richmahn_en_tn/rom/02/28.md

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  • outwardly - This refers to Jewish rituals which people can see.
  • merely outward in the flesh - This refers to the physical change to a man's body.
  • he is a Jew who is one inwardly, and circumcision is that of the heart - These two phrases share similar meanings. The phrase, "he is a Jew who is one inwardly" explains the metaphor "circumcision is that of the heart." (See: :en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_parallelism)
  • inwardly - This refers to the values and motivations of the person whom God has transformed.
  • in the spirit - This probably refers to the internal, spiritual part of a person, in contrast to the outward "letter" of the Law. However, it is also possible that it refers to the Holy Spirit (see UDB).
  • not in the letter - A “letter” is the smallest part of written language. Here it refers to written Scripture. AT: “through the work of the Holy Spirit, not because you know the scriptures” (See: en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_synecdoche)