)). Because they were Abram’s allies they fought battles alongside him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “my allies Aner, Eshkol, and Mamre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
803	GEN	15	intro	b77u			0		# Genesis 15 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Inheritance<br>In the ancient Near East, a person’s children inherited the property and land of their parents. Abraham doubted the fulfillment of God’s covenant because he did not have any children to whom to give his land. This showed a lack of faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]],[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### Fulfilling a promise<br>In the ancient Near East, two people performed a similar sacrifice by dividing animals in half. It was a way to say to the other person, “may this happen to me if I do not fulfill my promise.” The event recorded here indicates that God will fulfill his promise and only he is responsible for bringing it about. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br><br>### God’s covenant with Abraham<br><br>God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. This covenant has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety.
804	GEN	15	1	u7m1			0	After these things	“These things” refers to when the kings fought and Abram rescued Lot.
805	GEN	15	1	y6sg	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to Abram in a vision, saying, “Fear	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Abram in a vision. He said, ‘Fear” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Abram in a vision: ‘Fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
806	GEN	15	1	f5jx	figs-metaphor		0	shield…reward	God used these two metaphors to tell Abram about his character and his relationship to Abram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
807	GEN	15	1	q9jg	figs-metaphor		0	I am your shield	Soldiers use a shield to protect themselves from their enemies. Alternate translation: “I will protect you like shield” or “I am your shield to protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
808	GEN	15	1	a84d			0	I am…your very great reward	Possible meanings are (1) “I myself will be all that you need” or (2) “I will give you all you need.”
809	GEN	15	1	d6eq	figs-metonymy		0	reward	the result of a person’s actions. This seems to be a metonym for the gracious blessing God would give Abram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
810	GEN	15	3	e54g			0	Abram said, “Since you have given me	“Abram continued speaking and said, ‘Since you have given me’”
811	GEN	15	4	ym81			0	Then, behold	The word “behold” emphasizes the fact that the word of Yahweh came to Abraham again.
812	GEN	15	4	a5xl	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to him, saying, “This	The idiom “The word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this idiom in [Genesis 15:1](./01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave him a message. He said, ‘This” or “Yahweh spoke this message to him: ‘This” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
813	GEN	15	4	jf7t			0	This man	This refers to Eliezer of Damascus.
814	GEN	15	4	t2nt			0	the one who will come from your own body	“the one that you will father” or “your very own son.” Abram’s own son would become his heir.
815	GEN	15	5	rzc6			0	number the stars	“count the stars”
816	GEN	15	5	s2td			0	So will your descendants be	Just as Abram would not be able to count all the stars, he would not be able to count all his descendants because there would be so many.
817	GEN	15	6	wi6t			0	He believed Yahweh	This means he accepted and trusted what Yahweh said was true.
818	GEN	15	6	vu8m			0	he counted it to him as righteousness	“Yahweh counted Abram’s belief as righteousness” or “Yahweh considered Abram righteous because Abram believed him”
819	GEN	15	7	s8nq			0	I am Yahweh, who brought you out of Ur	Yahweh was reminding Abraham of what he had already done so that Abraham would know that Yahweh had the power to give Abram what he promised him.
820	GEN	15	7	vpc6			0	to inherit it	“to receive it” or “so that you will possess it”
821	GEN	15	8	xgm4			0	how will I know	Abram was asking for more proof that Yahweh would give him the land.
822	GEN	15	11	ej2r			0	the carcasses	“the dead bodies of the animals and birds”
823	GEN	15	11	ld5n			0	Abram drove them away	“Abram chased the birds away.” He made sure the birds did not eat the dead animals.
824	GEN	15	12	mt8x	figs-idiom		0	Abram fell sound asleep	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Abraham slept deeply” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
825	GEN	15	12	s67i			0	a deep and terrifying darkness	“an extreme darkness that terrified him”
826	GEN	15	12	t6p7			0	overwhelmed him	“surrounded him”
827	GEN	15	13	v3tk			0	strangers	people who are at home in one place but have to live in another place
828	GEN	15	13	ayu5	figs-activepassive		0	will be enslaved and oppressed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the owners of that land will enslave your descendants and oppress them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
829	GEN	15	14	u2c1			0	General Information:	Yahweh continued to speak to Abram while Abram dreamed.
830	GEN	15	14	chv9	figs-metonymy		0	I will judge	Here “judge” is a metonym for what will happen after God makes the judgment. Alternate translation: “I will punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
831	GEN	15	14	i1hs	figs-explicit		0	that they will serve	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “that your descendants will serve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
832	GEN	15	14	i716	figs-idiom		0	abundant possessions	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “many possessions” or “great wealth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
833	GEN	15	15	zj2t	figs-euphemism		0	you will go to your fathers	This is a polite way of saying “you will die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
834	GEN	15	15	ce5w	figs-synecdoche		0	fathers	The word “fathers” is a synecdoche for all ancestors. Alternate translation: “ancestors” or “ancestral fathers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
835	GEN	15	15	m38i			0	you will be buried in a good old age	“you will be very old when you die and your family buries your body”
836	GEN	15	16	t8tm			0	In the fourth generation	Here one generation refers to a lifespan of 100 years. “After four hundred years”
837	GEN	15	16	kgu5			0	they will come here again	“your descendants will come back here.” Abraham’s descendants would come to the land where Abram was then living, the land that Yahweh had promised to give to him.
838	GEN	15	16	dfh5			0	has not yet reached its limit	“is not yet complete” or “will get much worse before I punish them”
839	GEN	15	17	bak2			0	behold	The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
840	GEN	15	17	dq6q			0	a smoking fire pot and a flaming torch passed between the pieces	God did this to show Abram that he was making a covenant with him.
841	GEN	15	17	b8ea			0	passed between the pieces	“passed through between the two rows of animal pieces”
842	GEN	15	18	jca2			0	covenant	In this covenant God promises to bless Abram, and he will continue to bless him as long as Abram follows him.
843	GEN	15	18	n51q			0	I hereby give this land	By saying this, God was giving the land to Abram’s descendants. God was doing this then, but the descendants would not go into the land until many years later.
844	GEN	15	19	z53u	translate-names		0	the Kenites, the Kenizzites, the Kadmonites	These are the names of groups of people who lived in that land. God would allow Abraham’s descendants to conquer these people and take their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
845	GEN	15	20	s5a4	translate-names		0	the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Rephaites	These are the names of groups of people who lived in that land. God would allow Abraham’s descendants to conquer these people and take their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
846	GEN	15	21	x8uz	translate-names		0	the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Girgashites, and the Jebusites	These are the names of groups of people who lived in that land. God would allow Abraham’s descendants to conquer these people and take their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
847	GEN	16	intro	hcf5			0		# Genesis 16 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 16:11-12.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Plural marriage<br>Abram married Hagar while he was also married to Sarai. Even though Abram had his wife’s permission, this was an immoral and sinful action. It also showed a lack of faith in God. Sarai quickly became jealous of Hagar. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
848	GEN	16	1	g63i	writing-background		0	Now	This word is used in English to introduce a new part of the story and background information about Sarai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
849	GEN	16	1	qvt5			0	female servant	“slave-girl.” This type of slave would serve the woman of the household.
850	GEN	16	2	mi22			0	from having children	“from giving birth to children”
851	GEN	16	2	g7pn			0	I will have children by her	“I will build my family through her”
852	GEN	16	2	d65g			0	Abram listened to the voice of Sarai	“Abram did what Sarai said”
853	GEN	16	4	r8xr			0	she looked with contempt on her mistress	“she despised her mistress” or “she thought that she was more valuable than her mistress”
854	GEN	16	4	n3w5			0	her mistress	Here this refers to Sarai. A mistress has authority over her slave. Alternate translation: “her owner” or “Sarai”
855	GEN	16	5	zy8r			0	This wrong on me	“This injustice against me”
856	GEN	16	5	cs17			0	is because of you	“is your responsibility” or “is your fault”
857	GEN	16	5	pg3a	figs-euphemism		0	I gave my servant woman into your embrace	Sarai used the word “embrace” here to refer to him sleeping with her. Alternate translation: “I gave you my servant so that you would sleep with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
858	GEN	16	5	da2j	figs-activepassive		0	I was despised in her eyes	This can be active. Alternate translation: “she hated me” or “she began to hate me” or “she thought she was better than me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
859	GEN	16	5	yn9x			0	Let Yahweh judge between me and you	“I want Yahweh to say whether this is my fault or your fault” or “I want Yahweh to decide which one of us is right.” The phrase “to judge between” means to decide which person is right in a dispute between them.
860	GEN	16	6	xrl3			0	See here	“Listen to me” or “Pay attention”
861	GEN	16	6	dgm6			0	in your power	“under your authority”
862	GEN	16	6	j5i9			0	Sarai dealt harshly with her	“Sarai treated Hagar very badly”
863	GEN	16	6	t433			0	she fled from her	“Hagar fled from Sarai”
864	GEN	16	7	e27g			0	The angel of Yahweh	Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or (2) this was one of Yahweh’s angels or (3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “the angel of Yahweh” using the normal word that you use for “angel.”
865	GEN	16	7	w6d6			0	wilderness	The wilderness area she went to was a desert. Alternate translation: “desert”
866	GEN	16	7	y62e			0	Shur	This was the name of a place south of Canaan and east of Egypt.
867	GEN	16	8	mk7v			0	my mistress	Here this refers to Sarai. A mistress has authority over her slave. See how “her mistress” is translated in [Genesis 16:4](../16/04.md). Alternate translation: “my owner”
868	GEN	16	9	rqm5			0	The angel of Yahweh said to her	“The angel of Yahweh said to Hagar”
869	GEN	16	9	r9gt			0	your mistress	Sarai. See how “her mistress” is translated in [Genesis 16:4](../16/04.md).
870	GEN	16	10	km4g			0	the angel of Yahweh	See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](../16/07.md).
871	GEN	16	10	aa1h			0	the angel of Yahweh said to her, “I	When he said “I,” he was referring to Yahweh. When translating what is in the quote, do it as the angel of Yahweh did and use the word “I” when referring to Yahweh.
872	GEN	16	10	xr66			0	I will greatly multiply your descendants	“I will give you very many descendants”
873	GEN	16	10	sn9f			0	too numerous to count	“so many that no one will be able to count them”
874	GEN	16	11	ee9v			0	The angel of Yahweh	See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](../16/07.md).
875	GEN	16	11	mj7q			0	Behold	“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention”
876	GEN	16	11	qqh8			0	bear a son	“give birth to a son”
877	GEN	16	11	t29c			0	you will call his name	“you will name him.” The word “you” refers to Hagar.
878	GEN	16	11	x6x4			0	Ishmael, because Yahweh has heard	Translators may add a footnote that says “The name ‘Ishmael’ means ‘God has heard.’”
879	GEN	16	11	xmm5			0	affliction	She has been afflicted by distress and suffering.
880	GEN	16	12	rpu1	figs-metaphor		0	He will be a wild donkey of a man	This was not an insult. It may mean that Ishmael would be independent and strong like a wild donkey. Alternate translation: “He will be like a wild donkey among men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
881	GEN	16	12	vyt4			0	He will be hostile against every man	“He will be every man’s enemy”
882	GEN	16	12	j1p2			0	every man will be hostile to him	“everyone will be his enemy”
883	GEN	16	12	q8j2			0	he will live apart from	This can also mean “he will live in hostility with.”
884	GEN	16	12	ihy3			0	his brothers	“his relatives” or “the other members of his family”
885	GEN	16	13	t9b6			0	Yahweh who spoke to her	“Yahweh, because he spoke to her”
886	GEN	16	13	jsy3	figs-rquestion		0	Do I really continue to see,…me?	Hagar used this rhetorical question to express her amazement that she was still alive even after she met God. People expected that if they met God, they would die. Here seeing represents living. Alternate translation: “I am surprised that I am still alive,…me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
887	GEN	16	14	ez2d	translate-names		0	Therefore the well was called Beer Lahai Roi	Translators may add a footnote that says “Beer Lahai Roi means ‘the well of the living one who sees me.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
888	GEN	16	14	c8h8	translate-names		0	behold, it is between Kadesh and Bered	The word “behold” here draws attention to the fact that the well was in a place that the author and his readers knew. Alternate translation: “in fact, it is between Kadesh and Bered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
889	GEN	16	15	x6tu	figs-explicit		0	Hagar gave birth	Hagar’s return to Sarai and Abram is implict. You can make this more explicit. Alternate translation: “So Hagar went back and gave birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
890	GEN	16	15	g9my			0	named his son, whom Hagar bore	“named his son by Hagar” or “named his and Hagar’s son”
891	GEN	16	16	cdy2	writing-background		0	Abram was	This introduces background information about Abram’s age when these things happened. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
892	GEN	16	16	e7x4			0	bore Ishmael to Abram	This means “gave birth to Abram’s son, Ishmael.” The focus is on Abram having a son.
893	GEN	17	intro	ry14			0		# Genesis 17 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “The father of a multitude of nations”<br>Abram came to have many descendants. He had so many descendants that many of his immediate descendants became large people groups and nations.<br><br>### God’s covenant with Abraham<br><br>God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. It is important to note in this chapter that Isaac is the son who receives the promises associated with the covenant and not Ishmael. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br><br>### Circumcision<br>Circumcision was an unusual practice in the ancient Near East. It served to separate the Hebrew people from the rest of the world. This chapter records the beginning of this practice among Abraham and his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])<br><br>### Name change<br>In Scripture, a change in name always occurs at a highly significant point in a person’s life. The beginning of the practice of circumcision was a significant event in the history of the Hebrew people.
894	GEN	17	1	e289			0	When Abram was ninety-nine years old	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
895	GEN	17	1	j61v			0	God Almighty	“the all-powerful God” or “the God who has all power”
896	GEN	17	1	cp7w	figs-metaphor		0	Walk before me	Walking is a metaphor for living, and “before me” or “in my presence” here is a metaphor for obedience. Alternate translation: “Live the way I want you to” or “Obey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
897	GEN	17	2	e6dj			0	Then I will confirm	“If you do this, then I will confirm”
898	GEN	17	2	n6qi			0	I will confirm my covenant	“I will give my covenant” or “I will make my covenant”
899	GEN	17	2	x3wu			0	covenant	In this covenant God promises to bless Abram, but he also requires Abram to obey him.
900	GEN	17	2	qt2p	figs-idiom		0	multiply you exceedingly	Here “multiply you” is an idiom that means he will give him more descendants. Alternate translation: “greatly increase the number of your descendants” or “give you very many descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
901	GEN	17	3	m64l			0	Abram bowed low with his face to the ground	“Abram threw himself face down on the ground” or “Abraham immediately lay down with his face to the ground.” He did this to show that he respected God and would obey him.
902	GEN	17	4	j6m4			0	As for me	God used this phrase to introduce what he would do for Abram as part of his covenant with Abram.
903	GEN	17	4	x8l2			0	behold, my covenant is with you	The word “behold” here says that what comes next is certain: “my covenant is certainly with you.”
904	GEN	17	4	x5p4			0	the father of a multitude of nations	“the father of a great number of nations” or “the one after whom many nations name themselves”
905	GEN	17	6	qgt7			0	I will make you exceedingly fruitful	“I will cause you to have very many descendants”
906	GEN	17	6	z2ge			0	I will make nations of you	“I will cause your descendants to become nations”
907	GEN	17	6	u97r			0	kings will descend from you	“among your descendants there will be kings” or “some of your descendants will be kings”
908	GEN	17	7	qx71			0	General Information:	God continues speaking to Abraham.
909	GEN	17	7	nr7x			0	throughout their generations	“for each generation”
910	GEN	17	7	pbe9			0	for an everlasting covenant	“as a covenant that will last forever”
911	GEN	17	7	pr1d			0	to be God to you and to your descendants after you	“to be your God and your descendants’ God” or “covenant”
912	GEN	17	8	hur8			0	Canaan, for an everlasting possession	“Canaan, as an everlasting possession” or “Canaan, to possess forever”
913	GEN	17	9	x9sd			0	As for you	God uses this phrase to introduce what Abram would have to do as part of God’s covenant with him.
914	GEN	17	9	x8a9			0	keep my covenant	“observe my covenant” or “honor my covenant” or “obey my covenant”
915	GEN	17	10	jn4e			0	This is my covenant	“This is a requirement of my covenant” or “This is part of my covenant.” This sentence introduces the part of the covenant that Abram must do.
916	GEN	17	10	ib6l	figs-activepassive		0	Every male among you must be circumcised	This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “You must circumcise every male among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
917	GEN	17	10	xjr3			0	Every male	This refers to human males.
918	GEN	17	11	j6pm	figs-euphemism		0	You must be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin	Some communities may prefer a less descriptive expression such as “You must be circumcised.” If your translation of “be circumcised” already includes the word for “foreskin”, you do not need to repeat it. This can be made active. Alternate translation: “You must circumcise every male among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
919	GEN	17	11	i3l8			0	the sign of the covenant	“the sign that shows that the covenant exists”
920	GEN	17	11	s7vs			0	the sign	Possible meanings are (1) “the sign” or (2) “a sign.” The first means that there was one sign, and the second means that there may have been more than one sign. Here the word “sign” means a reminder of something that God had promised.
921	GEN	17	12	t92x			0	General Information:	God continues speaking to Abraham.
922	GEN	17	12	xpc8			0	Every male	“Every human male”
923	GEN	17	12	ev7m			0	throughout your people’s generations	“in every generation”
924	GEN	17	12	ed5x	figs-activepassive		0	him who is bought with money	This refers to slaves. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “any male that you buy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
925	GEN	17	13	fim6	figs-activepassive		0	my covenant will be in your flesh	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will mark my covenant in your flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
926	GEN	17	13	ea1n			0	for an everlasting covenant	“as a permanent covenant.” Because it was marked in flesh, no one could easily erase it.
927	GEN	17	14	lpi7	figs-activepassive		0	uncircumcised male who is not circumcised	This can be stated in active form, and you may leave out words that will give wrong meaning in your language. Alternate translation: “male whom you have not circumcised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
928	GEN	17	14	any2			0	Any uncircumcised male…foreskin will be cut off from his people	Possible meanings are (1) “I will cut off any uncircumcised male…foreskin from his people” or (2) “I want you to cut off any uncircumcised male…foreskin from his people.”
929	GEN	17	14	pi4v	figs-euphemism		0	cut off from his people	Possible meanings are (1) “killed” or (2) “sent away from the community.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
930	GEN	17	14	e2n7			0	He has broken my covenant	“He has not obeyed the rules of my covenant.” This is the reason that he would be cut off from his people.
931	GEN	17	15	w67t			0	As for Sarai	The words “As for” introduce the next person God talks about.
932	GEN	17	16	fpk7			0	I will give you a son by her	“I will make her bear a son for you”
933	GEN	17	16	g1ax			0	she will become the mother of nations	“she will be the ancestor of many nations” or “her descendants will become nations”
934	GEN	17	16	tb49			0	Kings of peoples will come from her	“Kings of peoples will descend from her” or “Some of her descendants will be kings of peoples”
935	GEN	17	17	cx58			0	said in his heart	“thought to himself” or “said to himself silently”
936	GEN	17	17	s8rv	figs-rquestion		0	Can a child be born to a man who is a hundred years old?	Abraham used this rhetorical question because he did not believe that this could happen. Alternate translation: “Surely a man who is a hundred years old cannot father a child!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
937	GEN	17	17	ewn1	figs-rquestion		0	How can Sarah, who is ninety years old, bear a son?	Again Abraham used a rhetorical question because he did not believe this could happen. The phrase “who is ninety years old” tells why Abraham did not believe that Sarah could bear a son. Alternate translation: “Sarah is ninety years old. Could she bear a son?” or “Sarah is ninety years old. Surely she could not bear a son!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
938	GEN	17	18	bc1n			0	Oh that Ishmael might live before you	“Please let Ishmael inherit the covenant that you have made with me” or “Perhaps Ishmael could receive your covenant blessing.” Abraham suggested something that he believed really could happen.
939	GEN	17	19	q8lt			0	No, but Sarah your wife will bear	God said this to correct Abraham’s belief that Sarah could not have a son.
940	GEN	17	19	u9hq			0	you must name him	The word “you” refers to Abraham.
941	GEN	17	20	l6cf			0	As for Ishmael	The words “As for” show that God is switching from talking about the baby that would be born to talking about Ishmael.
942	GEN	17	20	fvb5			0	Behold	“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
943	GEN	17	20	e3g9	figs-idiom		0	will make him fruitful	This is an idiom that means “will cause him to have many children.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
944	GEN	17	20	y6m2			0	will multiply him abundantly	“I will cause him to have many descendants”
945	GEN	17	20	ga2d			0	princes	“chiefs” or “rulers.” Ishmael’s twelve sons are different from the twelve sons of Jacob who were the fathers of the twelve tribes of Israel.
946	GEN	17	21	rwv4			0	But my covenant I will establish with Isaac	God returns to talking about his covenant with Abraham and emphasizes that he would fulfill his promise with Isaac, not with Ishmael.
947	GEN	17	22	m8vf			0	When he had finished talking with him	“When God had finished talking with Abraham”
948	GEN	17	22	sw9y			0	God went up from Abraham	“God left Abraham”
949	GEN	17	23	nxp3			0	every male among the men of Abraham’s household	“every human male in Abraham’s household” or “every male person in Abraham’s household.” It refers to human males of all ages: babies, boys, and men.
950	GEN	17	27	rgk6			0	including those born into the household and those bought with money from a foreigner	“This includes those who were born in his household and those he had bought from foreigners”
951	GEN	17	27	a2ym			0	those bought with money from a foreigner	This refers to servants or slaves.
952	GEN	17	27	xq3b	figs-activepassive		0	those bought	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom he had bought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
953	GEN	18	intro	ky5w			0		# Genesis 18 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Three men<br>The three men who visited Abraham were probably angels. This is evident from Abraham’s reaction to them. Also, it appears Abraham knew that he was speaking directly to Yahweh through these men. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/angel]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Disbelief<br>When Sarah heard the news that she was going to have a baby, she laughed in disbelief because she was considered too old to have a baby. She also asked a rhetorical question in order to further show her disbelief. This would have been considered an insult to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>In his exchange with God, Abraham did not show any sign of unbelief. Instead, he is asking God for mercy because he trusted in the character of God. He does not question God’s power to accomplish things as Sarah had done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Sarah’s age<br><br>It should be apparent that Sarah was physically no longer able to have children because of her age. There is a natural period in a woman’s life when she stops being able to have children. The text assumes the reader understands that Sarah has already experienced this event. In English, this is called “menopause.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
954	GEN	18	1	a3at			0	Mamre	This was the name of the man who owned the oak trees.
955	GEN	18	1	ra4w			0	in the tent doorway	“at the opening of the tent” or “at the entrance of the tent”
956	GEN	18	1	u27f			0	heat of the day	“hottest time of day”
957	GEN	18	2	t35m			0	He looked up and, behold, he saw three men standing	“He looked up and saw, and behold, three men were standing”
958	GEN	18	2	m2pv			0	behold, he saw	“he was surprised because he saw”
959	GEN	18	2	xd3c			0	across from him	“nearby” or “there.” They were near him, but far enough away for him to run to them.
960	GEN	18	2	ygs8			0	bowed	This means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone.
961	GEN	18	3	cj7j			0	Lord	This is a title of respect. Possible meanings are (1) Abraham knew that one of these men was God or (2) Abraham knew that these men came on behalf of God.
962	GEN	18	3	s5jg	figs-idiom		0	if I have found favor in your sight	Here “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that the Lord is pleased with him, and “your sight” is a metaphor representing the Lord’s evaluation. Alternate translation: “if you have evaluated me and approve” or “if you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
963	GEN	18	3	i86z	figs-you		0	in your sight	Abraham is speaking to one of the men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
964	GEN	18	3	ie2s			0	do not pass by	“please do not keep on going past”
965	GEN	18	3	s6nr			0	your servant	“me.” Abraham refers to himself this way in order to show respect to his guest.
966	GEN	18	4	cs93	figs-activepassive		0	Let a little water be brought	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let me bring you some water” or “My servant will bring you some water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
967	GEN	18	4	r83u			0	a little water	“some water.” Saying “little” was a polite way of showing generosity. Abraham would give them more than enough water.
968	GEN	18	4	c7uk			0	wash your feet	This custom helped tired travelers to refresh themselves after walking long distances.
969	GEN	18	5	p5cn			0	a little food	“some food.” Saying “little” was a polite way of showing generosity. Abraham would give them more than enough food.
970	GEN	18	5	rmc5	figs-you		0	your…you	Abraham speaks to all three of the men, so “you” and “your” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
971	GEN	18	6	gl4c	translate-bvolume		0	three seahs	about 22 liters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
972	GEN	18	6	sbt6			0	bread	This bread was probably cooked quickly on a hot stone. It may have been flat or round like small loaves or rolls.
973	GEN	18	7	s4v8			0	he hurried	“the servant hurried”
974	GEN	18	7	hp5s			0	to prepare it	“to cut it up and roast it”
975	GEN	18	8	k6lz			0	curds	This refers to the solid part of fermented milk. It may have been yogurt or cheese.
976	GEN	18	8	c4vs			0	the calf that had been prepared	“the roasted calf”
977	GEN	18	8	pp29			0	before them	“before the three visitors”
978	GEN	18	9	eq6d			0	They said to him	“Then they said to Abraham”
979	GEN	18	10	gg9j			0	He said, “I will certainly return to you	The word “He” refers to the man whom Abraham called “Lord” in [Genesis 18:3](../18/03.md).
980	GEN	18	10	iwn6			0	in the springtime	“when this same season comes next year” or “about this time next year”
981	GEN	18	10	aas2			0	see	The word “see” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
982	GEN	18	10	qvh9			0	in the tent doorway	“at the opening of the tent” or “at the entrance of the tent”
983	GEN	18	12	u12x	figs-rquestion		0	After I am worn-out and my master is old, will I now have this pleasure?	You may want to add “of having a baby.” Sarah used this rhetorical question because she did not believe that she could have a child. Alternate translation: “I cannot believe that I will experience the joy of having a child. My master is also too old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
984	GEN	18	12	m2nn			0	my master is old	This means “since my husband is also old.”
985	GEN	18	12	qrv3			0	my master	This is a title of respect that Sarah gave to her husband Abraham.
986	GEN	18	13	dfs6	figs-rquestion		0	Why did Sarah laugh and say, ‘Will I really bear a child, when I am old’?	God used this rhetorical question to show that he knew what Sarah was thinking and that he was not pleased with it. He repeats Sarah’s rhetorical question ([Genesis 18:12](../18/12.md)) using different words. Alternate translation: “Sarah was wrong to laugh and say, ‘I will not bear a child because I am too old!’”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
987	GEN	18	14	i13f	figs-123person		0	Is anything too hard for Yahweh?	“Is there anything that Yahweh cannot do?” Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were speaking of someone else to remind Abraham that he, Yahweh, is great and can do anything. Alternate translation: “There is nothing that I, Yahweh, cannot do!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
988	GEN	18	14	rd96			0	At the time appointed by me, in the spring	“At the time I have appointed, which is in the spring”
989	GEN	18	15	fc88			0	Then Sarah denied it and said	“The Sarah denied it by saying”
990	GEN	18	15	c49f			0	He replied	“Yahweh replied”
991	GEN	18	15	pq5b			0	No, you did laugh	“Yes, you did laugh.” This means “No, that is not true; you did in fact laugh.”
992	GEN	18	16	mtk2			0	to see them on their way	“to send them on their way” or “to say ‘Farewell’ to them.” It was polite to go some distance with guests as they were leaving.
993	GEN	18	17	z943	figs-rquestion		0	Should I hide from Abraham what I am about to do	God used this rhetorical question to say that he was going to talk to Abraham about something very important and that it was best for him to do so. Alternate translation: “I should not and will not hide from Abraham what I am about to do” or “I should and will tell Abraham what I am about to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
994	GEN	18	18	e6qk	figs-rquestion		0		The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Should I hide” in verse 17 ends here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
995	GEN	18	18	h854	figs-rquestion		0	since Abraham…in him?	The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Should I hide” in verse 17 ends here. God uses this rhetorical question to say that he was going to talk to Abraham about something very important and that it was best for him to do so. “I should not and will not hide…since Abraham in him.” or “I should and will tell…since Abraham in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
996	GEN	18	18	q36h			0	since…him?	“This is because…him”
997	GEN	18	18	e9uw	figs-activepassive		0	all the nations of the earth will be blessed in him	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will bless all the nations of the earth through Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
998	GEN	18	18	i8b1			0	will be blessed in him	“will be blessed because of Abraham” or “will be blessed because I have blessed Abraham.” For translating “in him” see how you translated “through you” in [Genesis 12:3](../12/03.md).
999	GEN	18	19	pxl9			0	that he may instruct	“that he will direct” or “so that he will command”
1000	GEN	18	19	cwm4	figs-123person		0	to keep the way of Yahweh…Yahweh may bring…he has said	Yahweh is speaking about himself as if he were another person. Alternate translation: “to obey what I, Yahweh, require…I, Yahweh, may bring…I have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1001	GEN	18	19	ny3x			0	to keep the way of Yahweh	“to obey the commands of Yahweh”
1002	GEN	18	19	f8f7			0	to do righteousness and justice	“by doing righteousness and justice.” This tells how to keep the way of Yahweh.
1003	GEN	18	19	v4z4			0	so that Yahweh may bring upon Abraham what he has said to him	“so that Yahweh may bless Abraham just as he said he would.” This refers to the covenant promise to bless Abraham and make him a great nation.
1004	GEN	18	20	m237	figs-abstractnouns		0	the outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is so great	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “outcry” is expressed as the verb “accuse.” Alternate translation: “so many people have been accusing the people of Sodom and Gomorrah of doing evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1005	GEN	18	20	jp1b			0	their sin is so serious	“they have sinned so much”
1006	GEN	18	21	fb8x			0	I will now go down there	“I will now go down to Sodom and Gomorrah”
1007	GEN	18	21	lki8			0	go down there and see	“go down there to find out” or “go down there to decide”
1008	GEN	18	21	vp7m	figs-abstractnouns		0	see the outcry…that has come to me	Yahweh speaks as if he knew about this matter because he had heard the cries and accusations coming from the people who had suffered. This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “outcry” is expressed as the verb “accuse.” Alternate translation: “as wicked as those who are accusing them say that they are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1009	GEN	18	21	vp4d			0	If not	“If they are not as wicked as the outcry suggests”
1010	GEN	18	22	ms2h			0	turned from there	“went out from Abraham’s camp”
1011	GEN	18	22	yxr6			0	Abraham remained standing before Yahweh	“Abraham and Yahweh remained together”
1012	GEN	18	23	b62y			0	approached and said	“approached Yahweh and said” or “stepped closer to Yahweh and said”
1013	GEN	18	23	g5he	figs-metaphor		0	sweep away	Abraham speaks of destroying people as if it were sweeping dirt with a broom. Alternate translation: “destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1014	GEN	18	23	awu4			0	the righteous with the wicked	“the righteous people with the wicked people”
1015	GEN	18	24	pb7k			0	General Information:	Abraham continues talking to Yahweh.
1016	GEN	18	24	h4eu			0	Perhaps there are	“Suppose there are”
1017	GEN	18	24	dz9j	figs-rquestion		0	Will you sweep it away and not spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous that are there?	Abraham was hoping that Yahweh would say, “I will not sweep it away.” Alternate translation: “I think you would not sweep it away. Instead, you would spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous that are there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1018	GEN	18	24	h8ks	figs-metaphor		0	sweep it away	“destroy it.” Abraham speaks of destroying people as if it were sweeping dirt with a broom. Alternate translation: “destroy the people who live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1019	GEN	18	24	qq2a			0	not spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous that are there?	Abraham was hoping that God would say “I will spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous people there.”
1020	GEN	18	24	d8ui			0	spare the place	“let the people live”
1021	GEN	18	24	zj59			0	for the sake of	“because of”
1022	GEN	18	25	rj5a	figs-idiom		0	Far be it from you to do such a thing	Here “Far be it from you” is an idiom that means the person should never do something like that. Alternate translation: “I would never want you to do something like that” or “You should not want to do something like that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1023	GEN	18	25	re6w			0	such a thing, killing	“such a thing as killing” or “such a thing, that is, killing”
1024	GEN	18	25	hqx8	figs-activepassive		0	the righteous should be treated the same as the wicked	This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “you should treat the righteous the same way you treat the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1025	GEN	18	25	m329	figs-rquestion		0	Will not the Judge of all the earth do what is just?	Abraham used this rhetorical question to say what he expected God to do. Alternate translation: “The Judge of all the earth will certainly do what is just!” or “Since you are the Judge of all the earth, you will surely do what is right!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1026	GEN	18	25	de6w			0	Judge	God is often referred to as a judge because he is the one perfect judge who makes the final decisions about what is right or wrong.
1027	GEN	18	27	dsz4			0	Look	The phrase “Look” here draws attention to the surprising information that follows.
1028	GEN	18	27	fax5			0	I have undertaken to speak	“Pardon me for being so bold as to speak to you” or “Excuse me for daring to speak”
1029	GEN	18	27	snd3	figs-123person		0	to my Lord	Abraham shows his respect to Yahweh by speaking to Yahweh as if he were speaking to someone else. Alternate translation: “to you, my Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1030	GEN	18	27	ew9k	figs-metaphor		0	only dust and ashes	This metaphor describes Abraham as a human being, who will die and whose body will turn into to dust and ashes. Alternate translation: “only a mortal man” or “as unimportant as dust and ashes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1031	GEN	18	28	ln28			0	five less than fifty righteous	“only forty-five righteous people”
1032	GEN	18	28	zqs7			0	for lack of five	“if there are five fewer righteous people”
1033	GEN	18	28	n8tk			0	I will not destroy it	“I will not destroy Sodom”
1034	GEN	18	29	uj4n			0	He spoke to him	“Abraham spoke to Yahweh”
1035	GEN	18	29	hah3	figs-activepassive		0	if there are forty found there	This can be translated in active form. You may have to fill in the ellipsis, “righteous people.” Alternate translation: “if you find forty righteous people there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1036	GEN	18	29	y28t	figs-ellipsis		0	for the forty’s sake	“for the sake of the forty” or “if I find forty there.” You may have to fill in the ellipsis, “righteous people.” Alternate translation: “for the sake of the forty righteous people” or “if I find forty righteous people there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1037	GEN	18	29	nup9			0	He replied	“Yahweh answered”
1038	GEN	18	29	tyh3			0	I will not do it for the forty’s sake	“I will not destroy the cities if I find forty righteous people there”
1039	GEN	18	30	vk5m	figs-activepassive		0	thirty will be found there	This can be translated in active form. You may have to fill in the ellipsis, “righteous people.” Alternate translation: “you will find thirty righteous people there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1040	GEN	18	31	kep9			0	Look	The phrase “Look” here draws attention to the surprising information that follows.
1041	GEN	18	31	e1em			0	I have undertaken to speak	“Pardon me for being so bold as to speak to you” or “Excuse me for daring to speak.” See how this is translated in [Genesis 18:27](../18/27.md).
1042	GEN	18	31	un9p	figs-activepassive		0	twenty will be found there	This can be translated in active form. You may have to fill in the ellipsis, “righteous people.” Alternate translation: “you will find twenty righteous people there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1043	GEN	18	31	s4zn	figs-ellipsis		0	for the twenty’s sake	“for the sake of the twenty” or “if I find twenty there.” You may have to fill in the ellipsis, “righteous people.” Alternate translation: “for the sake of the twenty righteous people” or “if I find twenty righteous people there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1044	GEN	18	32	a6tx			0	Perhaps ten will be found there	“Perhaps you will find ten righteous people there”
1045	GEN	18	32	q1p9			0	Perhaps ten	“Perhaps ten righteous people” or “ten good people”
1046	GEN	18	32	ak2y			0	Then he said	“And Yahweh answered”
1047	GEN	18	32	d335			0	for the ten’s sake	“if I find ten righteous people there”
1048	GEN	18	33	wum8	figs-idiom		0	Yahweh went on his way	Here “went on his way” is an idiom that means he left, or he continued his journey. Yahweh appeared to Abraham in human form as a traveler. Alternate translation: “Yahweh departed” or “Yahweh continued on his journey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1049	GEN	19	intro	hb2x			0		# Genesis 19 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The evil desires of the Sodomites<br>The men of Sodom desired to forcibly have sexual relations with the angels who came to the city appearing as men. Such action is known as “rape.” Their desire was viewed as especially evil because Lot was obligated to protect his guests at all costs, even that of sacrificing his own children for his guests. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>### Hospitality<br>Hospitality, or being kind to a visitor, was very important in the Ancient Near East. Lot showed his guests loyalty by doing his utmost to protect them from the people of Sodom.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Contrasts<br>It is probable that Abraham’s faith and actions in chapter 18 are intended to contrast with the actions of the worldly Sodomites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
1050	GEN	19	1	uh7h			0	The two angels	The two men who have gone to Sodom ([Genesis 18:22](../18/22.md)) are really angels.
1051	GEN	19	1	b4sb			0	the gate of Sodom	“the entrance to the city of Sodom.” The city had a wall around it, and people had to go through a gate to get into it. This was a very important place in a city. Important people often spent time there.
1052	GEN	19	1	ny92			0	bowed down with his face to the ground	He put his knees on the ground then touched his forehead and nose to the ground.
1053	GEN	19	2	t9qp			0	my masters	This was a term of respect Lot used for the angels.
1054	GEN	19	2	egr4			0	I urge you to turn aside into your servant’s house	“Please come and stay in your servant’s house”
1055	GEN	19	2	w78p	figs-123person		0	your servant’s house	Lot refers to himself as their servant in order to show them respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1056	GEN	19	2	sp4m			0	wash your feet	People liked to wash their feet after traveling.
1057	GEN	19	2	sb2f			0	rise up early	“wake up early”
1058	GEN	19	2	a65m	figs-exclusive		0	we will spend the night	When the two angels said this, they were referring only to themselves, not to Lot. The two of them planned to spend the night in the square. Some languages would use the exclusive form of “we” here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1059	GEN	19	2	r62b			0	town square	This is a public, outdoor place in the town.
1060	GEN	19	3	vnk8			0	they went with him	“they turned and went with him”
1061	GEN	19	4	lc42			0	before they lay down	“before the people in Lot’s house lay down to go to sleep”
1062	GEN	19	4	iw1t			0	the men of the city, the men of Sodom	“the men of the city, that is, the men of Sodom” or just “the men of the city of Sodom”
1063	GEN	19	4	gyq4			0	the house	“Lot’s house”
1064	GEN	19	4	vqe5			0	both young and old	“from the youngest to the oldest.” This means “men of all ages” and refers to the men of Sodom who were surrounding Lot’s house.
1065	GEN	19	5	cu4h			0	that came in to you	“that went into your house”
1066	GEN	19	5	jfu1	figs-euphemism		0	we may know them	These words literally mean “we may know who they are,” but the men meant them as a euphemism for “we may have sexual relations with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1067	GEN	19	6	k84s			0	after himself	“behind him” or “after he went through”
1068	GEN	19	7	tg28			0	I beg you, my brothers	“I plead with you, my brothers”
1069	GEN	19	7	s55m	figs-idiom		0	my brothers	Lot spoke in a friendly way to the men of the city hoping that they would listen to him. Alternate translation: “my friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1070	GEN	19	7	ur1w			0	do not act so wickedly	“do not do something so wicked” or “do not do such a wicked thing”
1071	GEN	19	8	bc5c			0	Look	“Pay attention” or “Look here”
1072	GEN	19	8	pb1n	figs-euphemism		0	who have not known any man	This is a polite way of saying that the daughters had not had sexual relations with any man. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. See how you translated similar words in [Genesis 4:1](../04/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1073	GEN	19	8	jn4w			0	whatever is good in your eyes	“whatever you desire” or “whatever you think is right”
1074	GEN	19	8	nig7	figs-synecdoche		0	under the shadow of my roof	The two men were guests in Lot’s home, so he needed to protect them. The word “roof” is a synecdoche for the whole house and a metaphor for Lot protecting them. Alternate translation: “into my house, and God expects me to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1075	GEN	19	9	k7mf			0	Stand back!	“Step aside!” or “Get out of our way!”
1076	GEN	19	9	sgx9			0	This one came here to live as a foreigner	“This one came here as an outsider” or “This foreigner came to live here”
1077	GEN	19	9	ym7y			0	This one	“Lot.” The men are speaking to each other. If this would be unclear in your language, you may have the men speak to Lot here, as in UST.
1078	GEN	19	9	c9uq	figs-idiom		0	and now	The speaker would not expect a foreigner to judge the people of that land. Alternate translation: “but even though he has no good reason to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1079	GEN	19	9	sa6c	figs-idiom		0	he has become our judge	Here “has become our judge” is an idiom that means Lot is acting as if he can tell the men what actions are right or wrong. Alternate translation: “he acts as if he has the authority to tell us what is right and what is wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1080	GEN	19	9	x79u			0	Now we	“Because you are telling us that what we are doing is wrong, we”
1081	GEN	19	9	xi8x	figs-idiom		0	we will deal worse with you than with them	The men are angry that Lot said, “Do not act so wickedly” ([Genesis 19:7](../19/07.md)), so they are threatening to act more wickedly than Lot had feared at first. Alternate translation: “we will act more wickedly with you than we will with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1082	GEN	19	9	gdw3			0	They pressed hard against the man, against Lot, and came near to break down the door	Possible meanings are (1) “They kept coming closer to the man, to Lot, until they were close enough to break down the door” or (2) they physically pushed Lot up against the wall or door of the house and were about to break the door down.
1083	GEN	19	9	q8f7			0	the man…Lot	This is two ways of referring to Lot.
1084	GEN	19	10	u4re			0	But the men	“But Lot’s two guests” or “But the two angels”
1085	GEN	19	10	ri1g	figs-explicit		0	the men reached out their hands and brought…them and shut	Your language may need to add that the men opened the door first. Alternate translation: ‘the men opened the door far enough so they could reach out their hands and pull…them, and then they shut” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1086	GEN	19	11	urq7	figs-metaphor		0	Lot’s visitors struck with blindness the men	The phrase “struck with blindness” is a metaphor; the visitors did not physically hit the men. Alternate translation: “Lot’s visitors blinded the men” or “they took away their sight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1087	GEN	19	11	kg3g	figs-merism		0	both young and old	“men of all ages.” This merism emphasizes that the visitors blinded all the men. This could indicate social standing rather than age. Alternate translation: “both small and great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1088	GEN	19	12	zat4			0	Then the men said	“Then the two men said” or “Then the angels said”
1089	GEN	19	12	pl2x			0	Do you have anyone else here?	“Are there any other members of your family in the city?” or “Do you have any other family members in this place?”
1090	GEN	19	12	k1l8			0	whoever you have in the city	“any other members of your family living in this city”
1091	GEN	19	13	zq54	figs-exclusive		0	we are about to destroy	The word “we” here is exclusive. Only the two angels would destroy the city; Lot would not destroy it. If your language has an exclusive form of “we,” use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1092	GEN	19	13	q8rc	figs-abstractnouns		0	the accusations against it before Yahweh have become so loud	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “accusations” is expressed as a verb. See how similar words are translated in [Genesis 18:20](../18/20.md). Alternate translation: “so many people have been telling Yahweh that the people of this city are doing evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1093	GEN	19	14	pd6h			0	Lot went out	“So Lot left the house”
1094	GEN	19	14	cb3j	figs-parallelism		0	his sons-in-law, the men who had promised to marry his daughters	The phrase “the men who had promised to marry his daughters” explains what “sons-in-law” means here. Alternate translation: “the men who were going to marry his daughters” or “his daughters’ fiancés” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1095	GEN	19	15	ch9a			0	When the morning dawned	“Just before the sun came up”
1096	GEN	19	15	r4pf			0	Get going	“Go now”
1097	GEN	19	15	ta9n	figs-activepassive		0	you are not swept away in the punishment of the city	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so Yahweh does not also destroy you when he punishes the people of this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1098	GEN	19	15	nd8n	figs-metaphor		0	not swept away in the punishment	God destroying the people of the city is spoken of as if a person were sweeping away dust. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1099	GEN	19	15	s4jw	figs-metonymy		0	of the city	Here “city” stands for the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1100	GEN	19	16	jp9l			0	But he lingered	“But Lot hesitated” or “But Lot did not start to leave”
1101	GEN	19	16	sa45			0	So the men grabbed	“So the two men grabbed” or “So the angels grabbed”
1102	GEN	19	16	jl9w			0	was merciful to him	“had compassion on Lot.” Yahweh is described as being “merciful” because he was sparing the lives of Lot and his family instead of destroying them when he destroyed the people of Sodom for the wrong they had done.
1103	GEN	19	17	z72f			0	When they had brought them out	“When the two men had brought Lot’s family out”
1104	GEN	19	17	is11	figs-idiom		0	Run for your lives!	This is a way of telling them to run so that they do not die. Alternate translation: “Run away and save your lives!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1105	GEN	19	17	wpz3	figs-ellipsis		0	Do not look back	The phrase “at the city” is understood. Alternate translation: “Do not look back at the city” or “Do not look back at Sodom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1106	GEN	19	17	hx63			0	on the plain	This means the plain of the Jordan River. This refers to the general region of the Jordan River.
1107	GEN	19	17	n2if	figs-ellipsis		0	so you are not swept away	It is understood that they would swept away with the people of the city. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “or else God will destroy you along with the people of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1108	GEN	19	17	c7y3	figs-metaphor		0	not swept away	God destroying the people of the city is spoken of as if a person were sweeping away dust. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1109	GEN	19	19	q7pm	figs-idiom		0	Your servant has found favor in your eyes	The phrase “found favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “You have been pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1110	GEN	19	19	zq9l	figs-123person		0	Your servant has	Lot was showing respect by referring to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “I, your servant, have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1111	GEN	19	19	hc7t	figs-abstractnouns		0	you have shown me great kindness in saving my life	The abstract noun “kindness” can be stated as “kind.” Alternate translation: “you have been very kind to me by saving my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1112	GEN	19	19	i5uv	figs-personification		0	I cannot escape to the mountains, because the disaster will overtake me, and I will die	Being unable to get far enough away from Sodom when God destroys the city is spoken of as if “disaster” is a person that will chase and catch up with Lot. Alternate translation: “My family and I will certainly die when God destroys the people of Sodom, because the mountains are too far away for us to get there safely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1113	GEN	19	19	q5le	figs-explicit		0	my life…I cannot escape…overtake me, and I will die	It is implied that Lot’s family would die along with him. Alternate translation: “our lives…we cannot escape…overtake us, and we will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1114	GEN	19	20	m8z1	figs-rquestion		0	let me escape there (is it not a little one?), and my life will be saved	Lot used this rhetorical question to get the angels to notice that the city really is a small one. Alternate translation: “let me escape there. You can see how small it is. If you let us go there we will live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1115	GEN	19	20	c93m	figs-explicit		0	let me escape there	Lot’s full request can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “instead of destroying that city, let me escape there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1116	GEN	19	20	yx21	figs-explicit		0	my life will be saved	It is implied that the lives of Lot’s family will be saved along with his. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that we will live” or “so that we will survive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1117	GEN	19	21	x14h			0	I am granting this request also	“I will do what you have asked”
1118	GEN	19	22	np4e	figs-explicit		0	cannot do anything	This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “cannot destroy the other cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1119	GEN	19	22	y7sj			0	Zoar	Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Zoar sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘little.’ Lot called this town ‘little’ in Genesis 19:20.”
1120	GEN	19	23	z84a	figs-explicit		0	The sun had risen upon the earth	“The sun had risen over the earth.” The phrase “upon the earth” can be left implicit as it is in the UST where it is not translated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1121	GEN	19	23	zhv3	figs-explicit		0	when Lot reached Zoar	It is implied that Lot’s family is with him. Alternate translation: “when Lot and his family arrived at Zoar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1122	GEN	19	24	f7cp	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh rained down upon Sodom and Gomorrah sulfur and fire from Yahweh out of the sky	The phrase “from Yahweh” stands for God’s power to cause the sulfur and fire to fall on the city. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused sulfur and fire to fall from the sky onto Sodom and Gomorrah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1123	GEN	19	24	c8se	figs-hendiadys		0	sulfur and fire	These two words are used together to describe one object. Alternate translation: “burning sulfur” or “fiery rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
1124	GEN	19	25	ubh2			0	those cities	This refers primarily to Sodom and Gomorrah, but also to three other towns.
1125	GEN	19	25	kx2i			0	the inhabitants of the cities	“the people who lived in the cities”
1126	GEN	19	26	pf2p			0	she became a pillar of salt	“she became like a statue of salt” or “her body became like a tall stone of salt.” Because she disobeyed the angel who told them not to look back at the city, God caused her to become something like a statue made out of rock salt.
1127	GEN	19	28	zp8y			0	behold	The word “behold” draws attention to the surprising information that follows.
1128	GEN	19	28	p62z	figs-simile		0	like the smoke of a furnace	This shows that it was a very large amount of smoke. Alternate translation: “like the smoke from a very large fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1129	GEN	19	29	vag9			0	General Information:	Verse 29 is a summary of this chapter.
1130	GEN	19	29	tj4d	figs-idiom		0	God called Abraham to mind	This tells why God rescued Lot. To “call to mind” is a way of saying “remember.” This does not imply that God forgot about Abraham. It means he considered Abraham and had mercy on him. Alternate translation: “God thought about Abraham and had mercy on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1131	GEN	19	29	h1uq			0	out of the midst of the destruction	“away from the destruction” or “away from danger”
1132	GEN	19	30	p16k			0	Lot went up from Zoar to live in the mountains	The phrase “went up from” is used because Lot went to a higher elevation in the mountains.
1133	GEN	19	31	me8w	figs-nominaladj		0	The firstborn…the younger	Here “firstborn” and “younger” are nominal adjectives that refer to Lot’s two daughters according to their birth order. Alternate translation: “Lot’s first daughter…Lot’s last daughter” or “The older daughter…the younger daughter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1134	GEN	19	31	xk1x	figs-euphemism		0	to lie with us	These words are a euphemism for sexual relations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1135	GEN	19	31	fm8h	figs-metonymy		0	according to the way of all the world	Here “the world” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “as people everywhere do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1136	GEN	19	32	tlh6	figs-explicit		0	drink wine	It can be made explicit that their goal was to get him drunk. Alternate translation: “drink wine until he gets drunk” or “get drunk with wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1137	GEN	19	32	cr2n	figs-euphemism		0	we will lie with him	To “lie with” someone is a euphemism for having sexual relations with that person. Alternate translation: “we will have sexual relations with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1138	GEN	19	32	j57q	figs-metaphor		0	so that we may extend our father’s line	This speaks about giving Lot descendants as if his family were a line that they are making longer. Alternate translation: “so that we can bear children who will be our father’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1139	GEN	19	33	ufz5	figs-euphemism		0	lay with her father	This is probably a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation:”had sexual relations with her father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1140	GEN	19	33	r7ai	figs-euphemism		0	when she lay down	Possible meanings are (1) these words are literal, a complement to “when she got up,” or (2) they are a euphemism for sexual relations. Alternate translation: “when she had sexual relations with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1141	GEN	19	34	pyk6			0	Let us make him drink wine…father’s line	See how you translated these phrases in [Genesis 19:32](./32.md).
1142	GEN	19	34	mb9p	figs-explicit		0	drink wine	It can be made explicit that their goal was to get him drunk. Alternate translation: “drink wine until he gets drunk” or “get drunk with wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1143	GEN	19	34	qf2v	figs-metaphor		0	so that we may extend our father’s line	This speaks about giving Lot descendants as if his family were a line that they are making longer. Alternate translation: “so that we can bear children who will be our father’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1144	GEN	19	35	hm3h			0	So they made…or when she got up	See how you translated similar phrases in [Genesis 19:33](./33.md).
1145	GEN	19	35	l4nj	figs-euphemism		0	lay with him	This is probably a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation:”had sexual relations with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1146	GEN	19	35	x62y	figs-euphemism		0	when she lay down	Possible meanings are (1) these words are literal, a complement to “when she got up,” or (2) they are a euphemism for sexual relations. See how these words are translated in [Genesis 19:33](../19/33.md). Alternate translation: “when she had sexual relations with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1147	GEN	19	36	bq86			0	were pregnant by their father	“became pregnant by their father” or “conceived children with their father”
1148	GEN	19	37	ur5a			0	He became	“He is”
1149	GEN	19	37	u4u4			0	the Moabites of today	“the Moab people who are now living”
1150	GEN	19	37	lre9			0	of today	The word “today” refers to the time when the author of Genesis was living. The author was born and wrote this many years after Lot’s family lived and died.
1151	GEN	19	38	tbc3	translate-names		0	Ben-Ammi	This is a male name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1152	GEN	19	38	kpi7			0	the people of Ammon	“the descendants of Ammon” or “the Ammon people”
1153	GEN	20	intro	m5j1			0		# Genesis 20 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “She is my sister”<br>Abraham was afraid the people of Gerar would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Sarah to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Abraham’s sister, they would have shown favor to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Irony<br>Abraham believed that the people of Gerar did not fear Yahweh, but when confronted by Yahweh, the king showed that he feared Yahweh. Instead, it was Abraham who did not show any fear of Yahweh when he sinned. This is irony. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
1154	GEN	20	1	pym2	translate-names		0	Shur	This is a desert region on the eastern border of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1155	GEN	20	2	zga1			0	sent for Sarah and took her	“made his men go get Sarah and bring her to him”
1156	GEN	20	3	v444			0	God came to Abimelech	“God appeared to Abimelech”
1157	GEN	20	3	tme7			0	Behold	“pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: “
1158	GEN	20	3	x7kr	figs-idiom		0	you are a dead man	This is a strong way of saying the king will die. Alternate translation: “you will certainly die soon” or “I will kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1159	GEN	20	3	l852			0	a man’s wife	“a married woman”
1160	GEN	20	4	cxb7	writing-background		0	Now…her	This word is used here to mark a change from the story to information about Abimelech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1161	GEN	20	4	nbq2	figs-euphemism		0	Abimelech had not come near her	This is a polite way of saying he did not have sex with her. Alternate translation: “Abimelech had not slept with Sarah” or “Abimelech had not touched Sarah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1162	GEN	20	4	gxv9	figs-metonymy		0	even a righteous nation	Here “nation” stands for the people. Abimelech is worried that God will punish not only him, but his people also. Alternate translation: “even a people who are innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1163	GEN	20	5	a3jr	figs-quotesinquotes		0	Did he not himself say to me, ‘She is my sister?’ Even she herself said, ‘He is my brother.’	This has quotations within a quotation. They can be stated as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “Did he himself not tell me that she is his sister? Even she herself told me that he is her brother.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1164	GEN	20	5	c4vt	figs-rquestion		0	Did he not himself say to me, ‘She is my sister?’	Abimelech used this rhetorical question to remind God of something God already knew. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Abraham himself told me, ‘She is my sister.’” or “Abraham said that she is his sister.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1165	GEN	20	5	lx3l	figs-rpronouns		0	Did he not himself say…Even she herself	The words “he himself” and “she herself” are used for emphasis to bring attention to Abraham and Sarah and to blame them for what happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
1166	GEN	20	5	ey19	figs-metonymy		0	I have done this in the integrity of my heart and the innocence of my hands	Here “heart” stands for his thoughts or intentions. Also “hands” stands for his actions. Alternate translation: “I have done this with good intentions and actions” or “I have done this with no evil thoughts or actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1167	GEN	20	6	b1a5			0	God said to him	“God said to Abimelech”
1168	GEN	20	6	r797	figs-metonymy		0	in the integrity of your heart you did this	Here “heart” stands for his thoughts or intentions. Alternate translation: “you did this with good intentions” or “you did this without evil intentions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1169	GEN	20	6	fkd2	figs-euphemism		0	to touch her	This is a euphemism for having sex with Sarah. Alternate translation: “to sleep with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1170	GEN	20	7	x37f			0	the man’s wife	“Abraham’s wife”
1171	GEN	20	7	e8qh			0	you will live	“I will let you live”
1172	GEN	20	7	nj49			0	all who are yours	“all of your people”
1173	GEN	20	8	egv2			0	He told all these things to them	“He told them everything that God had told him”
1174	GEN	20	9	vne4	figs-rquestion		0	What have you done to us?	Abimelech used this rhetorical question to accuse Abraham. Alternate translation: “You have done something bad to us!” or “Look what you have done to us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1175	GEN	20	9	s7b5	figs-exclusive		0	to us	The word “us” here is exclusive and does not include Abraham and Sarah. If your language uses an exclusive form of “we” or “us,” use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1176	GEN	20	9	za1f	figs-rquestion		0	How have I sinned against you, that you have brought…sin?	Abimelech used this rhetorical question to remind Abraham that he had not sinned against Abraham. Alternate translation: “I have done nothing against you to cause you to bring…sin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1177	GEN	20	9	jp85	figs-metaphor		0	that you have brought on me and on my kingdom a great sin	To cause someone to be guilty of sinning is spoken of as if “sin” was a thing that could be placed on a person. Alternate translation: “that you should make me and my kingdom guilty of such a terrible sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1178	GEN	20	9	e4jh	figs-metonymy		0	on my kingdom	Here “kingdom” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “on the people of my kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1179	GEN	20	9	x8wm			0	You have done to me that which ought not to be done	“You should not have done this to me”
1180	GEN	20	10	qyr8	figs-explicit		0	What prompted you to do this thing?	“What caused you to do this?” or “Why did you do this?” What Abraham did can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Why did you tell me that Sarah is your sister?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1181	GEN	20	11	gvr3	figs-quotesinquotes		0	Because I thought, ‘Surely there is no fear of God in this place, and they will kill me because of my wife.’	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Because I thought that since no one here fears God, someone may kill me so they can take my wife.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1182	GEN	20	11	nei7	figs-metonymy		0	no fear of God in this place	Here “place” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “no one here in Gerar fears God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1183	GEN	20	11	y87a			0	fear of God	This means to deeply respect God and show that respect by obeying him.
1184	GEN	20	12	p538			0	Besides, she is indeed my sister	“Also, it is true that Sarah is my sister” or “Also, Sarah really is my sister”
1185	GEN	20	12	ml6b			0	the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother	“we have the same father, but we have different mothers”
1186	GEN	20	13	ktu6			0	General Information:	Verse 13 is a continuation of Abraham’s answer to Abimelech.
1187	GEN	20	13	e2ep	figs-metonymy		0	my father’s house	Here “house” stands for Abraham’s family. Alternate translation: “my father and the rest of my family” or “my father’s household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1188	GEN	20	13	jl8s	figs-quotesinquotes		0	I said to her, ‘You must show me this faithfulness as my wife: At every place where we go, say about me, “He is my brother.”’	This has quotations within quotations. They can be stated as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “I said to Sarah that I wanted her to be faithful to me by telling people everywhere we go that I am her brother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1189	GEN	20	14	sh8w			0	Abimelech took	“Abimelech brought some”
1190	GEN	20	15	d1fq			0	Abimelech said	“Abimelech said to Abraham”
1191	GEN	20	15	f45t			0	Look	“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
1192	GEN	20	15	pv15	figs-idiom		0	my land is before you	This is a way of saying “I make all of my land available to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1193	GEN	20	15	ch6w			0	Settle wherever it pleases you	“Live wherever you want”
1194	GEN	20	16	u7bg	translate-numbers		0	a thousand	“1,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1195	GEN	20	16	tv82	figs-metaphor		0	It is to cover any offense against you in the eyes of all who are with you	Giving money to prove to others that Sarah is innocent is spoken of as if he is placing a cover over an offense so no one can see it. Alternate translation: “I am giving this to him, so that those who are with you will know that you have done nothing wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1196	GEN	20	16	gpn5	figs-metaphor		0	in the eyes	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “in the opinion” or “in the judgement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1197	GEN	20	16	id4c	figs-activepassive		0	before everyone, you are completely made right	The passive phrase “made right” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “everyone will know that you are innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1198	GEN	20	18	wr3n			0	completely infertile	“totally unable to have children”
1199	GEN	20	18	z9nv	figs-explicit		0	because of Sarah, Abraham’s wife	The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “because Abimelech had taken Abraham’s wife Sarah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1200	GEN	21	intro	cru4			0		# Genesis 21 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sarah’s anger<br>After Sarah was able to have her own child, and he survived infancy, she began to get angry with Abraham’s other son, Ishmael. He would have been a constant reminder of her own sin. God blessed Ishmael, but he was not able to inherit the promises given to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])<br><br>### Abandoning Ishmael<br>According to the law at this time, Hagar was able to gain her freedom from slavery by abandoning any claim to receive an inheritance. This is why Hagar would have abandoned her son under the tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Treaty<br>The Gentile king, Abimelech, made a covenant or treaty with Abraham. It is possible that he did this because he recognized the power of Abraham’s God, but his exact reasons are unknown. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
1201	GEN	21	1	f988	figs-explicit		0	Yahweh paid attention to Sarah	Here the phrase “paid attention to” refers to Yahweh helping Sarah have a baby. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helped Sarah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1202	GEN	21	2	waa9			0	bore a son to Abraham	“gave birth to Abraham’s son”
1203	GEN	21	2	xm5n			0	in his old age	“when Abraham was very old”
1204	GEN	21	2	ud3d			0	at the set time of which God had spoken to him	“at the exact time that God had told him it would happen”
1205	GEN	21	3	gbc9			0	Abraham named his son, the one who had been born to him, whom Sarah bore to him, Isaac	“Abraham named his newborn son, the one Sarah gave birth to, Isaac” or “Abraham named their newborn son Isaac”
1206	GEN	21	4	wzz8			0	Abraham circumcised his son Isaac when he was eight days old	“When his son Isaac was eight days old, Abraham circumcised him”
1207	GEN	21	4	g3m9	translate-numbers		0	eight days	“8 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1208	GEN	21	4	pp61			0	had commanded him	“had commanded Abraham to do”
1209	GEN	21	5	j1u3	translate-numbers		0	one hundred	“100” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1210	GEN	21	6	nu7q	figs-explicit		0	God has made me laugh	Sarah was laughing because she was surprised and happy. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “God has caused me to laugh joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1211	GEN	21	6	ns7b	figs-explicit		0	every one who hears	What people would hear can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “everyone who hears about what God has done for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1212	GEN	21	7	t9ue	figs-rquestion		0	Who would have said to Abraham that Sarah would nurse children	This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one would have ever said to Abraham that Sarah will nurse children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1213	GEN	21	7	hs12	figs-euphemism		0	nurse children	This is a polite way of referring to breast-feeding babies. Alternate translation: “feed a baby her own milk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1214	GEN	21	8	dp3y	figs-euphemism		0	The child grew and…Isaac was weaned	“Wean” here is a polite way of saying the child was finished with breast feeding. Alternate translation: “Isaac grew, and when he no longer needed his mother’s milk, Abraham had a large feast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1215	GEN	21	9	mm9v	figs-explicit		0	the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham	The name of Hagar’s son can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Ishmael, the son of Hagar the Egyptian and Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1216	GEN	21	9	d73k	figs-explicit		0	mocking	It can be stated explicitly that he was jeering or laughing at Isaac. Alternate translation: “laughing at Isaac” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1217	GEN	21	10	t7tn			0	she said to Abraham	“Sarah said to Abraham”
1218	GEN	21	10	y4le			0	Drive out	“send away” or “get rid of”
1219	GEN	21	10	n7ry			0	this slave woman and her son	This refers to Hagar and Ishmael. Sarah probably did not refer to them by name because she was angry with them.
1220	GEN	21	10	jrm9			0	with my son, with Isaac	“with my son Isaac”
1221	GEN	21	11	b5qj			0	This thing was very grievous to Abraham	“Abraham was very unhappy about what Sarah said”
1222	GEN	21	11	bb4j	figs-explicit		0	because of his son	“because it was about his son.” It is implied that this means his son, Ishmael. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1223	GEN	21	12	r6u6			0	Do not be grieved because of the lad, and because of your servant woman	“Do not be upset about the boy and your handmaid”
1224	GEN	21	12	t2a7			0	Listen to her words in all she says to you about this matter	“Do everything that Sarah says to you about them”
1225	GEN	21	12	wzl5	figs-activepassive		0	it is through Isaac that your descendants will be named	The phrase “will be named” means those born through Isaac are the ones God considers to be the descendants that he promised Abraham. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Isaac is the one who will be the forefather of the descendants I promised to give you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1226	GEN	21	13	k7jw	figs-metonymy		0	I will also make the son of the servant woman into a nation	The word “nation” means God will give him many descendants so that they become a great nation of people. Alternate translation: “I will make the servant woman’s son also become the father of a great nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1227	GEN	21	14	u9q1	figs-synecdoche		0	took bread	Possible meanings are (1) this refers to food in general or (2) this refers to bread specifically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1228	GEN	21	14	hbx9			0	a skin of water	“a bag of water.” The water container was made out of animal skin.
1229	GEN	21	15	ad5u			0	When the water in the waterskin was gone	“When the water bag was empty” or “When they had drank all of the water”
1230	GEN	21	16	z7c3			0	about the distance of a bowshot away	This refers to the distance that a person could shoot an arrow with a bow. This is about 100 meters.
1231	GEN	21	16	kuh9	figs-abstractnouns		0	Let me not look upon the death of the child	The abstract noun “death” can be stated as “die.” Alternate translation: “I do not want to watch the boy die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1232	GEN	21	16	i8r8	figs-metonymy		0	she lifted up her voice and wept	Here “voice” stands for the sound of her crying. To “life up her voice” means to cry loudly. Alternate translation: “she cried out loudly and wept” or “she wept loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1233	GEN	21	17	y2cd	figs-metonymy		0	the voice of the lad	“the boy’s voice.” Here “voice” stands for the sound of the boy crying or speaking. Alternate translation: “the sound of Ishmael” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1234	GEN	21	17	swz4			0	the angel of God	“a messenger from God” or “God’s messenger”
1235	GEN	21	17	nh6r			0	out of heaven	Here “heaven” means the place where God lives.
1236	GEN	21	17	usq5			0	What troubles you	“What is wrong” or “Why are you crying”
1237	GEN	21	17	bx2t	figs-metonymy		0	the voice of the lad where he is	Here “voice” stands for the sound of the boy crying or speaking. Alternate translation: “the sound of the boy lying over there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1238	GEN	21	18	n4hf			0	raise up the lad	“help the boy stand up”
1239	GEN	21	18	ifp4	figs-metonymy		0	I will make him into a great nation	To make Ishmael into a great nation means God will give him many descendants who will become a great nation. Alternate translation: “I will make his descendants become a great nation” or “I will make him become the ancestor of a great nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1240	GEN	21	19	kqh4	figs-metaphor		0	God opened her eyes, and she saw	God making Hagar aware of the well is spoken of as if he literally opened her eyes. Alternate translation: “God caused Hagar to see” or “God showed her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1241	GEN	21	19	l527			0	the skin	“the container made of skin” or “the bag”
1242	GEN	21	19	q3fh			0	the lad	“the boy” or “Ishmael”
1243	GEN	21	20	i9tw	figs-idiom		0	God was with the lad	Here the phrase “was with” is an idiom that means God helped or blessed the boy. Alternate translation: “God guided the boy” or “God blessed the boy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1244	GEN	21	20	dwr6			0	became an archer	“became very skilled at using a bow and arrows”
1245	GEN	21	21	nwf2			0	got a wife	“found a wife”
1246	GEN	21	22	d7es	writing-newevent		0	It came about at that time	This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
1247	GEN	21	22	sx3y	translate-names		0	Phicol	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1248	GEN	21	22	fg4b			0	captain of his army	“commander of his army”
1249	GEN	21	22	j5ga			0	his army	The word “his” refers to Abimelech.
1250	GEN	21	22	ed3j	figs-idiom		0	God is with you in all that you do	Here the phrase “is with you” is an idiom that means God helps or blesses Abraham. Alternate translation: “God blesses everything you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1251	GEN	21	23	s6v8	figs-explicit		0	Now therefore	The word “Now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. Alternate translation: “Therefore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1252	GEN	21	23	le59	figs-idiom		0	swear to me here by God	This is an idiom meaning to make a solemn oath witnessed by a higher authority, in this instance, God. Alternate translation: “promise me with God as your witness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1253	GEN	21	23	du1c			0	that you will not deal falsely with me	“that you will not lie to me”
1254	GEN	21	23	z3n7	figs-doublenegatives		0	will not deal falsely…with my descendants	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will deal honestly with me and my descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1255	GEN	21	23	s3ki	figs-abstractnouns		0	Show to me…covenant faithfulness that I have shown to you	The two men had made a covenant with each other. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful” or “loyal.” Alternate translation: “Be as faithful to me and to the land as I have been to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1256	GEN	21	23	cj4i	figs-metonymy		0	to the land	Here “land” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “to the people of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1257	GEN	21	24	s11p	figs-ellipsis		0	I swear	This can be stated with the understood information. Alternate translation: “I swear to be as faithful to you and your people as you have been to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1258	GEN	21	25	v44s			0	Abraham also complained to Abimelech	Possible meanings are (1) Abraham was complaining about what happened or (2) “Abraham also rebuked Abimelech”
1259	GEN	21	25	ph9l			0	concerning a well of water that Abimelech’s servants had seized from him	“because Abimelech’s servants had taken one of Abraham’s wells”
1260	GEN	21	25	t12g			0	seized from him	“taken from Abraham” or “had taken control of”
1261	GEN	21	26	i3se			0	I have not heard of it until today	“This is the first time I have heard about it”
1262	GEN	21	27	ruw8	translate-symaction		0	Abraham took sheep and oxen and gave them to Abimelech	This is a sign of friendship and that Abraham agrees to make covenant with Abimelech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1263	GEN	21	28	jy7m			0	Abraham set seven female lambs of the flock by themselves	“Abraham separated seven female lambs from the flock”
1264	GEN	21	29	tqa1			0	What is the meaning of these seven female lambs that you have set by themselves?	“Why have you separated these seven lambs from the flock?”
1265	GEN	21	30	t7mt			0	you will receive	“you will take”
1266	GEN	21	30	mf9f	figs-synecdoche		0	from my hand	Here “hand” stands for Abraham. Alternate translation: “from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1267	GEN	21	30	z8ku			0	it may be a witness	The word “it” refers to the gift of seven lambs.
1268	GEN	21	30	k965	figs-abstractnouns		0	so that it may be a witness for me	The abstract noun “witness” can be stated as “to prove.” Alternate translation: “to prove to everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1269	GEN	21	31	fs2d			0	he called that place	“Abraham called that place”
1270	GEN	21	31	nln8			0	Beersheba	Translators may add a footnote saying “Beersheba can mean either “well of the oath” or “well of seven.”
1271	GEN	21	31	uup5			0	they both	“Abraham and Abimelech”
1272	GEN	21	32	nu8h			0	Phicol	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 21:22](../21/22.md).
1273	GEN	21	33	nb3h	translate-unknown		0	a tamarisk tree	This is an evergreen tree that can grow in the desert. It can be stated more generally. Alternate translation: “a tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1274	GEN	21	33	hss3			0	the eternal God	“the God who lives forever”
1275	GEN	21	34	q54a			0	many days	“for a long time”
1276	GEN	22	intro	eq6l			0		# Genesis 22 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sacrificing his son<br>Although Isaac was not Abraham’s only son, he was the son who was to inherit Abraham’s promised blessings. It is possible this parallels God’s actual sacrifice of his son, Jesus, for the sins of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Covenant affirmation<br>After important events, it is common for Scripture to affirm the tenants of a covenant. This serves as a reminder of the covenant and affirms it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### God tests Abraham<br>Extra care should be taken when translating “testing.” It is best to avoid using the same word used for “tempting” even though they overlap in meaning. This is because Scripture also says God does not tempt anyone. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tempt]] and [James 2:13](../../jas/02/13.md))
1277	GEN	22	1	v5l5	writing-newevent		0	It came about	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
1278	GEN	22	1	l21s			0	after these things	This phrase refers to the events in chapter 21.
1279	GEN	22	1	n2k1	figs-explicit		0	God tested Abraham	It is implied that God tests Abraham to learn if Abraham will be faithful to him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: God tested Abraham’s faithfulness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1280	GEN	22	1	wmg9			0	Here I am	“Yes, I am listening” or “Yes, what is it?”
1281	GEN	22	2	riw5	figs-explicit		0	your only son	It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “your only son whom I have promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1282	GEN	22	2	wi8g			0	whom you love	This emphasizes Abraham’s love for his son, Isaac.
1283	GEN	22	2	f7eh	translate-names		0	the land of Moriah	“the land called Moriah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1284	GEN	22	3	t9yx			0	saddled his donkey	“loaded his donkey” or “put on his donkey what he needed for the journey”
1285	GEN	22	3	yed4			0	young men	“servants”
1286	GEN	22	3	u1yy			0	set out on his journey	“started his journey” or “started traveling”
1287	GEN	22	4	rp2j	translate-ordinal		0	On the third day	The word “third” is the ordinal number for three. Alternate translation: “After traveling for three days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1288	GEN	22	4	wqd9			0	saw the place afar off	“saw far away the place that God had spoken of”
1289	GEN	22	5	n287			0	young men	“servants”
1290	GEN	22	5	fay2	figs-exclusive		0	We will worship	The word “we” refers only to Abraham and Isaac, but not to the young men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1291	GEN	22	5	h4ur			0	come again to you	“return to you”
1292	GEN	22	6	hdf8			0	put it on Isaac his son	“had Isaac, his son, carry it”
1293	GEN	22	6	kw2g	figs-synecdoche		0	He took in his own hand	Here “his own hand” emphasizes that Abraham himself carried these things. Alternate translation: “Abraham himself carried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1294	GEN	22	6	lj2s	figs-synecdoche		0	the fire	Here “fire” stands for a pan containing burning coals or a torch or lamp. Alternate translation: “something for starting a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1295	GEN	22	6	v6yy			0	they went both of them together	“they left together” or “the two of them went together”
1296	GEN	22	7	h248			0	My father	This is a loving way for a son to speak to his father.
1297	GEN	22	7	j9ph			0	Here I am	“Yes, I am listening” or “Yes, what is it?” See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md).
1298	GEN	22	7	vf73			0	my son	This is a loving way for a father to speak to his son.
1299	GEN	22	7	m2y2	figs-synecdoche		0	the fire	Here “fire” stands for a pan containing burning coals or a torch or lamp. See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:6](../22/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1300	GEN	22	7	eb9g			0	the lamb for the burnt offering	“the lamb that you will give as a burnt offering”
1301	GEN	22	8	w7zp	figs-rpronouns		0	God himself	Here “himself” emphasizes that it is God who will provide the lamb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
1302	GEN	22	8	p2wc			0	will provide	“will give us”
1303	GEN	22	9	yn6m			0	When they came to the place	“When Abraham and Isaac arrived at the place”
1304	GEN	22	9	x21f			0	he bound	“he tied up”
1305	GEN	22	9	g9i8			0	on the altar, on top of the wood	“on top of the wood that was on the altar”
1306	GEN	22	10	a5eg			0	reached out with his hand and took up the knife	“picked up the knife”
1307	GEN	22	11	d82r			0	the angel of Yahweh	Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or (2) this was one of Yahweh’s angels or (3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “the angel of Yahweh” using the normal word that you use for “angel.” See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](../16/07.md).
1308	GEN	22	11	yu4c			0	from heaven	This refers to the place where God lives.
1309	GEN	22	11	w9zz			0	Here I am	“Yes, I am listening” or “Yes, what is it?” See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md).
1310	GEN	22	12	m8d6	figs-idiom		0	Do not lay your hand upon the lad, nor do anything to harm him	The phrase “Do no lay your hand upon” is a way of saying “do not harm.” God said basically the same thing twice to emphasize that Abraham should not hurt Isaac. Alternate translation: “Do not hurt the boy in any way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1311	GEN	22	12	n4c5			0	now I know…from me	The words “I” and “me” refer to Yahweh. When translating what is in the quote, do it as the angel of Yahweh did and use the words “I” and “me” when referring to Yahweh.
1312	GEN	22	12	n8sb			0	you fear God	This refers to deeply respecting God and showing that respect by obeying him.
1313	GEN	22	12	rcz2			0	seeing that	“because I see that”
1314	GEN	22	12	nh8u	figs-doublenegatives		0	you have not withheld your son…from me	“you have not held back your son…from me.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you were willing to offer your son…to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1315	GEN	22	12	yqd1	figs-explicit		0	your son, your only son	It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 22:2](../22/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1316	GEN	22	13	n7b6			0	behold	The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
1317	GEN	22	13	qy8n	figs-activepassive		0	was a ram caught in the bushes by his horns	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “was a ram whose horns were stuck in the bushes” or “was a ram stuck in the bushes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1318	GEN	22	13	i7l2			0	went and took the ram	“Abraham went over to the ram and took it”
1319	GEN	22	14	fk9q			0	will provide…will be provided	Use the same word for “provide” as you used in [Genesis 22:8](../22/08.md).
1320	GEN	22	14	cbx8			0	to this day	“even now.” This means even to the time that the author was writing this book.
1321	GEN	22	14	qmx7	figs-activepassive		0	it will be provided	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will provide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1322	GEN	22	15	qcn7			0	The angel of Yahweh	Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or (2) this was one of Yahweh’s angels or (3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “The angel of Yahweh” using the normal word that you use for “angel.” See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](../16/07.md).
1323	GEN	22	15	aa8z	translate-ordinal		0	a second time	The word “second” is the ordinal number for two. Alternate translation: “again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1324	GEN	22	15	e8jz			0	from heaven	Here the word “heaven” refers to the place where God lives.
1325	GEN	22	16	t7gg			0	said—this is Yahweh’s declaration	“spoke this message from Yahweh” or “declared these words of Yahweh.” This is a formal way of saying that the words that follow come directly from Yahweh.
1326	GEN	22	16	p814			0	by myself I have sworn	“I have promised and I am my witness.” To swear means to use the name of something or someone as the basis or power on which the oath is made. There is nothing more powerful for Yahweh to swear by than himself.
1327	GEN	22	16	une6			0	you have done this thing	“you obeyed me”
1328	GEN	22	16	jc1a	figs-doublenegatives		0	have not withheld your son	“have not kept back your son.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “were willing to offer your son to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1329	GEN	22	16	pyp7	figs-explicit		0	your son, your only son	It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 22:2](../22/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1330	GEN	22	17	rb7e			0	surely bless	“certainly bless”
1331	GEN	22	17	ejb4			0	I will greatly multiply your descendants	“I will cause your descendants to increase again and again” or “I will cause your descendants to be very many”
1332	GEN	22	17	aih1	figs-simile		0	as the stars of the heavens, and as the sand which is upon the seashore	God compared Abraham’s descendants to the stars and the sand. Just as people cannot count the huge number of stars or the grains of sand, so there would be so many of Abraham’s descendants that people would not be able to count them. Alternate translation: “beyond what you can count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1333	GEN	22	17	v86r			0	as the stars of the heavens	Here the word “heavens” refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars.
1334	GEN	22	17	q7zd	figs-synecdoche		0	will possess the gate of their enemies	Here “gate” represents the whole city. To “possess the gate of their enemies” means destroying their enemies. Alternate translation: “will completely triumph over their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1335	GEN	22	18	tq9d			0	General Information:	The angel of Yahweh continues speaking to Abraham.
1336	GEN	22	18	u7dd	figs-activepassive		0	all the nations of the earth will be blessed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I, the Lord, will bless all the people living everywhere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1337	GEN	22	18	bl9q	figs-metonymy		0	nations of the earth	Here “nations” stands for the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1338	GEN	22	18	i6qx	figs-metonymy		0	you have obeyed my voice	Here “voice” stands for what God said. Alternate translation: “you have obeyed what I said” or “you have obeyed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1339	GEN	22	19	eb78	figs-explicit		0	Abraham returned	Only Abraham was named because he was the father, but it was implied that his son went with him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Abraham and his son went back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1340	GEN	22	19	vx4h			0	young men	“servants”
1341	GEN	22	19	e1ck			0	they departed	“they left that place”
1342	GEN	22	19	v5yw	figs-explicit		0	he lived at Beersheba	Only Abraham was mentioned because he was the leader of his family and servants, but it was implied that they were with him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Abraham and his people stayed in Beersheba” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1343	GEN	22	20	hai9	writing-newevent		0	It came about after these things	“After these events.” The phrase “these things” refers to the events of Genesis 22:1-19. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
1344	GEN	22	20	u5ru	figs-activepassive		0	Abraham was told	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone told Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1345	GEN	22	20	a222			0	Milkah has borne children, as well	“Milkah has also borne children”
1346	GEN	22	20	i8qv	translate-names		0	Milkah	This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1347	GEN	22	21	hd5y			0	They were Uz his firstborn, Buz his brother	“The name of his firstborn was Uz, and the names of the rest of his children were Buz his brother”
1348	GEN	22	21	xm6k	translate-names		0	Uz…Buz…Kemuel…Aram	These are all names of men. Translate this so that it is clear that all of these except Aram are the sons of Nahor and Milkah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1349	GEN	22	22	qg5a	translate-names		0	Kesed, Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph, and Bethuel	These are all names of men. Translate this so that it is clear that all of these are the sons of Nahor and Milkah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1350	GEN	22	23	h2fe			0	Bethuel became the father of Rebekah	“Later Bethel became the father of Rebekah”
1351	GEN	22	23	xue2			0	These were the eight children that Milkah bore to Nahor, Abraham’s brother	“These were the eight children of Milkah and Nahor, Abraham’s brother.” This refers to the children that were listed in [Genesis 22:21-22](./21.md).
1352	GEN	22	24	v3k2			0	His concubine	“Nahor’s concubine”
1353	GEN	22	24	td3e	translate-names		0	Reumah	This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1354	GEN	22	24	uvx4			0	also bore	“also gave birth to”
1355	GEN	22	24	km7f	translate-names		0	Tebah, Gaham, Tahash, and Maacah	These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1356	GEN	23	intro	m5kz			0		# Genesis 23 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Abraham’s character<br>Abraham’s interaction with the people show that he was greatly respected. This would have been unusual for a foreigner and indicates that Abraham was a man of great character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Burial<br>Burial was a common practice when Abraham lived, but only the wealthy were able to bury their dead relatives in this way.
1357	GEN	23	1	by7k	translate-numbers		0	Sarah lived a hundred and twenty-seven years	“Sarah lived 127 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1358	GEN	23	1	dq7c	figs-doublet		0	These were the years of the life of Sarah	Some translations do not include this sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1359	GEN	23	2	bm76	translate-names		0	Kiriath Arba	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1360	GEN	23	2	dik9			0	Abraham mourned and wept for Sarah	“Abraham was very sad and cried because Sarah died”
1361	GEN	23	3	r87x			0	rose up and went from his dead wife	“got up and left his wife’s body”
1362	GEN	23	3	n5za	translate-names		0	the sons of Heth	Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” or “the Hittites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1363	GEN	23	4	tg1d			0	among you	This idea may be expressed in terms of location. “in your country” or “here”
1364	GEN	23	4	llx2			0	Please grant me a property	“Sell me some land” or “Allow me to buy a piece of land”
1365	GEN	23	4	ehx7	figs-nominaladj		0	my dead	The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as an adjective or a verb. Alternate translation: “my dead wife” or “my wife who has died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1366	GEN	23	5	w3ln	translate-names		0	The sons of Heth	Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](../23/03.md). Alternate translation: “The descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1367	GEN	23	6	s243			0	my master	This phrase is used to show respect to Abraham.
1368	GEN	23	6	z2xn	figs-idiom		0	a prince of God	This is an idiom. This probably means “a powerful man” or “a mighty leader.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1369	GEN	23	6	l6my	figs-nominaladj		0	your dead	The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as a verb or simply as “wife.” Alternate translation: “your wife who has died” or “your wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1370	GEN	23	6	rh4j			0	the choicest of our tombs	“the best of our burial places”
1371	GEN	23	6	u2pe			0	refuse you his tomb	“withhold his burial place from you” or “refuse to give to you his tomb”
1372	GEN	23	7	h7w7	writing-symlanguage		0	bowed down	This means to bend over or kneel down very low to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1373	GEN	23	7	yw6s			0	to the people of the land, to the sons of Heth	“to the sons of Heth who lived in the area”
1374	GEN	23	7	qnd5	translate-names		0	the sons of Heth	Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](../23/03.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1375	GEN	23	8	z68i	figs-nominaladj		0	my dead	The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as a verb or simply as “wife.” Alternate translation: “my wife who has died” or “my wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1376	GEN	23	8	c9j3	translate-names		0	Ephron…Zohar	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1377	GEN	23	9	t978			0	the cave of Machpelah, which he owns, which is at the end of his field	“his cave that is at the end of his field in Machpelah”
1378	GEN	23	9	h3f7	translate-names		0	the cave of Machpelah	“the cave in Machpela.” Machpela was the name of an area or region. Ephron owned a field in Machpela and the cave that was in the field. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1379	GEN	23	9	n9as	figs-distinguish		0	which he owns	This tells something about the cave. Ephron owned the cave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
1380	GEN	23	9	e8mr	figs-distinguish		0	which is at the end of his field	This also tells something about the cave. The cave was at the end of Ephron’s field. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
1381	GEN	23	9	xw6j			0	sell it to me publicly	“sell it to me in front of you all” or “sell it to me in your presence”
1382	GEN	23	9	h1qr			0	as a property	“as a piece of land that I may own and use”
1383	GEN	23	10	idb1	writing-background		0	Now Ephron was sitting among the sons of Heth	Here “Now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Ephron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1384	GEN	23	10	w16a	translate-names		0	Ephron	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:8](../23/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1385	GEN	23	10	qat3	translate-names		0	the sons of Heth	Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](../23/03.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1386	GEN	23	10	pmj4	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the hearing of the sons of Heth	The abstract noun “the hearing” can be stated as “hear” or “listening.” Alternate translation: “so that all the sons of Heth could hear him” or “while all the sons of Heth were listening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1387	GEN	23	10	yq1p	figs-distinguish		0	all those who had come into the gate of his city	This tells which sons of Heth were listening. Alternate translation: “all those who had gathered at the gate of his city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
1388	GEN	23	10	v5hh			0	gate of his city	The city gate was where the leaders of the city would meet to make important decisions.
1389	GEN	23	10	juf1			0	his city	“the city where he lived.” This phrase shows that Ephron belonged to that city. It does not mean that he owned it.
1390	GEN	23	11	t9j5			0	my master	This phrase is used to show respect to Abraham.
1391	GEN	23	11	zt96	figs-metonymy		0	in the presence of the sons of my people	Here “presence” stands for the people serving as witnesses. Alternate translation: “with my fellow countrymen as my witnesses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1392	GEN	23	11	td9w			0	sons of my people	This means “my fellow countrymen” or “my fellow Hittites”
1393	GEN	23	11	zdp4			0	my people	This phrase shows that Ephron was part of that group of people. It does not mean that he was their leader.
1394	GEN	23	11	eq11			0	I give it to you to bury your dead	“I give it to you. Bury your dead”
1395	GEN	23	11	d3q4	figs-nominaladj		0	your dead	The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as a verb or simply as “wife.” Alternate translation: “your wife who has died” or “your wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1396	GEN	23	12	sv7w	writing-symlanguage		0	bowed himself down	This means to bend over or kneel down very low to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1397	GEN	23	12	g1ce			0	people of the land	“people who lived in that area”
1398	GEN	23	13	s7vm	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the hearing of the people of the land	The abstract noun “the hearing” can be stated as “hear” or “listening” Alternate translation: “so that the people who lived in the area could hear” or “while the people who lived in the area were listening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1399	GEN	23	13	d4k3			0	But if you are willing	The word “but” shows a contrast. Ephron wanted to give the field to Abraham; Abraham wanted to pay for it. Alternate translation: “No, but if you are willing” or “No, but if you agree with this”
1400	GEN	23	13	t89n			0	I will pay for the field	“I will give you money for the field”
1401	GEN	23	13	xai6	figs-nominaladj		0	my dead	The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as a verb or simply as “wife.” Alternate translation: “my wife who has died” or “my wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1402	GEN	23	14	i9a7	translate-names		0	Ephron	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:8](../23/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1403	GEN	23	15	a9gk			0	Please, my master, listen to me	“Hear me, my master” or “Listen to me, kind sir”
1404	GEN	23	15	a6wp			0	my master	This phrase is used to show respect to Abraham.
1405	GEN	23	15	v7ic	figs-rquestion		0	A piece of land worth four hundred shekels of silver, what is that between me and you?	Ephron meant that since he and Abraham were both so wealthy, 400 pieces of silver was a small amount. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “The piece of land is worth only four hundred shekels of silver. For you and me, that is nothing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1406	GEN	23	15	pl1v	translate-bweight		0	four hundred shekels of silver	This is about 4.5 kilograms of silver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1407	GEN	23	15	vh1v	translate-numbers		0	four hundred	“400” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1408	GEN	23	15	v5rr	figs-nominaladj		0	Bury your dead	The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as a verb or simply as “wife.” Alternate translation: “Go bury your wife who has died” or “Go bury your wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1409	GEN	23	16	bu12			0	Abraham weighed out to Ephron the amount of silver	“Abraham weighed the silver and gave Ephron the amount” or “Abraham counted out to Ephron the amount of silver”
1410	GEN	23	16	af6q			0	the amount of silver that he had spoken	“the amount of silver that Ephron had said”
1411	GEN	23	16	k56n	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the hearing of the sons of Heth	The abstract noun “the hearing” can be stated as “hear” or “listening.” Alternate translation: “so that all the sons of Heth could hear him” or “while all the sons of Heth were listening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1412	GEN	23	16	n255	translate-names		0	the sons of Heth	Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](../23/03.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1413	GEN	23	16	z85u			0	according to the standard measurement of the merchants	“using the standard measurement of weight that merchants used.” This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “He weighed the silver the same way that the merchants used to weigh it”
1414	GEN	23	17	tt9e	translate-names		0	Machpelah	Machpela was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:9](../23/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1415	GEN	23	17	x6jb	translate-names		0	Mamre	This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1416	GEN	23	17	ia83			0	that is, the field, the cave that was in it, and all the trees	This phrase explains what the author meant when he wrote “the field of Ephron.” It was not only the field, but also the cave and trees in the field.
1417	GEN	23	17	d6s8			0	passed	“became property that belonged”
1418	GEN	23	18	lsx4			0	to Abraham by purchase	These words complete the idea that begins with the word “passed” in verse 17. “became Abraham’s possession when he purchased it” or “belonged to Abraham after he bought it”
1419	GEN	23	18	cr5r	figs-metonymy		0	in the presence of the sons of Heth	Here “presence” stands for the people serving as witnesses. Alternate translation: “with the people of Heth watching as witnesses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1420	GEN	23	18	n2pe	translate-names		0	the sons of Heth	Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](../23/03.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1421	GEN	23	18	g8u6	figs-distinguish		0	all those who had come into the gate of his city	This tells which sons of Heth saw Abraham buy the property. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:10](../23/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
1422	GEN	23	18	ygu6			0	gate of his city	The city gate was where the leaders of the city would meet to make important decisions.
1423	GEN	23	18	e2hk			0	his city	“the city where he lived.” This phrase shows that Ephron belonged to that city. It does not mean that he owned it.
1424	GEN	23	19	ekx3			0	After this	“After he bought the field”
1425	GEN	23	19	fv26			0	the cave of the field	“the cave in the field”
1426	GEN	23	19	b38v			0	the field of Machpelah	“the field in Machpelah”
1427	GEN	23	19	ey3f			0	that is, Hebron	Possible meanings are (1) Mamre was another name for Hebron or (2) Hebron was formerly called Mamre or (3) Mamre was very near the larger city of Hebron, so people usually called it Hebron.
1428	GEN	23	20	cs4e			0	passed to Abraham as a property for a burial place from the sons of Heth	“became Abraham’s property for a burial ground when he bought it from the sons of Heth”
1429	GEN	23	20	fx6q	translate-names		0	the sons of Heth	Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](../23/03.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1430	GEN	24	intro	t2cz			0		# Genesis 24 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 24:60.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Intermarriage<br><br>Abraham would not allow his son to marry anyone from the people of Canaan. This is because it would cause his son to worship other gods. Intermarriage and worshiping false gods are things that frequently caused Abraham’s descendants to struggle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br><br>### Abraham’s wealth<br><br>There are many instances recorded in this chapter which highlight Abraham’s significant wealth. He owned more than 10 camels and had large amounts of gold.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Put your hand under my thigh”<br><br>Many scholars believe this is a euphemism. Putting one’s hand on a man’s genitals was a way to make an important oath. It represented power and progeny. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1431	GEN	24	1	swv5			0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story.
1432	GEN	24	2	ebr3	translate-symaction		0	Put your hand under my thigh	Abraham was about to ask the servant to swear to do something. Putting his hand under Abraham’s thigh would show that he would certainly do what he would swear to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1433	GEN	24	3	f2nf	figs-imperative		0	I will make you swear	This can be expressed as a command. Alternate translation: “swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
1434	GEN	24	3	a7dx			0	swear by Yahweh	The term “swear by” means to use the name of something or someone as the basis or power on which the oath is made. “promise me with Yahweh as your witness”
1435	GEN	24	3	hip1	figs-merism		0	the God of heaven and the God of the earth	“the God of heaven and earth.” The words “heaven” and “earth” are used together to mean every thing that God created. Alternate translation: “the God of everything in heaven and earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1436	GEN	24	3	ren6			0	heaven	This refers to the place where God lives.
1437	GEN	24	3	v2r5			0	from the daughters of the Canaanites	“from the Canaanite women” or “from the Canaanites.” This refers to Canaanite females.
1438	GEN	24	3	i3p4	figs-synecdoche		0	among whom I make my home	“among whom I live.” Here, “I” stands for Abraham and all of his family and servants. Alternate translation: “among whom we live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1439	GEN	24	4	a5wn	figs-imperative		0	But you will go	This can be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “Swear that you will go” or “But go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
1440	GEN	24	4	s3ne			0	my relatives	“my family”
1441	GEN	24	5	qpu6			0	What if	“What should I do if”
1442	GEN	24	5	wkn5			0	will not be willing to follow me	“will not follow me” or “refuses to come back with me”
1443	GEN	24	5	b9nk			0	Must I take your son back to the land from which you came	“Should I take you son to live in the land from which you came”
1444	GEN	24	6	g1bh			0	Make sure that you do not take my son back there	The phrase “Make sure” emphasizes the command that follows. “Be careful not to take my son back there” or “You definitely must not take my son there”
1445	GEN	24	7	b2tf	figs-metonymy		0	who took me from my father’s house	Here “house” stands for the people in his family. Alternate translation: “who took me from my father and the rest of my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1446	GEN	24	7	rg6g			0	promised me with a solemn oath	“swore an oath to me”
1447	GEN	24	7	ar65	figs-quotesinquotes		0	saying, ‘To your offspring I will give this land,’	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “saying that he would give this land to my offspring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1448	GEN	24	7	a25j			0	he will send his angel	The words “he” and “his” refer to Yahweh.
1449	GEN	24	8	w9ll			0	General Information:	Verse 8 is a continuation of the instructions Abraham gave his servant.
1450	GEN	24	8	j773	figs-hypo		0	But if the woman is not willing to follow you	“But if the woman refuses to come with you.” Abraham was answering the servant’s question from [Genesis 24:5](../24/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1451	GEN	24	8	q3gy	figs-metaphor		0	you will be free from this oath of mine	“you will be released from the oath you made to me.” Not having to fulfill an oath is spoken of as if the person is free from an object to which he was bound. Alternate translation: “you will not have to do what you swore to me that you would do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1452	GEN	24	9	tty4	translate-symaction		0	put his hand under the thigh of Abraham his master	This was to show that he would certainly do what he was swearing to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1453	GEN	24	9	lt8g			0	swore to him	“made an oath to him”
1454	GEN	24	9	k6wb			0	concerning this matter	“concerning Abraham’s request” or “that he would do what Abraham said”
1455	GEN	24	10	qz3v			0	departed. He also took	The sentence starting with “He also took” gives additional information about what the servant took with him on the journey. He gathered them before he departed.
1456	GEN	24	10	t2ji			0	He also took with him all kinds of gifts from his master	This means he also took many good things that his master wanted to give to the woman’s family.
1457	GEN	24	10	yq2h			0	departed and went	“set out and went” or “he left and went”
1458	GEN	24	10	nmn4	translate-names		0	the city of Nahor	Possible meanings are (1) the city where Nahor lived” or (2) “the city called Nahor.” If you can translate it without choosing a meaning, do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1459	GEN	24	11	x8ge			0	He made the camels kneel down	Camels are tall animals with long legs. He made them bend their legs and lower their bodies to the ground. “He made the camels lie down”
1460	GEN	24	11	c8xs			0	well of water	“water well” or “well”
1461	GEN	24	11	n18k			0	draw water	“get water”
1462	GEN	24	12	tp8i			0	Then he said	“Then the servant said”
1463	GEN	24	12	yyj6	grammar-connect-words-phrases		0	grant me success today and show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham	You can state this with the connecting word “by.” This makes clear how the servant wants God to show covenant faithfulness. Alternate translation: “Show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham by granting me success today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
1464	GEN	24	12	i9ac	figs-abstractnouns		0	grant me success	“give me success.” The servant wanted to find a good wife for Abraham’s son. The abstract noun “success” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “help me to succeed” or “make me able to do what I have come here to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1465	GEN	24	12	n4s6	figs-abstractnouns		0	show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful.” Alternate translation: “be faithful to the covenant you have with my master Abraham” or “be faithful to my master Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1466	GEN	24	13	b9wq			0	Look, here I am standing	“You can see me standing here”
1467	GEN	24	13	y2ut			0	the spring of water	“the spring” or “the well”
1468	GEN	24	13	v4y7			0	the daughters of the men of the city	“the young women of the city”
1469	GEN	24	14	xg68			0	Let it happen like this	“Let it happen this way” or “Make this happen”
1470	GEN	24	14	uy2f	figs-quotesinquotes		0	When I say to a young woman, ‘Please lower your pitcher so that I may drink,’	This is a quotation within a quotation. This can be expressed with an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “When I ask a young woman to let me have a drink of water from her jar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1471	GEN	24	14	z6kj			0	Please lower your pitcher	The women carried the pitchers on their shoulder. She would have to lower it to give the man a drink.
1472	GEN	24	14	khg5			0	pitcher	a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids
1473	GEN	24	14	je9p	figs-abstractnouns		0	that you have shown covenant faithfulness to my master	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “been faithful.” Alternate translation: “that you have been faithful to the covenant you have with my master Abraham” or “you have been faithful to my master Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1474	GEN	24	15	td2g			0	It came about that	This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1475	GEN	24	15	jq3w			0	behold	The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
1476	GEN	24	15	fm5s			0	pitcher	This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:14](../24/14.md).
1477	GEN	24	15	y3qz			0	Rebekah was born to Bethuel son of Milkah, the wife of Nahor, Abraham’s brother	“Rebekah’s father was Bethuel. Bethuel’s parents were Milkah and Nahor. Nahor was Abraham’s brother”
1478	GEN	24	15	y6za	translate-names		0	Bethuel	Bethuel was Rebekah’s father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22](../22/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1479	GEN	24	15	y7ld	translate-names		0	Nahor	This is the name of a man. See how you translated his name in [Genesis 11:22](../11/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1480	GEN	24	15	xmc5	translate-names		0	Milkah	Milkah was Nahor’s wife and Bethuel’s mother. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 11:29](../11/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1481	GEN	24	16	s6tm			0	She went down to the spring…and came up	The spring was somewhere lower in elevation than where the servant was standing.
1482	GEN	24	17	lng1			0	to meet her	“to meet the young woman”
1483	GEN	24	17	hb32			0	a little drink of water	“a little water”
1484	GEN	24	17	tiz4			0	pitcher	This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:14](../24/14.md).
1485	GEN	24	18	dr38			0	my master	“sir.” Here the woman uses this term of respect to refer to the man, though she is not his slave.
1486	GEN	24	18	h8xp			0	she quickly let down her pitcher on her hand	“she quickly lowered her pitcher.” She was carrying the pitcher on her shoulder. She had to lower it to get water for the servant.
1487	GEN	24	19	jg5k			0	I will draw water	“I will get water”
1488	GEN	24	20	n27r			0	So she hurried and emptied her pitcher	“So she quickly emptied her pitcher”
1489	GEN	24	20	pkk9			0	the trough	“the animals’ water trough.” A trough is a long open container for holding water for animals to drink.
1490	GEN	24	21	ui6c			0	The man	“The servant”
1491	GEN	24	21	q4p6			0	watched her	“watched Rebekah” or “watched the young woman”
1492	GEN	24	21	b11e	figs-metaphor		0	to see	Learning something is often spoken of as if it were seeing. Alternate translation: “to know” or “to determine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1493	GEN	24	21	i3b2	figs-explicit		0	had prospered his journey	“had fulfilled the purpose of his journey” or “had made his journey successful.” You can make explicit what specifically the servant was trying to determine. Alternate translation: “was showing him the woman who would become Isaac’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1494	GEN	24	21	x4zm	figs-ellipsis		0	or not	You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “or not prospered his journey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1495	GEN	24	22	slf4	translate-bweight		0	a gold nose ring weighing half a shekel	“a gold nose ring that weighed six grams.” The weight indicates the value of the ring. Alternate translation: “an expensive gold nose ring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1496	GEN	24	22	w1h6	translate-bweight		0	two gold bracelets for her arms weighing ten shekels	“two gold bracelets for her arms that weighed 110 grams.” The weight shows their size and value. Alternate translation: “two large gold bracelets for her arms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1497	GEN	24	23	r4h2			0	Whose daughter are you	“Who is your father”
1498	GEN	24	23	e8zs			0	is there room in your father’s house	“is there a place in your father’s house”
1499	GEN	24	23	vu7b	figs-exclusive		0	for us	Apparently other men went on this journey with Abraham’s servant. Here “us” refers to the servant and those traveling with him, but not to those to whom he was speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1500	GEN	24	23	ij83			0	to spend the night	“to stay tonight” or “to stay for the night”
1501	GEN	24	24	qx3y			0	She said	“Rebekah said” or “the young woman said”
1502	GEN	24	24	h5cc			0	to him	“to the servant”
1503	GEN	24	24	tu27			0	I am the daughter of Bethuel son of Milkah, whom she bore to Nahor	“Bethuel is my father, and his parents are Milkah and Nahor”
1504	GEN	24	25	ki2b	figs-ellipsis		0	We have plenty of both straw and feed	It is understood that the straw and feed are for the camels. You can make clear this understood information. Alternate translation: “We have plenty of straw and feed for the camels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1505	GEN	24	25	g1si			0	for you to spend the night	“for you to stay tonight” or “where you can stay for the night”
1506	GEN	24	25	j8dw	figs-you		0	for you	Here “you” refers to the servant and those traveling with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1507	GEN	24	26	wj5p			0	the man	“the servant”
1508	GEN	24	26	rf3n	translate-symaction		0	bowed down	This is a sign of humility before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1509	GEN	24	27	pf99	figs-abstractnouns		0	has not forsaken his covenant faithfulness and his trustworthiness toward my master	“has not stopped showing his covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness to my master.” The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “to be faithful and trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “has not stopped being faithful to his covenant and trustworthy toward my master” or “has not stopped being faithful and trustworthy to my master” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1510	GEN	24	27	eme3	figs-litotes		0	has not forsaken	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “continues to show” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1511	GEN	24	27	xfl3			0	my master’s relatives	“my master’s family” or “my master’s clan”
1512	GEN	24	28	s6bc	figs-metonymy		0	ran and told her mother’s household	Here “household” stands for all the people living in her mother’s house. Alternate translation: “ran to the house and told her mother and everyone there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1513	GEN	24	28	xw7q			0	all of these things	“everything that had just happened”
1514	GEN	24	29	yd93	writing-background		0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells background information about Rebekah. The author introduces her brother, Laban, to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
1515	GEN	24	30	n1zt	figs-events		0	When he had seen the nose ring…and when he had heard the words of Rebekah his sister	These things happened before he ran out to the man. This tells why Laban ran out to the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
1516	GEN	24	30	si84	figs-quotations		0	when he had heard the words of Rebekah his sister, “This is what the man said to me,”	This can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “when he had heard his sister Rebekah tell what the man had said to her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1517	GEN	24	30	qav2			0	behold, he	The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. “it was just as she had said: he”
1518	GEN	24	31	w2vg			0	Come, you	“Come in, you” or “Enter, you”
1519	GEN	24	31	rud7			0	you blessed of Yahweh	“you whom Yahweh has blessed”
1520	GEN	24	31	tn1r	figs-you		0	you	Here the word “you” refers to Abraham’s servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1521	GEN	24	31	gk45	figs-rquestion		0	Why are you standing outside?	Laban used this question to invite Abraham’s servant into his house. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to stay outside.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1522	GEN	24	32	n6xf	figs-go		0	So the man came to the house	The word “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
1523	GEN	24	32	h7z7	figs-activepassive		0	he unloaded the camels	It is not clear who did this work. This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Laban’s servants unloaded the camels” or “the camels were unloaded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1524	GEN	24	32	hhx8	figs-activepassive		0	The camels were given straw and feed, and water was provided	This does not say who did the work. If you state this in active form use “Laban’s servants” as the subject. Alternate translation: “Laban’s servants gave straw and feed to the camels, and they provided water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1525	GEN	24	32	jti6			0	to wash his feet…him	“for Abraham’s servant and the men who were with him to wash their feet”
1526	GEN	24	33	x4b4			0	They set	Here, the word “they” refers to Laban’s family members or to the household servants.
1527	GEN	24	33	th5z			0	set food before him	“gave food to the servant”
1528	GEN	24	33	d4p6			0	said what I have to say	“spoken my words” or “told you why I am here”
1529	GEN	24	35	x58h			0	he has become great	Here the word “he” refers to Abraham.
1530	GEN	24	35	w53i			0	become great	“become very wealthy”
1531	GEN	24	35	ff88			0	He has given	The word “he” refers to Yahweh.
1532	GEN	24	36	l6kq			0	General Information:	Abraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.
1533	GEN	24	36	em4l			0	bore a son to my master	“gave birth to a son”
1534	GEN	24	36	sw5h			0	he has given…to him	“my master has given…to his son”
1535	GEN	24	37	bu75			0	My master made me swear, saying	“My master made me swear that I would do what he told me to do. He said”
1536	GEN	24	37	gr54			0	from the daughters of the Canaanites	This refers to Canaanite females. Alternate translation: “from the Canaanite women” or “from the Canaanites”
1537	GEN	24	37	nd18	figs-synecdoche		0	in whose land I make my home	“among whom I live.” Here, “I” stands for Abraham and all of his family and servants. Alternate translation: “among whom we live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1538	GEN	24	38	ye3t			0	to my relatives	“to my own clan”
1539	GEN	24	39	pgj8			0	General Information:	Abraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.
1540	GEN	24	39	xvk8	figs-hypo		0	Perhaps the woman will not follow me.	This is something that could possibly happen. Alternate translation: “What if the woman will not come back with me?” or “What should I do if the woman will not come back with me?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1541	GEN	24	40	mp4m	figs-metaphor		0	before whom I walk	Serving Yahweh is spoken of as if Abraham were walking in Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “whom I serve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1542	GEN	24	40	uj9t			0	he will prosper your way	“he will make your journey successful”
1543	GEN	24	40	f64z			0	family line	“family”
1544	GEN	24	41	x3ph	figs-hypo		0	But you will be free from my oath if you come to my relatives and they will not give her to you. Then you will be free from my oath	This is a hypothetical situation that Abraham did not think was likely to happen. Possible meanings are (1) “There is only one way for you to be free from my oath: if you come to my relatives and they will not give her to you, then you will be free from my oath” or, (2) building on verse 40, “If you go to my father’s family and ask for a girl, you will have done what I told you to do. If they will not give her to you, then you will be free from the oath you swore to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1545	GEN	24	41	ijt4	figs-metaphor		0	you will be free from my oath	“you will be released from the oath you made to me.” Not having to fulfill an oath is spoken of as if the person is free from an object to which he was bound. Alternate translation: “you will not have to do what you swore to me that you would do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1546	GEN	24	41	wll8	figs-go		0	if you come to my relatives	Languages use the words come and go differently. Alternate translation: “if you arrive at my relatives’ home” or “if you go to my relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
1547	GEN	24	42	t1j2			0	General Information:	Abraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.
1548	GEN	24	42	m7ps			0	the spring	“the well”
1549	GEN	24	43	ey1m			0	let the young woman who comes…the woman to whom I say	The servant goes back to stating his request. These are the first two things he has to say about the woman whom he hopes will come.
1550	GEN	24	43	ru4z			0	to draw water	“to get water”
1551	GEN	24	43	ays7			0	pitcher	This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:14](../24/14.md).
1552	GEN	24	44	k1f8			0	the woman who says to me, “Drink…camels”	The thought that begins with the words “let the young woman who comes” in verse 43 ends here. This is the third of the three things the servant has to say about the woman whom he hopes will come.
1553	GEN	24	44	t41f			0	let her be the woman	The servant finishes his request.
1554	GEN	24	45	jux7			0	General Information:	Abraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.
1555	GEN	24	45	w249	figs-metaphor		0	speaking in my heart	To pray silently in one’s mind is spoken of as if he were speaking in his heart. The word “heart” refers to his thoughts and his mind. Alternate translation: “praying” or “praying quietly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1556	GEN	24	45	s82z			0	behold, Rebekah came	“suddenly Rebekah came” or “I was surprised because I saw Rebekah coming”
1557	GEN	24	45	s4y4			0	pitcher	This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:14](../24/14.md).
1558	GEN	24	45	v94w			0	she went down to the spring	The phrase “went down” is used because the spring was somewhere lower than where the servant was standing.
1559	GEN	24	45	r9da			0	spring	opening in the ground from which fresh water comes
1560	GEN	24	46	kvw1			0	watered the camels	“gave water to the camels”
1561	GEN	24	47	q3rt			0	General Information:	Abraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.
1562	GEN	24	47	wg1u			0	The daughter of Bethuel, Nahor’s son, whom Milkah bore to him	“My father is Bethuel. His parents are Nahor and Milkah”
1563	GEN	24	47	xxd2			0	ring…bracelets	In this story, all of these items were made of gold. See how you translated these in [Genesis 24:22](../24/22.md).
1564	GEN	24	48	e8rq	translate-symaction		0	I bowed down	This is a sign of humility before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1565	GEN	24	48	h58h			0	led me by the right way	“brought me here”
1566	GEN	24	48	zhy2	grammar-connect-words-phrases		0	who had led me	The connecting word “because” can be used to show this is why the servant worshiped God. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh led me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
1567	GEN	24	48	p249			0	my master’s relative	This refers to Bethuel, the son of Abraham’s brother Nahor.
1568	GEN	24	49	v7x5			0	General Information:	Abraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.
1569	GEN	24	49	u6eh			0	Now therefore	“Now.” Here “Now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
1570	GEN	24	49	yac9	figs-explicit		0	if you are prepared to show covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness to my master, tell me	How they could show the covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “tell me if you will be faithful and trustworthy to my master by giving Rebekah to be his son’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1571	GEN	24	49	q5fw	figs-you		0	you	The word “you” refers to Laban and Bethuel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1572	GEN	24	49	bf6u	figs-abstractnouns		0	faithfulness and trustworthiness	These abstract nouns can be stated as “faithful and trustworthy.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1573	GEN	24	49	r8l1	figs-ellipsis		0	But if not	The understood information can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “But if you are not prepared to treat my master with family faithfulness and trustworthiness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1574	GEN	24	49	yjd9	figs-metaphor		0	so that I may turn to the right hand or to the left	Possible meanings are (1) deciding what to do is spoken of as if the person will physically turn one direction or another. Alternate translation: “so that I will know what do” or (2) the servant wants to know if he needs to travel somewhere else. Alternate translation: “so that I may continue on my journey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1575	GEN	24	50	jew5			0	Bethuel	This was the father of Laban and Rebekah.
1576	GEN	24	50	x54j			0	The thing has come from Yahweh	“Yahweh has caused all of this to happen”
1577	GEN	24	50	e21v	figs-idiom		0	we cannot speak to you either bad or good	They are saying they do not have the authority to decide whether what God has done is good or bad. Alternate translation: “we dare not judge what Yahweh is doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1578	GEN	24	51	y3tx			0	Look, Rebekah is	“You can see Rebekah here”
1579	GEN	24	51	zkd6			0	Rebekah is before you	“Here is Rebekah”
1580	GEN	24	52	f6nn			0	their words	“what Laban and Bethuel said”
1581	GEN	24	52	s5s4	translate-symaction		0	he bowed himself down	Bowing down before God is an expression of worship to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1582	GEN	24	53	c4x7			0	articles of silver and articles of gold	“silver and gold items” or “things made of silver and gold”
1583	GEN	24	53	yqa2			0	precious gifts	“expensive gifts” or “valuable gifts”
1584	GEN	24	54	w8v9			0	he and the men who were with him	“Abraham’s servant and his men”
1585	GEN	24	54	ssz6			0	stayed there overnight	“slept there that night”
1586	GEN	24	54	v8m5			0	arose in the morning	“got up the next morning”
1587	GEN	24	54	fw75			0	Send me away	“Let me leave and return”
1588	GEN	24	55	a6ia			0	a few more days, at least ten	“at least ten more days”
1589	GEN	24	55	ce7w			0	After that	“Then”
1590	GEN	24	56	pr3s			0	he said	“Abraham’s servant said”
1591	GEN	24	56	sl94			0	to them	“to Rebekah’s brother and mother”
1592	GEN	24	56	dav8			0	Do not hinder me	“Do not delay me” or “Do not make me wait”
1593	GEN	24	56	jnv7	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh has prospered my way	Here “way” stands for a journey. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has caused me to succeed in the purpose my journey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1594	GEN	24	56	g87g			0	Send me on my way	“Allow me to leave”
1595	GEN	24	59	qez3			0	So they sent their sister Rebekah	“So the family sent Rebekah”
1596	GEN	24	59	e462			0	their sister	Rebekah was Laban’s sister. Alternate translation: “their relative” or “Laban’s sister”
1597	GEN	24	59	uvk2			0	her female servant	This refers to the female servant who had fed Rebekah when she was a baby, cared for her when she was a child, and still served her.
1598	GEN	24	60	ck3m			0	Our sister	Rebekah was not the sister to everyone in her family. But they called her this to show that they loved her. Alternate translation: “Our dear Rebekah”
1599	GEN	24	60	lz94			0	may you be the mother of thousands of ten thousands	Here “mother” stands for ancestor. Alternate translation: “may you be the ancestor of millions of people” or “may you have very many descendants”
1600	GEN	24	60	k4au	translate-numbers		0	thousands of ten thousands	This means a very large number or an uncountable number. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1601	GEN	24	60	lj6f	figs-metonymy		0	may your descendants possess the gate of those who hate them	Armies would break through the gate of their enemies’ cities and conquer the people. Alternate translation: “may your descendants completely defeat those who hate them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1602	GEN	24	61	m2sa			0	Then Rebekah arose, and she and her servant girls mounted the camels	“Then Rebekah and her servant girls went and got on the camels”
1603	GEN	24	61	s54m			0	Thus the servant took Rebekah, and went his way	“In this way Abraham’s servant took Rebekah with him and returned to where he had come from”
1604	GEN	24	62	de8g			0	Now	This word marks a change in the story. It was telling about the servant finding a wife, and now it will tell about Isaac.
1605	GEN	24	62	a6ll			0	Beer Lahai Roi	This is the name of a water well in the Negev. See how you translated it in [Genesis 16:14](../16/14.md).
1606	GEN	24	63	l5s8			0	Isaac went out to meditate in the field in the evening	“One evening Isaac went out to the field to think.” This must have been a long time after the servant and Rebekah left her home since they had to travel a long distance.
1607	GEN	24	63	r5zl			0	When he looked up and saw, behold, there were camels coming!	The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. “When he looked up he was surprised to see camels coming”
1608	GEN	24	64	ct8r			0	Rebekah looked	“Rebekah looked up”
1609	GEN	24	64	xm2p			0	she jumped down from the camel	“she quickly got off the camel”
1610	GEN	24	65	ai22	translate-symaction		0	So she took her veil, and covered herself	“So she covered her face with her veil.” This is a sign of respect and modesty towards the man she will marry. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1611	GEN	24	65	x2me			0	veil	a piece of cloth used to cover a person’s head, shoulders and face
1612	GEN	24	67	c5ut	figs-doublet		0	took Rebekah, and she became his wife	Both of these phrases mean that Isaac married Rebekah. Alternate translation: “married Rebekah” or “took her as his wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1613	GEN	24	67	h9zw	figs-activepassive		0	So Isaac was comforted	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So Rebekah comforted Isaac” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1614	GEN	25	intro	ig86			0		# Genesis 25 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 25:23.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Polygamy<br>Abraham married another wife. This was sinful of him. Many other Hebrew leaders came to marry multiple wives. This is known as “polygamy.” It has never been an acceptable practice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Inheritance<br>In the ancient Near East, inheritance was passed on through the eldest son. Even though Esau and Jacob were twins, it is very important that Esau was born first. It was his birthright to receive his inheritance, but he foolishly gave it up. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/birthright]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### God fulfill’s his promise<br>God begins to fulfill the promise he gave to Abraham about making his descendants numerous. Many of these children through his concubines would become large people groups. This may not be easy to understand without the remainder of the Old Testament and the history it records. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1615	GEN	25	1	cu8t	translate-names		0	General Information:	See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]].
1616	GEN	25	4	rx7z			0	All these	This refers to the people named in verses 2-4.
1617	GEN	25	5	l5pw			0	Abraham gave all that he owned to Isaac	“Isaac inherited all that Abraham owned.” It was normal for the father to divide his wealth when he was old and not leave that for others to do after he died.
1618	GEN	25	7	wx9m	translate-numbers		0	These were the days of the years of Abraham’s life which he lived, 175 years	“These were…he lived, one hundred and seventy-five years.” Abraham lived 175 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1619	GEN	25	8	p4ht	figs-doublet		0	Abraham breathed his last and died	“Abraham took his last breath and died.” The phrases “breathed his last” and “died” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Abraham died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1620	GEN	25	8	ej3k	figs-euphemism		0	breathed his last	This is a polite way of saying a person died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1621	GEN	25	8	g4ax	figs-doublet		0	at a good old age, an old man with a full life	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Abraham lived a very long time. Alternate translation: “when he had lived a very long time and was very old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1622	GEN	25	8	yns7	figs-metaphor		0	an old man with a full life	Living a long life is spoken of as if life were a container that becomes full. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1623	GEN	25	8	x8xg	figs-idiom		0	he was gathered to his people	This means that after Abraham died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he joined his family members who had already died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1624	GEN	25	9	mwj2			0	the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron	Ephron owned a field in Machpelah and the cave that was in that field. Abraham bought the field from Ephron.
1625	GEN	25	9	q9gq	translate-names		0	Machpelah	Machpelah was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:9](../23/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1626	GEN	25	9	cy2d	translate-names		0	Ephron…Zohar	These are names of men. See how you translated these men’s names in [Genesis 23:8](../23/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1627	GEN	25	9	s1d5			0	which is near Mamre	Machpela was near Mamre.
1628	GEN	25	9	k9tk	translate-names		0	Mamre	This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this place name in [Genesis 23:17](../23/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1629	GEN	25	10	sbt9			0	This field Abraham had bought	“Abraham had bought this field”
1630	GEN	25	10	f1i4			0	sons of Heth	“the descendants of Heth” or “the Hittites.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:5](../23/05.md).
1631	GEN	25	10	d9zw	figs-activepassive		0	Abraham was buried	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They buried Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1632	GEN	25	11	qdt2	translate-names		0	Beer Lahai Roi	This name means “the well of the living one who sees me.” See how you translated this place name in [Genesis 16:14](../16/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1633	GEN	25	12	uwb2			0	Now	This word is used in English to introduce a new part of the story and information about Ishmael.
1634	GEN	25	13	gn6t	translate-names		0	General Information:	See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]].
1635	GEN	25	16	xgd3			0	These were Ishmael’s sons, and these were their names, by their villages, and by their encampments; twelve princes according to their tribes	This can be stated as two sentences. “These were the names of Ishmael’s twelve sons. They led tribes that were named after them, and they each had their own villages and campsites”
1636	GEN	25	16	e5ag	translate-numbers		0	twelve	“12” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1637	GEN	25	16	iy7y			0	princes	Here the word “princes” means that the men were leaders or rules of the tribes; it does not mean that they were the sons of a king.
1638	GEN	25	17	nem6	translate-numbers		0	These were the years of the life of Ishmael, 137 years	“These were…Ishmael, one hundred and thirty-seven years.” Ishmael lived 137 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1639	GEN	25	17	s1vq	figs-doublet		0	breathed his last and died	The terms “breathed his last” and “died” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1640	GEN	25	17	p7dl	figs-idiom		0	was gathered to his people	This means that after Ishmael died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he joined his family members who had already died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1641	GEN	25	18	q1vv			0	They lived	“His descendants settled”
1642	GEN	25	18	z9aa			0	from Havilah to Ashhur	“between Havilah and Ashhur”
1643	GEN	25	18	pk2r	translate-names		0	Havilah	Havilah was located somewhere in the Arabian Desert. See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1644	GEN	25	18	ev35			0	as one goes toward	“in the direction of”
1645	GEN	25	18	p8m3			0	They lived in hostility with each other	Possible meanings are (1) “they did not live in peace together,” or (2) “they lived away from their other relatives.”
1646	GEN	25	19	t67i	figs-explicit		0	These were the events concerning Isaac, Abraham’s son	This sentence introduces the account of Isaac’s descendants in Genesis 25:19-35:29. Alternate translation: “This is the account of the descendants of Isaac, Abraham’s son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1647	GEN	25	20	gih8	translate-numbers		0	forty years old	“40 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1648	GEN	25	20	g4lq			0	when he took as his wife Rebekah	“when he married Rebekah”
1649	GEN	25	20	xn63	translate-names		0	Bethuel	Bethuel was Rebekah’s father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22](../22/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1650	GEN	25	20	dft3	translate-names		0	Paddan Aram	This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1651	GEN	25	21	wr2b			0	she was childless	“she was unable to become pregnant”
1652	GEN	25	21	zn2s	figs-explicit		0	Rebekah his wife conceived	It can be made explicit that Rebekah was pregnant with two babies at the same time: “Rebekah, his wife, became pregnant with twins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1653	GEN	25	22	as86			0	The children struggled together within her	“the babies inside her kept bumping against each other” or “The babies pushed against each other within her”
1654	GEN	25	22	gza2	figs-explicit		0	The children…within her	Rebekah was pregnant with twins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1655	GEN	25	22	u1xs			0	She went to ask Yahweh about this	“She went and asked Yahweh about this.” It is not clear where she went. She may have gone somewhere private to pray, or she may have gone somewhere to offer a sacrifice.
1656	GEN	25	23	y9m7			0	said to her	“said to Rebekah”
1657	GEN	25	23	m836	writing-poetry		0	Two nations…serve the younger	This is poetic language. If your language has a way to indicate poetry, you could use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
1658	GEN	25	23	s1wf	figs-metonymy		0	Two nations are in your womb	Here “two nations” stands for the two children. Each child will be the father of a nation. Alternate translation: “Two nations will come from the twins within you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1659	GEN	25	23	lxl5	figs-metonymy		0	two peoples will be separated from within you	Here “two peoples” stands for the two children. Each child will be the father of a people. This can be translated with an active verb. Alternate translation: “when you give birth to these two children they will be rivals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1660	GEN	25	23	pgz5			0	the older will serve the younger	Possible meanings are (1) “the older son will serve the younger son” or (2) “the descendants of the older son will serve the descendants of the younger son.” If possible, translate it so that people could understand either meaning.
1661	GEN	25	24	urq6			0	behold, there	“she was surprised to learn that there”
1662	GEN	25	25	wyy1	figs-simile		0	red all over like a hairy garment	Possible meanings are (1) his skin was red and he had a lot of hair on his body or (2) he had a lot of red hair on his body. Alternate translation: “red and hairy like a garment made of animal hair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1663	GEN	25	25	p7lj			0	Esau	Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Esau sounds like the word ‘hairy.’”
1664	GEN	25	26	u57z			0	grasping Esau’s heel	“holding the back part of Esau’s foot”
1665	GEN	25	26	gls8			0	Jacob	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Jacob means ‘he grasps the heel.’”
1666	GEN	25	26	i7ic	translate-numbers		0	sixty years old	“60 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1667	GEN	25	27	a46v			0	became a skillful hunter	“became good at hunting and killing animals for food”
1668	GEN	25	27	ee9p			0	a quiet man	“a peaceful man” or “a less active man”
1669	GEN	25	27	n923	figs-metaphor		0	who spent his time in the tents	This speaks about time as if it were a commodity that someone could spend. Alternate translation: “who remained in the tents much of the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1670	GEN	25	28	t4i8	writing-background		0	Now	This word is used to mark a change in focus, shifting from the story to background information about Isaac and Rebekah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1671	GEN	25	28	yr46			0	Isaac loved	Here the word “loved” means “favored” or “preferred.”
1672	GEN	25	28	m6rw			0	because he ate the animals that he had hunted	“because he ate the animals that Esau had hunted” or “because he enjoyed eating the wild animal meat that Esau caught”
1673	GEN	25	29	z5en			0	Jacob cooked	Since this is the beginning of a story about something that happened one time, some translators may want to start it with a phrase like “One day, Jacob cooked” in a similar manner to the UST.
1674	GEN	25	29	n13g			0	cooked some stew	“boiled some food” or “cooked some soup.” This stew was made of boiled lentils ([Genesis 25:34](../25/34.md)).
1675	GEN	25	29	ms24			0	he was weak from hunger	“he was weak because he was very hungry” or “he was very hungry”
1676	GEN	25	30	se91			0	I am exhausted	“I am weak from hunger” or “I am very hungry”
1677	GEN	25	30	x1uk			0	Edom	Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Edom means ‘red.’”
1678	GEN	25	31	nk7u			0	birthright	right as firstborn to inherit most of the father’s wealth
1679	GEN	25	32	efr4	figs-hyperbole		0	I am about to die	Esau was exaggerating to emphasize how hungry he was. Alternate translation: “I am so hungry I feel like I could die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1680	GEN	25	32	h8jv	figs-rquestion		0	What good is the birthright to me?	Esau used a question to emphasize that eating was more important than a birthright. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “My inheritance is no good to me if I die of hunger!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1681	GEN	25	33	b4qn	figs-explicit		0	First swear to me	What Jacob wanted Esau to swear can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “First swear to me that you will sell me your birthright” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1682	GEN	25	34	v7ff	translate-unknown		0	lentils	These are like beans, but their seeds are very small, round, and somewhat flat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1683	GEN	25	34	r6tg			0	Esau despised his birthright	“Esau showed that he did not value his birthright”
1684	GEN	26	intro	cwz4			0		# Genesis 26 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Trust<br>When things in the land were bad, Isaac did not trust in Yahweh. Instead, he ran to the safety of Egypt. Even when Abraham’s descendants did not trust in Yahweh’s faithfulness to fulfill his covenant, Yahweh remained faithful to his covenant and blessed Isaac. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>### Wells<br>In the ancient Near East, wells were very important strategically. Therefore, they were a sign of power and a sign of God’s blessing being upon Isaac.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “She is my sister”<br>Isaac was afraid the Egyptians would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Rebekah to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Isaac’s sister, they would have shown favor to him. This is the same thing his father, Abraham, did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])
1685	GEN	26	1	n54s			0	Now	This word is used here to mark a new part of the story.
1686	GEN	26	1	vwi7			0	a famine happened	“there was a famine” or “there was another famine”
1687	GEN	26	1	ags3	figs-explicit		0	in the land	You can state explicitly the land to which this refers. Alternate translation: “in the land where Isaac and his family lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1688	GEN	26	1	a6wl			0	that had been in the days of Abraham	“that had happened during Abraham’s life” or “that had happened while Abraham was alive”
1689	GEN	26	2	p1xe			0	General Information:	Yahweh begins to speak to Isaac.
1690	GEN	26	2	t4aj			0	appeared to him	“appeared to Isaac”
1691	GEN	26	2	mqf3	figs-idiom		0	Do not go down to Egypt	It was common to speak of leaving the promised land as “going down” to another place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1692	GEN	26	3	v9hh			0	for to you and to your descendants, I will give all these lands	“for I will give all these lands to you and your descendants”
1693	GEN	26	3	ekq9			0	I will fulfill the oath that I swore to Abraham your father	“I will do what I promised Abraham your father I would do”
1694	GEN	26	4	tu5b			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Isaac.
1695	GEN	26	4	y44e			0	I will multiply your descendants	“I will cause you to have very many descendants.”
1696	GEN	26	4	k6jq	figs-simile		0	like the stars of heaven	This speaks about the number of Isaac’s descendants as if they were the same as the number of stars. See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:17](../22/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1697	GEN	26	4	jm8x			0	heaven	This refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars.
1698	GEN	26	4	hpl9	figs-activepassive		0	all the nations of the earth will be blessed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will bless all the nations of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1699	GEN	26	5	nr7e	figs-parallelism		0	Abraham obeyed my voice and kept my instructions, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws	The phrases “obeyed my voice” and “kept my instructions, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Abraham obeyed me and did everything I commanded him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1700	GEN	26	5	brk9	figs-synecdoche		0	obeyed my voice	Here “voice” stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “obeyed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1701	GEN	26	6	wr4q	figs-explicit		0	So Isaac settled in Gerar	Only Isaac is mentioned because he is the leader of the family, but his whole family was with him. Alternate translation: “So Isaac and his family settled in Gerar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1702	GEN	26	7	rr88			0	He feared to say	Here “fear” refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others. “He was afraid to say”
1703	GEN	26	7	j128			0	to get Rebekah	“in order to take Rebekah”
1704	GEN	26	8	z63l			0	He saw, behold, Isaac	The word “behold” shows that what Abimelech saw surprised him. Alternate translation: “And he was surprised to see that Isaac”
1705	GEN	26	8	i16v			0	was caressing Rebekah	Possible meanings are (1) he was touching her the way a husband touches his wife or (2) he was laughing and talking with her the way a husband talks with his wife.
1706	GEN	26	9	hv6m	figs-metonymy		0	Abimelech called Isaac to him	Abimelech probably sent someone to tell Isaac that Abimelech wanted to see him. Alternate translation: “Abimelech sent someone to bring Isaac to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1707	GEN	26	9	aeb1	figs-quotesinquotes		0	Why did you say, ‘She is my sister’?	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Why did you say that she is your sister?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1708	GEN	26	9	m9n4			0	to get her	“so he could take her”
1709	GEN	26	10	t2ul	figs-rquestion		0	What is this you have done to us?	Abimelech used this question to scold Isaac. Alternate translation: “You should not have done this to us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1710	GEN	26	10	s759	figs-euphemism		0	might easily have lain with your wife	The word “lain” here is a euphemism for “had sexual relations.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1711	GEN	26	10	t1mu	figs-metaphor		0	you would have brought guilt upon us	This speaks about causing someone to be guilty as if “guilt” were an object that is placed on someone. Alternate translation: “you would have caused us to be guilty of taking a man’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1712	GEN	26	10	l5d1	figs-exclusive		0	upon us	Here “us” refers to Abimelech and his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1713	GEN	26	11	ztx1	figs-idiom		0	Whoever touches this man	Here “touches” means to touch in a harmful way. Alternate translation: “Whoever harms this man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1714	GEN	26	11	fk2l	figs-activepassive		0	will surely be put to death	Abimelech may have intended to tell someone to kill anyone who might harm Isaac or Rebekah. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will put him to death” or “I will order my men to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1715	GEN	26	12	tl8n			0	General Information:	This begins a new part of the story. It changes from telling about Isaac calling Rebekah his sister, and it starts to tell about how Isaac became very rich and the Philistines were jealous of him.
1716	GEN	26	12	f6x6			0	in that land	“in Gerar”
1717	GEN	26	12	d294	translate-numbers		0	a hundredfold	This means “one hundred times as much as he planted.” It can be translated more generally as “a very large crop.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1718	GEN	26	13	i68k			0	The man became rich	“Isaac became rich” or “He became rich”
1719	GEN	26	13	p5mh			0	grew more and more until he became very great	“he gained more and more until he became very wealthy”
1720	GEN	26	14	jv6c	figs-explicit		0	sheep	This may also include goats. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1721	GEN	26	14	h37m	figs-metonymy		0	a large household	Here “household” stands for workers or servants. Alternate translation: “many servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1722	GEN	26	14	f17g			0	The Philistines envied him	“The Philistines were jealous of him”
1723	GEN	26	15	rue9	grammar-connect-words-phrases		0	Now	Here this word does not mean “at this moment.” It is indicating where the action in the story begins. It can be translated with the connecting word “So” to show that this is a result of what happened in [Genesis 26:12-14](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
1724	GEN	26	15	xy1c			0	in the days of Abraham his father	The phrase “in the days of” stands for a person’s lifetime. Alternate translation: “when Abraham, his father, was living” or “during his father Abraham’s lifetime”
1725	GEN	26	16	f5ia	grammar-connect-words-phrases		0	Abimelech said	Possible meanings are (1) this is another action to force Isaac and his people to leave. Alternate translation: “Then Abimelech said” or “Finally Abimelech said” or (2) Abimelech made this decision because he saw that his people were jealous and acting in a hostile way towards Isaac. Alternate translation: “Therefore Abimelech said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
1726	GEN	26	16	e8vy			0	much mightier than we	“much stronger than we are”
1727	GEN	26	17	tz3u	figs-explicit		0	So Isaac departed	Only Isaac is mentioned because he is the leader, but his family and servants went with him. Alternate translation: “So Isaac and his household left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1728	GEN	26	18	r15b	figs-synecdoche		0	Isaac dug out	Here “Isaac” stands for Isaac and his servants. Alternate translation: “Isaac and his servants dug out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1729	GEN	26	18	hly9			0	which they had dug	“which Abraham’s servants had dug”
1730	GEN	26	18	c6vy			0	in the days of Abraham his father	“during his father Abraham’s lifetime” or “when Abraham, his father, was living”
1731	GEN	26	18	sn3p	figs-events		0	The Philistines had stopped them up	This was the reason that Isaac dug them out. Possible ways to translate this are: (1) Since this happened first, this sentence can come before the sentence about Isaac digging them out, as in the UST. or (2) This sentence can start with “Isaac did this because the Philistines had stopped them up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
1732	GEN	26	18	jfl7			0	had stopped them up	“had filled them with earth”
1733	GEN	26	19	b9ic	figs-idiom		0	flowing water	This phrase refers to a natural spring they uncovered when they were digging a new well. It provided a continuous flow of fresh drinking water. Alternate translation: “fresh water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1734	GEN	26	20	m6un			0	herdsmen	men who tended livestock
1735	GEN	26	20	ls3b	figs-exclusive		0	This water is ours	Here “ours” refers to the herdsmen of Gerar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1736	GEN	26	20	nw21	translate-names		0	Esek	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Esek means ‘quarrel’ or ‘argue.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1737	GEN	26	21	kan5			0	Then they dug	“Then Isaac’s servants dug”
1738	GEN	26	21	t12r			0	they quarreled	“the herdsmen of Gerar argued with Isaac’s herdsmen”
1739	GEN	26	21	ss3i			0	so he gave it	“so Isaac gave it”
1740	GEN	26	21	ny83	translate-names		0	Sitnah	Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Sitnah means ‘oppose’ or ‘accuse.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1741	GEN	26	22	gd8u	translate-names		0	Rehoboth	Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Rehoboth means ‘make room for’ or ‘empty place.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1742	GEN	26	22	kj55			0	us…we	Isaac was speaking about himself and his household.
1743	GEN	26	23	ct3x			0	Isaac went up from there to Beersheba	Here “went up” is probably a reference to going north. Say that he departed in the most natural way for your language. Alternate translation: “Isaac left there and went to Beersheba”
1744	GEN	26	24	sq69			0	multiply your descendants	“will cause your descendants to increase greatly” or “will cause your descendants to be very many”
1745	GEN	26	24	j1jd	figs-explicit		0	for my servant Abraham’s sake	“for my servant Abraham” or you can make the full meaning explicit. Alternate translation: “because I promised my servant Abraham that I would do this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1746	GEN	26	25	g525	figs-explicit		0	Isaac built an altar there	You can make explicit why Isaac built an altar. Alternate translation: “Isaac built an altar there to sacrifice to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1747	GEN	26	25	pam6	figs-metonymy		0	called on the name of Yahweh	To “call on” means to pray or to worship. Here “name” stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh” or “worshiped Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1748	GEN	26	26	k6ep			0	went to him	“went to Isaac”
1749	GEN	26	26	ls17	translate-names		0	Ahuzzath	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1750	GEN	26	26	lca7			0	his friend	Possible meanings are (1) “Abimelech’s friend” or (2) “Abimelech’s advisor.”
1751	GEN	26	26	mcz9	translate-names		0	Phicol	This is the name of a man. See how you translated his name in [Genesis 21:22](../21/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1752	GEN	26	28	pw9y			0	they said	This refers to Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol. One of them spoke and the other two agreed with what he said. It does not mean they all spoke at the same time. Alternate translation: “one of them said”
1753	GEN	26	28	pt6d			0	We have clearly seen	“We know” or “We are certain”
1754	GEN	26	28	wg9d			0	So let us make a covenant	“So we want to make a covenant”
1755	GEN	26	29	b7sa			0	and as we have treated you well	This can also be translated as the beginning of a new sentence. “We have done only good to you”
1756	GEN	26	29	qgj3	figs-activepassive		0	you are blessed by Yahweh	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has blessed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1757	GEN	26	30	ur1a	figs-explicit		0	Isaac made a feast for them, and they ate and drank	Eating a meal together was a part of making a covenant with one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1758	GEN	26	30	wvz4			0	for them	Here “them” refers to “Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol”
1759	GEN	26	30	rb7d			0	they ate	Here “they” refers to Isaac, Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol. Alternate translation: “they all ate”
1760	GEN	26	31	bpu3			0	They rose early	“They awoke early”
1761	GEN	26	33	l4xz	translate-names		0	He called the well Shibah	“So he called the well Shibah.” Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Shibah sounds like the word that means ‘oath.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1762	GEN	26	33	ymy1			0	Beersheba	Translators may add a footnote saying “Beersheba can mean either “well of the oath” or “well of seven.” (See note on [Genesis 21:32](../21/32.md))
1763	GEN	26	34	mr5x			0	General Information:	Most of Genesis 26 was about Isaac. These verses are about his older son Esau.
1764	GEN	26	34	n2fj	translate-numbers		0	forty	“40” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1765	GEN	26	34	f6p7	figs-explicit		0	he took a wife	“he married.” You can state explicitly that he married two women. Alternate translation: “he took two wives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1766	GEN	26	34	n6q3	translate-names		0	Judith…Basemath	These are the names of Esau’s wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1767	GEN	26	34	vpc3	translate-names		0	Beeri…Elon	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1768	GEN	26	34	es97	translate-names		0	the Hittite	“the descendant of Heth” or “a descendant of Heth.” The Hittite people were the descendants of Heth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1769	GEN	26	35	tfu7	figs-metaphor		0	They brought sorrow to Isaac and Rebekah	Here “they” refers to Judith and Basemath. To make someone sorrowful or miserable is spoken of as if “sorrow” were an object that a person could bring to another person. Alternate translation: “They made Isaac and Rebekah sorrowful” or “Isaac and Rebekah were miserable because of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1770	GEN	27	intro	r9m3			0		# Genesis 27 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 27:27-29 and in 27:39-40.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Blessing<br>In the ancient Near East, a father’s blessing was very important. This spoken blessing was legally binding. Jacob previously received the birthright from Esau and was guaranteed the double portion of land money that was supposed to be inherited by the older son, Esau. In this chapter, Jacob tricks Isaac into giving him Esau’s blessing. This means that he is to inherit the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/birthright]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
1771	GEN	27	1	dk7f	figs-metaphor		0	his eyes were dim	This speaks about being nearly blind as if the eyes were a lamp and the light has nearly gone out. Alternate translation: “he was nearly blind” or “he was almost blind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1772	GEN	27	1	xl56			0	Here I am	“I am here” or “I am listening.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md).
1773	GEN	27	2	chx2	figs-explicit		0	See here	The phrase “see here” adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1774	GEN	27	2	r5ug	figs-explicit		0	I do not know the day of my death	It is implied that Isaac knows he will die soon. Alternate translation: “I may die any day now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1775	GEN	27	2	djk1			0	death	This refers to physical death.
1776	GEN	27	3	g526			0	General Information:	Isaac continues giving instructions to his older son Isaac.
1777	GEN	27	3	dk3j			0	your weapons	“your hunting equipment”
1778	GEN	27	3	q9sp	figs-explicit		0	your quiver	A quiver is a case for holding arrows. Alternate translation: “your quiver of arrows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1779	GEN	27	3	r6x1			0	hunt game for me	“hunt a wild animal for me”
1780	GEN	27	4	z48e	figs-explicit		0	Make delicious food for me, the sort that I love	The word “delicious” refers to something that tastes very good. Alternate translation: “Cook for me the tasty meat that I love” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1781	GEN	27	4	wt6a			0	bless you	In Bible times, a father would often pronounce a formal blessing on his children.
1782	GEN	27	5	xjr9	writing-background		0		This verse is background information for the description of the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1783	GEN	27	5	wkc6	writing-background		0	Now	This verse is background information for the description of the events that follow. The word “now” shows that the author is going to begin to talk about Rebekah and Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1784	GEN	27	5	f3na			0	Rebekah heard it when Isaac spoke to Esau his son	“Rebekah heard Isaac speaking to his son Esau”
1785	GEN	27	5	wpq7			0	to Esau his son	Esau was the son of both Isaac and Rebekah. The author calls Esau “his son” to emphasize that Isaac preferred Esau over Isaac.
1786	GEN	27	6	jlu7	writing-background		0		This verse continues the background information that begins with the words “Now Rebekah heard” in verse 5. It is background information for the description of the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1787	GEN	27	6	fr9i	grammar-connect-words-phrases		0	Rebekah spoke to Jacob	This verse continues the background information that begins with the words “Esau went…bring it back” in verse 5. It is background information for the description of the events that follow. After Esau leaves, Rebekah speaks to Jacob because of what she has heard. “So when Esau went…bring it back, Rebekah spoke to Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1788	GEN	27	6	j6cj			0	to Jacob her son	Jacob was the son of both Isaac and Rebekah. The author calls Jacob “her son” here to emphasize that Rebekah preferred Jacob over Esau.
1789	GEN	27	6	yc8h			0	See here	The phrase “see here” adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully”
1790	GEN	27	7	nl2j	figs-quotesinquotes		0	‘Bring me game and make me delicious food, that I may eat it and bless you in the presence of Yahweh before my death.’	These are the words that the author introduces with the words “He said” in verse 6. This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. “He told Esau to hunt a wild animal, and to make the tasty meat that he loves. Then before he dies, your father will bless Esau in the presence of Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1791	GEN	27	7	chc2			0	Bring me game	“Bring me a wild animal that you hunt and kill”
1792	GEN	27	7	epu1			0	make me delicious food	“cook for me the tasty meat that I love.” See how this was translated in [Genesis 27:4](../27/04.md).
1793	GEN	27	7	tq2y			0	bless you in the presence of Yahweh	“bless you before Yahweh”
1794	GEN	27	7	ei7n			0	before my death	“before I die”
1795	GEN	27	8	f173			0	General Information:	Rebekah continues to speak to her younger son Jacob.
1796	GEN	27	8	y3a9			0	Now	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
1797	GEN	27	8	g188	figs-metonymy		0	obey my voice as I command you	Rebekah said “my voice” to refer to what she was saying. Alternate translation: “obey me and do what I tell you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1798	GEN	27	9	vla2			0	I will make delicious food from them for your father, just like he loves	The word “delicious” refers to something that tastes very good. See how a similar sentence was translated in [Genesis 27:4](../27/04.md).
1799	GEN	27	10	jnw9			0	You will take it to your father	“Then take it to your father”
1800	GEN	27	10	y1kp			0	so that he may eat it, so that he may bless you	“and after he eats it, he will bless you”
1801	GEN	27	10	j39b			0	he may bless you	The word “bless” refers to the formal blessing a father pronounces on his children.
1802	GEN	27	10	g1ev			0	before his death	“before he dies”
1803	GEN	27	11	qtd3			0	I am a smooth man	“I am a man with smooth skin” or “I am not hairy”
1804	GEN	27	12	t3a4			0	I will seem to him as a deceiver	“he will think that I am a liar” or “he will know that I am deceiving him”
1805	GEN	27	12	s8h4	figs-metaphor		0	I will bring a curse upon me and not a blessing	Being cursed or blessed is spoken of as if a curse and a blessing are objects that are placed on a person. Alternate translation: “Then because of this, he will curse me and not bless me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1806	GEN	27	13	svh3	figs-metaphor		0	My son, let any curse fall on me	“let your curse be on me, my son.” Being cursed is spoken of as if the curse were on object that is placed on the person. Alternate translation: “let your father curse me instead of you, my son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1807	GEN	27	13	yj3y	figs-metonymy		0	obey my voice	Rebekah said “my voice” to refer to what she was saying. Alternate translation: “obey what I tell you” or “obey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1808	GEN	27	13	p12u			0	bring them to me	“bring me the young goats”
1809	GEN	27	14	fje9			0	made delicious food, just like his father loved	The word “delicious” refers to something that tastes very good. See how a similar sentence was translated in [Genesis 27:4](../27/04.md).
1810	GEN	27	16	cd2u			0	She put the skins of the young goats on his hands	The goat skins still had the hair on them.
1811	GEN	27	17	zjt6			0	She put the delicious food and the bread that she had prepared into the hand of her son Jacob	“She gave to her son Jacob the delicious food and bread which she had prepared”
1812	GEN	27	18	ak4j			0	Here I am	“Yes, I am listening” or “Yes, what is it?” See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md).
1813	GEN	27	19	rss2			0	I have done as you said to me	“I have done what you told me to do”
1814	GEN	27	19	h2fq			0	some of my game	The word “game” refers to wild animals that someone hunts and kills. See how “game” was translated in [Genesis 27:3](../27/03.md).
1815	GEN	27	20	rke8			0	He said	“Jacob replied”
1816	GEN	27	20	wk6c	figs-idiom		0	brought it to me	This is an idiom meaning that God caused it to happen. Alternate translation: “helped me to succeed while hunting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1817	GEN	27	21	jmh1			0	whether you are my true son Esau or not	“if you are really my son Esau”
1818	GEN	27	22	zy8a			0	Jacob went over to Isaac his father	“Jacob approached Isaac his father”
1819	GEN	27	22	g574	figs-synecdoche		0	The voice is Jacob’s voice	Here Issac speaks of Jacob’s voice as representing Jacob. Alternate translation: “You sound like Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1820	GEN	27	22	yi47	figs-synecdoche		0	but the hands are the hands of Esau	Here Issac speaks of Esau’s hands as representing Esau. Alternate translation: “but your hands feel like Esau’s hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1821	GEN	27	24	wi51	figs-events		0	He said	Isaac asks this question before blessing his son. Alternate translation: “But first Isaac asked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
1822	GEN	27	25	sqb8			0	eat of your game	The word “game” refers to a wild animal that people hunt and kill. See how “game” was translated in [Genesis 27:7](../27/07.md).
1823	GEN	27	25	w6sf			0	he drank	“Isaac drank it”
1824	GEN	27	27	tr1w	figs-explicit		0	he smelled the smell of his clothes and blessed him	It can be made explicit that the clothes smelled like Esau’s clothes. Alternate translation: “he smelled his clothes and they smelled like Esau’s clothes, so Isaac blessed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1825	GEN	27	27	nr5p			0	he smelled	“Isaac smelled”
1826	GEN	27	27	e57u			0	the smell	“the scent”
1827	GEN	27	27	t86t			0	blessed him	“then he blessed him.” This refers to the formal blessing a father pronounces on his children.
1828	GEN	27	27	m1kb			0	See, the smell of my son	The word “see” is used as an emphatic figure of speech to mean “it is true.” Alternate translation: “Truly, the smell of my son”
1829	GEN	27	27	s46h	figs-idiom		0	that Yahweh has blessed	Here the word “blessed” means that Yahweh has caused good things to happen to the field and it has become fruitful. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh has caused to be very productive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1830	GEN	27	28	q1wj			0	General Information:	This is Isaac’s blessing. He thought he was speaking to Esau, but he was speaking to Jacob.
1831	GEN	27	28	e1me	figs-you		0	give you	Here “you” is singular and refers to Jacob. But the blessing would also apply to Jacob’s descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1832	GEN	27	28	v1nn	figs-explicit		0	dew of heaven	“Dew” is drops of water that form on the plants during the night. This can be made explicit in the translation. Alternate translation: “night mist from heaven to water your crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1833	GEN	27	28	wst4	figs-metaphor		0	fatness of the earth	Having fertile land is spoken of as if the earth were fat or rich. Alternate translation: “good soil for producing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1834	GEN	27	28	hlu3	figs-explicit		0	plenty of grain and new wine	If “grain” and “wine” are unknown, this can be stated more generally. Alternate translation: “plenty of food and drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1835	GEN	27	29	z9hr	figs-you		0	you…your	Here these pronouns are singular and refer to Jacob. But the blessing also applies to Jacob’s descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1836	GEN	27	29	i4ct	figs-metonymy		0	nations bow down	Here “nations” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “people from all nations bow down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1837	GEN	27	29	qa8g	translate-symaction		0	bow down	This means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1838	GEN	27	29	z1qi			0	Be master over your brothers	“Become a master over your brothers”
1839	GEN	27	29	lvg1	figs-synecdoche		0	your brothers…your mother’s sons	Isaac is speaking this blessing directly to Jacob. But, it also applies to Jacob’s descendants who will rule over the descendants of Esau and the descendants of any other of Jacob’s brothers that he may have. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1840	GEN	27	29	vc3p			0	may your mother’s sons bow down to you	“your mother’s sons will bow down to you”
1841	GEN	27	29	af44	figs-activepassive		0	May every one who curses you be cursed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May God curse everyone who curses you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1842	GEN	27	29	rwr2	figs-activepassive		0	may every one who blesses you be blessed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May God bless everyone who blesses you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1843	GEN	27	30	dae7			0	had scarcely gone out from the presence of Isaac his father	“had just left the tent of Isaac his father”
1844	GEN	27	31	htl4			0	delicious food	“tasty meat that I love.” See how this was translated in [Genesis 27:3](../27/03.md).
1845	GEN	27	31	jjd8	figs-123person		0	some of your son’s game	Here “your son’s” was a polite way of Esau referring to his own food he prepared. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1846	GEN	27	31	r39y			0	your son’s game	The word “game” refers to wild animals that people hunt to eat. See how “game” was translated in [Genesis 27:7](../27/07.md).
1847	GEN	27	31	p6yp			0	bless me	This refers to the formal blessing a father pronounces on his children.
1848	GEN	27	32	qzp4			0	said to him	“said to Esau”
1849	GEN	27	33	s8l1			0	Isaac trembled	“Isaac began to shake”
1850	GEN	27	33	vrt1			0	hunted this game	Game refers to a wild animal that people hunt and kill. See how “game” was translated in [Genesis 27:7](../27/07.md).
1851	GEN	27	34	g5y4	figs-metaphor		0	he cried with a very great and bitter cry	Esau’s anguish was similar to the taste of something bitter. Alternate translation: “he cried loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1852	GEN	27	35	xrv3	figs-metaphor		0	has taken away your blessing	This is a figure of speech meaning Jacob took what was Esau’s. Alternate translation: “I have blessed him instead of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1853	GEN	27	36	vpk4	figs-rquestion		0	Is he not rightly named Jacob?	Esau uses a question to emphasize his anger at Jacob. Alternate translation: “Jacob is certainly the right name for my brother!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1854	GEN	27	36	rq3b			0	Jacob	Translators may also add a footnote that says: “The name Jacob means ‘he grasps the heel.’ In the original language the name ‘Jacob’ also sounds like the word for ‘he deceives.’”
1855	GEN	27	36	s7al	figs-metaphor		0	He took away my birthright	This speaks about a birthright as if it were an object that a person could take away. Alternate translation: “What was once my birthright is now his because he tricked me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1856	GEN	27	36	d3f1	figs-metaphor		0	now he has taken away my blessing	This speaks about a blessing as if it were an object that person could take away. Alternate translation: “now he has tricked you into blessing him instead of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1857	GEN	27	36	bej9			0	Have you not reserved a blessing for me	Esau knows that his father cannot bless him with the same things that he blessed Jacob. Esau is asking if there is anything left to say to him that Isaac did not say while blessing Jacob.
1858	GEN	27	37	z3vr	figs-rquestion		0	What more can I do for you, my son?	Isaac uses a question to emphasize that there is nothing else he can do. Alternate translation: “There is nothing else I can do for you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1859	GEN	27	38	xf7q			0	Have you not even one blessing for me, my father	This can be stated in positive form. “My father, do you have one more blessing for me”
1860	GEN	27	39	yu4i			0	said to him	“said to Esau”
1861	GEN	27	39	j4p8			0	Look, the place	“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: the place”
1862	GEN	27	39	ykr5	figs-metaphor		0	far from the richness of the earth	This is a figure of speech referring to the earth’s fertility. Alternate translation: “far from the fertile soil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1863	GEN	27	39	xpl9	figs-explicit		0	dew of the sky above	“Dew” is drops of water that form on the plants during the night. This can be made explicit in the translation. Alternate translation: “the night mist from the sky to water your crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1864	GEN	27	40	vn48	figs-synecdoche		0	your…you	In 27:39-40 these pronouns are singular and refer to Esau, but what Isaac says also applies to Esau’s descendants (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1865	GEN	27	40	tzg9	figs-metonymy		0	By your sword you will live	Here “sword” stands for violence. Alternate translation: “You will rob and kill people in order to get what you need to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1866	GEN	27	40	rvk2	figs-metaphor		0	you will shake his yoke from off your neck	This speaks about someone having a master as if the master’s control over the person were a yoke that the person had to carry. Alternate translation: “you will free yourself from his control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1867	GEN	27	41	ajl9	figs-synecdoche		0	Esau said in his heart	Here “heart” stands for Esau himself. Alternate translation: “Esau said to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1868	GEN	27	41	f5u3			0	days of mourning for my father are near	This refers to a number of days a person grieves when a family member dies.
1869	GEN	27	42	xuy8	figs-activepassive		0	The words of Esau her older son were told to Rebekah	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told Rebekah about Esau’s plan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1870	GEN	27	42	f45j			0	See	“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1871	GEN	27	42	n35u			0	is consoling himself	“is making himself feel better”
1872	GEN	27	43	n2yn			0	Now	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
1873	GEN	27	43	h9zp			0	flee to Laban	“leave here quickly and go to Laban”
1874	GEN	27	44	f6w6			0	for a while	“for a period of time”
1875	GEN	27	44	nuh4			0	until your brother’s fury subsides	“until you brother calms down”
1876	GEN	27	45	bkx2	figs-metaphor		0	until your brother’s anger turns away from you	No longer being angry is spoken of as if the anger turns to a different direction away from the person. Alternate translation: “until he is no longer angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1877	GEN	27	45	s57p	figs-rquestion		0	Why should I lose you both in one day?	Rebekah uses a question to emphasize her concern. Alternate translation: “I do not want to lose both of you in one day!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1878	GEN	27	45	b5v1	figs-explicit		0	I lose you both in one day	It is implied that if Esau kills Jacob, then they will execute Esau as a murderer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1879	GEN	27	45	mt31	figs-euphemism		0	I lose	This is a polite way of referring to her sons dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1880	GEN	27	46	z2lw	figs-hyperbole		0	I am weary of life	Rebekah is exaggerating to emphasize how upset she is about the Hittite women that Esau married. Alternate translation: “I am terribly upset” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1881	GEN	27	46	d19k			0	the daughters of Heth	“these Hittite women” or “descendants of Heth”
1882	GEN	27	46	ujy2	figs-idiom		0	like these women, some of the daughters of the land	The phrase “daughters of the land” means the local females. Alternate translation: “like these women who live in this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1883	GEN	27	46	z91x	figs-rquestion		0	what good will my life be to me?	Rebekah uses a question to emphasize how upset she would be if Jacob marries a Hittite woman. Alternate translation: “My life will be awful!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1884	GEN	28	intro	t611			0		# Genesis 28 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Even though Jacob tricked his father in order to receive Esau’s blessing, the chapter repeats the blessing, ensuring he inherits the blessings promised to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jacob’s dream<br>Jacob had a dream or received a vision. The purpose of this dream is to show that, despite Jacob’s sin, God is giving Abraham’s covenant promises to Jacob and his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br><br>### Bethel<br>This was an important city for Abraham and his descendants. It is possible that there is some theological significance to the city of Bethel.
1885	GEN	28	1	nl2p			0	You must not take	“Do not take”
1886	GEN	28	2	jcc6			0	Arise, go	“Go right away”
1887	GEN	28	2	ptv8	translate-names		0	Paddan Aram	This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. See how this was translated in [Genesis 25:20](../25/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1888	GEN	28	2	dv3j	figs-metonymy		0	house of	This refers to a person’s descendants or other relatives. Alternate translation: “family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1889	GEN	28	2	m29w	translate-names		0	Bethuel	Bethuel was Rebekah’s father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22](../22/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1890	GEN	28	2	dh9y			0	your mother’s father	“your grandfather”
1891	GEN	28	2	fqr7			0	one of the daughters	“from the daughters”
1892	GEN	28	2	a74b			0	your mother’s brother	“your uncle”
1893	GEN	28	3	u2mm			0	General Information:	Isaac continues speaking to Jacob
1894	GEN	28	3	qw5a	figs-doublet		0	make you fruitful and multiply you	The word “multiply” explains how God would make Jacob “fruitful.” Alternate translation: “give you many children and descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1895	GEN	28	4	nas7	figs-metaphor		0	May he give you the blessing of Abraham, to you, and to your descendants after you	This speaks about blessing someone as if a blessing were an object that a person can give. The abstract noun “the blessing” can be stated as “bless.” Alternate translation: “May God bless you and your descendants as he blessed Abraham” or “May God give to you and your descendants what he promised to Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1896	GEN	28	4	eja3	figs-metaphor		0	that you may inherit the land	God giving the land of Canaan to Jacob and his descendants is spoken of as if a child were inheriting money or possessions from his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1897	GEN	28	4	da2s			0	the land where you have been living	“the land where you have been staying”
1898	GEN	28	4	yx4w			0	which God gave to Abraham	“which God promised to Abraham”
1899	GEN	28	5	c4ky	translate-names		0	Paddan Aram	This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. See how this was translated in [Genesis 25:20](../25/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1900	GEN	28	5	ses3	translate-names		0	Bethuel	Bethuel was Rebekah’s father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22](../22/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1901	GEN	28	6	b2pg			0	General Information:	The story changes from Jacob to Esau
1902	GEN	28	6	mjy9	writing-background		0	Now	This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Esau. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1903	GEN	28	6	ic25	translate-names		0	Paddan Aram	This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. See how this was translated in [Genesis 25:20](../25/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1904	GEN	28	6	avf6			0	to take a wife	“to take a wife for himself”
1905	GEN	28	6	epz3			0	He also saw that Isaac had blessed him	“Esau also saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob”
1906	GEN	28	6	xj5i			0	You must not take	“Do not take”
1907	GEN	28	6	sp4g			0	women of Canaan	“daughters of Canaan” or “Canaanite women”
1908	GEN	28	8	gmv1			0	General Information:	This continues the background information about Esau.
1909	GEN	28	8	h454			0	Esau saw	“Esau realized”
1910	GEN	28	8	a14e			0	the women of Canaan did not please Isaac his father	“his father Isaac did not approve of the women of Canaan”
1911	GEN	28	8	sp9b			0	women of Canaan	“daughters of Canaan” or “the Canaanite women”
1912	GEN	28	9	pn6x			0	So he went	“Because of that, he went”
1913	GEN	28	9	e5ya			0	besides the wives that he had	“in addition to the wives that he already had”
1914	GEN	28	9	l4pn	translate-names		0	Mahalath	This is the name of one of Ishmael’s daughters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1915	GEN	28	9	su64	translate-names		0	Nebaioth	This is the name of one of Ishmael’s sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1916	GEN	28	10	uh6w			0	General Information:	The story switches back to Jacob
1917	GEN	28	11	ru38			0	He came to a certain place and stayed there all night, because the sun had set	“He came to a certain place and, because the sun had set, he decided to stay for the night”
1918	GEN	28	12	mwk8			0	He dreamed	“Jacob had a dream”
1919	GEN	28	12	z48g			0	set up on the earth	“with the bottom of it touching the ground”
1920	GEN	28	12	pn7d			0	reached to heaven	This refers to the place where God lives.
1921	GEN	28	13	ax75			0	Behold	The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
1922	GEN	28	13	wwx2			0	Yahweh stood above it	Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh was standing at the top of the stairway” or (2) “Yahweh was standing next to Jacob”
1923	GEN	28	13	a91d			0	Abraham your father	Here “father” means “ancestor.” Alternate translation: “Abraham your ancestor” or “Abraham your forefather”
1924	GEN	28	14	j413			0	General Information:	God continues to talk to Jacob in a dream.
1925	GEN	28	14	wu5i	figs-simile		0	Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth	God compares Jacob’s descendants to the dust of the earth to emphasize their huge number. Alternate translation: “You will have more descendants than you can count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1926	GEN	28	14	pyi5	figs-metonymy		0	you will spread far out to the west	The word “you” is singular and refers to Jacob. Here Jacob represents his descendants. Alternate translation: “your descendants will spread out to the west” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1927	GEN	28	14	fby4			0	you will spread far out	This means the people will extend the borders of their land and occupy more territory.
1928	GEN	28	14	hn6s	figs-synecdoche		0	to the west, to the east, to the north, and to the south	This phrases are used together to mean “all directions.” Alternate translation: “in all directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1929	GEN	28	14	i1qm	figs-activepassive		0	Through you and through your descendants will all the families of the earth be blessed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will bless all families on the earth through you and your descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1930	GEN	28	15	yb1m			0	Behold, I am	“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I am”
1931	GEN	28	15	n4tr			0	for I will not leave you. I will do all	“for I will not leave you until I have done all”
1932	GEN	28	15	gr8q			0	I will keep you	“I will keep you safe” or “I will protect you”
1933	GEN	28	15	em1w			0	I will bring you into this land again	“I will bring you back to this land”
1934	GEN	28	16	t191			0	awoke out of his sleep	“woke up from his sleep”
1935	GEN	28	17	h8p1	figs-doublet		0	the house of God…the gate of heaven	The phrase “the gate of heaven” explains that this place is the entrance to “the house of God” and “the entrance to where God lives.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1936	GEN	28	17	hc3f	figs-metaphor		0	This is the gate of heaven	This speaks about the entrance to the place where God lives as if it were a literal kingdom that had a gate that someone has to open to let people in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1937	GEN	28	18	e2b6			0	pillar	This is a memorial pillar, that is, simply a large stone or boulder set up on its end.
1938	GEN	28	18	grd4	translate-symaction		0	poured oil upon the top of it	This action symbolizes that Jacob is dedicating the pillar to God. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “poured oil on the top of it in order to dedicate the pillar to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1939	GEN	28	19	hv4e			0	Bethel	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Bethel means ‘house of God.’”
1940	GEN	28	19	u3i9	translate-names		0	Luz	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1941	GEN	28	20	bas3			0	Connecting Statement:	Jacob begins to make a vow to Yahweh.
1942	GEN	28	20	p422			0	vowed a vow	“made a vow” or “solemnly promised God”
1943	GEN	28	20	dm3m	figs-123person		0	If God will…clothes to wear	Jacob is speaking to God in the third person. This can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: “If you will…clothes to wear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1944	GEN	28	20	ye9d	figs-metonymy		0	on this road on which I am walking	This stands for Jacob’s journey to find a wife and to return home. Alternate translation: “on this journey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1945	GEN	28	20	vwl3	figs-synecdoche		0	will give me bread to eat	Here “bread” stands for food in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1946	GEN	28	21	t1uz			0	Connecting Statement:	The vow that began with the words “If God will…clothes to wear” in verse 20 continues here.
1947	GEN	28	21	my56	figs-123person		0	so that I return safely…then Yahweh will be my God	The vow that began with the words “If God will…clothes to wear” in verse 20 continues here. Jacob is speaking to God in the third person. This can be stated in the second person. “If you will…clothes to wear…so that I return safely…then you, Yahweh, will be the God that I will worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1948	GEN	28	21	lw1z	figs-metonymy		0	to my father’s house	Here “house” stands for Jacob’s family. Alternate translation: “to my father and the rest of my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1949	GEN	28	22	auv9			0	a sacred stone	This means that the stone will mark the place where God appeared to him and it will be a place where people can worship God. Alternate translation: “God’s house” or “God’s place”
1950	GEN	29	intro	cbq8			0		# Genesis 29 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>This chapter records the conflict between Jacob’s wives, Rachel and Leah. This account continues into the next chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Shepherds<br>Although the exact reasoning for the shepherds’ unwillingness to give water to the sheep is unknown, it is probable they were being lazy. The actions of these shepherds contrast Jacob’s actions.<br><br>### Kissing<br>It was common in the ancient Near East for relatives to greet each other with a kiss. There was nothing sexual about this type of kissing.<br><br>### Marriage<br>It was customary in the ancient Near East for a man to work for a woman’s father in order to earn the right to marry her. It is unknown how common it was for a father to have his younger daughter marry before an older daughter. It was also sinful for Jacob to marry more than one wife. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
1951	GEN	29	1	lq7q			0	the people of the east	This means the people of Paddan Aram, which is a land east of the land of Canaan.
1952	GEN	29	2	jxn8			0	and, behold, three flocks of sheep were lying there by it	The word “behold” marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of doing this.
1953	GEN	29	2	hn73	writing-background		0	For out of that well	“For from that well.” This phrase marks a change from the story to background information about how the shepherds watered the flocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1954	GEN	29	2	lfz9			0	they would water	“the shepherds would water” or “those taking care of the sheep would water”
1955	GEN	29	2	e7ms	figs-idiom		0	the well’s mouth	Here “mouth” is a way of referring to an opening. Alternate translation: “the opening of the well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1956	GEN	29	4	uup8			0	Jacob said to them	“Jacob said to the shepherds”
1957	GEN	29	4	th3u			0	My brothers	This is a polite way to greet a stranger.
1958	GEN	29	5	l8t8			0	Laban son of Nahor	Here “son” refers to a male descendant. Another possible meaning is “Laban the grandson of Nahor.”
1959	GEN	29	6	g1kl			0	and, look there, Rachel his daughter is coming with the sheep	“Now look! Rachel his daughter is coming with the sheep”
1960	GEN	29	7	vjn6			0	it is the middle of the day	“the sun is still high in the sky” or “the sun is still shining brightly”
1961	GEN	29	7	wsp1	figs-activepassive		0	for the flocks to be gathered together	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for you to gather the flocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1962	GEN	29	7	kul5	figs-explicit		0	to be gathered together	This means to gather them together inside a fence for them to stay for the night. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1963	GEN	29	7	eea1			0	let them graze	“let them eat grass in the field”
1964	GEN	29	8	vp42			0	We cannot water them	“We have to wait to water them.” This has to do with timing, not permission.
1965	GEN	29	8	w41a	figs-activepassive		0	until all the flocks are gathered together	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until the other shepherds gather their flocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1966	GEN	29	8	q2rs	figs-idiom		0	from the well’s mouth	Here “mouth” is way of referring to an opening. Alternate translation: “from the well” or “from the opening of the well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1967	GEN	29	8	f3hm			0	and we will water the sheep	“then we will water the sheep”
1968	GEN	29	10	lk18			0	his mother’s brother	“his uncle”
1969	GEN	29	10	l4ls	figs-idiom		0	the well’s mouth	Here “mouth” is a way of referring to an opening. Alternate translation: “the well” or “the opening of the well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1970	GEN	29	11	dr7v			0	Jacob kissed Rachel	In ancient Near East, it is common to greet a relative with a kiss. However, it is normally done between men. If your language has an affectionate greeting for a relative, use that. If not, use what is appropriate.
1971	GEN	29	11	bje4	figs-explicit		0	wept loudly	Jacob weeps because he is so happy. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1972	GEN	29	12	rxl5			0	her father’s relative	“related to her father”
1973	GEN	29	13	vkr1			0	his sister’s son	“his nephew”
1974	GEN	29	13	g5et			0	embraced him	“hugged him”
1975	GEN	29	13	arl7			0	kissed him	In ancient Near East, it is common to greet a relative with a kiss. However, it is normally done between men. If your language has an affectionate greeting for a relative, use that. If not, use what is appropriate.
1976	GEN	29	13	ze3q			0	Jacob told Laban all these things	“then Jacob told Laban everything he told Rachel”
1977	GEN	29	14	klc2	figs-metonymy		0	my bone and my flesh	This phrase means they are directly related. Alternate translation: “my relative” or “a member of my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1978	GEN	29	15	i5a9	figs-rquestion		0	Should you serve me for nothing…my relative?	Laban uses a question to emphasize that he should pay Jacob for working for him. The question can be translated as a statement. This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “It is certainly right that I should pay you for working for me even though you are my relative.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1979	GEN	29	16	yvd6	writing-background		0	Now Laban had	The word “now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Laban and his daughters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1980	GEN	29	17	daa9			0	Leah’s eyes were tender	Possible meanings are (1) “Leah’s eyes were pretty” or (2) “Leah’s eyes were plain”
1981	GEN	29	18	jsx9			0	Jacob loved Rachel	Here the word “loved” refers to a romantic attraction between a man and a woman.
1982	GEN	29	19	d6zk			0	than that I should give her to another man	“rather than give her to another man”
1983	GEN	29	20	p6uz			0	and they seemed to him only a few days	“but the time seemed to him to be only a few days”
1984	GEN	29	20	p7wx			0	for the love he had for her	“on account of the love he had for her” or “because of his love for her”
1985	GEN	29	21	nz7t	figs-activepassive		0	Give me my wife, for my days have been completed—so that I may marry her!	The phrase “have been completed” can be stated in active form. The statement is emphatic. Alternate translation: Give me my wife, so that I may marry her, for I have completed the length of time that I was to work for you!”Give me Rachel so that I may marry her, for I have worked seven years for you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1986	GEN	29	22	kln5	figs-metonymy		0	made a feast	“prepared a wedding feast.” Most likely Laban had others prepare the feast. Alternate translation: “had others prepare a wedding feast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1987	GEN	29	23	q4m4	figs-euphemism		0	who went in to her	“who had sexual relations with her.” You may need to use other, more polite words here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1988	GEN	29	24	yic2	writing-background		0	Laban gave his female servant Zilpah…her servant	Here the author gives background information about Laban giving Zilpah to Leah. Most likely he gave Zilpah to Leah before the wedding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1989	GEN	29	24	n874	translate-names		0	Zilpah	This is the name of Leah’s female servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1990	GEN	29	25	m2hu			0	behold, it was Leah	“Jacob was surprised to see it was Leah in bed with him.” The word “behold” here shows that Jacob was surprised by what he saw.
1991	GEN	29	25	ji15	figs-rquestion		0	What is this you have done to me?	Jacob uses a question to express his anger and surprise. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot believe you did this to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1992	GEN	29	25	g6rs	figs-rquestion		0	Did I not serve you for Rachel?	Jacob uses these questions to express his hurt that Laban had tricked him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I served you for seven years to marry Rachel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1993	GEN	29	26	gfg2			0	It is not our custom to give	“In our family we do not give”
1994	GEN	29	27	ly1t			0	Complete the bridal week of this daughter	“Finish celebrating Leah’s bridal week”
1995	GEN	29	27	vma8	figs-explicit		0	we will give you the other also	The full meaning can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “next week we will give you Rachel also” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1996	GEN	29	28	a6qr			0	Jacob did so, and completed Leah’s week	“And Jacob did what Laban asked, and finished celebrating Leah’s bridal week”
1997	GEN	29	29	g7yl	translate-names		0	Bilhah	This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1998	GEN	29	30	zix1	figs-euphemism		0	Jacob went in to Rachel	“Jacob had sexual relations with Rachel.” You may need to use other, more polite words here. See how similar words are translated in [Genesis 29:23](../29/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1999	GEN	29	30	q996			0	he loved Rachel	This refers to the romantic love between a man and a woman.
2000	GEN	29	31	s19a	figs-activepassive		0	Leah was not loved	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Jacob did not love Leah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2001	GEN	29	31	lk3e	figs-hyperbole		0	not loved	This is an exaggeration to emphasize that Jacob loved Rachel more than Leah. Alternate translation: “loved less than Rachel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2002	GEN	29	31	t2ud	figs-metaphor		0	so he opened her womb	God causing Leah to be able to become pregnant is spoken of as if God is opening her womb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2003	GEN	29	31	snn8			0	was childless	“was not able to become pregnant”
2004	GEN	29	32	w9x3			0	Leah conceived and bore a son	“Leah became pregnant and gave birth to a son”
2005	GEN	29	32	j9j3	translate-names		0	she called his name Reuben	Translators may also add a footnote that says: “The name Reuben means ‘See, a son.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2006	GEN	29	32	p4ip	figs-abstractnouns		0	Yahweh has looked upon my affliction	Leah was experiencing emotional pain because Jacob had rejected her. The abstract noun “affliction” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Yahweh saw that I was suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2007	GEN	29	33	ff7r			0	Then she conceived	“Then Leah became pregnant”
2008	GEN	29	33	jl8z			0	bore a son	“gave birth to a son”
2009	GEN	29	33	djc1	figs-activepassive		0	Yahweh has heard that I am unloved	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has heard that my husband does not love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2010	GEN	29	33	dlg9	translate-names		0	she called his name Simeon	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Simeon means ‘heard.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2011	GEN	29	34	tv8t			0	will my husband be attached to me	“my husband will embrace me”
2012	GEN	29	34	q2up			0	I have borne him three sons	“I have given birth to three sons for him”
2013	GEN	29	34	bz8c	translate-names		0	his name was called Levi	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Levi means ‘attached.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2014	GEN	29	35	x9x6			0	She conceived again	“Leah became pregnant again”
2015	GEN	29	35	acb5			0	bore a son	“gave birth to a son”
2016	GEN	29	35	xp9g	translate-names		0	she called his name Judah	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Judah means ‘praise.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2017	GEN	30	intro	g8rn			0		# Genesis 30 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues the story of the conflict between Rachel and Leah.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Women and their children<br>In the ancient Near East, it was important for a married woman to have many children. If a woman did not have many children, people believed it brought shame upon her. This is one of the reasons why Rachel and Leah were always jealous of each other. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]])<br><br>### Speckled and spotted<br>Speckled and spotted sheep were considered to be imperfect. Therefore, they were considered to be much less valuable than the spotless sheep. Despite Jacob’s fair offer, Laban once again tried to cheat him out of something he deserved. Jacob anticipated Laban’s cheating.
2018	GEN	30	1	b8mq			0	When Rachel saw that she bore Jacob no children	“When Rachel realized that she was unable to become preganant”
2019	GEN	30	1	ct56	figs-hyperbole		0	I will die	Rachel is exaggerating to show how upset she is about not having children. Alternate translation: “I will feel completely worthless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2020	GEN	30	1	v6l6			0	Give me children	“Cause me to become pregnant”
2021	GEN	30	2	rs2s	figs-metaphor		0	Jacob’s anger burned against Rachel	Jacob’s anger is spoken of as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: “Jacob was very angry with Rachel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2022	GEN	30	2	b7dm	figs-rquestion		0	Am I in the place of God, who has kept you from having children?	This is a rhetorical question that Jacob uses to scold Rachel. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not God! I am not the one who is preventing you from having children!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2023	GEN	30	3	dh9k			0	She said	“Rachel said”
2024	GEN	30	3	y5pn			0	See	“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
2025	GEN	30	3	rc5q	figs-explicit		0	there is my servant Bilhah…I will have children by her	At that time, this was an acceptable way for a barren woman to have children that would legally belong to her. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2026	GEN	30	3	u6p8			0	Bilhah	This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/29.md).
2027	GEN	30	3	fqb3	figs-euphemism		0	Go in to her	This is a polite way of talking about sexual relations. You may need to use different words in your language. Alternate translation: “Have sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2028	GEN	30	3	jt2n	figs-idiom		0	on my knees	This is a way of saying that the child that Bilhah gives birth to will belong to Rachel. Alternate translation: “for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2029	GEN	30	3	fu33			0	I will have children by her	“and in this way she will cause me to have children”
2030	GEN	30	4	m19u	figs-euphemism		0	Jacob went in to her	This is a polite way of talking about sexual relations. You may need to use different words in your language. Alternate translation: “Jacob had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2031	GEN	30	5	e6rx			0	Bilhah	This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/29.md).
2032	GEN	30	5	j1wf			0	bore Jacob a son	“gave birth to a son for Jacob”
2033	GEN	30	6	m82y			0	she called his name	“Rachel gave him the name”
2034	GEN	30	6	qy9x	translate-names		0	called his name Dan	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Dan means ‘he judged.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2035	GEN	30	7	d11y			0	Bilhah…conceived again	“Bilhah…became pregnant again”
2036	GEN	30	7	e4tc			0	bore Jacob a second son	“gave birth to a second son for Jacob”
2037	GEN	30	8	xbz2	figs-idiom		0	With mighty wrestlings have I wrestled with my sister	The phrase “wrestlings have I wrestled” is an idiom used for emphasis. It is also a metaphor that speaks of Rachel’s attempts to have a child like her sister as if she were having a physical fight with Leah. Alternate translation: “I have had a great struggle to have children like my older sister, Leah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2038	GEN	30	8	p9q6			0	have prevailed	“I have won” or “I have succeeded”
2039	GEN	30	8	gy77			0	called his name Naphtali	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Naphtali means ‘my struggle.’”
2040	GEN	30	9	n7if			0	When Leah saw that	“When Leah became aware that”
2041	GEN	30	9	ct6f			0	she took Zilpah, her servant, and gave her to Jacob as a wife	“she gave Zilpah, her servant, to Jacob as a wife”
2042	GEN	30	9	mw56			0	Zilpah	This is the name of Leah’s female servant. See how you translated this in [Genesis 29:24](../29/24.md).
2043	GEN	30	10	pf1k			0	bore Jacob a son	“gave birth to a son for Jacob”
2044	GEN	30	11	ml48			0	This is fortunate!	“How fortunate!” or “What good luck!”
2045	GEN	30	11	hmk8			0	called his name Gad	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Gad means ‘fortunate.’”
2046	GEN	30	12	sp7h	translate-names		0	Zilpah	This is the name of Leah’s female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:24](../29/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2047	GEN	30	12	cbx9			0	bore Jacob a second son	“gave birth to a second son for Jacob”
2048	GEN	30	13	c2du			0	I am happy!	“How blessed I am!” or “How happy I am!”
2049	GEN	30	13	i9pt			0	the daughters	“the women” or “the young women”
2050	GEN	30	13	q84q	translate-names		0	called his name Asher	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Asher means ‘happy.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2051	GEN	30	14	k7d6			0	Reuben went	“Reuben went out”
2052	GEN	30	14	yv13	figs-idiom		0	in the days of wheat harvest	Here the phrase “in the days of” is an idiom that refers to the season or time of year. Alternate translation: “at the time of year of the wheat harvest” or “during the wheat harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2053	GEN	30	14	t6zn	translate-unknown		0	mandrakes	This is a fruit that was said to increase fertility and the desire to sleep with one’s lover. Alternate translation: “love fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2054	GEN	30	15	uq87	figs-rquestion		0	Is it a small matter to you…my husband?	“Do you not care…my husband?” This is a rhetorical question used to scold Rachel. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is bad enough…my husband.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2055	GEN	30	15	h684	figs-rquestion		0	Do you now want…too?	This is a rhetorical question, used to scold Rachel. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Now you want…too!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2056	GEN	30	15	ku4g	figs-euphemism		0	Then he will lie with you	Here “lie with” is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Then Jacob will have sexual intercourse with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2057	GEN	30	16	y5di	figs-euphemism		0	You must come in to me	Here “come in to” is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “You must have sexual intercourse with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2058	GEN	30	16	c6r1			0	with my son’s mandrakes	“for the price of my son’s mandrakes.” See how you translated “mandrake” in [Genesis 30:14](../30/14.md).
2059	GEN	30	17	k8h8			0	she conceived	“She became pregnant”
2060	GEN	30	17	ew6t			0	bore Jacob a fifth son	“gave birth to a fifth son for Jacob”
2061	GEN	30	18	k9kl	figs-metaphor		0	God has given me my wages	God rewarding Leah is spoken of as if he were a boss paying wages to someone who works for him. Alternate translation: “God has given my due” or “God has rewarded me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2062	GEN	30	18	n1d3			0	She called his name Issachar	Translators may also add a footnote that says: “The name Issachar means ‘there is a reward.’”
2063	GEN	30	19	u4y3			0	Leah conceived again	“Leah became pregnant again”
2064	GEN	30	19	i5p8			0	bore a sixth son to Jacob	“gave birth to a sixth son for Jacob”
2065	GEN	30	20	my2k			0	She called his name Zebulun	Translators may also add a footnote that says: “The name Zebulun means ‘honor.’”
2066	GEN	30	21	glq4	translate-names		0	called her name Dinah	This is the name of Leah’s daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2067	GEN	30	22	tj2w	figs-idiom		0	God called Rachel to mind and listened to her	The phrase “call to mind” means to remember. This does not mean God forgot about Rachel. It means he considered her request. Alternate translation: “God considered Rachel and granted to her what she wanted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2068	GEN	30	23	ql6d	figs-metaphor		0	God has taken away my shame	God causing Rachel to no longer feel ashamed is spoken of as if “shame” were an object that person could take away from someone else. The abstract noun “shame” can be stated as “ashamed.” Alternate translation: “God has caused me to no longer feel ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2069	GEN	30	24	lyt5	translate-names		0	She called his name Joseph	Translators may also add a footnote that says: “The name Joseph means ‘may he add.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2070	GEN	30	24	lif6			0	Yahweh has added to me another son	Rachel’s first sons were through her female servant Bilhah.
2071	GEN	30	25	a2ai			0	After Rachel had borne Joseph	“After Rachel gave birth to Joseph”
2072	GEN	30	26	jpd7			0	and let me go	“so I can go”
2073	GEN	30	26	n1c9	figs-abstractnouns		0	you know the service I have given you	Jacob is reminding Laban of their contract ([Genesis Gen 29:27](../29/26.md)). The abstract noun “service” can be stated as “served.” Alternate translation: “you know that I have served you long enough” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2074	GEN	30	27	wnz1			0	Laban said to him	“Laban said to Jacob”
2075	GEN	30	27	f6ny	figs-metaphor		0	If now I have found favor in your eyes	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “If I have found favor with you” or “If you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2076	GEN	30	27	hl6m	figs-idiom		0	found favor	This is an idiom that means that someone is approved of by someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2077	GEN	30	27	f5lu			0	wait, because	“please stay, because”
2078	GEN	30	27	ww4z			0	I have learned by using divination	“I have discovered by my own spiritual and magical practices”
2079	GEN	30	27	nl2u			0	for your sake	“because of you”
2080	GEN	30	28	unx9	figs-explicit		0	Name your wages	This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “Tell me how much I have to pay to keep you here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2081	GEN	30	29	wk5n			0	Jacob said to him	“Jacob said to Laban”
2082	GEN	30	29	va18			0	how your livestock have fared with me	“how well your livestock have done since I started taking care of them”
2083	GEN	30	30	wm8b			0	For you had little before I came	“your herds were small before I worked for you”
2084	GEN	30	30	cxf4			0	and it has increased abundantly	“but now your wealth has greatly increased”
2085	GEN	30	30	yq88	figs-rquestion		0	Now when will I provide for my own household also?	“Now when will I take care of my own family?” Jacob uses a question to emphasize that he wants to start providing for his own family. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Now I want to take care of my family!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2086	GEN	30	31	guq7	figs-explicit		0	What will I pay you	“What can I pay you” or “What can I give you.” This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “What can I pay you so that you stay and work for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2087	GEN	30	31	p7p2	grammar-connect-words-phrases		0	If you will do this thing for me	The connecting word “But” can be used at the beginning to show that what Jacob is about to say contrasts with what he just said. Alternate translation: “But if you will do this thing for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
2088	GEN	30	31	b25k			0	this thing	The phrase “this thing” refers to what Jacob will propose in verse 32.
2089	GEN	30	31	b9ys			0	feed your flock and keep it	“feed and take care of your flock”
2090	GEN	30	32	d9j2			0	removing from it every speckled and spotted sheep, and every black one among the sheep, and the spotted and speckled among the goats	“and remove every sheep with spots, every black sheep, and every goat with spots”
2091	GEN	30	32	nqn7			0	These will be my wages	“This will be the cost of keeping me here”
2092	GEN	30	33	rd2c	figs-personification		0	My integrity will testify for me later on	The word “integrity” means “honesty.” This speaks about integrity as if it were a person who could testify for or against another person. Alternate translation: “And later you will know if I have been honest with you or not” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2093	GEN	30	33	c2ni	figs-activepassive		0	Every one that is not speckled and spotted among the goats, and black among the sheep, if any are found with me, will be considered to be stolen	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you find any goats without spots or any sheep that are not black, you can consider them stolen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2094	GEN	30	34	uk57			0	Let it be according to your word	“Let it be as you say” or “We will do what you have said”
2095	GEN	30	35	w5h3			0	that were striped and spotted	“that had stripes and spots”
2096	GEN	30	35	vgj7			0	that were speckled and spotted	“that had spots”
2097	GEN	30	35	yj5c			0	every one that had white in it	“every goat that had some white in it”
2098	GEN	30	35	wxg5			0	all the black ones among the sheep	“all the black sheep”
2099	GEN	30	35	kx5r	figs-metonymy		0	gave them into the hand	Here “hand” stands for control or care. Alternate translation: “had his sons take care of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2100	GEN	30	37	q2ef	translate-unknown		0	fresh poplar…almond…plane tree	These are all trees with white wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2101	GEN	30	37	i1xk			0	peeled white streaks in them, and made the white inner wood appear that was in the sticks	“peeled off pieces of bark so that the white wood underneath would show”
2102	GEN	30	38	m1gg			0	the watering troughs	long open containers for holding water for animals to drink
2103	GEN	30	39	w5f7			0	The flocks bred	“The animals of the flocks conceived” or “The animals mated”
2104	GEN	30	39	u7ap			0	produced striped, speckled, and spotted young	“gave birth to babies with stripes and spots”
2105	GEN	30	40	i58f	figs-explicit		0	Jacob separated	It can be made explicit that this happened over several years. Alternate translation: “During the several years following, Jacob separated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2106	GEN	30	40	ff1z			0	face toward	“look toward”
2107	GEN	30	40	y79l			0	he separated out his flocks for himself alone	“he set his flocks apart”
2108	GEN	30	41	l916	figs-synecdoche		0	before the eyes of the flock	Here the flock’s “eyes” represent the sheep and emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: “so that the flock could see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2109	GEN	30	41	s3qy			0	among the sticks	“in front of the sticks”
2110	GEN	30	42	sm36			0	the feebler animals	“the weaker animals”
2111	GEN	30	42	z6j6	figs-explicit		0	So the feebler animals were Laban’s, and the stronger were Jacob’s	“So the weaker offspring belonged to Laban, while the stronger offspring belonged to Jacob.” You can make this even more explicit. Alternate translation: “So the weaker offspring did not have stripes or spots and so belonged to Laban, while the stronger offspring did have stripes or spots and so belonged to Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2112	GEN	30	43	qp8n			0	The man	“Jacob”
2113	GEN	30	43	be3r			0	became very prosperous	“greatly prospered” or “became very wealthy”
2114	GEN	31	intro	zw5h			0		# Genesis 31 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s blessing<br>When Jacob left Paddam Aram, he left very wealthy. Despite his punishment of exile from Canaan, God still blessed Jacob and his family. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])<br><br>### Household gods<br>Although a few scholars believe the possession of the household gods was a sign of inheritance, this seems unlikely. It is probable that Rachel believed these idols would bring them “good luck” and would bring them great blessing. This was sinful because they were to trust in Yahweh, who already promised to bless them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Irony<br>Laban’s sons complained that Jacob cheated them out of their father’s possessions. It was their father who tried to cheat Jacob out of what he promised to give Jacob. Jacob treated his brother Esau in the same way. Jacob cheated Esau out of their father’s blessing.
2115	GEN	31	1	q6pl			0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story.
2116	GEN	31	1	bae1			0	Jacob heard the words of Laban’s sons, that they said	“Jacob heard that Laban’s sons were saying”
2117	GEN	31	1	j4tu	figs-hyperbole		0	Jacob has taken away all that was our father’s	Laban’s sons were exaggerating because they were angry. Alternate translation: “Everything that Jacob has taken belonged to our father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2118	GEN	31	2	dj32	figs-parallelism		0	Jacob saw the look on Laban’s face. He saw that his attitude toward him had changed	These two sentences mean basically the same thing. The second explains the look that Jacob saw on Laban’s face. Alternate translation: “Jacob noticed that Laban was no longer pleased with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2119	GEN	31	3	dy3j			0	your fathers	“your father Isaac and your grandfather Abraham”
2120	GEN	31	4	s242			0	Jacob sent and called Rachel and Leah to the field to his flock	“Jacob sent for Rachel and Leah and told them to meet him out in the field with the flocks”
2121	GEN	31	5	zwf5	figs-sentences		0	and said to them	You can start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He said to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]])
2122	GEN	31	5	m3hk			0	I see your father’s attitude toward me has changed	“I have noticed your father is no longer pleased with me”
2123	GEN	31	6	j527	figs-you		0	You know that it is with all my strength that I have served your father	The word “you” here refers to both Rachel and Leah. It also adds emphasis. Alternate translation: “You yourselves know that I have served your father with all my strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2124	GEN	31	7	z2br			0	has deceived me	“has lied to me” or “has not treated me fairly”
2125	GEN	31	7	gi9n			0	my wages	“what he said he would pay me”
2126	GEN	31	7	j7hr			0	to hurt me	Possible meanings are (1) physical harm or (2) to cause Jacob to suffer in any way.
2127	GEN	31	8	czw6			0	The speckled animals	“The animals with spots”
2128	GEN	31	8	cah9			0	the flock bore	“the flock gave birth to”
2129	GEN	31	8	yfc5			0	The striped	“The animals with stripes”
2130	GEN	31	9	z1nb			0	In this way God has taken away the livestock of your father and given them to me	“This is how God gave your father’s animals to me”
2131	GEN	31	10	ff24			0	General Information:	Jacob continues his story to his wives Leah and Rachel.
2132	GEN	31	10	b7lk			0	Once at the time of breeding season	“During the breeding season”
2133	GEN	31	10	g7hi	figs-synecdoche		0	mating with the flock	Here “flock” represents only the female goats. Alternate translation: “mating with the female goats of the flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2134	GEN	31	10	bp2h			0	were striped, speckled, and spotted	“had stripes, little spots, and big spots”
2135	GEN	31	11	sp9t			0	angel of God	Possible meanings are (1) God himself appeared as a man or (2) one of God’s messengers appeared. Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “the angel of God,” using the normal word that you use for “angel.”
2136	GEN	31	11	t3sj			0	I said	“And I answered”
2137	GEN	31	11	z5w7			0	Here I am	“Yes, I am listening” or “Yes, what is it?” See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md).
2138	GEN	31	12	qi7z			0	General Information:	The angel of the Lord continues to talk to Jacob ([Genesis 31:10](../31/10.md)).
2139	GEN	31	12	ta2d	figs-idiom		0	Lift up your eyes	This is a way of saying “Look up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2140	GEN	31	12	zf86	figs-synecdoche		0	that are breeding with the flock	Here “flock” stands for only the female goats. Alternate translation: “that are breeding with the female goats of the flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2141	GEN	31	12	w88y			0	are striped, speckled, and spotted	“have stripes and spots”
2142	GEN	31	13	c737	translate-symaction		0	where you anointed a pillar	Jacob poured oil on the pillar to dedicate it to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2143	GEN	31	13	qa2q			0	the land of your birth	“the land where you were born”
2144	GEN	31	14	bwh9			0	Rachel and Leah answered and said to him	This does not mean they talked at the same time. It emphasizes they agreed with each other.
2145	GEN	31	14	ir9t	figs-rquestion		0	Is there any portion or inheritance for us in our father’s house?	Rachel and Leah use a question to emphasize that there is nothing left for their father to give. Alternate translation: “There is absolutely nothing left for us to inherit from our father!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2146	GEN	31	15	sxw7	figs-rquestion		0	Are we not treated by him as foreigners?	They use a question to show their anger about how their father treats them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Our father treats us like a foreign women instead of daughters!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2147	GEN	31	15	y7ge	figs-explicit		0	For he has sold us	This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “He has sold us for his own gain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2148	GEN	31	15	z4i2	figs-metaphor		0	has also completely devoured our money	Laban completely using up the money that he should have given to his daughters is spoken of as if he were a wild beast that ate the money as if it were food. Alternate translation: “he completely used up our money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2149	GEN	31	16	vbk7			0	are now ours and our children’s	“belongs to us and to our children”
2150	GEN	31	16	vi8d			0	Now then	Here “Now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2151	GEN	31	16	g6k9			0	whatever God has said to you, do it	“do all that God has told you”
2152	GEN	31	17	vr3n	figs-explicit		0	his sons	Jacob took all of his children. It only mentions the sons because they are important as his heirs. Alternate translation: “his children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2153	GEN	31	18	n4b2			0	He drove all his livestock	“He drove all his cattle.” Here “livestock” is referring to all his domesticate animals.
2154	GEN	31	18	xzk2			0	including the livestock he had acquired in Paddan Aram	“and the other herd of cattle which he took ownership of when he was in Paddan Aram”
2155	GEN	31	18	pgg7			0	Then he set out to go to his father Isaac in the land of Canaan	“He went to the land of Canaan, where his father Isaac lived”
2156	GEN	31	19	ct6p			0	When Laban had gone to shear his sheep	“When Laban had left to cut the wool off of his sheep”
2157	GEN	31	21	rq4h			0	the River	This refers to the Euphrates River.
2158	GEN	31	21	e57v			0	headed toward	“traveled toward”
2159	GEN	31	21	xdn1			0	the hill country of Gilead	“the mountains of Gilead” or “Mount Gilead”
2160	GEN	31	22	w2bp			0	On the third day	It was Jewish custom to count the day of departure as day one. Alternate translation: “Two days after they had left”
2161	GEN	31	22	fsz8	figs-activepassive		0	Laban was told	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone told Laban” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2162	GEN	31	22	rjd6	figs-explicit		0	that Jacob had fled	Only Jacob is mentioned because he is the leader of the family. It can be made explicit that his family went with him. Alternate translation: “that Jacob had fled with his wives and children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2163	GEN	31	23	v1il			0	So he took	“So Laban took”
2164	GEN	31	23	c1wi			0	pursued him	“chased after Jacob”
2165	GEN	31	23	vs2j			0	for a seven days’ journey	Laban spent seven days walking to catch up to Jacob.
2166	GEN	31	23	x5mw			0	He overtook him	“He caught up to him”
2167	GEN	31	24	i4gj	writing-background		0	Now God came to Laban the Aramean in a dream at night	The word “now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Laban. Alternate translation: “That night God came to Laban in a dream” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2168	GEN	31	24	s2du	figs-merism		0	Be careful that you speak to Jacob neither good nor bad	The phrase “good nor bad” are used together to mean “anything.” Alternate translation: “Do not say anything to try and stop Jacob from leaving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2169	GEN	31	25	c3nf	writing-background		0	Laban overtook Jacob. Now Jacob had pitched his tent in the hill country. Laban also camped with his relatives in the hill country of Gilead	The word “now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jacob and Laban. Alternate translation: “When Laban caught up with Jacob, Jacob had set up camp in the hill country. Then Laban and his relatives also camped in the hill country of Gilead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2170	GEN	31	26	dg9e	figs-simile		0	carried away my daughters like prisoners of war	Laban speaks about Jacob taking his family with him back to the land of Canaan as if Jacob took them as prisoners after a battle and is forcing them to go with him. Laban is exaggerating because he is angry and is trying to make Jacob feel guilty for what he did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2171	GEN	31	27	a98f			0	flee secretly	“run away in secret”
2172	GEN	31	27	g8iz			0	with celebration	“with joy”
2173	GEN	31	27	bg4p	figs-metonymy		0	with tambourine and with harps	These instruments stand for music. Alternate translation: “and with music” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2174	GEN	31	27	a23y	translate-unknown		0	tambourine	a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2175	GEN	31	28	esl3	figs-gendernotations		0	to kiss my grandsons	Here “grandsons” would include all grandchildren whether male or female. Alternate translation: “to kiss my grandchildren” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
2176	GEN	31	28	cr1s			0	Now you have done foolishly	“You have acted foolishly”
2177	GEN	31	28	y6dz			0	Now	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2178	GEN	31	29	lza8	figs-you		0	It is in my power to do you harm	The word “you” is plural and refers to everyone with Jacob. Alternate translation: “I have enough people with me to harm all of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2179	GEN	31	29	qs6g	figs-merism		0	Be careful that you speak to Jacob neither good nor bad	The words “good nor bad” are used together to mean “anything.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 31:24](../31/24.md). Alternate translation: “Do not say anything to try and stop Jacob from leaving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2180	GEN	31	30	bz9g	figs-you		0	you have gone away	This “you” is singular and refers to Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2181	GEN	31	30	f8iz	figs-metonymy		0	to your father’s house	Here “house” stands for family. Alternate translation: “to be home with your father and the rest of your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2182	GEN	31	30	e3jc			0	my gods	“my idols”
2183	GEN	31	31	qd9f			0	Because I was afraid and thought that you would take your daughters from me by force I left secretly	“I left in secret because I was afraid that you would take your daughters from me by force”
2184	GEN	31	32	e35z	figs-litotes		0	Whoever has stolen your gods will not continue to live	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “We will kill whoever has stolen your gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
2185	GEN	31	32	zh3x	figs-exclusive		0	In the presence of our relatives	The word “our” refers to Jacob’s relatives and includes Laban’s relatives. All the relatives will watch to make sure everything is fair and honest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2186	GEN	31	32	l4l6			0	identify whatever with me is yours and take it	“look for whatever we have that is yours and take it”
2187	GEN	31	32	mjz6	writing-background		0	For Jacob did not know that Rachel had stolen them	This changes from the story to background information about Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2188	GEN	31	33	rd4w			0	the two female servants	This refers to Zilpah and Bilhah.
2189	GEN	31	33	f3n9			0	he did not find them	“he did not find his idols”
2190	GEN	31	34	s5c7	writing-background		0	Now Rachel…upon them	The word “now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Rachel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2191	GEN	31	34	j5k2			0	saddle	a seat placed on the back of an animal so a person can ride on it
2192	GEN	31	35	cd8t			0	my master	Calling someone “my master” is a way of honoring them.
2193	GEN	31	35	h3tw			0	that I cannot stand up before you	“because I am unable to stand up in your presence”
2194	GEN	31	35	rx2l	figs-euphemism		0	for I am having my period	This refers to the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2195	GEN	31	36	ka2t			0	He said to him	“Jacob said to Laban”
2196	GEN	31	36	wcv8	figs-parallelism		0	What is my offense? What is my sin, that you have hotly pursued after me?	The phrases “What is my offense” and “What is my sin” mean basically the same thing. Jacob is asking Laban to tell him what he did wrong. Alternate translation: “What have I done wrong that you should pursue me like this?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2197	GEN	31	36	rd64	figs-idiom		0	hotly pursued after me	Here the word “hotly” means Laban urgently chased Jacob intending to capture him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2198	GEN	31	37	lf9u			0	What have you found of all your household goods?	“What have you found that belongs to you?”
2199	GEN	31	37	jgu5	figs-exclusive		0	Set them here before our relatives	Here the word “our” refers to Jacob’s relatives and includes Laban’s relatives. Alternate translation: “Lay anything you have found in front of our relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2200	GEN	31	37	q8tg	figs-exclusive		0	they may judge between us two	Here “two of us” refers to Jacob and Laban. The phrase “to judge between” means to decide which person is right in a dispute. Alternate translation: “they may judge between the two of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2201	GEN	31	38	l12d			0	General Information:	Jacob continues to speak to Laban.
2202	GEN	31	38	a2zw	translate-numbers		0	twenty years	“20 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2203	GEN	31	38	rum5			0	ewes	female sheep
2204	GEN	31	38	lk1u			0	have not miscarried	This means they have not had a pregnancy end early and unexpectedly with the lamb or kid born dead.
2205	GEN	31	39	kc4z	figs-activepassive		0	What was torn by beasts I did not bring to you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When a wild animal killed one of your animals I did not bring it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2206	GEN	31	39	ji5d	figs-metaphor		0	Instead, I bore the loss of it	For Jacob to count Laban’s dead animals as a loss from his own flock is spoken of as if it was a burden he would bear on his shoulders. Alternate translation: “Instead of counting it a loss from your flock, I counted it as a loss from my flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2207	GEN	31	40	tf6f	figs-metaphor		0	There I was; in the day the heat consumed me, and the frost by night	Suffering in the hot and cold temperatures is spoken of as if the temperatures were animals that were eating Jacob. Alternate translation: “I stayed with your flocks even during hottest part of the day and the coldest part of the night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2208	GEN	31	41	gx9i			0	General Information:	Jacob continues to speak to Laban.
2209	GEN	31	41	j81s	translate-numbers		0	These twenty years	“These last 20 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2210	GEN	31	41	l5lt	translate-numbers		0	fourteen years	“14 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2211	GEN	31	41	w1k8			0	changed my wages ten times	“changed what he said he would pay me ten times.” See how you translated “my wages” in [Genesis 31:7](../31/07.md).
2212	GEN	31	42	hcc4			0	Unless the God of my father, the God of Abraham, and the one Isaac fears, had been with me	Jacob is referring to the same God not to three different gods. Alternate translation: “If the God of Abraham and Isaac, my father, had not been with me”
2213	GEN	31	42	fy4h			0	the God of my father	Here the word “father” refers to his parent, Isaac.
2214	GEN	31	42	v1d1			0	the one Isaac fears	Here the word “fears” refers to the “fear of Yahweh,” which means to deeply respect him and show that respect by obeying him.
2215	GEN	31	42	tin2	figs-metonymy		0	empty-handed	This stands for having nothing. Alternate translation: “with absolutely nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2216	GEN	31	42	eqx1	figs-abstractnouns		0	God has seen my oppression and how hard I worked	The abstract noun “oppression” can be stated as “oppressed.” Alternate translation: “God has seen how hard I worked and how you oppressed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2217	GEN	31	43	ah9n	figs-rquestion		0	But what can I do today to these my daughters, or to their children whom they have borne?	Laban uses a question to emphasize that there is nothing he can do. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “But, there is nothing I can do to bring my daughters and grandchildren back with me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2218	GEN	31	44	pm7d	figs-personification		0	let it be for a witness	Here the word “witness” does not refer to a person, but it is used figuratively and refers to the covenant that Jacob and Laban are making. The covenant is spoken of as if it were a person who is there when they agree to act peacefully to one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2219	GEN	31	45	q2sh			0	pillar	This means that a large stone was simply set up on its end to mark the place where this important event happened.
2220	GEN	31	46	mz54			0	made a pile	“stacked them on top of each other”
2221	GEN	31	46	c4fm	figs-explicit		0	Then they ate there by the pile	Eating a meal together was a part of making the covenant with one another. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2222	GEN	31	47	grz7	translate-names		0	Jegar Saha Dutha	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Jegar Saha Dutha means ‘heap of witness’ in Laban’s language.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2223	GEN	31	47	tn6r	translate-names		0	Galeed	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Galeed means ‘heap of witness’ in Jacob’s language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2224	GEN	31	48	y6zl	figs-personification		0	This pile is a witness between me and you	The stones do not actually bear witness as a person. Alternate translation: “This pile will be a reminder between me and you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2225	GEN	31	48	f3tt	translate-names		0	Galeed	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Galeed means ‘heap of witness’ in Jacob’s language. See how you translated this in [Genesis 31:47](../31/47.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2226	GEN	31	49	d4iu	translate-names		0	Mizpah	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Mizpah means ‘watchtower.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2227	GEN	31	49	ip35	figs-metonymy		0	when we are out of sight one from another	Here “out of sight” stands for no longer being in each other’s presence. Alternate translation: “when we are no longer with each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2228	GEN	31	50	e3ip			0	although no one else is with us	Here “us” refers to Laban and Jacob. Alternate translation: “even if no one else is there to see us”
2229	GEN	31	50	h365			0	see	“look” or “remember” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
2230	GEN	31	52	jh98	figs-personification		0	This pile is a witness, and the pillar is a witness	These piles of stones were to act as a remembrance and a boundary marker for Jacob and Laban regarding their peace agreement. They are spoken of as if they are human witnesses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2231	GEN	31	53	zmt6			0	May the God of Abraham, and the god of Nahor, the gods of their father, judge between us	Abraham is Jacob’s grandfather. Nahor is Laban’s grandfather. The father of Abraham and Nahor is Terah. Not all of them worshipped Yahweh.
2232	GEN	31	53	r6hl			0	the Fear of his father Isaac	Here the word “Fear” refers to Yahweh, who Isaac deeply respected and showed that respect by obeying him.
2233	GEN	31	54	fmy2	figs-explicit		0	called his relatives to eat a meal	Eating a meal together was part of making the covenant with one another. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2234	GEN	31	55	w76k			0	Early in the morning…returned home	Verse 55 is the first verse of chapter 32 in the original Hebrew text, but the last verse of chapter 31 in most modern Bibles. We suggest that you follow the numbering of Bibles in your national language.
2235	GEN	31	55	kif6			0	blessed	This means expressing a desire for positive and beneficial things to happen to someone.
2236	GEN	32	intro	udr3			0		# Genesis 32 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jacob does not trust Yahweh<br>Jacob does not trust in Yahweh. Instead, he fears that his brother Esau could kill him and his family. He should have known that Yahweh would continue to bless him and protect his family. He should have trusted in Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]])<br><br>### Name change<br><br>In Scripture, a change in name always occurs at a highly significant point in a person’s life. The return of Jacob to Canaan was a significant event in the history of the Hebrew people.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “A man wrestled with him”<br>Scholars are divided over the identity of the person Jacob wrestled with. It was probably an angel, but some believe he wrestled with Jesus before he came to earth. The translator will probably have difficulty trying to keep ambiguity in identifying this individual because the word “man” usually indicates a normal, living person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2237	GEN	32	2	fr1q			0	Mahanaim	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Mahanaim means ‘two camps.’”
2238	GEN	32	3	f84p	translate-names		0	Seir	This is a mountainous area in the region of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2239	GEN	32	4	ayv1	figs-quotesinquotes		0	This is what you will say to my master Esau: This is what your servant Jacob says: ‘I have been…have delayed my return until now.	This has a quotation within a quotation. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “‘This is what I want you to tell my master Esau. Tell him that I have been…have delayed my return until now.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2240	GEN	32	4	n3lr			0	my master Esau	Jacob is using polite language and refers to his brother as “my master.”
2241	GEN	32	4	y932			0	your servant Jacob	Jacob is using polite language and refers to himself as “your servant.”
2242	GEN	32	5	ne7y	figs-quotesinquotes		0	I have oxen…in your eyes.	This continues the quotation within a quotation that begins with the words “I have been” in verse 4. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. “This is what I want you to tell my master Esau. Tell him that I have been…Tell him that I have oxen…in his eyes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2243	GEN	32	5	vi1k	figs-idiom		0	that I may find favor in your eyes	When a person finds favor in the eyes of another, the second person approves of the first person. Here “eyes” are a metonym for the person seeing something, and seeing a person is a metaphor for deciding whether what that person sees is good or bad. Alternate translation: “that you may approve of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2244	GEN	32	6	h954	translate-numbers		0	four hundred men	“400 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2245	GEN	32	7	ra4u			0	afraid	This refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others.
2246	GEN	32	7	e2dk			0	upset	distressed, troubled
2247	GEN	32	8	n1e3	figs-metonymy		0	to one camp and attacks it, then the camp that is left will escape	Here “camp” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “to attack the people in one camp, then the people in the other camp will escape” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2248	GEN	32	9	fdw7	figs-explicit		0	God of my father Abraham, and God of my father Isaac, Yahweh	This does not refer to different gods, but to the one God they all worship. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who is God of my grandfather Abraham and my father Isaac” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2249	GEN	32	9	c3nw	figs-quotesinquotes		0	Yahweh, who said to me, ‘Return to your country and to your kindred, and I will prosper you,’	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you who said that I should return to my country and to my kindred, and that you would prosper me,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2250	GEN	32	9	ah51			0	to your kindred	“to your family”
2251	GEN	32	9	v7p9			0	I will prosper you	“I will do good for you” or “I will treat you well”
2252	GEN	32	10	i1jg	figs-activepassive		0	I am not worthy of all your acts of covenant faithfulness and of all the trustworthiness that you have done for your servant	The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “loyal.” Alternate translation: “I do not deserve for you to remain faithful to your covenant or for you to be loyal to me, your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2253	GEN	32	10	gfq5			0	your servant	This is a polite way of saying “me.”
2254	GEN	32	10	ri5t	figs-idiom		0	now I have become two camps	Here the phrase “I have become” is an idiom meaning what he now possesses. Alternate translation: “and now I have enough people, flocks, and possessions with me to make two camps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2255	GEN	32	11	b4a5			0	rescue me	“save me”
2256	GEN	32	11	b2lt	figs-metonymy		0	from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau	Here the word “hand” refers to power. The two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second clarifies that the brother whom Jacob intended was Esau. Alternate translation: “from the power of my brother, Esau” or “from my brother, Esau” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2257	GEN	32	11	amt5			0	I am afraid of him, that he will	“I am afraid that he will”
2258	GEN	32	12	x5kw	figs-quotesinquotes		0	But you said, ‘I will certainly make you prosper. I will make your descendants…number.’	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “But you said that you would certainly prosper me, and that you would make my descendants…number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2259	GEN	32	12	w429			0	make you prosper	“do good to you” or “treat you well”
2260	GEN	32	12	n5pn	figs-simile		0	I will make your descendants like the sand of the sea	This speaks about the very large number of Jacob’s descendants as if their number will be like the grains of sand on the seashore. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2261	GEN	32	12	bc4t	figs-activepassive		0	which cannot be numbered for their number	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which no one can count because of their number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2262	GEN	32	14	zj6f	translate-numbers		0	two hundred	“200” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2263	GEN	32	14	a35f	translate-numbers		0	twenty	“20” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2264	GEN	32	15	ew39	translate-numbers		0	thirty…forty…ten	“30…40…10” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2265	GEN	32	15	k3iy			0	their colts	“their young”
2266	GEN	32	16	il9n	figs-idiom		0	These he gave into the hand of his servants, every herd by itself	Here “into the hand” means to give control over them. Alternate translation: “He divided them into small herds, and gave each of his servants control over one herd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2267	GEN	32	16	hh9w			0	put a space between each of the herds	“let each herd travel at a distance from the other herds”
2268	GEN	32	17	ti5k			0	He instructed	“He commanded”
2269	GEN	32	17	h449	figs-quotesinquotes		0	asks you…that are in front of you?’	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “asks you who your master is, where you are going, and who owns these animals that are ahead of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2270	GEN	32	17	lnl5			0	To whom do you belong?	“Who is your master?”
2271	GEN	32	17	hl31			0	Whose animals are these that are in front of you?	“Who owns these animals that are in front of you?”
2272	GEN	32	18	e7wd	figs-quotesinquotes		0	Then you will say, ‘They are your servant Jacob’s. They are a gift sent to my master Esau. See, he is also coming after us.’	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Then I want you to tell him that all of these things belong to Jacob, his servant, and he his giving them to his master, Esau. And tell him that Jacob is on the way to meet him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2273	GEN	32	18	i8qf			0	your servant Jacob’s	Jacob is referring to himself in a polite way as Esau’s servant.
2274	GEN	32	18	nk58			0	to my master Esau	Jacob is referring to Esau is a polite way as his master.
2275	GEN	32	18	a5zw	figs-exclusive		0	coming after us	Here “us” refers to the servant speaking and the other servants bringing herds to Esau. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2276	GEN	32	19	mb2s			0	gave instructions to the second group	“commanded the second group”
2277	GEN	32	20	l71w			0	You must also say, ‘Your servant Jacob	Possible meanings are (1) “You will say also, ‘Your servant Jacob’” or (2) “You will say, ‘Also, Your servant Jacob.’”
2278	GEN	32	20	kth9			0	I will appease him	“I will calm him down” or “I will make his anger go away”
2279	GEN	32	20	fz2r			0	he will receive me	“he will welcome me kindly”
2280	GEN	32	21	mgp1	figs-metonymy		0	So the gifts went on ahead of him	Here “gifts” stands for the servants taking the gifts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2281	GEN	32	21	bet5	figs-rpronouns		0	He himself stayed	Here “himself” emphasizes that Jacob did not go with the servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
2282	GEN	32	22	ak58			0	his two women servants	“his two servant wives.” This means Zilpah and Bilhah.
2283	GEN	32	22	ts8h			0	ford	a shallow place in a river that is easy to cross
2284	GEN	32	22	tkp8	translate-names		0	Jabbok	This is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2285	GEN	32	23	uu6x			0	all his possessions	“all that he had”
2286	GEN	32	24	ui74			0	until daybreak	“until dawn”
2287	GEN	32	25	ugk7	figs-activepassive		0	Jacob’s hip was dislocated as he wrestled with him	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The man injured Jacob’s hip as he wrestled with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2288	GEN	32	25	f6zk			0	hip	the place where the upper leg bone connects to the hip
2289	GEN	32	26	wh2x			0	for the dawn is breaking	“the sun will rise soon”
2290	GEN	32	26	hd6q			0	bless	Here “bless” means to pronounce a formal blessing on someone and to cause good things to happen to that person.
2291	GEN	32	26	pb6k	figs-doublenegatives		0	I will not let you go unless you bless me	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Absolutely not! You must bless me first, then I will let you go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2292	GEN	32	28	a2ft	translate-names		0	Israel	Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Israel means ‘He struggles with God.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2293	GEN	32	28	kel8			0	with men	Here “men” means “people” in general.
2294	GEN	32	29	if16	figs-rquestion		0	He said, “Why is it that you ask my name?”	“He said, ‘Why would you ask about my name?’” This rhetorical question was meant to shock, rebuke and cause Jacob to ponder over what just happened between him and the other man he just wrestled with. Alternate translation: “Do not ask me for my name!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2295	GEN	32	30	m49w	translate-names		0	Peniel	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Peniel means ‘the face of God.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2296	GEN	32	30	n4r1			0	face to face	Being “face to face” means that two people are seeing each other in person, at a close distance.
2297	GEN	32	30	p6dk	figs-activepassive		0	and my life is delivered	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “yet he spared my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2298	GEN	32	32	v4a5	writing-background		0	That is why to this day	This marks a change from the story to background information about the descendants of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2299	GEN	32	32	n4af			0	to this day	This means to the day that the author was writing this.
2300	GEN	32	32	t93f			0	ligaments of the hip	This refers to the muscle that connects the thigh bone to the thigh socket.
2301	GEN	32	32	l5px			0	hip joint	“thigh socket”
2302	GEN	32	32	j363			0	while dislocating	“while striking”
2303	GEN	33	intro	tc2t			0		# Genesis 33 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jacob’s fear<br>Jacob feared his brother. He showed Esau great respect and sought to protect his family from Esau’s power. He did not fear and trust Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>### Favoritism<br>Jacob showed favoritism towards Rachel and Joseph. He arranged the family according to those he loved the most. Rachel and Joseph were the most protected from a potential attack by Esau. He would have rather had everyone else die, in order to spare their lives. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2304	GEN	33	1	ck16			0	behold	The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to a surprising new part of the story.
2305	GEN	33	1	c4ai	translate-numbers		0	four hundred men	“400 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2306	GEN	33	1	lqj5	figs-explicit		0	Jacob divided the children…female servants	This does not mean Jacob divided the children evenly so that each woman had the same amount of children with her. Jacob divided the children so that each one went with his or her mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2307	GEN	33	1	h467			0	female servants	“servant wives.” This refers to Bilhah and Zilpah.
2308	GEN	33	3	f927	figs-rpronouns		0	He himself went on ahead of them	Here “himself” emphasizes that Jacob went alone in front of the others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
2309	GEN	33	3	prz6	translate-symaction		0	He bowed	Here the word “bow” means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2310	GEN	33	4	xq93			0	meet him	“meet Jacob”
2311	GEN	33	4	ptu7			0	embraced him, hugged his neck, and kissed him	This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Esau put his arms around Jacob, hugged him, and kissed him”
2312	GEN	33	4	d91x	figs-explicit		0	Then they wept	This can be translated more explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then Esau and Jacob cried because they were happy to see each other again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2313	GEN	33	5	bni9			0	he saw the women and the children	“he saw the women and children who were with Jacob”
2314	GEN	33	5	n88j	figs-123person		0	The children whom God has graciously given your servant	The phrase “your servant” is a polite way for Jacob to refer to himself. Alternate translation: “These are the children God has kindly given me, your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2315	GEN	33	6	huv5			0	female servants	“servant wives.” This refers to Bilhah and Zilpah.
2316	GEN	33	6	ndg7	translate-symaction		0	bowed down	This is a sign of humility and respect before another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2317	GEN	33	8	xl2u			0	What do you mean by all these groups that I met?	The phrase “all these groups” refers to the groups of servants that Jacob sent to give gifts to Esau. Alternate translation: “Why did you send all of those different groups to meet me?”
2318	GEN	33	8	p6x8	figs-idiom		0	To find favor in the sight of my master	The phrase “find favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “So that you, my master, would be pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2319	GEN	33	8	b54p	figs-123person		0	my master	The phrase “my master” is a polite way of referring to Esau. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2320	GEN	33	9	fvu3	figs-ellipsis		0	I have enough	The word “animals” or “property” is understood. Alternate translation: “I have enough animals” or “I have enough property” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2321	GEN	33	10	c8jk	figs-idiom		0	if I have found favor in your eyes	The phrase “found favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “if you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2322	GEN	33	10	g919	figs-synecdoche		0	my gift from my hand	Here “hand” refers to Jacob. Alternate translation: “this gift that I am giving to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2323	GEN	33	10	cv9s			0	my hand, for indeed	This can be translated as a new sentence: “my hand. For certainly”
2324	GEN	33	10	qp99	figs-simile		0	I have seen your face, and it is like seeing the face of God	The meaning of this simile is unclear. Possible meanings are (1) Jacob is happy that Esau has forgiven him like God has forgiven him or (2) Jacob is amazed to see his brother again like he was amazed to see God or (3) Jacob is humbled to be in Esau’s presence like he was humbled to be in God’s presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2325	GEN	33	10	ni5g	figs-synecdoche		0	I have seen your face	Here “face” stands for Esau. It may be best to translate as “face” because of the importance of the word “face” here with “face of God” and “face to face” in [Genesis 32:30](../32/30.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2326	GEN	33	11	i3ez	figs-activepassive		0	that was brought to you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that my servants brought to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2327	GEN	33	11	c581			0	God has dealt graciously with me	“God has treated me very well” or “God has blessed me very much”
2328	GEN	33	11	r6mp			0	Thus Jacob urged him, and Esau accepted it	It was customary to refuse a gift first, but then to accept the gift before the giver was offended.
2329	GEN	33	13	j3jv	figs-123person		0	My master knows	This is a polite and formal way of referring to Esau. Alternate translation: “You, my master, know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2330	GEN	33	13	k72p	figs-explicit		0	the children are young	The meaning can be stated more explicitly. Alternate translation: “the children are too young to travel fast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2331	GEN	33	13	lzl5	figs-activepassive		0	If they are driven hard even one day	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If we force them to go too fast even for one day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2332	GEN	33	14	be6w	figs-123person		0	Please let my master go on ahead of his servant	This is a polite and formal way of Jacob referring to himself. Alternate translation: “My lord, I am your servant. Please go ahead of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2333	GEN	33	14	k77x			0	at the pace of the livestock that are before me	“at the speed the animals I am looking after can go”
2334	GEN	33	14	he5j	translate-names		0	Seir	This is a mountainous area in the region of Edom. See how you translated this in [Genesis 32:3](../32/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2335	GEN	33	15	e3u2	figs-rquestion		0	Why do that?	Jacob uses a question to emphasize that Esau does not need to leave men. Alternate translation: “Do not do that!” or “You do not need to do that!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2336	GEN	33	15	rl9k	figs-123person		0	my lord	This is a polite and formal way of referring to Esau. Alternate translation: “you, my lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2337	GEN	33	17	k3g6	translate-names		0	Succoth	Translators may also add a footnote that says, “The name Succoth means ‘shelters.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2338	GEN	33	17	k4xa	figs-explicit		0	built himself a house	It is implied that the house is also for his family. Alternate translation: “built a house for himself and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2339	GEN	33	17	ykg8			0	for his livestock	“for the animals he looked after”
2340	GEN	33	18	yt2u			0	General Information:	This starts a new part of the story. The author describes what Jacob did after he rested in Succoth.
2341	GEN	33	18	jve3			0	When Jacob came from Paddan Aram	“After Jacob left Paddan Aram”
2342	GEN	33	18	qr2k	figs-explicit		0	When Jacob…he arrived…He camped	This only mentions Jacob because he is the leader of the family. It is implied that his family was with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2343	GEN	33	18	rx3s			0	He camped near	“He set up his camp near”
2344	GEN	33	19	a6wu			0	piece of ground	“piece of land”
2345	GEN	33	19	xu69	translate-names		0	Hamor	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2346	GEN	33	19	y9i5			0	Shechem’s father	Shechem is the name of a city and the name of a man.
2347	GEN	33	19	kh7z	translate-numbers		0	a hundred	“100” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2348	GEN	33	20	ps43	translate-names		0	El Elohe Israel	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name El Elohe Israel means ‘God, the God of Israel.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2349	GEN	34	intro	gv6g			0		# Genesis 34 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel<br>Jacob’s name was changed to Israel. It is his descendants who inherited the promised blessings given to him and to Isaac and Abraham. This is the first time his descendants are collectively referred to as the people group Israel. The people group Israel is identified through the covenant of circumcision. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Implicit information<br>Jacob’s reacted to the rape of Dinah with indifference. This is possibly because she was not a daughter of Rachel. His reaction was both unwise and improper. This action brought shame on the whole family. Therefore, Jacob’s sons corrected this wrong and plotted against Hamor and Shechem.<br><br>Shechem raped Dinah, but then he said he loved her. By raping her, he ensured that no one else would want to marry her. This is not love. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2350	GEN	34	1	g89z			0	Now	Here this word is used to mark a new part of the story.
2351	GEN	34	1	q1ki	translate-names		0	Dinah	This is the name of Leah’s daughter. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 30:21](../30/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2352	GEN	34	2	y29n	translate-names		0	the Hivite	This is the name of a people group. See how you translated the similar word “Hivites” in [Genesis 10:17](../10/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2353	GEN	34	2	x58u			0	the prince of the land	This is referring to Hamor not Shechem. Also, “prince” here does not mean son of a king. It means Hamor was the leader of the people in that area.
2354	GEN	34	2	hx1e	figs-hendiadys		0	He took her and lay with her	Possible meanings are (1) “took” and “lay with” are two separate actions. Alternate translation: “he grabbed her and had sexual relations with her” or (2) “took” and “lay with” are a hendiadys, two words used to describe one action, Alternate translation: “raped her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
2355	GEN	34	2	mrp5	figs-euphemism		0	lay with her	This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2356	GEN	34	3	d96a	figs-metaphor		0	He was drawn to Dinah	“He was very attracted to her.” This speaks about Shechem loving Dinah and wanting to be with her as if something were forcing him to come to Dinah. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He wanted very much to be with Dinah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2357	GEN	34	3	bz11			0	spoke tenderly to her	He tried to convince her that he loved her and that he wanted her to love him also.
2358	GEN	34	5	wy9t	writing-background		0	Now Jacob	“Now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2359	GEN	34	5	k25j			0	Jacob heard that he	The word “he” refers to Shechem.
2360	GEN	34	5	mp97			0	he had defiled	This means that Shechem had greatly dishonored and disgraced Dinah by forcing her to sleep with him.
2361	GEN	34	5	sk45	figs-idiom		0	held his peace	This is a way of saying that Jacob did not say or do anything about the matter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2362	GEN	34	6	r1kg			0	Hamor…went out to Jacob	“Hamor…went to meet Jacob”
2363	GEN	34	7	yd2w			0	The men were offended	“The men were very insulted” or “They were shocked”
2364	GEN	34	7	xe5r	figs-metonymy		0	he had disgraced Israel	Here the word “Israel” refers to every member of Jacob’s family. Israel as a people group was disgraced. Alternate translation: “he had humiliated the family of Israel” or “he had brought shame on the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2365	GEN	34	7	wki8			0	lying with Jacob’s daughter	“having sexual relations with Jacob’s daughter”
2366	GEN	34	7	ud6t	figs-activepassive		0	for such a thing should not have been done	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for he should not have done such a terrible thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2367	GEN	34	8	ud45			0	Hamor spoke with them	“Hamor spoke with Jacob and his sons”
2368	GEN	34	8	q43r			0	loves your daughter	Here the word “love” refers to romantic love between a man and a woman. Alternate translation: “loves her and wants to marry her”
2369	GEN	34	8	gx32			0	give her to him as a wife	In some cultures, the parents decide whom their children will marry.
2370	GEN	34	9	ec6v			0	Intermarry with us	To intermarry is to marry a member of a different racial, social, religious or tribal group. Alternate translation: “Allow marriages between your people and ours”
2371	GEN	34	10	pv18			0	the land will be open to you	“the land will be available to you”
2372	GEN	34	11	x9iz			0	Shechem said to her father	“Shechem said to Dinah’s father Jacob”
2373	GEN	34	11	gev1	figs-idiom		0	Let me find favor in your eyes, and whatever you tell me I will give	The phrase “find favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “If you will approve of me, then I will give you whatever you ask” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2374	GEN	34	12	w7wc			0	bride price	In some cultures, it is customary for a man to give money, property, cattle, and other gifts to the bride’s family at the time of marriage.
2375	GEN	34	13	h21q	figs-abstractnouns		0	The sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father with deceit	The abstract noun “deceit” can be stated as the verb “lied.” Alternate translation: “But the sons of Jacob lied to Shechem and Hamor when they answered them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2376	GEN	34	13	uxy5			0	Shechem had defiled Dinah	This means that Shechem had greatly dishonored and disgraced Dinah by forcing her to sleep with him. See how you translated “defiled” in [Genesis 34:5](../34/05.md).
2377	GEN	34	14	un4d			0	They said to them	“Jacob’s sons said to Shechem and Hamor”
2378	GEN	34	14	yku7			0	We cannot do this thing, to give our sister	“We cannot agree to give Dinah in marriage”
2379	GEN	34	14	c7ml	figs-exclusive		0	for that would be a disgrace to us	“for that would cause us shame.” Here “us” refers to Jacob’s sons and all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2380	GEN	34	16	w7nl			0	give our daughters to you…take your daughters to ourselves	This means they will allow a person from Jacob’s family to marry a person who lives in Hamor’s land.
2381	GEN	34	18	vm37			0	Their words pleased Hamor and his son Shechem	“Hamor and his son Shechem agreed with what Jacob’s sons said”
2382	GEN	34	19	yza5			0	to do what they said	“to become circumcised”
2383	GEN	34	19	vjf5			0	Jacob’s daughter	“Jacob’s daughter Dinah”
2384	GEN	34	19	ve5w	figs-explicit		0	because he was the most honored person in all his father’s household	This can be translated as a new sentence. It can be made explicit that Shechem knew the other men would agree to be circumcised because they greatly respected him. Alternate translation: “Shechem knew all the men in his father’s household would agree with him because he was the most honored among them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2385	GEN	34	20	bl5k			0	the gate of their city	It was common for leaders to meet at the city gate to make official decisions.
2386	GEN	34	21	ub3p			0	These men	“Jacob, his sons, and the people of Israel”
2387	GEN	34	21	gg84	figs-exclusive		0	peace with us	Here “us” includes Hamor, his son and all the people they spoke with at the city gate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2388	GEN	34	21	peg8			0	let them live in the land and trade in it	“let them live and trade in the land”
2389	GEN	34	21	qgk2			0	for, really, the land is large enough for them	Shechem uses the word “really” to add emphasis to his statement. “because, certainly, the land is large enough for them” or “because, indeed, there is plenty of land for them”
2390	GEN	34	21	i8u8			0	take their daughters…give them our daughters	This refers to marriages between the women of one group and the men of the other group. See how you translated similar phrases in [Genesis 34:9](../34/09.md).
2391	GEN	34	22	pyn5			0	General Information:	Hamor and Shechem his son continue to talk to the city elders.
2392	GEN	34	22	g2kq			0	Only on this condition will the men agree to live with us and become one people: If every male among us is circumcised, as they are circumcised	“Only if every man among us is circumcised, as the men of Israel are circumcised, will they agree to live among us and unite with us as one people”
2393	GEN	34	23	n7gu	figs-rquestion		0	Will not their livestock and their property—all their animals be ours?	Shechem uses a question to emphasize that Jacob’s livestock and property will belong to the people of Shechem. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “All of their animals and property will be ours.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2394	GEN	34	24	m2ft	figs-activepassive		0	Every male was circumcised	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So Hamor and Shechem had someone circumcise all the men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2395	GEN	34	25	xfn1	translate-ordinal		0	On the third day	“third” is the ordinal number for three. It can be stated without the ordinal number. Alternate translation: “After two days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2396	GEN	34	25	w2yp			0	when they were still in pain	“when the men of the city were still in pain”
2397	GEN	34	25	usz1			0	each took his sword	“took their swords”
2398	GEN	34	25	p39e	figs-metonymy		0	they attacked the city	Here “city” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “they attacked the people of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2399	GEN	34	25	cm25			0	security, and they killed all the males	This can be translated as a new sentence. “security. Simeon and Levi killed all the men of the city”
2400	GEN	34	27	jn2q			0	the dead bodies	“the dead bodies of Hamor, Shechem, and their men”
2401	GEN	34	27	r6r4			0	looted the city	“stole everything in the city that was valuable”
2402	GEN	34	27	dr6w			0	because the people had defiled their sister	Shechem alone had defiled Dinah, but Jacob’s sons considered Shechem’s entire family and everyone in the city responsible for this act.
2403	GEN	34	27	gep2			0	had defiled	This means that Shechem had greatly dishonored and disgraced Dinah by forcing her to sleep with him. See how you translated “defiled” in [Genesis 34:5](../34/05.md).
2404	GEN	34	28	ikb2			0	They took their flocks	“Jacob’s sons took the people’s flocks”
2405	GEN	34	29	u4y1			0	all their wealth	“all their possessions and money”
2406	GEN	34	29	lb76			0	All their children and their wives, they captured	“They captured all their children and wives”
2407	GEN	34	30	tk7q	figs-metaphor		0	brought trouble on me	Causing someone to experience trouble is spoken of as if trouble were an object that is brought and placed on a person. Alternate translation: “caused great problems for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2408	GEN	34	30	g5qj	figs-metaphor		0	to make me stink to the inhabitants of the land	Causing the people in the surrounding areas to hate Jacob is spoken of as if Jacob’s sons made him smell bad physically. This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “You have made me repulsive to the people who live in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2409	GEN	34	30	di4j	figs-synecdoche		0	I am few in number…against me and attack me, then I will be destroyed, I and my household	Here the words “I” and “me” refer to all of Jacob’s household. Jacob only says “I” or “me” since he is the leader. Alternate translation: “My household is small…against us and attack us, then they will destroy all of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2410	GEN	34	30	f8i3			0	gather themselves together against me and attack me	“form an army and attack me” or “form an army and attack us”
2411	GEN	34	30	pr2b	figs-activepassive		0	then I will be destroyed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will destroy me” or “they will destroy us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2412	GEN	34	31	l9v7	figs-rquestion		0	Should Shechem have dealt with our sister as with a prostitute?	Simeon and Levi use a question to emphasize that Shechem did what was wrong and deserved to die. Alternate translation: “Shechem should not have treated our sister as if she were a prostitute!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2413	GEN	35	intro	r5b3			0		# Genesis 35 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Name change<br><br>In Scripture, a change in name always occurs at a highly significant point in a person’s life. The return of Jacob to Canaan was a significant event in the history of the Hebrew people.<br><br>### Covenant<br>The covenant God made with Abraham is repeated here. It indicates that all of Jacob’s descendants will inherit the promises of this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
2414	GEN	35	1	m48u			0	go up to Bethel	The phrase “go up” is used because Bethel is higher in elevation than Shechem.
2415	GEN	35	1	a7yt	figs-123person		0	Build an altar there to God	God speaks about himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “Build an altar there to me, your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2416	GEN	35	2	zm9p			0	said to his household	“said to his family”
2417	GEN	35	2	s6f2			0	Put away the foreign gods that are among you	“Throw away your idols” or “Get rid of your false gods”
2418	GEN	35	2	ke2n			0	purify yourselves, and change your clothes	This was the custom of cleansing oneself morally and physically before going to worship God.
2419	GEN	35	2	p78p	translate-symaction		0	change your clothes	Putting on a new clothes was a sign that they had made themselves clean before approaching God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2420	GEN	35	3	uv67			0	in the day of my distress	“in the time of my distress” or “when I was in trouble”
2421	GEN	35	4	k9aj			0	So they gave	“so everyone in Jacob’s household gave” or “so all of his family and servants gave”
2422	GEN	35	4	v6i9	figs-metonymy		0	that were in their hand	Here “in their hand” stands for what they own. Alternate translation: “that were in their possession” or “that they had” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2423	GEN	35	4	q9se			0	the rings that were in their ears	“their earrings.” Possible meanings are (1) the gold in the earrings could have been used to make more idols or (2) they took these earrings from the city of Shechem after they attacked it and killed all the people. The earrings would have reminded them of their sin.
2424	GEN	35	5	kv2s	figs-metaphor		0	God made panic to fall on the cities	God causing the people of the cities to be afraid of Jacob and his family is spoken of as if panic were an object that fell on the cities. The abstract noun “panic” can be stated as “afraid.” Alternate translation: “God made the people in the surrounding cities afraid of Jacob and those with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2425	GEN	35	5	nn7z	figs-metonymy		0	on the cities	Here “cities” stands for the people who live in the cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2426	GEN	35	5	gee5	figs-explicit		0	the sons of Jacob	It is implied that no one attacked anyone in Jacob’s family. But two of the sons, Simeon and Levi had attacked the Canaanites relatives of Shechem after he seized and slept with Jacob’s daughter. Jacob was afraid they would seek revenge in [Genesis 34:30](../34/30.md). Alternate translation: “Jacob’s family” or “Jacob’s household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2427	GEN	35	6	ex8u	translate-names		0	Luz	This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Genesis 28:19](../28/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2428	GEN	35	7	ku6t	translate-names		0	El Bethel	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name El Bethel means ‘God of Bethel.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2429	GEN	35	7	i3c5			0	there God had revealed himself to him	“there God made himself known to Jacob”
2430	GEN	35	8	bz6e	translate-names		0	Deborah	This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2431	GEN	35	8	xvy6			0	Rebekah’s nurse	A nurse is a woman who takes care of another woman’s child. The nurse was highly honored and important to the family.
2432	GEN	35	8	je7d	figs-activepassive		0	She was buried down from Bethel	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They buried her down from Bethel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2433	GEN	35	8	v837			0	down from Bethel	The phrase “down from” is used because they buried her in a place that was lower in elevation than Bethel.
2434	GEN	35	8	cv5c	translate-names		0	Allon Bakuth	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Allon Bakuth means ‘Oak tree where there is weeping.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2435	GEN	35	9	sbc1	figs-explicit		0	When Jacob came from Paddan Aram	It can be made explicit that they were in Bethel. Alternate translation: “After Jacob left Paddan Aram, and while he was in Bethel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2436	GEN	35	9	x1ha			0	blessed	Here “bless” means to pronounce a formal blessing on someone and to cause good things to happen to that person.
2437	GEN	35	10	z15l	figs-activepassive		0	but your name will no longer be called Jacob	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but your name will no longer be Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2438	GEN	35	11	i7mm			0	God said to him	“God said to Jacob”
2439	GEN	35	11	z2vl	figs-doublet		0	Be fruitful and multiply	God told Jacob to produce children so that there would be many of them. The word “multiply” explains how he was to be “fruitful.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:22](../01/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2440	GEN	35	11	p3b2	figs-metonymy		0	A nation and a company of nations will come from you	Here “nation” and “nations” refer to Jacob’s descendants who will establish these nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2441	GEN	35	13	ev4e			0	God went up from him	Here “went up” is used because where God dwells is typically thought of as being up or above the world. Alternate translation: “God left him”
2442	GEN	35	14	b5hy			0	pillar	This is a memorial pillar which was simply a large stone or boulder set up on its end.
2443	GEN	35	14	epr5	translate-symaction		0	He poured out a drink offering over it and poured oil on it	This is a sign that he is dedicating the pillar to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2444	GEN	35	15	j65s			0	Bethel	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Bethel means ‘house of God.’”
2445	GEN	35	16	ap5k			0	Ephrath	This is another name for the town of Bethlehem.
2446	GEN	35	16	vy4h			0	She had hard labor	“She was having a very difficult time giving birth to the child”
2447	GEN	35	17	x4mh			0	While she was in hardest labor	“When the labor pain was at its worst”
2448	GEN	35	17	s3cm			0	midwife	a person who helps a woman when she is giving birth to a child
2449	GEN	35	18	hn3n	figs-idiom		0	As she was dying, with her dying breath	A “dying breath” is a person’s last breath before he or she dies. Alternate translation: “Just before she died, as she was taking her last breath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2450	GEN	35	18	dty6	translate-names		0	Ben-Oni	Translator may add a footnote that says “The name Ben-Oni means ‘son of my sorrow.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2451	GEN	35	18	d44e			0	Benjamin	Translator may add a footnote that says “The name Benjamin means ‘son of the right hand.’” The phrase “right hand” indicates a place of special favor.
2452	GEN	35	19	v664	figs-activepassive		0	was buried	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they buried her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2453	GEN	35	19	cj7f			0	on the way	“alongside the road”
2454	GEN	35	20	n32v			0	It is the marker of Rachel’s grave to this day	“It marks Rachel’s grave still to this day”
2455	GEN	35	20	lj22			0	to this day	“up to the present time.” This means to the time that the author was writing this.
2456	GEN	35	21	iq45	figs-explicit		0	Israel traveled on	It is implied that Israel’s family and servants are with him. The full meaning of this information can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2457	GEN	35	22	s2bs	figs-euphemism		0	lay with	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2458	GEN	35	22	w9fr	translate-names		0	Bilhah	This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2459	GEN	35	22	m9qr			0	Now Jacob had twelve sons	This sentence begins a new paragraph, which continues into the following verses.
2460	GEN	35	22	lv7q	translate-numbers		0	twelve sons	“12 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2461	GEN	35	25	vbv7	translate-names		0	Bilhah	This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2462	GEN	35	26	bk2l	translate-names		0	Zilpah	This is the name of Leah’s female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:24](../29/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2463	GEN	35	26	tc13	figs-explicit		0	who were born to him in Paddan Aram	It is implied that this does not include Benjamin who was born in the land of Canaan near Bethlehem. It only mentions Paddan Aram since that is where most of them were born. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “who were born to him in Paddan Aram, except Benjamin who was born in the land of Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2464	GEN	35	27	f44e	figs-go		0	Jacob came to Isaac	Here “came” can be stated as “went.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
2465	GEN	35	27	a58a	translate-names		0	Mamre	This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this in [Genesis 13:18](../13/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2466	GEN	35	27	bc7q	translate-names		0	Kiriath Arba	This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:2](../23/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2467	GEN	35	28	x251	translate-numbers		0	one hundred eighty years	“180 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2468	GEN	35	29	rk3c	figs-doublet		0	Isaac breathed his last and died	“Isaac took his last breath and died.” The phrases “breathed his last” and “died” mean basically the same thing. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 25:8](../25/08.md). Alternate translation: “Isaac died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2469	GEN	35	29	p3ct	figs-euphemism		0	breathed his last	This is a polite way of saying a person died. See how you translated this in [Genesis 25:8](../25/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2470	GEN	35	29	fpy4	figs-idiom		0	was gathered to his ancestors	This means that after Isaac died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he joined his family members who had already died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2471	GEN	35	29	bxx8	figs-doublet		0	an old man full of days	The phrases “old man” and “full of days” mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that Isaac lived a very long time. Alternate translation: “after he had lived a very long time and was very old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2472	GEN	36	intro	st7p			0		# Genesis 36 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Esau’s descendants<br>Esau’s descendants became known as the Edomite people group. They also become a great nation. This nation is prominent in the rest of the Old Testament. God graciously blessed Esau and he had many descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
2473	GEN	36	1	zj65	figs-explicit		0	These were the descendants of Esau (also called Edom)	“These are the descendants of Esau, who is also called Edom.” This sentence introduces the account of Esau’s descendants in Genesis 36:1-8. Alternate translation: “This is an account of the descendants of Esau, who is also called Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2474	GEN	36	2	ac64	translate-names		0	Adah…Oholibamah	These are names of Esau’s wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2475	GEN	36	2	hna3	translate-names		0	Elon the Hittite	“Elon the descendant of Heth” or “Elon a descendant of Heth.” This is the name of a man. See how you translate this in [Genesis 26:34](../26/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2476	GEN	36	2	s9ni	translate-names		0	Anah…Zibeon	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2477	GEN	36	2	hd6t			0	Hivite	This refers to a larger group of people. See how you translated it in [Genesis 10:17](../10/17.md).
2478	GEN	36	3	g86y	translate-names		0	Nebaioth	a man’s name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2479	GEN	36	3	k2u1	translate-names		0	Basemath	This is the name of one of Esau’s wives. See how you translated this in [Genesis 26:34](../26/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2480	GEN	36	3	n8tf	translate-names		0	Nebaioth	This is the name of one of Ishmael’s sons. See how you translated this in [Genesis 28:9](../28/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2481	GEN	36	4	w5z8	translate-names		0	Adah…Basemath	These are names of Esau’s wives. See how you translated these in [Genesis 36:2-3](./02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2482	GEN	36	4	s7t4	translate-names		0	Eliphaz…Reuel	These are names of Esau’s sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2483	GEN	36	5	rp9l	translate-names		0	Oholibamah	These are names of Esau’s wives. See how you translated these in [Genesis 36:2](./02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2484	GEN	36	5	m5u2	translate-names		0	Jeush…Jalam…Korah	These are names of Esau’s sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2485	GEN	36	6	k2ey	figs-explicit		0	which he had gathered in the land of Canaan	This refers to all of the things that he had accumulated while living in the land of Canaan. Alternate translation: “which he had accumulated while living in the land of Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2486	GEN	36	6	u7vt	figs-idiom		0	went into a land	This means to moved to another place and live there. Alternate translation: “went to live in another land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2487	GEN	36	7	y3im			0	their possessions	“Esau’s and Jacob’s possessions”
2488	GEN	36	7	kr6m	figs-explicit		0	could not support them because of their livestock	The land was not large enough to support all of the livestock that Jacob and Esau owned. Alternate translation: “was not big enough to support all of their livestock” or “was not big enough for both Esau’s flocks and Jacob’s flocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2489	GEN	36	7	ui47	figs-idiom		0	where they had settled	The word “settled” means to move somewhere and live there. Alternate translation: “where they had moved to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2490	GEN	36	9	yd4a	figs-explicit		0	These were the descendants of Esau	This sentence introduces the account of Esau’s descendants in Genesis 36:9-43. Alternate translation: “This is an account of the descendants of Esau” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2491	GEN	36	9	vme3	figs-explicit		0	in the hill country of Seir	This means that they lived in the hill country of Seir. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. Alternate translation: “who lived in the hill country of Seir” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2492	GEN	36	10	kf9d	translate-names		0	Eliphaz…Reuel	These are names of Esau’s sons. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:4](../36/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2493	GEN	36	10	b61h	translate-names		0	Adah…Basemath	These are names of Esau’s wives. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:2-3](./02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2494	GEN	36	11	uw62	translate-names		0	Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz	These are names of the sons of Eliphaz. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2495	GEN	36	12	q2xy	translate-names		0	Amalek	a son of Eliphaz (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2496	GEN	36	12	c8w1	translate-names		0	Timna	This is the name of Eliphaz’s concubine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2497	GEN	36	13	qe6l	translate-names		0	Reuel	This is the name of a son of Esau. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2498	GEN	36	13	eka4	translate-names		0	Nahath…Zerah…Shammah…Mizzah	These are names of Reuel’s sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2499	GEN	36	13	tv77	translate-names		0	Basemath	This is the name of a wife of Esau. See how you translated this in [Genesis 36:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2500	GEN	36	14	n41e	translate-names		0	Oholibamah	This is the name of a wife of Esau. See how you translated these in [Genesis 36:2](./02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

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