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richmahn_en_tn/tn_PRO.tsv
Richard Mahn cdd11db3d7 Aaron's edits to PRO (#3175) 
Co-authored-by: avaldizan <avaldizan@noreply.door43.org>
Co-authored-by: Richard Mahn <richmahn@users.noreply.github.com>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/3175
2023-03-30 19:38:40 +00:00

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2front:introspe40# Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Proverbs\n\n1. Introduction and purpose for Proverbs (1:1–7)\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n3. Proverbs from Solomon (10:1–22:16)\n4. Sayings from wise men (22:17–24:22)\n5. More sayings from wise men (24:23–34)\n6. Hezekiah’s proverbs from Solomon (25:1–29:27)\n7. Sayings from Agur (30:1–33)\n8. Sayings from Lemuel (31:1–9)\n9. Description of a good and capable wife (31:10–31)\n\n### What is the Book of Proverbs about?\n\nThe Book of Proverbs is a collection of proverbs. A proverb is a saying that gives wise advice or teaches something that is generally true about life. Most societies have their own proverbs and may use specific language that indicates something is a proverb. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe title of this book is often translated as “Proverbs.” A more general translation would be “Sayings for Wise People,” “Wise Sayings,” or something similar.\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Proverbs?\n\nProverbs begins with the words, “The Proverbs of Solomon, son of David and King of Israel.” However, Solomon did not write all of the proverbs in this book. Unnamed wise men wrote the proverbs in [22:17](../22/17.md)–[24:34](../24/34.md). Agur the son of Jakeh wrote the proverbs in [30:1–33](../30/01.md) and King Lemuel wrote the proverbs in [31:1–31](../31/01.md).\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What is meant by “wisdom” and “foolishness” in the Book of Proverbs?\n\n“Wisdom” refers to understanding and doing what is true and morally right. A wise person understands and does what Yahweh considers to be right. Anyone living in this way will also learn to live well with other people and to make good practical decisions in life. Those who fail to live in this way are called “foolish.” For this reason, it is possible for a person to be very intelligent and still be foolish. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Parallelism\n\nMany proverbs have two parts that have a relationship to each other. The second part may strengthen the first part, give more details about the first part, or say what seems to be the opposite of the first part. Translators should take into account that each proverb is also part of a larger group of proverbs. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\n### Personification\n\nIn Proverbs, certain qualities such as wisdom and stupidity are often represented as if they were human. [Proverbs 1:20–33](../01/20.md), [3:15–18](../03/15.md), [4:6–9](../04/06.md), and [8:1](../08/01.md)–[9:12](../09/12.md) refer to wisdom as if it were a woman. [Proverbs 9:13–18](../09/13.md) refers to stupidity as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent these qualities, the translator should translate in this way. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom or folly would be presented as being like a wise or stupid woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
31:introy4et0# Proverbs 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n1. Introduction and purpose for Proverbs (1:1–7)\n * Title (1:1)\n * The Purpose of Proverbs (1:2–6)\n * Main Theme: Fearing Yahweh is essential to being wise (1:7)\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Personification\n\nIn [1:20–33](../01/20.md), wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent an abstract concept like wisdom, the translator should translate the personification directly. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
41:1ej1trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisמִ֭שְׁלֵי שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה1The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “These are the proverbs of Solomon”
51:1q6pnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionמִ֭שְׁלֵי שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה1Here, the author is using the possessive form to describe **proverbs** that were written by **Solomon**. If this is not clear in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The proverbs that were written by Solomon”
61:2sah7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisלָ⁠דַ֣עַת חָכְמָ֣ה וּ⁠מוּסָ֑ר1[1:2–6](../01/02.md) are one long sentence that lacks some of the words that a sentence in many languages would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “The purposes of proverbs are to know wisdom and instruction”
71:2i8k2rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goalלָ⁠דַ֣עַת & לְ֝⁠הָבִ֗ין1**To** and **to** here indicate two purposes for proverbs. Use a natural way in your language for introducing purpose clauses. Alternate translation: “These proverbs are for the purpose of knowing … and they are for the purpose of understanding”
81:2iaq1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsחָכְמָ֣ה וּ⁠מוּסָ֑ר1If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **wisdom** and **instruction**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “wise and instructive things”
91:2rs3prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionאִמְרֵ֥י בִינָֽה1Here, the author is using the possessive form to describe **sayings** that give a person **understanding**. If this is not clear in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “sayings that give someone understanding”
101:3ew1zrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goalלָ֭⁠קַחַת מוּסַ֣ר1Here, **to** indicates a third purpose for proverbs. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. You may want to begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “These proverbs are for the purpose of receiving instruction of”
111:3aun5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsמוּסַ֣ר הַשְׂכֵּ֑ל צֶ֥דֶק וּ֝⁠מִשְׁפָּ֗ט וּ⁠מֵישָׁרִֽים1If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **instruction**, **insight**, **righteousness**, **justice**, and **integrity**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “what is instructive of what is insightful, what is righteous, what is just, and what is honest”
121:4j62drc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goalלָ⁠תֵ֣ת לִ⁠פְתָאיִ֣ם עָרְמָ֑ה1Here, **to** indicates a fourth purpose for proverbs. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. You may want to begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “These proverbs are for the purpose of giving naive ones prudence”
131:4p2carc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsעָרְמָ֑ה & דַּ֣עַת וּ⁠מְזִמָּֽה1If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **prudence**, **knowledge**, and **discretion**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “what is prudent … what he should know and how to be discreet”
141:4wxv5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnounלְ֝⁠נַ֗עַר1The author is speaking of young men in general, not of one particular **young man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “to young men”
151:5lrm20This verse is parenthetical and interrupts the list of purposes for proverbs in [1:2–6](../01/02.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could add parentheses, as in the ULT, or use a natural way in your language to indicate a parenthetical statement.
161:5gagyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismיִשְׁמַ֣ע חָ֭כָם וְ⁠י֣וֹסֶף לֶ֑קַח וְ֝⁠נָב֗וֹן תַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת יִקְנֶֽה1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “a wise one will hear and increase insight, yes, the understanding one will acquire guidance”
171:5r7snrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisיִשְׁמַ֣ע חָ֭כָם1The author is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “a wise one will hear these proverbs”
181:5sddgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitתַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת יִקְנֶֽה1The author implies that this person **will acquire guidance** from proverbs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will acquire guidance from these proverbs”
191:5ykulrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsתַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת1If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea **guidance**, you could express the same ides in another way. Alternate translation: “what guides”
201:6kp7trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismלְ⁠הָבִ֣ין מָ֭שָׁל וּ⁠מְלִיצָ֑ה דִּבְרֵ֥י חֲ֝כָמִ֗ים וְ⁠חִידֹתָֽ⁠ם1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that indicates that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “to understand a proverb and a satire, yes, to understand the words of the wise ones and their riddles”
211:6rcl9rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goalלְ⁠הָבִ֣ין מָ֭שָׁל וּ⁠מְלִיצָ֑ה1Here, **to** indicates a fifth purpose for proverbs. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. You may want to begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “These proverbs are for the purpose of understanding a proverb and a satire”
221:6h2dvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisדִּבְרֵ֥י חֲ֝כָמִ֗ים1The author is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “to understand the words of the wise ones”
231:6wlacrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyדִּבְרֵ֥י1Here, the author uses the term **words** to describe what **the wise ones** say by using **words**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the words spoken by”
241:7r9ndrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionיִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה1Here, the author is using the possessive form to describe **fear** that a person should have for **Yahweh**. If this is not clear in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The fear for Yahweh”
251:7ga71rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitרֵאשִׁ֣ית דָּ֑עַת1Here, **beginning** refers to the foundation or basis of something. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is the foundation of knowledge” or “is the prerequisite for acquiring knowledge” or “is what knowledge is based upon”
261:7l9zarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsיִרְאַ֣ת & דָּ֑עַת חָכְמָ֥ה וּ֝⁠מוּסָ֗ר1If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **fear**, **knowledge**, **wisdom**, and **instruction**, you could express the same ideas in another way. See how you translated **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md) and **wisdom** and **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “Being fearful of … knowing something … wise things and instructive things”
271:7ooaprc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrastחָכְמָ֥ה וּ֝⁠מוּסָ֗ר אֱוִילִ֥ים בָּֽזוּ1This clause is a strong contrast with the previous clause. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by contrast, fools despise wisdom and instruction”
281:8v4emrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismשְׁמַ֣ע בְּ֭נִ⁠י מוּסַ֣ר אָבִ֑י⁠ךָ וְ⁠אַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ תּוֹרַ֥ת אִמֶּֽ⁠ךָ1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Hear, my son, the instruction of your father, yes, do not forsake the law of your mother”
291:8p2x9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomשְׁמַ֣ע בְּ֭נִ⁠י מוּסַ֣ר1**Hear** often means “hear and obey.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language. Alternative translation: “Pay attention, my son, to the instruction of”
301:8f71krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsמוּסַ֣ר1See how you translated **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
311:8dqtrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personמוּסַ֣ר אָבִ֑י⁠ךָ1Solomon is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “the instruction of me, your father”
321:8wzq0rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesוְ⁠אַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ1Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning, **forsake**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “and heed”
331:8liisrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenounsתּוֹרַ֥ת1Here, the word **law** is singular in form, but it refers to several laws as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the rules of”
341:9h55yrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultכִּ֤י1**For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Obey these instructions because” or “Obey your parents because”
351:9esiwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismלִוְיַ֤ת חֵ֓ן הֵ֬ם לְ⁠רֹאשֶׁ֑⁠ךָ וַ֝⁠עֲנָקִ֗ים לְ⁠גַרְגְּרֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “they are a garland of grace for your head, yes, pendants for your neck”
361:9lcw8rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsלִוְיַ֤ת חֵ֓ן הֵ֬ם1Here, the pronoun **they** refers to the instruction and teaching of one’s parents, as stated in the previous verse. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the instruction and law from your parents are a garland of grace” or “what your parents taught you is a garland of grace”
371:9qxp8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorלִוְיַ֤ת חֵ֓ן הֵ֬ם לְ⁠רֹאשֶׁ֑⁠ךָ וַ֝⁠עֲנָקִ֗ים לְ⁠גַרְגְּרֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ1Here the author speaks of the rules and instructions that parents teach their children as if they were a **garland** or **pendants.** These two items make a person look more attractive to other people and may cause other people to respect that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use similes. Alternate translation: “they make you look more beautiful and respectable” or “they are like a garland of grace for your head and like pendants for your neck”
381:9b1ayrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionלִוְיַ֤ת חֵ֓ן1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **garland** that is characterized by **grace**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “are a gracious garland”
391:10ucf5rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypotheticalאִם־יְפַתּ֥וּ⁠ךָ חַ֝טָּאִ֗ים1Solomon is using a hypothetical situation to help his readers understand how important it is to resist temptation from **sinners**. Use the natural form in your language for expressing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “suppose sinners entice you”
401:10y9btrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitאִם־יְפַתּ֥וּ⁠ךָ חַ֝טָּאִ֗ים אַל־תֹּבֵֽא1Solomon implies that the **sinners** would **entice** his **son** to sin with them. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “if sinners entice you to join them in sinning, do not consent to sin with them”
411:11f89hrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypotheticalאִם־יֹאמְרוּ֮1Solomon is using a hypothetical situation to help his readers understand how sinners might entice someone to join them in sinning. Use the natural form in your language for expressing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “Suppose they say”
421:11nvn9rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsיֹאמְרוּ֮1Here, the pronoun **they** refers to sinners, as mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those sinners say”
431:11kzhnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusiveאִ֫תָּ֥⁠נוּ נֶאֶרְבָ֥ה & נִצְפְּנָ֖ה1By **us**, the sinners are referring to themselves but not other people, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
441:11easrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismנֶאֶרְבָ֥ה & נִצְפְּנָ֖ה1These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a word that shows the connection between these two phrases. Alternate translation: “Let us lie in wait … Yes, let us hide to ambush”
451:11tbiwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyלְ⁠דָ֑ם1Here, **blood** refers to violently murdering someone, which usually causes **blood** to come out of the person who is murdered. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “to shed blood” or “to murder someone”
461:11qu4wrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goalלְ⁠דָ֑ם נִצְפְּנָ֖ה1Here, **for** and **to** introduce the purposes for these actions. The purpose for lying in wait is to shed blood. The purpose for hiding is to ambush someone. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate purposes. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of shedding blood. Let us hide for the purpose of ambushing”
471:11yxfkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnounלְ⁠נָקִ֣י1The sinners are speaking of an **innocent** person in general, not of one particular **innocent one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “some innocent person”
481:12ohx2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusiveנִ֭בְלָעֵ⁠ם1By **us**, the sinners are referring to themselves but not other people, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
491:12w4w6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorנִ֭בְלָעֵ⁠ם1The sinners speak of murdering people as if they were swallowing them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Let us murder them”
501:12b8bqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismכִּ⁠שְׁא֣וֹל חַיִּ֑ים וּ֝⁠תְמִימִ֗ים כְּ⁠י֣וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר1These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “the living ones, like Sheol, yes, the whole ones like those going down to a pit”
511:12uwk1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisכִּ⁠שְׁא֣וֹל1The sinners are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “like Sheol swallows people”
521:12cvajrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationכִּ⁠שְׁא֣וֹל1The Israelites sometimes referred to dying as “going down to **Sheol**.” Here, **Sheol** is spoken of as if it were an animal that could **swallow** someone. The idea of **Sheol** swallowing someone refers to how people are completely gone after they die and are buried. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “like death is complete”
531:12ewpxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisוּ֝⁠תְמִימִ֗ים1The sinners are leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the beginning of the verse. Alternate translation: “and let us swallow the whole ones”
541:12kea4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוּ֝⁠תְמִימִ֗ים1Here, **whole** refers to being completely healthy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the healthy ones”
551:12ndi0rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisכְּ⁠י֣וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר1The sinners are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “like those going down to a pit are swallowed”
561:12ayt4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileכְּ⁠י֣וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר1The Israelites referred to dying as **going down to** **Sheol** or a **pit**. Here the sinners are saying that their victims are like **those going down to a pit** because those people will die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “like those who die”
571:13ls9yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusiveנִמְצָ֑א נְמַלֵּ֖א בָתֵּ֣י⁠נוּ1In this verse, the sinners use **We** and **our** to refer to themselves but not other people. Use the exclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
581:13jh51rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleכָּל1The sinners say **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “very much”
591:14x2p6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomגּ֭וֹרָ֣לְ⁠ךָ תַּפִּ֣יל בְּ⁠תוֹכֵ֑⁠נוּ1This is an idiom. If could refer to: (1) joining with a group of people that will share the same destiny. Alternate translation: “You must join us and share our destiny” (2) the practice of throwing small objects called lots to determine who would receive something. Alternate translation: “You must join us in sharing loot by casting lots”
601:14l56rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyכִּ֥יס אֶ֝חָ֗ד יִהְיֶ֥ה לְ⁠כֻלָּֽ⁠נוּ1Here, **purse** represents everything that these sinners steal. Some of what they steal would be put in a **purse**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “we will equally share everything that we steal”
611:14ci4yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusiveבְּ⁠תוֹכֵ֑⁠נוּ & לְ⁠כֻלָּֽ⁠נוּ1In this verse, the sinners use **our** and **us** to refer to themselves but not other people. Use the exclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
621:15vdaorc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismאַל־תֵּלֵ֣ךְ בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ אִתָּ֑⁠ם מְנַ֥ע רַ֝גְלְ⁠ךָ֗ מִ⁠נְּתִיבָתָֽ⁠ם1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that would show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “do not walk in the way with them, yes, restrain your foot from their path”
631:15t25urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאַל־תֵּלֵ֣ךְ בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ אִתָּ֑⁠ם מְנַ֥ע רַ֝גְלְ⁠ךָ֗ מִ⁠נְּתִיבָתָֽ⁠ם1Solomon uses **walk** to refer to associating with the sinners. He uses **way** and **path** to refer to the behavior of the sinners. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “have nothing to do with those sinners; keep yourself from behaving like them”
641:15bcrzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheרַ֝גְלְ⁠ךָ֗1Solomon is using one part of a person, the **foot**, to represent the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “yourself”
651:16cdbrrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultכִּ֣י1**For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do not walk with them because”
661:16v6fcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheרַ֭גְלֵי⁠הֶם & יָר֑וּצוּ1Here, “feet” represents the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they run”
671:16vap2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorרַ֭גְלֵי⁠הֶם לָ⁠רַ֣ע יָר֑וּצוּ1Solomon speaks of how eager the sinners are to do evil as if **their feet** were running to it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they are eager to do evil”
681:16m7uirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyלִ⁠שְׁפָּךְ־דָּֽם1The phrase **pour out blood** refers to violently murdering people, which usually causes **blood** to come out of the people who are murdered. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “to murder others”
691:17ll92rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveמְזֹרָ֣ה הָ⁠רָ֑שֶׁת1If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “does someone spread out a net”
701:17uzljrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknownמְזֹרָ֣ה הָ⁠רָ֑שֶׁת1A **net** is a trap that hunters use to catch animals. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of trap, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “is the trap set up”
711:17v3zerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyבְּ֝⁠עֵינֵ֗י1Here, **eyes** refers to what is seen with the **eyes**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in view of” or “in the sight of”
721:17gedsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomבַּ֥עַל כָּנָֽף1The phrase **owner of wing** refers to a bird. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.
731:18oexirc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrastוְ֭⁠הֵם1Here, **but** indicates a strong contrast between the bird mentioned in the previous verse and the sinners who speak in [1:11–14](../01/11.md). In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. You may want to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “By contrast, they”
741:18ulr3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ֭⁠הֵם & יֶאֱרֹ֑בוּ1This phrase finishes the comparison started in the previous verse. Unlike a bird who is smart enough to avoid a net, these sinners destroy themselves by doing sinful things that cause them to be killed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but they are more foolish than birds. They lie in wait”
751:18siserc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismוְ֭⁠הֵם לְ⁠דָמָ֣⁠ם יֶאֱרֹ֑בוּ יִ֝צְפְּנ֗וּ לְ⁠נַפְשֹׁתָֽ⁠ם׃1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a word that shows the connection between these two clauses. Alternate translation: “but they lie in wait for their blood, yes, they hide in ambush for their lives”
761:18mlekrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsוְ֭⁠הֵם & יִ֝צְפְּנ֗וּ1In this verse, the pronoun **they** refers to the sinners described in [1:10–16](../01/10.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but those sinners … those sinners hide in ambush”
771:18b16mrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultוְ֭⁠הֵם לְ⁠דָמָ֣⁠ם יֶאֱרֹ֑בוּ יִ֝צְפְּנ֗וּ לְ⁠נַפְשֹׁתָֽ⁠ם1In this verse, **for** introduces the result of these actions. They **lie in wait** and **hide in ambush** and the result is that it costs them **their blood**and **their lives**. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. Alternate translation: “but they lie in wait, which costs them their blood; they hide in ambush, which costs them their lives”
781:18vs5nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyלְ⁠דָמָ֣⁠ם1See how you translated **blood** in [1:11](../01/11.md).
791:18rih3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyלְ⁠נַפְשֹׁתָֽ⁠ם1Here, “their own lives” refers to the sinners themselves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for themselves”
801:19fz7src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאָ֭רְחוֹת1Here, Solomon uses **paths** to refer to the destiny of those sinners. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are the destinies of”
811:19cse7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjכָּל1Here, Solomon uses the adjective **all** as a noun to mean “every person.” Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “every person”
821:19zdvurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsבָּ֑צַע1If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **gain**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what they gain unjustly”
831:19jk1src://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsבְּעָלָ֣י⁠ו יִקָּֽח1Here, the pronouns **it** and **its** refer to the **unjust gain**, which is mentioned in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “that unjust gain takes … unjust gain’s owner”
841:19su23rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationאֶת־נֶ֖פֶשׁ בְּעָלָ֣י⁠ו יִקָּֽח1Solomon speaks of **unjust gain** as if it were a person who could kill his **owner**. He means that the wicked things that sinful people do to **unjustly gain unjust gain** will result in them dying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “unjust gain results in its owner dying” or “seeking unjust gain kills those who do it” or “it is as if unjust gain takes the life of its owner”
851:19r7lcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomאֶת־נֶ֖פֶשׁ & יִקָּֽח1Here, the phrase **takes the life of** means to kill someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it kills”
861:20xza50In [1:20–33](../01/20.md), wisdom is spoken of as if it were a woman speaking to the people. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter.
871:20kh97rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismחָ֭כְמוֹת בַּ⁠ח֣וּץ תָּרֹ֑נָּה בָּ֝⁠רְחֹב֗וֹת תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽ⁠הּ1These two clauses and the two clauses of the next verse mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Wisdom cries out outside, yes, she gives her voice in the open places”
881:20pj5irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationחָ֭כְמוֹת & תָּרֹ֑נָּה & תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽ⁠הּ1Here, Solomon speaks of **Wisdom** as if it were a woman who **cries out** or **gives her voice**. He means that **Wisdom** is available to all people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is available … it is available” or “Wisdom is like a woman who cries out … like a woman who gives her voice” or “It is as if wisdom cries out … it is as if wisdom gives its voice”
891:20pj5vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitבַּ⁠ח֣וּץ1Here, **outside** refers to the public space **outside** of one’s house where there would be many people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the streets”
901:20u7zcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomתִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽ⁠הּ1This is an idiom that means **she** spoke very loudly. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “speaks with a loud voice”
911:20njj7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitבָּ֝⁠רְחֹב֗וֹת1Here, **open areas** refers to large, outdoor public places where there would usually be many people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the marketplaces” or “in the plazas”
921:21b47prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismבְּ⁠רֹ֥אשׁ הֹמִיּ֗וֹת תִּ֫קְרָ֥א בְּ⁠פִתְחֵ֖י שְׁעָרִ֥ים בָּ⁠עִ֗יר אֲמָרֶ֥י⁠הָ תֹאמֵֽר1These two clauses and the two clauses of the previous verse mean basically the same thing. These two clauses emphasize the meaning of the first clause of the previous verse by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that would show that these clauses are repeating the first one in the previous verse, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Yes, at the head of the tumultuous places she calls out; yes, at the opening of the gates in the city she says her sayings”
931:21ggk1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorבְּ⁠רֹ֥אשׁ1Here, **head** refers to the place where busy streets intersect. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “At the intersection of streets in”
941:21jy0yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationתִּ֫קְרָ֥א & אֲמָרֶ֥י⁠הָ תֹאמֵֽר1Here, Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman who **calls out** or **says her sayings**. He means that **Wisdom** is available to all people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “wisdom is available … it is available” or “it is as if wisdom calls out … it is as if wisdom says its sayings”
951:21b1k3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitבְּ⁠פִתְחֵ֖י שְׁעָרִ֥ים בָּ⁠עִ֗יר1Solomon’s readers would have understood that the **the opening of the gates in the city** was a crowded place where many people gathered. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “at the opening of the gates in the city, where many people gather,”
961:22atm2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotationsעַד־מָתַ֣י1[1:22–33](../01/22.md) are one long quotation that Solomon presents as if wisdom itself were speaking. Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “She says, ‘Until when” or “It is as if wisdom says, ‘Until when”
971:22jk3xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionעַד־מָתַ֣י ׀ פְּתָיִם֮ תְּֽאֵהֲב֫וּ פֶ֥תִי וְ⁠לֵצִ֗ים לָ֭צוֹן חָמְד֣וּ לָ⁠הֶ֑ם וּ֝⁠כְסִילִ֗ים יִשְׂנְאוּ־דָֽעַת1Wisdom is using the question form to emphasize that these types of people should stop acting the way they do. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “For too long the naive ones have loved naiveté and mockers have delighted in mockery for themselves and stupid ones have hated knowledge!”
981:22v3njrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsפֶ֥תִי & לָ֭צוֹן & דָֽעַת1If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **naiveté**, **mockery**, and **knowledge**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “thinking naively … mocking …knowing something”
991:23la68rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitתָּשׁ֗וּבוּ1**Turn** here implies turning one’s head in order to listen better to what someone is saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Turn your heads and listen”
1001:23uv1bהִנֵּ֤ה1**Behold** is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use some emphatic term or expression in your language that would have this same effect. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully”
1011:23jw6orc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismאַבִּ֣יעָה לָ⁠כֶ֣ם רוּחִ֑⁠י אוֹדִ֖יעָה דְבָרַ֣⁠י אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that would show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “I shall allow my spirit to gush forth to you, yes, I shall cause you to know my words”
1021:23c7circ://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorרוּחִ֑⁠י1Here, **spirit** refers to a person’s thoughts. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my thoughts”
1031:23t4c9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאַבִּ֣יעָה לָ⁠כֶ֣ם רוּחִ֑⁠י1Wisdom telling the people what she thinks is spoken of as if her thoughts were a liquid that she would **gush forth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I shall tell you what I think”
1041:23mwpxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyדְבָרַ֣⁠י1Here, wisdom uses the term **words** to describe what she says by using **words**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the words that I speak”
1051:24rpx7rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultיַ֣עַן1**Because** here indicates that what follows in this verse and the next verse is the reason for the result that is stated in [1:26–27](../01/26.md). Use the most natural way in your language to state a reason. If you divide [1:24–27](../01/24.md) into two sentences, then you will need to remove **Because** here and add a word to express result at the beginning of [1:26](../01/26.md), as in the UST. Alternate translation: “Since”
1061:24p5wgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismקָ֭רָאתִי וַ⁠תְּמָאֵ֑נוּ נָטִ֥יתִי יָ֝דִ֗⁠י וְ⁠אֵ֣ין מַקְשִֽׁיב1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that would show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “I have called and you have refused, yes, I have stretched out my hand and there was no one listening attentively”
1071:24e734rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitוַ⁠תְּמָאֵ֑נוּ1Wisdom implies that people **refused** to listen to what she said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and you have refused to listen to me”
1081:24i835rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomנָטִ֥יתִי יָ֝דִ֗⁠י1This phrase **stretched out my hand** is an idiom that refers to beckoning someone or inviting a person to come. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I stretched out my hand to beckon you” or “I beckoned you”
1091:25h2kirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismוַ⁠תִּפְרְע֥וּ כָל־עֲצָתִ֑⁠י וְ֝⁠תוֹכַחְתִּ֗⁠י לֹ֣א אֲבִיתֶֽם1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “and you have ignored all my counsel, yes, my rebuke you did not accept”
1101:25l0lerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsעֲצָתִ֑⁠י וְ֝⁠תוֹכַחְתִּ֗⁠י1If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **counsel** and **rebuke**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “that I have counseled, and … what I said to rebuke you”
1111:26r8lxrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultגַּם־אֲ֭נִי1[1:26–27](../01/26.md) state the result of what was stated in [1:24–25](../01/24.md). If you divided [1:24–27](../01/24.md) into two sentences and removed **Because** from [1:24](../01/24.md), then you will need to add a word here to express the result of the reasons given in [1:24–25](../01/24.md). Alternate translation: “As a result, I too” or “So, I too”
1121:26sl5urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismגַּם־אֲ֭נִי בְּ⁠אֵידְ⁠כֶ֣ם אֶשְׂחָ֑ק אֶ֝לְעַ֗ג בְּ⁠בֹ֣א פַחְדְּ⁠כֶֽם1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “I too shall laugh in your calamity, yes, I shall mock when your dread comes”
1131:26rfi6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitגַּם־אֲ֭נִי1The phrase translated as **I too** shifts the focus from the foolish people mentioned in [1:24–25](../01/24.md) to the person speaking, who represents wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I in turn” or “I, for my part”
1141:26p97hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsבְּ⁠אֵידְ⁠כֶ֣ם & בְּ⁠בֹ֣א פַחְדְּ⁠כֶֽם1If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **calamity** and **dread**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “when you suffer … when you are scared”
1151:26jucurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationבְּ⁠בֹ֣א פַחְדְּ⁠כֶֽם1Here, wisdom speaks of experiencing **dread** as if it were a person who **comes** to someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when you experience dread”
1161:27efxqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationבְּ⁠בֹ֤א & פַּחְדְּ⁠כֶ֗ם1See how you translated this phrase in the previous verse.
1171:27qn3zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsפַּחְדְּ⁠כֶ֗ם וְֽ֭⁠אֵידְ⁠כֶם1See how you translated **dread** and **calamity** in the previous verse.
1181:27kd9mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileכ⁠שאוה & כְּ⁠סוּפָ֣ה1Here, wisdom compares the manner in which **dread** and **calamity** will happen to the destructive power of a **storm** or **whirlwind**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “violently … violently”
1191:27uy59rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileבְּ⁠בֹ֥א עֲ֝לֵי⁠כֶ֗ם צָרָ֥ה וְ⁠צוּקָֽה1Here, wisdom speaks of experiencing **distress and anguish** as if they were a person who could **come upon** someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when you experience distress and anguish”
1201:27xrk8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsצָרָ֥ה וְ⁠צוּקָֽה1If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **distress** and **anguish**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “what is distressing and what makes you anguished”
1211:28m9t9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismאָ֣ז יִ֭קְרָאֻ⁠נְנִי וְ⁠לֹ֣א אֶֽעֱנֶ֑ה יְ֝שַׁחֲרֻ֗⁠נְנִי וְ⁠לֹ֣א יִמְצָאֻֽ⁠נְנִי1These two sentences mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the sentences with a word that shows that the second sentence is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Then they will call out to me, but I will not answer. Yes, they will diligently seek me, but they will not find me”
1221:28g5w7rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsיִ֭קְרָאֻ⁠נְנִי & יְ֝שַׁחֲרֻ֗⁠נְנִי וְ⁠לֹ֣א יִמְצָאֻֽ⁠נְנִי1In this verse, the pronoun **they** refers to the foolish people who ignored wisdom, as described in [1:22–27](../01/22.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those who ignored me will call out to me … those people will diligently seek me, but they will not find me”
1231:28zousrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitיִ֭קְרָאֻ⁠נְנִי1Here, **call out** implies crying out for help. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “they will call out to me for help”
1241:29ty8crc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultתַּ֭חַת כִּי1This phrase indicates that what follows in this verse and the next verse are the reasons why the foolish people will not find wisdom, as stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to express reasons. Alternate translation: “because”
1251:29xk1erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsדָ֑עַת1See how you translated **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
1261:29iu3zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionוְ⁠יִרְאַ֥ת יְ֝הֹוָ֗ה1See how you translated **the fear of Yahweh** in [1:7](../01/07.md).
1271:30q2mirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismלֹא־אָב֥וּ לַ⁠עֲצָתִ֑⁠י נָ֝אֲצ֗וּ כָּל־תּוֹכַחְתִּֽ⁠י1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “they did not want my counsel, yes, they despised my every rebuke”
1281:30jhg8rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsלֹא־אָב֥וּ & נָ֝אֲצ֗וּ1In this verse, the pronoun **they** refers to the foolish people who ignored wisdom, as described in [1:22–27](../01/22.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those who ignored me did not want … and those people despised”
1291:30h1dsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsלַ⁠עֲצָתִ֑⁠י & כָּל־תּוֹכַחְתִּֽ⁠י1See how you translated the abstract nouns **counsel** and **rebuke** in [1:25](../01/25.md).
1301:31nr9krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismוְֽ֭⁠יֹאכְלוּ מִ⁠פְּרִ֣י דַרְכָּ֑⁠ם וּֽ⁠מִ⁠מֹּעֲצֹ֖תֵי⁠הֶ֣ם יִשְׂבָּֽעוּ1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “And they will eat from the fruit of their way, yes, from their plans they will be satisfied”
1311:31wkf7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomוְֽ֭⁠יֹאכְלוּ מִ⁠פְּרִ֣י דַרְכָּ֑⁠ם1Here, people suffering the consequences of their behavior is spoken of as if they were eating **the fruit of their way**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar idiom from your language or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And they will experience the consequences of their behavior”
1321:31c1jcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּֽ⁠מִ⁠מֹּעֲצֹ֖תֵי⁠הֶ֣ם יִשְׂבָּֽעוּ1If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and their plans will satisfy them”
1331:31bk2crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוּֽ⁠מִ⁠מֹּעֲצֹ֖תֵי⁠הֶ֣ם יִשְׂבָּֽעוּ1Here, the word translated as **satisfied** means “to be made full of.” This word can have either a positive or negative meaning, but here the meaning is negative. It means that these foolish people will suffer the full consequences of **their** foolish **plans**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they will experience the consequences of their plans”
1341:32t8afrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrasesכִּ֤י1**For** here indicates that what follows in [1:32–33](../01/32.md) is the conclusion to what wisdom stated in [1:22–31](../01/22.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In conclusion,”
1351:32bxu4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismמְשׁוּבַ֣ת פְּתָיִ֣ם תַּֽהַרְגֵ֑⁠ם וְ⁠שַׁלְוַ֖ת כְּסִילִ֣ים תְּאַבְּדֵֽ⁠ם1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “the turning away of the naive ones will slay them, yes, false security will lead stupid ones to ruin”
1361:32bwmerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationמְשׁוּבַ֣ת פְּתָיִ֣ם תַּֽהַרְגֵ֑⁠ם1Here, **turning away** is spoken of as if it were a person who could **slay** someone. This expression means that **the naive ones** will die because of their **turning away**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “the naive ones will die because of their turning away” or “the turning away of the naive ones is like someone who will slay them”
1371:32s7lnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorמְשׁוּבַ֣ת פְּתָיִ֣ם1Here, refusing to listen to wisdom is spoken of as **turning away** from the one who is speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the refusing to listen of the naive ones”
1381:32le64rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsוְ⁠שַׁלְוַ֖ת1If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **false security**, you could express the same idea with a different expression. Alternate translation: “wrongly feeling secure”
1391:32cmi9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationוְ⁠שַׁלְוַ֖ת כְּסִילִ֣ים תְּאַבְּדֵֽ⁠ם1Here, **false security** is spoken of as if it were a person who could **lead** someone. This expression means that **stupid ones** will die because of their **false security**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “and stupid ones will be ruined because of their false security” or “false security of stupid ones is like someone who will ruin them”
1401:33pspzrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrastוְ⁠שֹׁמֵ֣עַֽ1**But** here indicates a strong contrast between **the one who listens** and “the naive ones,” who were mentioned in the previous verse. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “However, the one who listens”
1411:33kho1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionמִ⁠פַּ֥חַד רָעָֽה1Here, the possessive form describes **dread** that a person has for **evil**. If this is not clear in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from dreading evil”
1421:33zjk2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsמִ⁠פַּ֥חַד רָעָֽה1See how you translated the abstract nouns **dread** in [1:26](../01/26.md) and **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
1432:introwr6i0# Proverbs 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crimes or adultery (2:1–22)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men.
1442:1ku26בְּ֭נִ⁠י1In [2:1](../02/01.md)–[7:27](../07/27.md), Solomon continues addressing his **son** directly, as he had previously in [1:8–19](../01/08.md).
1452:1fkclrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypotheticalאִם1Here, **if** indicates the beginning of a conditional sentence that extends from this verse to [2:5](../02/05.md). This is the first of three **if** clauses in this long sentence. If it would be clearer in your language, you could divide this long sentence into shorter sentences and indicate the condition along with the result in [2:5](../02/05.md), as in the UST.
1462:1jh3irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוּ֝⁠מִצְוֺתַ֗⁠י תִּצְפֹּ֥ן אִתָּֽ⁠ךְ1Valuing the father’s **commandments** is spoken of as if the **commandments** were a treasure and the person were a safe place to store that treasure. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and consider my commandments to be as valuable as a treasure”
1472:2hivarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitלְ⁠הַקְשִׁ֣יב לַֽ⁠חָכְמָ֣ה אָזְנֶ֑⁠ךָ תַּטֶּ֥ה לִ֝בְּ⁠ךָ֗ לַ⁠תְּבוּנָֽה1The word translated as **to** here indicates that what follows in this verse explains the means by which a person can receive the sayings and commandments mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “by causing your ear to be attentive to wisdom, and by inclining your heart to understanding”
1482:2an5crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomלְ⁠הַקְשִׁ֣יב & אָזְנֶ֑⁠ךָ1This phrase is an idiom that refers to forcing oneself to listen carefully. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “force yourself to listen carefully”
1492:2w1ilrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsלַֽ⁠חָכְמָ֣ה & לַ⁠תְּבוּנָֽה1See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
1502:2ibafrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyתַּטֶּ֥ה לִ֝בְּ⁠ךָ֗ לַ⁠תְּבוּנָֽה1Here, Solomon uses **heart** to refer a person’s inner being or mind. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “incline your inner being to understanding” or “incline your mind to understanding”
1512:2gme3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomתַּטֶּ֥ה לִ֝בְּ⁠ךָ֗ לַ⁠תְּבוּנָֽה1The phrase **incline your heart** is an idiom that refers to fully committing one’s mind to doing something. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “fully commit yourself to gaining understanding”
1522:3j5n7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismאִ֣ם לַ⁠בִּינָ֣ה תִקְרָ֑א לַ֝⁠תְּבוּנָ֗ה תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלֶֽ⁠ךָ1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with words that show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “if you call out for understanding, yes, if for perception you lift up your voice”
1532:3ntajrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationלַ⁠בִּינָ֣ה & לַ֝⁠תְּבוּנָ֗ה1Here, Solomon speaks of calling out to receive **understanding** and **perception** as if they were people whom someone could summon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to receive understanding … to receive perception”
1542:3v4y2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsלַ⁠בִּינָ֣ה1See how you translated the abstract noun **understanding** in the previous verse.
1552:3cda0rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsלַ֝⁠תְּבוּנָ֗ה1If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **perception**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “for what should be perceived”
1562:3q192rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomתִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלֶֽ⁠ךָ1This phrase is an idiom that refers to speaking loudly. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you speak with a loud voice”
1572:4ci1krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismאִם־תְּבַקְשֶׁ֥⁠נָּה כַ⁠כָּ֑סֶף וְֽ⁠כַ⁠מַּטְמוֹנִ֥ים תַּחְפְּשֶֽׂ⁠נָּה1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with words other than **and** that show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “if you seek it like silver, yes, if search for it like hidden treasures”
1582:4mvqxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisאִם־תְּבַקְשֶׁ֥⁠נָּה כַ⁠כָּ֑סֶף וְֽ⁠כַ⁠מַּטְמוֹנִ֥ים תַּחְפְּשֶֽׂ⁠נָּה1Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “if you seek it like it were silver and search for it like it were hidden treasures” or “if you seek it like you would seek silver and search for it like you would search for hidden treasures”
1592:4sm8urc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsתְּבַקְשֶׁ֥⁠נָּה & תַּחְפְּשֶֽׂ⁠נָּה1In this verse, the pronoun **it** refers to wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you seek wisdom … search for wisdom”
1602:4ll3nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileאִם־תְּבַקְשֶׁ֥⁠נָּה כַ⁠כָּ֑סֶף וְֽ⁠כַ⁠מַּטְמוֹנִ֥ים תַּחְפְּשֶֽׂ⁠נָּה1Solomon is saying that wisdom is like **silver** and **hidden treasures** because those are items they people value greatly and work very hard to find. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “if you seek it diligently like one seeks silver and search for it diligently like one searches for hidden treasures”
1612:5y8larc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultאָ֗ז1Here, **then** indicates that what follows is the result of meeting the conditions that are stated in [2:1–4](../02/01.md). If you divided this long sentence in [2:1–5](../02/01.md) into shorter sentences, then you will need to indicate condition before the result here, as in the UST. Alternate translation: “If you do so, then the result will be that”
1622:5ngzmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionיִרְאַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה1See how you translated this phrase in [1:7](../01/07.md).
1632:5h49hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠דַ֖עַת אֱלֹהִ֣ים תִּמְצָֽא1Obtaining **the knowledge of God** is spoken of as if **the knowledge of God** were an object that a person can **find** by searching for it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will have the knowledge of God”
1642:5vknkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionוְ⁠דַ֖עַת אֱלֹהִ֣ים תִּמְצָֽא1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe knowing **God**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and you will find how to know God”
1652:6cq0zrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultכִּֽי1**For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why what Solomon stated in [2:1–4](../02/01.md) is true. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is due to the fact that”
1662:6ab3jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsחָכְמָ֑ה & דַּ֣עַת וּ⁠תְבוּנָֽה1See how you translated **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **knowledge** and **understanding** in the previous verse.
1672:6g5bjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheמִ֝⁠פִּ֗י⁠ו דַּ֣עַת וּ⁠תְבוּנָֽה1Here, **mouth** represents Yahweh himself or what he says. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from Yahweh comes knowledge and understanding”
1682:7jn6brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorו⁠צפן לַ֭⁠יְשָׁרִים תּוּשִׁיָּ֑ה1Yahweh possessing **sound wisdom** that he gives to people is spoken of as if **sound wisdom** were an item that Yahweh **stores up**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And he has sound wisdom to provide for the upright ones”
1692:7dv7krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsתּוּשִׁיָּ֑ה1If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **sound wisdom**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “soundly wise things”
1702:7m2mirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorמָ֝גֵ֗ן לְ⁠הֹ֣לְכֵי תֹֽם1Yahweh protecting his people is spoken of as if he were a **shield**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he shields those walking with integrity”
1712:7u4zrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorלְ⁠הֹ֣לְכֵי תֹֽם1Here, **walking** refers to how people behave. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who conduct themselves with integrity”
1722:7xk74rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsתֹֽם1See how you translated the abstract noun **integrity** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
1732:8ajdorc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goalלִ֭⁠נְצֹר1Here, **to** indicates that what follows is the purpose for Yahweh giving “sound wisdom” and being a “shield,” as stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a purpose. You may to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does these things for the purpose of guarding”
1742:8qt7rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאָרְח֣וֹת מִשְׁפָּ֑ט1Here, **paths** could refer to: (1) the lives of people who behave justly, in which case the meaning is similar to the next clause in the verse. Alternate translation: “those who behave justly” (2) **justice** itself, as if it were **paths**. Alternate translation: “the path that is justice” or “justice”
1752:8t2qdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠דֶ֖רֶךְ חֲסִידָ֣יו יִשְׁמֹֽר1Here, Solomon speaks of the lives of God’s **faithful ones** as if they were a way or road. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he will preserve the lives of his faithful ones”
1762:9qn9xrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultאָ֗ז1**Then** here indicates that what follows is another result of meeting the conditions stated in [2:1–4](../02/01.md). Use the most natural way in your language to indicate the result of meeting conditions. Alternate translation: “If you do those things, then the result will be that”
1772:9hh3zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsצֶ֣דֶק וּ⁠מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּ֝⁠מֵישָׁרִ֗ים1See how you translated the abstract nouns **righteousness**, **justice**, and **integrity** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
1782:9ex8yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorכָּל־מַעְגַּל־טֽוֹב1Here, Solomon speaks of wise behavior as if it were a **good track**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “every good behavior”
1792:10ftxtrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsחָכְמָ֣ה & וְ֝⁠דַ֗עַת1See how you translated **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
1802:10sjsprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyבְ⁠לִבֶּ֑⁠ךָ1See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
1812:10kf4irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomתָב֣וֹא & בְ⁠לִבֶּ֑⁠ךָ1This phrase is an idiom that refers to fully knowing something. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be fully known by you” or “will be fully in your mind”
1822:10z4e2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheלְֽ⁠נַפְשְׁ⁠ךָ֥ יִנְעָֽם1Here, **spirit** refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be pleasant to you”
1832:11oo4b1[2:11–17](../02/11.md) are one long sentence. If you divide these verses into multiple sentences, as the UST does, then you may need to repeat some phrases in order to make the meaning clear.
1842:11q2thrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismמְ֭זִמָּה תִּשְׁמֹ֥ר עָלֶ֗י⁠ךָ תְּבוּנָ֥ה תִנְצְרֶֽ⁠כָּה1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Discretion will preserve over you, yes, understanding will protect you”
1852:11jbm7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationמְ֭זִמָּה תִּשְׁמֹ֥ר עָלֶ֗י⁠ךָ תְּבוּנָ֥ה תִנְצְרֶֽ⁠כָּה1Here, Solomon speaks of **discretion** and **understanding** as if they were people who could **protect** someone else. He means that someone who has **discretion** and **understanding** will be safe. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “If you have discretion, you will be safe; if you have understanding, you will be secure”
1862:11dnu8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsמְ֭זִמָּה & תְּבוּנָ֥ה1See how you translated **Discretion** in [1:4](../01/04.md) and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
1872:12ix2erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationלְ֭⁠הַצִּ֣ילְ⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon speaks of “discretion” and “understanding” as if they were people who could **rescue** someone. He means that people who have “discretion” and “understanding” will **rescue** themselves from harm. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to rescue yourselves”
1882:12w9jerc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goalלְ֭⁠הַצִּ֣ילְ⁠ךָ1Here, **to** indicates that what follows is the purpose for “discretion” and “understanding” protecting a person, as stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a purpose. Alternate translation: “Discretion and understanding will protect you for the purpose of rescuing you”
1892:12xcemrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionמִ⁠דֶּ֣רֶךְ רָ֑ע1This phase **the way of evil** could refer to: (1) the **way** of an **evil** person. This interpretation fits the context of the descriptions of evil people given in [2:12–17](../02/12.md). Alternate translation: “from the way of an evil person” (2) a **way** that is characterized by **evil**. Alternate translation: “from the evil way”
1902:12vs4crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorמִ⁠דֶּ֣רֶךְ1Here, Solomon uses **way** to refer to how people behave. See how you translated this use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
1912:12ekbfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsרָ֑ע1See how you translated the abstract noun **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
1922:12utj7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisמֵ֝⁠אִ֗ישׁ1Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and to rescue you from a man”
1932:12vundrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnounמֵ֝⁠אִ֗ישׁ1The word **man** here represents a type of person in general, not one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “from a person”
1942:13a5k8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאָרְח֣וֹת יֹ֑שֶׁר1Here, **the paths of straightness** refers to behaving in a right manner. The word **paths** refers to human behavior, and **straightness** refers to being righteous. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “doing what is right” or “acting rightly”
1952:13tc6prc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goalלָ֝⁠לֶ֗כֶת1Here, **to** introduces the purpose for forsaking **the paths of straightness**. Use a natural way in your language to indicate purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of walking”
1962:13q9byrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomלָ֝⁠לֶ֗כֶת בְּ⁠דַרְכֵי־חֹֽשֶׁךְ1This phrase refers to behaving in an evil manner. The biblical authors often use **walk** to refer to how someone behaves and **darkness** to refer to evil. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to do what is evil” or “to behave in an evil manner”
1972:14e571rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsרָ֑ע & רָֽע1See how you translated the abstract noun **evil**in [1:16](../01/16.md).
1982:14t4yzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionבְּֽ⁠תַהְפֻּכ֥וֹת רָֽע1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **perverse things** that are characterized by **evil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “evil perverse things”
1992:15ei69rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismאֲשֶׁ֣ר אָרְחֹתֵי⁠הֶ֣ם עִקְּשִׁ֑ים וּ֝⁠נְלוֹזִ֗ים בְּ⁠מַעְגְּלוֹתָֽ⁠ם1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “whose paths are crooked, yes, who go astray in their tracks”
2002:15jpq2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאָרְחֹתֵי⁠הֶ֣ם עִקְּשִׁ֑ים & בְּ⁠מַעְגְּלוֹתָֽ⁠ם1Here, Solomon refers to human behavior as if it were **paths** and **tracks** that people walk on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “behavior is crooked … in their behavior”
2012:15lsl5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorעִקְּשִׁ֑ים & וּ֝⁠נְלוֹזִ֗ים1Here, Solomon uses the phrases **are crooked** and **go astray** to refer to being deceptive. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are deceptive and who are deceptive”
2022:16p5k9rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goalלְ֭⁠הַצִּ֣ילְ⁠ךָ1Here, **to** indicates that what follows is another purpose for “discretion” and “understanding” guarding a person, as stated in the [2:11](../02/11.md). Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a purpose. If you divided up the long sentence in [2:11–17](../02/11.md) into shorter sentences, then here you will need to repeat some information from [2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “Discretion and understanding will guard you for the additional purpose of rescuing you”
2032:16wotdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorמֵ⁠אִשָּׁ֣ה זָרָ֑ה מִ֝⁠נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה1Here, Solomon refers to an immoral and adulterous **woman** as if she were a stranger or foreigner. God considers such a **woman** to be **strange** or **foreign** because her sinful acts have caused her to be alienated from God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.
2042:16dtawrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnounמֵ⁠אִשָּׁ֣ה זָרָ֑ה מִ֝⁠נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה1Solomon is speaking of any women who do these things, not of one particular **woman**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “from any strange woman, from any foreign woman”
2052:16yvpbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisמִ֝⁠נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה1Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and to rescue you from a foreign woman”
2062:16zrdjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאֲמָרֶ֥י⁠הָ הֶחֱלִֽיקָה1Here, Solomon speaks of this woman speaking seductively as if she were making what she says **smooth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who makes her sayings seductive”
2072:17c2iurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitאַלּ֣וּף1Here, **companion** refers to the husband of the adulterous woman mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the husband of”
2082:17on5orc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionאַלּ֣וּף נְעוּרֶ֑י⁠הָ1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the companion** whom this woman married while she was in **her youth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the companion whom she married in her youth”
2092:17omt2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsנְעוּרֶ֑י⁠הָ1If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **youth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the time when she was young”
2102:17awb4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionבְּרִ֖ית אֱלֹהֶ֣י⁠הָ1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the covenant** that this woman made with **her God.** If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the covenant that she made with her God”
2112:17yeitrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitבְּרִ֖ית1Here, **covenant** refers specifically to the **covenant** that that man and woman made with each other and God when they married. This **covenant** included promising not to commit adultery. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the covenant that she made with her God when she married her husband”
2122:18i084rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultכִּ֤י1**For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why “discretion” and “understanding” rescue a man from an adulterous woman, as stated in [2:16](../02/16.md). Use the most natural way in your language to state a reason. Alternate translation: “Discretion and understanding will rescue you from her because”
2132:18v1udrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismשָׁ֣חָה אֶל־מָ֣וֶת בֵּיתָ֑⁠הּ וְ⁠אֶל־רְ֝פָאִ֗ים מַעְגְּלֹתֶֽי⁠הָ1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “her house sinks down to death, yes, her tracks to the spirits of the dead”
2142:18dn9drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyבֵּיתָ֑⁠הּ1Here, **house** could refer to: (1) going to the adulterous woman’s **house**. Alternate translation: “going to her house” (2) the adulterous activity that takes place in her house. Alternate translation: “what she does in her house”
2152:18hbh4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorשָׁ֣חָה אֶל־מָ֣וֶת1Here, Solomon speaks of a man doing something that would result in his death as if he were going on a path or to a **house** that **sinks down**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “results in a man dying” or “causes a man to die”
2162:18rkj1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisוְ⁠אֶל־רְ֝פָאִ֗ים מַעְגְּלֹתֶֽי⁠הָ1Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “and her tracks sink down to the spirits of the dead” or “and her tracks lead to the spirits of the dead”
2172:18g44zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorמַעְגְּלֹתֶֽי⁠הָ1Here, **tracks** could refer to: (1) the path that leads to the adulterous woman. Alternate translation: “the path that leads to her” (2) how she behaves, which is how **tracks** is used in [2:15](../02/15.md). Alternate translation: “her behavior”
2182:18hwl4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyרְ֝פָאִ֗ים1Here, **the spirits of dead ones** refers to the place where people’s spirits go when they die, which was called “Sheol” in [1:12](../01/12.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the place where the spirits of dead people dwell” or “the place of the dead”
2192:19n7tgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismבָּ֭אֶי⁠הָ1Here, **enter** refers to someone having sexual relations with another person. This is a polite way of referring to something that is offensive or embarrassing in some cultures. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different polite way of referring to this act or you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “those who have sexual relations with her” or “those who sleep with her”
2202:19wzqjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorלֹ֣א יְשׁוּב֑וּ⁠ן1Here, **return** could refer to: (1) those people coming back to life, as suggested by the references to death in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “will not become alive again” (2) those people returning to a joyful or prosperous life. Alternate translation: “will not return to living well”
2212:19zg4rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠לֹֽא־יַ֝שִּׂ֗יגוּ אָרְח֥וֹת חַיִּֽים1This could mean: (1) those people will not be able to come back to life, as suggested by the references to death in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “and they will not return to the land of the living” (2) those people will not be able to enjoy a good life again. Alternate translation: “and they will never live a happy life again”
2222:20ts71rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultלְמַ֗עַן1**So** here indicates that what follows is the result of what was stated in [2:11–19](../02/11.md) being true. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “Because this is true”
2232:20kzaxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismתֵּ֭לֵךְ בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ טוֹבִ֑ים וְ⁠אָרְח֖וֹת צַדִּיקִ֣ים תִּשְׁמֹֽר1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “you shall walk in the way of the good ones, yes, the paths of the righteous ones you shall keep”
2242:20hp7drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarativeתֵּ֭לֵךְ בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ טוֹבִ֑ים וְ⁠אָרְח֖וֹת צַדִּיקִ֣ים תִּשְׁמֹֽר1Solomon is using a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “walk in the way of the good ones and keep the paths of the righteous ones”
2252:20fiw6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorתֵּ֭לֵךְ בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ & וְ⁠אָרְח֖וֹת & תִּשְׁמֹֽר1The phrases **walk in the way of** and **keep the paths of** both refer to how people behave or live their lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you shall behave like … and you shall behave like”
2262:21wou9rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultכִּֽי1**For** here indicates that what follows in [2:21–22](../02/21.md) is the conclusion to what was stated in [2:11–20](../02/11.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. See how you translated a similar use of **For** in [1:32](../01/32.md). Alternate translation: “In conclusion,”
2272:21uy6erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismיְשָׁרִ֥ים יִשְׁכְּנוּ אָ֑רֶץ וּ֝⁠תְמִימִ֗ים יִוָּ֥תְרוּ בָֽ⁠הּ1These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “the upright ones will dwell in the land, yes, the blameless ones will remain in it”
2282:21bqn1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitיִשְׁכְּנוּ אָ֑רֶץ & יִוָּ֥תְרוּ בָֽ⁠הּ1Here, **the land** and **it** could refer to: (1) the **land** of Israel, which God had given to the Jewish people and which Solomon was ruling over when he wrote these proverbs. Alternate translation: “will dwell in the land of Israel … will remain in Israel” or “will dwell in our land … will remain in our land” (2) the earth in general, in which case this would refer to staying alive. Alternate translation: “will dwell on the earth … will remain alive on the earth”
2292:22nyodrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrastוּ֭⁠רְשָׁעִים1Here, **but** indicates a strong contrast between the **wicked** and **treacherous** people and the “upright” and “blameless” people, who were mentioned in the previous verse. See how you translated a similar strong contrast in [1:33](../01/33.md).
2302:22mnw9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveיִכָּרֵ֑תוּ &יִסְּח֥וּ1If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The context indicates that God will do the action. Alternate translation: “God will cut off … God will tear away”
2312:22r5smrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorיִכָּרֵ֑תוּ & יִסְּח֥וּ1Solomon speaks of Yahweh removing people from **the land** as if he were cutting those people off, like a person cuts a branch from a tree, or as if he were tearing those people away, like a person violently pulls someone off of something. Solomon does not state if these people are removed by being killed or by being forced to leave **the land**, so it is best to use general expressions for these phrases. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be removed … will be taken away”
2322:22w94mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitמֵ⁠אֶ֣רֶץ & מִמֶּֽ⁠נָּה1See how you translated **the land** and **it** in the previous verse.
2333:introa94e0# Proverbs 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Personification\n\nIn [3:15–18](../03/15.md), wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent an abstract concept like wisdom, the translator should translate the personification directly. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2343:1tjcgבְּ֭נִ⁠י1From [2:1](../02/01.md) to [7:27](../07/27.md), Solomon addresses his **son** directly, as he had previously in [1:8–19](../01/08.md). [3:1](../03/01.md) continues these direct instructions.
2353:1p6r4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismתּוֹרָתִ֣⁠י אַל־תִּשְׁכָּ֑ח וּ֝⁠מִצְוֺתַ֗⁠י יִצֹּ֥ר לִבֶּֽ⁠ךָ1These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “do not forget my law, yes, my commandments let your heart guard”
2363:1jvymrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesאַל־תִּשְׁכָּ֑ח1Here, Solomon uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning positively, as in the UST.
2373:1ji5prc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenounsתּוֹרָתִ֣⁠י1Here, the word **law** is singular in form, but it refers to several laws as a group. See how you translated this use of **law** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
2383:1f5cvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsוּ֝⁠מִצְוֺתַ֗⁠י1See how you translated the abstract noun **commandments** in [2:1](../02/01.md).
2393:1n273rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyיִצֹּ֥ר לִבֶּֽ⁠ךָ1See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
2403:1g7i5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationיִצֹּ֥ר לִבֶּֽ⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon speaks of a person’s **heart** as if it were a person who could **guard** something, and he speaks of **commandments** as if they were things that could be guarded. He means that he wants his son to remember these **commandments** in order to obey them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “remember to obey”
2413:2e1jxrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultכִּ֤י1**For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Remember my commandments because”\n
2423:2yp9hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructureאֹ֣רֶךְ יָ֭מִים וּ⁠שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּ֑ים וְ֝⁠שָׁל֗וֹם יוֹסִ֥יפוּ לָֽ⁠ךְ1If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “they will add to you length of days and years of life and peace”
2433:2fmbirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomאֹ֣רֶךְ יָ֭מִים1Here, **length of days** is an idiom that means “a long life.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a long life”
2443:2r3iarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomוּ⁠שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּ֑ים1Here, **years of life** is an idiom that means “a long and fulfilling life.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and a fulfilling life” or “and years of fulfilling life”
2453:2jl5crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsוְ֝⁠שָׁל֗וֹם1If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **peace**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and a peaceful life”
2463:2f1utrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsיוֹסִ֥יפוּ1Here, the pronoun **they** refers to the law and commandments mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “my law and commandments will add”
2473:2rplurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorיוֹסִ֥יפוּ לָֽ⁠ךְ1Here, Solomon speaks of his commandments as if they could **add** **length** to a person’s life. He means that obeying his commandments will enable a person to life a long life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “obeying them will add to you” or “by obeying them you will add to yourself”
2483:3s6k5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismחֶ֥סֶד וֶ⁠אֱמֶ֗ת אַֽל־יַעַ֫זְבֻ֥⁠ךָ קָשְׁרֵ֥⁠ם עַל־גַּרְגְּרוֹתֶ֑י⁠ךָ כָּ֝תְבֵ֗⁠ם עַל־ל֥וּחַ לִבֶּֽ⁠ךָ1These three clauses mean basically the same thing. The second and third clauses emphasize the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a word that shows the connection between these three clauses. Alternate translation: “Do not let covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness leave you, yes, bind them on your throats, indeed, write them on the tablet of your heart”
2493:3w5inrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationחֶ֥סֶד וֶ⁠אֱמֶ֗ת אַֽל־יַעַ֫זְבֻ֥⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon speaks of **covenant faithfulness** and **trustworthiness** as if they were people who could **leave** someone. He means that a person should not stop being faithful and trustworthy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not stop being faithful and trustworthy”
2503:3jx0frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesחֶ֥סֶד וֶ⁠אֱמֶ֗ת אַֽל־יַעַ֫זְבֻ֥⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “Retain covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness”
2513:3v4wtrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsחֶ֥סֶד וֶ⁠אֱמֶ֗ת1If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **covenant faithfulness** and **trustworthiness**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “being faithful and trustworthy”
2523:3xj6jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorקָשְׁרֵ֥⁠ם עַל־גַּרְגְּרוֹתֶ֑י⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon speaks of **covenant faithfulness** and **trustworthiness** as if they were objects that someone could **tie** around his **neck** like a necklace. He means that these are valuable qualities that people should display outwardly by their behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “show them outwardly by how you behave” or “display them like one would wear a necklace”
2533:3i4ptrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyכָּ֝תְבֵ֗⁠ם עַל־ל֥וּחַ לִבֶּֽ⁠ךָ1See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
2543:3i8u6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorכָּ֝תְבֵ֗⁠ם עַל־ל֥וּחַ לִבֶּֽ⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon speaks of the **heart** as if it were a **tablet** upon which someone could **write** **covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness**. He means that people should always remember to behave with **covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “keep these things in your mind” or “always remember them, as if you had written them permanently on a tablet”
2553:4xajlrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultוּ⁠מְצָא־חֵ֖ן1Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the commands stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do these things, then you will find favor” or “This will result in you finding favor”
2563:4uwqyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוּ⁠מְצָא־חֵ֖ן וְ⁠שֵֽׂכֶל־ט֑וֹב1Here, Solomon speaks of **favor and good insight** as if they were objects that a person could find. He means that **God and man** will show **favor** and **good insight** to the person who does what Solomon commanded in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you will experience favor and good insight”
2573:4g3fyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorבְּ⁠עֵינֵ֖י1Here, **eyes** refers to seeing, and seeing is a metaphor for knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the judgment of”
2583:4i2kerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnounוְ⁠אָדָֽם1Solomon is speaking of people in general, not of one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “and others”
2593:5w345rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyלִבֶּ֑⁠ךָ1See how you translated **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
2603:5m1v4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠אֶל־בִּֽ֝ינָתְ⁠ךָ֗ אַל־תִּשָּׁעֵֽן1Here, Solomon speaks of relying on one’s own **understanding** as if **understanding** were an object that a person could **lean on**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not rely on your own understanding”
2613:5xos0rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsבִּֽ֝ינָתְ⁠ךָ֗1See how you translated the abstract noun **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
2623:6c7brrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorבְּ⁠כָל־דְּרָכֶ֥י⁠ךָ & אֹֽרְחֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon speaks of a person’s actions as if they were **ways** or **paths** on which that person walks. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in all that you do … what you do”
2633:6ftuhrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultוְ֝⁠ה֗וּא יְיַשֵּׁ֥ר1Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the commands stated in the previous verse and the beginning of this verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do these things, then he himself will straighten” or “This will result in he himself straightening”
2643:6vunkrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsוְ֝⁠ה֗וּא יְיַשֵּׁ֥ר1For emphasis, Solomon is stating the pronoun **himself**, whose meaning is already stated as **he**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **himself**. Alternate translation: “he indeed will straighten”
2653:6m1v6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ֝⁠ה֗וּא יְיַשֵּׁ֥ר אֹֽרְחֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon speaks of Yahweh showing people what they should do as if Yahweh were removing obstacles and smoothing out **paths** that people walk on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he himself will make clear to you what you should do” or “and he himself will guide your actions”
2663:7y6isrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorבְּ⁠עֵינֶ֑י⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon speaks of a person’s opinion as if that person were seeing something with his **eyes**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in your own opinion”
2673:7dgv0rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrastיְרָ֥א אֶת־יְ֝הוָ֗ה וְ⁠ס֣וּר מֵ⁠רָֽע1This clause is a strong contrast with the previous clause. While the previous clause said what a person should not do, this clause says what that person should do instead. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Rather, fear Yahweh and turn from evil”\n
2683:7au5src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠ס֣וּר מֵ⁠רָֽע1Here, Solomon speaks of refusing to do **evil** actions as if are person were turning away **from evil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and do not commit evil”
2693:7fwf0rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsמֵ⁠רָֽע1See how you translated the abstract noun **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
2703:8yl6zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismרִ֭פְאוּת תְּהִ֣י לְ⁠שָׁרֶּ֑⁠ךָ וְ֝⁠שִׁקּ֗וּי לְ⁠עַצְמוֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “It will be healing for your navel, yes, refreshment for your bones”
2713:8du95rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsתְּהִ֣י1The pronoun **It** here refers to following the commands that Solomon stated in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Obeying these commands will be”
2723:8dtw6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheלְ⁠שָׁרֶּ֑⁠ךָ & לְ⁠עַצְמוֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ1Solomon is using parts of a person, the **navel** and **bones**, to represent a person’s whole body. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for your body … for your whole body”
2733:8tca5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisוְ֝⁠שִׁקּ֗וּי לְ⁠עַצְמוֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ1Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and it will be refreshment for your bones”
2743:8ghf9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsוְ֝⁠שִׁקּ֗וּי לְ⁠עַצְמוֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ1If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **refreshment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and will cause your bones to be refreshed”
2753:9j8aurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisמֵ⁠הוֹנֶ֑⁠ךָ וּ֝⁠מֵ⁠רֵאשִׁ֗ית כָּל־תְּבוּאָתֶֽ⁠ךָ1Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “by giving from your wealth and by giving from the first of all your produce”
2763:9thp2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitוּ֝⁠מֵ⁠רֵאשִׁ֗ית1Here, **first** refers to the **first** crops that were harvested at harvest time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and from the first crops harvested of”
2773:10z9amrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultוְ⁠יִמָּלְא֣וּ אֲסָמֶ֣י⁠ךָ שָׂבָ֑ע1Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the command stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do these things, then your storehouses will be full with plenty” or “This will result in your storehouses being full with plenty”
2783:10y7dbrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknownאֲסָמֶ֣י⁠ךָ1The word **storehouses** refers to buildings or rooms where harvested crops are stored. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of storage place, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “your place for storing harvested crops”
2793:10b6gnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitשָׂבָ֑ע1Here, **plenty** refers to a plentiful amount of harvested crops. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a plentiful amount of harvested crops”
2803:10vtx6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknownוְ֝⁠תִיר֗וֹשׁ יְקָבֶ֥י⁠ךָ יִפְרֹֽצוּ1The word **vats** refers to large containers in which the juice of grapes called **new wine** was processed into **wine**. If a very large amount of **new wine** was put in the **vat**, it could flow over the top of the **vat**. If your readers would not be familiar with **wine** or the way it is produced, you could refer to something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “and your storage containers will become so extremely full that they break open”
2813:11f4sxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsמוּסַ֣ר & בְּ⁠תוֹכַחְתּֽ⁠וֹ1If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **correction** and **rebuke**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “Being corrected by … being rebuked by him”
2823:12vqzbrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultכִּ֤י1**For** here introduces the reason for obeying the commands stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate reasons. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Do not do these things because”
2833:12qsnorc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisוּ֝⁠כְ⁠אָ֗ב אֶת־בֵּ֥ן יִרְצֶֽה1Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and like a father he rebukes a son he is pleased with”
2843:12gpk5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitאֶת־בֵּ֥ן יִרְצֶֽה1The phrase **he is pleased with** refers to the father’s affection for his **son**. It does not mean that the father approves of his son’s behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a son who is dear to him”
2853:13cg8zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisאַשְׁרֵ֣י אָ֭דָם מָצָ֣א חָכְמָ֑ה וְ֝⁠אָדָ֗ם יָפִ֥יק תְּבוּנָֽה1Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Happy is a man who finds wisdom and happy is a man who obtains understanding”
2863:13cckcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismאַשְׁרֵ֣י אָ֭דָם מָצָ֣א חָכְמָ֑ה וְ֝⁠אָדָ֗ם יָפִ֥יק תְּבוּנָֽה1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Happy is a man who finds wisdom, yes, happy is a man who obtains understanding”
2873:13g5fmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnounאָ֭דָם & וְ֝⁠אָדָ֗ם1In this verse, **a man** represents a person in general, not one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “is a person … and a person”
2883:13d1nqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorמָצָ֣א חָכְמָ֑ה1Here, Solomon speaks of attaining **wisdom** as if it were an object that a person **finds**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who attains wisdom”
2893:13gdvgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsחָכְמָ֑ה & תְּבוּנָֽה1See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
2903:14xyy7rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultכִּ֤י1**For** here indicates that what follows is the reason what was stated in the previous verse is true. Use the most natural way in your language to state a reason. Alternate translation: “This is due to the fact that”
2913:14jir1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisוּ֝⁠מֵ⁠חָר֗וּץ תְּבוּאָתָֽ⁠הּ1Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and than the produce of gold better is its produce”
2923:14rccirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismט֣וֹב סַ֭חְרָ⁠הּ מִ⁠סְּחַר־כָּ֑סֶף וּ֝⁠מֵ⁠חָר֗וּץ תְּבוּאָתָֽ⁠הּ1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “better {is} its profit than the profit of silver, yes, better than the produce of gold is its produce”
2933:14eetjrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsסַ֭חְרָ⁠הּ & תְּבוּאָתָֽ⁠הּ1In this verse, **its** refers to wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is wisdom’s profit … wisdom’s produce”
2943:14jkcmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorסַ֭חְרָ⁠הּ מִ⁠סְּחַר־כָּ֑סֶף1Although the word **profit** usually refers to money that someone earns, Solomon uses it here to refer to a benefit in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is its benefit than the benefit of silver”
2953:14gy74rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionמִ⁠סְּחַר־כָּ֑סֶף1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the monetary **profit** that one gains by selling or investing **silver**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “then the profit one can make from selling silver”
2963:14ssa3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוּ֝⁠מֵ⁠חָר֗וּץ תְּבוּאָתָֽ⁠הּ1Although the word **produce** usually refers to harvested crops, Solomon uses it here to refer to a benefit in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and than gold its benefit”
2973:15y2ylrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationהִ֭יא & בָֽ⁠הּ1In [3:15–18](../03/15.md) Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “It … with it”
2983:15vxz8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknownיְקָ֣רָה & מִפְּנִינִ֑ים1The word translated **corals** could also refer to precious stones called “rubies.” Either word refers to an item that is extremely valuable. If your readers would not be familiar with **corals** or rubies, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “is more precious than valuable stones” or “is more precious than something extremely valuable”
2993:16k6irrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomאֹ֣רֶךְ יָ֭מִים1See how you translated this idiom in [3:2](../03/02.md).
3003:16e88drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationבִּֽ⁠ימִינָ֑⁠הּ בִּ֝⁠שְׂמֹאולָ֗⁠הּ1In this verse, **her** refers to wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is in wisdom’s right hand, in wisdom’s left hand”
3013:16p6g3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorבִּֽ⁠ימִינָ֑⁠הּ בִּ֝⁠שְׂמֹאולָ֗⁠הּ עֹ֣שֶׁר1Here, Solomon speaks of wise people receiving **length of days**, **riches**, and **honor** as if they were objects received from the **right** and **left** hands of wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is received by those who have wisdom, those who have wisdom receive riches”
3023:16yu0rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsוְ⁠כָבֽוֹד1If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **honor**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and being honored”
3033:17dpuorc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationדְּרָכֶ֥י⁠הָ & נְתִ֖יבוֹתֶ֣י⁠הָ1**Her** and **her** here refer to wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Wisdom’s ways … wisdom’s beaten paths”
3043:17t64orc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismדְּרָכֶ֥י⁠הָ דַרְכֵי־נֹ֑עַם וְֽ⁠כָל־נְתִ֖יבוֹתֶ֣י⁠הָ שָׁלֽוֹם1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Her ways are ways of pleasantness, yes, all her beaten paths are peace”
3053:17a7ixrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorדְּרָכֶ֥י⁠הָ דַרְכֵי & נְתִ֖יבוֹתֶ֣י⁠הָ שָׁלֽוֹם1In this verse, **ways** and **beaten paths** refer to how being wise guides a person’s behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Wise behavior is behavior of … wise behavior brings peace”
3063:17l02trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionדַרְכֵי־נֹ֑עַם1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **ways** that result in **pleasantness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “are ways that lead to pleasantness”
3073:17u5durc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsשָׁלֽוֹם1If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **peace**, you could express the same idea in another way. The context indicates that **peace** is result of following the **beaten paths**. Alternate translation: “lead to being peaceful” or “result in living peacefully”
3083:18ac5prc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsהִ֭יא & בָּ֑⁠הּ וְֽ⁠תֹמְכֶ֥י⁠הָ1**She** and **her** here refer to wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Wisdom … of wisdom, and those who grasp wisdom”
3093:18l7hnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionעֵץ־חַיִּ֣ים1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **tree** with fruit that sustains **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is a tree that gives life” or “is a tree with fruit that sustains life”
3103:18le9qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorעֵץ־חַיִּ֣ים & לַ⁠מַּחֲזִיקִ֣ים בָּ֑⁠הּ1Here, Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a **tree** that gives **life** to those who eat its fruit. He means that wisdom causes a person to live and long and happy life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “results in a good life for the ones who take hold of her” or “is like a tree that sustains the life the ones who take hold of her”
3113:18ka8xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorלַ⁠מַּחֲזִיקִ֣ים בָּ֑⁠הּ וְֽ⁠תֹמְכֶ֥י⁠הָ1Here, Solomon refers to people who persist in being wise as if they **take hold of** or **grasp** wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the ones who retain wisdom, and those who remain wise”
3123:19c1nfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorיָֽסַד־אָ֑רֶץ1Here, Solomon speaks of **Yahweh** creating **the earth** as if he were laying the foundation of a building. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh created the earth”
3133:19rkhrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsבְּ⁠חָכְמָ֥ה & בִּ⁠תְבוּנָֽה1See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **understanding** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
3143:20ulw3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitתְּהוֹמ֣וֹת1Here, **depths** refers to bodies of water that were deep under the earth’s surface. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the underground bodies of water”
3153:20aov5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitנִבְקָ֑עוּ1Here, **broke open** could refer to: (1) the water from **the depths** bursting out from under the ground to form rivers, which best fits the discussion of creation in [3:19–20](../03/19.md). Alternate translation: “burst forth water that formed rivers” (2) the water from **the depths** bursting out during the global flood of Noah’s time, as described in [7:11](../07/11.md). Alternate translation: “burst forth flood water”
3163:21t2j4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructureאַל־יָלֻ֣זוּ מֵ⁠עֵינֶ֑י⁠ךָ נְצֹ֥ר תֻּ֝שִׁיָּ֗ה וּ⁠מְזִמָּֽה1If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “guard prudence and discretion, do not let them depart from your eyes”
3173:21xa9frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאַל־יָלֻ֣זוּ מֵ⁠עֵינֶ֑י⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon speaks of not forgetting something as if someone were always able to see that thing with his **eyes**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not forget them”
3183:21p05rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorנְצֹ֥ר1Here, Solomon speaks of **prudence** and **discretion** as they were things that could be guarded. He means that he wants his son to remember these qualities in order to practice them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “remember to practice”
3193:21g4b2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsתֻּ֝שִׁיָּ֗ה וּ⁠מְזִמָּֽה1See how you translated the abstract nouns **prudence** and **discretion** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
3203:22c7zarc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultוְ⁠יִֽהְי֣וּ1**And** here introduces the result of obeying the commands stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. Alternate translation: “If you do this, then they will be” or “This will result in them being”
3213:22v7jnrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsוְ⁠יִֽהְי֣וּ1Here, **they** refers to “prudence” and “discretion” mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “And prudence and discretion will be”
3223:22mr5lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheלְ⁠נַפְשֶׁ֑⁠ךָ1See how you translated the same use of **spirit** in [2:10](../02/10.md).
3233:22aqnlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomוְ⁠יִֽהְי֣וּ חַיִּ֣ים לְ⁠נַפְשֶׁ֑⁠ךָ1This phrase is an idiom that refers to having a long life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And they will cause your life to be long”
3243:22c3abrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוְ֝⁠חֵ֗ן לְ⁠גַרְגְּרֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ1Here, **grace** refers to something that looks graceful or attractive to others. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and graceful ornaments for your neck”
3253:22x4q3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ֝⁠חֵ֗ן לְ⁠גַרְגְּרֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon speaks of “prudence” and “discretion” as if they were objects that a person could tie around the **neck** like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use similes. See how you translated a similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “and a gracious display like a necklace around your neck”
3263:23lr2grc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultאָ֤ז תֵּלֵ֣ךְ1**Then** here introduces more results of obeying the commands stated in [3:21](../03/21.md). Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. Alternate translation: “Having prudence and discretion will also result in you walking”
3273:23k64jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorתֵּלֵ֣ךְ לָ⁠בֶ֣טַח דַּרְכֶּ֑⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon speaks of living one’s life as if one were walking along a **way**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will live your life in security”
3283:23hbrfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsלָ⁠בֶ֣טַח1If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **security**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “securely”
3293:23uxkarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheוְ֝⁠רַגְלְ⁠ךָ֗1Here, the word “foot” represents the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you”
3303:23d5hdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ֝⁠רַגְלְ⁠ךָ֗ לֹ֣א תִגּֽוֹף1Here, **not stumble** could refer to: (1) a person not experiencing harm, which is similar to the idea in the previous clause. Alternate translation: “and your foot will not be harmed” (2) not sinning, which **stumble** is a common metaphor for in other scripture. Alternate translation: “and you will not sin”
3313:24f69hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitתִּשְׁכַּ֥ב & וְ֝⁠שָׁכַבְתָּ֗1In this verse, **lie down** implies lying down in order to sleep. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in the UST.
3323:25dxf0rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsמִ⁠פַּ֣חַד פִּתְאֹ֑ם וּ⁠מִ⁠שֹּׁאַ֥ת1If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **dread** and **devastation**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “of dreadful things that happen suddenly and of what devastates”
3333:25ds94rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionוּ⁠מִ⁠שֹּׁאַ֥ת רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the devastation** that is experienced by **the wicked ones**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and of the wicked ones being devastated”
3343:25ri9qrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsתָבֹֽא1Here, **it** refers to **the devastation** mentioned earlier in the verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “that devastation comes”
3353:26zyovrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultכִּֽי1**For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the command in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid of these things because”
3363:26aw88rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyבְ⁠כִסְלֶ֑⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon uses **confidence** to refer to the source of a person’s **confidence**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your source of confidence”
3373:26gtf1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsבְ⁠כִסְלֶ֑⁠ךָ1If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **confidence**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “who makes you confident”
3383:26z3yerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠שָׁמַ֖ר רַגְלְ⁠ךָ֣ מִ⁠לָּֽכֶד1Here, “foot” represents the whole person. See how you translated the similar use of **foot** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
3393:26jc7frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠שָׁמַ֖ר רַגְלְ⁠ךָ֣ מִ⁠לָּֽכֶד1Here, Solomon refers to someone experiencing “sudden dread” or “devastation” as if the person were captured in a trap. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he will keep you from sudden dread or devastation” or “and he will keep you from harm”
3403:27yl8arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsט֥וֹב1If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **good**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “something that is good”
3413:27yag5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorמִ⁠בְּעָלָ֑י⁠ו1Here, Solomon speaks of the **good** that people deserve as if they were **its owners**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from those to whom it is due”
3423:27sqz5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomבִּ⁠הְי֨וֹת לְ⁠אֵ֖ל יָדְךָ֣1Here, Solomon speaks of being able to do something as if doing something was **in the power of** one’s **hand**. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when you have the ability”
3433:28taqgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitאַל־תֹּ֘אמַ֤ר לְרֵֽעֲךָ֨1Solomon implies that the **neighbor** needs something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “When your neighbor needs something, do not say to your neighbor”
3443:28r0ktrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitאֶתֵּ֗ן וְ⁠יֵ֣שׁ1In this verse, **it** refers to the thing that the **neighbor** needs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I will give you what you need, yet that thing is”
3453:28e1qgrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneousוְ⁠יֵ֣שׁ1Here, **and** indicates that what follows is true at the same time as the speaker is speaking in the previous clause. This means that the person speaking refuses to give something to someone even though he has it with him. You can make this clear in your translation with an appropriate connecting word or phrase. Alternate translation: “when it is”
3463:29zok6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitאַל־תַּחֲרֹ֣שׁ & רָעָ֑ה1Here, **plot evil** implies someone plotting to do **evil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Do not scheme to do evil”
3473:29rdizrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsרָעָ֑ה1See how you translated the abstract noun **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
3483:29yfoarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitלָ⁠בֶ֣טַח1Here, **securely** implies that this person trusts **you** and does not expect to be harmed by **you**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “trustfully”
3493:29ahebrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitאִתָּֽ⁠ךְ1Here, **with you** refers to being near someone. It does not mean these people dwell in the same house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “near you”
3503:30h9r7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnounאָדָ֣ם & לֹ֖א גְמָלְ⁠ךָ֣1Here, **man** and **he** represent a person in general, not one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “a person … that person has not done you”
3513:30ohzirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructureחִנָּ֑ם אִם־לֹ֖א גְמָלְ⁠ךָ֣ רָעָֽה1This clause gives the reason why such contending would be **without cause**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use change the sentence structure to show this explicitly. Alternate translation: “who has not done you evil. There is no reason to argue.”
3523:30ykrqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsרָעָֽה1See how you translated the abstract noun **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
3533:31p0vmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionבְּ⁠אִ֣ישׁ חָמָ֑ס1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who is characterized by **violence**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “of a violent man”
3543:31bqusrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnounבְּ⁠אִ֣ישׁ1Here, **man** represents a person in general, not one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “of a person of”
3553:31pae7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorדְּרָכָֽי⁠ו1Here, Solomon uses **ways** to refer to the behavior of **a man of violence**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the things he does”
3563:31k7bcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitוְ⁠אַל־תִּ֝בְחַ֗ר בְּ⁠כָל־דְּרָכָֽי⁠ו1Solomon assumes that his readers will understand that this command refers to choosing not to do something. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and do not choose to do anything he does”
3573:32pi68rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultכִּ֤י1**For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the command in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do not do these things because”
3583:32eu7krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsתוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְהוָ֣ה1If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **abomination**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “is an abominable person to Yahweh”
3593:32n8edrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorנָל֑וֹז1Here, Solomon refers to someone who refuses to act righteously and deliberately does what is wicked as if that person **goes astray** from a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he who acts wickedly”
3603:32uy1erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְֽ⁠אֶת־יְשָׁרִ֥ים סוֹדֽ⁠וֹ1Here, Solomon speaks of Yahweh giving **secret counsel** to people as if it were an object that could be **with** those people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but to the upright ones he gives his secret counsel”
3613:32bu8src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitסוֹדֽ⁠וֹ1The phrase **secret counsel** refers to confidential conversation between friends. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “his confidential conversation”
3623:33h6nsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionמְאֵרַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **curse** that comes from **Yahweh**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The curse from Yahweh”
3633:33bsfgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorבְּ⁠בֵ֣ית1Solomon speaks of the **curse of Yahweh** as if it were an object that he placed **on** top of the wicked person’s **house**. He means that Yahweh curses that **house**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is against the house of”
3643:33q866rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyבְּ⁠בֵ֣ית & וּ⁠נְוֵ֖ה & יְבָרֵֽךְ1Here, the words **house** and **abode** represent the families who live in those houses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is on the households of … but he blesses the households of”
3653:34bb7krc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsהֽוּא־יָלִ֑יץ1For emphasis, Solomon is stating the pronoun **himself**, whose meaning is already stated as **he**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **himself**. Alternate translation: “he indeed mocks”
3663:34kb65rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorיִתֶּן־חֵֽן1The writer speaks of Yahweh favoring people as if his **favor** were an object that he gives to people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he acts favorably” or “he is gracious”
3673:35y7vzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorיִנְחָ֑לוּ1Here, Solomon speaks of wise people receiving **honor** as if **honor** were property or wealth that they could **inherit** from a family member. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Wise ones will receive honor”
3683:35ly3irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorכָּ֭בוֹד & קָלֽוֹן1If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **honor** and **dishonor**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **honor** in [3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “what is honorable … what is dishonorable”
3693:35b6jxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorמֵרִ֥ים1Here, Solomon speaks of **stupid** people receiving **dishonor** as if their **dishonor** was lifted up for everyone to see. If it would be helpful in your language, you cold express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will receive”
3704:introz4ah0# Proverbs 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Personification\n\nIn [4:6–9](../04/06.md), wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent an abstract concept like wisdom, the translator should translate the personification directly. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])\n
3714:1ik8vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomשִׁמְע֣וּ1See how you translated **Hear** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
3724:1hqv1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitבָ֭נִים1Throughout chapters 1–9, Solomon alternates between using the plural **sons** and singular “son.” Many scholars think that Solomon does this in order to indicate that he is not only instructing one of his sons, but all of his readers as well. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you children”
3734:1rao5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsמ֣וּסַר & בִּינָֽה1See how you translated the abstract nouns **instruction** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
3744:1zck6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personאָ֑ב1Here, Solomon is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “me, your father”
3754:2s4lmrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultכִּ֤י1**For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Hear these instructions because”\n
3764:2paf3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youלָ⁠כֶ֑ם1Here, **you** is plural and refers to the “sons” referred to in the previous verse.
3774:2emymrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultתּֽ֝וֹרָתִ֗⁠י אַֽל־תַּעֲזֹֽבוּ1This clause is the result of what came before in the previous clause. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a result of what came before. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “This is why you must not forsake my law”
3784:2szcmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesאַֽל־תַּעֲזֹֽבוּ1See how you translated this phrase in [1:8](../01/08.md).\n
3794:2bzrsrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenounsתּֽ֝וֹרָתִ֗⁠י1 See how you translated the collective noun **law** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
3804:3y999rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitכִּי־בֵ֭ן הָיִ֣יתִי לְ⁠אָבִ֑⁠י1**When** here indicates that what follows refers to the time when Solomon was a child and still lived under his father’s care. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “When I was still a boy learning from my father”
3814:3n5kerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadysרַ֥ךְ וְ֝⁠יָחִ֗יד1This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **tender** tells what the **only one** was like. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use **and**. Alternate translation: “the tender only one”\n
3824:3ev51rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitוְ֝⁠יָחִ֗יד1Here, **only one** could mean: (1) he was his mother’s only child. Alternate translation: “and only child” (2) he was a unique child of his mother. Alternate translation: “and unique one”
3834:3wjy8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorלִ⁠פְנֵ֥י אִמִּֽ⁠י1Here, Solomon speaks of his **mother** considering him to be **the tender and only one** as if he were **before** her **face**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “according to my mother” or “in my mother’s estimation”
3844:4yg9rrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsוַ⁠יֹּרֵ֗⁠נִי1Here, **he** refers to Solomon’s father. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in the UST.
3854:4b7y3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyלִבֶּ֑⁠ךָ1See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
3864:4w8farc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorיִֽתְמָךְ & לִבֶּ֑⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon speaks of remembering **words** as if the **heart** were holding on tightly to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Let your heart remember”
3874:4jcenrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyדְּבָרַ֥⁠י1See how you translated the similar use of **my words** in [1:23](../01/23.md).
3884:4kgqarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsמִצְוֺתַ֣⁠י1See how you translated the abstract noun **commandments** in [2:1](../02/01.md).
3894:4f7zkrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultוֶֽ⁠חְיֵֽה1Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the command stated in the previous phrase. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “and it will result in you living”\n
3904:5ft42rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsחָ֭כְמָה & בִינָ֑ה1See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
3914:5m9r6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesאַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח וְ⁠אַל־תֵּ֝֗ט מֵֽ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽ⁠י1Here, the phrases **do not forget** and **do not veer from** are figures of speech that express strongly positive meanings by using a negative word, **not**, together with expressions that are the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meanings. Alternate translation: “remember and keep going in the direction of the sayings of my mouth”
3924:5l92prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח וְ⁠אַל־תֵּ֝֗ט מֵֽ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽ⁠י1Here, Solomon speaks of not forgetting something as if a person were not veering off of a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not forget and do not stop remembering the sayings of my mouth”
3934:5fb3yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletאַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח וְ⁠אַל־תֵּ֝֗ט מֵֽ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽ⁠י1Here, the terms **forget** and **veer** mean similar things. Solomon is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “certainly do not forget the sayings of my mouth”
3944:5m3uvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheמֵֽ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽ⁠י1Here, **mouth** represents Solomon’s father himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from my sayings”\n
3954:6vrf5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesאַל־תַּעַזְבֶ֥⁠הָ1See how you translated **Do not forsake** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
3964:6xx1vrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultוְ⁠תִשְׁמְרֶ֑⁠ךָּ & וְ⁠תִצְּרֶֽ⁠ךָּ1Both occurrences of **and** in this verse indicate that what follows are the results of the phrases that precede them. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. Alternate translation: “and it will result in her preserving you … and it will result in her guarding you”\n
3974:6zc73rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationאַל־תַּעַזְבֶ֥⁠הָ וְ⁠תִשְׁמְרֶ֑⁠ךָּ אֱהָבֶ֥⁠הָ וְ⁠תִצְּרֶֽ⁠ךָּ1In [4:6–9](../04/06.md) Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “Do not forsake wisdom and wisdom will be like a woman who preserves you; love wisdom and wisdom will be like a woman who guards you”\n
3984:7zu2prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitרֵאשִׁ֣ית חָ֭כְמָה1Here, **beginning** could refer to: (1) the most important thing. Alternate translation: “the most important thing is wisdom” or “wisdom is supreme” (2) the foundation or basis of something, as it means in [1:7](../01/07.md). Alternate translation: “the foundation of wisdom” or “the prerequisite for acquiring wisdom”\n
3994:7guq5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsקְנֵ֣ה חָכְמָ֑ה & קְנֵ֣ה בִינָֽה1See how you translated these phrases in [4:5](../04/05.md).
4004:7qcf1rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenounsוּ⁠בְ⁠כָל־קִ֝נְיָנְ⁠ךָ֗1The word **acquisition** here is singular in form, but it refers to all of a person’s possessions as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “And with all your acquisitions” or “And with everything that you acquire”
4014:7b9iprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitוּ⁠בְ⁠כָל־קִ֝נְיָנְ⁠ךָ֗1Here, **all your acquisition** implies the price of everything that someone has acquired. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “And with the price of all your acquisition” or “And with the price of all you possess”
4024:8pa2irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationסַלְסְלֶ֥⁠הָ וּֽ⁠תְרוֹמְמֶ֑⁠ךָּ תְּ֝כַבֵּ֗דְ⁠ךָ כִּ֣י תְחַבְּקֶֽ⁠נָּה1In this verse, Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “Cherish wisdom and wisdom will be like a woman who raises you up; wisdom will be like a woman who honors you when you embrace her”
4034:8x13zrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultסַלְסְלֶ֥⁠הָ וּֽ⁠תְרוֹמְמֶ֑⁠ךָּ1Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the command stated in the previous phrase. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “If you cherish her, then she will raise you up” or “Cherish her and it will result in her raising you up”\n
4044:8k4flrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוּֽ⁠תְרוֹמְמֶ֑⁠ךָּ1Here, Solomon speaks of a wise person receiving honor as if wisdom were raising that person **up**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and she will cause you to be honored”
4054:8oyxzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitתְּ֝כַבֵּ֗דְ⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon implies that wisdom will cause people to **honor** the person who embraces **her**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “she will cause people to honor you”
4064:8o4nxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationתְחַבְּקֶֽ⁠נָּה1Here, Solomon speaks of someone valuing wisdom as if he were embracing a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you value wisdom”
4074:9bft9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismתִּתֵּ֣ן לְ֭⁠רֹאשְׁ⁠ךָ לִוְיַת־חֵ֑ן עֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת תְּמַגְּנֶֽ⁠ךָּ1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “She will give for your head a garland of grace; yes, with a crown of splendor she will cover you”
4084:9z38erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationתִּתֵּ֣ן לְ֭⁠רֹאשְׁ⁠ךָ לִוְיַת־חֵ֑ן עֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת תְּמַגְּנֶֽ⁠ךָּ1In this verse, Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “Wisdom will be like a woman who gives a garland of grace for your head; wisdom will be like a woman who covers you with a crown of splendor”
4094:9beu8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionלִוְיַת־חֵ֑ן1See how you translated this phrase in [1:9](../01/09.md).
4104:9z184rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorעֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת תְּמַגְּנֶֽ⁠ךָּ1Here, Solomon speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a **crown** upon that person’s head. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “wisdom will cause people to honor you” or “wisdom will be like someone who puts a crown of splendor on your head”
4114:9py0orc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionעֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **crown** that is characterized by **splendor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “with a splendorous crown”
4124:10p1f4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomשְׁמַ֣ע1See how you translated the same use of **Hear** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
4134:10ucq5rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultוְ⁠יִרְבּ֥וּ1Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the commands stated in the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do these things, then they will multiply” or “This will result in them multiplying”\n
4144:10l7bxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠יִרְבּ֥וּ לְ֝⁠ךָ֗ שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּֽים1Here, Solomon speaks of his **sayings** as if they were able to cause someone to live longer. He means that someone who obeys his **sayings** will live longer than if they did not do so. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and obey my sayings will multiply for you the years of life”
4154:10t094rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionשְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּֽים1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the **years** that a person lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the years that you are alive”
4164:11h1qlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionבְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ חָ֭כְמָה1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **way** that is characterized by **wisdom**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “in the wise way”
4174:11zzp9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorבְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ חָ֭כְמָה1Here, **the way** refers to how people behave or live their lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the wise behavior” or “how to behave wisely”\n
4184:11i8u1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionהִ֝דְרַכְתִּ֗י⁠ךָ בְּ⁠מַעְגְּלֵי־יֹֽשֶׁר1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **tracks** that are characterized by **uprightness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “I caused you to tread in the upright tracks”
4194:11m6c7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorהִ֝דְרַכְתִּ֗י⁠ךָ בְּ⁠מַעְגְּלֵי־יֹֽשֶׁר1Here, Solomon refers to how people behave or live their lives as if they **tread** **in tracks** on a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I caused you to behave uprightly”
4204:12xxp4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismבְּֽ֭⁠לֶכְתְּ⁠ךָ לֹא־יֵצַ֣ר צַעֲדֶ֑⁠ךָ וְ⁠אִם־תָּ֝ר֗וּץ לֹ֣א תִכָּשֵֽׁל1These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “When you walk, your step will not be restricted; yes, if you run, you will not stumble”
4214:12dnyjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorבְּֽ֭⁠לֶכְתְּ⁠ךָ לֹא־יֵצַ֣ר צַעֲדֶ֑⁠ךָ וְ⁠אִם־תָּ֝ר֗וּץ לֹ֣א תִכָּשֵֽׁל1In this verse, Solomon refers to what people do as if they were walking or running along paths, and he refers to their success in what they do as if the paths were free of obstacles that might make the person **stumble**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “When you do something, you will not be hindered; and if you attempt to do something, you will not fail”
4224:12e986rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesלֹא־יֵצַ֣ר & לֹ֣א תִכָּשֵֽׁל1Solomon is using a figure of speech in these two phrases that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “will be free … you will keep going”
4234:13d7gkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorהַחֲזֵ֣ק בַּ⁠מּוּסָ֣ר אַל־תֶּ֑רֶף1Here, Solomon speaks of a person remembering **instruction** as if it were an object that the person could **grasp** and **not let go** of. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated **grasp** in [3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Keep on remembering instruction, do not forget it”
4244:13o3nxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsבַּ⁠מּוּסָ֣ר1See how you translated the abstract noun **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
4254:13b1b6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesאַל־תֶּ֑רֶף1Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “keep holding on to it”
4264:13vymyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorנִ֝צְּרֶ֗⁠הָ1Here, Solomon speaks of **instruction** as if it were an object that someone should **guard**. He means that he wants his son to remember to do what he has taught him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar use of **guard** in [3:21](../03/21.md). Alternate translation: “remember to practice it”\n
4274:13ljf9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyהִ֥יא חַיֶּֽי⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon speaks of **instruction** preserving a person’s **life** as if it were that person’s **life** itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it will preserve your life”
4284:14hyi4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismבְּ⁠אֹ֣רַח רְ֭שָׁעִים אַל־תָּבֹ֑א וְ⁠אַל־תְּ֝אַשֵּׁ֗ר בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ רָעִֽים1These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “On the path of wicked ones do not go, yes, do not advance on the way of evil ones”
4294:14gi8lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorבְּ⁠אֹ֣רַח & בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ1See how you translated the similar use of “paths” and “ways” in [3:6](../03/06.md).
4304:15cr8drc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsפְּרָעֵ֥⁠הוּ & בּ֑⁠וֹ & מֵ⁠עָלָ֣י⁠ו1In this verse, the pronoun **it** refers to “the way of evil ones” mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Avoid the way of evil ones … that way … from that evil way”
4314:15hi51rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorפְּרָעֵ֥⁠הוּ אַל־תַּעֲבָר־בּ֑⁠וֹ שְׂטֵ֖ה מֵ⁠עָלָ֣י⁠ו וַ⁠עֲבֽוֹר1In this verse, Solomon speaks of behaving wickedly as if it were a path that people could **pass through**, **veer from**, and **pass on**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Avoid acting evilly, do not try it; completely avoid doing evil and do not even think about it”
4324:16w2acrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultכִּ֤י1**For** here indicates that what follows are reasons why someone should avoid doing **evil**, as stated in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Avoid acting wickedly because”\n
4334:16vx6nrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsלֹ֣א יִֽ֭שְׁנוּ אִם־לֹ֣א יָרֵ֑עוּ וְֽ⁠נִגְזְלָ֥ה שְׁ֝נָתָ֗⁠ם אִם־לֹ֥א יַכְשִֽׁילוּ1In this verse, the pronoun **they** refers to the wicked people mentioned in [4:14](../04/14.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the instruction and law from your parents are a garland of grace” or “wicked ones do not sleep if they do not do evil and the sleep of wicked ones is robbed if those wicked ones do not cause stumbling”
4344:16n1jzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleלֹ֣א יִֽ֭שְׁנוּ אִם־לֹ֣א יָרֵ֑עוּ וְֽ⁠נִגְזְלָ֥ה שְׁ֝נָתָ֗⁠ם אִם־לֹ֥א יַכְשִֽׁילוּ1In these two clauses, Solomon exaggerates to express how intensely these wicked people desire to do evil actions. Solomon did not mean that these people really did not **sleep** without doing **evil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “they desire to do evil so much that it is as if they cannot sleep unless they have done evil”
4354:16md91rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְֽ⁠נִגְזְלָ֥ה שְׁ֝נָתָ֗⁠ם1Here, Solomon is speaking of not being able to **sleep** as if **sleep** were an object that someone could be **robbed** of. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they are not able to sleep”
4364:16bvp7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאִם־לֹ֥א יַכְשִֽׁילוּ1Here, Solomon speaks of causing harm to another person as if it were causing that person to **stumble**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “if they do not harm someone”
4374:17ld87rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultכִּ֣י1**For** here indicates that what follows are more reasons why someone should avoid doing evil, as commanded in [4:15](../04/15.md). Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Avoid acting wickedly because”
4384:17w41yrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsלָ֭חֲמוּ & יִשְׁתּֽוּ1In this verse, the pronoun **they** refers to the wicked people mentioned in [4:14](../04/14.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “wicked ones eat … wicked ones drink”\n
4394:17vfi9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorלָ֭חֲמוּ לֶ֣חֶם רֶ֑שַׁע וְ⁠יֵ֖ין חֲמָסִ֣ים יִשְׁתּֽוּ1These two clauses could mean: (1) these wicked people do acts of **wickedness** and **violence** as regularly as they **eat bread** and **drink wine**. Alternate translation: “wickedness is like the bread that they eat and violence is like the wine that they drink” or (2) these wicked people do acts of **wickedness** and **violence** in order to get their **bread** and **wine**. Alternate translation: “they eat bread that they obtain by doing wicked things and they drink wine that they obtain through violent acts”
4404:18w7hurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠אֹ֣רַח צַ֭דִּיקִים1Here, **path** could refer to: (1) the things that people experience during their lives. Alternate translation: “But what the righteous ones experience” (2) how people behave, as it does in [1:15](../01/15.md). Alternate translation: “But the lifestyle of the righteous ones”
4414:18y8l4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitכְּ⁠א֣וֹר נֹ֑גַהּ1Here, **the light of brightness** refers to the first sunlight that appears in the morning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is like the light of dawn” or “is like the first sunlight in the morning”
4424:18etf9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileכְּ⁠א֣וֹר נֹ֑גַהּ1Here, Solomon compares **the path of the righteous ones** to **the light** that appears at sunrise. He means that **righteous** people are safe because they understand what God wants them to do during their lives, just like people can walk safely on a path because **the light** enables them to see where they are going. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is safe”
4434:18jv88rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomהוֹלֵ֥ךְ וָ֝⁠א֗וֹר עַד־נְכ֥וֹן הַ⁠יּֽוֹם1The phrase **the day is established** refers to the time of **day** when the sun shines the brightest. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “going and shining until the sun shines the brightest” or “going and shining brighter until full daylight”
4444:18i5k7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileהוֹלֵ֥ךְ וָ֝⁠א֗וֹר עַד־נְכ֥וֹן הַ⁠יּֽוֹם1Here, Solomon continues the comparison of **the path of the righteous ones** to **the light** at sunrise. Just like the sunlight shines increasingly brighter from sunrise until the middle of the day, so also **the righteous ones** will be safer and safer as they understand more and more of how God wants them to live. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “increasing in safety until they are completely safe”
4454:19bqj5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorדֶּ֣רֶךְ1Here, **way** has the same meaning as “path” in the previous verse. See how you translated “path” there.
4464:19mj9lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileכָּֽ⁠אֲפֵלָ֑ה1Here, Solomon compares the **way of the wicked ones** to **darkness**. He means that the wicked people are always in danger, just like people who walk in darkness are in danger because they cannot see where they are going. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is dangerous”
4474:19m9yhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorלֹ֥א יָ֝דְע֗וּ בַּ⁠מֶּ֥ה יִכָּשֵֽׁלוּ1Here, Solomon speaks of people experiencing harm as if they were stumbling over an object in the path they were walking on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they do not know why they experience harm”
4484:20x1dnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismלִ⁠דְבָרַ֣⁠י הַקְשִׁ֑יבָ⁠ה לַ֝⁠אֲמָרַ֗⁠י הַט־אָזְנֶֽ⁠ךָ1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “listen attentively to my words, yes, incline your ear to my sayings”
4494:20w8jdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyלִ⁠דְבָרַ֣⁠י1See how you translated **my words** in [1:23](../01/23.md).
4504:20kji2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomהַט־אָזְנֶֽ⁠ךָ1The phrase **incline your ear** is an idiom that refers to listening carefully to what someone is saying as if the listener was turning his **ear** toward the person speaking. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “listen carefully”\n
4514:21zdv5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאַל־יַלִּ֥יזוּ מֵ⁠עֵינֶ֑י⁠ךָ1See how you translated this clause in [3:21](../03/21.md).
4524:21cb9drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyשָׁ֝מְרֵ֗⁠ם בְּ⁠ת֣וֹךְ לְבָבֶֽ⁠ךָ1See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
4534:21a189rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorשָׁ֝מְרֵ֗⁠ם בְּ⁠ת֣וֹךְ לְבָבֶֽ⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon speaks of remembering something as if someone were keeping it **in the midst of** his **heart**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “always remember them”
4544:22ihlwrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsהֵ֭ם לְ⁠מֹצְאֵי⁠הֶ֑ם1In this verse, the pronouns **they** and **them** refer to the “sayings” mentioned in [4:20](../04/20.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “my sayings … to those who find my sayings”
4554:22jnu1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyחַיִּ֣ים הֵ֭ם לְ⁠מֹצְאֵי⁠הֶ֑ם1Here, Solomon speaks of his sayings as if they were the lives of those who remember them. He means that those who remember what he says will preserve their lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they preserve the life of those who find them” or “they cause those who find them to keep living”
4564:22lby5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorלְ⁠מֹצְאֵי⁠הֶ֑ם1Here, Solomon speaks of people remembering his sayings as if those people have found them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to those who remember them”
4574:22rxmlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheוּֽ⁠לְ⁠כָל־בְּשָׂר֥⁠וֹ מַרְפֵּֽא1Here, Solomon uses the word **flesh** to refer to a person’s whole body, which is made of flesh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and healing to all of his body”\n
4584:22hqberc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotationsבְּשָׂר֥⁠וֹ1Although **his** is masculine, here it refers to anyone who remembers Solomon’s sayings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a person’s flesh”
4594:22d57yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוּֽ⁠לְ⁠כָל־בְּשָׂר֥⁠וֹ מַרְפֵּֽא1Here, Solomon speaks of his sayings as if they were **healing** for those who remember them. He means that those who remember what he says will have healthy bodies. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they preserve their health” or “and they cause their bodies to stay healthy”
4604:23tgelrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorנְצֹ֣ר לִבֶּ֑⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon speaks of a person being careful of what he thinks in his **heart** as if his **heart** were an object that could be guarded. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Protect what you think in your heart”
4614:23pf19rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyלִבֶּ֑⁠ךָ1See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
4624:23klv3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveמִֽ⁠כָּל־מִ֭שְׁמָר1If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “more than all that you protect”
4634:23oradrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomמִֽ⁠כָּל־מִ֭שְׁמָר1This phrase is an idiom that means “with all diligence.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “with utmost diligence”\n
4644:23n8vdrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsמִ֝מֶּ֗⁠נּוּ1Here, **it** refers to the **heart**, which refers to a person’s mind. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from your heart” or “from your mind”
4654:23gmworc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorמִ֝מֶּ֗⁠נּוּ תּוֹצְא֥וֹת חַיִּֽים1Here, Solomon speaks of the influence that a person’s **heart** has over what happens in that person’s life as if the **heart** were **sources** that produce **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from your heart comes what will direct your life” or “your mind determines what your life will be like”
4664:24jv11rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismהָסֵ֣ר מִ֭מְּ⁠ךָ עִקְּשׁ֣וּת פֶּ֑ה וּ⁠לְז֥וּת שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם הַרְחֵ֥ק מִמֶּֽ⁠ךָּ1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Remove from you perversity of mouth, yes, the deviousness of lips put far away from you”\n
4674:24a2swrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomהָסֵ֣ר מִ֭מְּ⁠ךָ עִקְּשׁ֣וּת פֶּ֑ה וּ⁠לְז֥וּת שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם הַרְחֵ֥ק מִמֶּֽ⁠ךָּ1The phrases **perversity of mouth** and **deviousness of lips** both refer to someone using his **mouth** or **lips** to speak deceitfully. If these phrases do not have that meaning in your language, you could use idioms from your language that do have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Remove from you perverse speech, and devious speech put far away from you”
4684:24tdwnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorהָסֵ֣ר מִ֭מְּ⁠ךָ עִקְּשׁ֣וּת פֶּ֑ה וּ⁠לְז֥וּת שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם הַרְחֵ֥ק מִמֶּֽ⁠ךָּ1In this verse, Solomon speaks of **perversity of mouth** and **the deviousness of lips** as if they were objects that someone could **Remove** or **put far away**. He means that a person should not speak deceitfully. If it would be helpful in your language you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not speak perversely, and do not speak deviously”
4694:25d1zlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismעֵ֭ינֶי⁠ךָ לְ⁠נֹ֣כַח יַבִּ֑יטוּ וְ֝⁠עַפְעַפֶּ֗י⁠ךָ יַיְשִׁ֥רוּ נֶגְדֶּֽ⁠ךָ1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Cause your eyes to gaze to the front, yes, cause your eyelids to be straight in front of you”
4704:25il8grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheעֵ֭ינֶי⁠ךָ לְ⁠נֹ֣כַח יַבִּ֑יטוּ וְ֝⁠עַפְעַפֶּ֗י⁠ךָ יַיְשִׁ֥רוּ נֶגְדֶּֽ⁠ךָ1In this verse, **eyes** and **eyelids** represent the person who is looking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Cause yourself to gaze to the front, and cause yourself to look straight in front of you”
4714:25wkv8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorעֵ֭ינֶי⁠ךָ לְ⁠נֹ֣כַח יַבִּ֑יטוּ וְ֝⁠עַפְעַפֶּ֗י⁠ךָ יַיְשִׁ֥רוּ נֶגְדֶּֽ⁠ךָ1In these two clauses, Solomon speaks of committing oneself to behaving wisely and righteously as if those qualities were always **in front** of the person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Keep yourself focused on doing what is right, and keep looking ahead to what is good”
4724:26mnhfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorפַּ֭לֵּס1Here, Solomon speaks of being careful as if someone were making the ground in front of them flat. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Be careful with” or “Take heed to”
4734:26nt2zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheמַעְגַּ֣ל רַגְלֶ֑⁠ךָ1Here the word **foot** represents the whole person who is walking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your track”
4744:26g2a2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorמַעְגַּ֣ל רַגְלֶ֑⁠ךָ1Here, **track** refers to how someone behaves. See how you translated the same use of **track** in [2:9](../02/09.md).
4754:26uxskrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultוְֽ⁠כָל1Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the command stated in the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do this, then all” or “This will result in all”\n
4764:26xyn9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorדְּרָכֶ֥י⁠ךָ1See how you translated the same use of **ways** in [3:6](../03/06.md).
4774:26gbd3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorיִכֹּֽנוּ1Here, Solomon speaks of person’s life being successful as if that person were walking safely on solid ground. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be successful”
4784:27h89urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merismאַֽל־תֵּט־יָמִ֥ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹ֑אול1Here, Solomon uses **right** and **left** to refer to going in any direction other than straight ahead. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not go in any direction other than straight ahead”
4794:27vmytrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphorאַֽל־תֵּט־יָמִ֥ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹ֑אול הָסֵ֖ר רַגְלְ⁠ךָ֣ מֵ⁠רָֽע1In this verse, Solomon continues to make an extended comparison between how a person behaves and a person walking on a path that he should not **veer** or **turn away from**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not stop behaving rightly, make yourself avoid doing evil”
4804:27j3tnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheרַגְלְ⁠ךָ֣1See how you translated the same use of **foot** in the previous verse.
4814:27jh5orc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsמֵ⁠רָֽע1See how you translated **from evil** in [3:7](../03/07.md).
4825:introjxf10# Proverbs 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n * Avoid temptation to commit adultery (5:1–23)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men.\n\n### Adulteress\n\nThis chapter repeatedly warns young men to avoid any adulterous woman, who is called “strange” and “foreign.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Euphemism\n\nIn [5:15–20](../05/15.md), Solomon uses several euphemisms to refer to sexual activity between a man and his wife or an adulterous woman. Although the UST expresses the meaning of these euphemisms plainly, only do so if sexual language would not be offensive in your culture. It is usually best to use a euphemism from your own language that means the same thing.
4835:1lh1jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismלְ⁠חָכְמָתִ֣⁠י הַקְשִׁ֑יבָ⁠ה לִ֝⁠תְבוּנָתִ֗⁠י הַט־אָזְנֶֽ⁠ךָ1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “listen attentively to my wisdom, yes, incline your ear to my understanding”\n
4845:1vi27rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsלְ⁠חָכְמָתִ֣⁠י & לִ֝⁠תְבוּנָתִ֗⁠י1See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
4855:1ks50rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitלְ⁠חָכְמָתִ֣⁠י & לִ֝⁠תְבוּנָתִ֗⁠י1Here, **my wisdom** and **my understanding** refer to the wise lessons that Solomon teaches his **son** and what he tells his **son** to understand. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to my wise lessons …\n to what I tell you to understand”
4865:1nl9hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomהַט־אָזְנֶֽ⁠ךָ1See how you translated this idiom in [4:20](../04/20.md).
4875:2ntlnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorלִ⁠שְׁמֹ֥ר מְזִמּ֑וֹת וְ֝⁠דַ֗עַת & יִנְצֹֽרוּ1In this verse, Solomon speaks of **discretion** as if it were an object that someone should **keep**, and **knowledge** as if it were an object that someone’s **lips** should **guard**. He means that he wants his son to preserve or remember what he has taught him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in order to preserve discretion, and your lips may preserve knowledge”
4885:2cei4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsמְזִמּ֑וֹת1See how you translated the abstract nouns **discretion** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
4895:2la7frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheוְ֝⁠דַ֗עַת שְׂפָתֶ֥י⁠ךָ יִנְצֹֽרוּ1Here, **lips** represents the person who speaks by moving the **lips**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you may guard knowledge by what you say”
4905:2uilurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitוְ֝⁠דַ֗עַת1Here, **knowledge** refers to what the son has learned from his father. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and … what you have learned”\n
4915:3fyuwrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultכִּ֤י1**For** here indicates that what follows is a reason why someone should obey the commands introduced in [5:1](../05/01.md). Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do what I say because”\n
4925:3zxr9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyשִׂפְתֵ֣י זָרָ֑ה & חִכָּֽ⁠הּ1Here, **lips** and **palate** represent the words that the **strange woman** speaks. If it would be helpful in your language, you cold express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what a strange woman says … is what she says”
4935:3dvhvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorזָרָ֑ה1See how you translated **strange woman** in [2:16](../02/16.md).
4945:3z9rmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyנֹ֣פֶת תִּ֭טֹּפְנָה & וְ⁠חָלָ֖ק מִ⁠שֶּׁ֣מֶן1Here, Solomon speaks of the tempting words that the **strange woman** speaks is as if what she says is like **fresh honey** and **oil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “are delightful like fresh honey and more pleasant than oil”
4955:4p23orc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionוְֽ֭⁠אַחֲרִיתָ⁠הּ1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the **aftermath** of having a sexual relationship with an adulterous woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the aftermath of having a sexual relationship with her”
4965:4m3snrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknownכַֽ⁠לַּעֲנָ֑ה1The word **wormwood** refers to a plant that tastes bitter. People made medicine out of it, but they also believed that it was poisonous. If your readers would not be familiar with this plant, you could use the name of a bitter-tasting plant in your area, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “like a bitter-tasting plant”\n
4975:4pd3grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileמָרָ֣ה כַֽ⁠לַּעֲנָ֑ה1Here, Solomon compares the harm that comes from having a relationship with an adulterous woman to tasting bitter **wormwood**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “is harmful like bitter-tasting wormwood”
4985:4j9aarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisחַ֝דָּ֗ה כְּ⁠חֶ֣רֶב פִּיּֽוֹת1Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “her aftermath is sharp like a sword with mouths”
4995:4fcscrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorחַ֝דָּ֗ה כְּ⁠חֶ֣רֶב פִּיּֽוֹת1The phrase **sword of mouths** refers to a **sword** with a blade that is sharp on both sides. Each side can cut a person like a mouth that bites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “sharp like a sword with a blade that is sharp on both sides”
5005:4jy84rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorחַ֝דָּ֗ה כְּ⁠חֶ֣רֶב פִּיּֽוֹת1Here, Solomon speaks of the pain that the adulteress will cause to the one who has a relationship with her as if it were a **sharp** **sword** that cuts the person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it wounds a person, as if it were a sharp sword of mouths”
5015:5uyhcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismרַ֭גְלֶי⁠הָ יֹרְד֣וֹת מָ֑וֶת שְׁ֝א֗וֹל צְעָדֶ֥י⁠הָ יִתְמֹֽכוּ1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Her feet are going down to death; yes, her steps take hold of Sheol”
5025:5kc88rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorרַ֭גְלֶי⁠הָ יֹרְד֣וֹת מָ֑וֶת שְׁ֝א֗וֹל צְעָדֶ֥י⁠הָ יִתְמֹֽכוּ1The phrases **her feet** and **her steps** could refer to: (1) the behavior of the adulterous woman as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “Her lifestyle goes down to death; her way of living takes hold of Sheol” (2) the adulterous woman. Alternate translation: “She goes down to death; she takes hold of Sheol”
5035:5u7m0rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorיֹרְד֣וֹת מָ֑וֶת1Here, Solomon speaks of the behavior of the adulterous woman causer her death and the death of whoever commits adultery with her as if they were going on a path that leads**down to death**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “result in death” or “cause them to die”
5045:5g7qfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationשְׁ֝א֗וֹל & יִתְמֹֽכוּ1Here, Solomon speaks of the behavior of the adulterous woman causing her death and the death of whoever commits adultery with her as if they were taking **hold of Sheol**, which is the place where people’s spirits go when they die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “result in death” or “cause them to die”
5055:6yot0rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitאֹ֣רַח חַ֭יִּים פֶּן־תְּפַלֵּ֑ס1**Lest** here implies that the adulterous woman has an aversion to **the path of life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “She refuses to observe the path of life”
5065:6nxc1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאֹ֣רַח חַ֭יִּים פֶּן־תְּפַלֵּ֑ס1Here, Solomon speaks of behavior that results in living a long **life** as if it were a **path** that leads to **life** and can be observed. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Lest she cares about behavior that leads to life”\n
5075:6iki3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorמַ֝עְגְּלֹתֶ֗י⁠הָ1See how you translated the same use of **tracks** in [2:15](../02/15.md).
5085:7dwp8rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrasesוְ⁠עַתָּ֣ה1**And now** here indicates a transition from the description of the adulterous woman in [5:3–6](../05/03.md) to the call to pay attention that follows. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a transition. Alternate translation: “Next”
5095:7ry9irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismוְ⁠עַתָּ֣ה בָ֭נִים שִׁמְעוּ־לִ֑⁠י וְ⁠אַל־תָּ֝ס֗וּרוּ מֵ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽ⁠י1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “And now, sons, listen to me; yes, do not turn aside from the sayings of my mouth”\n
5105:7lt5lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitבָ֭נִים1Throughout chapters 1–9, Solomon alternates between using the plural **sons** and singular “son.” Many scholars think that Solomon does this in order to indicate that he is not only instructing one of his **sons**, but all of his readers as well. See how you translated **sons** in [4:1](../04/01.md).\n
5115:7e4q8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠אַל־תָּ֝ס֗וּרוּ מֵ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽ⁠י1Here, Solomon speaks of someone not listening to someone else as if the person physically turned **away** from what he was saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not stop listening to the sayings of my mouth”
5125:7zb82rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesוְ⁠אַל־תָּ֝ס֗וּרוּ מֵ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽ⁠י1Here, Solomon uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “and listen to the sayings of my mouth”\n
5135:7ih1hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheמֵ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽ⁠י1See how you translated **the sayings of my mouth** in [4:5](../04/05.md).
5145:8y32erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorהַרְחֵ֣ק מֵ⁠עָלֶ֣י⁠הָ דַרְכֶּ֑⁠ךָ1Here, **way** represents the person and their daily activities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Keep yourself far away from her”
5155:8rv57rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsמֵ⁠עָלֶ֣י⁠הָ & בֵּיתָֽ⁠הּ1In this verse, **her** refers to the adulterous woman described in [5:3–6](../05/03.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from an adulteress … the house of an adulteress”\n
5165:8jw5hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-goוְ⁠אַל־תִּ֝קְרַ֗ב1In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “and do not go near”
5175:9pl7urc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrasesפֶּן1**Lest** here indicates that what follows in this verse is what would happen to people if they do not obey the commands in the previous verse. Use a natural form in your language for connecting this statement to the previous one. Alternate translation: “If you do this, then”
5185:9b54wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorתִּתֵּ֣ן לַ⁠אֲחֵרִ֣ים הוֹדֶ֑⁠ךָ1Here, **splendor** could refer to: (1) everything that a person achieves during the time in a person’s life when he is the strongest, which would be the same meaning as **your years** in the next clause. Alternate translation: “you give to others your vigor” or “you give to others your achievements from your vigorous time of life” (2) a person’s reputation, in which case this clause would refer to a person getting a bad reputation. Alternate translation: “you will lose your good reputation with others”
5195:9bc5brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisוּ֝⁠שְׁנֹתֶ֗י⁠ךָ1Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and lest you give your years”
5205:9bqa1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוּ֝⁠שְׁנֹתֶ֗י⁠ךָ1Here, **your years** could refer to: (1) everything that a person achieves during the time in a person’s life when he is his healthiest and strongest. Alternate translation: “and all you have achieved in the best years of your life” (2) the **years** that a person is alive, meaning that **a cruel one** would kill this person. Alternate translation: “and your life”
5215:9dtlxrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenounsלְ⁠אַכְזָרִֽי1Here, **a cruel one** could refer to: (1) one person, possibly the husband of the adulterous woman. Alternate translation: “a cruel person” or “a cruel man” (2) a group of **cruel** people who are called **others** in the previous clause. Alternate translation: “to cruel people”
5225:10j1mnrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrasesפֶּֽן1**Lest** here indicates that what follows in this verse is what would happen to people if they do not obey the commands in [5:8](../05/08.md). Use a natural form in your language for connecting this statement to the previous one. Alternate translation: “If you do this, then”
5235:10d9brrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveיִשְׂבְּע֣וּ1If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language, as in the UST.
5245:10nxjmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyכֹּחֶ֑⁠ךָ1Here, **your strength** refers to everything that a person achieves during the time in a person’s life when he has the most **strength**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with what you achieved when you were strong”
5255:10iftprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוַ֝⁠עֲצָבֶ֗י⁠ךָ1Here, **your toils** refers to everything that a person earns by working hard. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and what you gain from toiling”
5265:10ksf3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyבְּ⁠בֵ֣ית נָכְרִֽי1Here, **house** could refer to: (1) the **house** where the **foreigner** keeps the things he takes from this person, as in the UST. (2) the people who live in **the house of a foreigner**. Alternate translation: “be with the household or a foreigner”
5275:10auzurc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenounsנָכְרִֽי1Here, **a foreigner** could refer to: (1) one person, possibly the adulterous woman or her husband. Alternate translation: “a foreign person” (2) a group of **foreign** people who are called **strangers** in the previous clause. Alternate translation: “to foreign people”
5285:11i4yhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismבְ⁠אַחֲרִיתֶ֑⁠ךָ בִּ⁠כְל֥וֹת בְּ֝שָׂרְ⁠ךָ֗ וּ⁠שְׁאֵרֶֽ⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon is referring to dying in a polite way by using the word **end** and the phrase **your body and your flesh are finished**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to death in your language, or you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at the time of your death, when your flesh and your body die”
5295:11la5hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletבְּ֝שָׂרְ⁠ךָ֗ וּ⁠שְׁאֵרֶֽ⁠ךָ1The words **flesh** and **body** mean basically the same thing and represent the whole person. Solomon is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “you yourself”
5305:12x4dirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismשָׂנֵ֣אתִי מוּסָ֑ר וְ֝⁠תוֹכַ֗חַת נָאַ֥ץ לִבִּֽ⁠י1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “I hated correction, yes, my heart despised rebuke”\n
5315:12m4grrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamationsאֵ֭יךְ שָׂנֵ֣אתִי מוּסָ֑ר1“How” here is an exclamation that emphasizes how much he **hated correction**. Use an exclamation that would communicate that meaning in your language. Alternate translation: “I hated correction so very much”
5325:12pm48rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsמוּסָ֑ר וְ֝⁠תוֹכַ֗חַת1See how you translated the abstract nouns **correction** and **rebuke** in [3:11](../03/11.md).
5335:12b7lfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyלִבִּֽ⁠י1See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
5345:13t507rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismוְֽ⁠לֹא־שָׁ֭מַעְתִּי בְּ⁠ק֣וֹל מוֹרָ֑⁠י וְ֝⁠לִֽ⁠מְלַמְּדַ֗⁠י לֹא־הִטִּ֥יתִי אָזְנִֽ⁠י1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “And I did not listen to the voice of my teachers, yes, to my instructors I did not incline my ear”
5355:13n7o7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomוְֽ⁠לֹא־שָׁ֭מַעְתִּי בְּ⁠ק֣וֹל1The phrase **listen to the voice of** is an idiom that refers to obeying someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And I did not obey the instructions of”
5365:13kvf5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomלֹא־הִטִּ֥יתִי אָזְנִֽ⁠י1See how you translated this idiom in [4:20](../04/20.md).
5375:14kne6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorבְ⁠כָל־רָ֑ע1Here, the adulterous man speaks of experiencing complete disgrace as if **all evil** were a location he was **in**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “experiencing total disgrace”
5385:14he4crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletבְּ⁠ת֖וֹךְ קָהָ֣ל וְ⁠עֵדָֽה1The terms **assembly** and **congregation** mean the same thing and refer to the man’s community. The man is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “in the midst of the entire assembly”
5395:15f76jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismשְׁתֵה־מַ֥יִם מִ⁠בּוֹרֶ֑⁠ךָ וְ֝⁠נֹזְלִ֗ים מִ⁠תּ֥וֹךְ בְּאֵרֶֽ⁠ךָ1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Drink water from your cistern, yes, drink flowing waters from the midst of your well”
5405:15w3lxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisשְׁתֵה־מַ֥יִם מִ⁠בּוֹרֶ֑⁠ךָ וְ֝⁠נֹזְלִ֗ים מִ⁠תּ֥וֹךְ בְּאֵרֶֽ⁠ךָ1Solomon is leaving out a word in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Drink water from your cistern and drink flowing waters from the midst of your well”
5415:15t8avrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismשְׁתֵה־מַ֥יִם מִ⁠בּוֹרֶ֑⁠ךָ וְ֝⁠נֹזְלִ֗ים מִ⁠תּ֥וֹךְ בְּאֵרֶֽ⁠ךָ1In both of these clauses, Solomon is referring to a man satisfying his sexual desire with his own wife in a polite way. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more normal polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Sleep with your wife only and only satisfy yourself with her” or “Satisfy your sexual desire only with your wife, yes, satisfy your sexual desire only with her”
5425:16pe1src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionיָפ֣וּצוּ מַעְיְנֹתֶ֣י⁠ךָ ח֑וּצָ⁠ה בָּ֝⁠רְחֹב֗וֹת פַּלְגֵי־מָֽיִם1Solomon is using the question form to emphasize that a man should not commit adultery. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Your springs should not overflow outside, channels of water in the open areas!”
5435:16vww6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisיָפ֣וּצוּ מַעְיְנֹתֶ֣י⁠ךָ ח֑וּצָ⁠ה בָּ֝⁠רְחֹב֗וֹת פַּלְגֵי־מָֽיִם1Solomon is leaving out some words in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. You may need to make a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Should your springs overflow outside? Should your channels of water overflow in the open areas?”
5445:16u3uarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismיָפ֣וּצוּ מַעְיְנֹתֶ֣י⁠ךָ ח֑וּצָ⁠ה בָּ֝⁠רְחֹב֗וֹת פַּלְגֵי־מָֽיִם1In both clauses, Solomon is using a polite way to refer to a man having sex with women who are not his wife as if he were allowing his **springs** or **water** to flow in public places. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could express the meaning plainly. See the discussion of euphemisms in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “Should you sleep with other women, sleeping with them openly”
5455:16ss2wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitח֑וּצָ⁠ה & בָּ֝⁠רְחֹב֗וֹת1Here, **outside** and **open areas** refer to public places where there are many people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “out into public streets … in public places”
5465:17f7gerc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsיִֽהְיוּ1Here, **them** refers to the “springs” and “channels of water” mentioned in the previous verse, which are euphemisms for sexual activity. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. See how you translated those euphemisms in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “Let your sexual desires be”
5475:17s9wfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletלְ⁠ךָ֥ לְ⁠בַדֶּ֑⁠ךָ1The phrases **for you** and **for you alone** mean the same thing. Solomon is using the two phrases together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “for only you alone”
5485:18eyoyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitיְהִֽי־מְקוֹרְ⁠ךָ֥ בָר֑וּךְ1This clause is a command like the command to **be glad** in the next clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Be blessed by your fountain”
5495:18xd81rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorיְהִֽי־מְקוֹרְ⁠ךָ֥ בָר֑וּךְ1Here, Solomon speaks of his son’s wife as if she were a **fountain** by which his son should be **blessed**. Here the word **blessed** refers to experiencing joy or sexual pleasure. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “May you experience joy with your wife”
5505:18tz7frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionמֵ⁠אֵ֥שֶׁת נְעוּרֶֽ⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the **wife** whom his son married while he was in his **youth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from the wife whom you married in your youth”\n
5515:18fcekrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsנְעוּרֶֽ⁠ךָ1See how you translated the abstract noun **youth** in [2:17](../02/17.md).
5525:19n93jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאַיֶּ֥לֶת אֲהָבִ֗ים וְֽ⁠יַעֲלַ֫ת־חֵ֥ן1Here, Solomon speaks of how beautiful the “wife of your youth” is as if she were a **doe of loves and a mountain goat of grace**. The Israelites considered these two animals to be symbols of physical beauty and graceful movements. If it would be helpful in your language or it would not be appropriate in your language to compare a woman to an animal, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “She is as beautiful as a doe of loves and as graceful as a goat of grace”
5535:19dv45rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionאַיֶּ֥לֶת אֲהָבִ֗ים1Here, Solomon uses the possessive form to describe a **doe** that is characterized by **loves**. The word **loves** is plural here for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate this with a different expression. Alternate translation: “A very lovely doe”
5545:19krq7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionוְֽ⁠יַעֲלַ֫ת־חֵ֥ן1Here, Solomon uses the possessive form to describe a **mountain goat** that is characterized by **grace**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate this with a different expression. Alternate translation: “a graceful mountain goat”
5555:19x1vqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorדַּ֭דֶּי⁠הָ יְרַוֻּ֣⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon speaks of a wife’s **breasts** satisfying her husband’s sexual desires as they would satisfy the thirst of a hungry baby. Here, **drench** refers to giving a baby a satisfying amount of milk. If it would be helpful in your language or if it would be offensive in your language to refer to **breasts**, then you could use a more general expression. Alternate translation: “may her breasts fill you with delight as a mother’s breasts fill her child with food” or “may she satisfy your sexual desires”
5565:19pb8mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorתִּשְׁגֶּ֥ה תָמִֽיד1Here, Solomon speaks of the exhilarating delight of the love that a man should have for his wife as if he were staggering like an intoxicated person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “may you continually revel”
5575:20d78frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionוְ⁠לָ֤⁠מָּה תִשְׁגֶּ֣ה בְנִ֣⁠י בְ⁠זָרָ֑ה וּ֝⁠תְחַבֵּ֗ק חֵ֣ק נָכְרִיָּֽה1Solomon is using the question form to emphasize the a man should not commit adultery. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “And you should not stagger, my son, with a strange woman, or embrace the bosom of a foreign woman!”
5585:20zuu8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisוְ⁠לָ֤⁠מָּה תִשְׁגֶּ֣ה בְנִ֣⁠י בְ⁠זָרָ֑ה וּ֝⁠תְחַבֵּ֗ק חֵ֣ק נָכְרִיָּֽה1Solomon is leaving out some words in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And why would you stagger, my son, with a strange woman, or why would you embrace the bosom of a foreign woman”
5595:20z71krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorתִשְׁגֶּ֣ה1See how you translated the same use of **stagger** in the previous verse.
5605:20x9gwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorבְ⁠זָרָ֑ה & נָכְרִיָּֽה1See how you translated **strange woman** and **foreign woman** in [2:16](../02/16.md).
5615:21bsb3rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultכִּ֤י1**For** here introduces the reason for obeying the commands stated in [5:15–20](../05/15.md). Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “Do not commit adultery because”\n
5625:21jh86rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismנֹ֨כַח ׀ עֵינֵ֣י יְ֭הוָה דַּרְכֵי־אִ֑ישׁ וְֽ⁠כָל־מַעְגְּלֹתָ֥י⁠ו מְפַלֵּֽס1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “in front of the eyes of Yahweh are the ways of a man, yes, all of his paths he observes”\n
5635:21mpi9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorנֹ֨כַח ׀ עֵינֵ֣י יְ֭הוָה & מְפַלֵּֽס1Here, Solomon speaks of **Yahweh** knowing what people do as if everything people do is **in front of** his **eyes** or is what **he observes**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is fully aware of … he is fully aware of”
5645:21p1arrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorדַּרְכֵי & מַעְגְּלֹתָ֥י⁠ו1See how you translated the same use of **ways** and **paths** in [3:6](../03/06.md).
5655:21y1w0rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotationsאִ֑ישׁ &מַעְגְּלֹתָ֥י⁠ו1Although the terms **man** and **his** are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “a person … that person’s paths”
5665:22agzwrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsעַֽווֹנוֹתָ֗י⁠ו יִלְכְּדֻ⁠נ֥וֹ אֶת־הָ⁠רָשָׁ֑ע וּ⁠בְ⁠חַבְלֵ֥י חַ֝טָּאת֗⁠וֹ יִתָּמֵֽךְ1**His** in this verse refers to **the wicked one** mentioned in the first clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The iniquities of the wicked one capture him; and by the cords of the wicked one’s sin he is grasped”
5675:22yljvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotationsעַֽווֹנוֹתָ֗י⁠ו יִלְכְּדֻ⁠נ֥וֹ אֶת־הָ⁠רָשָׁ֑ע וּ⁠בְ⁠חַבְלֵ֥י חַ֝טָּאת֗⁠וֹ יִתָּמֵֽךְ1Although the terms **His**, **him**, and **he** are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “The wicked person’s iniquities capture that person; and by the cords of that person’s sins that person is grasped”
5685:22u9yarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationעַֽווֹנוֹתָ֗י⁠ו יִלְכְּדֻ⁠נ֥וֹ & וּ⁠בְ⁠חַבְלֵ֥י חַ֝טָּאת֗⁠וֹ יִתָּמֵֽךְ1In this verse, Solomon speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his **iniquities** and **sin** as if those **iniquities** and **sin** were people who could **capture** or grasp that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He will not escape being punished for his iniquities … and he is trapped because of the cords of his sin”
5695:22fmn8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsעַֽווֹנוֹתָ֗י⁠ו & חַ֝טָּאת֗⁠וֹ1If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **iniquities** and **sin**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “The iniquitous things he does … the sinful things he does”
5705:22zieyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּ⁠בְ⁠חַבְלֵ֥י חַ֝טָּאת֗⁠וֹ יִתָּמֵֽךְ1If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the cords of his sin grasp him”
5715:22he5drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionוּ⁠בְ⁠חַבְלֵ֥י חַ֝טָּאת֗⁠וֹ1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the cords** that are **sin**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “and by the cords, that is, his sin,”
5725:23w7f9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotationsה֗וּא & וּ⁠בְ⁠רֹ֖ב אִוַּלְתּ֣⁠וֹ יִשְׁגֶּֽה1Although the terms **He** and **his** are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “That person … and in the abundance of that person’s foolishness that person staggers”
5735:23x16krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsבְּ⁠אֵ֣ין מוּסָ֑ר וּ⁠בְ⁠רֹ֖ב אִוַּלְתּ֣⁠וֹ1If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **correction**, **abundance**, and **foolishness**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “because he is not corrected; and in how abundantly foolish he is”
5745:23n1a7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorיִשְׁגֶּֽה1Here, Solomon speaks of a person behaving in a sinful manner that will cause him to die as if he were staggering like an intoxicated person who gets lost. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he loses his way” or “he behaves recklessly”\n
5756:introxq950# Proverbs 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n * Avoid temptation to commit adultery (5:1–23)\n * Practical warnings (6:1–19)\n * Adultery will be punished (6:20–35)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men.\n\n### Adulterous women\n\nThis chapter repeatedly warns young men to avoid any adulterous woman, who is called “strange” and “foreign.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nIn [6:9](../06/09.md), [27](../06/27.md), [28](../06/28.md), the author uses rhetorical questions to emphasize the importance of what he is saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Animals used as examples\n\nIn this chapter, the gazelle, bird, and ant have certain characteristics which the author uses to teach about wisdom. If your language does not recognize those animals as being wise, you could add a footnote to explain or possibly substitute other animals from your culture that would help explain the same concept.
5766:1rs3brc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypotheticalאִם1Here, **if** indicates that Solomon is using a hypothetical situation to teach his **son**. This verse and the next verse are one long conditional sentence. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “suppose”
5776:1sb1brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitאִם־עָרַ֣בְתָּ לְ⁠רֵעֶ֑⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon implies that the **pledge** is a promise to pay back a loan of money for **your neighbor** if he is unable to pay back the loan himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “if you promise to pay back the loan for your neighbor when he is unable to pay it”
5786:1z256rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisתָּקַ֖עְתָּ לַ⁠זָּ֣ר כַּפֶּֽי⁠ךָ1Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply the word from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “if you clasp your palms for a stranger”\n
5796:1p3wdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomתָּקַ֖עְתָּ & כַּפֶּֽי⁠ךָ1The function of this action in this culture was to confirm a contractual agreement with someone. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation, or you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you shake hands to confirm an agreement” or “you confirm an agreement”
5806:2aw5erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismנוֹקַ֥שְׁתָּ בְ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִ֑י⁠ךָ נִ֝לְכַּ֗דְתָּ בְּ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽי⁠ךָ1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “you are ensnared by the sayings of your mouth, yes, you are caught by the sayings of your mouth”
5816:2amo2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisנוֹקַ֥שְׁתָּ בְ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִ֑י⁠ךָ נִ֝לְכַּ֗דְתָּ בְּ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽי⁠ךָ1In both of these clauses, Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply the word from the first clause of the previous verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “if you are ensnared by the sayings of your mouth, if you are caught by the sayings of your mouth”
5826:2eoxsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveנוֹקַ֥שְׁתָּ בְ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִ֑י⁠ךָ נִ֝לְכַּ֗דְתָּ בְּ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽי⁠ךָ1If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active forms or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the sayings of your mouth ensnared you, the sayings of your mouth caught you”
5836:2p9iurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorנוֹקַ֥שְׁתָּ בְ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִ֑י⁠ךָ נִ֝לְכַּ֗דְתָּ בְּ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽי⁠ךָ1In these clauses, Solomon refers to someone getting into trouble because of what he said as if his **sayings** were a trap that could ensnare or catch him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “if you get into trouble by the sayings of your mouth, if you encounter difficulty by the sayings of your mouth”
5846:2qta7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheבְ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִ֑י⁠ךָ & בְּ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽי⁠ךָ1Here, **mouth** represents the **ensnared** or **caught** person himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by your sayings … by your sayings”\n
5856:3d6yprc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultעֲשֵׂ֨ה זֹ֥את אֵפ֪וֹא1Here, **then** indicates that what follows is what someone should do if the hypothetical conditions stated in the previous two verses take place. Use the most natural way to express this in your language. Alternate translation: “then do this in response”
5866:3f6jerc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goalוְֽ⁠הִנָּצֵ֗ל1Here, **and** indicates that what follows is the purpose for doing what Solomon commands his son to do in this verse. Use a connector in your language that indicates a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of rescuing yourself”
5876:3s2sbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitוְֽ⁠הִנָּצֵ֗ל1Here, Solomon implies that his **son** should **rescue** himself from his obligation to fulfill the promise referred to in [6:1–2](../06/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and rescue yourself from your obligation”
5886:3zn5urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorבָ֤אתָ בְ⁠כַף־רֵעֶ֑⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon speaks of his **son** being controlled by his **neighbor** as if he had **come into the palm** of his **neighbor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your neighbor has power over you”
5896:3mzx9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוּ⁠רְהַ֥ב1Here, Solomon speaks of his **son** begging his **neighbor** as if he were pressing him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and plead with”
5906:3bc7lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitוּ⁠רְהַ֥ב רֵעֶֽי⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon implies that his **son** should **press** his **neighbor** to free him from his obligation to fulfill the promise referred to in [6:1–2](../06/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and press your neighbor to release you from your obligation”
5916:4ul9qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisאַל־תִּתֵּ֣ן שֵׁנָ֣ה לְ⁠עֵינֶ֑י⁠ךָ וּ֝⁠תְנוּמָ֗ה לְ⁠עַפְעַפֶּֽי⁠ךָ1Solomon is leaving out some of the words in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not give sleep to your eyes and do not give slumber to your eyelids”
5926:4be5irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismאַל־תִּתֵּ֣ן שֵׁנָ֣ה לְ⁠עֵינֶ֑י⁠ךָ וּ֝⁠תְנוּמָ֗ה לְ⁠עַפְעַפֶּֽי⁠ךָ1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Do not give sleep to your eyes, yes, do not give slumber to your eyelids”
5936:4t2dtrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאַל־תִּתֵּ֣ן שֵׁנָ֣ה לְ⁠עֵינֶ֑י⁠ךָ וּ֝⁠תְנוּמָ֗ה לְ⁠עַפְעַפֶּֽי⁠ךָ1Here Solomon is speaking of allowing oneself to **sleep** and **slumber** as if they were objects that one could **give** to oneself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not let your eyes sleep or your eyelids slumber”
5946:4q1t2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitאַל־תִּתֵּ֣ן שֵׁנָ֣ה1Solomon implies that this person should not allow himself to **sleep** until he goes to his neighbor to get out of the agreement. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Until you rescue yourself from this problem, do not give sleep”
5956:4n831rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheלְ⁠עֵינֶ֑י⁠ךָ & לְ⁠עַפְעַפֶּֽי⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon is using **eyes** and **eyelids** to refer to one’s whole body. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to yourself … to yourself”
5966:5j8zarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisהִ֭נָּצֵל כִּ⁠צְבִ֣י מִ⁠יָּ֑ד וּ֝⁠כְ⁠צִפּ֗וֹר מִ⁠יַּ֥ד יָקֽוּשׁ1Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Rescue yourself like a gazelle would rescue itself from a hand, and rescue yourself like a bird would rescue itself from the hand of the trapper”
5976:5xjb3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismהִ֭נָּצֵל כִּ⁠צְבִ֣י מִ⁠יָּ֑ד וּ֝⁠כְ⁠צִפּ֗וֹר מִ⁠יַּ֥ד יָקֽוּשׁ1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Rescue yourself like a gazelle from a hand, yes, rescue yourself like a bird from the hand of the trapper”
5986:5lcv3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileכִּ⁠צְבִ֣י & וּ֝⁠כְ⁠צִפּ֗וֹר1Solomon is saying that the person should act like a **gazelle** and a **bird** because both of those animals are wise enough to flee from hunters quickly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “quickly, like a gazelle … and quickly, like a bird”
5996:5r5irrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknownכִּ⁠צְבִ֣י1A **gazelle** is a land animal that is known for running quickly and gracefully. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of animal, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “like an animal that runs quickly”
6006:6il7aלֵֽךְ־אֶל־נְמָלָ֥ה1**Go** here implies going for the purpose of looking at **the ant**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Go and observe the ant”
6016:6nd7frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnounנְמָלָ֥ה1The word **ant** represents ants in general, not one particular **ant**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “ants”
6026:6xh1rrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknownנְמָלָ֥ה1An **ant** is a small insect that lives underground in large groups. Ants are known for diligently working together to collect food and maintain their nests. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of insect, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the hard-working insect”
6036:6vpy8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitרְאֵ֖ה1**See** here means to observe for the purpose of learning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “See and learn”
6046:6uze2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorדְרָכֶ֣י⁠הָ1See how you translated the same use of **ways** in [3:6](../03/06.md).
6056:6vmwnrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goalוַ⁠חֲכָֽם1Here, **and** indicates that what follows is the purpose for doing what Solomon commands his son to do in this verse. Use a connector in your language that makes indicates a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of becoming wise”
6066:7tmb7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletקָצִ֗ין שֹׁטֵ֥ר וּ⁠מֹשֵֽׁל1These three words mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasize that no one commands ants to work diligently. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “any ruler whatsoever”
6076:8d2rlrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrastתָּכִ֣ין1The idea in this verse is contrary to what one would expect after knowing the information in the previous verse. Indicate this contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but prepares”
6086:8w9jcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismתָּכִ֣ין בַּ⁠קַּ֣יִץ לַחְמָ֑⁠הּ אָגְרָ֥ה בַ֝⁠קָּצִ֗יר מַאֲכָלָֽ⁠הּ1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “prepares its bread in the summer; yes, it gathers its food in the harvest”
6096:8r349rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitתָּכִ֣ין & אָגְרָ֥ה1Here, **prepares** and **gathers** refer to collecting and storing food for winter, the time when food is scarce. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “acquires … it stockpiles”
6106:8ifjhrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsלַחְמָ֑⁠הּ אָגְרָ֥ה & מַאֲכָלָֽ⁠הּ1In this verse, **its** refers to “the ant” mentioned in [6:7](../06/07.md), which is a collective word for ants in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the ant’s bread … the ant gathers its food” or “the ants’ bread … the ants gather their food”
6116:8c8werc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitבַּ⁠קַּ֣יִץ & בַ֝⁠קָּצִ֗יר1In the place where this book was written, **summer** is the time of year when people **harvest** crops. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the time for harvesting crops … in the harvesting time”
6126:9r6u4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionעַד־מָתַ֖י עָצֵ֥ל ׀ תִּשְׁכָּ֑ב מָ֝תַ֗י תָּק֥וּם מִ⁠שְּׁנָתֶֽ⁠ךָ1Solomon is using the question form twice in this verse for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should stop lying down! You should rise from your sleep!”
6136:9woebrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitתִּשְׁכָּ֑ב1The phrase **lie down** implies that the person has been lying on a bed to sleep. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will you sleep in your bed”
6146:9qdljrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorתָּק֥וּם מִ⁠שְּׁנָתֶֽ⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon refers to waking up as if a person were rising up from **sleep**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will you wake up”
6156:10q6abrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarksמְעַ֣ט שֵׁ֭נוֹת מְעַ֣ט תְּנוּמ֑וֹת מְעַ֓ט ׀ חִבֻּ֖ק יָדַ֣יִם לִ⁠שְׁכָּֽב1This verse is a quotation of what the “lazy one” might say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate this with quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation.
6166:10kye3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisמְעַ֣ט שֵׁ֭נוֹת מְעַ֣ט תְּנוּמ֑וֹת1The lazy person is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Let me have a little more sleep; let me have a little more slumber”
6176:10f9h7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletמְעַ֣ט שֵׁ֭נוֹת מְעַ֣ט תְּנוּמ֑וֹת1These two phrases mean the same thing. The lazy person is using them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Just a little more sleep”
6186:10c54prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitמְעַ֓ט ׀ חִבֻּ֖ק יָדַ֣יִם לִ⁠שְׁכָּֽב1This phrase refers to an action that people often do in order to rest more comfortably when they **lie down** to sleep. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a little folding of the hands comfortably to lie down and sleep”
6196:11fcrnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisוּ⁠בָֽא־כִ⁠מְהַלֵּ֥ךְ רֵאשֶׁ֑⁠ךָ וּ֝⁠מַחְסֹֽרְ⁠ךָ֗ כְּ⁠אִ֣ישׁ מָגֵֽן1Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and your poverty will come like one who walks and your need will come like a man of shield”
6206:11vvx1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismוּ⁠בָֽא־כִ⁠מְהַלֵּ֥ךְ רֵאשֶׁ֑⁠ךָ וּ֝⁠מַחְסֹֽרְ⁠ךָ֗ כְּ⁠אִ֣ישׁ מָגֵֽן1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “and your poverty will come like one who walks, yes, your need will come like a man of shield”
6216:11qm7mrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultוּ⁠בָֽא & רֵאשֶׁ֑⁠ךָ1Here, **and** introduces the result of what the lazy person does and says in the two previous verses. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. Alternate translation: “and all this will cause your poverty to come”\n
6226:11msvlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsרֵאשֶׁ֑⁠ךָ וּ֝⁠מַחְסֹֽרְ⁠ךָ֗1If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **poverty** and **need**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “you being poor … and you being needy”
6236:11lkuzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationוּ⁠בָֽא & רֵאשֶׁ֑⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon speaks of experiencing **poverty** as if it were a person who could **come** to someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you will experience poverty”
6246:11i2rbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomכִ⁠מְהַלֵּ֥ךְ1Here, the phrase **one who walks** refers to a robber. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “like a robber”
6256:11zz4vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileכִ⁠מְהַלֵּ֥ךְ1Here, Solomon speaks of how suddenly a lazy person becomes poor as if **poverty** were a robber who unexpectedly steals everything the person owns. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “abruptly”
6266:11ajxyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomכְּ⁠אִ֣ישׁ1Here, the phrase **a man of shield** refers to a robber with weapons. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “like a robber with weapons” or “like an armed man”
6276:11r7zarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileכְּ⁠אִ֣ישׁ מָגֵֽן1Here, Solomon speaks of how suddenly a lazy person becomes needy as if **need** were a robber with weapons who steals everything the person owns. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “abruptly”
6286:12sk3yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletאָדָ֣ם בְּ֭לִיַּעַל אִ֣ישׁ אָ֑וֶן1The phrases **man of worthlessness** and **man of injustice** mean the same thing. Solomon is using them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “A completely useless man”
6296:12dfsxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionאָדָ֣ם בְּ֭לִיַּעַל אִ֣ישׁ אָ֑וֶן1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** that is characterized by **worthless** and **injustice**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A worthless man, an unjust man”
6306:12wtikrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotationsאָדָ֣ם & אִ֣ישׁ1Although the term **man** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “A person of … a person of”
6316:12q9lyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorה֝וֹלֵ֗ךְ1See how you translated the similar use of “walking” in [2:7](../02/07.md).
6326:12fxq7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomעִקְּשׁ֥וּת פֶּֽה1See how you translated this phrase in [4:24](../04/24.md).
6336:13dcgfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisקֹרֵ֣ץ בְּ֭⁠עֵינָ⁠ו מֹלֵ֣ל בְּ⁠רַגְלָ֑⁠ו מֹ֝רֶ֗ה בְּ⁠אֶצְבְּעֹתָֽי⁠ו1Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous verse if it would be clearer in your language. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “He is one who winks with his eye, one who rubs with his foot, and one who points with his fingers”
6346:13ghuarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotationsקֹרֵ֣ץ בְּ֭⁠עֵינָ⁠ו מֹלֵ֣ל בְּ⁠רַגְלָ֑⁠ו מֹ֝רֶ֗ה בְּ⁠אֶצְבְּעֹתָֽי⁠ו1Although the term **his** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “one who winks with one’s eye, one who rubs with one’s foot, one who points with one’s fingers”
6356:13b2zurc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionקֹרֵ֣ץ בְּ֭⁠עֵינָ⁠ו מֹלֵ֣ל בְּ⁠רַגְלָ֑⁠ו מֹ֝רֶ֗ה בְּ⁠אֶצְבְּעֹתָֽי⁠ו1These three clauses refer to actions that someone uses when deceiving people. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of these actions in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “one who winks with his eye, rubs with his foot, and points with his fingers to deceive people”
6366:14oqcyrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneousתַּֽהְפֻּכ֨וֹת ׀ בְּ⁠לִבּ֗⁠וֹ חֹרֵ֣שׁ רָ֣ע בְּ⁠כָל־עֵ֑ת1These two clauses are describing two situations that are occurring at the same time. You can make this clear in your translation with an appropriate connecting word or phrase. Alternate translation: “Perverse things are in his heart while he plots evil on every occasion”
6376:14za5wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotationsבְּ⁠לִבּ֗⁠וֹ & יְשַׁלֵּֽחַ1Although the terms **his** and **he** are masculine, Solomon is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “are in that person’s heart … that person sends forth”
6386:14bbx6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyבְּ⁠לִבּ֗⁠וֹ1See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
6396:14zud5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsרָ֣ע1See how you translated the abstract nouns **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
6406:14lq43rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorמדנים יְשַׁלֵּֽחַ1Here, Solomon speaks of **quarrels** as if they were objects that a person **sends forth**. He means that this person causes other people to quarrel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he causes people to quarrel”
6416:15q038rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotationsאֵיד֑⁠וֹ & יִ֝שָּׁבֵ֗ר1Although the terms **his** and **he** are masculine, Solomon is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person’s calamity … that person will be broken”
6426:15csdgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsאֵיד֑⁠וֹ1See how you translated the abstract noun **calamity** in [1:26](../01/26.md).
6436:15fz64rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationיָב֣וֹא1Here, Solomon speaks of **calamity** occurring as if it were a person who could **come** to someone else. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will occur”
6446:15j5gdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveיִ֝שָּׁבֵ֗ר1If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his calamity will break him”
6456:15qzehוְ⁠אֵ֣ין מַרְפֵּֽא1Alternate translation: “and he will not heal”
6466:16it1erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismשֶׁשׁ־הֵ֭נָּה שָׂנֵ֣א יְהוָ֑ה וְ֝⁠שֶׁ֗בַע תועבות נַפְשֽׁ⁠וֹ1To make a comprehensive statement, Solomon is using a rhetorical device in which the speaker names a number that should be sufficient to illustrate his point and then increases that number by one for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh absolutely hates these seven things, and they are abominations of his spirit”
6476:16akh6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjשֶׁשׁ & וְ֝⁠שֶׁ֗בַע1Solomon is using the adjectives **Six** and **seven** as nouns to mean **six** and **seven** things. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “Six things … and seven things”
6486:16p2e9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionתועבות נַפְשֽׁ⁠וֹ1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe what **his spirit** considers to be **abominations**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “are what his spirit considers to be abominations” or “are what his spirit considers to be abominable”
6496:16zqfkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsתועבות1If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **abominations**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “are abominable to”
6506:16f9x2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyנַפְשֽׁ⁠וֹ1Here, **spirit** refers to **Yahweh** himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “him”
6516:17zib9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyעֵינַ֣יִם רָ֭מוֹת1Here, Solomon refers to pride as **uplifted eyes**, which is a characteristic facial expression of proud people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “pride”
6526:17c99krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionלְשׁ֣וֹן שָׁ֑קֶר1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **tongue** that is characterized by **falsehood**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a false tongue”
6536:17kpi4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyלְשׁ֣וֹן שָׁ֑קֶר1Here, **tongue** represents what a person says. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “speech of falsehood”
6546:17cip3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheוְ֝⁠יָדַ֗יִם1Here, **hands** refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and people”
6556:17vy22rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyשֹׁפְכ֥וֹת דָּם־נָקִֽי1See how you translated a similar phrase in [1:16](../01/16.md).
6566:18jq4trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheלֵ֗ב & רַגְלַ֥יִם1Here, **heart** and **feet** refer to a whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people … people”
6576:18ex5vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionמַחְשְׁב֣וֹת אָ֑וֶן1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **plans** that are characterized by **injustice**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “unjust plans”
6586:18jmu9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsאָ֑וֶן & לָֽ⁠רָעָה1See how you translated the abstract nouns **injustice** in [6:12](../06/12.md) and **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
6596:18l6zjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsמְ֝מַהֲר֗וֹת לָ⁠ר֥וּץ לָֽ⁠רָעָה1Here, Solomon speaks of being eager to do **evil** as if **evil** were a place that a person could **run to**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “eager to do evil”
6606:19d68trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionעֵ֣ד שָׁ֑קֶר1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **witness** that is characterized by **falsehood**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a false witness”
6616:19g2tzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorיָפִ֣יחַ כְּ֭זָבִים1Here, Solomon speaks of someone who lies easily as if that person **breathes out lies**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “easily lies”
6626:19avm1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוּ⁠מְשַׁלֵּ֥חַ מְ֝דָנִ֗ים1See how you translated **sends forth quarrels** in [6:14](../06/14.md).
6636:19k9xhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotationsאַחִֽים1Although the term **brothers** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “family members”
6646:20rk2nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismנְצֹ֣ר בְּ֭נִ⁠י מִצְוַ֣ת אָבִ֑י⁠ךָ וְ⁠אַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ תּוֹרַ֥ת אִמֶּֽ⁠ךָ1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Guard, my son, the command of your father, yes, do not forsake the law of your mother”\n
6656:20tpljrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorנְצֹ֣ר1Here, Solomon speaks of a **command** as if it were an object that someone should **Guard**. He means that he wants his son to remember to do what he has commanded him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar use of guard in [3:21](../03/21.md). Alternate translation: “Remember to practice”\n
6666:20u11drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesוְ⁠אַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ תּוֹרַ֥ת אִמֶּֽ⁠ךָ1See how you translated this clause in [1:8](../01/08.md).
6676:21y710rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismקָשְׁרֵ֣⁠ם עַל־לִבְּ⁠ךָ֣ תָמִ֑יד עָ֝נְדֵ֗⁠ם עַל־גַּרְגְּרֹתֶֽ⁠ךָ1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Bind them on your heart continually; yes, tie them around your neck”
6686:21qz2zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorקָשְׁרֵ֣⁠ם עַל־לִבְּ⁠ךָ֣1Here Solomon is speaking of remembering his commands as if they were objects that people could **bind** on their **hearts**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Remember them”
6696:21b76krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorעָ֝נְדֵ֗⁠ם עַל־גַּרְגְּרֹתֶֽ⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon is speaking of remembering his commands as if they were objects that people could **tie around** their **necks**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “remember them”
6706:22r61qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationבְּ⁠הִתְהַלֶּכְ⁠ךָ֨ ׀ תַּנְחֶ֬ה אֹתָ֗⁠ךְ בְּֽ֭⁠שָׁכְבְּ⁠ךָ תִּשְׁמֹ֣ר עָלֶ֑י⁠ךָ וַ֝⁠הֲקִיצ֗וֹתָ הִ֣יא תְשִׂיחֶֽ⁠ךָ1In this verse, Solomon speaks of the lessons he called “the command” and “the teaching” in [6:20](../06/20.md) as if they were a person who could **guide**, **preserve**, and **converse with** a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use similes. Alternate translation: “When you walk about, it will enable you to know what to do; when you lie down, it will enable you to be safe; and you will wake up, it will be advice for you” or “When you walk about, it will be like a guide for you; when you lie down, it will be like someone who preserves you; and you will wake up, it will be like someone who converses with you”
6716:22bvprrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorבְּ⁠הִתְהַלֶּכְ⁠ךָ֨1Here, **walk about** refers to doing one’s daily activities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “When you do your daily activities”
6726:22krtgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitבְּֽ֭⁠שָׁכְבְּ⁠ךָ1See how you translated the same use of **lie down** in [3:24](../03/24.md).
6736:23d41xrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultכִּ֤י1**For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is because”
6746:23u5p1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismנֵ֣ר מִ֭צְוָה וְ⁠ת֣וֹרָה א֑וֹר1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “the commandment is a lamp, yes, the law is a light”
6756:23itt0rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitמִ֭צְוָה וְ⁠ת֣וֹרָה1Here, **the commandment** and **the law** could refer to: (1) the commands of the father and mother, which are referred to in the previous two verses. Alternate translation: “my commandments … and your mother’s law” (2) good commandments and laws in general. Alternate translation: “what people command … and the rules people make”
6766:23p2mxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnounמִ֭צְוָה1Solomon is speaking of commandments in general, not of one particular **commandment**. If it would be helpful in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “the commandments”\n
6776:23lk32rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsמִ֭צְוָה1See how you translated the abstract noun “commandments” in [2:1](../02/01.md).
6786:23s8lqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorנֵ֣ר & א֑וֹר1Here, Solomon refers to the **commandment** and **law** enabling people to understand how to live as if they were a **lamp** and a **light** that shows people the path in front of them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “enables one to understand … enables one to perceive”
6796:23bjz1rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenounsוְ⁠ת֣וֹרָה1See how you translated this use of **law** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
6806:23llasrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsתּוֹכְח֥וֹת מוּסָֽר1See how you translated the abstract nouns “rebuke” in [1:25](../01/25.md) and **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
6816:23n5j2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionתּוֹכְח֥וֹת מוּסָֽר1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **rebukes** that are included in **instruction**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the rebukes that come from instruction”
6826:23wxd6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionוְ⁠דֶ֥רֶךְ חַ֝יִּ֗ים1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the way** that results in **life**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “and … the way that results in life”
6836:23ywhmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠דֶ֥רֶךְ1Here, Solomon uses **way** to refer to how people behave. See how you translated this use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
6846:24p7azrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goalלִ֭⁠שְׁמָרְ⁠ךָ1Here, **to** indicates that what follows is the purpose for the “commandments,” “law,” and “rebukes of instruction” referred to in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes indicates a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of keeping you”\n
6856:24sjp3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionמֵ⁠אֵ֣שֶׁת רָ֑ע1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **woman** who is characterized by **evil**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “from an evil woman”
6866:24sw14rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorמֵֽ֝⁠חֶלְקַ֗ת לָשׁ֥וֹן1Here, Solomon refers to the seductive speech of an adulterous woman as if it were **the smoothness of the tongue**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the seductive speech of”
6876:24ae9nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorנָכְרִיָּֽה1See how you translated the same use of **foreign woman** in [2:16](../02/16.md).
6886:25ty32rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsיָ֭פְיָ⁠הּ1If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **beauty**, you could express the same idea in another way, as in the UST.
6896:25rx3prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyבִּ⁠לְבָבֶ֑⁠ךָ1See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).\n
6906:25m7d2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוְ⁠אַל־תִּ֝קָּֽחֲ⁠ךָ֗1Here, Solomon refers to a woman seducing a man as if she could **take** him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and do not let her tempt you”
6916:25f4kmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitבְּ⁠עַפְעַפֶּֽי⁠הָ1This phrase refers to a woman using her **eyelashes** to look more attractive and seduce a man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly or use an expression that has the same meaning in your language. Alternate translation: “by glancing seductively”
6926:26o5j1rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultכִּ֤י1**For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do not do those things because”\n
6936:26xrolrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionבְעַד־אִשָּׁ֥ה זוֹנָ֗ה1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to refer to **the price** that a person pays to have sex with **a prostitute woman**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly or use a euphemism for this idea. Alternate translation: “the price to sleep with a prostitute woman”
6946:26p3jvrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknownכִּכַּ֫ר לָ֥חֶם1In this culture, **a loaf of bread** was inexpensive daily food. A **loaf of bread** is a lump of flour dough that a person has shaped and baked. If your readers would not be familiar with **bread** should could use the name of an inexpensive food that is commonly eaten in your country or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “inexpensive food”
6956:26iizqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitוְ⁠אֵ֥שֶׁת אִ֑ישׁ1Here, Solomon implies that this **wife of a man** is an adulterous woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but a married woman who commits adultery”
6966:26k5furc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorנֶ֖פֶשׁ יְקָרָ֣ה תָצֽוּד1Here, Solomon speaks of a adulterous woman causing the man she commits adultery with to die as if she **hunts** him the way a hunter **hunts** an animal. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “kills a precious life”
6976:27gzh2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionהֲ⁠יַחְתֶּ֤ה אִ֓ישׁ אֵ֬שׁ בְּ⁠חֵיק֑⁠וֹ וּ֝⁠בְגָדָ֗י⁠ו לֹ֣א תִשָּׂרַֽפְנָה1Solomon is using the question form to emphasize the truth of what he is saying. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Surely a man could not carry a fire on his chest and his clothes not be burned!”
6986:27-28s1udrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismהֲ⁠יַחְתֶּ֤ה אִ֓ישׁ אֵ֬שׁ בְּ⁠חֵיק֑⁠וֹ וּ֝⁠בְגָדָ֗י⁠ו לֹ֣א תִשָּׂרַֽפְנָה׃ & אִם־יְהַלֵּ֣ךְ אִ֭ישׁ עַל־הַ⁠גֶּחָלִ֑ים וְ֝⁠רַגְלָ֗י⁠ו לֹ֣א תִכָּוֶֽינָה׃1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Could a man carry a fire on his chest and his clothes not be burned? Indeed, if a man walks on coals then will his feet not be scorched?”
6996:27f8utrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfoהֲ⁠יַחְתֶּ֤ה אִ֓ישׁ אֵ֬שׁ בְּ⁠חֵיק֑⁠וֹ וּ֝⁠בְגָדָ֗י⁠ו לֹ֣א תִשָּׂרַֽפְנָה1Here, Solomon is referring to the negative consequences of committing adultery as if a man were burning himself with **fire**. Since this comparison is explained in [6:29](../06/29.md), you do not need to explain its meaning further here.
7006:27t3xyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnounאִ֓ישׁ & בְּ⁠חֵיק֑⁠וֹ וּ֝⁠בְגָדָ֗י⁠ו1Here, **a man** and **his** do not refer to a specific **man**. They refer to any person who does this thing. If it would be helpful in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “a person … on that person’s chest and that person’s clothes”
7016:27sew8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּ֝⁠בְגָדָ֗י⁠ו לֹ֣א תִשָּׂרַֽפְנָה1If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the fire not burn his clothes”
7026:27pt18rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוּ֝⁠בְגָדָ֗י⁠ו1Here, **clothes** refers to the person who is wearing those **clothes**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he” or “and that person”
7036:28r98zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionאִם־יְהַלֵּ֣ךְ אִ֭ישׁ עַל־הַ⁠גֶּחָלִ֑ים וְ֝⁠רַגְלָ֗י⁠ו לֹ֣א תִכָּוֶֽינָה1Solomon is using the question form to emphasize the truth of what he is saying. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Surely if a man walks on coals, then his feet will be scorched!”
7046:28tw8hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfoאִם־יְהַלֵּ֣ךְ אִ֭ישׁ עַל־הַ⁠גֶּחָלִ֑ים וְ֝⁠רַגְלָ֗י⁠ו לֹ֣א תִכָּוֶֽינָה1Here, Solomon is referring to the negative consequences of committing adultery as if a man were burning himself with **coals**. Since this comparison is explained in [6:29](../06/29.md), you do not need to explain its meaning further here.
7056:28fy6mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnounאִ֭ישׁ & וְ֝⁠רַגְלָ֗י⁠ו לֹ֣א תִכָּוֶֽינָה1Here, **a man** and **his** do not refer to a specific **man**. They refer to any person who does this thing. If it would be helpful in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “a person … then will that person’s feet not be scorched”
7066:28kf2lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitהַ⁠גֶּחָלִ֑ים1Here, **coals** refers to small pieces of burning wood that are often used for cooking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “burning wood pieces”
7076:29xlmjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileכֵּ֗ן1**So** here indicates that what follows explains the meaning of the statements made in the previous two verses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a fuller expression. Alternate translation: “In the same situation”
7086:29gh7krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismהַ֭⁠בָּא אֶל & הַ⁠נֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּֽ⁠הּ1Here, **going to** and **touches** both refer to someone having sexual relations with another person. This is a polite way of referring to something that is offensive or embarrassing in some cultures. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different polite way of referring to this act or you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same use of “enter” in [2:19](../02/19.md). Alternate translation: “is the one who has sexual relations with … one who has sexual relations with her” or “is the one who sleeps with … one who sleeps with her”\n
7096:29vc2lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesלֹ֥א יִ֝נָּקֶ֗ה1Here, Solomon uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “will certainly be guilty”
7106:29cmmurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyלֹ֥א יִ֝נָּקֶ֗ה1Here, Solomon uses **not remain blameless** to refer to the outcome of not being **blameless**, which is being punished for being guilty. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will not avoid punishment” or “will not remain unpunished”\n
7116:30fwq5rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsלֹא־יָב֣וּזוּ1**They** here refers to people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “People”
7126:30zfchrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnounלַ֭⁠גַּנָּב & יִגְנ֑וֹב &נַ֝פְשׁ֗⁠וֹ & יִרְעָֽב1Here, **the thief**, **he**, and **his** do not refer to a specific **thief**. These words refer to any person who steals. If it would be helpful in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “thieves … they steal … their appetites … they are hungry”
7136:30i4y9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisיִגְנ֑וֹב1Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply this word from the context, as in the UST.
7146:30kzrurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsנַ֝פְשׁ֗⁠וֹ1If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **appetite**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “how hungry he is”
7156:31jnq4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnounוְ֭⁠נִמְצָא יְשַׁלֵּ֣ם & בֵּית֣⁠וֹ יִתֵּֽן1Here, **he** and **his** refer to any person who steals, as indicated in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “But if someone is found … that person must repay … that person’s house that person must give”
7166:31ugylrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitוְ֭⁠נִמְצָא1Here. **found** implies not only discovering the thief but also catching him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “But if he is caught”
7176:31n1t7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוְ֭⁠נִמְצָא1If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But if someone finds him” or “But if someone catches him”
7186:31scwcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitיְשַׁלֵּ֣ם שִׁבְעָתָ֑יִם1This clause implies that the thief **must repay** seven times the amount of what he stole to those to whom he stole it from. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he must repay sevenfold the amount of things that he stole to those people he stole them from”
7196:31b9nsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomכָּל־ה֖וֹן בֵּית֣⁠וֹ1This phrase is an idiom that refers to everything that someone owns. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all that he owns”
7206:32nu7mrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrastנֹאֵ֣ף1This verse says something that is in contrast to what was said about the thief in the previous two verses. Use a natural way in your language to express a strong contrast. Alternate translation: “However, one who commits adultery”
7216:32s8mhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsנֹאֵ֣ף1If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **adultery**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “One who acts adulterously”
7226:32zkerrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyחֲסַר־לֵ֑ב1Here, Solomon uses **heart** to refer to a person’s ability to think. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is lacking the ability to think”
7236:32jhbbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructureמַֽשְׁחִ֥ית נַ֝פְשׁ֗⁠וֹ ה֣וּא יַעֲשֶֽׂ⁠נָּה1If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “he does what results in destroying his life”
7246:32a1pqrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultמַֽשְׁחִ֥ית נַ֝פְשׁ֗⁠וֹ1This clause is the result of what is described in the next clause. Use a natural way in your language to indicate a result. Alternate translation: “what will result in destroying his life”
7256:32r8fxrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsה֣וּא יַעֲשֶֽׂ⁠נָּה1Here, the pronoun **it** refers to **adultery**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he commits adultery”
7266:33mv0lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitנֶֽגַע־וְ⁠קָל֥וֹן יִמְצָ֑א וְ֝⁠חֶרְפָּת֗⁠וֹ לֹ֣א תִמָּחֶֽה1Solomon implies that these things will happen to the adulterous man because he committed adultery. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Because he committed adultery, he will find a wound and disgrace and his shame will not be wiped out”
7276:33m2lurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorנֶֽגַע־וְ⁠קָל֥וֹן יִמְצָ֑א1Here, Solomon speaks of the adulterous man receiving **a wound and disgrace** as if they were objects that a person would **find**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He will receive a wound and disgrace” or “He will become wounded and disgraced”
7286:33t4borc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsוְ⁠קָל֥וֹן & וְ֝⁠חֶרְפָּת֗⁠וֹ1If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **disgrace** and **shame**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “and be disgraced and how shameful he is”
7296:33xhjyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveלֹ֣א תִמָּחֶֽה1If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will never wipe out”
7306:33c8nhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesלֹ֣א תִמָּחֶֽה1Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “will always remain”
7316:33wuytrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorלֹ֣א תִמָּחֶֽה1Here, Solomon refers to the adulterous man’s **shame** never ceasing as if **shame** were a stain that could **not be wiped** away. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will not cease”
7326:34lyk4rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultכִּֽי1**For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why what Solomon stated in in the previous verse is true. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is due to the fact that”\n
7336:34q8d2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsקִנְאָ֥ה & נָקָֽם1If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **jealousy** and **vengeance**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “being jealous … being avenged”
7346:34w6nfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyחֲמַת־גָּ֑בֶר1Here, **heat** refers to extreme anger, which causes the angry person’s body to become hot. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is the rage of a man”
7356:34htuvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitגָּ֑בֶר וְ⁠לֹֽא־יַ֝חְמ֗וֹל1Here, **man** and **he** refer to the husband who has just found out that his wife has committed adultery. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a husband of an adulterous woman, and that husband will not spare”
7366:34qsy2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesוְ⁠לֹֽא־יַ֝חְמ֗וֹל1Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “and he will be merciless”\n
7376:34f6oyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisוְ⁠לֹֽא־יַ֝חְמ֗וֹל1Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he will not spare the man who slept with his wife”
7386:34rc71rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionבְּ⁠י֣וֹם נָקָֽם1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the day** when **vengeance** occurs. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “when vengeance occurs”
7396:35b2ymrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsלֹא־יִ֭שָּׂא & וְ⁠לֹֽא־יֹ֝אבֶ֗ה1In this verse, the pronoun **he** refers to the man who has just found out that his wife has committed adultery. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The husband of an adulterous wife will not life up … and that husband will not be willing”
7406:35fly2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomלֹא־יִ֭שָּׂא פְּנֵ֣י1Here, the phrase **lift up the face of** is an idiom that means “regard.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He will not regard”
7416:35pc8xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitכֹּ֑פֶר & שֹֽׁחַד1Here, the words **ransom** and **bribe** refer to money that a man would give to the husband of the woman he has committed adultery with in order to avoid harm or stop the man from being angry. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “money offered to appease him … that money”
7426:35w09zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisוְ⁠לֹֽא־יֹ֝אבֶ֗ה1Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he will not be willing to be appeased” or “and he will not stop being angry”
7437:intropk5f0# Proverbs 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n * Avoid temptation to commit adultery (5:1–23)\n * Practical warnings (6:1–19)\n * Adultery will be punished (6:20–35)\n * The Story of an Adulterer (7:1–27)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men.\n\n### Adulterous women\n\nThis chapter continues the theme about adulterous women and warns young men to avoid any adulterous woman, who is called “strange” and “foreign.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### The historic present\n\nTo call attention to developments in the story, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in [7:8–13](../07/08.md) and [21–22](../07/21.md). If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense]])
7447:1at6wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorתִּצְפֹּ֥ן1See how you translated the same use of **store up** in [2:1](../02/01.md).
7457:1e0ifrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsוּ֝⁠מִצְוֺתַ֗⁠י1See how you translated the abstract noun **commandments** in [2:1](../02/01.md).
7467:2a8m4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsשְׁמֹ֣ר מִצְוֺתַ֣⁠י וֶ⁠חְיֵ֑ה1See how you translated the same clause in [4:4](../04/04.md).
7477:2mzcbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisוְ֝⁠תוֹרָתִ֗⁠י כְּ⁠אִישׁ֥וֹן עֵינֶֽי⁠ךָ1Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply the word from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and keep my law as the pupil of your eyes”\n
7487:2sxxsrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenounsוְ֝⁠תוֹרָתִ֗⁠י1See how you translated **law** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
7497:2xfb2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomכְּ⁠אִישׁ֥וֹן עֵינֶֽי⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon refers to his **law** as if it were **the pupil of your eyes**. He means that people should value wise rules as much as they value their ability to see and protect their eyes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as your most valuable possession”
7507:3g5jvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorקָשְׁרֵ֥⁠ם עַל־אֶצְבְּעֹתֶ֑י⁠ךָ1Here, Solomon speaks of always remembering something, as if what should be remembered were an object tied to the person’s fingers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Remember them at all times”
7517:3wszlrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsקָשְׁרֵ֥⁠ם & כָּ֝תְבֵ֗⁠ם1In this verse, **them** refers to “my commandments,” which are referred to in the previous two verses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Tie my commandments … write my commandments”
7527:3c4yyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorכָּ֝תְבֵ֗⁠ם עַל־ל֥וּחַ לִבֶּֽ⁠ךָ1See how you translated this clause in [3:3](../03/03.md).
7537:4zi3rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismאֱמֹ֣ר לַֽ֭⁠חָכְמָה אֲחֹ֣תִ⁠י אָ֑תְּ וּ֝⁠מֹדָ֗ע לַ⁠בִּינָ֥ה תִקְרָֽא1These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Say to wisdom, ‘You {are} my sister,’ yes, call to understanding, ‘Kinsman,’”
7547:4hv4frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotationsאֱמֹ֣ר לַֽ֭⁠חָכְמָה אֲחֹ֣תִ⁠י אָ֑תְּ וּ֝⁠מֹדָ֗ע לַ⁠בִּינָ֥ה תִקְרָֽא1If it would be more natural in your language, you could express these two clauses as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “Say to wisdom than she is your sister, and all to understanding that she is your kinsman”
7557:4b9wfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsלַֽ֭⁠חָכְמָה & לַ⁠בִּינָ֥ה1See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).\n
7567:4jn44rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationאֱמֹ֣ר לַֽ֭⁠חָכְמָה אֲחֹ֣תִ⁠י אָ֑תְּ1Here, Solomon speaks of **wisdom** as if it were a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Value wisdom as if it were a woman to whom you would say, ‘You are my sister,’”
7577:4z4x8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationוּ֝⁠מֹדָ֗ע לַ⁠בִּינָ֥ה תִקְרָֽא1Here, Solomon speaks of **understanding** as if it were a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and value understanding as if it were someone whom you would call, ‘Kinsman,’”
7587:4j17kוּ֝⁠מֹדָ֗ע לַ⁠בִּינָ֥ה תִקְרָֽא1Although the term **Kinsman** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that could refer to any close relative. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “and call to understanding, ‘Family member,’”
7597:5xkl2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorמֵ⁠אִשָּׁ֣ה זָרָ֑ה1See how you translated **strange woman** in [2:16](../02/16.md).
7607:5y9ghrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisמִ֝⁠נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה1Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “to keep you from the foreign woman”
7617:5s251rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorמִ֝⁠נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה אֲמָרֶ֥י⁠הָ הֶחֱלִֽיקָה1See how you translated the same clause in [2:16](../02/16.md).
7627:6bs2wrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrasesכִּ֭י1**For** here introduces a story that Solomon tells in [7:6–23](../07/06.md) in order to warn his son against committing adultery. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a story. Alternate translation: “There was a time when”
7637:6qhy6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitבְּ⁠חַלּ֣וֹן בֵּיתִ֑⁠י1Solomon implies that he was standing **at the window** while looking out of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in the UST.
7647:6orkgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitבְּ⁠חַלּ֣וֹן בֵּיתִ֑⁠י1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **window** that is in the side of his **house**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “at the window that is in the side of my house”
7657:6v7n1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknownאֶשְׁנַבִּ֣⁠י1A **lattice** consists of thin strips of wood that cross one another in a slanted pattern and are placed over a **window** to partially cover it. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of **window** covering, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the window screen” or “the covering on the window”
7667:6ad5wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitנִשְׁקָֽפְתִּי1Here, Solomon implies that he was standing at a location that was higher than the street outside. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I looked down at the street outside”
7677:7ie51rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisוָ⁠אֵ֤רֶא בַ⁠פְּתָאיִ֗ם1Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the next clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And I saw a young man among the naive ones”
7687:7il3prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorבַ⁠בָּנִ֗ים1Here, **sons** refers to young men. It does not specifically refer to Solomon’s **sons**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “among the young men”
7697:7cwb9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyחֲסַר־לֵֽב1See how you translated this phrase in [6:32](../06/32.md).
7707:8i1klrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsפִּנָּ֑⁠הּ & בֵּיתָ֣⁠הּ1In this verse, **her** refers to an adulterous woman, as referred to in [7:5](../07/05.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the corner of an adulterous woman … that woman’s house”
7717:8v7v4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitפִּנָּ֑⁠הּ1Here, **corner** refers to the place where two roads intersect. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “her place at the intersection of two streets”
7727:8az9mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionוְ⁠דֶ֖רֶךְ בֵּיתָ֣⁠הּ יִצְעָֽד1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **way** that leads to **her house**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and he steps in the way that leads to her house”
7737:8ek8nrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tenseיִצְעָֽד1Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “he stepped in”
7747:9ttvdrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundבְּ⁠נֶֽשֶׁף־בְּ⁠עֶ֥רֶב י֑וֹם בְּ⁠אִישׁ֥וֹן לַ֝֗יְלָה וַ⁠אֲפֵלָֽה1Solomon provides this background information about the time period when the young man went to the adulterous woman’s house. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Now it was the time of the twilight breeze, in the evening of day, in the pupil of the night and darkness”
7757:9ho8xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitבְּ⁠נֶֽשֶׁף־בְּ⁠עֶ֥רֶב י֑וֹם בְּ⁠אִישׁ֥וֹן לַ֝֗יְלָה וַ⁠אֲפֵלָֽה1The phrases **twilight breeze** and **evening of day** refer to the time when **evening** begins, but **the pupil of the night and darkness** refers to the time later in the **night**. Together these phrases indicate it getting progressively darker as the young man goes to the adulterous woman’s house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the twilight breeze, in the evening of day, and even in the pupil of the night and darkness”
7767:9zn5nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorבְּ⁠אִישׁ֥וֹן לַ֝֗יְלָה1Here, the middle of **the night** is referred to as a **pupil** because the **pupil** is the darkest part of the eye. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the middle of the night”
7777:10g5f8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tenseוְ⁠הִנֵּ֣ה1Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “And behold, there is”
7787:10gfjzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠הִנֵּ֣ה1Here, **behold** is a term meant to focus the attention of the reader to what is about to happen next in the story. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use some emphatic term or expression in your language that would have this same effect. Alternate translation: “And pay attention to this: there was”\n
7797:10m3bjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisלִ⁠קְרָאת֑⁠וֹ1Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “who came out to meet him”
7807:10bu68rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוּ⁠נְצֻ֥רַת לֵֽב1The phrase **guarded of heart** is an idiom that refers to hiding one’s intentions or plans from other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use an idiom from your language. Alternate translation: “and she planned to deceive someone” or “and being wily of heart”
7817:11-12vkd81In these two verses, Solomon provides background information about the adulterous woman. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information.
7827:11p460rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tenseהֹמִיָּ֣ה & לֹא־יִשְׁכְּנ֥וּ1Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “was a loud … did not stay”
7837:11es4src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheבְּ֝⁠בֵיתָ֗⁠הּ לֹא־יִשְׁכְּנ֥וּ רַגְלֶֽי⁠הָ1Solomon is using one part of a person, the **feet**, to represent the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “she did not stay in her house”
7847:12akyjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructureפַּ֤עַם ׀ בַּ⁠ח֗וּץ פַּ֥עַם בָּ⁠רְחֹב֑וֹת וְ⁠אֵ֖צֶל כָּל־פִּנָּ֣ה תֶאֱרֹֽב1If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “She lies in ambush at one time in the street, at another time in the open areas, and beside every corner”
7857:12uo9hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnounבַּ⁠ח֗וּץ1The word **street** represents streets in general, not one particular street. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “in the streets”
7867:12hissrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitפִּנָּ֣ה1See how you translated **corner** in [7:8](../07/08.md).
7877:12dezcrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tenseתֶאֱרֹֽב1Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “she lay in ambush”
7887:12h64frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorתֶאֱרֹֽב1Here, Solomon speaks of the adulterous woman looking for a man to persuade to have sex with her as if she were preparing to attack someone by surprise. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “she waited to find someone she could persuade to have sex with”
7897:13l1icrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequentialוְ⁠הֶחֱזִ֣יקָה1**Then** here indicates that what follows is the continuation of the narrative from [7:10](../07/10.md), which Solomon had interrupted with background information in [7:11–12](../07/11.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could show reference to earlier events by translating this relationship by using a fuller phrase. Alternate translation: “After she meets him, she grabs”\n
7907:13lfsorc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tenseוְ⁠הֶחֱזִ֣יקָה & וְ⁠נָ֣שְׁקָה & הֵעֵ֥זָה & וַ⁠תֹּ֣אמַר1Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “And she grabbed … and kissed … she strengthened … and said”
7917:13vef7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomהֵעֵ֥זָה פָ֝נֶ֗י⁠הָ1Here, **strengthens her face** means that the woman had a facial expression that showed how shameless or impudent she was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar expression from your language or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “she had a brazen face” or “with a shameless expression on her face”
7927:14sa2mזִבְחֵ֣י שְׁלָמִ֣ים עָלָ֑⁠י1The woman implies that she has meat to eat at her home because someone who made **peace offerings** was allowed to keep some of the meat that was offered to Yahweh in the temple (see [Leviticus 7:11–17](../lev/07/11.md) and [1 Samuel 9:11–13](../1sa/09/11.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I have leftover meat from the sacrifices of peace offerings I made to Yahweh in the temple”
7937:14ei2grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitהַ֝⁠יּ֗וֹם שִׁלַּ֥מְתִּי נְדָרָֽ⁠י1Here, **vows** refers to the **sacrifices of peace offerings** that the woman promised to sacrifice to God. According to [Leviticus 7:16](../lev/07/16.md), the woman would have to eat the meat leftover from paying her **vows** by the end of the next day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I made the sacrifices I promised to give to God”
7947:15zhnirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisלְ⁠שַׁחֵ֥ר1The woman is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “I came out to diligently seek”
7957:15fys2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheפָּ֝נֶ֗י⁠ךָ1Here, **face** refers to being in the presence of the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your presence” or “where you are”
7967:16k6ltrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknownעַרְשִׂ֑⁠י1Here, **couch** refers to a platform that wealthy people would sit or lie on in order to rest or sleep. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of furniture, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “my place for resting”
7977:16bi4jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitמַ֭רְבַדִּים & חֲ֝טֻב֗וֹת אֵט֥וּן מִצְרָֽיִם1Here, the woman describes the **coverings** as being **colored linen of Egypt**, which is expensive and luxurious fabric. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “with coverings, which are expensive colored linen of Egypt”
7987:17g7k4נַ֥פְתִּי מִשְׁכָּבִ֑⁠י1Alternate translation: “scattered on my bed”
7997:17ibk7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknownמֹ֥ר אֲ֝הָלִ֗ים וְ⁠קִנָּמֽוֹן1This mixture of **myrrh**, **aloes**, and **cinnamon** consisted of pleasant-smelling substances that were mixed together and used like perfume. If your readers would not be familiar with these substances, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “with pleasant-smelling substances”\n
8007:18w7ylrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorנִרְוֶ֣ה דֹ֭דִים1The word translated **drench** refers to giving a baby a satisfying amount of milk. Here, the woman speaks about satisfying one’s sexual desires as if one were satisfying the thirst of a hungry baby. If it would be helpful in your language, your could express the meaning plainly or use a more general expression. Alternate translation: “let us satisfy our sexual desires” or “let us satisfy ourselves with lusts as a mother’s breasts fill her child with food”\n
8017:18h91xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitדֹ֭דִים & בָּ⁠אֳהָבִֽים1The words **lusts** and **loves** are plural here for emphasis. In this verse, both words refer to passionate sexual activity. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “intense lust … with intense love”
8027:19ykvprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitכִּ֤י1**For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why the woman thinks that it is safe for the young man to come with her, as she told him in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “We can do this because”
8037:19vc42rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitהָ⁠אִ֣ישׁ1Here, **the man** refers to the woman’s husband. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the man whom I married”
8047:19jib6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitבְּ⁠בֵית֑⁠וֹ1Here, the woman speaks of the **house** that she lives in with her husband as if it were **his house**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in our house”
8057:19lzodrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyבְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ מֵ⁠רָחֽוֹק1Here, **road** refers to a journey that would include traveling on a **road**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “on a journey to a far away place”
8067:20v65wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitצְֽרוֹר־הַ֭⁠כֶּסֶף לָקַ֣ח בְּ⁠יָד֑⁠וֹ1This clause implies that the woman’s husband will be gone for a long time because he took a lot of money with him when he left. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “He will be gone for a long time because he took the bag of the silver in his hand”
8077:20aop7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionצְֽרוֹר־הַ֭⁠כֶּסֶף1Here, the woman is using the possessive form to describe a **bag** that is full of **silver**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the bag full of silver”
8087:20zw96rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitהַ֝⁠כֵּ֗סֶא1The phrase **full moon** refers to the **moon** when it looks like a perfectly round disk in the sky, shining at its brightest. This occurs at the middle of each month. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the moon shining its brightest”
8097:20hel0rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitבֵיתֽ⁠וֹ1See how you translated this phrase in the previous verse.
8107:21rcm0rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tenseהִ֭טַּתּ⁠וּ & תַּדִּיחֶֽ⁠נּוּ1Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “She led him astray … she compelled him”
8117:21ev91rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsהִ֭טַּתּ⁠וּ & לִקְחָ֑⁠הּ & שְׂ֝פָתֶ֗י⁠הָ תַּדִּיחֶֽ⁠נּוּ1**She** and **her** in this verse refer to the adulterous woman who was spoke in [7:14–20](../07/14.md) and **him** refers to the young man whom she is seducing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The adulterous woman led the young man astray … that woman’s teaching … that woman’s lips she compels that man”
8127:21ptg3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorהִ֭טַּתּ⁠וּ1Here, Solomon speaks of the woman persuading the young man to do something as if she were causing him to change the direction in which he was walking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “She persuaded him”
8137:21lq2hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionבְּ⁠רֹ֣ב לִקְחָ֑⁠הּ1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to refer to an abundant amount of **teaching**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “with her abundant amount of teaching”
8147:21l3ntrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorבְּ⁠חֵ֥לֶק שְׂ֝פָתֶ֗י⁠הָ1Here, Solomon refers to the seductive speech of the adulterous woman as if it were **the smoothness of her lips**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with her seductive speech”\n
8157:21c6k6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitתַּדִּיחֶֽ⁠נּוּ1Here, Solomon implies that the adulterous woman compelled the young man to commit adultery with her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “she compelled him to go with her” or “she compelled him to have sex with her”
8167:22sscqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisכְּ֭⁠שׁוֹר אֶל־טָ֣בַח1Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “like an ox that is going to slaughter”
8177:22rvi9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileכְּ֭⁠שׁוֹר אֶל־טָ֣בַח יָב֑וֹא1Solomon compares the young man who does not know that he was going to die to **an ox** that was unknowingly going to be slaughtered. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he unknowingly goes to be killed”
8187:22qxqdrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tenseיָב֑וֹא1Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “he went”
8197:22pk4mrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariantsוּ֝⁠כְ⁠עֶ֗כֶס אֶל־מוּסַ֥ר אֱוִֽיל1The ULT is a translation of the Hebrew text for this clause. However, some ancient translations of this clause read “and like a deer to a trap.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
8207:22tal5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוּ֝⁠כְ⁠עֶ֗כֶס אֶל־מוּסַ֥ר אֱוִֽיל1Here, Solomon compares the man not being able to escape his death as if he were a **fool** who could not escape **correction** because he had a **chain** around his **ankle**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the language plainly. Alternate translation: “and he will inevitably die”
8217:22qrn6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsמוּסַ֥ר1See how you translated the abstract noun **correction** in [3:11](../03/11.md).
8227:23t5u4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitיְפַלַּ֪ח חֵ֡ץ כְּֽבֵד֗⁠וֹ1Here, **liver** refers to an organ in one’s body that one needs in order to remain alive. Solomon means that the **arrow** will kill whomever it strikes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “an arrow pierces his vital organs” or “an arrow kills him”
8237:23r6zrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileכְּ⁠מַהֵ֣ר צִפּ֣וֹר אֶל־פָּ֑ח1Solomon compares the young man who is quickly doing something that will kill him to **a bird rushing into a trap**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he quickly goes to be killed”
8247:23qgxorc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsהֽוּא1The pronoun **it** here refers to committing adultery. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “committing adultery” or “having sex with a married woman”
8257:23zvp5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomבְ⁠נַפְשׁ֥⁠וֹ הֽוּא1This phrase is an idiom that means that this person will die as a result of what he did. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an idiom with the same meaning from your language or you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it would cost him his life” or “it would kill him”
8267:24wen3rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrasesוְ⁠עַתָּ֣ה בָ֭נִים שִׁמְעוּ־לִ֑⁠י1**And now** here indicates a transition from the story of the adulterous woman and young man in [7:6–23](../07/06.md) to the call to pay attention that follows. See how you translated the same clause in [5:7](../05/07.md).\n
8277:24mtq9rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrasesלְ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽ⁠י1See how you translated this phrase in [4:5](../04/05.md).
8287:25l3s9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismאַל־יֵ֣שְׂטְ אֶל־דְּרָכֶ֣י⁠הָ לִבֶּ֑⁠ךָ אַל־תֵּ֝תַע בִּ⁠נְתִיבוֹתֶֽי⁠הָ1These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Do not let your heart turn aside to her ways; yes, do not wander into her tracks”\n
8297:25gk8crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאַל־יֵ֣שְׂטְ אֶל־דְּרָכֶ֣י⁠הָ לִבֶּ֑⁠ךָ אַל־תֵּ֝תַע בִּ⁠נְתִיבוֹתֶֽי⁠הָ1Here, Solomon speaks behaving like an adulterous woman as if one were turning **aside** to go on **her ways** or wandering on **her tracks**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated **ways** in [3:6](../03/06.md) and **tracks** in [2:15](../02/15.md). Alternate translation: “Do not let your heart want to do the things that the adulterous woman does; do not do anything that she does”
8307:25wm1hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyלִבֶּ֑⁠ךָ1See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
8317:26ncnbrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultכִּֽי1**For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do not do those things because”\n
8327:26umharc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnounהִפִּ֑ילָה & הֲרֻגֶֽי⁠הָ1In this verse, **she** and **her** refer to any adulterous woman, not one specific adulterous wife. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “an adulterous woman has caused … to fall … ones slain by such a woman”
8337:26xx9krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyחֲלָלִ֣ים1Here, **pierced ones** refers to people who have been killed, since people were often killed by being **pierced** by spears or arrows. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “dead ones”
8347:26hewmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorהִפִּ֑ילָה1Here, Solomon uses **fall** to refer to dying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “she has caused … to die”
8357:26xb2qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveהֲרֻגֶֽי⁠הָ1If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the ones whom she has slain”
8367:27h6jnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyבֵּיתָ֑⁠הּ1See how you translated the same use of **Her house** in [2:18](../02/18.md).
8377:27cs4src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitדַּרְכֵ֣י שְׁא֣וֹל1Although **ways** here is plural, it refers to the singular **house** at the beginning of this verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the singular form here. Alternate translation: “is the way of Sheol”
8387:27g21src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionדַּרְכֵ֣י שְׁא֣וֹל1Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **ways** that result in someone going to **Sheol**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is the way that lead to Sheol” or “is the way that cause one to go to Sheol”
8397:27ayvyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorדַּרְכֵ֣י1See how you translated **ways** in [3:6](../03/06.md).
8407:27ry42rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorיֹ֝רְד֗וֹת אֶל־חַדְרֵי־מָֽוֶת1Here, Solomon speaks of a man doing something that would result in his death as if he were going on a path that is **descending to the chambers of death**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “results in a man dying” or “causes a man to die”\n
8417:27fvmkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyחַדְרֵי־מָֽוֶת1This phrase refers to the place where people’s spirits go when they die, which was called **Sheol** in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the place where the spirits of dead people dwell” or “the place of the dead”\n
8428:introz8jj0# Proverbs 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n * Avoid temptation to commit adultery (5:1–23)\n * Practical warnings (6:1–19)\n * Adultery will be punished (6:20–35)\n * The Story of an Adulterer (7:1–27)\n * Wisdom benefits the wise (8:1–36)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Wisdom calls out\n\nThe addressee of this chapter is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters’ use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her, in contrast to the adulteress mentioned in chapters 5–7. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
8438:1qsc7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0# General Information:\n\nIn chapter 8 wisdom is spoken of as a woman who teaches people how to be wise. Many verses in chapter 8 have parallelisms. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
8448:1v9h5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDoes not Wisdom call out?0This question is used to remind the readers of something they should already know. Alternate translation: “Wisdom calls out”
8458:1i9hurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationDoes not Wisdom call out?0Here wisdom is imagined as a woman. If a language does not allow this kind of metaphor, other possible translations are: (1) “Is not wisdom like a woman who calls out?” (2) “Does not a woman named Wisdom call out?”
8468:1pt6prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDoes not Understanding raise her voice?0Here “Understanding” means the same as “Wisdom.”
8478:1k4ugraise her voice0Alternate translation: “speak”
8488:3z73ythe gates at the entrance into the city0In ancient times, cities usually had outer walls with gates in them.
8498:3nkc9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationshe calls out0This continues to refer to Wisdom, personified as a woman.
8508:4gv2w0# General Information:\n\nWisdom speaks to the people in verses 4–36.
8518:4jxm5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymymy voice is for the sons of mankind0Here “voice” represents the words that are spoken. Alternate translation: “my words are for the sons of mankind”
8528:4j5l1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe sons of mankind0This is metonymy representing all human beings. Alternate translation: “all people”
8538:5er9qnaive0inexperienced or immature
8548:5t3h2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounslearn wisdom0The abstract word “wisdom’ refers to what a wise person believes and to the way in which he acts. Alternate translation: “learn how a wise person acts” or “learn what it means to be wise”
8558:5bg5ryou must get an understanding mind0Alternate translation: “you must begin to understand things with your mind”
8568:6uv73rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochewhen my lips open0Here “lips” represents a person’s mouth, with which he speaks. Alternate translation: “when I open my mouth to speak”
8578:6a3zkupright0proper or just
8588:7s9bjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochemy mouth speaks0Here “mouth” represents a person who speaks. Alternate translation: “I speak”
8598:7f6mpwhat is trustworthy0Alternate translation: “what people should believe”
8608:7juy2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochewickedness is disgusting to my lips0Here “lips” represents a person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “wickedness is disgusting to me” or “saying wicked things would be disgusting to me”
8618:7hz9erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounswickedness0Here, **wickedness** represents wicked speech. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form.
8628:8am3krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethe words of my mouth0The “mouth” stands for the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “The things I teach”
8638:8btx5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphornothing twisted0Twisting a message is a metaphor for changing a true message into a false one. Alternate translation: “nothing false”
8648:9nn5rstraight0honest and clear
8658:9jyh4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymymy words are upright for those who find knowledge0This probably means that those who find knowledge will easily understand that the speaker’s words are upright. Here “words” represent a message or teaching. Alternate translation: “those who know what is right and what is wrong consider what I teach to be right”
8668:9f1c2upright0true and honest
8678:10w8ksAcquire my instruction rather than silver0Alternate translation: “You should try much harder to understand my instructions than to get silver”
8688:11wl6prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotationsFor Wisdom is better than jewels; no treasure is equal to her0Here Wisdom, personified as a woman, is not speaking. However, it is possible to make Wisdom the speaker here as well. Alternate translation: “For I, Wisdom, am better than jewels; no treasure is equal to me”
8698:12mj24rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationI, Wisdom, live with Prudence0Prudence is also represented here as a person.
8708:12b8xjPrudence0caution or good judgment
8718:12jk94rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsI possess knowledge and discretion0The abstract ideas “knowledge” and “discrete” can be expressed in other ways. Alternate translation: “I am knowledgeable and discreet” or “I know many things, and I am careful”
8728:12xcu8discretion0being careful about what we say and do; being cautious not to cause hurt or harm to others
8738:13rf21perverted speech0Alternate translation: “wicked talk”
8748:13gp8gperverted0turned from what is right
8758:14cnc2good advice0Alternate translation: “wise suggestions”
8768:14guc9advice0counsel that is given to help someone
8778:14sne9sound0good, reliable
8788:14w3jurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationI am insight0Here Wisdom is spoken of as if she were insight. Alternate translation: “I have insight”
8798:16hg7enobles0noblemen, leading members of important families in the nation
8808:17xz9hlove0This refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives.
8818:17e3jrdiligently0with careful and continued effort
8828:18k7hfWith me are riches and honor0Alternate translation: “I have riches and honor”
8838:18a275rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phraseslasting wealth and righteousness0This explains what is meant by “riches and honor.” This can be made clear with the connecting statement “therefore.” Alternate translation: “therefore, I will give lasting wealth and righteousness to those who find me”
8848:18q481righteousness0Alternate translation: “the ability to live in a right way”
8858:19eyc2My fruit0what wisdom produces or causes
8868:19rqy3my produce0the benefit or gain that wisdom causes
8878:20tks1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI walk in the path of righteousness0Living the right way is spoken of as walking on the right road. Alternate translation: “I live right” or “I do what is right”
8888:20rg74rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorin the midst of the paths of justice0This tells more of what is meant by “the path of righteousness.” Alternate translation: “I do what is perfectly just” or “I only do what is just”
8898:21mg4qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphortreasuries0storehouses for valuable things. Wisdom is spoken of as a woman who fills the storehouses of her followers with valuable things.
8908:22xu3pthe first of his deeds then0Alternate translation: “I was the first of the things he created then”
8918:23mh2dIn ages long ago0Alternate translation: “Very long ago”
8928:23v4tqages0The word “age” refers to a general, extended period of time.
8938:23mth7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsfrom the beginnings of the earth0The idea of beginnings can be translated in a less abstract way. Alternate translation: “from when God created the earth”
8948:25u2m1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveBefore the mountains were settled0“Before the bases of the mountains were put into place.” This can also be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Before God made the foundations of the mountains and put them into their proper places”
8958:26z5y4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationI was born0This is wisdom speaking about herself.
8968:26asn5was born0Alternate translation: “I was alive”
8978:27nk15rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationI was there0This is wisdom speaking about herself.
8988:27z8lxestablished0To establish something is to bring into being on a stable basis. Alternate translation: “created” or “made”
8998:27b5dbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwhen he drew a circle on the surface of the deep0This refers to setting a limit to how far someone in a ship at sea can see all around himself. Alternate translation: “when he marked on the ocean’s surface how far a person at sea can see in every direction”
9008:27ae6ethe deep0Alternate translation: “the ocean”
9018:28wnj8established0brought into permanent being
9028:28z2v2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewhen the springs in the deep became fixed0This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “when God fixed the springs in the deep”
9038:28zv8fthe springs in the deep0The ancient Hebrews thought that the ocean got its water from springs at the bottom of the sea.
9048:29pd76when he made his limit for the sea0“when he created the shorelines for the oceans. The “limit for the sea” divided the oceans from the dry land.
9058:29vk7fwhen there was set the limit for the foundations of the dry land0The Hebrew word for “earth” also often means “land.”
9068:29f3j9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewhen there was set the limit for the foundations of the dry land0This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “when God set the limit for the foundations of the earth”
9078:30ph2frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationI was beside him0This is still wisdom speaking. Wisdom now says she was right next to Yahweh, implying that she was his assistant in creating the world.
9088:30ky7xskilled craftsman0This is a person who has trained for years to make useful things very well, like furniture or houses.
9098:30k4ctrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsI was his delight0“I was what made him happy.” The word “delight” is an abstract noun that can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he was happy because of me”
9108:30a22nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomday after day0This is a way to express the idea of a habitual action or of a continuous condition. Alternate translation: “continually” or “the whole time”
9118:31pw91his whole world0Alternate translation: “the whole world he created” or “everything he created”
9128:31wnq9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe sons of mankind0This refers to human beings in general. Alternate translation: “the people he brought into existence”
9138:32ly1aNow0This is to focus the attention of the children to the conclusion of this lesson.
9148:32hwt3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationlisten to me0This is still wisdom talking about herself.
9158:32m6ibrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthose who keep my ways0Here “my ways” represents wisdom’s behavior. Alternate translation: “those who do what I teach” or “the people who follow my example”
9168:33ky6lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesdo not neglect0“do not disregard” Alternate translation: “be sure to pay attention to” or “be sure to follow”
9178:34i55jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismwatching every day at my doors, waiting beside the posts of my doors0These two phrases basically mean the same thing. Wisdom is described as having a home; possible meanings of **watching** are: (1) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s home in the morning in order to serve her, or (2) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s house for her to come and teach him.
9188:35z6lmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationfinds me0This is still wisdom talking about herself.
9198:36hfn9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationhate me0This is still wisdom talking about herself.
9208:36yl6trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithe who fails0The complete thought is, “he who fails to find me”
9218:36w73krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhis own life0Here “life” represents the person’s self.
9229:introy75r0# Proverbs 9 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n * Avoid temptation to commit adultery (5:1–23)\n * Practical warnings (6:1–19)\n * Adultery will be punished (6:20–35)\n * The Story of an Adulterer (7:1–27)\n * Wisdom benefits the wise (8:1–36)\n * Wisdom and folly (9:1–18)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Wisdom calls out\n\nThe addressee of chapters 8 and 9 is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters’ use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her.
9239:1m12arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0# General Information:\n\nThese verses begin a parable in which wisdom is imagined to be a woman who is giving good advice to people.
9249:1s64drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationWisdom has built0The writer speaks about wisdom as if it were a woman who has built her own house.
9259:2x5swrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyShe has slaughtered her animals0This refers to animals whose meat will be eaten in the dinner that Wisdom will give. Alternate translation: “She has killed the animals for meat at dinner” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
9269:2ywr6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitmixed her wine0In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. Alternate translation: “prepared her wine by mixing it with water”
9279:2h2zmshe has set her table0Alternate translation: “she has prepared her table”
9289:3p6e2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0# General Information:\n\nThese verses begin to give the message of Wisdom, who is personified as a woman.
9299:3akl3She has sent out her maids0These maids went out and invited people to come to the feast that Wisdom had prepared.
9309:3ugn5her maids0Young women or girls who are in the service of a respectable, adult woman, such as Wisdom.
9319:3n6hashe calls out0Alternate translation: “she loudly recites her invitation”
9329:3x798the highest points of the city0The invitation is shouted from the highest points so that it will be best heard by all the people.
9339:4h6sjWho is naive? Let … the one lacking good sense0These two phrases describe the same group of people, those who need more wisdom in their lives. Here the question is addressed to all such people. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is naive, let … anyone lacking good sense”
9349:4dj7mis naive0Alternate translation: “is inexperienced or immature”
9359:4s4daturn aside here0Alternate translation: “leave his path and come into my house”
9369:5h6ck0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the message of Wisdom.
9379:5n3eurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youCome … eat … drink0All of these commands are plural; Wisdom is addressing many people at the same time.
9389:5stm9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe wine I have mixed0In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. Alternate translation: “prepared her wine by mixing it with water”
9399:6b9marc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youLeave … live … walk0All of these commands are plural; Wisdom is addressing many people at the same time.
9409:6ejw3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorLeave your naive actions0Here naive actions are spoken of as if they were a place that a person could leave. Alternate translation: “Stop your naive behavior”
9419:6f53knaive actions0Alternate translation: “inexperienced, immature actions”
9429:6lpn8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe path of understanding0Here the process of understanding wisdom is spoken of as if it were a path that a person could follow. Alternate translation: “the manner of living that a wise person has”
9439:7x5sc0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the message of Wisdom.
9449:7vif7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismWhoever disciplines … whoever rebukes0These two phrases basically say the same thing.
9459:7kjm2a mocker0Someone who habitually mocks people. Alternate translation: “someone who says insulting things about other people” or “someone who likes to make other people look bad”
9469:7m22areceives abuse0Alternate translation: “receives harsh treatment”
9479:7g88gwhoever rebukes0Alternate translation: “whoever corrects”
9489:8fpc4Do not reprove0Alternate translation: “Do not correct”
9499:9c8r2Give to a wise person, and he … teach a righteous person, and he0These two commands actually represent conditional statements. Alternate translation: “If you give to a wise person, he … if you teach a righteous person, he”
9509:9y95jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismGive to a wise person … teach a righteous person0These two phrases basically say the same thing.
9519:9n1f2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitGive to a wise person0This refers to giving instruction to a wise person.
9529:10s7rg0# General Information:\n\nThese verses finish the message of Wisdom.
9539:10l6ylThe fear of Yahweh0See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md).
9549:11uv8irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethrough me your days will be multiplied0This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “I will multiply your days” or “I will cause you to live many more days”
9559:11wpx5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationthrough me0Wisdom, personified as a woman, continues to speak here.
9569:11rk9crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismyour days will be multiplied, and years of life will be added to you0These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are used to emphasize the great benefits wisdom has.
9579:11u5qfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoryears of life will be added to you0Wisdom speaks of years of life as if they were physical objects. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will add years of life to you” or “I will add years to your life” or “I will enable you to live longer” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9589:12z3ezIf you are wise … and if you mock0These two statements seem to mean that wise people gain advantages for themselves because of their wisdom, and mockers suffer because of their behavior.
9599:12zei6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoryou will carry it0This speaks of the consequence of one’s bad behavior as if it were a heavy load that one had to carry on his back.
9609:13q38drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0# General Information:\n\nThese verses begin to describe foolishness, which is also personified as a woman.
9619:13ix9arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationThe woman of foolishness0It is possible to translate “foolishness” as a description such as “A foolish woman.” However, if a language allows wisdom to be personified, as in the previous part of this chapter, it may also allow foolishness to be personified. Alternate translation: “The woman Foolishness”
9629:13lbv9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismshe is untaught and knows nothing0These two expressions basically mean the same thing, which is repeated to show how useless the foolish woman is. Alternate translation: “she does not know anything at all”
9639:13tk38she is untaught0Alternate translation: “she has not learned from experience” or “she is young and naive”
9649:15cqd1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwalking straight on their way0This seems to be an idiom for “thinking only of their own affairs” or “minding their own business.”
9659:16ck1nis naive0Alternate translation: “is inexperienced or immature”
9669:16rs92turn aside here0Alternate translation: “leave his path and come here”
9679:16zyq4she says0This is the foolish woman who was introduced in [Proverbs 9:13](./13.md).
9689:16lfx9those who have no sense0Alternate translation: “those who do not have wisdom” or “those who are not wise”
9699:17jsi6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorStolen waters are sweet, and bread of secrecy is delicious0The foolish woman speaks of the pleasure of stolen waters and bread of secrecy to tell men that if they sleep with her, they will have pleasure. This can be stated clearly in a simile: “You can enjoy me just as you enjoy water that you have stolen or bread that is secret”
9709:18kg4hthat the dead are there0Alternate translation: “that the men who have gone to her are now dead”
9719:18k1fhin the depths of Sheol0“Sheol” refers to the world of the dead.
97210:introfhy50# Proverbs 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 10 starts a new section of the book, which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, and wicked/righteous. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
97310:1i2ybrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0# General Information:\n\nMany verses in Chapter 10 are contrasting parallelisms
97410:1tab7The proverbs of Solomon0After the introduction of Chapters 1–9, Chapter 10 begins the collection of the proverbs; short sayings that teach wisdom.
97510:2ffz8accumulated0acquired over time
97610:3df3mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheYahweh does not let the soul of the righteous person go hungry0Here “soul” refers to the person. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes sure those who do what is right have food to eat” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
97710:4e3efrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyA lazy hand0“Hand” represents the strength and ability of a person. Alternate translation: “A person unwilling to work”
97810:4yly7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhand of the diligent0“Hand” represents the strength and ability of a person. Alternate translation: “person who works hard”
97910:6k7j2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomare upon the head0The “head” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “are given to” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
98010:6y4mbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymymouth of the wicked0The “mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “words the wicked speak”
98110:6k4dpcovers up0hides the truth
98210:7e1w8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyname0The word “name” represents a person’s reputation. Alternate translation: “memory”
98310:8e725come to ruin0Alternate translation: “be destroyed” or “be made useless”
98410:9ps6lcrooked0not straight; deformed; dishonest; deceitful
98510:10mi1krc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionHe who winks the eye0“Winking the eye” represents a secretive sign for being cruel to someone else. Alternate translation: “He who makes a signal with a gesture”
98610:10p957rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwill be thrown down0A person who is ruined is spoken of as if he were thrown down. Alternate translation: “others will ruin him” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
98710:11f47src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe mouth of the righteous0Here “mouth” represents what a persons says. Alternate translation: “The speech of a righteous person”
98810:11tv58rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnounthe righteous0This refers to righteous people in general. Alternate translation: “righteous people”
98910:11h2nyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoris a water spring of life0This person’s speech is spoken of as if it preserved living animals or people, as a water spring would do in a dry land.
99010:11bz8grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe mouth of the wicked covers up violence0That is, the wicked person appears to say harmless things, but plans to violent things against other people.
99110:11elp1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe mouth of the wicked0Here “mouth” represents what a persons says. Alternate translation: “the speech of a wicked person”
99210:11jt58rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnounthe wicked0This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people”
99310:12ph1arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationlove covers over0Love acts like a person who quiets trouble between people instead of stirring it up.
99410:13n8pkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyon the lips of a discerning person0“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “in what a sensible person says”
99510:13ww93rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya rod is for the back0“Rod” represents strong, physical punishment and “the back” represents the person who receives the punishment. Alternate translation: “a person who has no sense needs forceful punishment” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
99610:14ej72rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe mouth of a fool0“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words from a foolish person”
99710:15fd3src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhis fortified city0This represents wealth as a safe place. Alternate translation: “his safety”
99810:16im19rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe wage … the profit0These terms normally refer to the money a worker earns. Here they represents the results of either doing what is right or doing what is wrong.
99910:17k6n3There is a path to life for the one who follows discipline0Alternate translation: “The person who obeys wise instruction will have a long and happy life”
100010:17st2jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivebut the one who rejects correction is led astray0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but the one who does not obey wise instruction will not have a good life”
100110:18d6bjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhas lying lips0“Lips” represent what a person says. Alternate translation: “tells lies”
100210:19zc3arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotestransgression is not lacking0This phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “there is much sin”
100310:20h1pzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe tongue of the righteous person0“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “Whatever a righteous person says”
100410:20pvj4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoris pure silver0“Silver” represents valuable sayings. Alternate translation: “is extremely valuable”
100510:21h4rrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe lips of the righteous0“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “The sayings of a righteous man”
100610:21kp6knourish0cause them to develop or grow stronger
100710:23l951rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorWickedness is a game a fool plays0A game is an activity people do for pleasure. Alternate translation: “Fools find pleasure in wickedness”
100810:24xai5overtake0overcome someone
100910:25ci43rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe wicked are like the storm0Just as storm comes and sweeps everything away so wicked people will disappear.
101010:25v58hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoris a foundation that lasts forever0“Foundation” represents the base or a beginning of something that people build over. Alternate translation: “is a start for something that lasts forever”
101110:26fk5lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileLike vinegar on the teeth and smoke in the eyes, so is the sluggard to those who send him0“Vinegar” and “smoke” represent things that hurt a person’s teeth and eyes. Alternate translation: “Sending a lazy person to accomplish a task is irritating and unpleasant”
101210:26i1xhvinegar0a sour liquid used to flavor or preserve foods
101310:27rv8wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe years of the wicked0“Years” represent the time a person lives. Alternate translation: “the lifetime of the evil person”
101410:28pds2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe years of wicked people0Here “years” represent the time a person lives. Alternate translation: “the lifetime of the evil person”
101510:30ub25rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litoteswill never be overthrown0This can be stated as active and positive: Alternate translation: “will be secure” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
101610:31f7hyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyOut of the mouth of the righteous person0“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “From the righteous man’s words”
101710:31amx2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe perverse tongue will be cut out0“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “God will shut the mouths of people who say what is false” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
101810:32y79yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymylips of the righteous person know what is acceptable0“Lips” represent what a person says. Alternate translation: “righteous person knows how to speak acceptably”
101910:32ay8qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymymouth of the wicked0“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words of the wicked”
102011:introuk6v0# Proverbs 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 11 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
102111:1hzq7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0# General Information:\n\nMany verses in Chapter 11 are contrasting parallelisms
102211:1g3jtrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorYahweh hates scales that are not accurate0“Scales” represent measuring accurately in negotiating. Alternate translation: “God hates deceiving scales” or “God hates it when people are deceitful”
102311:1pe2qbut he delights in a precise weight0Here, **precise weight** represents accuracy in negotiating. Alternate translation: “but he delights in honest ways” or “but he is happy when people are honest”
102411:3rj24rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe treacherous0This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who are treacherous”
102511:4r538rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitWealth is worthless on the day of wrath0The “day of wrath” represents a specific event, such as the “day of Yahweh” or “judgment day” or “last days.” Alternate translation: “A person’s wealth will do him no good when God comes to judge”
102611:5lc4rmakes his way straight0Alternate translation: “has clear direction”
102711:5vhe9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe wicked0This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked”
102811:6v49jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe treacherous0This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are treacherous”
102911:6b5vythe treacherous are trapped by their cravings0Alternate translation: “those who do evil are captured by their passions”
103011:6rhq7treacherous0ready to betray trust; traitorous; deceptive
103111:7dz8xthe hope that was in his strength0Alternate translation: “the confidence he has in his own power”
103211:7zn33comes to nothing0Alternate translation: “disappears”
103311:8z4amrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe righteous person is kept away from trouble0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God keeps away from trouble the person who does what is right”
103411:8u873it comes0Alternate translation: “trouble comes”
103511:9r7vlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyWith his mouth the godless0“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “The words of the godless”
103611:11sim1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe city becomes great0“City” represents the community or people group. Alternate translation: “the people group prospers” or “the community becomes prosperous”
103711:11p4sdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyby the mouth of the wicked0“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words of evil people”
103811:13en2erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorkeeps a matter covered0“Covered” represents keeping things concealed as much as possible. Alternate translation: “does not tell” or “does not speak about the matter”
103911:14a9wqadvisors0those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors
104011:15j2ceone who hates giving0Alternate translation: “one who refuses to give”
104111:16bvh9ruthless people0people without pity or compassion; cruel people
104211:16h7rdgrasp for wealth0Alternate translation: “are greedy for wealth”
104311:17dxp9one who0Alternate translation: “a person who”
104411:18imr8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorsows what is right0To “sow” represents spreading out to gain more. Alternate translation: “spreads out what is right”
104511:18ln8arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorreaps the wages of truth0To “reap” represents acquiring or gathering in” Alternate translation: “will surely be rewarded”
104611:19ibb6the one who0Alternate translation: “the person who”
104711:19un2dpursues evil0Alternate translation: “chases after evil” or “seeks to do evil”
104811:20r5ltrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywhose hearts are perverse0“Heart” represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. Alternate translation: “who have wicked thoughts”
104911:21gh2arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litoteswill not go unpunished0This phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “will certainly be punished”
105011:22y2merc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileLike a gold ring … without discretion0A beautiful woman without discretion is compared to a useless and unsuitable golden ring in a pig’s nose.
105111:22fe2pwithout discretion0Alternate translation: “without common sense” or “who is foolish”
105211:24x29nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThere is one who scatters—he will accumulate even more0This is a metaphor for a person who becomes more wealthy by being generous. Alternate translation: “Some people give freely to others and yet become more wealthy”
105311:24v6x4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitone who scatters0You may need to make explicit that the person scatters seeds for crops to grow. Alternate translation: “one who scatters much seed” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
105411:24gmp8will accumulate even more0Alternate translation: “will gain even more”
105511:24p1q7withholds what he should give0This refers to a person who thinks that he can become rich by refusing to be generous.
105611:25q9vbwill prosper0Alternate translation: “will gain more”
105711:25lf1ithe one who0Alternate translation: “the generous person who” or “anyone who”
105811:26eb69the man who refuses to sell0This describes the person who hoards his wealth instead of helping those in need.
105911:26h1qprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorgood gifts crown the head of him who sells it0“Crown” represents the reward or award for the person who is willing to sell grain. Alternate translation: “good gifts are given as a crown of honor to him who sells it” or “the person who sells it is honored with many blessings”
106011:27k6ugThe one who diligently seeks0the one who seeks with careful and continued effort
106111:28q218rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwill fall0This is an idiom. Here “fall” represents destruction or failure. Alternate translation: “will be destroyed” or “awaits a bad future”
106211:28p1e2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similelike the leaf, righteous people will flourish0“Leaf” represents growth and prosperity. Alternate translation: “righteous people will prosper in the same way a healthy green leaf grows”
106311:28mf6vrighteous people will flourish0This means that righteous people will thrive or prosper.
106411:29p1pbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorinherit the wind0The “wind” is a metaphor for something that cannot be grasped or has no value. Alternate translation: “inherit nothing” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
106511:30q7ulrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe righteous person will be like a tree of life0A person who does what is right is compared to a tree that produces life as its fruit. Alternate translation: “Those who do right will bring life to themselves and others”
106611:30hlz7tree of life0See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:18](../03/18.md).
106711:31s8p9how much more0Alternate translation: “even more so”
106812:introx2lg0# Proverbs 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 12 continues the section of the book (Chapter 10–22) which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility and integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
106912:1ktr2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0# General Information:\n\nThe author uses parallelism throughout this chapter. Verses 1–15 contrast wisdom and foolishness.
107012:1r7h6Whoever0Alternate translation: “Any person who”
107112:1tz7mthe one who hates correction0Alternate translation: “the person who does not want to be told what to do”
107212:1nj5fis stupid0Alternate translation: “is foolish” or “is unwise”
107312:3nly2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveA person cannot be established by wickedness0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one can become safe and secure by doing what is wicked”
107412:3md5prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorcannot be uprooted0“Uprooted” represents being pulled out of the ground like a plant or a tree. This cannot happen to those who do right. Alternate translation: “are as stable as a tree with deep roots” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
107512:4wh4lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorA worthy wife is her husband’s crown0A crown represents the greatest honor a person can receive. Alternate translation: “A good wife is a sign of great honor for her husband”
107612:4ced6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileshe who brings shame is like a disease that rots his bones0A disease that rots the bones represents the spoiling of a person’s life. Alternate translation: “a wife’s shameful acts destroy her husband’s influence and happiness”
107712:6sw3src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe words of wicked people are an ambush waiting for a chance to kill0The deceitful things that wicked people say in order to harm other people are spoken of as if their words are waiting to kill someone by surprise. Alternate translation: “The deceitful things wicked people say are like a person who waits to kill someone by surprise”
107812:6n6s7the words of the upright keep them safe0Alternate translation: “the advice from an upright person keeps people safe”
107912:6au1hthe upright0Alternate translation: “the righteous person” or “the honest person” or “the just person”
108012:7qw8frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveWicked people are overthrown0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will overthrow the wicked people” or “People will remove the wicked people from power”
108112:7t5c3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhouse0The term “house” is often used figuratively in the Bible to refer to a person’s ancestors, descendants or other relatives. Alternate translation: “family” or “descendants”
108212:8hfu6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveA person is praised by how much wisdom he has0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will praise those who have wisdom”
108312:8hq69rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe one who makes perverse choices is despised0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will hate the one who always thinks evil thoughts” or “people will hate the one who takes good things and twists them into bad”
108412:10uxx4is cruel0Alternate translation: “causes suffering”
108512:11wl9hworthless projects0Alternate translation: “worthless plans” or “worthless tasks”
108612:12b6y1the fruit0This refers to a person’s actions and thoughts. Just as fruit on a tree shows what kind of tree it is, in the same way a person’s words and actions reveal what his character is like.
108712:13ak1yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyAn evil person is trapped by his wicked talk0“Trapped” represents being caught in a snare or being tricked. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The wicked things an evil person says will trap him” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
108812:14z5v9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyjust as the work of his hands rewards him0The phrase, “the work of his hands” represents work done by physical labor. Alternate translation: “just as the good work he does rewards him”
108912:15lr2lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomin his own eyes0This phrase represents the idea he has from his own observation, imagination or memory. Alternate translation: “in his own opinion”
109012:15wlp9advice0wise suggestions
109112:16n8pris prudent0Alternate translation: “is wise” or “has good sense.”
109212:18k26nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe words of one who speaks rashly are like the thrusts of a sword0The phrase, “thrusts of a sword” represents cruel words that hurt another. Alternate translation: “What a person says without thinking can hurt as much as if he stabbed with a sword”
109312:18avt2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe tongue of the wise0“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “what wise people say”
109412:18mpg6brings healing0Alternate translation: “comforts and heals”
109512:19wm6nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyTruthful lips last forever0“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “A truthful person endures forever”
109612:19r5qlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya lying tongue is only for a moment0“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the one who lies lasts only for a moment”
109712:20xs9wadvisors0those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors
109812:21d4ztrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesNo ill comes0The negative, “No” cancels out the idea of “ill” (bad things that happen). Alternate translation: “Good things come”
109912:22x3harc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyYahweh hates lying lips0“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “Yahweh detests those who tell lies”
110012:23qi9mconceals his knowledge0Alternate translation: “does not tell everything he knows”
110112:24j53hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe hand of the diligent0“Hand” represents what a person does -- his works. Alternate translation: “Diligent people”
110212:24ymw6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywill be put to forced labor0“Forced labor” describes what a person must do who is not free to do what he wants. Alternate translation: “will become a slave”
110312:25qts2Anxiety0uneasy feeling of fear or dread, worry
110412:25n82frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorweighs him down0“Weighing down” represents the idea of putting a very heavy load on a person so he cannot move freely. This phrase means to make a person sad or depressed. Alternate translation: “causes him to become sad or depressed”
110512:25z6n9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsbut a good word makes him glad0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **word**, you could express the same idea with the verb “speak.” Alternate translation: “but when others speak kindly to him, he is cheerful again”
110612:27gdt7would not roast their own game0“Game” means animals caught and killed while hunting. And “roast” is a way of cooking food.
110712:27vz9vprecious wealth0Alternate translation: “valuable treasure”
110813:intronh7k0# Proverbs 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 13 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
110913:1ugs5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyA wise son hears0Here “hears” represents listening in order to do it. Alternate translation: “A wise son obeys”
111013:1sy9crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywill not listen to rebuke0Here “listen” represents paying attention in order to do it. Alternate translation: “will not learn from rebuke” or “will not obey, despite rebuke”
111113:2zu98rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyFrom the fruit of his mouth0Here “fruit” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “From the words of his mouth” or “From what he says”
111213:2w883the appetite0the desire or liking for something
111313:2mgn1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe treacherous0This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the treacherous person”
111413:3xb3drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhis mouth0Here “mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “what he says”
111513:3bd6arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoropens wide his lips0Opening the lips represents speaking, and opening them wide represents speaking too often or too much. Alternate translation: “speaks a lot” or “talks too much”
111613:4c7ycThe appetite … the appetite0See how you translated this in [Proverbs 13:2](../13/02.md).
111713:4z2skcraves but gets nothing0Alternate translation: “strongly desires but gets nothing”
111813:4rj8jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe appetite of diligent people will be richly satisfied0Here “appetite” represents desire. Alternate translation: “diligent people will have a richly satisfied life” or “being diligent will make people richly satisfied”
111913:4z1wmdiligent people0people who work with careful and continued effort
112013:5i9t2repugnant0causing a strong feeling of disgust
112113:6gt48rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationRighteousness protects those0“Righteousness” represents a way of life approved by Yahweh. This quality acts like a person who protects. Alternate translation: “A way of life approved by Yahweh protects”
112213:6iac2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywho are faultless in their path0Here “path” represents how a person directs his life. Alternate translation: “who are faultless in their way of living” or “who live lives of integrity”
112313:6r21hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationwickedness turns away those who commit sin0Here “wickedness” represents an evil conduct of life. This quality acts like a person who turns away those who commit sin. Alternate translation: “wickedness turns sinners away from a successful path” or “wickedness ruins sinners’ lives”
112413:7z16hwho enriches himself0Alternate translation: “who makes himself rich”
112513:8mre8does not hear a threat0This could mean: (1) no one will threaten to steal from him because he has nothing anyone would want to steal or (2) he will not listen when people correct him because he has nothing to lose if they punish him. Alternate translation: “does not listen to rebuke”
112613:9ev8krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe light of righteous people rejoices0Here the light represents the righteous person’s life or good behavior, and rejoicing represents causing people to rejoice. Alternate translation: “The life of a righteous person is like a light that causes people to rejoice” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
112713:9ibt9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe lamp of wicked people will be put out0Here the lamp represents the life or behavior of wicked people, and “be put out” is an idiom that means that a fire is stopped. The lamp being put out represents either the person dying or the person’s life not giving any joy. Alternate translation: “the lives of wicked people are like a lamp whose fire will be stopped” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
112813:10c8hyPride only breeds conflict0Alternate translation: “Pride always causes conflict”
112913:10n32qlisten to0Alternate translation: “heed” or “follow”
113013:10ujq3good advice0suggestions that are helpful and profitable
113113:11u1q4Wealth dwindles away0Alternate translation: “Wealth decreases” or “Wealth slowly disappears”
113213:11i2l4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyworking with his hand0The phrase “working with his hand” refers to physical work instead of only mental or other types of work. Many people give physical work a low value. Alternate translation: “working with physical strength”
113313:11j3nnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphormake his money grow0Money is compared to a tree that grows. Alternate translation: “make his money increase”
113413:12v8h6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyWhen hope is postponed0Here “hope” represents the thing a person hopes for. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “When a person hopes for something but does not receive it for a very long time” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
113513:12gfi6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomit breaks the heart0Breaking a person’s heart represents overwhelming that person with sadness. Alternate translation: “it causes intense sadness”
113613:12k7pfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphora longing fulfilled is a tree of life0Someone receiving what they hoped for and becoming very happy is spoken of as if the fulfillment of their hope were a tree that gives life. Alternate translation: “a longing fulfilled is like a tree of life”
113713:12isa3tree of life0“a tree that gives life” or “a tree whose fruit sustains life.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:18](../03/18.md).
113813:13a5vyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivehe who respects the commandment will be rewarded0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will reward the one who respects the command”
113913:14uhi9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfountain of life0A fountain is a good source of water and here represents a source of life. Alternate translation: “a bountiful source of life”
114013:14h871rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorsnares of death0Here “snares” represent dangers that will kill. Alternate translation: “traps that lead to death”
114113:15r4virc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorbut the way of the treacherous is never-ending0Here a person’s behavior or conduct is spoken of as if it were a way or path that a person walks. A person being ruined by their own treachery is spoken of as if they are on a way or path that never ends. Alternate translation: “but the behavior of the treacherous will cause their own destruction”
114213:15up13rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe treacherous0This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the treacherous person”
114313:16g6vsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphora fool parades his folly0To “parade” means to display in front of everyone. Alternate translation: “a fool displays his foolishness to everyone”
114413:17h4grfalls into trouble0Alternate translation: “is unreliable” or “does something evil”
114513:17pfh6a faithful envoy0Alternate translation: “a faithful messenger” or “a faithful diplomat”
114613:18m4d7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounslearns from correction0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **correction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “learns when someone corrects him”
114713:19h11iis sweet0Alternate translation: “is a delight” or “brings joy”
114813:19fv8kthe appetite0the desire or liking for something
114913:20k77zwill suffer harm0Alternate translation: “will experience harm” or “will be ruined”
115013:21ddh8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationDisaster runs after sinners0“Disaster” is given human characteristics like the ability to run. Alternate translation: “Sinners have trouble wherever they go”
115113:21ecr7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiverighteous people are rewarded with good0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God rewards righteous people with good”
115213:22amv1his grandchildren0Alternate translation: “the sons of his sons” or “the children of his children” or “his descendants”
115313:22fi9crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea sinner’s wealth is stored up for the righteous person0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one who does right will receive the wealth that a sinner has stored up”
115413:23z3pxAn unplowed field0Alternate translation: “A field that is not prepared for food production” or “An empty field not ready for planting”
115513:23h46lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorbut it is swept away by injustice0“Swept away” represents completely removing something. This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “but injustice takes away that food” or “but unjust people take the food away” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
115613:24jp8ais careful to instruct him0Alternate translation: “makes sure to instruct him”
115713:25a593he satisfies his appetite0Alternate translation: “he has satisfied himself” or “he fulfills his desires”
115813:25azl9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe stomach of the wicked is always hungry0Here “stomach” represents the desires of a person. Alternate translation: “the wicked person is always hungry for more”
115914:introgbj20# Proverbs 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 14 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
116014:1r3rpbuilds her house0Alternate translation: “builds up her house” or “makes her house better”
116114:1tv3lhouse0This could mean: (1) this may refer to her actual house, that is the building she lives in or (2) this may refer to her family.
116214:1l2y8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochewith her own hands0The woman is represented by her “hands.” Alternate translation: “by herself” or “by the way she behaves”
116314:2qgn4The one who … the one who0Alternate translation: “The person who … the person who”
116414:2qnc4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwalks uprightly0“Walks” represents the conduct of life. Alternate translation: “conducts his life in a just and honest way”
116514:2we9sdespises him0Alternate translation: “grossly disrespects him” or “shows that he hates him”
116614:2c17iin his ways despises him0The word “his” refers to the dishonest man and “him” refers to Yahweh.
116714:3a16nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe mouth of … the lips of0The mouth and the lips both refer to what a person says.
116814:3ixb4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya rod for his back0The rod with which people will punish the fool by hitting him on his back for his foolish words is a metonym for the words that come out of his mouth. Alternate translation: “words that will cause people to punish him”
116914:3c2irthe wise0This word is plural. “wise men” or “wise people”
117014:3gru7will preserve them0Alternate translation: “will keep them from harm” or “will keep them safe”
117114:4w12sthe feeding trough0A “trough” is a container in which you put the food for animals.
117214:4e3k8an abundant crop0Alternate translation: “a good harvest”
117314:4diy9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyby the strength of an ox0“Strength” represents the strong work an ox can do. Alternate translation: “because of the work an ox does”
117414:5j6d2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiombreathes out lies0This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md).
117514:6wm35and there is none0Alternate translation: “and wisdom is not there” or “but he will not find wisdom”
117614:6ek6hcomes easy to0Alternate translation: “is easily found by” or “acquires without difficulty”
117714:6xv2jthe one who is discerning0Alternate translation: “the one who is wise” or “a person who has understanding”
117814:7ud4wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyon his lips0The word “lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “from his speech” or “with his comments”
117914:8e2qnthe prudent0a person who has good judgment or sense
118014:8vp9qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhis own way0The word “way” represents the conduct of life of a person. Alternate translation: “his conduct” or “how he lives”
118114:8vug2the folly of fools is deception0The foolishness of fools is that they think they are wise, when they are not.
118214:9m1s1when the guilt offering is sacrificed0“at guilt” or “at the guilt offering” The meaning behind this phrase is that fools do not apologize to God or men for the things they do wrong.
118314:9t24prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivebut among the upright favor is shared0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but the upright enjoy favor together” or “but God’s favor is experienced together among the upright”
118414:10xxe9its own bitterness0Alternate translation: “its own sorrow” or “its own sadness”
118514:10y94dno stranger0Alternate translation: “those who do not know him”
118614:11c5yprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe tent0The word “tent” represents everything that happens within it. Alternate translation: “the household”
118714:11d165rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorflourish0The word “flourish” means vigorous blooming of flowers and so represents anything that grows strongly. Alternate translation: “to do well and last long” or “to be healthy” or “to be very successful”
118814:12y8gwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThere is a way that seems right to a man0The word “way” represents the conduct of life a person follows. Alternate translation: “People think that the way they are living is the right way”
118914:13n7lprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorA heart can laugh0The word “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “A person’s feelings can show laughter”
119014:13j3ihbe in pain0Alternate translation: “experience pain” or “hurt”
119114:14a8j9The one who0Alternate translation: “The person who”
119214:14c5inrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwhat his ways deserve0The word “ways” represents a person’s conduct of life. Alternate translation: “what he deserves, based on how he lived”
119314:14qe8kwhat is his0Alternate translation: “what belongs to him” or “what he has a right to”
119414:15i558naive0inexperienced or immature
119514:15h73mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhis steps0Here the idea of footsteps represents a person’s behavior. Alternate translation: “his actions”
119614:16z79vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorturns away from evil0Here evil is spoken of as if it were a place. Alternate translation: “avoids doing evil”
119714:16dy6sconfidently dismisses0Alternate translation: “boldly ignores”
119814:17yez8is quick to become angry0Alternate translation: “becomes angry quickly”
119914:18j5kvnaive0inexperienced or immature
120014:18c2qlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyinherit foolishness0Here “inherit” represents having permanent possession of something.
120114:18aj35foolishness0The word “foolishness” is an abstract noun that represents foolish thinking and foolish actions.
120214:18rq9aprudent people0Alternate translation: “wise people”
120314:18spn1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorare crowned with knowledge0Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were a beautiful ornament worn on one’s head, such as a turban with jewels. Alternate translation: “wear knowledge as a turban”
120414:19b4i8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionbow down0This means to bend over to humbly express respect and submission toward someone.
120514:19e892rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyat the gates of the righteous0The word “gates” represents an entrance to meet with another. This means the wicked will have to wait for the righteous person and beg to enter his presence. Alternate translation: “to meet with the righteous person”
120614:20h5nsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe poor person is hated even by his own companions0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Everyone hates the poor person even his own neighbors”
120714:21fy3mThe one … the one0Alternate translation: “The person … the person”
120814:21d4gpthe poor0Alternate translation: “poor people”
120914:22m1cwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDo not those who plot evil go astray?0The assumed answer to this question is “yes.” Alternate translation: “Those who plot evil will go astray.”
121014:22ie8fwho plot evil0Alternate translation: “who make evil plans” or “who make plans to do evil things”
121114:22mmn3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsthose who plan to do good will receive covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness0The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “God will show himself to be trustworthy and faithful to his covenant to those who plan to do what is good”
121214:23k11fbut when there is only talk0Alternate translation: “but if you only talk” or “but when all a person does is talking”
121314:24dc97rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe crown of wise people0The word “crown” represents the highest achievement possible and visible to all. Alternate translation: “The reward of wise people”
121414:24u3bwthe folly of fools0See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 14:8](../14/08.md).
121514:25wkc7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiombreathes out lies0This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies”
121614:27c8u2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfountain of life0A “fountain” is a bountiful source of water and represents here the source of life. Alternate translation: “source of life”
121714:27r5t6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfrom the snares of death0A “snare” is a sort of trap used to hunt animals and represents something tricky and dangerous that will kill. Alternate translation: “from the trap that will kill”
121814:28vxf7the great number of his people0Alternate translation: “how many people he rules”
121914:28yp94the prince is ruined0Alternate translation: “the prince has nothing and his kingdom will fall”
122014:29n61rthe quick-tempered0a person who is quick to become angry
122114:30lqn3A tranquil heart0Alternate translation: “A peaceful mindset” or “An attitude that is at peace”
122214:30l819rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorrots the bones0The word “rots” represents the decay of a person and “bones” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be unhealthy in body and spirit”
122314:31k67rThe one who … the one who0Alternate translation: “The person who … the person who”
122414:31b6nzcurses0This means to express a desire that bad things will happen to someone.
122514:31xhv2the poor … the needy0Alternate translation: “a poor person … a needy person”
122614:31k2tdshows favor to0Alternate translation: “is kind to” or “helps”
122714:32t8grrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveis brought down by his evil actions0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “evil actions push over” or “evil actions destroy”
122814:33axk6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorWisdom rests in the heart0The word “heart” represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is in the attitude”
122914:33t41lthe discerning0Alternate translation: “a discerning person”
123014:33r61lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveshe lets herself be known0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “she makes sure people know her”
123114:33xi3xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationshe0The word “she” refers to wisdom.
123214:34dl6his a disgrace0Alternate translation: “brings shame upon to any people” or “should cause any people to be ashamed”
123314:35qjf7who acts prudently0Alternate translation: “who acts wisely” or “who makes sure bad things do not happen”
123414:35vi56the one who0Alternate translation: “the servant who”
123515:introl8720# Proverbs 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 15 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
123615:1x2lhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorA gentle answer turns away wrath0Causing a person to stop being angry is spoken of as if it were turning that person’s wrath away. Alternate translation: “Answering a person gently will calm that person’s wrath”
123715:1hu6mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorbut a harsh word stirs up anger0Causing a person to become more angry is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening anger. Alternate translation: “but speaking harshly causes that person to become more angry”
123815:2w6icrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheThe tongue of wise people compliments knowledge0Here the word “tongue” refers to the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “Wise people compliment knowledge when they speak”
123915:2sjz8compliments knowledge0Alternate translation: “makes knowledge attractive” or “uses knowledge correctly”
124015:2ncr7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe mouth of fools pours out folly0The writer speaks of fools’ mouths as if they were containers and of folly as if it were the liquid that filled them. When fools speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word “mouth” represents those who speak. Alternate translation: “fools are always speaking folly” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
124115:3w8rcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheThe eyes of Yahweh are everywhere0Here the word “eyes” represents Yahweh and emphasizes his ability to see everything. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sees everything”
124215:3bw6frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe evil and the good0The words “evil” and “good” refer to people. Alternate translation: “evil people and good people”
124315:4wt85rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyA healing tongue is a tree of life0The word “tongue” refers to speech. The writer speaks of the words of a person who says things that help and encourage others as if they were a tree that provides life-giving nourishment. Alternate translation: “Kind words are like a tree that gives life” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
124415:4eg2wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya deceitful tongue crushes the spirit0The phrase “a deceitful tongue” refers to speech that is deceitful or hurtful. The writer speaks of a person being hurt or in despair as if that person’s spirit were an object that words have crushed. Alternate translation: “deceitful speech causes a person to despair” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
124515:5kix4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounshe who learns from correction0The word “correction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he who learns when someone corrects him”
124615:5x86tis prudent0Alternate translation: “is wise”
124715:6h7yyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsthe earnings of the wicked person give0The word “earnings” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the wealth that a wicked person earns gives”
124815:7tk6trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe lips of wise people scatter knowledge about0The word “lips” represents what wise people say. The writer speaks of knowledge as if it were seeds that wise people scatter around when they speak. Alternate translation: “The speech of wise people spreads knowledge” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
124915:7wet2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochenot so the hearts of fools0This could mean: (1) the word “hearts” is synecdoche for the fools themselves and means that they do not scatter knowledge like wise people do. Alternate translation: “fools do not scatter knowledge about” or (2) fools do not have knowledge in their hearts, with “hearts” being a metonym for the thoughts. Alternate translation: “fools do not understand knowledge” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
125015:8a5ryupright people0Alternate translation: “people who live rightly”
125115:8fci9is his delight0Alternate translation: “pleases him”
125215:9ui9irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorYahweh hates the way of wicked people0The lifestyles of wicked people are spoken of as if they are paths on which those people walk. Alternate translation: “Yahweh hates the way that wicked people live”
125315:9pj1lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe one who pursues what is right0Being diligent to live rightly is spoken of as if it were chasing after right things. Alternate translation: “the person who strives to live rightly”
125415:10j3mwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoranyone who forsakes the way0Here “the way” refers to the way of righteousness. A person who stops doing what is right is spoken of as if he has stopped walking on the correct path. Alternate translation: “anyone who stops living rightly”
125515:10jus3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounshe who hates correction0The word “correction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the person who hates it when others correct him”
125615:11n1e2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletSheol and destruction are open before Yahweh0The words “Sheol and destruction” both refer to the place of the dead. Yahweh knowing everything about the place of the dead is spoken of as if it were open before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh knows everything about the place where dead people are” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
125715:11b6ifrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionhow much more the hearts of the sons of mankind?0This rhetorical question emphasizes that since Yahweh knows everything about the place of the dead, it is more obvious that he knows everything about the hearts of men. Alternate translation: “so he certainly knows the hearts of the sons of mankind!”
125815:11r3gzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe hearts of the sons of mankind0Here the word “hearts” represents the thoughts and motivations. The phrase “the sons of mankind” is an idiom for humanity. Alternate translation: “the thoughts of humans” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
125915:12dl8grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsThe mocker resents correction0The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The mocker hates when others correct him”
126015:12f5d9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithe will not go to the wise0It is implied that he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel or advice. Alternate translation: “he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel”
126115:13b4lvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheA joyful heart makes the face cheerful0Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “When a person is joyful, his face is cheerful”
126215:13dm7arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorcrushes the spirit0The writer speaks of a person being discouraged as if that person’s spirit were an object that is crushed. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 15:4](../15/04.md). Alternate translation: “makes a person discouraged”
126315:14d9uhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe heart of the discerning0Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The mind of the discerning person” or “The discerning person” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
126415:14k3ctrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethe mouth of fools feeds on folly0Here the word “mouth” represents the person. The writer speaks of fools desiring foolish things as if they ate foolish things. Alternate translation: “foolish people desire folly as if it were the food that they eat” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
126515:15r1ynAll the days of oppressed people are miserable0Alternate translation: “Oppressed people are miserable all of their days”
126615:15en6xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochea cheerful heart has an unending feast0Here the word “heart” represents the person. The writer speaks of a cheerful person enjoying life as if that person were celebrating a feast that does not end. Alternate translation: “the cheerful person enjoys life, as if he were celebrating an unending feast” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
126715:15m9lgan unending feast0Alternate translation: “a feast that never ends”
126815:16iix3with confusion0Alternate translation: “with anxiety”
126915:17via5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya meal with vegetables0The vegetables represent a small meal with very little food. Alternate translation: “a small meal” or “very little food”
127015:17ux23rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounswhere there is love0The word “love” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people love one another”
127115:17m9u4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea fatted calf served with hatred0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fatted calf that someone serves with hatred”
127215:17x4f2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya fatted calf0This refers to a calf that has been fed a lot of food so that it will become fat. Here it represents a delicious meal or a feast. Alternate translation: “a luxurious meal” or “a feast”
127315:17vw92rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounswith hatred0The word “hatred” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people hate one another”
127415:18p4jirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorstirs up arguments0Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **arguments**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “argue.” Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
127515:19awv2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe path of the sluggard … the path of the upright0The writer speaks of a person’s life as if it were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “The life of the sluggard … the life of the upright”
127615:19gy92rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe path of the sluggard is like a place with a hedge of thorns0The writer compares the lifestyle of the sluggard with trying to walk through a hedge of thorns. Both cause the person to suffer pain. Alternate translation: “The life of the sluggard is like a person trying to walk through a hedge of thorns”
127715:19zqz8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe path of the upright is a built-up highway0The writer speaks of the blessings that upright people experience in life as if they were walking on a smooth road.
127815:19c95zbuilt-up highway0This is a road that is wide, flat, and without obstacles or potholes.
127915:21itu5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe one who has understanding walks a straight path0The writer speaks of a person doing the right thing as if he were walking straight ahead on a path. Alternate translation: “the person who has understanding does what is right”
128015:22p1ybPlans go wrong0Alternate translation: “Plans fail”
128115:22et1uwhere there is no advice0Alternate translation: “when there is no one to give advice”
128215:22re1sadvisors0people who give recommendations as a guide to action
128315:22q31zthey succeed0Alternate translation: “plans succeed”
128415:23wg81a pertinent reply0Alternate translation: “a fitting reply” or “an appropriate answer”
128515:23jnm2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamationshow good is a timely word0This exclamation emphasizes that a word spoken at the right time is very good. Alternate translation: “a word that a person speaks at the right time is very good”
128615:24b9kbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe path of life leads upward … from Sheol beneath0The writer speaks of a lifestyle that results in life as if it were a path that goes upward towards life and of a lifestyle that results in death as if it were a path that leads down to the place of the dead.
128715:25h2dgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehouse0This is a synecdoche for the person’s household, property, and wealth.
128815:26h9s4the words of kindness are pure0Alternate translation: “kind words are pure” or “pleasant words are pure”
128915:28avu5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe heart of the righteous person ponders before it answers0Here the word “heart” is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. This represents the person who thinks. Alternate translation: “The person who does right ponders what to say before he answers” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
129015:28zzd4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil0The writer speaks of wicked people’s mouths as if they were containers and speaks of evil as if it were the liquid that filled them. When wicked people speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word “mouths” represents those who speak. Alternate translation: “wicked people are always saying evil things” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
129115:28zr4lthe mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil0It may be more natural in you language to translate all these words as either singular or plural. Alternate translation: “the mouth of the wicked person pours out all its evil” or “the mouths of wicked people pour out all their evil”
129215:29nq5qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorYahweh is far away from wicked people0The writer speaks of Yahweh not listening to wicked people as if he were physically far away from them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does not listen to wicked people” or “Yahweh does not answer wicked people”
129315:30msq2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe light of the eyes0The writer speaks of an expression of joy on one’s face as if the person’s eyes emitted light. Alternate translation: “A cheerful expression”
129415:30d2bgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochebrings joy to the heart0The word “heart” represents the person. This could mean: (1) the person who has a cheerful expression becomes joyful or (2) other people become joyful when they see someone with a cheerful expression. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be joyful”
129515:30hhj8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochegood news is health to the body0Here the word “body” represents the person. Alternate translation: “receiving good news makes a person feel good”
129615:31vet3you will remain among wise people0This could mean: (1) people will continue to consider you to be a wise person or (2) you will continue to enjoy the company of wise people.
129715:32l9cdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounslistens to correction0The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “listens when others correct him”
129815:33nhk9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsThe fear of Yahweh teaches wisdom0The words “fear” and “wisdom” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “When one fears Yahweh, he will learn to be wise”
129915:33t56gThe fear of Yahweh0See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md).
130015:33w2h2humility comes before honor0This means that a person must first learn humility before Yahweh will honor him.
130116:intromu2u0# Proverbs 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 16 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### King and royalty\n\nSome of these proverbs mention a king. As in other cases, this is intended to apply to all rulers.\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
130216:1bqu9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe plans of the heart belong to a person0Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “A person makes plans in his mind”
130316:1hf8arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfrom Yahweh comes the answer from his tongue0This could mean: (1) Yahweh speaks his answer to a person’s plans, which is a metaphor meaning that Yahweh determines the outcome of that person’s plans or (2) Yahweh enables a person to speak words about the plans that he has made.
130416:1j1hurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethe answer from his tongue0The person is represented by his “tongue” to emphasize his speech. Alternate translation: “the answer that he speaks”
130516:2m6lirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorAll of a person’s ways are pure in his own eyes0The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that everything he does is pure” or “A person judges everything he does as pure”
130616:2ky4trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyYahweh weighs the spirits0Here the word “spirits” represents people’s desires and motives. The writer speaks of Yahweh discerning and judging a person’s desires and motives as if he were weighing that person’s spirit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh judges the person’s motives” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
130716:4ccq1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsiseven the wicked for the day of trouble0The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “he has made even the wicked for the day of trouble”
130816:5lkb8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheeveryone who has an arrogant heart0Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “everyone who is arrogant”
130916:5cq2grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesthey will not go unpunished0The two negatives in this phrase strongly emphasize the positive. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will certainly punish them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
131016:6t6t9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsBy covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness iniquity is atoned for0The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant and trustworthy he forgives people’s sins” or (2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the sins of those who are faithful to the covenant and trustworthy” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
131116:6sn15rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorpeople turn away from evil0The writer speaks of people no longer doing evil things as if they were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “people stop doing evil things”
131216:7i6tche makes0Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes”
131316:8u992a large income0Alternate translation: “earning a lot of money”
131416:8a4dxwith injustice0Alternate translation: “with wrongdoing”
131516:9wyx2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyIn his heart a person plans out his way0Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “A person plans in his mind what he will do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
131616:9y8rtrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorYahweh directs his steps0The writer speaks of Yahweh determining the outcome of a person’s plans as if Yahweh were telling that person where to walk.
131716:10ak2qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyInsightful decisions are on the lips of a king0Here the word “lips” is a metonym for what the king says. Alternate translation: “What a king says are insightful decisions”
131816:10ul24rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehis mouth should not betray justice0The word “mouth” represents the king himself. Alternate translation: “he should not speak deceitfully when he judges”
131916:11hb1irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitHonest scales come from Yahweh0Yahweh requires justice and fairness when doing business. Dishonest people used heavier or lighter weights in their scales in order to gain more when buying or selling.
132016:11c4kdall the weights in the bag are his work0Merchants carried their weights in bags. This could mean: (1) Yahweh has determined how much every weight must weigh or (2) Yahweh is concerned with every weight that a merchant uses.
132116:12tie4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethat is something to be despised0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that is something that people despise” or “that is something that Yahweh despises”
132216:12yr8jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfor a throne is established by doing what is right0Here the word “throne” represents the king’s rule. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for the king establishes his reign by doing what is right” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
132316:13sfa1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochelips that say what is right0Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “a person who speaks the truth”
132416:14lfm4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorA king’s wrath is a messenger of death0The writer speaks of an angry king causing someone to die as if the king’s wrath were a messenger that he sends out to kill someone. Alternate translation: “An angry king can put people to death”
132516:15av7j0# General Information:\n\nVerse 15 contrasts with verse 14.
132616:15f1prrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorIn the light of a king’s face is life0The writer speaks of an expression of joy on the king’s face as if his face emitted light. Alternate translation: “When the king is cheerful, people live”
132716:15a5n5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similehis favor is like a cloud that brings a spring rain0The writer compares the king showing favor towards someone with a cloud that brings rain to make crops grow. Both promise blessing to those who receive them.
132816:16rgj4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamationsHow much better it is to get wisdom than gold0This exclamation emphasizes that having wisdom is much better than having gold. Alternate translation: “It is much better to get wisdom than to get gold”
132916:16bn5crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveTo get understanding should be chosen more than silver0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A person should choose to get understanding more than to get silver”
133016:17ffx6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe highway of upright people0The writer speaks of the lifestyle of upright people as if it were a well-built road, free of obstacles. Alternate translation: “The righteous way that upright people live”
133116:17a2qnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorturns away from evil0The writer speaks of avoiding or no longer doing evil things as if it were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “keeps them from doing evil”
133216:18qp3lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya haughty spirit0Here the word “spirit” represents the person’s attitude and temperament. Alternate translation: “an arrogant attitude”
133316:18yz53a downfall0Alternate translation: “ruin” or “failure”
133416:19s4fkspoil0goods taken in battle
133516:20zg3irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewhat they are taught0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what someone has taught them” or “what they have learned”
133616:21lrv9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe one who is wise in heart is called discerning0This person will have a reputation of being a discerning person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will call the one who is wise in heart discerning” or “The one who is wise in heart will have a reputation of being a discerning person”
133716:21hq6mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe one who is wise in heart0Here the heart represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The one who is wise” or “The one who is wise in his thinking”
133816:21w5lyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorsweetness of speech0The writer speaks of kind or pleasant speech as if it were something that tastes sweet. Alternate translation: “kind speech” or “pleasant speech”
133916:22y5uxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorUnderstanding is a fountain of life0The writer speaks of “Understanding” as if it were a fountain that continuously flows with water and which sustains the life of those who drink from it. Alternate translation: “Understanding is like a fountain flowing with life-giving water”
134016:23rbc8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe heart of a wise person gives0Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The thoughts of a wise person gives”
134116:23qa4qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymygives insight to his mouth0Here the word “mouth” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “makes his speech wise”
134216:23i4qnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyto his lips0Here the word “lips” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “to what he says”
134316:24r6efrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymysweet to the soul0Here, **soul** could mean: (1) it represents a person’s inward desires and pleasures. Alternate translation: “sweet enough to make a person happy” or (2) it can mean “throat” and is a metonym for a person’s tongue and ability to taste. Alternate translation: “sweet to a person’s taste”
134416:24ye3nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehealing to the bones0Here the word “bones” represent a person’s body. Alternate translation: “healing to the body”
134516:25v8l9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThere is a way that seems right to a man0The writer speaks of a person’s conduct or behavior as if it were a road on which the person is traveling. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that the way he is living is right”
134616:25es6xbut its end is the way to death0The word “its” refers to “way” in the previous line. This “way” is the road that leads to death.
134716:26fc7prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationThe laborer’s appetite works for him0The writer speaks of the appetite as if it were a person who works on behalf of the laborer. This means that the person who labors is motivated by his desire to eat. Alternate translation: “The laborer works to satisfy his appetite”
134816:26gb4lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationhis hunger urges him on0The writer speaks of “hunger” as if it were a person who urges the laborer to continue working. Alternate translation: “he keeps on working because he is hungry”
134916:27r16qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorA worthless person digs up mischief0The writer speaks of a person trying to find ways to harm other people as if that person were digging in the ground to find something buried. Alternate translation: “A worthless person looks for mischief as if he were digging for something in the ground”
135016:27sga2worthless0Alternate translation: “useless” or “wicked”
135116:27q5zkmischief0trouble
135216:27xs7mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similehis speech is like a scorching fire0The writer compares the way this person’s words hurt others with the way that fire burns things. Alternate translation: “he hurts people with his words, like a fire scorches the things it touches”
135316:28x2b5a gossip0a person who gossips or spreads rumors
135416:29mk94rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitA man of violence lies to his neighbor0It is implied that this man lies to his neighbor in order to get his neighbor to join him in violent actions. Alternate translation: “A man of violence entices his neighbor”
135516:29i6a5A man of violence0Alternate translation: “A violent man” or “A man who practices violence”
135616:29f3ddrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorleads him down a path that is not good0The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if they were a road on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “gets him to do things that are not good”
135716:29m8qsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicita path that is not good0The writer uses an understatement to emphasize how bad this path is. Alternate translation: “a very bad path” or “a terrible path”
135816:30p1tuThe one who winks the eye … those who purse the lips0Both of these are facial gestures which people might use to signal their plans to others. See how you translated “winks the eye” in [Proverbs 10:10](../10/10.md).
135916:30wy6wwill bring evil to pass0Alternate translation: “will do evil things”
136016:31aj89rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorGray hair is a crown of glory0The writer speaks of gray hair as if it were a crown. “Gray hair” is a metonym for old age. Alternate translation: “A person who has lived long enough to have gray hair is like one who wears a glorious crown on his head” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
136116:31y1amrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveit is gained0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a person gains it”
136216:32x3rgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorone who rules his spirit0The writer speaks of a person being able to control his own temper and emotions as if he ruled over his spirit like a king rules his people. Alternate translation: “one who controls his temper”
136316:33ei8crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe lots are cast into the lap0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A person throws the lots into his lap”
136416:33js5xthe decision is from Yahweh0This could mean: (1) Yahweh decides how the lots will land or (2) it is not the lots, but Yahweh who determines what will happen.
136517:introbr3v0# Proverbs 17 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
136617:1ecu4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyto have quiet0Here “quiet” refers to “peace.” Alternate translation: “to have peace”
136717:1p2y8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisthan a house full of feasting with strife0The words “to have” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “than to have a house full of feasting with strife” or “than to be in a house full of feasting where there is strife”
136817:3fh66rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThe crucible is for silver and the furnace is for gold0This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. Alternate translation: “The crucible is used to refine silver and the furnace is used to refine gold”
136917:3fi3ncrucible0a pot in which metals are melted at a very high temperature
137017:3aq7irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorYahweh refines hearts0This speaks of Yahweh testing people to help them stop being evil and foolish as if their hearts were a metal that Yahweh was refining to remove everything that is impure. Alternate translation: “Yahweh tests peoples’ hearts”
137117:4bar9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochewicked lips0The word **lips** can be translated as either: (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that come out from those lips. Alternate translation: “a wicked person” or “wicked talk” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
137217:4cj9src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomgives ear0This idiom means “listens.”
137317:4ef8irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochedestructive tongue0The word **tongue** can be translated as either: (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that the tongue produces. Alternate translation: “a destructive person” or “destructive talk” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
137417:5a5uerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe poor0This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor”
137517:5gs4irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounshis Maker0This is a name that refers to Yahweh. This is also an abstract noun that can be written as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who made him”
137617:5dj8brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitat misfortune0This refers to the misfortune of others. Alternate translation: “at others’ misfortune” or “at other peoples’ troubles”
137717:6y71irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorare the crown of0This speaks of older peoples’ grandchildren being a sign of honor for them as if their grandchildren were a crown. Alternate translation: “bring honor and respect to”
137817:6v99urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe aged0This refers to older people. Alternate translation: “those who are older” or “older people”
137917:7i2zeEloquent speech0Alternate translation: “Fine speech” or “Excellent speech”
138017:7clc1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochemuch less are lying lips suitable for royalty0This describes people lying as if it were actually their “lips” that were lying. Alternate translation: “even more it is not suitable for royalty to lie”
138117:8mi9yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileA bribe is like a magic stone to the one who gives it0This speaks of a person’s bribe working by comparing it to a magical stone or amulet. Alternate translation: “A bribe works like a magical stone for the one who gives it” or “A bribe works like magic for the one who is giving the bribe”
138217:8iq11rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwherever he turns0Here “turning” refers to the various things the person does. Specifically, this refers to the different things the person does by bribery. Alternate translation: “in whatever he does” or “in everything he tries to do by giving bribes” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
138317:9nk6kan offense0an action or word that has hurt him
138417:9r2e2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwho repeats a matter0This refers to bringing up a past situation in which a friend was hurt or offended. Alternate translation: “who repeats a past offense”
138517:9s8p6alienates close friends0Alternate translation: “causes people to stop being close friends” or “causes close friends to stop liking each other”
138617:10dra2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorA rebuke goes deeper into a person … than a hundred blows go into a fool0This compares how a rebuke effects a man of understanding to how a beating effects a fool. This speaks of the effect on these people as if it could be measured by the depth that it goes into them. Alternate translation: “A rebuke has more effect on a person … than a hundred blows have on a fool”
138717:10fs5vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsa person who has understanding0“a person who has good judgment.” The word “understand” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person who understands”
138817:10hy6ya hundred blows go0Alternate translation: “a beating of a hundred blows goes”
138917:11rz73rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsseeks rebellion0The word “rebellion” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “seeks to rebel”
139017:11zqf6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea cruel messenger will be sent against him0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a cruel messenger will come against him”
139117:11suj6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwill be sent against him0To be “sent against” someone means to be sent to harm them. Alternate translation: “will be sent to harm him”
139217:12fk5mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea bear robbed of her cubs0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a bear who has just lost her cubs”
139317:12j1lyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsin his foolishness0The word “foolishness” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “who is acting foolish”
139417:13p537rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationevil will never leave his house0Here “evil” is spoken of as if it were a person who would not leave the man’s house. Here the word “house” may be taken literally, but it is also a metonym for his family. Alternate translation: “bad things will continue to happen to him and his family” or “bad things will never stop happening to him and his family” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
139517:14e1bwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe beginning of conflict is like one who releases water everywhere0This compares how easily a conflict spreads to how spilled water flows everywhere. Alternate translation: “Starting a conflict is like pumping water and letting it run everywhere”
139617:14al2hhas broken out0Alternate translation: “starts”or “begins”
139717:15z95aacquits0justifies, declares someone not guilty
139817:16kk5nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy should a fool pay money to learn about wisdom, when he has no ability to learn it?0This rhetorical question emphasizes that the fool should not do this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “A fool should not pay money to learn about wisdom because he does not have the ability to learn it.”
139917:17az6zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicita brother is born for times of trouble0One of the purposes of a brother is to be there to help his brother or sister in times of trouble. Alternate translation: “a brother is there for times of trouble”
140017:18f3ydno sense0Alternate translation: “no good judgement”
140117:18r6wnbinding promises0This refers to promises that must be kept and are often a burden on the person who made them.
140217:19bpz3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitcauses bones to be broken0This means that someone will trip on the threshold and break bones, probably in their foot. Alternate translation: “is sure to cause someone trip and break their the bones in their foot” or “is sure to cause someone to trip and injure himself”
140317:20a3mirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywho has a crooked heart0The “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “who is deceptive” or “who is dishonest”
140417:20s659rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhas a perverse tongue0The “tongue” represents a person’s speech. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks wickedly”
140517:20qjp9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomfalls into calamity0“falls into trouble” To “fall into” something means to get into that situation. Alternate translation: “will have calamity”
140617:22b1n1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorA cheerful heart is good medicine0This speaks of a cheerful heart as being good medicine because it makes you feel better. Alternate translation: “A cheerful heart is like medicine that makes you feel better”
140717:22ga2prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyA cheerful heart0The “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “Being cheerful”
140817:22u1vhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya broken spirit0Here the “spirit” represents a person’s feelings and emotional state. A broken spirit refers to a poor emotional state. Alternate translation: “depression”
140917:22gei3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymydries up the bones0A person’s bones represent their physical health and strength. If a person’s bones dry up it means that they are very sick and unhealthy. Alternate translation: “makes a person unhealthy and weak”
141017:23r7p6to pervert the ways of justice0Alternate translation: “to prevent justice from being rendered” or “to pervert justice”
141117:24ba2erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorsets his face toward wisdom0This speaks of a person’s focus on acting wisely as if he were looking at wisdom. Alternate translation: “focuses on acting wisely”
141217:24r7wwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethe eyes of a fool are0This refers to a fool by his eyes to emphasize what he is focusing on. Alternate translation: “the fool is”
141317:24qef2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe ends of the earth0This speaks of a fool’s impossible dreams as if they were the ends of the earth to emphasize that they are unrealistic. Alternate translation: “strive for things that are as far from him as the ends of the earth” or “focus on impossible things”
141417:25cn74A foolish son is a grief to his father0This speaks of a son causing his father grief as if the son himself were “grief.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son brings grief to his father”
141517:25mw1tA foolish son … and bitterness to the woman0This speaks of a son causing his mother bitterness as if the son himself were “bitterness.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son … and brings bitterness to the woman”
141617:25t9yjwho bore him0Alternate translation: “who gave birth to him”
141717:25lm5jbitterness0emotional pain, sorrow
141817:26lw6wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesit is never good … neither is it good0These statements can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “it is always wrong … and it is evil”
141917:26wfd1the righteous person0Another possible meaning is “the innocent person,” anyone whom others have accused of a crime that he did not commit.
142017:26s7mgflog0whip severely
142117:26dj91rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounswho have integrity0The word “integrity” can be expressed with the adjective “honest.” Alternate translation: “who are honest”
142217:27je2brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicituses few words0This refers to the way he speaks. Alternate translation: “speaks with few words”
142317:28b5ayrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveEven a fool is thought to be wise0This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “People even think a fool is wise”
142417:28i81arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomkeeps his mouth shut0This means that he does not speak. Alternate translation: “does not speak”
142517:28q1jmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivehe is considered to be intelligent0This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “people consider him to be intelligent”
142618:introk5qz0# Proverbs 18 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 18 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
142718:1n34risolates himself0Alternate translation: “keeps away from other people”
142818:1vun3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationquarrels with all sound judgment0This speaks of a person disagreeing with sound judgment as if “sound judgment” were a person he fought with. Alternate translation: “he disagrees with all sound judgment”
142918:1r3yqsound judgment0Alternate translation: “good judgment” or “wise choices”
143018:2u731rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesA fool finds no pleasure in understanding, but only0“A fool does not care about understanding, but only about” This means the fool considers “understanding” the opposite of pleasure. Alternate translation: “A fool detests understanding and only finds pleasure in”
143118:2ey4yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitbut only in revealing what is in his own heart0This means that the fool only finds pleasure in telling other people what he feels and desires in his heart. Alternate translation: “but only in telling others what is in his own heart”
143218:2yp8rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywhat is in his own heart0The contents of a person’s heart refers to the person’s thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “what he thinks”
143318:3fw1yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationcontempt comes with him—along with shame and reproach0Here “contempt,” “shame,” and “reproach” are spoken of as if they are people who accompany a wicked man. This could mean: (1) people show contempt towards the wicked man and cause him to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “people feel contempt for him along with shame and reproach” or (2) the wicked man shows contempt for others and causes them to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “he shows his contempt for other people and causes them to feel shame and reproach”
143418:3ps5erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletshame and reproach0These two words have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize the “shame” felt by either the wicked man or other people.
143518:4izv2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismThe words of a man’s mouth are deep waters; & the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream0These two lines are parallel and it is implied that the man in the first line is a wise man. Alternate translation: “The words of a wise man’s mouth are deep waters; … the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
143618:4nv82rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe words of a man’s mouth are deep waters0This speaks of a wise man’s words being profound as if they were profound and as deep as deep waters. Alternate translation: “The words of a man’s mouth are as profound as deep waters” or “The words of a man’s mouth are deep and profound”
143718:4mk4jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochea man’s mouth0Here the man is referred to by his mouth to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “of a man”
143818:4mn87rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream0This speaks of the source of wisdom being plentiful as if it were a gushing spring. The gushing of the spring is spoken of as if it were a flowing stream. Alternate translation: “the source of wisdom is as plentiful as the water of a gushing spring”
143918:5fi7drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesIt is not good to … to the righteous person0These phrases can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “It is good to treat the wicked person as he deserves, and to be just to the righteous person”
144018:6p2qvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheA fool’s lips bring0Here the fool is referred to by his “lips” to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “what a fool says brings”
144118:6w2xdbring0Alternate translation: “cause”
144218:6zxu7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhis mouth invites a beating0This speaks of the fool saying things that cause people to want to beat him as if he were inviting them to beat him. Alternate translation: “his mouth makes people want to beat him”
144318:6z4iirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhis mouth0Here what the fool says is referred to as his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “what he says”
144418:7iwj7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyA fool’s mouth … with his lips0Both of these phrases refer to what a fool says. Alternate translation: “What a fool says … by what he says”
144518:7v6huis his ruin0Alternate translation: “will ruin him”
144618:7e4r4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe ensnares himself0This speaks of the man causing problems and trouble for himself as if he were trapping himself like a man traps an animal. Alternate translation: “he will cause problems for himself”
144718:8iu3yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe words of a gossip are like delicious morsels0This speaks of the words of a gossip being desirable to listen to as if they were delicious food to eat. Alternate translation: “The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to” or
144818:8vd95rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionThe words of a gossip0This refers to what a gossiping person says. Alternate translation: “The words that a gossiping person speaks”
144918:8lms4morsels0small bites of food
145018:8mr15rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthey go down into the inner parts of the body0This speaks of the words of a gossip going into a person’s mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. Alternate translation: “and they enter a person’s mind and affect his thoughts”
145118:9uih2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorone who is slack in his work is a brother to the one who destroys0This speaks of the one who is slack being similar to the one who destroys as if they were actually related. Alternate translation: “is closely related to” or “is very similar to”
145218:9i66jis slack0Alternate translation: “is lazy” or “is not interested”
145318:9mch5the one who destroys the most0Alternate translation: “the one who destroys everything” or “the one who is always destructive”
145418:10ktq8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe name of Yahweh is a strong tower0This speaks of Yahweh protecting his people as if he were a strong tower in which they could take refuge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh protects like a strong tower” or “Yahweh protects his people like a strong tower”
145518:10f4nmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe name of Yahweh0Here Yahweh is referred to by his name. Alternate translation: “Yahweh”
145618:10dtz5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe righteous0This refers to righteous people. Alternate translation: “those who are righteous” or “righteous people”
145718:10gkx2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorruns into it and is safe0This speaks of people seeking safety from Yahweh and Yahweh protecting them as if he were a strong tower that they ran into for safety. Alternate translation: “run to him and they are safe” or “seek him and they are safe”
145818:11vhu8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe wealth of the rich is his fortified city0This speaks of a rich person depending on his wealth as if his wealth were a fortified wall that protects him. Alternate translation: “The wealthy person depends on his wealth as a city depends on its fortified wall”
145918:11bgq7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe rich0This refers to people who are rich. Alternate translation: “the rich person”
146018:11tz4bfortified city0a city with strong defenses like walls and towers
146118:11kei5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similein his imagination it is like a high wall0This speaks of the rich person believing his wealth will keep him safe like a high wall keeps those inside a city safe. Alternate translation: “he thinks it protects him as well as a high wall”
146218:12r28eBefore his downfall a person’s heart is proud0Alternate translation: “First a person’s heart is proud, but then comes his downfall”
146318:12uet1downfall0This refers to a significant decline in a person’s reputation or health.
146418:12t2l5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochea person’s heart0Here a person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “a person”
146518:12dy4xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounshumility comes before honor0The word “humility” may be expressed as an adjective and the word “honor” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person must be humble before he can be honored”
146618:13cj6qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsit is his folly and shame0The abstract nouns “folly” and “shame” may be expressed as adjectives. Alternate translation: “it is foolish of him, and he should be ashamed”
146718:14jnm1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheA person’s spirit will survive sickness0Here a person is referred to by his spirit to emphasize his attitude. Alternate translation: “A person who is hopeful will survive sickness” or “If a person is full of hope in his inner being, he will survive being sick”
146818:14v3f4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionbut a broken spirit who can bear it?0This is a rhetorical question, expecting the answer that few can bear it. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “but it is very hard to bear a broken spirit.”
146918:14b1vbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idioma broken spirit0This refers to being depressed. Alternate translation: “being depressed”
147018:15e4fmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheThe heart of the intelligent acquires0Here the intelligent person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his desires. Alternate translation: “The intelligent desire to acquire”
147118:15p7l8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe intelligent0This refers to people who are intelligent. Alternate translation: “those who are intelligent” or “intelligent people”
147218:15ptl8acquires0Alternate translation: “gains” or “obtains”
147318:15xwh7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe hearing of the wise seeks it out0Here the wise person is referred to by his hearing to emphasize what he desires to listen to. Alternate translation: “the wise seeks to learn about it”
147418:15a1barc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe wise0This refers to people who are wise. Alternate translation: “those who are wise” or “wise people”
147518:15enq3seeks it out0Here the word “it” refers to “knowledge”
147618:16zkj3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiommay open the way0Here to “open the way” means to create an opportunity. Alternate translation: “may create an opportunity for him”
147718:16wr8frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiombring him before0This means to be allowed to see someone. Alternate translation: “let him meet” or “let him be introduced to”
147818:17ct71rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalThe first to plead his case0This refers to the person who pleads his case before his opponent pleads his case. Alternate translation: “The first person to plead his case” or “The person who pleads his case first” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
147918:18qs89Casting the lot0Alternate translation: “Casting lots”
148018:18n3hkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitseparates strong opponents0This refers to people who are fighting harshly over a dispute. When they are separated, they are no longer fighting over their dispute. Alternate translation: “causes opponents to stop fighting over their dispute”
148118:19dcj5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorAn offended brother is harder to be won than a strong city0This speaks of the difficulty of making peace with a brother you have offended by comparing it to the difficulty of winning a war against a strong city. Alternate translation: “If you offend your brother, finding a way to have peace with him again may be harder than waging a battle to win a city”
148218:19zq5yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similequarreling is like the bars of a castle0This speaks of the difficulty of resolving quarreling by comparing it to the difficulty of breaking down the bars of a castle. Alternate translation: “resolving quarreling is as difficult as breaking down the bars of a castle”
148318:19ef13castle0a fortified palace
148418:20qaf4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismFrom the fruit of his mouth one’s stomach is filled; with the harvest of his lips he is satisfied0These two lines have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize what is said. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “A person is satisfied by the results of the good things that he says”
148518:20h4trrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe fruit of his mouth0This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that came from his mouth. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words”
148618:20p1z6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorone’s stomach is filled0This speaks of a person being satisfied or content by the result of what they have said as if they had eaten and become satisfied” Alternate translation: “a person is satisfied”
148718:20r4eerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe harvest of his lips0This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that is harvested. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words”
148818:20x66the is satisfied0Alternate translation: “he is pleased”
148918:21flt4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveDeath and life are controlled by the tongue0This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “The tongue can lead to life of death” or “What people say can lead to life or death”
149018:21n65frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyby the tongue … love the tongue0Here the “tongue” refers to speech. Alternate translation: “by what people say … love speaking”
149118:21l141rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwill eat its fruit0This speaks of a person receiving the consequence for what he says as if the consequences were fruit that he receives. Alternate translation: “will receive its consequences”
149218:24wg3nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivemany friends is brought to ruin by them0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “many friends--they will bring him to ruin” or “many friends--his friends will destroy him”
149318:24zc7fcomes closer than0Alternate translation: “is more faithful than” or “stays more loyal than”
149419:intronbz80# Proverbs 19 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 19 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
149519:1ev8nBetter is a poor person0Alternate translation: “It is better to be a poor person”
149619:1bpi4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwho walks in his integrity0This is an idiom. Here walking refers to living. Alternate translation: “who lives in his integrity” or “who lives an honest life”
149719:1wj4irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsis perverse in speech0The word “speech” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks in an evil way”
149819:2u1ujrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitto have desire without knowledge0This refers to people trying to do something without the knowledge for how to correctly do it. Alternate translation: “to work hard without knowing what you are doing”
149919:2f2purc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe one who runs too fast misses the path0This speaks of a person doing something too quickly and making mistakes as if running too quickly and missing the path. Alternate translation: “the one who acts too quickly makes mistakes” or “the one who acts too quickly makes poor choices”
150019:3ivv9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehis heart rages0Here a person is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions. Alternate translation: “he rages”
150119:4q8uvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitWealth adds many friends0This means that a person who is wealthy will have many friends because wealth attracts people. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who are wealthy easily find many friends”
150219:4v5qyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicita poor person is separated from his friends0A poor person is separated from many of his friends because of his poverty. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “poverty causes a person to lose his friends”
150319:5l99erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegativesA false witness will not go unpunished0This can be written in positive and active form. Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
150419:5i2wsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litoteshe who breathes out lies will not escape0This means that he will be captured. Alternate translation: “they will capture the one who breathes out lies”
150519:5q13jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiombreathes out lies0This is an idiom. Here “breathes” refers to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies”
150619:6gms6a generous person0someone who often gives away things
150719:6q978rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleeveryone is a friend0The word “everyone” is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “it seems that everyone is a friend” or “almost everyone is a friend”
150819:7vs3irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithow much more do his friends who go far away from him!0This phrase is an exclamation to show that this is more likely than the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “therefore his friends will certainly hate him and go far away from him!”
150919:8ll4qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyloves his own life0Here the person is referred to by his “life” to emphasize himself being alive. Alternate translation: “loves himself”
151019:8v9e9keeps understanding0Alternate translation: “has understanding”
151119:9phm9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegativesA false witness will not go unpunished0This can be written in positive and active form. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:5](../19/05.md). Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
151219:9a1nmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiombreathes out lies0This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies”
151319:10f4znIt is not fitting0Alternate translation: “It is not right”
151419:10pq5qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsismuch less for a slave0The words “it is” and “fitting” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “it is much less fitting for a slave” or “it is even worse for a slave”
151519:11ah27Discretion makes a person slow to anger0Alternate translation: “A person who has discretion is slow to become angry”
151619:11j1liDiscretion0This means to know what should be done in a particular situation. See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md).
151719:11p96cit is his glory to overlook0Alternate translation: “it will bring him glory to overlook” or “others will consider it honorable if he overlooks”
151819:11gc21to overlook0to forget on purpose
151919:12vbv5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe wrath of the king is like the roaring of a young lion0Here the lion’s roaring refers to attacking. The wrath of a king is compared to the unpredictable and dangerous attack of a young lion. Alternate translation: “The wrath of the king is as dangerous as the attack of a young lion” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
152019:12m29grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similebut his favor is like dew on the grass0The favor of the king is compared to the refreshing water that appears on grass in the morning. Alternate translation: “but his favor is refreshing like dew on grass” or “but his favor is refreshing like the dew on the ground in the morning”
152119:13v325is ruin to his father0Alternate translation: “will ruin a father”
152219:13s1nwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphora quarreling wife is a constant dripping of water0This speaks of an annoying wife as if she were the constant dripping of water. Alternate translation: “a quarreling wife is as annoying and distracting as a constant dripping of water”
152319:13l7wka quarreling wife0Alternate translation: “an arguing wife” or “a disagreeing wife”
152419:14t54qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveA house and wealth are inherited from parents0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Children inherit a house and wealth from their parents”
152519:14csr4prudent0See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md).
152619:14jw8qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea prudent wife is from Yahweh0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gives a prudent wife”
152719:15ye6vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationLaziness throws a person into a deep sleep0This speaks of how laziness causes a person to sleep a lot as if laziness forcefully throws the person into sleep. Alternate translation: “Laziness makes a person sleep a lot” or “A lazy person sleeps a lot”
152819:15jcb5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomgo hungry0This is an idiom which means to not eat. Alternate translation: “not eat” or “be hungry”
152919:16xr2kthe command0Alternate translation: “the command that he was taught”
153019:16v2ylguards his life0Alternate translation: “protects his life”
153119:16ik59rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhis ways0This is an idiom which refers to how he lives. Alternate translation: “the way that he lives” or “how he lives”
153219:17zw6rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorWhoever is kind to the poor lends to Yahweh0Yahweh considers kindness shown to the poor to be kindness shown to him. One of the ways people are kind to the poor is by giving. Alternate translation: “The person who gives to the poor is giving to Yahweh”
153319:17qx9drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe poor0This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” or “poor people”
153419:18nw29rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwhile there is hope0This refers to while the child is young and will still accept discipline and instruction. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “while he is young” or “while he can still be taught”
153519:18md5crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitand do not set your desire on putting him to death0This could mean: (1) this phrase describes punishing your child. Alternate translation: “but do not punish him so severely that he might die” or (2) this phrase describes what it is like if you do not punish your child. Alternate translation: “for if you do not punish him you are helping him destroy himself”
153619:18hky1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomset your desire on putting him0This idiom means to be determined to cause something to happen. Alternate translation: “be determined to put him”
153719:19n85trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomA hot-tempered person0This idiom refers to a person who is easily angered. Alternate translation: “A person who does not control his temper” or “A person who becomes angry quickly”
153819:19f2vsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiommust pay the penalty0This refers to the person bearing the consequences for what happens when he gets angry. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “must bear the consequences of his anger” or “must bear the consequences of what he does in his anger” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
153919:19s1darc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitif you rescue him0“if you save him.” This refers to rescuing him when he has acted out of his anger. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “if you rescue him after he has had an outburst”
154019:19dnq3rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinala second time0“another time” or “again”
154119:20gby8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismListen to advice and accept instruction0These two phrases mean basically the same and are repeated to emphasize how important it is.
154219:20egn7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomListen to advice0This is an idiom. Here “listening” does not mean to merely listen, but to learn from the advice you are given and to follow it. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to advice” or “Follow advice”
154319:21c7qgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyin a person’s heart0Here the “heart” is used to refer to the “mind” to emphasize a person’s desire. Alternate translation: “in a person’s mind” or “that a person desires”
154419:21f82dthe purpose of Yahweh0Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s purpose” or “Yahweh’s plans”
154519:21q568rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthat will stand0This idiom means to “happen.” Alternate translation: “that will happen”
154619:23x7qyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitHonor for Yahweh leads people to life; anyone who has it will be satisfied0This means that they will live a long time if they honor Yahweh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who honor Yahweh will live a long time; anyone who honors Yahweh will be satisfied”
154719:23h31xanyone who has it0Here the word “it” refers to “honor for Yahweh.”
154819:23gyg5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivesatisfied and not afflicted by harm0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “satisfied; nothing will harm him” or “satisfied; he will be safe”
154919:24wf2esluggard0See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 10:26](../10/26.md).
155019:24r5yjburies his hand in the dish0“dips his hand in the dish” or “puts his hand in his plate.” In the Biblical culture people usually ate with their hands as people do in many cultures today.
155119:24r3tsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithe will not even bring it back up to his mouth0He does not bring his hand back to his mouth because he is too lazy. Alternate translation: “but he is too lazy to bring his hand up to his mouth to feed himself”
155219:25svj3Strike a mocker, and the naive person0Alternate translation: “If you strike a mocker, the naive person”
155319:25k69jStrike a mocker0Alternate translation: “Punish a mocker”
155419:25zh2bnaive person0Alternate translation: “inexperienced person” or “immature person”
155519:25v49dprudent0See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md).
155619:25m391discipline one who is discerning, and0Alternate translation: “if you discipline one who is discerning,”
155719:25wwq5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounshe will gain knowledge0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “know.” Alternate translation: “he will know more”
155819:26g233rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitbrings shame and reproach0This could mean: (1) he brings it to himself. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to himself” or (2) he brings it to his family. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to his family”
155919:27n4avrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyIf you cease to hear instruction0Here “listening and obeying” is spoken of as if it were “hearing.” Alternate translation: “If you stop paying attention to instruction” or “If you stop obeying instruction”
156019:27s24zyou will stray from0Alternate translation: “you will abandon” or “you will turn your back on”
156119:27y3lnthe words of knowledge0Alternate translation: “knowledge”
156219:28d2w1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe mouth of the wicked swallows iniquity0This speaks of how wicked people enjoy doing evil by saying that they swallow iniquity as easily as they swallow food. Alternate translation: “the wicked enjoy doing evil as much as they enjoy eating food”
156319:28aq9frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethe mouth of the wicked swallows0The phrase “the mouth of the wicked” represents wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people swallow” or “the wicked swallow”
156419:28g9y4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe wicked0This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “the wicked person”
156519:29d4f3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsCondemnation is ready for mockers and flogging for0The words “condemnation” and “flogging” may be expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is ready to condemn mockers and to flog”
156619:29ray2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisflogging for the backs of fools0The words “is ready” are understood from the previous phrase and may be repeated. Alternate translation: “flogging is ready for the backs of fools” or “he is ready to flog the backs”
156719:29r21dflogging0beating with a whip or stick
156820:introe8g20# Proverbs 20 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 20 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
156920:1p893rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismWine is a mocker and strong drink is a brawler0These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize the danger of too much alcohol.
157020:1v7zxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyWine is a mocker0Here “wine” refers to the person who is drunk with wine. Alternate translation: “A person who is drunk with wine mocks”
157120:1qa7mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymystrong drink is a brawler0Here “strong drink” refers to a person who is drunk with strong drink. Alternate translation: “a person who is drunk with strong drink starts fights”
157220:1c6m7a brawler0a person who fights noisily, usually in a public place
157320:1ne6hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewhoever is led astray by drink is not wise0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whoever drinks until they can no longer think clearly”
157420:1g7rvby drink0Here “drink” refers to alcoholic drinks
157520:1k4svrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesis not wise0This means the opposite of “wise” which is “foolish.” Alternate translation: “is foolish”
157620:2p628rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe fear of a king is like the fear of a young lion that is roaring0This compares how people fear a king’s wrath to how they fear a young roaring lion. Alternate translation: “The king’s wrath makes people as afraid as if they were facing a young lion roaring at them”
157720:2xa6xmakes him angry0Alternate translation: “makes the king angry”
157820:2rl5yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismforfeits his life0This refers to being killed. “Life” here refers to physical life. Alternate translation: “will die”
157920:3ru7hIt is an honor0“It is honorable.” This means that a person will be honored.
158020:3gf5brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorevery fool jumps into an argument0This speaks of entering an argument quickly as if the argument were something the fool physically jumped into. Alternate translation: “every fool quickly gets into an argument” or “every fool is quick to join an argument”
158120:4cva3plow0to prepare land for planting
158220:4tdr6in autumn0Alternate translation: “during the season for planting crops”
158320:4z5wirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitbut will have nothing0This means that there will be nothing growing in his field for him to harvest. Alternate translation: “but will have nothing to harvest”
158420:5f8derc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe purpose in a human heart is like deep water0This speaks of how difficult it is to understand the reasons for a person’s actions by comparing it to the difficulty of reaching the water in a deep well. Alternate translation: “It is as difficult to understand the purpose in the human heart as it is to reach the water in a deep well” or “The purpose of in the human heart is very difficult to understand”
158520:5qr3jsomeone with understanding0Alternate translation: “a person who has understanding”
158620:5fk7wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwill draw it out0This speaks of figuring out the purpose of the human heart as if it was water being drawn from a deep well. Alternate translation: “will cause the purpose to be known” or “will figure it out”
158720:6lmq9is loyal0Alternate translation: “is faithful” or “is trustworthy”
158820:6xut9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionbut who can find one who is faithful?0The implicit answer is “few can find someone like that.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “but few men can find a person who is faithful!” or “but it is hard to find a person who really is faithful!”
158920:7s7thrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwalks in his integrity0Here walking refers to living. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:1](../19/01.md). Alternate translation: “lives by his integrity” or “lives an honest life”
159020:7y2edrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithis sons who follow after him0This simply means that they “follow after him” since they are younger than he and his children. If this phrase is awkward in your language it may be left to be implied. Alternate translation: “his sons after him” or “his sons”
159120:8j9uprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoris winnowing with his eyes all the evil that is before him0This speaks of the king judging between various types of evil as if he were separating them as a person winnows grain. Alternate translation: “sees and sorts the different kinds of evils that are brought before him”
159220:9p5m8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWho can say, “I have kept my heart pure; I am clean from my sin”?0The implicit answer to this question is, “No one can say that.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can say that his heart is clean and that he is free from sin”
159320:9s43mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymymy heart0Here a person’s “heart” refers to his thoughts and desires. Alternate translation: “my thoughts”
159420:9d5hxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorclean0A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person where physically clean.
159520:9xb5xI am clean from my sin0Alternate translation: “I am without sin” or “I have not sinned”
159620:11yym3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveEven a youth is known by his actions0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People know a young man by his actions”
159720:11m4dbwhether his conduct is pure and upright0Alternate translation: “whether his conduct is pure and upright or not”
159820:11xm83his conduct0Alternate translation: “his deeds” or “what he does”
159920:11we5brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletpure and upright0These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how good this young person is. They can be combined into one word if necessary. Alternate translation: “pure”
160020:13h9etrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomcome to poverty0The phrase “come to” here means to transition into a new situation; to become. Alternate translation: “become poor”
160120:13ee3xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyopen your eyes0Here “opening one’s eyes” is spoken of as “being awake.” Alternate translation: “stay awake” or “be alert”
160220:14zh4lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit“Bad! Bad!” says the buyer, but when he goes away he boasts0Here a buyer is criticizing what someone is selling to get a low price from him. After he buys he boasts about the good price that he pursuaded the seller to give him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “‘Bad! Bad!’ says the buyer criticizing the seller’s wares, but after he buys he goes away he boasting about the low price that he paid”
160320:15cv2krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorlips of knowledge are a precious jewel0This speaks of the value of lips of knowledge by comparing them to a precious jewel. Alternate translation: “lips of knowledge are as valuable as an expensive jewel”
160420:15tt4drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymylips of knowledge0Here “words” are referred to as “lips.” Alternate translation: “wise words” or “words of knowledge”
160520:16sn35rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitTake a garment of one who has put up security for a stranger0When lending money, the lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back”
160620:16cv1mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomputs up security0This is an idiom. It means that someone gives something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. Alternate translation: “guarantees that what has been borrowed will be paid back” or “promises to pay a loan”
160720:16e647rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhold it in pledge0This is an idiom. To “hold something in pledge” means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. Alternate translation: “hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment”
160820:17zi4rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveBread gained by deceit0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Bread that someone gained by deceit”
160920:17gjt2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsby deceit0The word “deceit” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “by deceiving others”
161020:17lnt5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyBread0Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “Food”
161120:17fz1itastes sweet0Alternate translation: “tastes good”
161220:17tu5arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorbut afterward his mouth will be full of gravel0This speaks of the food tasting unpleasant as if his mouth were actually full of gravel instead of food. Alternate translation: “but afterwards it tastes like gravel in his mouth” or “but soon it tastes like sand in his mouth”
161320:17du9wgravel0small pieces of rock
161420:18mjl4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivePlans are established by advice0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People establish plans based on advice”
161520:19i4chA gossip0This means someone who gossips a lot.
161620:19i2mbyou should not associate with0Alternate translation: “you should not be friends with”
161720:20v9ffIf a person curses0This means if a someone express a desire that bad things will happen to someone else.
161820:20el23rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhis lamp will be snuffed out in the middle of darkness0This speaks of a person dying suddenly and unexpectedly as if his life were a lamp snuffed out in the dark. Alternate translation: “his life will end as suddenly as the light of a lamp that is snuffed out in the dark” or “he will die suddenly”
161920:20e6a4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivehis lamp will be snuffed out0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his lamp will go out”
162020:20un31rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehis lamp0This refers to a lamp with a burning flame. Here the lamp’s flame is referred to as the lamp itself. Alternate translation: “the flame of his lamp”
162120:20a13asnuffed out0to cause a flame to go out
162220:21mk5brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitat the beginning0This refers to a person receiving his inheritance before he is supposed to receive it. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “before the right time”
162320:22pj94rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomI will pay you back0This means to do wrong to someone because they have done wrong to you. Alternate translation: “I will punish you”
162420:22ti5grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomWait for Yahweh0This means to have faith that Yahweh will deal with the situation. Alternate translation: “Have faith in Yahweh” or “Hope in Yahweh”
162520:23x2rcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismYahweh hates unequal weights and dishonest scales are not good0These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are combined to emphasize how bad this is.
162620:24re6nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveA person’s steps are directed by Yahweh0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh directs a person’s steps”
162720:24i9ejrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheA person’s steps0This refers to the various things a person does. Alternate translation: “A person’s actions”
162820:24mfy9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionhow then can he understand his way?0The implicit answer is that he cannot understand it. This rhetorical question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “therefore, a person cannot understand his way”
162920:24s44trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomunderstand his way0This is an idiom. The phrase “his way” refers to the person’s life. Alternate translation: “understand why some things happen in his life”
163020:25qfw5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorIt is a snare0This speaks of something being dangerous as if it were a trap or a snare. Alternate translation: “It is dangerous”
163120:25x37xto say rashly0to say something quickly and without careful consideration of what it might mean
163220:25tt8zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitmaking his vow0The person has made a vow declaring that something is holy and dedicated to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “dedicating it to Yahweh” or “declaring it holy”
163320:26cgd9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwinnows the wicked0This speaks of the king separating the wicked people as if they were grain that he was winnowing. Alternate translation: “separates the wicked”
163420:26m44hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe wicked0This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked” or “the wicked people”
163520:26rs2yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe turns a threshing wheel over them0This speaks of the king punishing the wicked as if he were driving a threshing wheel over them. Alternate translation: “he severely punishes them”
163620:26sy6bthreshing wheel0“threshing cart.” This is a tool used to crush grain and help separate it from the chaff.
163720:27x5vxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe spirit of a person is the lamp of Yahweh, searching all his inmost parts0This speaks of a person’s spirit as if it were a lamp. A person’s spirit helps him to understand his inner self. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given us a spirit to understand our deepest selves, just as a lamp makes you see in the dark”
163820:28f9herc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveCovenant faithfulness and trustworthiness preserve the king0The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The king preserves himself by being trustworthy and faithful to the covenant” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
163920:28dyd6preserve the king0keep the king safe from harm
164020:28dym8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhis throne is made secure by love0Here “throne” represents the king’s power to rule. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Also, If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a king ensures that he will rule for a long time by loving others” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
164120:30g7u1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismBlows that make a wound cleanse away evil and beatings make the innermost parts clean0Both statements mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. Using physical punishment to correct a person is spoken of as if the evil were dirt and the beatings cleansed him. Alternate translation: “Beating a person who has done wrong will correct him and cause him to be a better person” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
164221:introge8s0# Proverbs 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 21 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
164321:1w5mdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe king’s heart is a stream of water in the hand of Yahweh0The writer speaks of the king’s heart as if it were an irrigation ditch in a dry area through which people direct water to plants that need it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh controls the king’s heart as a man directs water for irrigation”
164421:1t1m8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe king’s heart0The heart is a metaphor for what a person thinks and what he wants to do. Alternate translation: “The king’s thoughts and actions” or “What the king thinks and what he wants to do”
164521:2yz3crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorEvery person’s way is right in his own eyes0The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if it that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “Every person thinks that what he does is good” or “Every person judges what he does as good”
164621:2xmb4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwho weighs the hearts0The writer speaks of Yahweh deciding whether a person desires to do what is right as if Yahweh were looking at a physical object and deciding whether it is of good quality. Alternate translation: “who will judge the motives” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
164721:3qs6tTo do what is right0Alternate translation: “To do what Yahweh thinks is right”
164821:3ezq6To do what is … just0Alternate translation: “To treat people the way Yahweh wants people to treat other people”
164921:3f31fjust is more acceptable to Yahweh0Alternate translation: “just—Yahweh wants this more”
165021:4ps7vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheHaughty eyes and a proud heart0The words “eyes” and “heart” are synecdoches for a person who considers himself better than other people and wants other people to know it. Alternate translation: “People who want others to think that they are better than other people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
165121:4xvr4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheHaughty eyes0This is a synecdoche for a person who wants others to know that he thinks he is better than they are.
165221:4gk4src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheproud heart0This is a synecdoche for a person who thinks he is better than others.
165321:4y68urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe lamp of the wicked0The things that help the wicked are spoken of as a lamp. Alternate translation: “the things that help a wicked person like a lamp helps to see in the dark”
165421:5mmd8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe diligent0This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “a diligent man” or “a man who works hard”
165521:5xi4lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounscomes only to poverty0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “only becomes poor”
165621:6vsi8Acquiring riches0Alternate translation: “Gaining wealth”
165721:6bc5drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya lying tongue0The tongue is a metonym for the words a person uses the tongue to speak. Alternate translation: “speaking lies”
165821:6w3kdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphora fleeting vapor0The writer likens the riches a person gains by lying to a mist that quickly goes away in the morning. Alternate translation: “a disappearing mist”
165921:6l9agrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphora snare that kills0The writer speaks of the riches that a person gains by lying as if it were the bait in a hunter’s trap; the word “snare” is a metonym for the bait that attracts the animal into the snare. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
166021:7zn7hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationThe violence of the wicked will drag them away0The writer speaks as though violence were a person who could drag other people away. God will punish wicked people who harm their innocent neighbors.
166121:7ce4frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsviolence of the wicked0Here, **violence** refers to violent deeds or things people do to harm their innocent neighbors. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **violence**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. The word **wicked** is a nominal adjective that refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “The violent actions of wicked people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
166221:7i5j5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitdrag them away0This phrase refers to dragging a net through water to catch fish. The wicked being destroyed by their own actions is spoken of as if their actions trapped them in a net like one would catch fish. AT “drag them away like fish” or “destroy them as easily as one catches fish in a net” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
166321:8qgr2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomThe way of a guilty person is crooked0This compares the way one lives to a crooked road one may travel. This is also an idiom. Alternate translation: “The way a guilty person lives is crooked” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
166421:8y9c2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorcrooked0Here “crooked” means bent or not straight. This is a metaphor for morally wrong. Alternate translation: “wrong”
166521:9gff3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicita corner of the roof0Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof.
166621:9j9e1quarrelsome wife0Alternate translation: “wife who often argues and complains”
166721:10x3rsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationThe appetite of the wicked craves evil0The writer speaks of a person’s appetite, the physical desire for food and drink, as if it were a person who could desire something. The word “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil people, and the word “evil” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil deeds. Alternate translation: “Evil people desire to do evil deeds just as they desire to eat and drink” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
166821:10a2dzcraves0desires strongly
166921:10d5qdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhis neighbor finds no favor in his eyes0The idiom to “find favor” means to have someone approve of and act kindly towards the one who finds favor. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents a person’s thoughts and attitude towards another person. Alternate translation: “his neighbor does not receive favor from him” or “he does not act kindly towards his neighbor” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
167021:11rd8src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveWhen the mocker is punished0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When someone punishes the mocker”
167121:11a11rthe naive0Alternate translation: “those who have no experience” or “those who are not mature”
167221:11a6a5the mocker0Alternate translation: “the person who mocks others”
167321:11m512rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewhen the wise person is instructed0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone instructs the wise person”
167421:11ylu9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorlays hold of knowledge0Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could grasp and keep for himself.
167521:12t3bjThe righteous0This could mean: (1) any righteous person or (2) “Yahweh the one who is righteous.”
167621:12bc3uwatches the house0Alternate translation: “pays careful attention to the house” “looks to see what happens to the house”
167721:12tem1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe brings wicked people to disaster0Here disaster is spoken of as if it were a place that someone could be brought to. Alternate translation: “he destroys them”
167821:13uc5nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomThe one who shuts his ears to the cry of the poor0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The one who will not listen when poor people ask for help”
167921:13iv38rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhe will not be answered0The word “answered” is a metonym for a person hearing another person ask for help and acting to help. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will do anything to help him” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
168021:14h1vzappeases anger0Alternate translation: “makes an angry person feel better so he is no longer angry”
168121:15p2lnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsWhen justice is done0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a noun phrase. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When rulers do what is just” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
168221:16cj4zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwanders from the way of understanding0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “no longer lives wisely”
168321:16t6m2he will rest in the assembly of the dead0Alternate translation: “he will remain in the assembly of dead spirits”
168421:18mh2vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoris ransom for0The word “ransom” is a metaphor for one person who takes the place of another person. Here the person who does what is wrong is punished instead of the person who does what is right.
168521:18qt7kthe treacherous0a person who harms those who trust him by lying and otherwise dealing falsely
168621:18n28nupright people0Alternate translation: “righteous people” or “honest people” or “just people”
168721:20r84prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjwise0This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “wise person”
168821:20nw25swallows it all up0Alternate translation: “uses it all for no good purpose” or “wastes it”
168921:22d84jscales the city0Alternate translation: “climbs up and over the wall that surrounds the city”
169021:22v5jkthe city of the mighty ones0Alternate translation: “a city in which mighty men are living” or “a city of mighty warriors”
169121:22p6cmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhe brings down0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he destroys”
169221:22w292the stronghold in which they trusted0Alternate translation: “the walls and towers around the city that they did not think anyone would be able to get past into the city, so they felt safe”
169321:23xw3qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletWhoever guards his mouth and tongue0Both “mouth” and “tongue” refer to what a person says. Alternate translation: “Whoever is careful in what he says” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
169421:24c77jThe proud and haughty person … acts with arrogant pride0Alternate translation: “You can expect a proud and haughty people to act with arrogant pride”
169521:24m76arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletproud and haughty0These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how prideful the person is.
169621:24rf25rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy“Mocker” is his name0The word “name” is a metonym for what people would call him. Alternate translation: “a mocker is what you should call him”
169721:25pzb9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationThe desire of the lazy kills him0The writer speaks of what a person wants as if it were a person who could kill a lazy person. Here the lazy person wants to be idle and not work. Alternate translation: “A lazy person only wants to be idle, and because of that he will die” or “A lazy person will die because he does not want to work” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
169821:25dt4frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehis hands refuse0The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “he refuses”
169921:26vgt6craves0desires strongly
170021:26es9xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesgives and does not hold back0The phrase “does not hold back” can be stated positively, and what he gives can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “gives everything he should” or “gives generously”
170121:27fq9aThe sacrifice of the wicked is detestable0The writer does not mention Yahweh here, as in [Proverbs 15:8](../15/08.md), but the reader should understand that it is Yahweh who detests the sacrifice of the wicked.
170221:27l3lerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe wicked0The nominal adjective “wicked” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” or “wicked people”
170321:27iy31it is even more detestable0Alternate translation: “Yahweh detests the sacrifice even more”
170421:28h8d4will speak for all time0This is because people will never forget what he said.
170521:29z6tgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiommakes his face hard0This could mean: (1) “pretends to be courageous” or (2) “will not listen to correction.”
170621:29ts1rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoris certain about his ways0A person’s actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which the person walks. Alternate translation: “is certain about what he does” or “is confident about what he does”
170721:30n8ktrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsThere is no wisdom, there is no understanding, and there is no advice that0The words “there is” are repeated to emphasize the abstract nouns “wisdom,” “understanding,” and “advice.” Yahweh is greater than anything that anyone can know or think or say. Your language may require that you not repeat “there is no.” The abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “There is no wise person, there is no one who understands anything, and there is no one who tells others what to do who” or “There is no wisdom, understanding, or advice that”
170821:30k3pestand against Yahweh0Alternate translation: “defeat Yahweh” or “work against what Yahweh wants to do” or “show that he is right and Yahweh is wrong”
170921:31j1hqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe horse is prepared for the day of battle0These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Soldiers prepare horses for the day of battle”
171021:31i6w8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe day of battle0The word “day” refers to time that may be longer or shorter than a day. Alternate translation: “when there is a battle”
171122:introt5zj0# Proverbs 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 22 ends the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to the “Wise Men.” The exact identity of the men is unknown.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nWith this new section of proverbs, the author begins to use many rhetorical questions. The obvious answers should convince the reader. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
171222:1but9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveA good name is to be chosen over great riches0These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person should choose a good name rather than great riches”
171322:1m8c7A good name0Alternate translation: “To have others think that one is a good person”
171422:3nt9pA prudent man0“A man who is wise” or “A man who has good sense.” See how you translated “prudent” in [Proverbs 12:16](../12/16.md).
171522:3cm2athe naive0Alternate translation: “the inexperienced and immature”
171622:5e8f6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThorns and snares lie in the path of the perverse0The writer speaks of the way perverse people live as if it were a path on which the perverse will have trouble because of the natural “thorns” and man-made “snares.”
171722:5r2h1snares0traps to catch animals
171822:5dku9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe perverse0This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “perverse people”
171922:5f1aprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwhoever guards his life0A person doing what he needs to do so he can live a long time is spoken of as if that person were keeping thieves away from a physical object. Alternate translation: “people who want to live a long time”
172022:6je4erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe way he should go0How a person lives is spoken of as if it were a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “how he should live”
172122:7dk14rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitborrows … lends0You may need to make explicit what it is that is borrowed or lent. Alternate translation: “borrows money … lends money”
172222:8l36jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorHe who sows injustice will reap trouble0The writer speaks of a ruler or other powerful person treating those less powerful unjustly as if he were planting seeds that will give birth to plants that bring trouble. Alternate translation: “If a person treats those less powerful than he is unjustly, they will cause him trouble later on”
172322:8htf6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe rod of his fury will fade away0The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. This could mean: (1) the unjust ruler will lose the power that he had that allowed him to treat other people unjustly or (2) when the people respond to the injustice he had done by harming him, he will have no power to stop them. Alternate translation: “he will no longer have the power that he had used to harm people”
172422:8yu9grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyrod of his fury0The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. The unjust man was harming innocent people as if he were very angry with them. Alternate translation: “the rod he had used as if he were punishing people” or “the power he used to harm others”
172522:8kpt4will fade away0The word translated “fade away” is also used of plants drying up.
172622:9nxi8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe one who has a generous eye will be blessed0These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who has a generous eye”
172722:9zhf7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyone who has a generous eye0The eye is a metonym for seeing what other people need, and the “generous eye” not only sees but gives what the other people need. The eye is also a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “generous person” or “person who is willing to give things to other people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
172822:9vs46rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymybread0Since bread was the main food for many people in biblical times, it is often used to refer to food in general.
172922:10t6ntrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsdisputes and insults will cease0The abstract nouns “disputes” and “insults” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “people will no longer argue with each other or say things to hurt each other”
173022:11xzb6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheloves a pure heart0It is his own heart that the person wants to be pure. The heart is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “loves having a pure heart” or “wants to be pure”
173122:11tlq4is gracious0Alternate translation: “is kind”
173222:12swt2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheThe eyes of Yahweh keep watch over0The eyes are a synecdoche for the person. The writer speaks as if Yahweh had physical eyes like a person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh keeps watch over” or “Yahweh guards knowledge” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
173322:12s2lrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymykeep watch over knowledge0Keeping watch is s metonym for protecting. Alternate translation: “protect knowledge”
173422:12zw3lhe overthrows0Alternate translation: “he destroys”
173522:12q7ytrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe treacherous0The nominal adjective treacherous can be translated as a noun phrase. Translate “treacherous” as in [Proverbs 11:3](../11/03.md). Alternate translation: “a treacherous person”
173622:13jg67The lazy person says0The quote that follows is a lie and an excuse for not working. If your language introduces false statements in a special way, you can use that here.
173722:14eq5hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe mouth of an adulteress is a deep pit0The word “mouth” is a metonym for the words that come out of the mouth. The writer speaks of a person being unable to escape having people punish him for evil deeds as if that person had fallen into a hole someone had dug in the ground from which he could not escape. Alternate translation: “The words spoken by an adulteress will draw you in, and it will be as if you have fallen into a deep and dangerous pit” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
173822:14xrc5an adulteress0See how you translated this in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md).
173922:14l326rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomYahweh’s anger is stirred up0Here “stirred up” means that his anger increased. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is angry”
174022:14fin1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfalls into it0Adultery is spoken of as if it is something that a person can fall into. Alternate translation: “sins because of the adulteress”
174122:15fuj4Foolishness is bound up in the heart of a child0Alternate translation: “The heart of a child is full of foolish things”
174222:15j283rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe rod of discipline0The writer speaks of a parent using any form of discipline as if that parent were hitting the child with a wooden rod.
174322:15dk18rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphordrives it far away0The writer speaks as if foolishness were a person that another person could use a physical rod to drive away. Alternate translation: “will make a child wise”
174422:16w7rcto increase his wealth0Alternate translation: “to become richer” or “to gain more money”
174522:16fm7fgives to rich people0Alternate translation: “gives money to rich people”
174622:16d4tdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwill come to poverty0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will become poor”
174722:17nnv40# General Information:\n\nVerse 17 begins the introduction to a new section of the Book of Proverbs.
174822:17lgs9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheIncline your ear and listen0Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated “incline your ear” in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “Pay attention and listen” or “Listen attentively” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
174922:17l38xthe words of the wise0Alternate translation: “what wise people say”
175022:17pi8nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomapply your heart to0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “do your best to understand and remember”
175122:17i9n2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsmy knowledge0The person speaking is probably the same as the father from [Proverbs 1:8](../01/08.md). He may be speaking of “the words of the wise” as “my knowledge.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “know.” Alternate translation: “the knowledge I have, which I am sharing with you” or “what I know”
175222:18nl9jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyall of them are ready on your lips0The person being ready to speak is spoken of as if it were the words that were ready. Alternate translation: “you are able to speak of them at any time”
175322:19wr39today—even to you0“today. Yes, I am teaching you,” The speaker is emphasizing that it is the hearer, not someone else whom he is teaching, and he is teaching the hearer because the hearer needs to learn. If it is awkward in your language to emphasize in this way, you can emphasize in another way or the words “even to you” can be left untranslated.
175422:20bb5s0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue and end the introduction that began in [Proverbs 22:17](./17.md).
175522:20q77crc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariantsthirty sayings0Some translations read, “excellent sayings.”
175622:21q8xurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionto teach you … who sent you?0These words end the rhetorical question that began with the words “Have I not written” in Proverbs 22:20. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. “You need to know that I have written … to teach you … who sent you.”
175722:21l5jfto those who sent you0This implies that the hearer is or will be one whom others send to gain and bring back information.
175822:22y27s0# General Information:\n\nThese verses begin the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
175922:22aq5tDo not rob … or crush0If your language has a way of showing that this is the way one person would speak strongly to another, different from a general rule that people are supposed to obey, you should use it here.
176022:22su1vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe poor0This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any poor person” or “poor people”
176122:22tq59rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorcrush0grind into powder. This is a metaphor for “treat unjustly.”
176222:22ws7lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe needy0This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any needy person” or “any person who does not have what he needs to live”
176322:22z1iarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyat the gate0The place where people bought and sold items and settled legal arguments is used as a metonym for business and legal activity. Alternate translation: “in court”
176422:23a2vprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorYahweh will plead their case0The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will defend the needy from those who oppress them” or “Yahweh will see that the needy receive justice”
176522:23m5k2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe will rob of life those who robbed them0Yahweh is not a thief, but like a thief he will take life from those who do not choose to give it. Alternate translation: “he will destroy those who oppress poor people”
176622:24cpi30# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
176722:24w16mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorsomeone who is ruled by anger0someone who is unable to control his anger
176822:24cc8zrages0shows violent anger
176922:25s2i8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoryou will take bait for your soul0A person who wants to be like an angry person is like an animal taking the bait in a trap. Alternate translation: “you will be like an animal that eats the bait that closes a trap and is unable to escape”
177022:25jh2krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymybait for your soul0The soul is a metonym for the person’s life. Alternate translation: “bait that someone has put out so he can kill you”
177122:26ftq60# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
177222:26rnd6strikes hands0A person would strike his hand against another person’s hand to bind himself to do what he had agreed to do. Here the speaker warns the hearer not to strike hands as a way to promise to pay off someone’s debts.
177322:26wt7uin making a pledge0Alternate translation: “and agree to pay what someone owes to another person”
177422:28tb1b0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
177522:28g63sancient0very old
177622:28djq5boundary stone0a large stone that shows where one person’s land ends and another person’s land begins
177722:28j4idfathers0ancestors
177822:29y4ubrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDo you see a man skilled at his work?0This rhetorical question is actually a command. Alternate translation: “Think of someone you know who is skilled at his work”
177922:29e6iirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymystand before0This represents becoming a servant of the important person. Kings and other important people will think so highly of him that they will use his services.
178023:introeva70# Proverbs 23 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
178123:1z1810# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
178223:2lu62rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleput a knife to your throat0Possible meanings of this exaggeration are: (1) “be very careful not to eat too much” or (2) “do not eat anything at all” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
178323:3zfk9Do not crave0“Do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md).
178423:3zkz5his delicacies0Alternate translation: “his special and expensive food”
178523:3tjm2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomit is the food of lies0This is an idiom. “he is giving it to you so he can deceive you”
178623:4a4va0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
178723:4wh19Do not work too hard0Alternate translation: “Do not work so much that you are always tired”
178823:5n9hdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorlight upon it0land like a bird upon the wealth (verse 4). This is a metaphor for looking at the wealth for a short time.
178923:5sp17rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorit will surely take up wings like an eagle and fly off0A person losing his wealth is spoken of as if the wealth were a bird. Alternate translation: “the wealth will disappear as quickly as an eagle can fly away”
179023:5ryq4wings like an eagle0wings like an eagle’s wings
179123:6afl60# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
179223:6su9wdo not crave0“do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md).
179323:6jtt7his delicacies0“his special and expensive food.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 23:3](../23/03.md).
179423:7lbe8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhis heart is not with you0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he really does not want you to enjoy the meal”
179523:8aw14rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleYou will vomit up the little you have eaten0This is an exaggeration for wishing one had not eaten anything. Alternate translation: “You will wish that you had not eaten anything”
179623:8z3l6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoryou will have wasted your compliments0Compliments are spoken of as if they were valuable objects. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compliments**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “he will not be happy even if you say good things about him and the food” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
179723:9nk6j0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
179823:9u4q5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsin the hearing of a fool0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hearing**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “where a fool can hear you”
179923:10iha4ancient0very old. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
180023:10de8rboundary stone0This is a large stone to show where one person’s land ends and another person’s land begins. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
180123:10a9cbencroach0This means to slowly take or begin to use land (or some thing) that belongs to someone else.
180223:10n6i1orphans0children whose parents are dead
180323:11p1uftheir Redeemer0Yahweh
180423:11bgi8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe will plead their case against you0The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “he will defend the orphans against you” or “he will see that the orphans receive justice and punish you”
180523:12w7ey0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
180623:12pgj6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomApply your heart to0This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:17](../22/17.md). Alternate translation: “Do your best to understand and remember”
180723:12v2r3instruction0This could mean: (1) “what people who know what is right and what is wrong tell you” or (2) “what people say
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