richmahn_en_tn/en_tn_19-PSA.tsv

1	Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
2	PSA	front	intro	rx9u			0		# Introduction to Psalms<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Psalms<br><br>1. Book One (Psalms 1-41)<br>1. Book Two (Psalms 42-72)<br>1. Book Three (Psalms 73-89)<br>1. Book Four (Psalms 90-106)<br>1. Book Five (Psalms 107-150)<br><br>### What is the Book of Psalms?<br><br>The Book of Psalms is a collection of songs. People called psalmists wrote them for different reasons. In some psalms, the psalmists expressed their praise for God. In other psalms, they asked God for help and expressed confidence in his love and power. In others, they confessed their sins and begged for mercy. The Israelites wrote some psalms to ask Yahweh to defeat their enemies. Other psalms celebrated the event of a new king beginning his reign. Psalmists also wrote to praise the city of Jerusalem. They wrote some psalms to instruct people on how to be wise by honoring Yahweh and obeying his law. Also, pilgrims sang some of the psalms while traveling to Jerusalem to worship there. Some psalms became songs of praise in the temple worship of Yahweh.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators can use the traditional title of this book, “The Book of Psalms” or just “Psalms.” Another title of this book is “Songs of Praise.” Translators may express this meaning in their own languages, or they may choose to use or transliterate the name from another language version if it is well known. For example, the French title “Les Psaumes” might be understood by everyone in a project language, if French is the language of wider communication in the region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])<br><br>### When was the Book of Psalms written?<br><br>The Psalms were written over a long period of time. Moses probably wrote the earliest psalm around 1400 B.C. David and Asaph wrote their psalms between 1020 and 975 B.C. The Korahites may have written their psalms before Jerusalem was destroyed and the Jews were exiled to Babylon in 587 B.C. Psalm 126 appears to come from the period after the exile, which ended in 538 B.C.<br><br>### What are the Messianic psalms?<br><br>Some psalms are called “Messianic psalms.” New Testament writers considered these psalms to prophesy about the Messiah, Jesus Christ. They cited Psalms 2, 8, 16, 22, 34, 40, 41, 45, 68, 69, 89, 102, 109, 110, and 118 at least one time each in the New Testament.<br><br>### What are superscriptions in the Psalms?<br><br>Many psalms give some information called superscriptions before the beginning of the psalm. Some of the expressions in the superscriptions are difficult to understand, so modern versions often have different interpretations of them.<br><br>Seventy-three psalms are called “A psalm of David.” This may mean they were written by King David. Or, it could mean someone wrote them for David or in the style that David used when he composed poetry. The superscriptions of some psalms give the historical situations in which they were written.<br><br>Some superscriptions give instructions about how they should be played and sung. They tell which instruments, singers, or melodies that should be used for that psalm. Fifty-five psalms are addressed “to the choirmaster” or “chief musician.” The psalmists seem to have meant them to be used in temple worship.<br><br>Traditionally, English versions do not give verse numbers to the superscriptions. But many versions in other languages do. Whether or not translators give them verse numbers, they should consider the superscriptions in the Psalms as part of the divinely inspired biblical text.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What are some important ways in which Yahweh is pictured in the Book of Psalms?<br><br>The psalmists often pictured Yahweh as:<br><br>* a king who rules over the nation of Israel and over all the nations<br>* a shepherd who leads the people of Israel and also the individual psalm writers<br>* a “rock,” that is, a high rocky mountain on which people can be completely safe from their enemies<br>* a strong warrior who always defeats his enemies.<br><br>### What is the importance of honor and shame in the Book of Psalms?<br><br>When people honor someone, they think well of him and may even admire him. On the other hand, if people shame someone, that person loses honor and is disgraced.<br><br>Psalmists often expressed a great desire that Yahweh would be honored by the Israelites and also by the rest of the world.<br><br>Also, psalmists often expressed fear that they would be shamed by their enemies. When they felt this way, the psalmists wrote of their trust that Yahweh would not allow this to happen.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Why do the ULT and UST display the Book of Psalms as poetry, but some modern versions do not?<br><br>The psalmists wrote the Psalms as Hebrew poetry. The ULT and UST set each line farther to the right on the page than regular text is placed to show that the writing is poetry rather than prose.<br><br>This style typically uses pairs of poetic lines that relate to each other in different ways. Usually, poetic lines are said to be “parallel” to each other. A line that is indented farther to the right is paired with the line above it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])<br><br>Translators will have to decide whether to present the Psalms as poetry or as prose in their own language. Translators will need to consider whether their language has poetic forms that are suitable for expressing the Psalms.<br><br>### Why do some versions number the Psalms differently than others?<br><br>From ancient times, people have numbered the Psalms in different ways. The Jews numbered the Psalms in Hebrew in one way. When they translated the Psalms into Greek, they numbered them in a different way. As a result, the Hebrew numbering and the Greek numbering of Psalms were both passed down through the centuries. They are both still in use today. Translators will probably want to number the Psalms in the same way that most versions in their own country do.<br><br>### How should the translator view the terms Selah and Higgaion that occur in various psalms?<br><br>“Selah” and “Higgaion” seem to be musical terms inserted as directions for singers and musicians. Scholars do not agree as to their meaning. For this reason, translators may decide to transliterate them or leave them out but not try to translate them.
3	PSA	1	intro	fan4			0		# Psalm 01 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 1 is usually considered to be a “wisdom psalm,” which gives advice to those who hear it read or sung. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Blessed<br>A main theme in this psalm is what it means to be blessed. Here “blessed” refers to anyone who is well off because of a good relationship to God. The contrasting theme is that there are ungodly people, those who refuse to honor God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>### People who opposed Yahweh<br><br>There are several words in this psalm for those who oppose God: “the wicked” (those who do evil), “sinners” (those who ignore God’s law), and “mockers” (those who mock God and the righteous people). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
4	PSA	1	1	w56f	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5	PSA	1	1	gz4n	figs-metaphor		0	who does not walk in the advice of the wicked	The “advice of the wicked” is spoken of as if it were a path to follow. Alternate translation: “who does not follow the advice of the wicked” or “who does not do what wicked people advise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6	PSA	1	1	uqr7	figs-metaphor		0	stand in the pathway with sinners	Here the word “pathway” represents the way people live. The word “stand” is in parallel with “walk.” Alternate translation: “imitate the behavior of sinful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7	PSA	1	1	nk2a	figs-metonymy		0	or sit in the assembly of mockers	Sitting with people who mock God represents joining people who mock God. Alternate translation: “or join those who mock God” or “or mock God with others who mock him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8	PSA	1	2	izu5	figs-abstractnouns		0	his delight is in the law of Yahweh	The word “delight” is an abstract noun that can be stated as a verb. A person who can “delight … in the law” is happy because the law is good and because one is obeying it. Alternate translation: “what makes him truly happy is the law of Yahweh” or “what makes him truly happy is to know that he is obeying the law of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
9	PSA	1	2	ns4k			0	Yahweh	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
10	PSA	1	3	t59m			0	General Information:	This passage introduces an elaborate image in which a righteous person is thought of in terms of a flourishing tree.
11	PSA	1	3	d83j	figs-simile		0	He will be like a tree … fruit in its season	In the Bible, people are often spoken of as trees. People who delight in Yahweh’s law can do all God wants them to do just as a tree that is planted by water produces good fruit. Alternate translation: “He will be prosperous like a tree … fruit in its season” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
12	PSA	1	3	wir5			0	planted by the streams of water	A tree that is planted by a stream can get enough water to be healthy.
13	PSA	1	3	tag1			0	that produces its fruit in its season	Healthy trees produce good fruit at the right time.
14	PSA	1	3	xf3j			0	whose leaves do not wither	If a tree gets enough water, its leaves do not dry out and die.
15	PSA	1	3	c784			0	whatever he does will prosper	Alternate translation: “He will be successful at whatever he does”
16	PSA	1	4	g6a7	figs-explicit		0	The wicked are not so	How they are not like that can be stated clearly. “The wicked are not prosperous” or “The wicked do not prosper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17	PSA	1	4	lnx8	figs-simile		0	but are instead like the chaff	How they are like chaff can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “but instead they are worthless like the chaff” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
18	PSA	1	5	atv6	figs-metaphor		0	will not stand in the judgment	This could mean: (1) not standing in the judgment is a metonym for being judged by God and having to leave his presence. Alternate translation: “will not continue to stay before God when he judges them” or “will have to leave God’s presence when he judges them as guilty” or (2) not standing in the judgment is a metaphor for being condemned in the judgment. “Alternate translation: “will be condemned in the judgment” or “will be condemned when God judges them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
19	PSA	1	5	va3s			0	in the judgment	The noun judgment can be expressed as a verb. This probably refers to the final judgment when God judges all people. Alternate translation: “when God judges everyone”
20	PSA	1	5	x8sk	figs-ellipsis		0	nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous	Translators can supply the verb “stand.” Alternate translation: “neither will sinners stand in the assembly of the righteous” or “and sinners will not stand in the assembly of the righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
21	PSA	1	5	nr84	figs-metonymy		0	nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous	Being accepted by God as righteous is spoken of as standing with the group of righteous people. Alternate translation: “and God will not accept sinners along with the righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22	PSA	1	6	wmx7	figs-parallelism		0	For Yahweh approves of the way of the righteous, but the way of the wicked will perish	These two clauses contrast what happens to righteous people with what happens to wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
23	PSA	1	6	cxy6	figs-metaphor		0	the way of the righteous	How people live is spoken of as if it were a “way” or “road” that they are walking on. Alternate translation: “how the righteous live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
24	PSA	1	6	jy56	figs-metaphor		0	the way of the wicked will perish	How people live and what they do is spoken of as if it were a “way” or “road” that they walk on. This could mean: (1) the way perishing represents the wicked perishing because of how they live. Alternate translation: “The wicked will die because of how they live” or (2) the way perishing is a metaphor for no longer being able to live the way they do. Alternate translation: “the wicked will no longer be able to live the way they live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
25	PSA	2	intro	z14u			0		# Psalm 02 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 2 is usually considered a royal psalm because it is about the king. It was probably first sung when a new person became the king. It is often thought to be about the Messiah because of verse 6 and 7 reference the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofgod]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s protection<br><br>The main theme of this psalm is that God is protecting and empowering the king he has appointed and that it is useless for the foreign nations to oppose God and his king.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>“Today I have begotten you” here is a metaphor meaning that God acknowledges the king as his special person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
26	PSA	2	1	bht4	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
27	PSA	2	1	e4gn	figs-rquestion		0	Why are the nations in turmoil, and why do the peoples make plots that will fail?	These questions are used to show surprise that the people are doing things that are so wrong and foolish. Alternate translation: “The nations are in turmoil and the peoples are making plots that will fail.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
28	PSA	2	1	zq9d			0	are the nations in turmoil	This probably means that the nations were making a noisy and angry commotion.
29	PSA	2	1	hd4h	figs-metonymy		0	the nations	This represents either the leaders or the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
30	PSA	2	1	jxy7			0	plots that will fail	These are probably plots against God and his people.
31	PSA	2	2	ag3k	figs-parallelism		0	The kings of the earth take their stand together … the rulers conspire together	These two clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
32	PSA	2	2	pt5v	figs-explicit		0	take their stand together … conspire together	These phrases mean the same thing, implying that the leaders stand together in order to fight against Yahweh and his Messiah. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “gather to fight … plan together to revolt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
33	PSA	2	3	xw9h	figs-metaphor		0	Let us tear off the shackles … throw off their chains	The people of other nations speak of Yahweh and the Messiah’s rule over them as if it were shackles and chains. Alternate translation: “We should free ourselves from their control; we should not let them rule over us any longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
34	PSA	2	4	e8l8			0	He … the Lord	These phrases refer to Yahweh. Yahweh is often called “the Lord” but the words for “Yahweh” and “the Lord” are different.
35	PSA	2	4	t9zx	figs-explicit		0	sits in the heavens	Here sitting represents ruling. What he sits on can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “rules in the heavens” or “sits on his throne in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
36	PSA	2	4	zyd3	figs-explicit		0	the Lord mocks them	“the Lord mocks those people.” Why he mocks them can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The Lord mocks them for their foolish plans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
37	PSA	2	5	z631	figs-abstractnouns		0	terrify them in his rage	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rage**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “furious.” Alternate translation: “he will be furious and terrify them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
38	PSA	2	5	jjb4			0	terrify	greatly frighten
39	PSA	2	6	emc4			0	I myself	Yahweh is emphasizing that he, and not someone else, has anointed his king.
40	PSA	2	6	v3q9			0	anointed my king	Alternate translation: “appointed my king to rule”
41	PSA	2	7	d5l7	figs-explicit		0	I will announce a decree of Yahweh. He	The person saying this is the king. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The king says, ‘I will announce a decree of Yahweh.’ He” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
42	PSA	2	7	h869			0	He said to me	Alternate translation: “Yahweh said to me”
43	PSA	2	7	qp2j			0	You are my son! This day I have become your father	Among many peoples in that part of the world then, men could decide to legally adopt children, who would become their heirs. Here Yahweh adopts a man and makes him king of Israel. Alternate translation: “I make you my son. This day I have become your father” or “Now you are my son and am your father”
44	PSA	2	8	sy59			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues speaking to the new king of Israel.
45	PSA	2	8	vjb5	figs-parallelism		0	the nations for your inheritance … the farthermost regions of the earth for your possession	These phrases express very similar ideas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
46	PSA	2	8	cv7i			0	the farthermost regions of the earth	Alternate translation: “the lands that are very far away”
47	PSA	2	9	uaa7	figs-parallelism		0	You will break them with an iron rod; like a jar of a potter, you will smash them to pieces	These phrases express very similar ideas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
48	PSA	2	9	at9u	figs-metaphor		0	You will break them with an iron rod	Defeating the nations is spoken of as breaking them, and his power is spoken of as an iron rod. Alternate translation: “You will defeat them completely by your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
49	PSA	2	9	a2x4	figs-metaphor		0	you will smash them to pieces	Destroying nations is spoken of as if they could be smashed like a clay jar. Alternate translation: you will completely destroy them like a clay pot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
50	PSA	2	9	ggd3	translate-unknown		0	a jar of a potter	A potter is a person who makes clay pots and jars. These are fragile and can be broken easily. Alternate translation: “a clay jar” or “a clay pot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
51	PSA	2	10	upx2	figs-parallelism		0	So now, you kings, be warned; be corrected, you rulers of the earth	These two phrases have similar meanings. Alternate translation: “So now, you kings and rulers of the earth, be warned and corrected” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
52	PSA	2	10	j2nx	figs-activepassive		0	be warned	This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “listen to this warning” or “be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
53	PSA	2	10	nyh6	figs-activepassive		0	be corrected	This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “listen to this correction” or “take this correction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
54	PSA	2	12	w4m8	translate-symaction		0	Kiss the son	People would show their king that they were loyal to him by kissing him, perhaps on the feet. Alternate translation: “Show the son that you are truly loyal to him” or “Bow down humbly before his son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
55	PSA	2	12	v3bs			0	you will die in the way	This may refer to dying right there, before the person has a chance to go away. Alternate translation: “you will die immediately”
56	PSA	2	12	l654	figs-metaphor		0	when his anger burns for just a moment	The king’s anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that could burn. Alternate translation: “when he suddenly becomes very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
57	PSA	2	12	ty9p	figs-metaphor		0	seek refuge in him	Asking the king for protection is spoken of as seeking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “ask the king to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
58	PSA	3	intro	py7j			0		# Psalm 03 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 3 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a morning song intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during morning worship. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s protection<br>Although the psalmist has many enemies and is saying he is without help, God is protecting him and delivering him from danger.
59	PSA	3	1	ylp1	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
60	PSA	3	1	g1yb			0	A psalm of David	This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
61	PSA	3	1	xp7i	figs-exclamations		0	Yahweh, how many are my enemies!	This exclamation shows that David is afraid of his enemies. Alternate translation: “Oh Yahweh, I have so many enemies!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
62	PSA	3	1	cj3u	figs-idiom		0	have risen against me	Fighting against someone is spoken of as rising against him. Alternate translation: “come against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
63	PSA	3	3	mj2u	figs-metaphor		0	you, Yahweh, are a shield around me	A shield protects a soldier. David speaks as if God were a shield protecting him. Alternate translation: “you, Yahweh, protect me like a shield” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
64	PSA	3	3	llc4	figs-metonymy		0	my glory	“you are my glory.” By calling God his glory, David says that God is the one who gives him glory. Since David has just spoken about his enemies and God being his protector, he probably meant that God gives him glory by giving him victory over his enemies. Alternate translation: “you are the one who gives me glory” or “you are the one who gives me victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
65	PSA	3	3	hj6j	figs-metaphor		0	the one who lifts up my head	“you are the one who lifts up my head.” Giving someone courage is spoken of as lifting up his head. Alternate translation: “the one who encourages me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
66	PSA	3	4	bz2m	figs-metonymy		0	I lift up my voice	Using one’s voice to cry out is spoken of as lifting up his voice. Alternate translation: “I cry out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
67	PSA	3	6	q7wy			0	have set themselves against me on every side	Alternate translation: “have surrounded me to destroy me”
68	PSA	3	7	zax2	figs-metonymy		0	Rise up	David speaks of starting to do something as getting up. Alternate translation: “Take action” or “Do something” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
69	PSA	3	7	az5m	figs-parallelism		0	hit all my enemies … break the teeth of the wicked	These phrases say very similar things. The phrases “my enemies” and “the wicked” refer to the same group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
70	PSA	3	7	r6xe	translate-symaction		0	For you will hit all my enemies on the jaw	This was a way of insulting people. David speaks as if Yahweh would come and physically hit his enemies. Alternate translation: “For you will insult all my enemies like someone hitting them on the jaw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
71	PSA	3	7	k36i	figs-metaphor		0	you will break the teeth of the wicked	Animals attack with their teeth. Breaking their teeth takes away their power to attack. David speaks as if Yahweh would come and physically fight against the wicked. Alternate translation: “you will make the wicked unable to harm me like someone breaking the teeth of a ferocious animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
72	PSA	3	8	x9bn	figs-abstractnouns		0	Salvation comes from Yahweh	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh saves his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
73	PSA	4	intro	b2qk			0		# Psalm 04 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 4 is a psalm of deliverance. It is an evening song, intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during evening worship. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Trust<br>God protects all those who truly trust in him for protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
74	PSA	4	1	zjj1	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
75	PSA	4	1	q28k			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
76	PSA	4	1	k7md			0	on stringed instruments	Alternate translation: “people should play stringed instruments with this song”
77	PSA	4	1	f3xk			0	Answer me when I call	Alternate translation: “Respond to me when I call” or “Help me when I call”
78	PSA	4	1	dd31			0	God of my righteousness	Alternate translation: “God, who shows that I am righteous”
79	PSA	4	1	n99c	figs-metaphor		0	give me room when I am hemmed in	Being in danger is spoken of as being in a narrow space. Alternate translation: “rescue me when I am in danger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
80	PSA	4	2	r39v			0	General Information:	David sings this part of the song as if he is speaking to his enemies.
81	PSA	4	2	p3x5	figs-rquestion		0	You people, how long will you turn my honor into shame?	David uses this question to rebuke his enemies. Alternate translation: “You people continually turn my honor into shame!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
82	PSA	4	2	vy7i			0	turn my honor into shame	Shaming him instead of honoring him is spoken of as making his honor become shame. Alternate translation: “shame me instead of honoring me” or “bring me shame when you should be honoring me”
83	PSA	4	2	i8ct	figs-rquestion		0	How long will you love that which is worthless and seek after lies?	David uses this question to rebuke his enemies. Alternate translation: “You continue to love things that are worthless and seek after lies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
84	PSA	4	2	mvp9	figs-parallelism		0	love that which is worthless … seek after lies	These two phrases are very similar in meaning. The lies are worthless. Alternate translation: “love worthless lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
85	PSA	4	3	w2gh			0	Yahweh has set apart the faithful ones for himself	Alternate translation: “Yahweh chooses godly people for himself”
86	PSA	4	4	api1	figs-explicit		0	Tremble in fear	The relationship between “tremble” and “fear” and who people should fear can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Fear Yahweh so much that you tremble” or “Stand in awe of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
87	PSA	4	4	u9p9			0	Tremble	shake from fear
88	PSA	4	4	l67w	figs-metonymy		0	Meditate in your heart	The heart represents a person’s thoughts. Thinking carefully is spoken of as meditating in one’s heart. Alternate translation: “Think carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
89	PSA	4	5	h8tj			0	Offer the sacrifices of righteousness	Alternate translation: “Offer the right sacrifices”
90	PSA	4	5	ul9j	figs-metaphor		0	put your trust in Yahweh	Here “trust” is spoken of as if it were an object that could be put somewhere. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **trust**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “trust in Yahweh” or “trust Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
91	PSA	4	6	k53m	figs-rquestion		0	Who will show us anything good?	This question is used either to ask for something or to express a wish about something that has not happened. Alternate translation: “Please show us something good!” or “We wish someone would show us something good!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
92	PSA	4	6	uvl3	figs-metonymy		0	Who will show us anything good?	This could mean: (1) showing something good represents bringing good things. Alternate translation: “Who will bring good things to us?” or (2) showing something good represents saying that good things have happened. Alternate translation: “Who will say that anything good has happened?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
93	PSA	4	6	stu3	figs-metaphor		0	lift up the light of your face on us	The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on them. Alternate translation: “act favorably towards us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
94	PSA	4	7	v4vs	figs-synecdoche		0	You have given my heart more gladness	The heart represents the person. Alternate translation: “You have given me more gladness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
95	PSA	4	7	b9ht	figs-metaphor		0	You have given my heart more gladness than others have	Here “gladness” is spoken of as if it is an object that can be given. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **gladness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “glad.” Alternate translation: “You have made me more glad than others are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
96	PSA	4	7	izx5	figs-metonymy		0	when their grain and new wine abound	“New wine” may represent grapes. Alternate translation: “when they reap plentiful harvests of grain and grapes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
97	PSA	4	8	b57u	figs-metaphor		0	It is in peace that I will lie down and sleep	Peace is spoken of as if it were a place. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will be peaceful when I lie down and sleep” or “I will not be afraid of danger when I lie down and sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
98	PSA	4	8	p2ce	figs-doublet		0	make me safe and secure	The words “safe” and “secure” mean basically the same thing and emphasize complete safety. Alternate translation: “make me completely safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
99	PSA	5	intro	e67h			0		# Psalm 05 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 5 is a psalm of deliverance. Notice how the psalmist both praises God and asks Him for help in defeating the wicked. It was intended to be sung accompanied by flutes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s help<br>God does not help people who do evil but he blesses those who are good and trust in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
100	PSA	5	1	k92k	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
101	PSA	5	1	q7tu			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
102	PSA	5	1	tu54			0	with wind instruments	Alternate translation: “This song should be accompanied by people who play wind instruments.”
103	PSA	5	1	xts1	figs-explicit		0	Listen to my call to you	This is a call for help. Alternate translation: “Listen to me as I call to you for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
104	PSA	5	1	i566			0	groanings	low sounds that people make with the voice when they are suffering
105	PSA	5	3	i42x	figs-parallelism		0	in the morning you hear my cry … in the morning I will bring my petition to you	These two phrases are very similar in meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
106	PSA	5	3	q5qw			0	I will bring my petition to you	Alternate translation: “I will make my request” or “I will ask you for what I need”
107	PSA	5	3	rk6n			0	wait expectantly	Alternate translation: “wait, expecting you to do what I ask you to do”
108	PSA	5	6	qjt8	figs-123person		0	Yahweh despises violent and deceitful men	Since David is speaking to God in this psalm, this sentence can be stated with the word “you.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you despise violent and deceitful men” or “Yahweh, you hate men who do violent acts and deceive others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
109	PSA	5	7	xxs4	figs-abstractnouns		0	because of your great covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
110	PSA	5	7	wus9			0	your house	This refers to God’s temple. Alternate translation: “your temple”
111	PSA	5	8	nj5y	figs-metaphor		0	lead me in your righteousness	David speaks of righteousness as if it were a path and of teaching as leading. The phrase “your righteousness” means that God is righteous Alternate translation: “teach me to do what is righteous as you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
112	PSA	5	8	f99i	figs-metaphor		0	make your path straight before me	David speaks of righteousness as if it were a path. A straight path is easy to see or walk on. Alternate translation: “show me clearly how to live in the right way” or “make it easy for me to do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
113	PSA	5	9	vyp8			0	General Information:	David talks about his enemies.
114	PSA	5	9	yu9i	figs-metonymy		0	For there is no truth in their mouth	Truth being in the mouth represents speaking truthfully. Alternate translation: “For they never say what is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
115	PSA	5	9	w7sn	figs-metonymy		0	their inward being is wicked	The inward being represents people’s thoughts and desires. Alternate translation: “their thoughts and desires are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
116	PSA	5	9	t93l	figs-metonymy		0	their throat	The throat represents people’s speech. Alternate translation: “their speech” or “what they say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
117	PSA	5	9	aj6l	figs-metaphor		0	their throat is an open tomb	Their throat is spoken of as if it were an open tomb, ready for dead bodies to put into it. This could mean: (1) “they say that they will kill people” or (2) “What they say kills people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
118	PSA	5	9	c5lk			0	they flatter with their tongue	Alternate translation: “they say nice things about people without really meaning it”
119	PSA	5	9	w8tw	figs-metonymy		0	their tongue	The tongue represents what people say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
120	PSA	5	10	b8gr			0	may their schemes be their downfall	Alternate translation: “may their schemes cause them to experience disasters” or “may they become less important because of their schemes”
121	PSA	5	10	llj1			0	schemes	plans to harm people
122	PSA	5	10	se86	figs-metaphor		0	downfall	This is something that causes a person to experience disasters or to lose power. Experiencing disaster or becoming less important is spoken of as falling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
123	PSA	5	11	p2xk	figs-metaphor		0	may all those who take refuge in you rejoice	God is spoken of as if he were a refuge, a place where people can be protected. Alternate translation: “May all those who go to you for protection rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
124	PSA	5	11	w32e	figs-parallelism		0	those who take refuge in you rejoice … shout for joy because you defend them	These two clauses express similar thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
125	PSA	5	11	h7eq	figs-metaphor		0	take refuge in you	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
126	PSA	5	11	jnt7	figs-metonymy		0	those who love your name	God’s name represents him. Alternate translation: “those who love you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
127	PSA	5	12	t1zz	figs-simile		0	you will surround them with favor as with a shield	God’s favor is spoken of as if it were a shield. Alternate translation: “you will favor them and protect them as a soldier protects himself with his shield” or “because you are kind to them, you will protect them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
128	PSA	6	intro	gpl3			0		# Psalm 06 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 6 is a deliverance psalm: a call to God for help. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Trouble<br>He is in deep trouble and needs God to help him in his difficult situation. But then God hears his prayer and scatters his enemies.<br><br>### First Person<br><br>This psalm is written using first person making its perspective very personal. There are many uses of the first person in this Psalm.
129	PSA	6	1	qy9s	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
130	PSA	6	1	z78f			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
131	PSA	6	1	w19w			0	on stringed instruments	Alternate translation: “people should play stringed instruments with this song”
132	PSA	6	1	p2j3			0	set to the Sheminith style	This may refer to a style of music.
133	PSA	6	2	at9c	figs-synecdoche		0	my bones are shaking	The bones represent the whole body. His body may have been shaking because he was sick or extremely tired. Alternate translation: “my whole body is shaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
134	PSA	6	3	sd1q			0	very troubled	Alternate translation: “terrified” or “worried”
135	PSA	6	3	vw88	figs-rquestion		0	how long will this continue?	David uses this question to show that he does not want to continue feeling weak and troubled. Alternate translation: please, do not let this continue!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
136	PSA	6	4	rce3	figs-metaphor		0	Return, Yahweh	David speaks of God being kind to him as God returning to him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, come back to me” or “Have mercy on me, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
137	PSA	6	4	fuw3	figs-abstractnouns		0	Save me because of your covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Save me because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
138	PSA	6	5	qb7p	figs-parallelism		0	For in death there is no remembrance of you. In Sheol who will give you thanks?	These two sentences express similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
139	PSA	6	5	pn4j	figs-metonymy		0	For in death there is no remembrance of you	Here, **remembrance** represents praise. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **remembrance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “For when people die, they no longer praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
140	PSA	6	5	mb1j	figs-rquestion		0	In Sheol who will give you thanks?	David uses this question to emphasize that no one in Sheol thanks God. Alternate translation: “No one in Sheol will give you thanks!” or “The dead cannot praise you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
141	PSA	6	6	ge93	figs-metonymy		0	I am weary with my groaning	His groaning represents the pain or distress that he feels. Alternate translation: “I am very tired because of my pain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
142	PSA	6	6	bay4	figs-parallelism		0	I drench my bed with tears; I wash my couch away with my tears	These two sentences express the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
143	PSA	6	6	c1qb			0	I drench my bed with tears	Alternate translation: “I make my bed wet with my tears” or “My bed is very wet because of my tears”
144	PSA	6	6	isr5			0	I wash my couch away with my tears	Alternate translation: “I make my couch wet with my tears”
145	PSA	6	7	fup4	figs-metonymy		0	My eyes grow dim	The ability to see is spoken of in terms of the eyes. Alternate translation: “My vision is blurry” or “I cannot see clearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
146	PSA	6	7	gny4	figs-metonymy		0	from grief	Grief here represents crying. Alternate translation: “from crying” or “because I cry so much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
147	PSA	6	9	j23z	figs-parallelism		0	Yahweh has heard my appeal for mercy … Yahweh has accepted my prayer	These two lines have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
148	PSA	6	9	dq36	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh has accepted my prayer	Being willing to do what David has prayed for is spoken of as accepting his prayer. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will respond to my prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
149	PSA	7	intro	zey1			0		# Psalm 07 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 7 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s protection<br>The author had not wronged anyone, yet his enemy was trying to attack him. But he knew that God would protect him.<br><br>### Cush the Benjamite<br>Note the superscription and the specific circumstances. There is no other reference to this incident in the Scriptures. But there are references to David being opposed by those of the tribe of Benjamin during the time he was serving King Saul.
150	PSA	7	1	wzv4	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
151	PSA	7	1	v239			0	A musical composition of David	Alternate translation: “This is a song that David wrote”
152	PSA	7	1	huv1	figs-metaphor		0	take refuge in you!	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
153	PSA	7	2	rzk1	figs-simile		0	they will rip me apart like a lion, tearing me in pieces	David speaks of his enemies attacking him as if they would rip his body apart and tear it in pieces as a lion would. Alternate translation: “they will violently kill me like a lion ripping apart its victim’s body and tearing it in pieces” or “they will violently kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
154	PSA	7	2	x9fh			0	with no one else able to bring me to safety	Alternate translation: “and no one else will be able to save me”
155	PSA	7	5	ej18	figs-metonymy		0	my life	The life represents the person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
156	PSA	7	5	us9e	figs-metonymy		0	overtake me	This represents capturing him. Alternate translation: “capture me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
157	PSA	7	5	txr8	figs-metonymy		0	let him trample my life to the ground	Here “my life” represents the writer. Alternate translation: “allow him to destroy me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
158	PSA	7	5	hav6			0	lay my honor in the dust	This refers to lying dead and unburied in disgrace.
159	PSA	7	6	phd3	figs-metonymy		0	Arise, Yahweh, in your anger	Arising represents doing something or taking action. Alternate translation: “Do something in your anger” or “Be angry at my enemies and take action: (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
160	PSA	7	6	a9lp	figs-metonymy		0	stand up against the rage of my enemies	Fighting against people is spoken of as standing up against them. Alternate translation: “fight against the rage of my enemies” or “attack my enemies who rage against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
161	PSA	7	6	q1qt	figs-metonymy		0	the rage of my enemies	Their rage represents their attacks. Alternate translation: “the attacks of my enemies” or “my enemies who attack me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
162	PSA	7	6	x2us	figs-metaphor		0	wake up	Waking up represents starting to do something or take action. Alternate translation: “Take action” or “Do something” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
163	PSA	7	6	sml1			0	for my sake	Alternate translation: “for me” or “to help me”
164	PSA	7	7	pk8y	figs-synecdoche		0	The countries are assembled	Here the word “countries” represents all of the armies that have gathered to attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
165	PSA	7	7	rb6b	figs-metaphor		0	take once more your rightful place over them	Ruling people is spoken of as being over them. Yahweh’s rightful place refers either to heaven or to ruling in general. Alternate translation: “Rule over them from heaven” or “Rule over them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
166	PSA	7	8	e8kb			0	vindicate me	Alternate translation: “show them that I am not guilty”
167	PSA	7	9	pw1n			0	establish the righteous people	Alternate translation: “make the righteous people strong” or “make the righteous people prosper”
168	PSA	7	9	zql9	figs-metonymy		0	you who examine hearts and minds	The hearts and minds represent people’s desires and thoughts. Alternate translation: “you who know our inner thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
169	PSA	7	10	c7u4	figs-metaphor		0	My shield comes from God	The word “shield” represents God’s protection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
170	PSA	7	11	j5zn	figs-explicit		0	a God who is indignant each day	Who God is angry with can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “a God who is angry with the wicked every day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
171	PSA	7	12	y4zk	figs-metaphor		0	God will sharpen his sword and will prepare his bow for battle	In verses 12 and 13, David speaks of God deciding to punish the wicked as if God were a warrior preparing to fight against them with weapons. Alternate translation: “God will take action against him like a warrior who sharpens his sword and prepares his bow for battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
172	PSA	7	14	l54a	figs-metaphor		0	one who is pregnant with wickedness … conceives destructive plans … gives birth to harmful lies	David speaks of the things that a wicked person does as if the person were pregnant and wickedness was the baby. Alternate translation: “the wicked person. He makes plans to destroy people and produces harmful lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
173	PSA	7	16	p524	figs-metaphor		0	His own destructive plans return to his own head, for his violence comes down on his own head	Destruction and violence are spoken of as if they hit a person’s head or fall down on it. Alternate translation: “His own destructive plans destroy him, for his violence attacks him” or “When he plans to destroy others, others destroy him; when he attacks others, others attack him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
174	PSA	8	intro	rs24			0		# Psalm 08 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 8 is a psalm of worship and praise to God. This was to be sung by a choir.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s creation<br>God has made awesome things in the universe and has exalted humans to be rulers over this creation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/exalt]])<br><br>### A Little Lower than the Heavenly Beings<br><br>[Psalms Psalm 8:4-6](./003.md) is quoted in [Hebrews 2:6-8](../../heb/02/06.md), where it is applied to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])
175	PSA	8	1	lk7t	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
176	PSA	8	1	i9hb			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
177	PSA	8	1	ye1p			0	set to the gittith style	This may refer to a style of music.
178	PSA	8	1	hn59	figs-metonymy		0	how magnificent is your name in all the earth	God’s “name” represents his whole being. Alternate translation: “people all over the world know that you are very great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
179	PSA	8	2	u11e	figs-metaphor		0	Out of the mouth of babies and infants you have established praise	This could mean: (1) praise is spoken of as a solid object that God takes out of babies’ mouths and sets up as a defensive wall or (2) God has created the world so that true praise comes to him from babies. Alternate translation: “You have given babies and infants the ability to praise you” or “It is babies and infants who truly praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
180	PSA	8	3	uj2i	figs-synecdoche		0	your heavens, which your fingers have made	God’s fingers represent him. Alternate translation: “the heavens which you have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
181	PSA	8	4	yhh5	figs-rquestion		0	Of what importance is the human race that you notice them, or mankind that you pay attention to them?	These remarks have been expressed in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “It is amazing that you think about people and are concerned about them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
182	PSA	8	4	k9i2			0	the human race … mankind	Both of these phrases refer to people in general.
183	PSA	8	5	sr48	figs-metaphor		0	have crowned them with glory and honor	Glory and honor are spoken of as if they were crowns. The words “glory” and “honor” are similar in meaning. Alternate translation: “have given them glory and honor” or “have caused them to be like kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
184	PSA	8	6	x6z3	figs-parallelism		0	You make him to rule over the works … you have put all things under his feet	These two clauses express similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
185	PSA	8	6	rc4e			0	You make him … under his feet	“you make them … under their feet.” The words “him” and “his” here refer to people.
186	PSA	8	6	xti1	figs-metonymy		0	the works of your hands	The hands represent what God has done. Alternate translation: “the things that you made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
187	PSA	8	6	py2w	figs-metaphor		0	you have put all things under his feet	Having authority to rule others or control things is spoken of as having them under one’s feet. This means God gave people authority over all that he created. Alternate translation: “you have given him authority over all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
188	PSA	8	9	y339	figs-exclamations		0	how magnificent is your name in all the earth	With this exclamation, David shows his joy and awe about how great God is. Alternate translation: “your name is wonderfully magnificent in all the earth” or “people in all the earth know how magnificent you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
189	PSA	8	9	dvi7	figs-metonymy		0	your name	God’s “name” represents him or his reputation. Alternate translation: “your reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
190	PSA	8	9	bf2u			0	magnificent	excellent, great
191	PSA	9	intro	zq96			0		# Psalm 09 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 9 is a psalm of praise.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s protection<br>God is a protector. He is all-powerful and his enemies cannot withstand him.<br><br>### Acrostic Psalm<br><br>This psalm along with Psalm 10 form an acrostic. Which means that each unit begins with a successive letter of the Hebrew alphabet.<br><br>### One Psalm or two<br><br>This psalm has a superscription but Psalm 10 doesn’t. This fact and the acrostic nature of the two psalms has lead some scholars to believe these two psalms may have originally been written as one psalm.
192	PSA	9	1	xxu5	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
193	PSA	9	1	w9iy			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
194	PSA	9	1	nqw5			0	set to Muth Labben	This may refer to a style of music.
195	PSA	9	1	lr4k	figs-123person		0	I will give thanks to Yahweh with my whole heart	Since this song is addressed to Yahweh, Yahweh can be referred to as “you.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh, I will give thanks to you with all my heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
196	PSA	9	1	f4r1	figs-abstractnouns		0	all your marvelous deeds	The noun “deeds” can be expressed with the verb “do.” Alternate translation: “all the marvelous things you do” or “all the marvelous things you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
197	PSA	9	2	vh6j	figs-metonymy		0	I will sing praise to your name	Here God’s name represents God. Alternate translation: “I will sing praise to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
198	PSA	9	3	j685			0	turn back	Alternate translation: “retreat” or “flee in fear”
199	PSA	9	4	nvz1	figs-metonymy		0	you sit on your throne, a righteous judge	Kings had authority to judge people, and they would sit on their throne when they judged. David speaks as if God were an earthly king. Alternate translation: “you judge like a king who sits on his throne, and you are righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
200	PSA	9	5	cw1j	figs-metaphor		0	you have blotted out their name forever and ever	Causing people to be forgotten is spoken of as blotting out their name. Alternate translation: “you have caused them to be forgotten as if their name was blotted out” or “no one will ever remember them again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
201	PSA	9	5	bs94			0	blotted out	Alternate translation: “erased”
202	PSA	9	6	dj3h	figs-simile		0	The enemy crumbled like ruins	The enemy is spoken of as if it were a city full of broken down buildings. Alternate translation: “Our enemies were destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
203	PSA	9	6	b9n1			0	when you overthrew their cities	Alternate translation: “when you destroyed their cities”
204	PSA	9	6	pi7j	figs-metaphor		0	All remembrance of them has perished	Here “remembrance” is spoken of as if it were a living being that could die. Alternate translation: “All remembrance of them has stopped” or “There is no longer any remembrance of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
205	PSA	9	6	c6yp	figs-abstractnouns		0	All remembrance of them has perished	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **remembrance**, you could express the same idea with the verb “remember.” Alternate translation: “No one remembers them at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
206	PSA	9	7	x7xg	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh remains forever	“Remain” probably represents sitting on the throne as king. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sits on his throne forever” or “Yahweh rules forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
207	PSA	9	7	h8nu	figs-metonymy		0	he has established his throne for justice	The phrase “his throne” represents God’s rule. This could mean: (1) “He rules in order to judge people” or (2) “He rules over people justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
208	PSA	9	8	pgg5	figs-parallelism		0	He will judge the world with righteousness … he will execute judgment for the nations with fairness	These two clauses express the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
209	PSA	9	8	dz3w	figs-metonymy		0	He will judge the world with righteousness	Here “the world” refers to all the people in the world. Alternate translation: “He will judge all the people of the world righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
210	PSA	9	9	y7hd	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh also will be a stronghold for the oppressed	God is spoken of as if he were a place that people could go to for safety. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will also protect the oppressed” or “Yahweh will also provide safety for those who are oppressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
211	PSA	9	10	mb1z	figs-metonymy		0	Those who know your name	Here the words “your name” represent God. Alternate translation: “Those who know you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
212	PSA	9	10	dj61			0	do not abandon	Alternate translation: “do not forsake” or “do not leave”
213	PSA	9	11	nb7x			0	who rules in Zion	Alternate translation: “who lives in Jerusalem”
214	PSA	9	11	i7js	figs-metonymy		0	tell the nations	Here “the nations” represents the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
215	PSA	9	12	lcs5	figs-explicit		0	For the God who avenges bloodshed remembers	What he remembers can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “For the God who avenges bloodshed remembers those who were killed” or “For God remembers those who were killed and he punishes the killers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
216	PSA	9	12	wk9a			0	he does not forget the cry	Alternate translation: “He does not ignore the cry”
217	PSA	9	13	j8i9	figs-activepassive		0	see how I am oppressed by those who hate me	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “see how those who hate me oppress me” or “see how badly my enemies treat me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
218	PSA	9	13	p41p	figs-metaphor		0	you who can snatch me from the gates of death	Death is spoken of as if it were a city that had gates through which people enter it. If someone is near the gates of death, it means that he will die soon. Keeping someone from dying is spoken of as taking him away from the gates of that city. Alternate translation: “you who can rescue me from death” or “you who can keep me from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
219	PSA	9	15	re95	figs-metaphor		0	The nations have sunk down into the pit that they made	People dig pits so they can catch animals that fall into them. Here digging a pit represents making plans to destroy people. Alternate translation: “The nations are like people who dig a pit for others and then fall into it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
220	PSA	9	15	g4gq	figs-metaphor		0	their feet are caught in the net that they hid	People hide nets so they can catch animals that get caught in them. Here hiding a net represents making plans to destroy people. Alternate translation: “they are like people who hide a net and get trapped in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
221	PSA	9	16	fy3r	figs-nominaladj		0	the wicked is ensnared by his own actions	Here “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to any wicked person. A wicked person acting to harm other people is spoken of as if the wicked person had made a trap and then fallen into it and been unable to escape. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when a wicked person tries to harm other people, his actions will end up harming him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
222	PSA	9	16	z41t			0	is ensnared	Alternate translation: “is trapped”
223	PSA	9	17	bw3u			0	turned back	Alternate translation: “rejected”
224	PSA	9	17	wmb4			0	all the nations that forget God	This refers to “the wicked.”
225	PSA	9	18	f28n	figs-activepassive		0	For the needy will not always be forgotten	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will not always forget the needy” or “God will remember the needy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
226	PSA	9	18	ln7u	figs-metaphor		0	nor will the hope of the oppressed be forever dashed	Hopes are spoken of as if they were objects that could be broken or destroyed. Hopes being destroyed represents the things that people hope for never happening. Alternate translation: “and the oppressed will not hope forever without results” or “and someday what the oppressed hope for will happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
227	PSA	9	19	zrv7	figs-metonymy		0	Arise	Getting up represents starting to do something. Alternate translation: “Do something” or “Take action” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
228	PSA	9	19	dw6d			0	man	people
229	PSA	9	19	f879	figs-metonymy		0	be judged	Here judging represents punishing. Alternate translation: “be punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
230	PSA	9	19	dca3	figs-metonymy		0	in your sight	Here sight represents presence. Alternate translation: “in your presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
231	PSA	9	19	xin9	figs-activepassive		0	may the nations be judged in your sight	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “judge the nations in your presence” or “take the nations into your presence and punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
232	PSA	10	intro	h366			0		# Psalm 010 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 10 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Evil people<br>The wicked people are prospering and think that God does not care. They think that he is not involved in these affairs. They destroy the innocent. The godly need God to come to their rescue and to punish the wicked people for the evil that they are doing to the good people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/innocent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])<br><br>### Second half of Psalm 9<br><br>As noted in the intro to the last psalm, this one is part of an acrostic poem. This psalm covers the last half on the Hebrew alphabet. It also does not have a superscription to introduce it. However, the psalms do separate well on the subjects they address. One addresses thanksgiving and praise whereas Psalm 10 is a lament. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])
233	PSA	10	1	he97	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
234	PSA	10	1	l729	figs-rquestion		0	Why, Yahweh, do you stand far off? Why do you hide yourself in times of trouble?	The speaker uses these questions to express his distress that God has not helped him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, it seems as though you are far away from me and you hide from me whenever I am in trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
235	PSA	10	2	ml6r			0	schemes	evil plans
236	PSA	10	3	hd9r	figs-genericnoun		0	the wicked person	This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
237	PSA	10	3	lk5v	figs-abstractnouns		0	his deepest desires	The noun “desires” can be expressed with the verb “want. “Alternate translation: “the things that he wants very much to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
238	PSA	10	3	bcd9			0	the greedy	Alternate translation: “greedy people”
239	PSA	10	4	nkz2	figs-genericnoun		0	The wicked man	This refers here to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
240	PSA	10	4	es9w	figs-metaphor		0	has a raised face	A raised face represents pride or arrogance. Alternate translation: “has an arrogant attitude” or “is proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
241	PSA	10	4	je9x	figs-metaphor		0	he does not seek God	Here, seeking **God** could mean: (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “he does not ask God for help” or “he does not think about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
242	PSA	10	5	h3lz			0	He is secure at all times	“He is safe at all times.” He is not really safe, but he thinks that he is.
243	PSA	10	5	ee2m	figs-metaphor		0	your righteous decrees are too high for him	Something that is hard to understand is spoken of as if it were too high to reach. Alternate translation: “he cannot understand your righteous decrees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
244	PSA	10	5	bbt7	translate-symaction		0	he snorts at all his enemies	People snort at their enemies when they think that their enemies are weak and worthless. Alternate translation: “he thinks that all his enemies are weak and worthless” or “he sneers at all his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
245	PSA	10	5	dxb3			0	he snorts	This means that he blows air out noisily through his nose.
246	PSA	10	6	j7qk			0	He says	Alternate translation: “The wicked man says”
247	PSA	10	6	xus1			0	throughout all generations	This probably simply means “forever.”
248	PSA	10	6	y26y	figs-metaphor		0	I will not meet adversity	Experiencing adversity is spoken of as meeting it. Alternate translation: “I will not have any troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
249	PSA	10	7	d42j	figs-metonymy		0	His mouth is full of curses and lies and oppression	What people say is spoken of as being in their mouth. Alternate translation: “He always curses people, tells lies, and threatens to harm people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
250	PSA	10	7	xj9b	figs-metonymy		0	under his tongue are mischief and evil	Here the tongue represents speaking. Alternate translation: or “what he says injures and destroys people” or “he speaks words that threaten and hurt people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
251	PSA	10	8	x2zt			0	He waits in ambush	The word “he” refers to the wicked man.
252	PSA	10	8	urg9	figs-synecdoche		0	his eyes look for some helpless victim	The eyes represent him. Alternate translation: “he looks for some helpless victim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
253	PSA	10	9	sd5u	figs-simile		0	He lurks in secret like a lion in the thicket	This speaks of the wicked person as if he were a lion. Alternate translation: “He hides while he waits for the weak to walk near him, the same way a lion quietly waits in the bush for the animal it wants to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
254	PSA	10	9	jkf7			0	lurks	This means to hide or wait with intent to harm or kill.
255	PSA	10	9	ug79			0	he lies in wait	Alternate translation: “lies down waiting” or “he hides and waits”
256	PSA	10	9	g5jl	figs-metaphor		0	He catches the oppressed when he pulls in his net	The writer speaks of the wicked person catching people as if he were a hunter using a net to catch animals. Alternate translation: “He catches the oppressed like a hunter that catches an animal in a net and drags it away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
257	PSA	10	10	bcg4	figs-metaphor		0	they fall into his strong nets	The writer continues to speak of the wicked person catching people as if he were a hunter, his plans were nets, and the people were animals that fall into his net. Alternate translation: “his victims are caught by his plans like animals that fall into a hunter’s strong nets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
258	PSA	10	11	y4zx	figs-genericnoun		0	He says	The word “He” refers to the wicked person, and to wicked people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
259	PSA	10	11	ty8w	figs-metaphor		0	God has forgotten	Refusing to pay attention to what people do is spoken of as forgetting. Alternate translation: “God does not pay attention” or “God does not care about what I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
260	PSA	10	11	vdi5	figs-metaphor		0	he covers his face	Refusing to pay attention to what someone does is spoken of as covering one’s face. Alternate translation: “God refuses to see what is happening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
261	PSA	10	11	xd2r	figs-metaphor		0	he will not bother to look	Paying attention to what someone does is spoken of as looking at it. Alternate translation: “he will not bother to pay attention” or “he will not care” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
262	PSA	10	12	l9k2	figs-metaphor		0	Arise	Starting to do something is spoken of as getting up. Alternate translation: “Do something” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
263	PSA	10	12	k3kx	figs-metonymy		0	Lift up your hand	Here lifting the hand to hit someone represents punishing him. Alternate translation: “Hit him hard” or “Punish the wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
264	PSA	10	13	w9gj	figs-rquestion		0	Why does the wicked man reject God and say…“You will not hold me accountable”?	The speaker uses this question to show that he is very sad that wicked people do these things. Alternate translation: “Wicked people are always rejecting God and saying…‘You will not hold me accountable.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
265	PSA	10	13	tfq6	figs-metonymy		0	You will not hold me accountable	“You will not require me to tell you why I do what I do.” Holding someone accountable here represents punishing him. Alternate translation: “You will not punish me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
266	PSA	10	15	v9ju	figs-metonymy		0	Break the arm of the wicked and evil man	Here “arm” represents power. Alternate translation: “Destroy the power of the wicked and evil man” or “Make the wicked and evil man weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
267	PSA	10	15	z4yy	figs-doublet		0	wicked and evil	These words have the same meaning. You can use one word to express both concepts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
268	PSA	10	15	m5mv	figs-metonymy		0	Make him account for his evil deeds	Making someone account for his evil deeds represents punishing him. Alternate translation: “Punish him for the evil things he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
269	PSA	10	16	zc2f	figs-activepassive		0	the nations are driven out of his land	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “Yahweh forces the people of other nations to leave his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
270	PSA	10	17	d6nx	figs-explicit		0	you have heard the needs of the oppressed	It is implied that the oppressed people cried out to God. Alternate translation: “when oppressed people cried out to you, you listened to them tell you what they need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
271	PSA	10	17	yqz9	figs-metonymy		0	you strengthen their heart	A strong heart represents courage, and making people’s hearts strong represents encouraging them. Alternate translation: “you encourage them” or “you make them confident” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
272	PSA	10	18	w3s1			0	no man … will cause terror again	Alternate translation: “no one … will cause people to be afraid again”
273	PSA	11	intro	zn9r			0		# Psalm 011 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 11 is a worship psalm. It tells how great God is and that God delivers the good people from the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Justice<br>The wicked people try to destroy the good people but God knows everything that is being done and he saves the good people and destroys the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
274	PSA	11	1	t2nr	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
275	PSA	11	1	ca3b			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
276	PSA	11	1	i5j2	figs-metaphor		0	take refuge in Yahweh	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to Yahweh for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
277	PSA	11	1	dp1y	figs-rquestion		0	how will you say to me, “Flee like a bird to the mountain”?	This question is asked to provide emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “So do not ask me to run away!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
278	PSA	11	2	lc13			0	For see! The wicked prepare their bows. They make ready their arrows on the strings to shoot in the darkness at the upright in heart	Alternate translation: “Look! the wicked are preparing to attack upright people”
279	PSA	11	2	td66			0	upright in heart	Here “upright in heart” refers to godly or righteous people.
280	PSA	11	3	dyu6	figs-rquestion		0	For if the foundations are ruined, what can the righteous do?	Here “the foundations” may refer to law and order. This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Righteous people cannot do anything when evil people are not punished when they disobey the laws!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
281	PSA	11	4	je8v	figs-synecdoche		0	his eyes watch, his eyes examine the children of mankind	Here Yahweh is represented by his “eyes.” Yahweh is aware of everything that happens. Alternate translation: “He examines all that humanity does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
282	PSA	11	4	u9bt			0	children of mankind	Alternate translation: “humanity”
283	PSA	11	5	ars4			0	Yahweh examines	Alternate translation: “Yahweh watches carefully”
284	PSA	11	5	qa59			0	do violence	Alternate translation: “hurt others”
285	PSA	11	6	t8lu	figs-metaphor		0	He rains burning coals and brimstone upon the wicked; a scorching wind will be their portion from his cup!	God’s punishment is described as if it were burning coals and brimstone from a volcano. Alternate translation: “He punishes the wicked; there will be no relief for them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
286	PSA	11	6	i1h8			0	brimstone	sulphur
287	PSA	11	7	ai4r			0	see his face	Alternate translation: “be in his presence”
288	PSA	12	intro	c38b			0		# Psalm 012 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 12 is a judgment psalm, where the author asks God to judge and punish the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh saves<br>There are so many wicked people now and they are proud of their evil. But God will save the poor who call out to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]])<br><br>### Words<br>This relatively short psalm focuses on the words people use.
289	PSA	12	1	lrn6	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
290	PSA	12	1	l7ap			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
291	PSA	12	1	d3jh			0	set to the Sheminith	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 6:1](../006/001.md).
292	PSA	12	1	w9wb			0	Help, Yahweh	Alternate translation: “Yahweh, come to my aid”
293	PSA	12	1	ckb5			0	those who have integrity have vanished	Alternate translation: “faithful people have all vanished”
294	PSA	12	2	p59u	figs-hyperbole		0	Everyone says … everyone speaks	The two occurrences of “everyone” are exaggerations, used to emphasize that this is true of very many people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
295	PSA	12	2	k6d8	figs-metonymy		0	everyone speaks with flattering lips and a double heart	Here “lips” is a metonym for what people say, and “a double heart” is a metaphor for deception. Alternate translation: “everyone speaks with flattering words and deception” or “everyone praises people falsely and tells lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
296	PSA	12	3	cis2	figs-metaphor		0	cut off all flattering lips	Here “flattering lips” is a metonym for people who flatter others. This could mean: (1) “cut off” is a metaphor for killing. Alternate translation: “kill all who flatter others” or (2) “cut off” is a metaphor for stopping something. Alternate translation: “stop all those who flatter others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
297	PSA	12	3	g9k2	figs-synecdoche		0	every tongue declaring great things	Here “every tongue” represents every person who declares great things. Alternate translation: “every person who boasts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
298	PSA	12	4	j1nx	figs-metonymy		0	With our tongues will we prevail	Here the word “tongues” represents what people say. Alternate translation: “We will prevail because of what we say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
299	PSA	12	4	ay1a			0	will we prevail	Alternate translation: “we will succeed” or “we will win” or “we will be victorious”
300	PSA	12	4	n8z2	figs-synecdoche		0	When our lips speak	Here the “lips” represents the people who speak. Alternate translation: “When we speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
301	PSA	12	4	le51	figs-rquestion		0	who can be master over us?	This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that they believed no one could rule over them. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one can rule over us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
302	PSA	12	5	bgl1			0	groans	These are deep sounds that people make because of pain or some strong emotion.
303	PSA	12	5	qr86			0	I will arise,” says Yahweh	This means Yahweh will do something to help the people.
304	PSA	12	6	jt35	figs-simile		0	like silver purified in a furnace on the earth, refined seven times	Yahweh’s words are compared to silver that has been purified. Alternate translation: “they are without any imperfection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
305	PSA	12	7	txp6			0	You keep them	Alternate translation: “You keep the righteous people safe”
306	PSA	12	8	q4v9			0	walk on every side	Alternate translation: “surround us”
307	PSA	12	8	y7uy	figs-activepassive		0	when evil is exalted among the children of mankind	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when people everywhere are praising evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
308	PSA	12	8	lrt6			0	children of mankind	Alternate translation: “human beings” or “people”
309	PSA	13	intro	nza7			0		# Psalm 013 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 13 is a psalm of deliverance because the psalmist is calling on God to deliver him from death and his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s help<br>The author needs God to help him because his enemies will rejoice if they are able to defeat him. The string of rhetorical questions is very effective at heightening the fear David is feeling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])
310	PSA	13	1	vsr8	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
311	PSA	13	1	hwf6			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
312	PSA	13	1	xg9c	figs-rquestion		0	How long, Yahweh, will you keep forgetting about me?	This question is asked to get the reader’s attention and to add emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, it seems that you have forgotten about me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
313	PSA	13	1	v3px	figs-synecdoche		0	How long … face from me?	The words “your face” represent God’s whole being. This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems like you are hiding from me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
314	PSA	13	2	pg6n	figs-rquestion		0	How long will my enemy triumph over me?	This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely my enemies will not always defeat me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
315	PSA	13	3	vs9y			0	Look at me and answer me	Alternate translation: “Give me your attention and listen to me”
316	PSA	13	3	x789	figs-idiom		0	Give light to my eyes	This is a way of asking for strength. Alternate translation: “Make me strong again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
317	PSA	13	3	t9hl	figs-euphemism		0	or I will sleep in death	To “sleep in death” means to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
318	PSA	13	4	ucm3			0	Do not let my enemy say … so that my enemy may not say	Alternate translation: “Do not let my enemy say about me … so that my enemy may not say about me”
319	PSA	13	4	x5p1			0	when I am brought down	Alternate translation: “when I fall” or “when they defeat me”
320	PSA	13	5	l1in	figs-abstractnouns		0	I have trusted in your covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I have trusted that you are faithful to your covenant” or “I have trusted you because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
321	PSA	13	5	s3s4	figs-synecdoche		0	my heart rejoices in your salvation	Here “my heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will rejoice because you have rescued me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
322	PSA	14	intro	a269			0		# Psalm 014 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 14 is a deliverance psalm because he is trusting God to deliver the poor. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Evil people<br>Wicked people do not even consider God when they make their plans. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
323	PSA	14	1	ghg8	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
324	PSA	14	1	l8jh			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
325	PSA	14	1	bwz9	figs-idiom		0	A fool says in his heart	This is an idiom that means to say to oneself or to think to oneself. Alternate translation: “A foolish person says to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
326	PSA	14	1	r75x			0	They are corrupt	The word “they” refers to all foolish human beings who say there is no God.
327	PSA	14	2	zm7b			0	children of mankind	This phrase refers to all humans.
328	PSA	14	2	vw7w	figs-metaphor		0	who seek after him	This describes those who desire to know God as if they were actually following him on a path. Alternate translation: “who desire to know him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
329	PSA	14	3	l4ef	figs-metaphor		0	They have all turned away	This describes people who have rejected God as if they had stopped walking on the right path and had gone in another direction. Alternate translation: “They have all turned away from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
330	PSA	14	4	v11h	figs-rquestion		0	Do they not know anything … who do not call on Yahweh?	This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “They act as if they do not know anything … who do not call on Yahweh. But they know what they are doing!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
331	PSA	14	4	a11q	figs-abstractnouns		0	those who commit iniquity	The abstract nouns “iniquity” can be stated as “evil deeds.” Alternate translation: “those who do evil deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
332	PSA	14	4	amq1	figs-metaphor		0	those who eat up my people	This refers to those who do evil things and destroy God’s people as if they were eating food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
333	PSA	14	5	g962			0	They tremble	The word “they” refers to those who do evil things.
334	PSA	14	5	p7fp	figs-explicit		0	God is with the righteous assembly	To say that “God is with” those who are righteous means that he helps them. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “God helps those who act righteously” or “God helps those who do the right things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
335	PSA	14	6	a6ad			0	You want	The word “you” here refers to the wicked people.
336	PSA	14	6	eb9r			0	to humiliate the poor person	Alternate translation: “to make the person who is poor feel ashamed”
337	PSA	14	6	ysx7	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh is his refuge	This speaks of the protection that Yahweh provides as if he were a shelter that one might seek in a storm. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is like a shelter of protection to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
338	PSA	14	7	uji3	figs-exclamations		0	Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion!	This is an exclamation. The writer is saying what he wishes or longs for God to do. Alternate translation: “I wish so much that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
339	PSA	14	7	xxx6	figs-metonymy		0	Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion!	Here “the salvation of Israel” is a metonym for Yahweh, the one who saves Israel. Alternate translation: “Oh, that Yahweh would come from Zion and save Israel!” or “I wish that Yahweh would come from Zion and rescue his people Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
340	PSA	14	7	h25q	figs-parallelism		0	then Jacob will rejoice and Israel will be glad	These two phrases mean the same thing. Here both “Jacob” and “Israel” represent the people of Israel. The two phrases can be combined in the translation. Alternate translation: “then all the people of Israel will rejoice greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
341	PSA	15	intro	j6s2			0		# Psalm 015 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 15 is a wisdom psalm telling how people who honor God should live. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Godliness<br>This psalm outlines a person who is godly and sees others from a godly perspective. There are several good actions mentioned. Such a person treats his neighbor right, does not slander him, does not take a bribe or interest from him, and keeps his promises even when it is difficult to do so. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br><br>### Moral Conditions for Worship<br><br>Scholars have noted that this psalm contains a list of ten different conditions for those who want to participate in worship at the temple. The list consists of three positives in verse 2, 3 negatives in verse 3, two positives in verse 4, followed by two negatives in verse 5. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
342	PSA	15	1	u6j8	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
343	PSA	15	1	sql5	figs-metonymy		0	Who may live on your holy hill?	God’s “holy hill” represents God’s temple, which was on Mount Zion. Alternate translation: “Who may live in your holy place?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
344	PSA	15	2	jg77			0	speaks truth from his heart	Alternate translation: “speaks honestly”
345	PSA	15	3	n4z5	figs-metonymy		0	He does not slander with his tongue	Here “tongue” represents what a person says. The word “he” refers to the “righeous person” ([Psalms 15:2](../015/002.md)). Alternate translation: “He does not slander people with his speech” or “He does not say evil things about innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
346	PSA	15	3	ih3s			0	harm	hurt
347	PSA	15	4	y2jl			0	The worthless person is despised in his eyes, but he honors those who fear Yahweh	Alternate translation: “Righteous people hate those who have rejected God, but they honor those who respect God”
348	PSA	15	4	y1aw			0	The worthless person	Alternate translation: “The wicked person” or “The person who has rejected Yahweh”
349	PSA	15	5	qq63	figs-metaphor		0	will never be shaken	Here “to be shaken” represents not living safely any longer. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will live in safety” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
350	PSA	16	intro	hm6c			0		# Psalm 016 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 16 is a psalm of praise, thanking God for all his mercies. The New Testament considers this psalm to be a messianic psalm: a psalm about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Messiah<br>God has been so good to the psalmist, who will worship no other god. The New Testament considers the tenth verse to be about Christ’s resurrection when it says that he is God’s anointed one, and that God will not leave his body in the grave to decay. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]])<br><br>### Superscription<br>The term “Michtam” is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this term, but in the end no one is certain what it means. So it is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you are welcome to translate it as “psalm.”
351	PSA	16	1	m94a	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
352	PSA	16	1	u6cp	figs-metaphor		0	take refuge in you	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
353	PSA	16	3	b6f8	figs-explicit		0	the holy people who are on the earth	Here “holy people” refers to God’s own people who trust him. Alternate translation: “your people who live in this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
354	PSA	16	4	j4m1	figs-activepassive		0	Their troubles will be … gods	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The troubles of those who seek other gods will increase” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
355	PSA	16	4	b7s4			0	pour out … blood to their gods	Alternate translation: “pour out blood as a sacrifice to their gods”
356	PSA	16	4	xj7h	figs-exmetaphor		0	or lift up their names with my lips	Lifting up their names is a metaphor for praising them, and “lips” is a metonym for what one says. Alternate translation: “or praise them with my words” or “and I will not praise their gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
357	PSA	16	5	v4p8	figs-metaphor		0	my chosen portion	Here David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a portion of land that has been given to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
358	PSA	16	5	b3bh	figs-metaphor		0	my cup	Here David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a cup that contains many blessings. Alternate translation: “the one who blesses me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
359	PSA	16	5	efb4			0	You hold onto my lot	Alternate translation: “You determine my future” or “You control what will happen to me”
360	PSA	16	6	qf7f	figs-metonymy		0	Measuring lines … in pleasant places	Here laying down measuring lines is a metonym for measuring land and giving it to someone, and here this is a metaphor for God blessing David in many great ways. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You have measured off land for me in pleasant places” or “You have given me land in pleasant places” or “You bless me like one who gives land in pleasant places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
361	PSA	16	6	ag3m			0	Measuring lines	These are ropes that people use to measure a plot of land and mark its boundaries.
362	PSA	16	6	af57	figs-metaphor		0	surely a pleasing inheritance is mine	Here David speaks of Yahweh’s blessings as if they were an inheritance that he has received. Alternate translation: “I am delighted with all the things that he has given me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
363	PSA	16	8	z682			0	I set Yahweh before me at all times	Alternate translation: “I always remember that Yahweh is with me”
364	PSA	16	8	yj9i	figs-activepassive		0	so I will not be shaken from his right hand	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “nothing will take me away from his side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
365	PSA	16	9	p2bc	figs-metonymy		0	my heart is glad	Here the “heart” represents the speaker’s thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “Therefore I am glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
366	PSA	16	9	e6e1			0	my glory is rejoicing	This could mean: (1) the word “glory” represents the honor a person feels. Alternate translation: “I am honored to rejoice in God” or (2) the word translated “glory” really means “liver” and represents the speaker’s emotions. Alternate translation: “I am rejoicing”
367	PSA	16	11	b54u			0	abundant joy	Alternate translation: “great joy” or “a large amount of joy”
368	PSA	16	11	hxq5	figs-personification		0	joy resides in your presence	The writer speaks of “joy” as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
369	PSA	16	11	v4yr	figs-idiom		0	in your right hand	The words “right hand” indicate being in God’s special presence. Alternate translation: “when I am near you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
370	PSA	17	intro	thd2			0		# Psalm 017 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 17 is a prayer for deliverance from all his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Innocence<br>The psalmist is innocent and needs God to rescue him from these enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/innocent]])
371	PSA	17	1	y32y	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
372	PSA	17	1	z6y3	figs-metaphor		0	Give ear to my prayer from lips without deceit	The phrase “give ear” is a metaphor for listening, and “lips without deceit” is synecdoche for a person who does not lie. Alternate translation: “Listen to my prayer for I speak without deceit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
373	PSA	17	2	k4su	figs-metaphor		0	Let my vindication come from your presence	Vindication coming from God represents God judging someone and declaring him innocent. God’s “presence” is a metonym for God himself. Alternate translation: “Let my vindication come from you” or “Declare that I am innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
374	PSA	17	2	t9kx	figs-synecdoche		0	let your eyes see what is right!	Here “your eyes” is synecdoche for God himself, and “see” is a metaphor for paying attention and firmly deciding to do something. Alternate translation: “please see what is right” or “do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
375	PSA	17	3	pi85	figs-idiom		0	If you test my heart, if you come to me in the night	Here “test my heart” means to examine my thoughts and motives. Alternate translation: “If you examine my thoughts in the night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
376	PSA	17	3	w51q	figs-personification		0	my mouth will not transgress	Here the mouth is spoken of as if it were capable of acting on its own. It also represents the words that a person speaks. Alternate translation: “I will not tell lies or sin with my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
377	PSA	17	4	u1m8	figs-metonymy		0	it is at the word of your lips that I have kept myself from the ways of the lawless	Here “the word of your lips” is a metonym for God’s instruction, and “the ways of the lawless” is a metaphor for the things that lawless people do. Alternate translation: “it is by obeying your instruction that I have kept myself from doing the things that lawless people do” or “your instruction has caused me to avoid doing wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
378	PSA	17	5	nw8l	figs-parallelism		0	My steps have held firmly to your tracks; my feet have not slipped	Both of these clauses mean the same thing. The repetition adds emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
379	PSA	17	5	ve61	figs-metaphor		0	my feet have not slipped	The writer speaks of his obedience to God as if he were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “I am determined to follow your ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
380	PSA	17	6	fh7p	figs-parallelism		0	turn your ear to me … listen when I speak	These phrases mean the same thing. Here “your ear” refers to God’s willingness to hear someone who prays to him. Alternate translation: “pay attention to me … listen when I speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
381	PSA	17	7	m4v2	figs-abstractnouns		0	Show your covenant faithfulness in a wonderful way	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Show in a wonderful way that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
382	PSA	17	7	g2x5	figs-metonymy		0	your right hand	The “right hand” refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “your mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
383	PSA	17	7	ll6h	figs-metaphor		0	take refuge in you	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
384	PSA	17	8	ar64	figs-simile		0	Protect me like the apple of your eye	The “apple of your eye” refers to something that is valuable. Alternate translation: “Protect me as you would something most valuable and precious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
385	PSA	17	8	f3hh	figs-metaphor		0	hide me under the shadow of your wings	David speaks of God’s protection as if he were a bird protecting its young under its wings. Alternate translation: “Keep me safe as a mother bird protects her babies by gathering them under her wing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
386	PSA	17	10	rd6l	figs-synecdoche		0	their mouths speak with pride	Here “their mouths speak” represents his enemies when they speak. Alternate translation: “they speak with pride” or “they are always boasting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
387	PSA	17	11	yzx5	figs-metonymy		0	They have surrounded my steps	Here “surrounded my steps” represents how David’s enemies have followed him everywhere he goes in order to capture him. Alternate translation: “My enemies have surrounded me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
388	PSA	17	12	iq89	figs-parallelism		0	like a lion eager for a victim, like a young lion crouching in hidden places	These two phrases express very similar ideas. The repetition adds intensity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
389	PSA	17	12	c8wr	figs-simile		0	They are like a lion … like a young lion	The writer feels pursued the way a lion hunts its prey (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
390	PSA	17	13	p2s3	figs-metaphor		0	by your sword	This is a metaphor for Yahweh’s power and for violent death in war. Alternate translation: “by having them die in war” or “by killing them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
391	PSA	17	14	mf1x	figs-parallelism		0	Rescue me from men by your hand, Yahweh, from men of this world	This clause adds intensity to the words “Rescue my life from the wicked by your sword” ([Psalms 17:13](../017/013.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
392	PSA	17	14	wh2m	figs-metonymy		0	by your hand	These words represent the power of Yahweh and add intensity to the words “by your sword” ([Psalms 17:13](../017/013.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
393	PSA	17	14	xg3n	figs-metaphor		0	You will fill the bellies of your treasured ones with riches	The ancient text is hard to understand. This could mean: (1) “treasured” is a metaphor for loved, and “your treasured ones” refers to the people whom God loves. Alternate translation: “you will fill the bellies of the people you love with riches” or (2) “your treasured ones” refers to treasures that God gives to people, the “men of this world” Alternate translation: “you will fill their bellies with rich treasures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
394	PSA	17	14	knu1	figs-metaphor		0	You will fill the bellies … with riches	Here “fill the bellies … with riches” is a metaphor for giving them many valuable things. This could mean: (1) “You will give many riches to the people you love” or (2) “you will give the men of this world many riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
395	PSA	17	15	ck39	figs-synecdoche		0	I will see your face in righteousness	Here “face” represents Yahweh in all of his being. David is confident he will see Yahweh. Alternate translation: “because I act in the right way, I will be with you one day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
396	PSA	17	15	bpx8	figs-explicit		0	I will be satisfied, when I awake, with a sight of you	David believes that after he dies, he will be with Yahweh. This can be made clear in the translation. Alternate translation: “After I die, I will be happy to wake up in your presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
397	PSA	18	intro	enj7			0		# Psalm 018 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 18 is a psalm of praise to God for his strengthening David for war.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s power<br>God has tremendous power and he enabled David to prosper in war. This psalm, and its superscription, also appears in 1 Samuel 22 with some minor differences.
398	PSA	18	1	xfk3	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
399	PSA	18	1	ig1a			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
400	PSA	18	1	vm1x			0	A psalm of David	This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
401	PSA	18	1	p2da			0	he sang to Yahweh the words of this song	Alternate translation: “he sang this song to Yahweh”
402	PSA	18	1	rhv3			0	on the day that Yahweh rescued him	Alternate translation: “after Yahweh had rescued him”
403	PSA	18	1	hna8	figs-metonymy		0	from the hand of Saul	Here “hand” stands for the power of Saul. Alternate translation: “from Saul’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
404	PSA	18	2	tcf6	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh is my rock	David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock. The word “rock” is a picture of a safe place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
405	PSA	18	2	bmi2	figs-doublet		0	my rock, my fortress	Here the words “rock” and “fortress” share similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh provides safety from enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
406	PSA	18	2	v8xz	figs-metaphor		0	take refuge in him	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to him for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
407	PSA	18	2	k49n	figs-metaphor		0	my shield, the horn of my salvation, and my stronghold	David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a “shield,” “the horn” of his salvation, and his “stronghold.” Yahweh is the one who protects him from harm. Here a similar idea is repeated three ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
408	PSA	18	3	d5g1			0	I will be saved from my enemies	Alternate translation: “I will be rescued from my enemies”
409	PSA	18	4	fsd4	figs-metaphor		0	The cords of death surrounded me	David speaks of death as if it were a person who could capture him and bind him with ropes. Alternate translation: “I was about to be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
410	PSA	18	4	m5rx	figs-metaphor		0	rushing waters of worthlessness	David is as helpless as if he were being carried away by a rushing flood of waters. Alternate translation: “I felt completely helpless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
411	PSA	18	5	e9l1	figs-personification		0	The cords of Sheol surrounded me; the snares of death trapped me	Here “Sheol,” the place of the dead, and “death” are spoken of as if they were people who could surround and trap him. These two clauses have similar meanings and the idea is repeated for emphasis. Alternate translation: “I felt trapped and thought I was going to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
412	PSA	18	6	s721			0	In my distress	Alternate translation: “In my great need” or “In my despair”
413	PSA	18	6	jr71	figs-personification		0	my call for help went into his presence	Here David speaks of his “call for help” as if it were a person who could come into the presence of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I prayed to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
414	PSA	18	6	fs4g	figs-parallelism		0	it went into his ears	Here David speaks of how Yahweh heard his cry for help. The idea is repeated for emphasis. Alternate translation: “he heard my appeal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
415	PSA	18	7	dal8	figs-metaphor		0	Then the earth … shaken because God was angry	God’s being angry is spoken of as if the there was a terrible earthquake. Alternate translation: “God was so angry that it was as if the earth … shaken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
416	PSA	18	7	xka3	figs-doublet		0	the earth shook and trembled	The words “shook” and “trembled” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how greatly the earth shook. Alternate translation: “the land moved back and forth” or “the ground moved up and down” or “there was a violent earthquake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
417	PSA	18	7	svs2	figs-activepassive		0	the foundations of the mountains also trembled and were shaken	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the foundations of the mountains also trembled and shook” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
418	PSA	18	8	al4i	figs-metaphor		0	Smoke went up from out of his nostrils … Coals were ignited by it	David speaks of Yahweh as if he were breathing fire. This is a picture of how angry God was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
419	PSA	18	8	zsk4	figs-activepassive		0	blazing fire came out of his mouth. Coals were ignited by it	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “blazing fire came out of his mouth and ignited coals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
420	PSA	18	9	fkd8			0	He opened	The word “He” refers to Yahweh.
421	PSA	18	9	aw5e	figs-personification		0	thick darkness was under his feet	Though Yahweh does not actually have feet, the Psalmist gives him human characteristics. Alternate translation: “thick darkness was beneath him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
422	PSA	18	10	wt4l	figs-personification		0	wings of the wind	Here the Psalmist speaks of the wind as if it had wings like an angel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
423	PSA	18	11	a2gi			0	He made darkness … him	Here the words “He” and “him” refer to Yahweh.
424	PSA	18	11	edg2	figs-metaphor		0	He made darkness a tent	Here darkness is spoken of as if it were a tent. Alternate translation: “He made darkness a covering” or “He made darkness a hiding place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
425	PSA	18	11	jnx8			0	heavy rainclouds	Alternate translation: “clouds heavy with rain” or “thick, dark rainclouds”
426	PSA	18	12	t3xj			0	Hailstones	stones made of ice
427	PSA	18	13	dn6a	figs-simile		0	Yahweh thundered in the heavens	Yahweh’s voice sounded like thunder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
428	PSA	18	13	dvy3			0	the Most High	“the Most High” refers to Yahweh.
429	PSA	18	14	cw24	figs-parallelism		0	He shot his arrows and scattered his enemies … lightning bolts dispersed them	Both of these clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
430	PSA	18	14	h2p3	figs-metaphor		0	He shot his arrows and scattered his enemies	Here lighting strikes are being spoken of as if they were arrows (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
431	PSA	18	14	p7tz			0	dispersed them	Alternate translation: “sent them in different directions”
432	PSA	18	15	jfu2	figs-parallelism		0	Then the water channels appeared; the foundations of the world were laid bare	These two clauses have similar meanings. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then the water channels appeared and the bottom of the ocean became visible; you exposed the foundations of the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
433	PSA	18	15	a125	figs-personification		0	at the blast of the breath of your nostrils	Though God does not have human physical characteristics as described here, this pictures his mighty strength. The wind is spoken of here as if it came as a mighty blast from God’s nostrils. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
434	PSA	18	16	m4pi			0	He reached down … he took hold … He pulled me	The word “He” in these verses refers to Yahweh.
435	PSA	18	16	kef1	figs-metaphor		0	surging water	Here the Psalmist speaks of the dangers of his enemies as if they were huge waves or forceful waters, from which Yahweh has rescued him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
436	PSA	18	18	eej1			0	They came against me	Here “They” refers to the strong enemies in verse 17.
437	PSA	18	18	s1sk	figs-abstractnouns		0	They came against me on the day of my distress but Yahweh was my support	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **distress**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **support**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “protected.” Alternate translation: “Strong enemies attacked me on a day when I was distressed, but Yahweh protected me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
438	PSA	18	20	a3vx	figs-metonymy		0	my hands were clean	Here having clean hands represents being innocent of wrongdoing. Alternate translation: “I was innocent” or “my actions were right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
439	PSA	18	21	y3m6	figs-metaphor		0	I have kept the ways of Yahweh	The laws of Yahweh are spoken of as if they were the paths on which one should walk. Alternate translation: “I have obeyed Yahweh’s laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
440	PSA	18	21	tu8a	figs-metaphor		0	have not wickedly turned away from my God	Here being wicked is spoken of as if one left the right path and took the wrong path. Alternate translation: “have not done wickedly by turning away from my God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
441	PSA	18	22	t97s	figs-parallelism		0	For all his righteous decrees … I have not turned away from them	Both of these clauses have similar meanings. The writer repeats these ideas for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
442	PSA	18	22	gtv3			0	have been before me	Alternate translation: “have guided me” or “I have remembered”
443	PSA	18	23	gug9			0	innocent before him	Alternate translation: “innocent according to him”
444	PSA	18	23	gz4q			0	I have kept myself from sin	Alternate translation: “I have not sinned”
445	PSA	18	24	tu18	figs-metonymy		0	my hands were clean	To have “clean hands” means that one is innocent of wrongdoing. See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:20](../018/020.md): Alternate translation: “I was innocent” or “my actions were right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
446	PSA	18	24	t3bt	figs-synecdoche		0	before his eyes	This refers to God’s presence. Alternate translation: “before him” or “according to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
447	PSA	18	25	tb5y			0	General Information:	The writer speaks to Yahweh.
448	PSA	18	25	h851	figs-explicit		0	To the one who is faithful	Here “faithful” means to do what God commands one to do. You can state this clearly. Alternate translation: “to those who faithfully obey your commandments” or “to those who faithfully do your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
449	PSA	18	26	cn7t			0	you are clever toward anyone who is twisted	Alternate translation: “you outwit anyone who is not honest”
450	PSA	18	27	v6yq			0	you bring down	Alternate translation: “you humiliate”
451	PSA	18	27	w4ji	figs-idiom		0	with proud, uplifted eyes	This idiom refers to those who are proud. Alternate translation: “who are proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
452	PSA	18	28	w4pi	figs-metaphor		0	For you give light to my lamp; Yahweh my God lights up my darkness	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s presence as if he were a light. These clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
453	PSA	18	29	jv31			0	For by you I can run over a barricade	Alternate translation: “For with your help I can cross any obstacle”
454	PSA	18	30	v53y	figs-metaphor		0	He is a shield to everyone who takes refuge in him	A shield protects a soldier. David speaks as if God were a shield protecting him. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:3](../003/003.md). Alternate translation: “You, Yahweh, protect like a shield everyone who takes refuge in you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
455	PSA	18	31	d8xy	figs-rquestion		0	For who is God except Yahweh? Who is a rock except our God?	The implied answer is no one. Alternate translation: “Only Yahweh is God! Only our God is a rock!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
456	PSA	18	31	xn5i	figs-metaphor		0	a rock	David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock that he could climb to get away from his enemies. See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:2](../018/002.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
457	PSA	18	32	w9ef	figs-simile		0	puts strength on me like a belt	God gives strength to David as if it were a piece of clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
458	PSA	18	32	z4ka	figs-metaphor		0	places the blameless person on his path	Here David speaks of living a life that is pleasing to God as if he were being placed on the right path. Alternate translation: “causes the blameless person to live a righteous life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
459	PSA	18	33	w92y	figs-synecdoche		0	makes my feet swift	This refers to enabling a person to run fast. Alternate translation: “makes me run very fast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
460	PSA	18	33	g696	figs-simile		0	like a deer and places me on the heights	The deer is especially quick and stable in the mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
461	PSA	18	34	q1v4	figs-synecdoche		0	He trains my hands	Here “my hands” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “He trains me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
462	PSA	18	34	tq4k	figs-synecdoche		0	my arms	This refers to the person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
463	PSA	18	35	juz2	figs-metaphor		0	the shield of your salvation	Here the writer speaks of God’s protection as if it were a shield. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “your protection and saved me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
464	PSA	18	35	x6rm	figs-metonymy		0	Your right hand has supported me	Here God’s right hand represents his power. Alternate translation: “Your power has supported me” or “You have supported me by your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
465	PSA	18	35	yr5f	figs-metonymy		0	your favor has made me great	Here God’s favor represents him acting according to his favor. Alternate translation: “You have made me great according to your favor” or “By your kindness, you have made me great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
466	PSA	18	36	ui92	figs-metaphor		0	a wide place for my feet beneath me	The writer speaks of the safety that God has provided as if it were a wide place for him to stand. Here “my feet” represent the person. Alternate translation: “a safe place for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
467	PSA	18	36	qhq7	figs-synecdoche		0	my feet have not slipped	Here “my feet” refers to the person. The writer refers to the safety of God’s protection as if he were standing on a place where he will not slip or fall. Alternate translation: “I have not slipped” or “I am doing well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
468	PSA	18	38	v638			0	I smashed them	Alternate translation: “I crushed them” or “I broke them to pieces”
469	PSA	18	38	z8w8			0	unable to rise	Alternate translation: “unable to stand”
470	PSA	18	38	af9q	figs-idiom		0	they have fallen under my feet	This idiom means the Psalmist has defeated his enemies. Alternate translation: “I have defeated all of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
471	PSA	18	39	t3xr	figs-simile		0	put strength on me like a belt	The Psalmist says that Yahweh has given him strength that surrounds and supports him like a belt. See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:32](../018/032.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
472	PSA	18	39	xyh3	figs-idiom		0	you put under me	Here the Psalmist speaks of the defeat of his enemies as if he were standing on them. Alternate translation: “you defeat for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
473	PSA	18	39	xyp2	figs-idiom		0	those who rise up against me	This refers to those who oppose the Psalmist. Alternate translation: “those who are my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
474	PSA	18	40	h5yv	figs-metonymy		0	You gave me the back of my enemies’ necks	This represents God giving David victory over his enemies. Alternate translation: “You gave me victory over my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
475	PSA	18	40	m3tx	figs-metonymy		0	You gave me the back of my enemies’ necks	This represents God giving David victory over his enemies. Possible images are: (1) David could cut his enemies’ heads off at the neck or (2) David could put his foot down on his enemies’ necks or (3) David could see his enemies’ backs when they ran away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
476	PSA	18	40	gp8b			0	I annihilated those who hated me	Alternate translation: “I defeated those who hated me” or “I destroyed completely those who hated me”
477	PSA	18	41	whl5	figs-idiom		0	but he did not answer them	This means Yahweh did not provide any help. Alternate translation: “but he did not help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
478	PSA	18	42	tjm8	figs-simile		0	I beat them into fine pieces like dust before the wind	The psalmists enemies are compared to dust to show how defeated they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
479	PSA	18	42	vu6f	figs-simile		0	I threw them out like mud in the streets	The psalmist’s enemies are compared to mud in the streets to show how defeated they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
480	PSA	18	43	t95d			0	disputes	disagreements, arguments
481	PSA	18	43	i9s6	figs-metonymy		0	have made me the head over nations	Here “head” represents the ruler. Alternate translation: “appointed me to be the ruler over many nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
482	PSA	18	44	c7dv	figs-activepassive		0	foreigners were forced to bow	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God forced foreigners to bow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
483	PSA	18	45	t4uc	figs-explicit		0	foreigners came trembling	Here “trembling” shows that they were very afraid. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “foreigners came shaking, showing that they were very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
484	PSA	18	46	w5z5	figs-activepassive		0	may my rock be praised	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he is my rock and he should be praised” or “may people praise my rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
485	PSA	18	46	mv1z	figs-metaphor		0	my rock	Here the writer speaks of Yahweh’s protection as if he were a rock that prevented his enemies from reaching him. See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:2](../018/002.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
486	PSA	18	46	h9ey	figs-activepassive		0	May the God of my salvation be exalted	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “May people exalt the God of my salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
487	PSA	18	46	xf2h	figs-abstractnouns		0	the God of my salvation	The abstract nouns “salvation” can be stated as “saved” or “rescued.” Alternate translation: “the God who rescued me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
488	PSA	18	47	v7ab	figs-abstractnouns		0	the God who executes vengeance for me	To “execute vengeance” means to punish people for their evil actions. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the God who punishes people for the evil things they have done to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
489	PSA	18	48	l9y3	figs-activepassive		0	I am set free	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has set me free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
490	PSA	18	48	z54b	figs-metaphor		0	you lifted me above	Yahweh’s protection of the writer is spoken of as if he lifted the writer up so high that his enemies could not reach him to harm him. Alternate translation: “you put me in a safe place high above” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
491	PSA	18	48	k73f			0	who rose against me	Alternate translation: “who attacked me” or “who rebelled against me”
492	PSA	18	48	inl3			0	violent men	Alternate translation: “cruel men” or “savage men”
493	PSA	18	49	f8x9	figs-explicit		0	among the nations	Here the writer means that he will give thanks to Yahweh so that all people will hear of Yahweh’s greatness. Alternate translation: “so all the nations will hear about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
494	PSA	18	49	qvh1	figs-metonymy		0	to your name	Here “name” represents God himself. Alternate translation: “in honor of your name” or “to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
495	PSA	18	50	ggt6	figs-123person		0	victory to his king	By using the words “his king,” David is referring to himself as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
496	PSA	18	50	sw5u			0	he shows his covenant loyalty to his anointed one … to his descendants forever	Alternate translation: “he faithfully loves me as he promised in his covenant, and he will love my descendants forever”
497	PSA	19	intro	sn29			0		# Psalm 019 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 19 is a praise psalm, praising God for his creation and for his law.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s law<br>God’s law keeps people from sinning. There are two distinct themes in this psalm. Verses 1-6 are God’s glory in the heavens and the second is praising God for his law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
498	PSA	19	1	s9h1	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
499	PSA	19	1	j4zh			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
500	PSA	19	1	mn6q			0	The heavens declare	The heavens are described as if they were a person. Alternate translation: “The heavens show” or “The heavens look like they declare”
501	PSA	19	1	iz5q	figs-personification		0	the skies make his handiwork known	The skies are described as if they were a teacher. Alternate translation: “The skies seem to make God’s handiwork known to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
502	PSA	19	1	a8iy			0	his handiwork	Alternate translation: “his creation” or “the world that he has made”
503	PSA	19	2	c72h	figs-personification		0	speech pours out	What is beautiful about creation is compared to speaking, as if creation were a person. Then those words are compared to water that flows everywhere. Alternate translation: “creation is like a person speaking to everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
504	PSA	19	3	lmv7			0	There is no speech or spoken words; their voice is not heard	These phrases express clearly that the first two verses were a metaphor. Alternate translation: “There is no real speech or spoken words; no one hears an actual voice with their ears”
505	PSA	19	3	pa4x			0	their voice is not heard	Other translations read “where their voice is not heard,” emphasizing that creation’s “speech” is available everywhere.
506	PSA	19	4	w3s6			0	General Information:	David has just said that creation shows God’s glory.
507	PSA	19	4	c2us			0	their words … their speech	This refers to the unspoken “words” of creation that show God’s glory.
508	PSA	19	4	r4zj	figs-personification		0	their words go out	The words are described as if they were people who go out with a message. Alternate translation: “the words that creation speaks are like people who go out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
509	PSA	19	4	kf9h	figs-ellipsis		0	their speech to the end of the world	The implied words can be included in the translation. Alternate translation: “their speech goes out to the end of the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
510	PSA	19	4	bdz7	figs-metaphor		0	He has pitched a tent for the sun	Here the writer speaks of the place that Yahweh created for the sun as if it were a tent. Alternate translation: “He created a place for the sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
511	PSA	19	4	n177			0	among them	The word “them” probably refers to the heavens.
512	PSA	19	5	s244	figs-simile		0	The sun is like a bridegroom coming out of his chamber	The writer speaks of the sun’s coming out as if it were a bridegroom. Alternate translation: “The sun is like a bridegroom walking joyfully toward his bride” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
513	PSA	19	5	xes3	figs-simile		0	like a strong man who rejoices when he runs his race	This compares the sun to an athlete to emphasize the strength and brightness of the sun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
514	PSA	19	5	l7b8			0	a strong man	Alternate translation: “a fast runner”
515	PSA	19	6	tah2			0	horizon	the line where the earth and the sky meet
516	PSA	19	6	wz8h	figs-explicit		0	to the other	Here “other” refers to the other horizon. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “to the other horizon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
517	PSA	19	6	unx8	figs-doublenegatives		0	nothing escapes its heat	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “everything feels its heat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
518	PSA	19	7	z9pg	figs-synecdoche		0	restoring the soul	The words “the soul” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “making a person strong again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
519	PSA	19	7	a789			0	the simple	Alternate translation: “those who have no experience” or “those who have not learned”
520	PSA	19	8	spr1	figs-synecdoche		0	the heart	These words refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
521	PSA	19	8	nuk1			0	are right	Alternate translation: “are true” or “are correct”
522	PSA	19	8	t8c5			0	bringing light to the eyes	This could mean: (1) “bringing understanding to a person” or (2) “making a person healthy again”
523	PSA	19	9	xac8			0	altogether right	Alternate translation: “completely right”
524	PSA	19	10	x983	figs-metaphor		0	They are of greater value than gold … they are sweeter than honey	Yahweh’s decrees are spoken of as if they could be bought and tasted. Alternate translation: “If you could buy them, they would be of greater value than gold … if you could taste them, they would be sweeter than honey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
525	PSA	19	10	e6s3	figs-ellipsis		0	even more than much fine gold	The word “valuable” is understood from the previous phrase and can be repeated. Alternate translation: “even more valuable than a lot of fine gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
526	PSA	19	10	k6x4			0	fine gold	Alternate translation: “pure gold” or “expensive gold”
527	PSA	19	11	y6a9			0	Yes	This word marks that there is more to the truth than what has just been said. Alternate translation: “Moreover”
528	PSA	19	11	s1f4	figs-activepassive		0	by them your servant is warned	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they warn your servant” or “they are a warning for your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
529	PSA	19	11	e73b			0	by them … in obeying them	The word “them” refers to Yahweh’s righteous decrees.
530	PSA	19	11	nk1k	figs-123person		0	your servant is warned	David calls himself “your servant” when speaking to God as a sign of respect. Alternate translation: “I am warned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
531	PSA	19	12	uj5e	figs-rquestion		0	Who can discern all his own errors?	This appears in the form of a question to add emphasis and can be translated as a strong statement. Alternate translation: No one can be aware of his own errors!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
532	PSA	19	12	gsx9			0	from hidden faults	Alternate translation: “from secret mistakes I have made”
533	PSA	19	13	j82u	figs-idiom		0	Keep your servant also from	This idiom pictures the servant as being removed from the sins he does not wish to commit. Alternate translation: “Also, protect your servant from doing” or “Also, make sure that I do not commit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
534	PSA	19	13	z1tt	figs-123person		0	your servant	David calls himself “your servant” when speaking to God as a sign of respect. See how you translated this in [Psalms 19:11](../019/011.md). Alternate translation: “I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
535	PSA	19	13	b3bd	figs-personification		0	let them not rule over me	Sins are described as if they were a king that could rule over someone. Alternate translation: “do not let my sins become like a king who rules over me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
536	PSA	19	13	axe2			0	innocent from many transgressions	Alternate translation: “innocent of rebelling against you” or “innocent of committing many sins”
537	PSA	19	14	l16r	figs-metonymy		0	the words of my mouth and the thoughts of my heart	These expressions taken together describe everything a person says and thinks. Alternate translation: “the things I say and the things I think about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
538	PSA	19	14	t28d			0	be acceptable in your sight	Alternate translation: “receive approval in your sight” or “be pleasing to you”
539	PSA	19	14	bu1w	figs-metaphor		0	in your sight	Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
540	PSA	19	14	vn8k	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh, my rock	The writer speaks of God as if he were a rock that one could climb and be protected from his enemies. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you are like my rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
541	PSA	20	intro	h99t			0		# Psalm 020 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 20 is a royal psalm. It is probably a prayer for the king, perhaps when he first became king.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Trust<br>Trusting God is much better than trusting in military might. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
542	PSA	20	1	v6pl	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	This Psalm begins with a group of people speaking to the king of Israel. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
543	PSA	20	1	h9gw			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
544	PSA	20	1	vrb5			0	help you	The word “you” in this Psalm is singular and refers to the king.
545	PSA	20	1	pt3b			0	in the day of trouble	Alternate translation: “in times of trouble” or “when you are in trouble”
546	PSA	20	1	dp3k	figs-metonymy		0	may the name of the God of Jacob protect you	This could mean: (1) here “name” is a metonym for God’s power. Alternate translation: “may the power of the God of Jacob protect you” or “may the God of Jacob protect you by his power” or (2) here “name” is a metonym for God himself. Alternate translation: “may the God of Jacob protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
547	PSA	20	2	b9ek	figs-metaphor		0	send help from the holy place	God helping from his holy place is spoken of as if God were sending help. Alternate translation: “may Yahweh help you from his holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
548	PSA	20	2	y51h	figs-doublet		0	holy place … Zion	Both of these refer to God’s temple in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
549	PSA	20	3	yz44	figs-idiom		0	May he call to mind	The phrase “call to mind” is a way of saying “remember.” It does not mean God forgot. It means to consider or think about. Alternate translation: “May he remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
550	PSA	20	3	kyh3			0	May he	The word “he” refers to Yahweh.
551	PSA	20	4	r6y3			0	May he grant	Alternate translation: “May he give”
552	PSA	20	4	wht8	figs-synecdoche		0	your heart’s desire	Here “heart” stands for the entire person. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desire**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what you desire” or “what you want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
553	PSA	20	4	u619	figs-abstractnouns		0	fulfill all your plans	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **plans**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “may he help you to accomplish everything that you plan to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
554	PSA	20	5	h4h3	figs-exclusive		0	we will rejoice in your victory	Here “we” refers to the people. They will rejoice in the king’s victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
555	PSA	20	5	bw3j	figs-metonymy		0	in the name of our God	Here “name” represents honor or reputation. Alternate translation: “in honor of our God” or “for the reputation of our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
556	PSA	20	5	p9n1	translate-symaction		0	we will raise banners	“we will raise victory flags.” They would do this to show that they were praising God because he gave their king victory over his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
557	PSA	20	5	k3dy			0	grant all your petitions	Alternate translation: “give you everything you request from him”
558	PSA	20	6	zm9a			0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the psalm. It transitions from the people speaking to the king speaking.
559	PSA	20	6	nu7b			0	I know	The word “I” probably refers to the king who is speaking in this section.
560	PSA	20	6	d8xz	figs-123person		0	his anointed one … answer him … rescue him	The king is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “me, his anointed one … answer me … rescue me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
561	PSA	20	6	bd3g			0	from his holy heaven	God dwells in heaven as well as in the temple in Jerusalem ([Psalms 20:2](../020/002.md)).
562	PSA	20	6	xcm6	figs-metonymy		0	with the strength of his right hand that can rescue him	God’s right hand represents his power. Alternate translation: “with his great strength he will rescue him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
563	PSA	20	7	f9cd	figs-metonymy		0	Some trust in chariots and others in horses	Here “chariots” and “horses” represent a king’s army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
564	PSA	20	7	xr24	figs-ellipsis		0	others in horses	The word “trust” is understood. Alternate translation: “other trust in horses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
565	PSA	20	7	mwu6	figs-exclusive		0	we call	Here “we” refers to the writer and the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
566	PSA	20	8	e7uq	figs-exclusive		0	we will rise	Here “we” refers to the writer and the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
567	PSA	20	8	q1tp	figs-activepassive		0	They will be brought down and fall	The word “They” refers to the people who trust in chariots and horses. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will bring them down and make them fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
568	PSA	20	8	g7uv	figs-doublet		0	brought down and fall	Both these verbs mean basically the same thing. Both of these stand for losing in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
569	PSA	20	8	y7lr	figs-doublet		0	we will rise and stand upright	“we will get up and stand up straight.” These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Both of these stand for victory in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
570	PSA	20	9	c5i4			0	Yahweh, rescue the king	This could mean: (1) the people ask God to protect the king or (2) the king continues to speak about himself in the third person.
571	PSA	20	9	brk5			0	the king; help us when we call	Some translations understand the Hebrew differently. Some translate it as the people speaking to Yahweh their king. Alternate translation: “King, help us when we call you”
572	PSA	21	intro	mq8x			0		# Psalm 021 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 21 is a royal psalm. The king is praying for victory. Victory in war comes from the power and help from God.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pronouns<br>There is a shift in pronouns in this psalm. In verses 1-6 the psalm addresses Yahweh in second person but in verse 7 the psalmist uses third person before moving back to second person in the latter part.
573	PSA	21	1	k12k	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
574	PSA	21	1	h69b			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
575	PSA	21	1	bt8s			0	in your strength, Yahweh	It is implied that this is strength Yahweh has given the king to defeat his enemies. Alternate translation: because you, Yahweh, have made him strong enough to defeat his enemies”
576	PSA	21	1	bka2			0	How greatly he rejoices	Alternate translation: “He rejoices greatly”
577	PSA	21	1	r5nd	figs-explicit		0	in the salvation you provide	It is implied that God has saved the king from his enemies. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “because you have saved him from his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
578	PSA	21	2	cey2	figs-synecdoche		0	his heart’s desire	“his heart’s wish.” Here “heart” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “his desire” or “what he wished for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
579	PSA	21	2	gez6	figs-doublenegatives		0	have not held back	“have not refused him.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you have given him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
580	PSA	21	2	f8dh	figs-synecdoche		0	the request of his lips	Here “lips” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “his request” or “what he requested of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
581	PSA	21	3	q3ts	figs-abstractnouns		0	you bring him rich blessings	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **blessings**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “bless” or “good things.” Alternate translation: “you bless him greatly” or “you give him many good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
582	PSA	21	3	px6p	translate-symaction		0	you placed on his head a crown of purest gold	To place a crown on a person’s head is a symbol of making him a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
583	PSA	21	3	za3g			0	a crown of purest gold	Here “purest gold” represents the great honor given to the king.
584	PSA	21	4	yzs5	figs-abstractnouns		0	He asked you for life; you gave it to him	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **life**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “He asked that you cause him to live for a long time; you caused it to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
585	PSA	21	4	y4ml	figs-idiom		0	the length of his days forever and ever	The idiom “the length of his days” refers to the duration of his life. Alternate translation: “a long life that lasts forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
586	PSA	21	5	i6i4			0	His glory	Alternate translation: “The king’s honor” or “The king’s fame”
587	PSA	21	5	k3gt	figs-metaphor		0	you have bestowed on him splendor and majesty	“you have placed on him splendor and majesty.” Causing the king to be wealthy and powerful is spoken of as if splendor and majesty are objects that are placed on him. Alternate translation: “you have made him wealthy and powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
588	PSA	21	6	w2zk			0	you grant him	Alternate translation: “you allow him to have” or “you agree to give him”
589	PSA	21	6	rf4f			0	lasting blessings	Alternate translation: “a blessings that will last” or “a blessings that will stay”
590	PSA	21	6	v3m2			0	the joy of your presence	Alternate translation: “the joy of being in your presence” or “the joy that comes from you being near to you”
591	PSA	21	7	mbf3	figs-abstractnouns		0	through the covenant faithfulness of the Most High	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because the Most High is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
592	PSA	21	7	j1gh	figs-activepassive		0	he will not be moved	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will remove him as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
593	PSA	21	8	w7ck	figs-metonymy		0	Your hand will seize	Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “Your power will seize” or “You will powerfully seize” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
594	PSA	21	8	irz4			0	Your hand … hate you	Possible meaning of all occurrences of **your** and **you** are: (1) they refer to the king or (2) they refer to God.
595	PSA	21	8	yew7	figs-parallelism		0	your right hand will seize those who hate you	This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. It emphasizes that God will give the king the power to stop his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
596	PSA	21	9	lmc9			0	At the time of your anger	Alternate translation: “When you are angry and begin to act”
597	PSA	21	9	hhy3			0	your anger … you will burn	The words **your** and **you** refers to either: (1) God or (2) the king.
598	PSA	21	9	xdq2	figs-metaphor		0	you will burn them up as in a fiery furnace	Yahweh or the king destroying their enemies is spoken of as if their enemies are wood and Yahweh or the king will throw them into a furnace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
599	PSA	21	9	fc6d	figs-parallelism		0	Yahweh will consume them in his wrath, and the fire will devour them	Both clauses mean basically the same thing. Yahweh completely destroying his enemies is spoken of as if his wrath is a fire that completely burns up his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
600	PSA	21	10	wsu5			0	You will destroy	The word **you** refers to either: (1) God or (2) the king.
601	PSA	21	10	i3zy	figs-parallelism		0	from the earth … from among the human race	Both phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that absolutely none of their enemies will survive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
602	PSA	21	11	fhu8			0	they intended	“they planned.” The word “they” refers to the enemies of God and the king.
603	PSA	21	11	z63c			0	evil against you	Alternate translation: “to do evil things to you”
604	PSA	21	11	h29d			0	they conceived a plot	Alternate translation: “they made a plan” or “they created a scheme”
605	PSA	21	12	bsd1	figs-metaphor		0	For you will turn them back; you will draw your bow before them	Possible meanings for **your** and **you** are: (1) they refer to the king or (2) they refer to God and speak about him as if he were a warrior with a bow and arrows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
606	PSA	21	12	ti25	figs-idiom		0	you will turn them back	This is a way of saying that God and the king will defeat their enemies in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
607	PSA	21	12	ge87	figs-explicit		0	you will draw your bow before them	This implies that he actually shoots his arrows at his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
608	PSA	21	13	aul7			0	Be exalted, Yahweh, in your strength	This could mean: (1) “Yahweh, show us that you are very strong” or (2) “Yahweh, because you are strong we will exalt you”
609	PSA	21	13	w52b	figs-doublet		0	we will sing and praise your power	The words “sing” and “praise” share similar meanings. Here the word “power” represents God and his power. Alternate translation: “with singing we will praise you because you are powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
610	PSA	22	intro	y7hl			0		# Psalm 022 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 22 is a messianic psalm. It contains references to events during the crucifixion of Christ. It is also a psalm of individual lament and praise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/crucify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Messiah<br>Christ was despised and taunted by his enemies; but finally people all over the earth will bow down to him.<br><br>### New Testament usage<br>This psalm is quoted in different places in the New Testament. Verse 1a is cited in Matthew 27:46 and Mark 15:34 as the words of Christ on the cross. Many of the events in the narratives of the crucifixion are mentioned in this psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]])
611	PSA	22	1	lw3l	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
612	PSA	22	1	k951			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
613	PSA	22	1	ux16			0	The rhythm of the deer	This may refer to a style of music.
614	PSA	22	1	smt9			0	My God, my God	The writer repeats “My God” to emphasize that he is desperate for God to hear him.
615	PSA	22	1	a733	figs-rquestion		0	my God, why have you abandoned me?	The writer uses a question to emphasize that he feels like God has abandoned him. It may be best to leave this as a question. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “my God, I feel like you have abandoned me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
616	PSA	22	1	z48u			0	you abandoned me	Alternate translation: “you left me all alone”
617	PSA	22	1	fnk8	figs-rquestion		0	Why are you so far from saving me and far from the words of my anguish?	Again the writer uses a question to emphasize that he feels like God is far away from him. It may be best to leave this as a question. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are far from saving me and far from the words of my anguish!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
618	PSA	22	1	y7ec	figs-metaphor		0	far from the words of my anguish	The writer feeling like God is not listening to him is spoken of as if God were far from his words of anguish. Alternate translation: “why do you not listen when I speak to you about the anguish I feel” or “I have told you about my suffering but you do not come to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
619	PSA	22	2	dzu2	figs-merism		0	in the daytime … at night	The writer uses the words “daytime” and “night” to mean he prays to God all the time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
620	PSA	22	2	j5c4	figs-litotes		0	I am not silent	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I still speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
621	PSA	22	3	zle3	figs-metaphor		0	you sit as king with the praises of Israel	“the praises of Israel are the throne on which you sit as king.” The praises of Israel are described as if they are a throne upon which God can sit and rule, or as a house in which God can live. Alternate translation: “you are king and the people of Israel praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
622	PSA	22	3	viy1	figs-metonymy		0	of Israel	Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
623	PSA	22	5	u4pd	figs-activepassive		0	were not disappointed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you did not disappoint them” or “you did not fail them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
624	PSA	22	5	vjq8	figs-doublenegatives		0	were not disappointed	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you saved them” or “you did for them what they needed you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
625	PSA	22	6	m3yz	figs-metaphor		0	I am a worm and not a man	The writer speaks of himself as if he were a worm. This emphasizes that he feels worthless or that the people treat him as if he were worthless. Alternate translation: “But it is like I am a worm and not a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
626	PSA	22	6	xml4	figs-parallelism		0	disgrace to humanity and despised by the people	Both of these phrase mean basically the same thing. The phrase “despised by the people” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “everyone thinks I am worthless and the people hate me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
627	PSA	22	7	gq6v	figs-parallelism		0	taunt me; they mock me; they shake their heads at me	These three phrases share similar meanings and emphasize how much people disrespect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
628	PSA	22	7	nu8j	translate-symaction		0	they shake their heads at me	This describes an action used to mock someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
629	PSA	22	8	v7ta	figs-irony		0	He trusts in Yahweh … delights in him	The people are saying this to mock the writer. They do not really believe Yahweh will rescue him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
630	PSA	22	8	ip8x			0	Let him rescue him	Alternate translation: “Let Yahweh rescue him”
631	PSA	22	8	h2ys			0	for he delights in him	This could mean: (1) “for Yahweh delights in him” or (2) “for he delights in Yahweh”
632	PSA	22	9	lz9a	figs-explicit		0	For you	The writer uses the word “For” to begin explaining why he is confused and asking God why he is not coming to help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
633	PSA	22	9	g6i1	figs-idiom		0	you brought me from the womb	This is a way of saying “you caused me to be born.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
634	PSA	22	9	h37n	figs-idiom		0	when I was on my mother’s breasts	This means that he has been trusting in Yahweh since he was very young. Alternate translation: “even from the time that I drank milk from my mother’s breasts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
635	PSA	22	10	ua28	figs-idiom		0	I have been thrown on you from the womb	The phrase “have been thrown on” is a way of saying that Yahweh has taken care of him as if Yahweh had adopted him as his own child. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It was as though you had adopted me right when I was born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
636	PSA	22	10	qi4n	figs-explicit		0	you are my God	This implies that Yahweh has always taken care of the writer. Alternate translation: “you, God, have taken care of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
637	PSA	22	10	bd6c			0	since I was in my mother’s womb	Alternate translation: “since before I was born”
638	PSA	22	11	tz1y	figs-litotes		0	Do not be far away from me	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Come close to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
639	PSA	22	11	mc7w	figs-metaphor		0	for trouble is near	The writer speaks about “trouble” as if it were an object that is near him. Alternate translation: “for my enemies are near me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
640	PSA	22	11	sub2			0	there is no one to help	Alternate translation: “there is no helper”
641	PSA	22	12	e14p	figs-metaphor		0	Many bulls surround me; strong bulls of Bashan surround me	The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were bulls. This emphasizes how dangerous and powerful his enemies are. Alternate translation: “I have many enemies and they are like bulls that surround me; they are like strong bulls from Bashan that surround me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
642	PSA	22	13	tfu9	figs-metaphor		0	They open their mouths wide against me	The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions with the mouths open ready to eat him. His enemies may be speaking lies to discredit him. Or they may be threatening him and attacking him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
643	PSA	22	13	qv8i	figs-simile		0	like a roaring lion ripping its victim	The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions. This emphasizes how powerful and dangerous his enemies are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
644	PSA	22	14	q64m	figs-activepassive		0	I am being poured out like water	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It is like someone is pouring me out like water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
645	PSA	22	14	d2h5	figs-simile		0	I am being poured out like water	The writer speaks about feeling completely exhausted and weak as if he were water being poured out of a jar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
646	PSA	22	14	pjf3	figs-metaphor		0	all my bones are dislocated	“all my bones are out of place.” It is possible the writer is in some kind of physical pain. Or he may be speaking of his emotional pain as if it were physical pain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
647	PSA	22	14	ws5l	figs-simile		0	My heart is like wax … inner parts	The writer speaks about no longer having courage as if his heart melted like wax. Here “heart” represents “courage.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
648	PSA	22	14	y32r			0	wax	a soft substance that melts at a relatively low temperature
649	PSA	22	14	k6ki			0	within my inner parts	Alternate translation: “inside of me”
650	PSA	22	15	fpb6	figs-simile		0	My strength has dried up like a piece of pottery	The writer speaks about feeling weak as if his strength were like a dry piece of pottery that can easily break. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
651	PSA	22	15	w7be			0	piece of pottery	an object made of baked clay that can be used in the house
652	PSA	22	15	g95x	figs-metaphor		0	my tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth	“my tongue sticks to the top of my mouth.” The writer may be describing his extreme thirst. Or he may be continuing to speak about being weak as if he were completely dry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
653	PSA	22	15	z793	figs-metaphor		0	You have laid me in the dust of death	Possible meanings for **dust of death** are: (1) it refers to a person turning to dust after they die. Alternate translation: “You are about to let me die and become dust” or (2) it is a way of speaking about the grave, which would mean God is causing the writer to die. Alternate translation: “You have laid me in my grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
654	PSA	22	15	m487	figs-you		0	You have laid me	The “you” is singular and refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
655	PSA	22	16	un7f	figs-metaphor		0	dogs have surrounded me	The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs. His enemies are coming close to him like wild dogs do to a dying animal. Alternate translation: “my enemies are like dogs that have surrounded me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
656	PSA	22	16	np5i			0	a company of evildoers	Alternate translation: “a group of evildoers” or “a gang of evildoers”
657	PSA	22	16	i2n1			0	encircled	stood in a circle
658	PSA	22	16	x42c	figs-metaphor		0	they have pierced my hands and my feet	This continues the dog metaphor. The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs that are biting and piercing his hands and feet with their teeth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
659	PSA	22	16	ai5d			0	pierced	stabbed through something with a sharp object
660	PSA	22	17	est5	figs-metaphor		0	I can count all my bones	This could mean: (1) the writer is so thin that he can see his bones. Alternate translation: “I can see all of my bones” or “I can feel each of my bones” or (2) this continues the dog metaphor and the writer can see his bones after the dogs have ripped his flesh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
661	PSA	22	17	ce23	figs-doublet		0	look and stare at me	The words “look” and “stare” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that people look at him awkwardly and make fun of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
662	PSA	22	18	fb7u			0	my garments	Alternate translation: “my clothes”
663	PSA	22	19	v12t	figs-litotes		0	Do not be far away	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Be very close” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
664	PSA	22	19	y71k	figs-metonymy		0	my strength	Here “strength” represents Yahweh who gives him strength. Alternate translation: “you who give me strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
665	PSA	22	20	ly82	figs-synecdoche		0	Rescue my soul	Here “soul” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Rescue me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
666	PSA	22	20	a8wk	figs-metonymy		0	the sword	The sword is a common way of referring to a violent enemy. Alternate translation: “those who want to kill me” or “my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
667	PSA	22	20	li5b			0	my only life	Alternate translation: “my precious life” or “the only life I have”
668	PSA	22	20	a1qv	figs-metaphor		0	claws of wild dogs	The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs to emphasize how dangerous his enemies are. Also, the claws stand for the animals as a whole in a synecdoche. The writer emphasizes this part of the animal because it is what the animals would use to kill someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
669	PSA	22	20	h8vu			0	wild dogs	The word “wild” here means that no one has captured and tamed the animal.
670	PSA	22	21	vl96	figs-metaphor		0	lion’s mouth … horns of the wild oxen	The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions and wild oxen to emphasize how dangerous his enemies are. Also, the mouth and horns stand for the animals as a whole in a synecdoche. The writer emphasizes these parts of the animals because they are what the animals would use to kill someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
671	PSA	22	21	wgw6			0	wild oxen	The word “wild” here means that no one has captured and tamed the animal.
672	PSA	22	22	vq9v	figs-metonymy		0	I will declare your name	“I will make known your name.” Here “name” stands for God’s character or reputation. Alternate translation: “I will talk about your character” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
673	PSA	22	22	k6ii			0	my brothers	Here “brothers” means “my fellow Israelites” or “my fellow worshipers of Yahweh”
674	PSA	22	22	t5p8			0	in the midst of the assembly	Alternate translation: “when my fellow Israelites and I gather together” or “when I am surrounded by my fellow worshipers of Yahweh”
675	PSA	22	23	wl3v	figs-you		0	You who fear	Here “You” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
676	PSA	22	23	yc8l	figs-parallelism		0	you descendants of Jacob … you descendants of Israel	Both of these refer to the same group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
677	PSA	22	23	rs9u			0	Stand in awe of him	Alternate translation: “Be full of awe for him” or “Let God’s power amaze you”
678	PSA	22	24	t6pw			0	he has not despised or abhorred the suffering of the afflicted one	This could mean: (1) he has not despised the afflicted one because he is suffering or (2) he has not belittled the suffering of the afflicted one
679	PSA	22	24	q54x	figs-doublet		0	despised or abhorred	These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that God has not forgotten the one who is afflicted and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
680	PSA	22	24	w7tf			0	despised	strongly disliked or hated
681	PSA	22	24	h5t5	figs-metonymy		0	he has not … abhorred the suffering of the afflicted one	Here, suffering is a metonym for the person who suffers. To abhor something is to think of it as horrible. Alternate translation: “he has not … thought of the afflicted one who suffers as horrible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
682	PSA	22	24	y2dq	figs-genericnoun		0	the suffering of the afflicted one … from him … the afflicted one cried	This could mean: (1) the author was speaking about how God treats people who are suffering. Alternate translation: “those who suffer … from them … those who are suffering cried” or (2) the author was speaking specifically about how God treated him. Alternate translation: “my suffering because of my affliction … from me … I cried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
683	PSA	22	24	r4zy	figs-metaphor		0	has not hidden his face from him	Hiding one’s face from someone represents ignoring him. Alternate translation: “has not turned his attention away from him” or “has not ignored him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
684	PSA	22	24	fci1	figs-explicit		0	he heard	“he listened.” It is implied that he responded when he heard their cry. Alternate translation: “he answered” or “he helped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
685	PSA	22	25	q298	figs-you		0	because of you	Here “you” refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
686	PSA	22	25	w4ny	figs-explicit		0	I will fulfill my vows	This refers to sacrifices the writer promised to offer to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
687	PSA	22	25	zq18	figs-123person		0	before those who fear him	Here “him” refers to Yahweh. It can be stated as “you.” Alternate translation: “in the presence of those who fear you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
688	PSA	22	26	fhl9	figs-explicit		0	The oppressed will eat and be satisfied	This refers to the fellowship meal which occurs after the writer offers to God the sacrifices that he promised. He will invite those who were suffering to eat a part of the animal he sacrificed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
689	PSA	22	26	jvb2	figs-metaphor		0	those who seek Yahweh	Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
690	PSA	22	26	x7ys	figs-synecdoche		0	May your hearts live forever	Here “hearts” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “May you live forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
691	PSA	22	26	lv3f	figs-you		0	May your hearts	Here “your” is plural and refers to the oppressed people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
692	PSA	22	27	sti4	figs-metaphor		0	will remember and turn to Yahweh	Starting to obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the people physically turn toward Yahweh. Alternate translation: “will remember Yahweh and obey him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
693	PSA	22	27	s5k2	figs-parallelism		0	all the families of the nations will bow down before you	This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. The writer is emphasizing that everyone from every place will worship and obey Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
694	PSA	22	27	ves3	translate-symaction		0	will bow down before you	This is a sign of giving honor and respect to someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
695	PSA	22	27	n554	figs-you		0	before you	Here “you” refers to Yahweh. It can be translated in the third person to match the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “before him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
696	PSA	22	28	yp9r	figs-metonymy		0	For the kingdom is Yahweh’s	“For the kingdom belongs to Yahweh.” Here “kingdom” represents God’s rule as king. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
697	PSA	22	28	y3zn	figs-metonymy		0	he is the ruler over the nations	Here “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “he rules the people of the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
698	PSA	22	29	pb3y			0	will feast	The people will eat together at the feast. Alternate translation: “will eat together” or “will eat a festive meal together”
699	PSA	22	29	b7d2	figs-parallelism		0	all those who are descending into the dust … those who cannot preserve their own lives	Both phrases refers to the same group. They both refer to all people because all people will die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
700	PSA	22	29	fkt1	figs-metonymy		0	those who are descending into the dust	Here “dust” represents the grave. The phrase “descending into the dust” is a way of referring to someone dying. Alternate translation: “those who are dying” or “those who die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
701	PSA	22	29	wbb7			0	those who cannot preserve their own lives	Alternate translation: “those who cannot save their own lives” or “those who cannot keep themselves from dying”
702	PSA	22	30	tak2	figs-metonymy		0	A generation to come	Here “A generation” represents the people of a generation. The phrase “to come” speaks about a future time as if it were something that travels and arrives somewhere. Alternate translation: “People in the future generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
703	PSA	22	30	l73k	figs-metonymy		0	the next generation	Here “generation” represents the people of that generation. Alternate translation: “the people of the next generation” or “their children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
704	PSA	22	30	j95t			0	of the Lord	Alternate translation: “about the Lord” or “about what the Lord has done”
705	PSA	22	31	lt28	figs-abstractnouns		0	tell of his righteousness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “tell of the righteous things he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
706	PSA	23	intro	r1f6			0		# Psalm 023 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 23 is a psalm of praise to God for his continued care and protection. The psalmist praises God for always being with him and for caring for him.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Psalm 23 is an extended metaphor speaking of God as if he were a shepherd, and of the psalmist as if he were a sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
707	PSA	23	1	h1x8	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	In much of this psalm, David writes as if he were a sheep and the Lord were his shepherd. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])
708	PSA	23	1	t39n	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh is my shepherd	The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. This emphasizes how God cares for people as a shepherd cares for his sheep. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is like a shepherd to me” or “Yahweh cares for me as a shepherd cares for his sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
709	PSA	23	1	gb7q	figs-litotes		0	I will lack nothing	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I have everything that I need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
710	PSA	23	2	ez87	figs-metaphor		0	He makes me to lie down in green pastures	The writer speaks about himself as if he were a sheep, and he speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. Alternate translation: He gives me rest like a shepherd who leads his sheep to lie down in green pastures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
711	PSA	23	2	p2p4	figs-metaphor		0	he leads me beside tranquil water	The writer speaks about himself as if he were a sheep, and he speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. Alternate translation: “he provides what I need like a shepherd who leads his sheep beside tranquil water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
712	PSA	23	2	l7sx			0	tranquil water	“calm water” or “water that flows gently.” This water is safe to drink.
713	PSA	23	3	ic3m			0	He brings back my life	This means God makes a person who is weak and tired to be strong and rested again.
714	PSA	23	3	nx5d	figs-metaphor		0	he guides me along right paths	Showing a person how to live in a way that pleases God is spoken of as if it were a shepherd showing a sheep the right path to take. Alternate translation: “He shows me how to live right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
715	PSA	23	3	ta7y	figs-metonymy		0	for his name’s sake	The phrase “his name” here refers to his reputation. Alternate translation: “for his reputation” or “so that people will honor him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
716	PSA	23	4	fi66	figs-metaphor		0	Even though I walk through a valley of darkest shadow	The writer describes a person experiencing terrible trouble as if he were a sheep walking through a dark and dangerous valley. There a sheep could get lost or attacked by a wild animal. Alternate translation: “Though my life is like walking through a dark and dangerous valley” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
717	PSA	23	4	me3c	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will not fear harm	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **harm**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will not be afraid of something harming me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
718	PSA	23	4	hqa2	figs-you		0	you are with me	Here “you” refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
719	PSA	23	4	yre6	figs-metonymy		0	your rod and your staff comfort me	The rod and staff represent protection because shepherds use them to protect their sheep from danger. Alternate translation: “I am not afraid because you protect me like a shepherd who protects his sheep with his rod and staff” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
720	PSA	23	5	ksk5	figs-exmetaphor		0	General Information:	Now the writer tells how God is like someone who welcomes a guest into his home and protects him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])
721	PSA	23	5	nqn4	figs-metonymy		0	You prepare a table	A table represents a feast because people would put all the food on a table. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
722	PSA	23	5	b3bs			0	in the presence of my enemies	The meaning here is that the writer is not worried about his enemies because he is an honored guest of the Lord and therefore protected from harm. Alternate translation: “despite the presence of my enemies”
723	PSA	23	5	hh1r			0	anointed my head with oil	People sometimes put oil on their guests’ heads in order to honor them.
724	PSA	23	5	w1iw	figs-idiom		0	my cup runs over	Here a cup of wine that overflows represents many blessings. Alternate translation: “You fill my cup so much that it overflows” or “You give me many blessings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
725	PSA	23	6	y8zc	figs-metaphor		0	Surely goodness and covenant faithfulness will pursue me	Yahweh being good and faithful to a person is spoken of as if goodness and covenant faithfulness are things that pursue after a person. The abstract nouns “goodness” and “faithfulness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “Surely you will be good and faithful to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
726	PSA	23	6	ep2g	figs-abstractnouns		0	all the days of my life	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **life**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “as long as I live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
727	PSA	23	6	u2bl			0	the house of Yahweh	This could mean: (1) this refers to Yahweh’s eternal home, or (2) this refers to Yahweh’s temple in Jerusalem. If possible, translate it so that both meanings could be understood.
728	PSA	23	6	u53m	figs-idiom		0	for the length of my days	This idiom refers to the duration of his life. Alternate translation: “as long as I live” or “forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
729	PSA	24	intro	cw5j			0		# Psalm 024 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 24 is a psalm of praise to God as the almighty God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/almighty]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Righteous people<br>Only the righteous come to worship God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>The psalmists uses several rhetorical questions. Each question forms a unit with a response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
730	PSA	24	1	nne9	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
731	PSA	24	1	hma5	figs-abstractnouns		0	its fullness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fullness**, you could express the same idea with the verb “fills.” Alternate translation: “everything that fills it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
732	PSA	24	2	v6lt	figs-parallelism		0	For he has founded it upon the seas and established it on the rivers	Here “founded it upon the seas” and “established it on the rivers” mean basically the same thing. The Hebrews of that time believed their land was supported by the oceans and deep underground rivers. Alternate translation: For he formed its foundation on the seas and built it on the deep waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
733	PSA	24	2	d2bq			0	the seas … the rivers	These phrases are used together to refer to the huge deep ocean below the earth.
734	PSA	24	2	h6kl			0	on the rivers	Alternate translation: “the water that is deep below”
735	PSA	24	3	e3ya	figs-parallelism		0	Who will ascend the mountain … in his holy place?	Both of these questions mean basically the same thing. The speaker is asking about who is allowed to go and worship Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
736	PSA	24	3	bda3			0	will ascend	Alternate translation: “will go up” or “will climb”
737	PSA	24	3	mz8v			0	the mountain of Yahweh	This refers to Mount Zion in Jerusalem.
738	PSA	24	3	vj27			0	his holy place	This refers Yahweh’s temple. His temple is on Mount Zion in Jerusalem.
739	PSA	24	4	g1lm	figs-genericnoun		0	He who has … who has … and has not	Here “He” does not refer to a specific person. Alternate translation: “Those who have … who have … and have not” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
740	PSA	24	4	vsk8	figs-metonymy		0	who has clean hands	The word “hands” represents what a person does. For his “hands” to be clean means he does what is right. Alternate translation: “who does what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
741	PSA	24	4	ikc9	figs-metonymy		0	a pure heart	Here “heart” represents a person’s thoughts or motives. Alternate translation: “thinks good thoughts” or “does not think about doing what is wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
742	PSA	24	4	u76e	figs-metonymy		0	who has not lifted up a falsehood	Here “falsehood” represents a false idol. To “lift up” means to worship. Alternate translation: “who has not worshiped an idol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
743	PSA	24	5	z3wj	figs-genericnoun		0	He will receive a blessing from Yahweh	The word “he” does not refer to a specific person. It refers to the ones with pure hearts mentioned in previous verse. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **blessing**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
744	PSA	24	5	bc4f	figs-abstractnouns		0	righteousness from the God of his salvation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “righteously.” And, “salvation” can be stated as “save.” Alternate translation: “God will deal righteously with him and save him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
745	PSA	24	6	n5aj	figs-metonymy		0	Such is the generation of those who seek him	Here “generation” represents people in general. Alternate translation: “The people who seek him are like this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
746	PSA	24	6	h9nq	figs-parallelism		0	those who seek him, those who seek the face of the God of Jacob	Both statements mean the same thing. They both refer to those who go to the temple to worship God. Alternate translation: “the ones who approach God, they are the ones who may worship God, the one we Israelites worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
747	PSA	24	6	fbc7	figs-metaphor		0	those who seek him	Going to the temple to worship Yahweh is spoken of as if the person is literally seeking to find him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
748	PSA	24	6	tsi7	figs-synecdoche		0	the face of the God of Jacob	Here “face” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “the God of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
749	PSA	24	7	yi4r	figs-parallelism		0	Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, everlasting doors	The two phases are very similar in meaning. The words “gates” and “doors” refer to the gates of the temple. The writer is speaking to the gates as if they were a person. A gatekeeper would be the one to open the gates. Alternate translation: “Open up, you ancient gates” or “Open these ancient gates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
750	PSA	24	7	z61a	figs-synecdoche		0	Lift up your heads	It is uncertain what specific part of the gate is the “head.” But, it stands for the gate as a whole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
751	PSA	24	8	bp2e	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh, strong and mighty; Yahweh, mighty in battle	The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a mighty warrior who fights in battles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
752	PSA	24	9	hl69	figs-parallelism		0	Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, everlasting doors	The two phases are very similar in meaning. The words “gates” and “doors” refer to the gates of the temple. The writer is speaking to the gates as if they were a person. A gatekeeper would be the one to open the gates. See how you translated this in [Psalms 24:7](../024/007.md). Alternate translation: “Open up, you ancient gates” or “Open these ancient gates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
753	PSA	24	9	fk49	figs-synecdoche		0	Lift up your heads	It is uncertain what specific part of the gate is the “head.” But, it stands for the gate as a whole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
754	PSA	25	intro	utp4			0		# Psalm 025 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 25 is a prayer for God’s help.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The humble<br>God is very good to humble people who seek to obey him.
755	PSA	25	1	sq2m	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
756	PSA	25	1	z3ls	figs-metaphor		0	I lift up my life	The phrase “lift up my life” is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) the writer is giving himself to Yahweh, which means he is completely depending on Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I give myself to you” or (2) he is offering prayer and adoration to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I worship and adore you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
757	PSA	25	2	m2b6	figs-activepassive		0	Do not let me be humiliated	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not let my enemies humiliate me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
758	PSA	25	2	ff1t	figs-idiom		0	rejoice triumphantly over me	“rejoice in triumph over me.” The phrase “over me” implies that his enemies have defeated him and stand above in victory. Alternate translation: “defeat me and rejoice about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
759	PSA	25	3	jw7y	figs-explicit		0	May no one who hopes in you be disgraced	“Do not let those who hope in you be disgraced.” Disgrace could come from being defeated by their enemies. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not let enemies defeat those who hope in you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
760	PSA	25	3	haz8			0	who hopes in you	Alternate translation: “who trusts you”
761	PSA	25	3	r1zd			0	act treacherously	Alternate translation: “act deceitfully” or “act with trickery”
762	PSA	25	3	le6f			0	without cause	Alternate translation: “without a reason”
763	PSA	25	4	a1rg	figs-parallelism		0	Make known to me your ways, Yahweh; teach me your paths	Both statements mean the same thing. God teaching a person how they should behave is spoken of as if he were showing a person the correct path on which a person should travel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
764	PSA	25	5	ji5y			0	I hope in you	Alternate translation: “I depend on you” or “I wait patiently for you”
765	PSA	25	5	t3bw	figs-doublet		0	Guide me into your truth and teach me	Guide and teach mean the same thing, to give instruction. Alternate translation: “Instruct me to conduct my life by obeying your truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
766	PSA	25	5	zz1y	figs-abstractnouns		0	the God of my salvation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “saves.” Alternate translation: “the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
767	PSA	25	6	f922	figs-idiom		0	Call to mind	This is an idiom. This does not mean God forgot something. The writer is asking God to think about and consider his acts of compassion and faithfulness. Alternate translation: “Remember” or “Think about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
768	PSA	25	6	uw7b	figs-abstractnouns		0	your acts of compassion and of covenant faithfulness	The abstract nouns “compassion” and “faithfulness” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “how you have been compassionate and faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
769	PSA	25	6	y7a2	figs-personification		0	for they have always existed	Here “they” personifies God’s compassion and covenant faithfulness. Alternate translation: “for that is how you have always been” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
770	PSA	25	7	ym66	figs-abstractnouns		0	Do not think about the sins of my youth	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sins**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “sinned.” Alternate translation: “Do not think about how I sinned against you when I was young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
771	PSA	25	7	ayg8	figs-abstractnouns		0	or my rebelliousness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rebelliousness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “rebelled.” Alternate translation: or about how I have rebelled against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
772	PSA	25	7	rmx6	figs-idiom		0	Call me to mind	This is an idiom. This does not mean God forgot something. The writer is asking God to think about him. Alternate translation: “Remember me” or “Think about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
773	PSA	25	7	dzp2	figs-abstractnouns		0	with covenant faithfulness because of your goodness	The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “goodness” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “and be faithful to me because of your covenant, because you are good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
774	PSA	25	8	fe3c	figs-metaphor		0	the way	How God wants a person to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path on which a person travels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
775	PSA	25	9	sd77	figs-nominaladj		0	the humble	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “humble people” or “those who are humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
776	PSA	25	9	g5rh	figs-metaphor		0	his way	How God wants a person to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path on which a person travels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
777	PSA	25	10	y1ce	figs-metaphor		0	All the paths of Yahweh are steadfast love and faithfulness	The word “paths” is a metaphor for ways. Alternate translation: “Yahweh always loves us because of his covenant and he is always trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
778	PSA	25	11	i29u	figs-metonymy		0	For your name’s sake	The phrase “your name” here refers to Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “For your reputation” or “So that people will honor you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
779	PSA	25	11	zdw5	figs-abstractnouns		0	pardon my sin, for it is great	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sin**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “sinned.” Alternate translation: “please forgive me, for I have sinned much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
780	PSA	25	12	uen3	figs-rquestion		0	Who is the man who fears Yahweh?	This question introduces “the man who fears Yahweh” as a new topic. Alternate translation: “I will tell you about the man who fears Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
781	PSA	25	12	r5gg	figs-genericnoun		0	is the man who fears … instruct him … he should	These words refer to any person who fears Yahweh, not a specific person. Alternate translation: “are those who fear … instruct them … they should” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
782	PSA	25	12	e57l	figs-metaphor		0	The Lord will instruct him in the way that he should choose	Yahweh teaching people how they should behave is spoken of as if Yahweh were teaching the people what way or path they should travel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
783	PSA	25	13	vwm7	figs-genericnoun		0	His life … his descendants	These words refer to any person who fears Yahweh, not a specific person. Alternate translation: “Their lives … their descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
784	PSA	25	13	f8pb			0	His life will go along in goodness	Alternate translation: “God will cause him to prosper” or “God will cause them to prosper”
785	PSA	25	14	m7sj			0	The friendship of Yahweh is for those	“Yahweh is a friend to those.” Some translate it as “Yahweh confides in those.” His confiding in them shows the intimate friendship he has with them.
786	PSA	25	15	utj9	figs-metonymy		0	My eyes are always on Yahweh	Here “eyes” represents looking. It is implied that he looks to Yahweh for help. Alternate translation: “I always look to Yahweh to help me” or “I always depend on Yahweh to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
787	PSA	25	15	mb6a	figs-metaphor		0	for he will free my feet from the net	A net is a trap. A person who is in danger is spoken of as if their feet are tangled in a net. Alternate translation: He will rescue me from danger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
788	PSA	25	16	jm85	figs-metaphor		0	Turn toward me	Yahweh paying attention to a person and considering him is spoken of as if Yahweh were physically turning towards the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
789	PSA	25	17	lu85	figs-metonymy		0	The troubles of my heart are enlarged	Here “heart” represents a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “I feel more and more troubled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
790	PSA	25	17	t6l8	figs-metaphor		0	draw me out from my distress	“bring me out of my distress.” This speaks of distress as if it were a place that a person can be brought out of. Alternate translation: “rescue me from my distress” or “relieve me of my distress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
791	PSA	25	17	px9i	figs-abstractnouns		0	my distress	The word “distress” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “the things that distress me” or “the things that cause me to be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
792	PSA	25	18	gp57			0	See my affliction	Alternate translation: “Notice my affliction”
793	PSA	25	18	kwp4	figs-abstractnouns		0	my affliction	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **affliction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the things that afflict me” or “how afflicted I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
794	PSA	25	18	my25	figs-abstractnouns		0	my toils	The word “toils” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “the things that trouble me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
795	PSA	25	19	it1s			0	they hate me with cruel hatred	Alternate translation: “they hate me cruelly” or “they hate me fiercely”
796	PSA	25	20	zk7e	figs-activepassive		0	do not let me be humiliated	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not let my enemies humiliate me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
797	PSA	25	20	y36b	figs-metaphor		0	take refuge in you!	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
798	PSA	25	21	b36j	figs-personification		0	May integrity and uprightness preserve me	This speaks about “integrity” and “uprightness” as if they were persons who could keep another person safe. These abstract nouns can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “May being honest and doing what is right preserve me” or “Preserve me, Lord, because I am honest and do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
799	PSA	25	21	d4fj			0	preserve me	Alternate translation: “keep me safe”
800	PSA	25	22	vj9z			0	Rescue Israel	Alternate translation: “Save Israel” or “Redeem Israel”
801	PSA	25	22	msf4	figs-metonymy		0	Israel … his troubles	Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel … our troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
802	PSA	26	intro	q9dz			0		# Psalm 026 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 26 is a teaching psalm; showing people how they should live by the example of the psalmsist.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Praise<br>The psalmist delights in praising God and doing good deeds. It is striking how this psalm uses the first person pronoun. This is an individual psalm of petition. Each of the four petitions are accompanied with various claims. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])
803	PSA	26	1	h9z4	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
804	PSA	26	1	b9cq	figs-metaphor		0	I have walked	The word “walked” is a metaphor for behavior. Alternate translation: “I have behaved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
805	PSA	26	1	am7u	figs-123person		0	in Yahweh	The third person use of “Yahweh” can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: “in you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
806	PSA	26	1	a4v9	figs-metaphor		0	without wavering	Doubting is spoken of as if it were losing balance and waving back and forth. Alternate translation: “without doubting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
807	PSA	26	2	zxg5			0	Examine me	Alternate translation: “Try me”
808	PSA	26	2	iqe7	figs-doublet		0	test the purity of my inner parts and my heart	Here “inner parts” and “heart” mean motives. Alternate translation: “test whether my motives are good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
809	PSA	26	3	qc7g	figs-metaphor		0	For your covenant faithfulness is before my eyes	Here “eyes” represent a person’s thoughts and having something before one’s eyes represents being aware of that thing. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “For I am always aware of your covenant faithfulness” or “For I am always aware that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
810	PSA	26	3	am2g	figs-metaphor		0	I walk about in your faithfulness	The word “walk” is a metaphor for behavior. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I conduct my life according to your faithfulness” or “I behave the way I do because you are faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
811	PSA	26	4	b17j			0	I do not associate with	Alternate translation: “I do not keep company with” or “I do not sit with”
812	PSA	26	4	j2s7			0	with deceitful people	Alternate translation: “with those who deceive others”
813	PSA	26	4	u6k2	figs-parallelism		0	nor do I mingle with dishonest people	This means the same as the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “and I do not join with dishonest people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
814	PSA	26	4	t3xy			0	dishonest people	Alternate translation: “hypocrites” or “those who lie to others”
815	PSA	26	5	hc11			0	the assembly of evildoers	Alternate translation: “those who gather to do evil”
816	PSA	26	5	ees1	figs-nominaladj		0	the wicked	This is a nominal adjective. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
817	PSA	26	6	idg7	translate-symaction		0	I wash my hands in innocence	This seems to refer to a ritual washing of hands in water to symbolize freedom from sin and guilt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
818	PSA	26	6	u7rx			0	I go around your altar	This was an action of worship that the Israelites were accustomed to doing.
819	PSA	26	8	ywm8			0	the house where you live	This could mean: (1) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem or (2) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there.
820	PSA	26	8	adz5	figs-metonymy		0	the place where your glory lives	Here “glory” represents the presence and power of God, which is similar to a very bright light. Alternate translation: “the place where people can see the glorious light of your presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
821	PSA	26	9	k89i	figs-metaphor		0	Do not sweep me away with sinners	“Sweep away” here is a metaphor for destruction. Alternate translation: “Do not destroy me along with sinners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
822	PSA	26	9	gb7w	figs-ellipsis		0	or my life	The word “sweep” is understood. Alternate translation: “or sweep my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
823	PSA	26	9	dsi8	figs-metonymy		0	people who are bloodthirsty	The word “bloodthirsty” represents wanting to kill people. Alternate translation: “people who are eager to shed others’ blood” or “murderers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
824	PSA	26	10	gku4	figs-synecdoche		0	in whose hands	“Hands” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “people in which” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
825	PSA	26	10	g7rx			0	a plot	Alternate translation: “a wicked plan”
826	PSA	26	11	qm5d			0	But as for me	This phrase shows that the writer is changing from speaking about wicked people to talking about himself.
827	PSA	26	11	vu5m	figs-metaphor		0	I will walk in integrity	“Walk” here is a metaphor for behavior. Alternate translation: “I will behave with integrity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
828	PSA	26	12	xe4n	figs-synecdoche		0	My foot stands	Here “foot” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I stand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
829	PSA	26	12	apj3	figs-metaphor		0	level ground	Here, **level ground** could mean: (1) a safe place or (2) right behavior (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
830	PSA	26	12	p8c6			0	in the assemblies will I bless Yahweh	Alternate translation: “when I gather with the people of Israel I will praise you”
831	PSA	27	intro	ru1e			0		# Psalm 027 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 27 is a psalm of praise to God because God keeps the psalmist safe from all his enemies.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s help<br>Because of God’s help, he has nothing to fear, no matter what happens. The psalmist shows his confidence in God; he also asks God for help.
832	PSA	27	1	cx3f	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
833	PSA	27	1	pgd5	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh is my light	Here “light” represents life. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the source of my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
834	PSA	27	1	f2iu	figs-rquestion		0	whom should I fear?	This question emphasizes that there is no one that David should fear. Alternate translation: “I will not be afraid of anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
835	PSA	27	1	gdw7	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh is my life’s refuge	This speaks about Yahweh as if he were a place where people can go for safety. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who keeps me safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
836	PSA	27	1	b7ym	figs-rquestion		0	whom should I dread?	This question emphasizes that there is no one that David should be afraid of. Alternate translation: “I will not dread anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
837	PSA	27	2	b8ta	figs-metaphor		0	to devour my flesh	Destroying someone completely is spoken of as if it were devouring a person’s flesh. He did not mean that they wanted to eat his body. Alternate translation: “to destroy me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
838	PSA	27	2	afd9	figs-doublet		0	my adversaries and my enemies	These words mean the same thing. These are the evildoers who came near to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
839	PSA	27	2	gj21	figs-metaphor		0	stumbled and fell	This represents the writer’s enemies failing to fulfill their plans to harm the writer. Alternate translation: “did not succeed” or “failed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
840	PSA	27	3	a7hp			0	Though an army encamps against me	Alternate translation: “though an army surrounds me” or “though an army puts its tents around me”
841	PSA	27	3	nqv6	figs-synecdoche		0	my heart will not fear	Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will not be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
842	PSA	27	3	bf9y	figs-metaphor		0	though war rises up against me	The writer’s enemies are spoken of as if they themselves were a war. Alternate translation: “though my enemies come to fight against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
843	PSA	27	3	z488			0	I will remain confident	Alternate translation: “I will continue to trust God to help me”
844	PSA	27	4	p5pc			0	have I asked of Yahweh	Alternate translation: “I have asked Yahweh to let me do”
845	PSA	27	4	vpq5	figs-metaphor		0	I will seek that	A person really wanting something and continually asking God for it is spoken of as if he were seeking to find something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
846	PSA	27	4	gb9g	figs-metaphor		0	to see the beauty of Yahweh	The wonderful character of God is spoken of as if it were physical beauty. Alternate translation: “to see how wonderful Yahweh is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
847	PSA	27	4	c2a9			0	to meditate in his temple	This could mean: (1) “to ask God what he wants me to do” or (2) “to think carefully about God in his temple.”
848	PSA	27	5	cv9f			0	in the day of trouble	Alternate translation: “in times of trouble” or “when I have troubles”
849	PSA	27	5	vjd7			0	he will hide me	Alternate translation: “he will protect me”
850	PSA	27	5	cc6r	figs-parallelism		0	his shelter … his tent	Both of these refer to the tabernacle where the writer is worshiping God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
851	PSA	27	5	mz3d			0	in the cover of his tent	The word “cover” represents something that hides and protects.
852	PSA	27	5	j6tu	figs-metaphor		0	He will lift me high on a rock	God keeping the writer safe from his enemies is spoken of as if God were placing him on a high rock where his enemies cannot reach him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
853	PSA	27	6	a3t2	figs-metonymy		0	my head will be lifted up above my enemies	This represents the writer receiving pride or honor when he defeats his enemies. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will honor me when I win the fight against my enemies” or “God will honor me by enabling me to defeat my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
854	PSA	27	7	p3lq	figs-metonymy		0	Hear, Yahweh, my voice	The “voice” often represents a person who speak or calls out. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, hear me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
855	PSA	27	7	q1ev	figs-explicit		0	answer me	This implies that Yahweh hears the writer’s prayer and Yahweh will do what the writer asks. Alternate translation: “answer my prayer” or “do what I request of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
856	PSA	27	8	jx52	figs-metonymy		0	My heart says	Here “heart” represents a person’s mind or thoughts. Alternate translation: “In my heart I say” or “I say to myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
857	PSA	27	8	kc98	figs-metaphor		0	Seek his face	A person going to the temple to pray to Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were seeking to find Yahweh. Here “face” represents all of God. Alternate translation: “Go and pray to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
858	PSA	27	8	lv4r	figs-metaphor		0	I seek your face, Yahweh	A person going to the temple to pray to Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were seeking to find Yahweh. Here “face” represents all of God. Alternate translation: “I will come to your temple to pray to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
859	PSA	27	9	uv72	figs-metonymy		0	Do not hide your face from me	The face here represents Yahweh’s attention, and hiding the face represents rejecting someone. Alternate translation: “Do not reject me” or “Do not stop taking care of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
860	PSA	27	9	n49l	figs-123person		0	do not turn your servant away in anger	David said “your servant” to refer to himself in a humble way. Alternate translation: “do not be angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
861	PSA	27	9	p7vh	figs-doublet		0	forsake me or abandon me	The words “forsake” and “abandon” mean the same thing. The writer is emphasizing that he does not want God to leave him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
862	PSA	27	9	j546	figs-ellipsis		0	or abandon me	The words “and do not” are understood. Alternate translation: “and do not abandon me” or “and do not leave me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
863	PSA	27	9	sm12	figs-abstractnouns		0	God of my salvation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “saves.” Alternate translation: God who saves me” or “because you are the God who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
864	PSA	27	10	w897	figs-hypo		0	Even if my father and my mother forsake me	“Even if my father and my mother were to forsake me.” He is not saying that they actually have done this or that they would do it. His point is that even if they did that, God would not abandon him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
865	PSA	27	10	n75n			0	Yahweh will take me in	Alternate translation: “Yahweh will keep me” or “Yahweh will take care of me”
866	PSA	27	11	z7b8	figs-metaphor		0	Teach me your way	How a person should behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path that person should travel. Alternate translation: “Teach me how you want me to live” or “Teach me to do what you want me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
867	PSA	27	11	r72j	figs-metaphor		0	Lead me on a level path	Yahweh keeping the writer safe from his enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh leads the writer on a level path where he will not stumble and fall. Alternate translation: “Keep me safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
868	PSA	27	12	gs3s	figs-abstractnouns		0	Do not give me up to the desires of my enemies	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desires**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Do not let my enemies do to me what they desire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
869	PSA	27	12	s7ry	figs-idiom		0	have risen up against me	“Risen up” here is an idiom meaning that a witness stood in court to present testimony. Alternate translation: “have stood up in order to speak against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
870	PSA	27	12	ez4n	figs-metaphor		0	they breathe out violence	Here violence is spoken for as if it was something a person could breathe out. Alternate translation: “they say that they will do violent things to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
871	PSA	27	13	ts3j	figs-rquestion		0	What would have happened to me	This rhetorical question can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Something bad would have happened to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
872	PSA	27	13	c72l	figs-abstractnouns		0	the goodness of Yahweh	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **goodness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “the good things that Yahweh does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
873	PSA	27	13	wld8	figs-idiom		0	in the land of the living	This refers to being alive. Alternate translation: “while I am alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
874	PSA	27	14	g4pq			0	Wait for Yahweh … Wait for Yahweh!	This verse may be: (1) the writer speaking to himself or (2) the writer speaking to others or (3) someone speaking to the writer.
875	PSA	27	14	m8gs	figs-synecdoche		0	let your heart be courageous	Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “be courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
876	PSA	27	14	yng1			0	Wait for Yahweh!	This line is repeated at the end of the psalm as a way of ending the psalm.
877	PSA	28	intro	a18t			0		# Psalm 028 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 28 is a psalm of prayer to God that he is not be punished along with the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Trust<br>The psalmist trusted God completely and God rescued him. This is similar to psalm 7 and 17 because it is an individual lament psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])
878	PSA	28	1	p6ea	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
879	PSA	28	1	t7sd			0	I cry out	Alternate translation: “I call out loudly”
880	PSA	28	1	vx2c	figs-metaphor		0	my rock	This is a metaphor for strength. Alternate translation: “my strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
881	PSA	28	1	y82h			0	do not ignore me	Alternate translation: “do not be silent to me” or “do not leave me alone”
882	PSA	28	1	y255	figs-metaphor		0	I will join those who go down to the grave	People who die are spoken of as if they are going down into the grave. Alternate translation: “I will die like those who are in the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
883	PSA	28	2	i4h9	figs-metonymy		0	Hear the sound of my pleading	Here “sound” refers to the content of his request. Alternate translation: “Hear my strong request” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
884	PSA	28	2	t7ig	translate-symaction		0	I lift up my hands toward your most holy place	Lifting up hands is a symbol of worship. The writer is not worshiping the holy place, but Yahweh who lives in the holy place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
885	PSA	28	2	a92a			0	your most holy place	This could mean: (1) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there, or (2) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem.
886	PSA	28	3	r4t6	figs-metaphor		0	Do not drag me away	God punishing people is spoken of as if he physically drags them away. In this metaphor Yahweh may be dragging them to prison, exile, or death. Alternate translation: “Do not remove me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
887	PSA	28	3	y9zp			0	who speak peace with their neighbors	Here “neighbors” refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “who speak peacefully with other people”
888	PSA	28	3	y46g	figs-metonymy		0	but have evil in their hearts	Here “hearts” represents a person’s mind or thoughts. Alternate translation: “but are thinking something evil about them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
889	PSA	28	4	g3b9	figs-parallelism		0	Give them what their deeds deserve … repay them what their wickedness demands	These two phrases mean the same thing. They are used together to emphasize that they deserve for God to punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
890	PSA	28	4	z39d	figs-metonymy		0	the work of their hands	Here “hands” represent what the person has done. Alternate translation: “the things they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
891	PSA	28	4	d21y			0	render to them their due	Alternate translation: “give them what they deserve”
892	PSA	28	5	vma7			0	Because they do not understand … never rebuild them	This could mean: (1) David is confident about what God will do to wicked people or (2) David is asking God to destroy the wicked people.
893	PSA	28	5	b1cw	figs-explicit		0	they do not understand the deeds of Yahweh	It is implied that “do not understand” means they ignore or do not honor Yahweh’s works. Alternate translation: “they do not regard with honor what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
894	PSA	28	5	a757	figs-metonymy		0	the work of his hands	Here “hands” represents what Yahweh has done or created. Alternate translation: “what he has created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
895	PSA	28	5	uqh3	figs-metaphor		0	he will tear them down and never rebuild them	The punishment of the wicked people is spoken of as if they were a building or a city that God would destroy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
896	PSA	28	6	jfr4	figs-metonymy		0	he has heard the sound of my pleading	Here “sound” represents what the writer said. Alternate translation: “has heard what I said when I pleaded to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
897	PSA	28	7	g4ne	figs-abstractnouns		0	Yahweh is my strength	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “strong.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes me strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
898	PSA	28	7	vh7h	figs-metaphor		0	my shield	This represents Yahweh’s protecting the writer. Alternate translation: “he protects me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
899	PSA	28	7	r9jp	figs-synecdoche		0	my heart trusts	Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I trust” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
900	PSA	28	7	bl9l	figs-activepassive		0	I am helped	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he helps me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
901	PSA	28	7	uts5	figs-synecdoche		0	my heart greatly rejoices	Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I greatly rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
902	PSA	28	8	pd6u	figs-abstractnouns		0	Yahweh is the strength of his people	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “strong.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes his people strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
903	PSA	28	8	vd99	figs-metaphor		0	he is the saving refuge of his anointed one	Yahweh keeping the king safe is spoken of as if Yahweh were a place that the king could go for safety. Alternate translation: “he keeps safe the one he appointed to be king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
904	PSA	28	8	yh2k	figs-metonymy		0	his anointed one	The represents the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
905	PSA	28	9	at1a	figs-metaphor		0	your inheritance	This speaks about the people of God as if they were something God inherited. Alternate translation: “your possession” or “those who belong to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
906	PSA	28	9	e7e7	figs-metaphor		0	Be their shepherd and carry them forever	The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd and the people are his sheep. A shepherd would carry a sheep if it needed help or protection. Alternate translation: “Be like their shepherd and protect them forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
907	PSA	29	intro	b4tt			0		# Psalm 029 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 29 is a worship psalm. It tells how Yahweh rules all nature.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s power<br>God is powerful. All he has to do is to speak in order to control nature.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metonymy<br><br>The voice of the Yahweh stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
908	PSA	29	1	kq7e	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
909	PSA	29	1	bc7z	figs-idiom		0	you sons of God	The phrase “sons of” is a way of saying “having the characteristics of.” Alternate translation: “you mighty men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
910	PSA	29	1	i354	figs-abstractnouns		0	ascribe to Yahweh glory and strength	The abstract nouns “glory” and “strength” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “praise Yahweh because he is glorious and strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
911	PSA	29	2	yv1p	figs-abstractnouns		0	Ascribe to Yahweh the glory his name deserves	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **glory**, you could express the same idea with a verb or adjective. Alternate translation: “Honor Yahweh just as his name deserves” or “Proclaim that Yahweh is glorious just as his name deserves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
912	PSA	29	2	rcj6	figs-metonymy		0	his name deserves	The phrase “his name” refers to Yahweh or his reputation. Alternate translation: “as is proper because of who he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
913	PSA	29	2	e4f6	figs-explicit		0	Bow down to Yahweh	The implied information is that the people were to bow down in worship. Alternate translation: “Bow down to worship Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
914	PSA	29	2	da1b	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the splendor of holiness	The abstract nouns “splendor” and “holiness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “because he is gloriously beautiful and holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
915	PSA	29	3	dml8			0	General Information:	The psalm shows Yahweh’s power and glory.
916	PSA	29	3	t9g6	figs-activepassive		0	The voice of Yahweh is heard over the waters	God’s voice is louder and clearer than all other sounds and noises. It can be heard over other loud sounds such as the sound of the waters. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh speaks his voice is louder than the sound of the sea” or “Yahweh shouts louder than the sound of the waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
917	PSA	29	3	z58f			0	over the waters	This refers to the seas or the oceans. These waters make a very loud noise as the waves rise and fall.
918	PSA	29	3	u41c	figs-metonymy		0	The voice of Yahweh	All occurrences of “voice” here represent Yahweh speaking. The writer is emphasizing that when Yahweh speaks, the sound is so loud it is heard over the waters, and it is so powerful it can destroy the largest trees. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh speaks, his voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
919	PSA	29	3	b7zk	figs-metaphor		0	the God of glory thunders	This speaks about God speaking as if it were the sound of thunder. Just like the sound of thunder, Yahweh’s voice can be heard over large distances. Alternate translation: “The voice of the glorious God is loud like thunder” or “When the glorious God speaks it rumbles like thunder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
920	PSA	29	3	srk7			0	over many waters	Alternate translation: “over the large bodies of water”
921	PSA	29	6	s8av			0	Connecting Statement:	The writer continues describing the power of God’s voice.
922	PSA	29	6	kdn3	figs-simile		0	He makes Lebanon skip like a calf	The ground of Lebanon shaking is spoken of as if it were a young calf skipping. This emphasizes that when Yahweh speaks, the power of his voice shakes the ground. Alternate translation: “He makes the land of Lebanon shake like a calf skipping” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
923	PSA	29	6	y9uu			0	skip	jump lightly back and forth
924	PSA	29	6	war4	figs-ellipsis		0	Sirion like a young ox	The words “he makes” and “skip” are understood from the first phrase. They can be repeated here. The ground of Sirion shaking is spoken of as if it were a young ox skipping. This emphasizes that when Yahweh speaks, the power of his voice shakes the ground. Alternate translation: “he makes Sirion skip like a young ox” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
925	PSA	29	6	n725	translate-names		0	Sirion	This is a mountain in Lebanon. It is also called Mount Hermon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
926	PSA	29	7	wk16	figs-metonymy		0	The voice of Yahweh sends out flames of fire	All occurrences of “voice” here represent Yahweh speaking. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh speaks he causes lightning to flash in the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
927	PSA	29	7	rc8c			0	flames of fire	This refers to lightning.
928	PSA	29	9	ht1n	figs-metonymy		0	The voice of Yahweh causes	Here “voice” represents Yahweh speaking. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh speaks, the sound causes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
929	PSA	29	9	sqa7			0	the oaks to twist	Alternate translation: “the large trees to shake”
930	PSA	29	9	f33q	figs-metaphor		0	strips the forests bare	Removing the leaves of the trees is spoken of as if it was removing their clothing. Alternate translation: “strips off the leaves from the trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
931	PSA	29	10	mk7u	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh sits as king	This means that Yahweh rules. Alternate translation: “Yahweh rules” or “Yahweh is king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
932	PSA	29	10	b6k6			0	over the flood	Here “flood” refers to waters that cover the earth.
933	PSA	29	11	vm7e	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh blesses his people with peace	The word “peace” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “Yahweh blesses his people by causing them to prosper and to live peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
934	PSA	30	intro	eee3			0		# Psalm 030 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 30 is a psalm of praise and thanksgiving to God. The psalmist was near death but God rescued him.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The psalmist’s death<br>If he had died, it would not have been a help to God. But since God rescued him he can praise God.
935	PSA	30	1	iaj9	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
936	PSA	30	1	e8py			0	a song at the dedication of the temple	Alternate translation: “This song was sung when the temple was dedicated”
937	PSA	30	1	ig1t	figs-metaphor		0	you have raised me up	The writer speaks of God rescuing him and keeping him from dying as if God had drawn him up from a deep well. Alternate translation: “you rescued me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
938	PSA	30	3	gel6	figs-metonymy		0	brought up my soul from Sheol	Since “Sheol” was the place where dead people go, it refers to death. Alternate translation: “kept me from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
939	PSA	30	3	sw64	figs-synecdoche		0	brought up my soul	Here “my soul” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “brought me up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
940	PSA	30	3	ryd7	figs-metonymy		0	from going down to the grave	The “grave” represents death. Alternate translation: “from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
941	PSA	30	4	jui4	figs-abstractnouns		0	Give thanks when you remember his holiness	The abstract nouns “thanks” and “holiness” can be stated as “thank” and “holy.” Alternate translation: “Remember that God is holy and thank him” or “Remember what God has done because he is holy and thank him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
942	PSA	30	5	n3py	figs-abstractnouns		0	his anger is only for a moment	“his anger lasts only a moment.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anger**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “angry.” Alternate translation: “he is angry for only a moment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
943	PSA	30	5	ls29	figs-metonymy		0	a moment	Here “moment” represents a short amount of time. Alternate translation: “a short time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
944	PSA	30	5	zm7v	figs-abstractnouns		0	but his favor is for a lifetime	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **favor**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “good.” Alternate translation: “but he is good to us all of our lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
945	PSA	30	5	vw11	figs-metaphor		0	Weeping comes for a night, but joy comes in the morning	This speaks about “weeping” and “joy” as if they were something that travels and arrives at a certain time. Alternate translation: “We may cry during the night, but the next morning we will be joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
946	PSA	30	6	v3a5	figs-abstractnouns		0	In confidence	The word “confidence” is an abstract noun. The writer recalls a time when he was prospering and felt confident and safe. Alternate translation: “When I was confident” or “When I felt safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
947	PSA	30	6	p1kl	figs-metaphor		0	I will never be shaken	The word “shaken” is a metaphor for defeat. Alternate translation: “No one will defeat me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
948	PSA	30	7	d155	figs-abstractnouns		0	by your favor	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **favor**, you could express the same idea with the verb “favored” or the adjective “kind.” Alternate translation: “when you favored me” or “when you were kind to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
949	PSA	30	7	m53d	figs-metaphor		0	you established me as a strong mountain	The writer’s security is spoken of as if he were a strong mountain. Alternate translation: “you made me as secure as a high mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
950	PSA	30	7	q4uk	figs-idiom		0	when you hid your face	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “when you stopped helping me” or “when you rejected me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
951	PSA	30	7	y2rt			0	I was troubled	Alternate translation: “I was fearful” or “I was worried”
952	PSA	30	8	m69p	figs-metaphor		0	sought favor from my Lord	The phrase “sought favor” means to ask for help. Alternate translation: “I pleaded for you to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
953	PSA	30	8	n1hs	figs-123person		0	from my Lord	The writer is referring to Yahweh in third person. It can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “from you, my Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
954	PSA	30	9	npv8	figs-rquestion		0	What advantage is there in my death, if I go down to the grave?	The writer uses this question to emphasize that he would be of no value to God if he were dead. Alternate translation: “There is no advantage if I die and go down to the grave.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
955	PSA	30	9	h9v9	figs-rquestion		0	Will the dust praise you? Will it declare your trustworthiness?	The writer uses these questions to emphasize that his dead and decayed body cannot praise God. Alternate translation: “The dust will certainly not praise you or tell others about how trustworthy you are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
956	PSA	30	9	ds6c	figs-metonymy		0	the dust	This refers to the body of the writer which will decay and become dust when he is dead. Alternate translation: “my decayed body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
957	PSA	30	11	fh4q	figs-abstractnouns		0	You have turned my mourning into dancing	It was customary for the Jews to dance when they were very happy. The abstract nouns “mourning” and “dancing” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “You have caused me to stop mourning and to dance with joy instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
958	PSA	30	11	y5wj	figs-metonymy		0	you have removed my sackcloth	Sackcloth was associated with mourning and sorrow. Alternate translation: “You have caused me to no longer be sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
959	PSA	30	11	l9jm	figs-metaphor		0	clothed me with gladness	The writer speaks of gladness as if it were a garment that he could put on. Alternate translation: “caused me to be glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
960	PSA	30	12	b717	figs-synecdoche		0	my glory will sing praise to you	Here “my glory” refers to the writer’s soul or heart or inner being. This represents the entire person of the writer, who worships God because God has made him glad. Alternate translation: “I will sing praise to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
961	PSA	31	intro	j2an			0		# Psalm 031 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 31 is a psalm of deliverance. The psalmist’s enemies thought they had defeated him, but God protected him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Abandonment<br>Even though everyone deserted and despised the psalmist, God did not abandon him.
962	PSA	31	1	ggk4	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
963	PSA	31	1	yu4y			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
964	PSA	31	1	fs4i	figs-metaphor		0	In you, Yahweh, I take refuge	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “I go to you, Yahweh, for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
965	PSA	31	1	f8jw	figs-activepassive		0	never let me be humiliated	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “do not let others humiliate me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
966	PSA	31	2	x6bw	figs-parallelism		0	be my rock of refuge, a stronghold to save me	The phrase “be my rock of refuge” is a request for protection. The second phrase emphasizes the first phrase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
967	PSA	31	2	tq1e	figs-metaphor		0	my rock of refuge	Yahweh is spoke of as if he were a huge rock that would protect the writer from attack. Alternate translation: “like a huge rock on which I can be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
968	PSA	31	2	p9xb	figs-metaphor		0	a stronghold to save me	Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a strong fortress in which the writer would be protected from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
969	PSA	31	3	m5q1	figs-metaphor		0	my rock	Yahweh is spoke of as if he were a huge rock that would protect the writer from attack. Alternate translation: “like a huge rock on which I can be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
970	PSA	31	3	d9h8	figs-metaphor		0	my fortress	Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a strong fortress in which the writer would be protected from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
971	PSA	31	3	kti8	figs-metonymy		0	for your name’s sake	In this phrase “name” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “so that your name may be honored” or “so that I may worship you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
972	PSA	31	3	nm5d	figs-doublet		0	lead and guide me	The words “lead” and “guide” mean basically the same thing and strengthen the request that Yahweh lead him. Alternate translation: “lead me where you want me to go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
973	PSA	31	4	xp2k	figs-metaphor		0	Pluck me out of the net that they have hidden for me	The writer is spoken of as if he were a bird caught in a hidden net, and waiting for Yahweh to free him from the trap. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
974	PSA	31	4	pg5z	figs-metaphor		0	you are my refuge	Yahweh is spoken of as if he is a place where the writer can hide from people who are attacking him. Alternate translation: “you always protect me” or “you give me constant protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
975	PSA	31	5	e3hz	figs-personification		0	Into your hands	God is spirit, but he is here spoken of as if he has hands. Here “your hands” refers to Yahweh’s care. Alternate translation: “Into your care” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
976	PSA	31	5	ez3i	figs-synecdoche		0	I entrust my spirit	Here “my spirit” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “I place myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
977	PSA	31	5	m7ux			0	God of trustworthiness	Alternate translation: “you are a God I can trust”
978	PSA	31	6	d1f4	figs-distinguish		0	I hate those who serve worthless idols	Here the word “worthless” refers to all idols. This can be clarified in translation. Alternate translation: “Idols are worthless. I hate those who serve them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
979	PSA	31	7	z4ew	figs-doublet		0	I will be glad and rejoice in your covenant faithfulness	The words “glad” and “rejoice” share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of joy. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I will be very glad because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
980	PSA	31	7	x1wl	figs-parallelism		0	you saw my affliction … you knew the distress of my soul	Both of these phrases express the idea that God knows about the writer’s troubles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
981	PSA	31	7	ji14	figs-synecdoche		0	the distress of my soul	Here “my soul” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “my distress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
982	PSA	31	8	x76g	figs-synecdoche		0	You have set my feet	Here “my feet” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “You have set me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
983	PSA	31	8	d4bb	figs-metaphor		0	a wide open place	The Hebrews thought of wide open spaces as a metaphor for safety and freedom. Alternate translation: “a place where I am free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
984	PSA	31	9	iv54			0	I am in distress	Alternate translation: “I am suffering greatly”
985	PSA	31	9	amp8	figs-synecdoche		0	my soul and my body	The terms “soul” and “body” are used to describe the complete person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
986	PSA	31	10	p8pm	figs-metonymy		0	For my life is weary	Here “my life” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “I have become very weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
987	PSA	31	10	nw2b			0	with sorrow … with groaning	Alternate translation: “because of my sorrow … because of my groaning”
988	PSA	31	10	l7fj	figs-ellipsis		0	my years with groaning	The phrase “is weary” is missing, but is implied. Alternate translation: “my years are weary with groaning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
989	PSA	31	10	a1r3	figs-metonymy		0	My strength fails	Here “My strength” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “I have become weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
990	PSA	31	10	b5c7	figs-metonymy		0	my bones are wasting away	Here “my bones” refers to the physical health of the writer. Alternate translation: “my health is failing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
991	PSA	31	11	n8g3			0	people disdain me	Alternate translation: “people insult me”
992	PSA	31	11	w86t			0	are appalled at my situation	Alternate translation: “are shocked at my condition”
993	PSA	31	12	w6b3	figs-simile		0	as a dead man whom no one thinks about	People do not think about dead people. The writer does not think people think about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
994	PSA	31	12	dnb7	figs-simile		0	like a broken pot	The writer speaks of himself as if he was completely useless. “as useless as a broken pot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
995	PSA	31	13	ll6r	figs-ellipsis		0	the whispering of many	It is implied that “many” refers to people. Alternate translation: “many people talking about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
996	PSA	31	13	pf7q			0	terrifying news from every side	Alternate translation: “scary reports from many sources”
997	PSA	31	13	d84i	figs-idiom		0	take away my life	This idiom means to kill someone. Alternate translation: “kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
998	PSA	31	15	pr1h	figs-metonymy		0	My times are in your hand	Here “your hand” refers to Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “You have the power to decide my future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
999	PSA	31	15	c577			0	from those who pursue me	Alternate translation: “from people who try to capture me”
1000	PSA	31	16	x22n	figs-metaphor		0	Make your face shine on your servant	The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards him as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on him. Alternate translation: “Act favorably towards your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1001	PSA	31	16	hjf7	figs-abstractnouns		0	save me in your covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “save me because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1002	PSA	31	17	fg5c	figs-activepassive		0	Do not let me be humiliated	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not let others make me feel ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1003	PSA	31	17	vud9			0	May the wicked be humiliated!	Alternate translation: “I wish that God would disgrace wicked people!”
1004	PSA	31	17	mw8m	figs-nominaladj		0	the wicked	This refers to “wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1005	PSA	31	17	n96w	figs-metonymy		0	May they be silent in Sheol	Here “in Sheol” represents death. Alternate translation: “Let them die so they cannot speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1006	PSA	31	18	rvr4	figs-activepassive		0	May lying lips be silenced	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “May someone make these lying lips silent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1007	PSA	31	18	jqf6	figs-metonymy		0	lying lips	These represent lying people. Alternate translation: “people who lie” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1008	PSA	31	18	dig8	figs-nominaladj		0	that speak against the righteous defiantly	Here “the righteous” refers to people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “that say terrible things about righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1009	PSA	31	18	r22l			0	with arrogance and contempt	These terms have similar meanings. Alternate translation: “with a complete lack of respect”
1010	PSA	31	19	c7i2	figs-abstractnouns		0	is your goodness	This can be expressed with a verb. Alternate translation: “are the good things you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1011	PSA	31	19	dge4	figs-metaphor		0	that you have stored up	Yahweh’s goodness is spoken of as if it was something that could be stored up like a harvest. Alternate translation: “that you are keeping ready to use” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1012	PSA	31	19	ld4z			0	those who revere you	Alternate translation: “those who respect you greatly”
1013	PSA	31	19	iu38	figs-metaphor		0	take refuge in you	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. See how you translated this in [Psalms 31:1](../031/001.md). Alternate translation: “those who go to you for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1014	PSA	31	20	q6pa	figs-parallelism		0	In the shelter of your presence, you hide them … You hide them in a shelter	These phrases both mean that God protects them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1015	PSA	31	20	v252	figs-metaphor		0	In the shelter	Yahweh’s presence is spoken of as if it is a strong building where the writer would be safe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1016	PSA	31	20	dx2q	figs-metonymy		0	You hide them in a shelter	Here a “shelter” represents a safe place. Alternate translation: “You provide a safe place for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1017	PSA	31	20	jre5	figs-metonymy		0	from the violence of tongues	Here “tongues” refer to the people who are speaking violent things against the writer. Alternate translation: “where their enemies cannot speak evil at them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1018	PSA	31	21	jkp6	figs-abstractnouns		0	he showed me his marvelous covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he showed me that he is wonderfully faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1019	PSA	31	22	uq2j	figs-activepassive		0	I am cut off from your eyes	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You have removed me from your presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1020	PSA	31	22	aku2	figs-synecdoche		0	your eyes	Here Yahweh is represented by his “eyes.” Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1021	PSA	31	22	pa4l	figs-abstractnouns		0	you heard my plea for help	Here “plea” can be expressed with a verb. Alternate translation: “you heard me plead for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1022	PSA	31	23	a8kd	figs-nominaladj		0	the faithful	This refers to the faithful people. Alternate translation: “the people who are faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1023	PSA	31	23	el6y	figs-idiom		0	he pays back the arrogant in full	Here “pay back” is an idiom that refers to punishment. Alternate translation: “he gives the proud people all of the punishment that they deserve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1024	PSA	32	intro	le2f			0		# Psalm 032 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 32 is a psalm of confession of sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Confession of sin<br>This psalm tells of the sorrow of unconfessed sin; it also tells of the blessing of confession and of receiving God’s forgiveness. It is such a blessing when God forgives sin. Trouble comes when sin is hidden and not confessed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]])
1025	PSA	32	1	w4yz	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1026	PSA	32	1	tgw8			0	A psalm of David	This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
1027	PSA	32	1	pzp9	figs-parallelism		0	whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered	These phrases have similar meanings. They can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who God forgives his transgression and covers his sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1028	PSA	32	1	sch5	figs-metaphor		0	whose sin is covered	Here sin that is forgiven is spoken of as if it were covered so that it can not be seen. Alternate translation: “whose sin is ignored” or “whose sin is deliberately forgotten” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1029	PSA	32	2	k682	figs-activepassive		0	to whom Yahweh reckons no guilt	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom Yahweh sees as innocent” or “who is not guilty according to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1030	PSA	32	2	m29u	figs-synecdoche		0	in whose spirit there is no deceit	Here “spirit” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “in whom there is not deceit” or “who is completely honest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1031	PSA	32	3	s6cx	figs-synecdoche		0	my bones were wasting away	Here “my bones” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “I was wasting away” or “I was getting weaker” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1032	PSA	32	3	svq8	figs-idiom		0	all day long	This idiom means “continually.” Alternate translation: “all the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1033	PSA	32	4	j9jl	figs-merism		0	day and night	These extremes include everything in between. Alternate translation: “all the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1034	PSA	32	4	xw1r	figs-synecdoche		0	your hand was heavy upon me	Here “hand” refers to Yahweh. The entire phrase is an idiom that means “you afflicted me.” Alternate translation: “you made me suffer greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1035	PSA	32	4	fkc1	figs-simile		0	My strength withered as in summer drought	David’s strength is compared to a small, green plant that turns brown and crumbles in the dry season. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1036	PSA	32	6	rpw8			0	at a time of great distress	Alternate translation: “when they are in great trouble.”
1037	PSA	32	6	yl7l	figs-metaphor		0	When the surging waters overflow, the waters will not reach them	Difficulties are spoken of as if they were a flood of water. Alternate translation: “Then when difficulties come like a flood of water, those people will be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1038	PSA	32	7	r54z	figs-metaphor		0	You are my hiding place	Yahweh is spoken of as if he was a safe place from the attacks of the writer’s enemies. Alternate translation: “You are like a place where I can hide myself from my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1039	PSA	32	7	u3z7	figs-metaphor		0	You will surround me with the songs of victory	This metaphor apparently means that Yahweh’s protection of the writer is the cause for songs of victory to be sung. Alternate translation: “Because of you I will sing songs of victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1040	PSA	32	8	x1lw	figs-doublet		0	I will instruct you and teach you in the way	The words “instruct” and “teach” mean basically the same thing and emphasize careful instruction. Alternate translation: “I will teach you everything about the way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1041	PSA	32	8	mh9j			0	I will instruct	Here the “I” is probably Yahweh who talks directly to David.
1042	PSA	32	8	s74m	figs-metaphor		0	in the way which you should go	Living in the correct way is spoken of as if it were a path that the writer should walk. Alternate translation: “how you should live your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1043	PSA	32	8	lj3f	figs-metonymy		0	with my eye upon you	Here “my eye” refers to Yahweh’s attention. Alternate translation: “and direct my attention to you” or “and watch over you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1044	PSA	32	9	ry6h	figs-simile		0	Do not be like a horse … no understanding	The writer compares people with no understanding to horses and mules. This could mean: (1) the writer is speaking Yahweh’s words to his readers, “You all must not be like a horse … no understanding” or (2) Yahweh is speaking to the writer as though to a group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1045	PSA	32	9	g1b3			0	bridle and bit	Two tools that are used by people to guide horses and mules go where the rider wants them to go.
1046	PSA	32	9	cv6w			0	where you want them to	“where anyone wants them to go.” The “you” here is singular and refers to no one in particular.
1047	PSA	32	10	ann9	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness will surround the one who trusts in him	Yahweh being faithful to a person and protecting that person is spoken of as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness surrounded the person. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant, he will protect the one who trusts in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1048	PSA	32	11	zxp2	figs-idiom		0	Be glad in Yahweh	Here “in Yahweh” refers to what Yahweh has done for them. “Be glad because of what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1049	PSA	32	11	n71r	figs-nominaladj		0	you righteous	This refers to people. Alternate translation: “you righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1050	PSA	32	11	gs62			0	shout for joy	Alternate translation: “shout joyfully” or “shout because of joy”
1051	PSA	32	11	ame7	figs-synecdoche		0	who are upright in heart	Here “heart” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “people who are upright” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1052	PSA	33	intro	m4ih			0		# Psalm 033 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 33 is a worship song. It tells how great God is.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s power<br>God is the creator and also the God of his people, Israel. Whatever he plans works out. He alone provides safety in battle.
1053	PSA	33	1	b979	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1054	PSA	33	1	x3gc	figs-idiom		0	Rejoice in Yahweh	Here “in Yahweh” refers to what Yahweh has done for them. “Rejoice because of what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1055	PSA	33	1	jn1l			0	praise is appropriate for the upright	Alternate translation: “to praise Yahweh is appropriate for upright people”
1056	PSA	33	4	mcg5	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Each verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1057	PSA	33	4	t8rm	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh’s word is upright	Here “upright” is used as a metaphor for something that is true. Alternate translation: “Yahweh always does what he says that he will do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1058	PSA	33	5	n6zg	figs-abstractnouns		0	He loves righteousness and justice	These abstract nouns can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “He loves doing what is right and just” or “He loves those who do what is right and just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1059	PSA	33	5	e631	figs-metaphor		0	The earth is full of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness	People everywhere in the world being able to see evidence of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if his covenant faithfulness filled the earth. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **covenant faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “People everywhere on earth can see that Yahweh is faithful to his covenant” or “Throughout the earth, there is evidence that Yahweh is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1060	PSA	33	6	qhw8	figs-activepassive		0	By the word of Yahweh the heavens were made	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “By using his word, Yahweh made the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1061	PSA	33	6	bb33	figs-metonymy		0	by the breath of his mouth	This refers to Yahweh’s word. Alternate translation: “by his word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1062	PSA	33	7	xt7h	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Each verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1063	PSA	33	7	k6ey	figs-simile		0	like a heap	“like behind a dam.” The writer describes the creation of the sea as if God piles up all the waters together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1064	PSA	33	7	eg5a	figs-metaphor		0	he puts the oceans in storehouses	The writer describes the creation of the oceans as if God put them in a storehouse. Alternate translation: “he puts the oceans in their place, just like a man puts grain in a storehouse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1065	PSA	33	8	vc67	figs-metonymy		0	Let the whole earth	This refers to the people on the earth. Alternate translation: “Let everyone on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1066	PSA	33	8	ame6	figs-idiom		0	stand in awe of him	Here “stand in awe” is an idiom that means “be in awe.” Alternate translation: “honor him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1067	PSA	33	9	c3h8	figs-idiom		0	stood in place	Here “stood in place” is an idiom that means “was created.” Alternate translation: “started to exist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1068	PSA	33	10	x22s	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Each verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1069	PSA	33	10	zp3d			0	Yahweh frustrates	Alternate translation: “Yahweh destroys” or “Yahweh breaks”
1070	PSA	33	10	r5ri	figs-metonymy		0	the alliances of nations	Here “nations” refers to the people of these nations. Alternate translation: “the alliances of the people of different nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1071	PSA	33	10	sn2l			0	alliances	An alliance is an agreement between two or more nations to support each other in a war against a common enemy.
1072	PSA	33	10	evm2			0	the plans of the peoples	Alternate translation: “the evil plans of the peoples”
1073	PSA	33	11	gp8c	figs-idiom		0	stand forever	Here “stand” is an idiom that means “endure.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1074	PSA	33	11	ww4p	figs-ellipsis		0	the plans of his heart for all generations	The missing term “stand” is implied. Alternate translation: “the plans of his heart stand for all generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1075	PSA	33	11	vhg2	figs-synecdoche		0	the plans of his heart	Here “his heart” refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “his plans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1076	PSA	33	11	lea7	figs-idiom		0	for all generations	“for all future generations.” This is an idiom that means “forever.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1077	PSA	33	12	w4nk	figs-metonymy		0	Blessed is the nation	Here “the nation” refers to the people of the nation. Alternate translation: “Blessed are the people of the nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1078	PSA	33	12	ph21			0	whose God is Yahweh	Alternate translation: “who worship Yahweh as God”
1079	PSA	33	12	k4jm	figs-metaphor		0	as his own inheritance	The people Yahweh has chosen to worship him are described here as if they were an inheritance that he has received. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1080	PSA	33	14	r7tm	figs-metaphor		0	he looks down	The place where Yahweh lives is spoken of as if it is above the earth where people live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1081	PSA	33	15	ch4n	figs-metonymy		0	shapes the hearts of them all	Here “hearts” refers to the thinking of these people. The writer speaks of Yahweh guiding the thinking of the people as if he were a potter who was shaping a bowl. Alternate translation: “guides their thinking as a potter shapes a bowl” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1082	PSA	33	16	w54n	figs-activepassive		0	No king is saved by a vast army	This could be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A large army is not what saves a king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1083	PSA	33	17	hgn8	figs-synecdoche		0	A horse is a false hope for victory	Here “a horse” represents the strongest part of the army. Alternate translation: “Having an army with strong horses does not provide security” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1084	PSA	33	18	v87c			0	See	This word shows that a new theme begins in this Psalm. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1085	PSA	33	18	fy9c	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh’s eye	Here “eye” refers to Yahweh’s attention. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1086	PSA	33	18	y8yf	figs-idiom		0	those who hope in his covenant faithfulness	The idiom to “count on” means to “wait for” or to “expect.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adverb. Alternate translation: “those who expect him to act faithfully because of his covenant” or “those who wait for him to act because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1087	PSA	33	19	z5yv	figs-synecdoche		0	to deliver their lives from death	Here “their lives” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “to keep them from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1088	PSA	33	20	j64c	figs-idiom		0	We wait for Yahweh	Here “wait” is an idiom that refers to trust. Alternate translation: “We trust in Yahweh” or “We hope in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1089	PSA	33	20	l55j	figs-metaphor		0	he is our help and our shield	Here Yahweh is spoken of as if he is a shield that protects soldiers in battle. Alternate translation: “he is our helper and protects us like a shield” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1090	PSA	33	21	ujv3	figs-synecdoche		0	Our hearts rejoice	Here “hearts” refer to the people. Alternate translation: “We rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1091	PSA	33	21	eu9i	figs-metonymy		0	in his holy name	Here “holy name” refers to Yahweh’s holy character. Alternate translation: “in his holy character” or “in him because he is holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1092	PSA	33	22	nn9g	figs-metaphor		0	Let your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, be with us	Yahweh acting faithfully towards the people is spoken of as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness were with them. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adverb. Alternate translation: “May you always act faithfully towards us because of your covenant, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1093	PSA	33	22	jye8			0	as we put our hope in you	Alternate translation: “as we hope for your help”
1094	PSA	34	intro	az5s			0		# Psalm 034 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 34 is a teaching psalm and includes thanksgiving. It teaches that living right leads to a good life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])<br><br>The psalm does not relate directly to the superscription given about Abimelech.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s help<br>Good people can have problems, but God brings them through these. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])
1095	PSA	34	1	p9iv	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1096	PSA	34	1	w9ay			0	A psalm of David	This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
1097	PSA	34	1	j36y			0	pretended to be insane	Alternate translation: “acted like a crazy person”
1098	PSA	34	1	m4gs	figs-explicit		0	before Abimelech	This refers to a specific historical event that the Hebrews knew well. Alternate translation: “when he was in Abimelech’s house” or “when he was Abimelech’s prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1099	PSA	34	1	klk3	figs-metonymy		0	his praise will always be in my mouth	Here “in my mouth” refers to David speaking about Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will always praise him out loud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1100	PSA	34	2	rk7h	figs-nominaladj		0	the oppressed	This refers to people who are oppressed. Alternate translation: “the oppressed people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1101	PSA	34	3	me7c			0	Praise Yahweh with me	The verb “praise” is a command to a group. Alternate translation: “Everyone should praise Yahweh with me”
1102	PSA	34	3	n56p	figs-idiom		0	lift up his name	Here “lift up” is an idiom that refers to exalting Yahweh. Alternate translation: “tell people how great he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1103	PSA	34	3	hjw1	figs-metonymy		0	his name	Here “his name” refers to Yahweh’s character. Alternate translation: “his character” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1104	PSA	34	4	def1	figs-metaphor		0	I sought Yahweh	Here “sought Yahweh” means David was asking Yahweh for help. Alternate translation: “I prayed to Yahweh” or “I asked Yahweh for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1105	PSA	34	5	t6s5	figs-metaphor		0	Those who look to him	Here “look to” represents seeking help from him. Alternate translation: “Those who look at him for help” or “those who expect help only from him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1106	PSA	34	5	ndy9	figs-idiom		0	are radiant	This idiom refers to their appearance as being joyful. Alternate translation: “are joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1107	PSA	34	5	caz9	figs-synecdoche		0	their faces are not ashamed	Here “their faces” refers to the people who look to Yahweh. It can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “they are not ashamed” or “they are proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1108	PSA	34	6	cib3	figs-123person		0	This oppressed man	David describes himself as an oppressed man. Alternate translation: “I was oppressed and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1109	PSA	34	6	qw3c	figs-idiom		0	Yahweh heard him	Here “heard” means that Yahweh helped him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh heard me” or “Yahweh helped him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1110	PSA	34	7	qu9z	figs-metaphor		0	camps around	The angel of Yahweh is spoken of as if he were an army that camps around someone in order to protect them. Alternate translation: “guards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1111	PSA	34	8	qed8	figs-metaphor		0	Taste and see that Yahweh is good	Yahweh’s goodness is spoken of as something that can be tasted and seen. Alternate translation: “Try and experience that Yahweh is good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1112	PSA	34	8	j8ma	figs-metaphor		0	takes refuge	Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a place where people can hide for protection from their enemies. Alternate translation: “trust him to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1113	PSA	34	9	vv95	figs-litotes		0	There is no lack for those who fear him	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Those who fear him will always have what they need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1114	PSA	34	10	ch59	figs-litotes		0	will not lack anything good	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will always have the good things they need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1115	PSA	34	11	ge81			0	sons	Here this does not refer to literal sons of the writer, but to the people he is teaching about Yahweh. Alternate translation: “my students”
1116	PSA	34	12	gmc4	figs-rquestion		0	What man is there who desires life and loves many days, that he may see good?	The implicit answer to this question is “every man.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Every man desires life and desires to live many days and have a good life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1117	PSA	34	13	h79u	figs-parallelism		0	keep your tongue from evil … keep your lips from speaking lies	These two phrases refer to the same thing and it is said in different ways to emphasize its importance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1118	PSA	34	13	jy3g	figs-synecdoche		0	Then keep your tongue from evil	Here “tongue” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “Therefore, do not speak evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1119	PSA	34	13	d237	figs-synecdoche		0	keep your lips from speaking lies	Here “lips” refers to the person speaking. Alternate translation: “do not speak lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1120	PSA	34	14	l778	figs-metaphor		0	Turn away from evil	Here “Turn away” is a metaphor for avoiding evil. Alternate translation: “Refuse to do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1121	PSA	34	14	sjg9	figs-metaphor		0	Seek peace	Here “seek” means to be concerned about peace. Alternate translation: “Try hard to live in peace with other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1122	PSA	34	15	x87w	figs-metonymy		0	The eyes of Yahweh are on the righteous	Here “the eyes of Yahweh” refer to his careful watching. “The righteous” is a reference to righteous people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh carefully watches over the righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1123	PSA	34	15	ihz6	figs-synecdoche		0	his ears are directed toward their cry	Here Yahweh is represented by his “ears.” To be directed toward something means to pay attention to it. Alternate translation: “he pays attention to their cry” or “he answers their cry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1124	PSA	34	16	b3yv	figs-metaphor		0	to cut off the memory of them from the earth	Yahweh will cause people to so completely forget them when they die that it is as if he used a knife to cut off any memory of them. Alternate translation: “so that when they are dead, people will forget them completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1125	PSA	34	17	ib9f	figs-idiom		0	Yahweh hears	Here “hears” means that Yahweh desires to respond to them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh pays attention to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1126	PSA	34	18	ers6	figs-idiom		0	Yahweh is close	Here “is close” means “ready to help.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh is always ready to help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1127	PSA	34	18	km9m	figs-metaphor		0	the brokenhearted	This is a nominal adjective that refers to people who are brokenhearted. Deep sadness is spoken of as if the person’s heart is broken. Alternate translation: “people who are very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1128	PSA	34	18	zhw6	figs-metaphor		0	those who are crushed in spirit	People who are deeply discouraged are spoken of as if their spirits are crushed. Alternate translation: “people who are deeply discouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1129	PSA	34	19	s9nw	figs-nominaladj		0	the righteous	This refers to people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “the righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1130	PSA	34	20	p78v	figs-synecdoche		0	He keeps all his bones, not one of them will be broken	Here “all his bones” is literal, but it also implies that Yahweh takes care of the entire person. Alternate translation: “He provides complete protection for him, he will not be harmed in any way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1131	PSA	34	21	zrq9	figs-personification		0	Evil will kill the wicked	Evil is described as if it were a man who can kill people. Alternate translation: “The evil deeds of wicked people will kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1132	PSA	34	21	rj4c	figs-nominaladj		0	the wicked	This refers to wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1133	PSA	34	21	v5tb	figs-activepassive		0	Those who hate the righteous will be condemned	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will condemn those who hate the righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1134	PSA	34	21	a6li	figs-nominaladj		0	the righteous	This refers to righteous people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1135	PSA	34	22	pl7j	figs-activepassive		0	None of those who take refuge in him will be condemned	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. It can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive everyone who takes refuge in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1136	PSA	34	22	wb23	figs-metaphor		0	take refuge in him	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to him for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1137	PSA	35	intro	d3ln			0		# Psalm 035 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 35 is a prayer for deliverance. His enemies are coming against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Enemies<br>When his enemies were sick, he tried to comfort them, but when he was in trouble his enemies use this as a time to attack him.
1138	PSA	35	1	u6dy	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1139	PSA	35	2	uj8w	figs-metaphor		0	Grab your small shield and large shield	The writer describes God as a warrior who is preparing himself for battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1140	PSA	35	2	f9eb			0	small shield and large shield	these are defensive weapons
1141	PSA	35	3	e4ia	figs-metaphor		0	Use your spear and battle ax	The writer describes God as a warrior who is preparing himself for battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1142	PSA	35	3	qr78			0	spear and battle ax	these are offensive weapons
1143	PSA	35	3	z8vr	figs-metaphor		0	those who chase me	This could mean: (1) these enemies are literally chasing the writer or (2) this is a metaphor for people who are enemies of the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1144	PSA	35	3	k4rj	figs-synecdoche		0	say to my soul	This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “say to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1145	PSA	35	3	wz6p	figs-abstractnouns		0	I am your salvation	This can be stated without the abstract noun. Alternate translation: “I am your savior” or “I will save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1146	PSA	35	4	w6yz	figs-activepassive		0	May those who seek my life be shamed and dishonored	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh shame and dishonor those who seek my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1147	PSA	35	4	pv5x			0	May those	Alternate translation: “I desire that”
1148	PSA	35	4	s62m	figs-metaphor		0	who seek my life	Here “seek my life” means they desire to kill the writer. The writer is represented by his “life.” Alternate translation: “who are trying to kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1149	PSA	35	4	fq9w	figs-activepassive		0	May those who plan to harm me be turned back and confounded	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh turn back and confound those who plan to harm me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1150	PSA	35	4	g34u	figs-metaphor		0	be turned back	“be turned back” here is a metaphor for being unable to accomplish their goal. Alternate translation: “be unsuccessful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1151	PSA	35	4	mks4			0	confounded	Alternate translation: “confused”
1152	PSA	35	5	wp56	figs-simile		0	as chaff before the wind	The writer’s enemies are spoken of as if they are chaff that is easily blown away. Alternate translation: “blown away by the wind like chaff” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1153	PSA	35	6	ayu2	figs-metonymy		0	their way	Here “their way” refers to their lives. Alternate translation: “their lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1154	PSA	35	6	w5gp	figs-metaphor		0	dark and slippery	This refers to a way that is hidden and dangerous. Alternate translation: “hidden and full of dangers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1155	PSA	35	6	ehs5	figs-metaphor		0	chases them	This refers to the angel of Yahweh being opposed to the writer’s enemies. Alternate translation: “works against them” or “opposes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1156	PSA	35	7	h8ne	figs-metaphor		0	they set their net for me	The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a net that they set to catch the writer. Alternate translation: “they want to catch me in a net like a small animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1157	PSA	35	7	j68b	figs-metaphor		0	they dug a pit for my life	The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a pit that they dug to catch the writer. Alternate translation: “they wanted to capture me in a pit like a big animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1158	PSA	35	7	kw8m	figs-synecdoche		0	my life	This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1159	PSA	35	8	iq5p	figs-personification		0	Let destruction overtake them by surprise	Destruction is spoken of as if it was a dangerous animal that would suddenly attack them. Alternate translation: “Let them be destroyed suddenly” or “Let them be surprised because you destroy them suddenly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1160	PSA	35	8	d6rv	figs-metaphor		0	the net that they have set	The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a net that they place to catch the writer. Alternate translation: “the net that they placed in order to capture me like an animal and harm me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1161	PSA	35	8	e9d9	figs-metaphor		0	Let them fall into it	This is the same metaphor as in verse 7. The net is intended to catch the writer. Alternate translation: “Let them fall into the pit that they dug for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1162	PSA	35	8	n85r			0	fall into it	This could mean: (1) fall into the pit of verse 7 or (2) fall into destruction.
1163	PSA	35	8	q1k1	figs-abstractnouns		0	to their destruction	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “so that they will be destroyed” or “that is how you should destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1164	PSA	35	9	gv3z	figs-abstractnouns		0	in his salvation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “because you save me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1165	PSA	35	10	dy1n	figs-metonymy		0	All my bones	Here “bones” refers to the deepest inner being of a person. Alternate translation: “My whole inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1166	PSA	35	10	fcx1	figs-rquestion		0	Yahweh, who is like you … those who try to rob them?	The implicit answer to this question is that no one is like Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, there is no one like you … those who try to rob them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1167	PSA	35	10	kuz3	figs-doublet		0	the poor and needy	The words “poor” and “needy” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh saves many who need his help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1168	PSA	35	11	j8nd	figs-idiom		0	rise up	This means they testify in a trial. Alternate translation: “volunteer to give a testimony” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1169	PSA	35	12	ns9v	figs-metaphor		0	They repay me evil for good	This is a metaphor which means they give back evil in exchange for the good they have received. Alternate translation: “In return for my doing good things for them, they do evil things to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1170	PSA	35	12	j7e3	figs-abstractnouns		0	evil … good	These abstract nouns can be stated in other forms. Alternate translation: “evil things … good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1171	PSA	35	12	v5ej			0	I am sorrowful	Alternate translation: “I am extremely sad”
1172	PSA	35	13	jiu2			0	when they were sick	The word “they” refers to the “unrighteous witnesses” ([Psalms 35:11](../035/011.md)).
1173	PSA	35	13	t4yd			0	I wore sackcloth	Alternate translation: “I showed that I was sad”
1174	PSA	35	13	gt7d	translate-symaction		0	with my head bowed on my chest	This was a symbol of prayer. “with my head bent down in prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1175	PSA	35	14	zuy5	figs-simile		0	in grief as for my brother	The writer was as sad as if his own brother had died. Alternate translation: “grieving as if my own brother was ill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1176	PSA	35	14	kn9w	figs-simile		0	I bent down in mourning as for my mother	The writer mourned as if his own mother had died. Alternate translation: “I mourned as if my own mother had died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1177	PSA	35	14	zqf9	translate-symaction		0	I bent down	This was a symbol of pain and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1178	PSA	35	15	ff5f			0	gathered together	Alternate translation: “assembled together” or “came together”
1179	PSA	35	15	w4hv	figs-idiom		0	against me	This means they came together for the purpose of attacking the writer. Alternate translation: “to make plans against me” or “to plan my destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1180	PSA	35	15	qu3u	figs-metaphor		0	They tore at me	Here the treated the writer as if he were a piece of cloth that they could tear to pieces. Alternate translation: “They attacked me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1181	PSA	35	16	l7dx			0	With no respect at all they mocked me	(1) “With the worthless people they ridiculed me” or (2) “Without respect they made fun of me”
1182	PSA	35	16	j13z	translate-symaction		0	they grind their teeth at me in rage	This is a sign of anger and hate. “they made grinding noises with their teeth at me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1183	PSA	35	17	x3er	figs-rquestion		0	how long will you look on?	This rhetorical question indicates that the writer wants God to stop simply looking on and to start to help him. Alternate translation: “how long will you only watch them doing this?” or “when will you help me?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1184	PSA	35	17	te6n	figs-synecdoche		0	Rescue my soul	Here “soul” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “Rescue me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1185	PSA	35	17	ygg1	figs-ellipsis		0	my life from the lions	The word “save” is implied. Alternate translation: “save my life from the lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1186	PSA	35	17	kep3	figs-synecdoche		0	my life	This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1187	PSA	35	17	d2a8	figs-metaphor		0	from the lions	Here the writer speaks of his enemies as if they were vicious lions. Alternate translation: “from my enemies who attack me like wild animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1188	PSA	35	19	p53g			0	Do not let my deceitful enemies	Alternate translation: “Do not let my enemies, who tell lies about me,”
1189	PSA	35	19	a7lv			0	their wicked schemes	Alternate translation: “their evil plans”
1190	PSA	35	20	pjw3	figs-abstractnouns		0	they do not speak peace	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **peace**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “peacefully.” Alternate translation: “they do not speak peacefully to people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1191	PSA	35	20	sg2n			0	devise deceitful words	Alternate translation: “look for ways to tell lies”
1192	PSA	35	20	e21a			0	those in our land who live in peace	Alternate translation: “those who live peacefully in our land”
1193	PSA	35	20	p638	figs-abstractnouns		0	live in peace	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **peace**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “live peacefully with others” or “do no harm to anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1194	PSA	35	21	vvg2	figs-explicit		0	They open their mouths wide against me	The reason they open their mouths is to accuse the writer. Alternate translation: “They shout at me in order to accuse me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1195	PSA	35	21	b5wt	figs-exclamations		0	Aha, Aha	This is something an excited person says when he has suddenly seen or understood something, especially something other people did not expect him to see. It emphasizes the statement that follows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
1196	PSA	35	21	s32p	figs-synecdoche		0	our eyes have seen it	Here “our eyes” refers to the enemies’ eyes. It is implied that they are saying they saw the writer do something wrong. Alternate translation: “we have seen it” or “we saw the wrong things that you did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1197	PSA	35	22	gn7x	figs-explicit		0	You have seen it	Here “it” refers to the false accusations of the writer’s enemies. Alternate translation: “You have seen how they falsely accused me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1198	PSA	35	22	tt5p	figs-litotes		0	do not be silent	“do not ignore what they did” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “judge them because of what they did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1199	PSA	35	22	a6yk	figs-litotes		0	do not be far from me	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “be very close to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1200	PSA	35	23	hkj2	figs-metaphor		0	Arouse yourself and awake	This does not mean that God is actually asleep. The writer wants God to intervene. Both words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the urgency of this request. Alternate translation: “I feel like you are sleeping! Wake up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1201	PSA	35	23	g2zc	figs-abstractnouns		0	to my defense	This abstract noun “defense” can be stated as “defend.” Alternate translation: “to defend me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1202	PSA	35	23	qri7	figs-metonymy		0	my cause	This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1203	PSA	35	24	h9ku			0	do not let them rejoice over me	Alternate translation: “do not let them be glad because I am suffering”
1204	PSA	35	25	g22z	figs-idiom		0	say in their heart	This is an idiom that means to say to oneself. Alternate translation: “say to themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1205	PSA	35	25	lj61	figs-exclamations		0	Aha	This is an exclamation that is used when something is suddenly seen or understood. It emphasizes what follows. Alternate translation: “Yes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
1206	PSA	35	25	vuc2	figs-explicit		0	we have what we wanted	It is implied that the writer’s enemies wanted him to be declared guilty. Alternate translation: “he has been declared guilty just as we desired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1207	PSA	35	25	p58l	figs-metaphor		0	We have devoured him	The writer’s enemies speak of his destruction as if they were wild animals who had eaten him. Alternate translation: “We have swallowed him up” or “We have destroyed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1208	PSA	35	26	fck7			0	May they be put to shame and may they be confounded who rejoice at my distress	Alternate translation: “May those who rejoice at my distress be put to shame and confounded”
1209	PSA	35	26	p6id			0	May they be put to shame	Alternate translation: “May they feel shame”
1210	PSA	35	26	m9cp			0	may they be confounded	Alternate translation: “may they be confused” or “may they be humiliated”
1211	PSA	35	26	q1m6	figs-activepassive		0	May those who exalt themselves over me be clothed with shame and dishonor	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “May you clothe with shame and dishonor those who exalt themselves over me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1212	PSA	35	26	y2xu			0	exalt themselves over me	Alternate translation: “consider themselves better than I am” or “think they have the right to treat me badly”
1213	PSA	35	26	j7j7	figs-abstractnouns		0	clothed with shame and dishonor	Here shame and dishonor are spoken of as if they were shameful clothes that the writer could wear. These abstract nouns can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “shamed and dishonored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1214	PSA	35	26	he8a	figs-doublet		0	shame and dishonor	These terms mean about the same thing and are used to emphasize how degraded they will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1215	PSA	35	27	ywv7			0	my vindication	Here “vindication” refers to Yahweh proclaiming or judging the psalmist innocent.
1216	PSA	35	27	f434			0	may they say continually	Alternate translation: “may they always say”
1217	PSA	35	27	zr5u	figs-activepassive		0	Yahweh be praised	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Let us praise Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1218	PSA	35	27	l9kp			0	who delights in	Alternate translation: “who is happy with” or “who is glad for”
1219	PSA	35	27	ra7f			0	welfare	well-being, happiness
1220	PSA	35	28	b4q3	figs-abstractnouns		0	tell of your justice	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “right.” Alternate translation: “proclaim that you act in the right way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1221	PSA	36	intro	a634			0		# Psalm 036 General Notes<br><br>## Formatting in this chapter<br><br>Psalm 36 is a psalm of praise. It speaks of how good God is to those who love him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God and man<br>Evil people do not think about God; but he is such a pleasure to all who honor him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
1222	PSA	36	1	d19d	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1223	PSA	36	1	hw62			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1224	PSA	36	1	eg5r	figs-genericnoun		0	An evil man	This does not refer to a specific man, but to evil people in general. Alternate translation: “Evil people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1225	PSA	36	1	pzl6	figs-metonymy		0	from deep in his heart	Here “heart” refers to the inner being of a person. Alternate translation: “from his inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1226	PSA	36	1	zm16	figs-synecdoche		0	in his eyes	Here “eyes” refers to the wicked person. Alternate translation: “in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1227	PSA	36	2	fd1w			0	he comforts himself, thinking	Alternate translation: “he prefers to believe” or “he wants to think”
1228	PSA	36	2	z7qc	figs-activepassive		0	his sin will not be discovered and be hated	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will not discover and hate his sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1229	PSA	36	3	v6yt			0	His words are	Alternate translation: “What he says is”
1230	PSA	36	3	pir7			0	do good	Alternate translation: “do things that are good”
1231	PSA	36	4	d3zz	figs-metaphor		0	he sets out on an evil way	The sinful actions of the man are spoken of as if he was walking along a path that was evil. Alternate translation: “he begins to do evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1232	PSA	36	4	w34n	figs-abstractnouns		0	he does not reject evil	Here “evil” can be stated in another form. Alternate translation: “he does not reject evil behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1233	PSA	36	5	wiw8	figs-metaphor		0	Your covenant faithfulness … reaches to the heavens	The greatness of God’s covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if it were an object that reached as high as the heavens. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Your covenant faithfulness … is very great” or “You … are as faithful to your covenant as the heavens are high above the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1234	PSA	36	5	m314	figs-metaphor		0	reaches to the clouds	The greatness of God’s loyalty is spoken of as if it was very high. Alternate translation: “is as high as the clouds” or “is enormously great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1235	PSA	36	6	s49q	figs-simile		0	like the mountains of God … like the great deep	These phrases describe the greatness of God’s righteousness and judgments as if they were very high and deep. Alternate translation: “as high as the highest mountains … as deep as the deepest sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1236	PSA	36	6	e8gt			0	you preserve	Alternate translation: “you help” or “you save”
1237	PSA	36	7	vs32	figs-abstractnouns		0	How precious is your covenant faithfulness	The word “precious” refers to how greatly the writer values Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I greatly value how you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1238	PSA	36	8	vy98	figs-metaphor		0	They feast upon the abundance of your house	Eating much food as guests in a house is a metaphor for God providing all his people need. Alternate translation: “They will have all they need because you will provide it to them” or “You have plenty to give, and you will provide them with all they need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1239	PSA	36	8	mw7h	figs-metaphor		0	you let them drink from the river of your delights	There are two metaphors here. God’s abundant blessings are spoken of as if they are the water in a flowing river. Also, those who receive those blessings are spoken of as if they are drinking them like water. Alternate translation: “your precious blessings are like a river from which you will let them drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1240	PSA	36	9	wc6m			0	fountain of life	Alternate translation: “source of life”
1241	PSA	36	9	f7u5	figs-metaphor		0	in your light we will see light	Here “light” is a metaphor for true knowledge. Alternate translation: “when you enlighten us, we will know the truth” or “your light is what enables us to know the truth about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1242	PSA	36	10	d1ua	figs-metaphor		0	Extend your covenant faithfulness fully to those who know you	The writer speaks of Yahweh continuing to act faithfully towards the people as if Yahweh were to extend his covenant faithfulness or make it longer. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adverb. Alternate translation: “Continue to act faithfully to those who know you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1243	PSA	36	10	jtd4	figs-abstractnouns		0	your defense to the upright of heart	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **defense**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. “Continue” is implied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “Continue to protect the upright of heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1244	PSA	36	10	qms7	figs-synecdoche		0	the upright of heart	Here “heart” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “the upright” or “people who act righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1245	PSA	36	11	z9yf	figs-synecdoche		0	the foot of the arrogant man … the hand of the wicked	Here “foot” and “hand” refer to the evil people. These are not specific men. This refers to evil people in general. Alternate translation: “arrogant people … wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1246	PSA	36	11	a5wg			0	drive me away	Alternate translation: “send me away” or “make me leave my place”
1247	PSA	36	12	mm9r	figs-metaphor		0	evildoers have fallen; they are knocked down and are not able to get up	All three phrases describe the evildoers as defeated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1248	PSA	36	12	q7yf	figs-activepassive		0	they are knocked down	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have knocked them down” or “you have destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1249	PSA	36	12	bmn7			0	are not able to get up	Alternate translation: “cannot get up”
1250	PSA	37	intro	tv7e			0		# Psalm 037 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 37 is a teaching psalm. It provides guidance about how to live a moral and God-fearing life. It teaches that evil people do not prosper in the future. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Envy<br>Do not envy evil people. Although it appears as though they prosper, soon they will be destroyed and the good people will continue on living. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])
1251	PSA	37	1	bd2s	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1252	PSA	37	1	a1ye			0	Do not be irritated because of evildoers	Alternate translation: “Do not let wicked people upset you” or “Do not be bothered by what wicked people do”
1253	PSA	37	2	y2vk	figs-simile		0	dry up as the grass … wither as the green plants	Evildoers are spoken of as if they are grass and plants that dry up and die in the hot weather. These two similes both mean they will die. Alternate translation: “die” or “come to an end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1254	PSA	37	3	eb2r	figs-metaphor		0	graze in faithfulness	Faithfulness is spoken of as if it was an animal that would be strengthened by feeding in good pasture. Alternate translation: “nourish faithfulness” or “increase your faithfulness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1255	PSA	37	4	pbq2	figs-metonymy		0	the desires of your heart	Here “heart” represents the person’s inner being and thoughts. Alternate translation: “your deepest, inner desires” or “the things that you desire the most” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1256	PSA	37	5	wt82	figs-idiom		0	Give your ways to Yahweh	Here “give your ways” is an idiom that means to ask Yahweh to control your life. Alternate translation: “Ask Yahweh to guide your actions in life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1257	PSA	37	5	i61n	figs-idiom		0	act on your behalf	This is to represent another in legal issues. Here, when one trusts in Yahweh, he will defend that person and grant justice to that person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1258	PSA	37	6	lt22	figs-parallelism		0	like the daylight … like the day at noon	Both of these phrases mean about the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1259	PSA	37	6	n8jl	figs-simile		0	like the daylight	This means “in full view of everyone.” Alternate translation: “as clear to see as the light of day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1260	PSA	37	6	jt1t	figs-simile		0	like the day at noon	This means “as visible as the noon sun.” Alternate translation: “as visible as the light at the brightest time of day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1261	PSA	37	7	vgp6			0	Be still	Alternate translation: “Be quiet”
1262	PSA	37	9	qq5y	figs-metaphor		0	will be cut off	The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1263	PSA	37	9	ijv6			0	but those who wait for Yahweh	Alternate translation: “but those who trust in Yahweh”
1264	PSA	37	9	rvq6	figs-metaphor		0	will inherit the land	The possession of the land is spoken of as if it will be received as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “will receive the land as their own possession” or “will live safely in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1265	PSA	37	10	zbl4	figs-idiom		0	will disappear	This idiom refers to the death of the evil man. Alternate translation: “will die and you will no longer see him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1266	PSA	37	11	ma58	figs-nominaladj		0	the meek	This refers to the people who are meek. Alternate translation: “the meek people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1267	PSA	37	11	bs1x	figs-metaphor		0	will inherit the land	The possession of the land is spoken of as if it will be received as an inheritance. See how you translated this in [Psalms 37:9](../037/009.md). Alternate translation: “will receive the land as their own possession” or “will live safely in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1268	PSA	37	12	vej2	figs-genericnoun		0	The wicked man	This does not refer to a specific man. It refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “The wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1269	PSA	37	12	k2zu	figs-nominaladj		0	the righteous	This does not refer to specific people. This refers to people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “the righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1270	PSA	37	12	y9px	writing-symlanguage		0	grinds his teeth	The wicked man hates the righteous person so much that he grinds his teeth together to show his anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1271	PSA	37	13	g21a	figs-explicit		0	his day is coming	It is implied that “his day” will be a day of judgment. Alternate translation: “the day is coming when Yahweh will judge and punish him” or “the day is coming when Yahweh will judge and punish the wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1272	PSA	37	14	wde8	figs-nominaladj		0	The wicked	This refers to the wicked people. Alternate translation: “The wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1273	PSA	37	14	yet9	figs-synecdoche		0	have drawn out their swords … have bent their bows	Both “swords” and “bows” are weapons used to attack people. The fact that they are “drawn” and “bent” means they are ready to start attacking. Alternate translation: “have prepared their weapons in order to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1274	PSA	37	14	f2i7	figs-metaphor		0	to cast down	This destruction of the needy people is spoken of as if they were clay pots that would break into pieces when thrown down on the ground. Alternate translation: “to destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1275	PSA	37	14	r9uh	figs-doublet		0	the oppressed and needy	These terms both refer to people who are powerless to defend themselves. Alternate translation: “people who are not able to resist them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1276	PSA	37	15	p5xq	figs-synecdoche		0	Their swords will pierce their own hearts	Swords are examples of weapons and “hearts” represent the people. To “pierce the heart” is an idiom that means “to kill.” Alternate translation: “Their weapons will be turned against them and they will kill themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1277	PSA	37	16	d3e8			0	Better is the little that the righteous has than the abundance of many wicked people	Alternate translation: “It is better to be poor and righteous than to be wicked with great wealth”
1278	PSA	37	16	brs7	figs-nominaladj		0	Better is the little that the righteous has	The nominal adjective “the little” refers to few possessions. The nominal adjective “the righteous” refers to a righteous person. Alternate translation: “Better are the few possessions that a righteous person has” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1279	PSA	37	16	w4rb	figs-nominaladj		0	the abundance	This refers to the wealth of the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1280	PSA	37	17	psr9	figs-metonymy		0	For the arms of the wicked people will be broken	Here “arms” represent the strength of the wicked people. Breaking their arms represents taking away their power. This could be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh will remove the strength of the wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1281	PSA	37	18	f64m	figs-idiom		0	watches over the blameless	To “watch over” means to protect someone. Here “the blameless” refers to the blameless people. Alternate translation: “protects the blameless people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1282	PSA	37	18	ck1b	figs-idiom		0	day by day	This is an idiom that means “continually.” Alternate translation: “every day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1283	PSA	37	19	itw1	figs-idiom		0	when times are bad	This phrase refers to disasters, such as famine. Alternate translation: “when calamities occur” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1284	PSA	37	20	y7p7	figs-simile		0	Yahweh’s enemies will be like the glory of the pastures	The writer compares Yahweh’s enemies to the flowers blooming in the fields. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1285	PSA	37	20	c5yy	figs-metaphor		0	be consumed and disappear in the smoke	The writer speaks of the destruction of the wicked as if they were weeds or wilted flowers in the field that are burned off after the harvest. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will destroy them as fire turns the weeds of the field into smoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1286	PSA	37	21	bz3p	figs-doublet		0	is generous and gives	These mean the same thing and emphasize the generosity of the righteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1287	PSA	37	22	u3r4	figs-parallelism		0	Those who are blessed by God will inherit the land; those who are cursed by him will be cut off	This is a contrastive form of Parallelism. Those who are blessed by God in contrast to those who are cursed by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1288	PSA	37	22	bf1j	figs-activepassive		0	Those who are blessed by God	This can be stated as active. Alternate translation: “Those whom God blesses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1289	PSA	37	22	tev2	figs-metaphor		0	will inherit the land	The possession of the land is spoken of as if it had been received as an inheritance. See how you translated this in [Psalms 37:9](../037/009.md). Alternate translation: “will receive the land as their own possession” or “will be allowed to live safely in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1290	PSA	37	22	u6uk	figs-activepassive		0	those who are cursed by him	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those whom Yahweh curses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1291	PSA	37	22	n6u3	figs-metaphor		0	will be cut off	The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated this in [Psalms 37:9](../037/009.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1292	PSA	37	23	cq19	figs-activepassive		0	It is by Yahweh that a man’s steps are established … commendable in God’s sight	These can be stated to show the logical connection and clarify the passive clause. Alternate translation: “If a man lives in a commendable way in Yahweh’s sight, Yahweh will establish his steps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1293	PSA	37	23	fba1	figs-activepassive		0	It is by Yahweh that a man’s steps are established	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who enables a man to be successful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1294	PSA	37	23	c8pu	figs-genericnoun		0	a man … the man	This does not refer to a specific man, but to people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1295	PSA	37	23	na5m	figs-metonymy		0	a man’s steps	Steps represent the way a person lives. Alternate translation: “the way a man lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1296	PSA	37	24	c1m3	figs-metaphor		0	Though he stumbles, he will not fall down	Here “stumble” and “fall” refer to the man’s reaction to difficult times. Alternate translation: “Though he has difficult times, he will not utterly fail” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1297	PSA	37	24	k1r7	figs-metonymy		0	holding him with his hand	Here “his hand” refers to Yahweh’s power, and “holding him” refers to protecting him. Alternate translation: “protecting him with his power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1298	PSA	37	25	g5w1	figs-activepassive		0	the righteous person abandoned	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh forsake the righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1299	PSA	37	25	nq7e	figs-genericnoun		0	the righteous person	This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1300	PSA	37	25	rv2w	figs-synecdoche		0	begging for bread	Here “bread” represents food in general. Alternate translation: begging for food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1301	PSA	37	26	jp6j	figs-idiom		0	All the day long he is	This idiom means this action is a habit of his life. Alternate translation: “He is always (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1302	PSA	37	26	iry2			0	his children become a blessing	Alternate translation: “his children grow up to bless others”
1303	PSA	37	27	v1dr	figs-metaphor		0	Turn away from	To stop doing something is spoken of as if the person turned away from it. Alternate translation: “Stop doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1304	PSA	37	28	ybg7	figs-activepassive		0	They are preserved forever	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect them forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1305	PSA	37	28	ga2f	figs-metaphor		0	will be cut off	The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated this in [Psalms 37:9](../037/009.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1306	PSA	37	29	t6ic	figs-metaphor		0	will inherit the land	The possession of the land is spoken of as if it had been received as an inheritance. See how you translated this in [Psalms 37:9](../037/009.md). Alternate translation: “will receive the land as their own possession” or “will be allowed to live safely in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1307	PSA	37	30	u8ut	figs-nominaladj		0	the righteous	This refers to the people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “the righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1308	PSA	37	30	w34s	figs-synecdoche		0	The mouth of the righteous person	Here “mouth” represents the whole person who speaks. Alternate translation: “The righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1309	PSA	37	30	hy67	figs-abstractnouns		0	speaks wisdom	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “gives wise advice to others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1310	PSA	37	30	xy8u	figs-abstractnouns		0	increases justice	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “encourages other people to live rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1311	PSA	37	31	bga8	figs-metonymy		0	The law of his God is in his heart	Here “in his heart” refers to his deepest inner being. Alternate translation: “He treasures the commands of his God in his inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1312	PSA	37	31	nf23	figs-metaphor		0	his feet will not slip	Here failure to obey Yahweh is spoken of as slipping off a safe path and falling. Alternate translation: “he will walk safely in the way God wants him to walk” or “he will safely do the things God wants him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1313	PSA	37	32	jz23	figs-genericnoun		0	The wicked person … the righteous person	These words refer to any wicked or righteous person or to wicked and righteous people in general, not to specific people. Alternate translation: “Wicked people … righteous people” or “Any wicked person” or “any righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1314	PSA	37	32	w8bk	figs-explicit		0	watches the righteous person	Here the watching implies observing the righteous in order to do them harm. Alternate translation: “waits in ambush for the righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1315	PSA	37	33	ea9s	figs-genericnoun		0	the evil person’s hand	These words refer to the hand of any evil person, not of any specific person. Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “evil people’s hands” or “the power of the evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1316	PSA	37	33	z9fb	figs-activepassive		0	when he is judged	This refers to Yahweh judging the righteous man. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh judges him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1317	PSA	37	34	eu5a	figs-metaphor		0	he will raise you up to possess the land	Here “raise you up” refers to God giving honor to those who wait for him. Alternate translation: “he will honor you by giving you the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1318	PSA	37	34	lj8c	figs-nominaladj		0	the wicked	This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “the wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1319	PSA	37	34	k2fq	figs-metaphor		0	are cut off	The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 37:9](../037/009.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1320	PSA	37	35	ec1h	figs-genericnoun		0	the wicked and terrifying person	This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1321	PSA	37	35	d6gn	figs-simile		0	spread out like a green tree in its native soil	Here the prosperity of the wicked man is spoken of as if he were a healthy tree growing in good soil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1322	PSA	37	36	lz97	figs-activepassive		0	he could not be found	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I could not find him” or “Yahweh had taken him away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1323	PSA	37	37	pn9i	figs-genericnoun		0	the man of integrity	This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1324	PSA	37	37	cy8i			0	mark the upright	Alternate translation: “note carefully the good people” or “notice the good people”
1325	PSA	37	38	dqj8	figs-activepassive		0	the future for the wicked man is cut off	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will end his family line” or “he will not have any descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1326	PSA	37	38	pn38	figs-metonymy		0	the future	This refers to his descendants. Alternate translation: “his descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1327	PSA	37	38	al71	figs-genericnoun		0	the wicked man	This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1328	PSA	37	38	a22i	figs-metaphor		0	is cut off	The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 37:9](../037/009.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1329	PSA	37	39	m69g	figs-abstractnouns		0	Salvation of the righteous comes from Yahweh	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **Salvation**, you could express the same idea with an action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh rescues the righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1330	PSA	37	39	rjp3	figs-nominaladj		0	the righteous	This refers to the righteous people. Alternate translation: “the righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1331	PSA	37	40	jus5	figs-parallelism		0	helps … rescues … saves	This same idea is repeated in several different ways to emphasize that Yahweh is dependable and able to give aid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1332	PSA	37	40	qwg7	figs-metaphor		0	they have taken refuge in him	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “they have gone to him for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1333	PSA	38	intro	ysy3			0		# Psalm 038 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 38 is a confession of sin and a prayer for deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Author’s sickness<br>The author was very sick and his enemies were seeking ways to destroy him.
1334	PSA	38	1	nsf9	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1335	PSA	38	1	n1x9			0	A psalm of David	This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
1336	PSA	38	1	nd38	figs-parallelism		0	do not rebuke me in your anger … do not punish me in your wrath	These phrases mean basically the same thing and the idea is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1337	PSA	38	2	z5x4	figs-metaphor		0	your arrows pierce me	The severity of Yahweh’s punishment of the writer is spoken of as if Yahweh had shot arrows into the writer. Alternate translation: “Your punishment is as painful as if you had shot arrows into me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1338	PSA	38	2	w3fq	figs-metaphor		0	your hand presses me down	Yahweh’s punishment of the writer is spoken of as if Yahweh was smashing the writer with his hand. Here, “hand” refers to Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “your power knocks me down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1339	PSA	38	3	m6l5	figs-synecdoche		0	there is no health in my bones because of my sin	Here “my bones” represents the body of the writer. Alternate translation: “my whole body is diseased because of my sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1340	PSA	38	4	m7wm	figs-metaphor		0	my iniquities overwhelm me	The writer’s iniquities are spoken of as if they are a flood of water that covers him. Alternate translation: “my iniquities cover me like a flood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1341	PSA	38	4	p4hm	figs-metaphor		0	they are a burden too heavy for me	The writer’s iniquities are spoken of as if they are a heavy load that he cannot lift. Alternate translation: “they are like a load that is too heavy for me to lift” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1342	PSA	38	5	yf37	figs-explicit		0	My wounds are infected and smell	Here “smell” refer to his sores having a bad smell that is associated with rotting flesh. Alternate translation: “My wounds are infected and stink as they rot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1343	PSA	38	6	z27f	figs-metaphor		0	I am stooped over	The pain of the writer’s wounds have caused him to be bent over as if he were an old, feeble man. Alternate translation: “I am bent over in pain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1344	PSA	38	7	b2u7	figs-metaphor		0	I am filled with burning	The writer’s is so sick with fever that it is as if he is burning inside. Alternate translation: “My body is burning with fever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1345	PSA	38	7	a9kv	figs-synecdoche		0	there is no health in my flesh	Here “my flesh” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “I am completely sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1346	PSA	38	8	zm7m	figs-metaphor		0	utterly crushed	The writer’s illness is so severe that it is as if a huge weight is pressing down on him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1347	PSA	38	8	z68c	figs-synecdoche		0	anguish of my heart	Here “my heart” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “my anguish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1348	PSA	38	9	f3ph	figs-synecdoche		0	my heart’s deepest yearnings	Here “my heart” refers to the writer. It may be helpful to state that the writer desires good health. Alternate translation: “My strongest desires” or “that I desire you to heal me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1349	PSA	38	9	dqp9	figs-activepassive		0	my groanings are not hidden from you	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you are able to see all my moans of sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1350	PSA	38	10	ifg6	figs-idiom		0	My heart pounds	This idiom means his heart beats intensely. Alternate translation: “My heart beats loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1351	PSA	38	10	xnw5			0	my strength fades	Alternate translation: “I become very weak”
1352	PSA	38	10	e7ld			0	my eyesight dims	Alternate translation: “I can no longer see well”
1353	PSA	38	12	bt4z	figs-metaphor		0	lay snares for me	The plots of the writer’s enemies are spoken of as if they were traps that they had set to catch him like an animal. Alternate translation: “set traps to catch me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1354	PSA	38	12	xc5c	figs-parallelism		0	speak destructive words and say deceitful words	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the hurtful nature of what these people say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1355	PSA	38	13	z4gn	figs-simile		0	I am like a deaf man … hear nothing	The writer does not listen to what his enemies are saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1356	PSA	38	13	hm4h	figs-simile		0	I am like a mute man … says nothing	The writer does not speak evil words to or about his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1357	PSA	38	13	s5pm			0	a mute man	a person who cannot speak
1358	PSA	38	14	th66			0	does not hear	The writer does not listen to what his enemies are saying. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile)
1359	PSA	38	14	ir1x			0	has no reply	The writer does not speak evil words to or about his enemies. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile)
1360	PSA	38	15	px8y			0	you will answer	This could mean: (1) “you will answer me” or (2) “you will answer my enemies.”
1361	PSA	38	16	gan3			0	will not gloat over me	Alternate translation: “will not delight over my trouble”
1362	PSA	38	16	bq5f	figs-synecdoche		0	If my foot slips	Here “my foot” represents the writer. The slipping of his foot is a metaphor that refers to the writer’s troubles and misfortunes. Alternate translation: “If I make mistakes that cause me trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1363	PSA	38	17	s48p	figs-metaphor		0	I am about to stumble	This metaphor could mean: (1) “I am so sick that I am about to die” or (2) “I will soon be ruined.” It may be best not to interpret the metaphor in the text. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1364	PSA	38	17	sbz5			0	I am in constant pain	Alternate translation: “I am always in pain”
1365	PSA	38	19	ie1w	figs-parallelism		0	But my enemies are numerous … are many	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1366	PSA	38	20	ca7b	figs-metaphor		0	They repay me evil for good	The actions of the writer’s enemies are spoken of as a financial transaction where they gave him evil things in exchange for good things. The abstract nouns “evil” and “good” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “They do evil thing to me after I was good to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1367	PSA	38	20	ai9q	figs-metaphor		0	hurl accusations at me	The way the writer’s enemies accuse him is spoken of as if they were throwing accusations at him like rocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1368	PSA	38	20	bbb4	figs-metaphor		0	pursued what is good	The writers desire for what is good is spoken of as if he were running after good things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1369	PSA	38	21	czy3	figs-parallelism		0	Do not abandon me … do not stay far away from me	These two phrases have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1370	PSA	38	21	nrs8	figs-metaphor		0	do not stay far away from me	Because Yahweh has not yet answered the writer’s request, he speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were standing far away from the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1371	PSA	38	22	zv2x	figs-metaphor		0	Come quickly to help me	God is spoken of as if he is running to the writer to help him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1372	PSA	38	22	a3xa	figs-abstractnouns		0	my salvation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you are the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1373	PSA	39	intro	z1zc			0		# Psalm 039 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 39 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Life<br>Life on earth is short. The psalmist wanted God’s healing so he can enjoy the rest of his life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])<br><br>This psalm shares some characteristics of another wisdom book called Ecclesiastes or Koheleth but is more positive.
1374	PSA	39	1	lx3e	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1375	PSA	39	1	rc8d			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship,”
1376	PSA	39	1	br39	translate-names		0	Jeduthun	One of David’s chief musicians had this same name. This may refer to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1377	PSA	39	1	dv6b	figs-idiom		0	I will watch what I say	Here “watch” is an idiom that mean “pay attention to.” Alternate translation: “I will pay attention to the things that I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1378	PSA	39	1	s4wx	figs-metonymy		0	so that I do not sin with my tongue	Here “tongue” refers to the writer’s speech. Alternate translation: “so that I do not speak an offense against Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1379	PSA	39	1	e8kh	figs-metaphor		0	muzzle	To “muzzle” means to keep a mouth shut. Here David means that he will not speak while he is with an evil person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1380	PSA	39	2	fa7x	figs-doublet		0	I kept silent; I kept back my words	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the writer did not speak at all. Alternate translation: “I was completely silent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1381	PSA	39	2	k9fs			0	I kept back my words	Alternate translation: “I did not speak”
1382	PSA	39	3	u5ie	figs-synecdoche		0	My heart became hot … it burned like a fire	Here “heart” represents the whole person. The anxious thoughts of the writer are spoken of as if they were a fire burning inside him. Alternate translation: “I became very anxious when I thought about these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1383	PSA	39	4	vey1	figs-parallelism		0	the end of my life … the extent of my days	These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1384	PSA	39	4	bac9			0	Show me how transient I am	Alternate translation: “Show me how brief my life is” or “Show me how soon I will die”
1385	PSA	39	5	in3w	figs-metaphor		0	only the width of my hand	The writer speaks of his lifespan is if it could be measured by the width of his hand. Alternate translation: “only a very short time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1386	PSA	39	5	ej3j	figs-simile		0	my lifetime is like nothing before you	This simile states that the length of the writer’s life is so short that it does not exist. This is an exaggeration to stress how short it is. Alternate translation: “the length of my life is barely any time at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1387	PSA	39	5	l7in	figs-metaphor		0	Surely every man is a single breath	Life is short, and the psalmist speaks of it here as if it were only as long as the time it takes for a person to breathe one breath. Alternate translation: “The time that humans live is as short as a single breath of a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1388	PSA	39	6	wkn8	figs-simile		0	Surely every man walks about like a shadow	The lives of people are spoken of as if they are as insignificant as shadows. Alternate translation: “Everyone disappears like shadows do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1389	PSA	39	6	i78f	figs-explicit		0	although they do not know who will receive them	Here it is implied that they do not know what will happen to their wealth after they die. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1390	PSA	39	7	y9ll	figs-rquestion		0	Now, Lord, for what am I waiting?	The writer asks this question to emphasize that people cannot help him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “So now, Yahweh, I can expect to receive nothing from anyone else.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1391	PSA	39	9	ll7d	figs-parallelism		0	I am silent … cannot open my mouth	These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1392	PSA	39	9	whi2			0	because it is you who has done it	Alternate translation: “because my punishment comes from you”
1393	PSA	39	10	kf2h	figs-metaphor		0	Stop wounding me	God’s punishment of the writer is spoken of as if God was wounding him with a weapon. Alternate translation: “Please stop punishing me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1394	PSA	39	10	hd77			0	I am overwhelmed	Alternate translation: “I am defeated completely”
1395	PSA	39	10	n2ex	figs-metaphor		0	the blow of your hand	God’s punishment of the writer is spoken of as if God was striking him with his fist. Here “hand” represents God’s judgment. Alternate translation: “your judgment on me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1396	PSA	39	11	skf5	figs-simile		0	consume the things they desire like a moth	God will take away the things they value in the same way as a moth eats a piece of cloth. Alternate translation: “consume the things they desire like a moth eats away at clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1397	PSA	39	11	uzd7	figs-metaphor		0	all people are nothing but vapor	The writer speaks of the frailty of people as if they were mist that disappears quickly. Alternate translation: “everyone is completely fragile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1398	PSA	39	12	rx3j	figs-parallelism		0	Hear my prayer … listen to me … listen to my weeping	These three phrases mean basically the same thing and show how strongly the writer wants God to respond to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1399	PSA	39	12	ae4r	figs-metaphor		0	Do not be deaf to me	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s lack of response to him as if Yahweh was deaf. Alternate translation: “Do not ignore me as if you could not hear me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1400	PSA	39	12	nnj1	figs-simile		0	I am like a foreigner with you, a refugee	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s lack of response as if Yahweh considered him to be a total stranger to him. Alternate translation: “I am like a complete stranger to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1401	PSA	39	13	k2nr	figs-metonymy		0	Turn your gaze from me	Here “your gaze” represents Yahweh’s punishment. Alternate translation: “Please stop punishing me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1402	PSA	39	13	kfn1	figs-metonymy		0	so that I may smile again	Here “smile” is associated with being happy. Alternate translation: “so that I can be happy again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1403	PSA	40	intro	ik39			0		# Psalm 040 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br>Psalm 40 is a psalm of praise. Many also see it as a messianic psalm, a psalm about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sacrifices<br>God is not interested in sacrifices but wants people to obey him and fulfill his plans for them.
1404	PSA	40	1	k46g	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1405	PSA	40	1	q9w4			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1406	PSA	40	1	yu4m			0	I waited patiently for Yahweh	This means the writer was waiting for Yahweh to help him.
1407	PSA	40	1	j6iw	figs-doublet		0	he listened to me … heard my cry	These mean the same thing, and can be combined into one statement. Alternate translation: “he listened to me when I called out to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1408	PSA	40	2	jcv4	figs-parallelism		0	out of a horrible pit, out of the miry clay	These two metaphors mean the same thing. The writer’s danger is spoken of as if it was a deadly pit full of mud. This emphasizes the danger. Alternate translation: “from being trapped in a horrible pit full of sticky mud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1409	PSA	40	2	yav8	figs-synecdoche		0	he set my feet on a rock	Here “my feet” refers to the writer, and “a rock” refers a place of safety. Alternate translation: “he provided safety for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1410	PSA	40	3	kgu6			0	He has put a new song in my mouth	This could mean: (1) “He has taught me the words to a new song” or (2) “He has given me a new reason to sing.”
1411	PSA	40	3	bl9j	figs-synecdoche		0	in my mouth	Here “my mouth” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1412	PSA	40	3	n4gq	figs-abstractnouns		0	praise to our God	The noun “praise” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “a song to praise our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1413	PSA	40	3	z44r	figs-metonymy		0	Many will see it	Here “see it” refers to hearing the writer sing his song about what God has done for him. Alternate translation: “Many people will hear me tell what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1414	PSA	40	4	cal5			0	Blessed is the man who makes Yahweh his trust	Alternate translation: “Blessed is the man who trusts in Yahweh” or “Those who trust in Yahweh are blessed”
1415	PSA	40	4	z621	figs-nominaladj		0	the proud	This refers to the people who are proud. Alternate translation: “proud people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1416	PSA	40	4	f9yc			0	to lies	The Hebrew word is unclear. This could mean: (1) “lies” or (2) “false gods.”
1417	PSA	40	5	x7v4	figs-activepassive		0	your thoughts which are about us cannot be numbered	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one can count all the things you think about us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1418	PSA	40	5	kzt9	figs-parallelism		0	cannot be numbered … more than could be counted	These phrases mean essentially the same thing. The first is stated in negative form, and the second is stated in positive form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1419	PSA	40	6	z1vh	figs-hyperbole		0	You have no delight in sacrifice or offering	This is an exaggeration to express that other things are much more important to God. Alternate translation: “Sacrifices and other offerings are not the things that delight you most” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1420	PSA	40	6	xz9n	figs-metonymy		0	you have opened my ears	Here “ears” refers to the ability to hear. Alternate translation: “you have enabled me to hear your commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1421	PSA	40	6	mi62	figs-hyperbole		0	you have not required burnt offerings or sin offerings	This is an exaggeration to show that these things were not the most important to God. Alternate translation: “animals burned on the altar and other offerings for our sins are not what you require most” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1422	PSA	40	7	jn6f	figs-explicit		0	the scroll of the document	This refers to a scroll on which was written the word of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the written scroll” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1423	PSA	40	8	va1l	figs-metonymy		0	your laws are in my heart	Here “my heart” refers to the inner being of the writer. Alternate translation: “I am always thinking about your laws within my inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1424	PSA	40	9	k2b6			0	I have proclaimed good news of your righteousness in the great assembly	Alternate translation: “I have told a large assembly of people the good news of your righteousness.”
1425	PSA	40	9	epq1	figs-ellipsis		0	good news of your righteousness	This refers to the good news that God rescues his people. Alternate translation: “good news that because you are righteous, you rescue your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1426	PSA	40	9	gk2t	figs-metonymy		0	my lips have not kept back from doing this	Here “my lips” represents the writer, emphasizing his speech. Alternate translation: “I have not stopped myself from proclaiming these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1427	PSA	40	10	vb9c	figs-litotes		0	I have not concealed your righteousness in my heart	“I have not kept your righteousness a secret.” This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I have openly told every one about your righteousness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1428	PSA	40	10	am3c	figs-metonymy		0	in my heart	Here this refers to the writer’s inner being. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1429	PSA	40	10	cn4q	figs-litotes		0	I have not concealed your covenant faithfulness or your trustworthiness from the great assembly	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I have told everyone in the great assembly about your covenant faithfulness or your trustworthiness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1430	PSA	40	10	bp5z	figs-abstractnouns		0	your covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful.” Alternate translation: “how faithful you are to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1431	PSA	40	10	u78d	figs-abstractnouns		0	your trustworthiness	This abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be stated as “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “how trustworthy you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1432	PSA	40	11	qc48	figs-personification		0	let your covenant faithfulness and your trustworthiness always preserve me	Here “covenant faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” are spoken of as if they were living people who could protect the writer. Alternate translation: “I want your covenant faithfulness and your trustworthiness to always preserve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1433	PSA	40	12	c6b2	figs-metaphor		0	Troubles that cannot be numbered surround me	Here troubles are spoken of as if they were objects that surround and trap the speaker. Alternate translation: “there are more troubles around me than I can count” or “more troubles come to me than I can count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1434	PSA	40	12	ra9w	figs-litotes		0	that cannot be numbered	This is stated in negative form to intensify the number.See how you translated this in [Psalms 40:5](../040/005.md). Alternate translation: “that are vast in number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1435	PSA	40	12	ff9r	figs-metonymy		0	my iniquities	This refers to the consequences of his sin. Alternate translation: “the consequences of my iniquities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1436	PSA	40	12	qng1	figs-personification		0	have caught up with me	The writer’s iniquities are spoken of as if they were his enemies who were harming him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1437	PSA	40	12	x56q			0	I am no longer able to see anything	Versions differ in how to understand this difficult passage. It may mean that the speaker is crying so much that he cannot see anything because of his tears.
1438	PSA	40	12	ixl8	figs-metonymy		0	my heart has failed me	Here “heart” refers to the writer’s inner confidence. Alternate translation: “I am very discouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1439	PSA	40	14	hl37	figs-activepassive		0	Let them be ashamed and completely disappointed who pursue my life to take it away	This can be reordered and stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let those who pursue my life to take it awy be ashamed and completely disappointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1440	PSA	40	14	l9j5			0	Let them be ashamed and completely disappointed	Alternate translation: “Please make them ashamed and completely disappointed”
1441	PSA	40	14	ff5k	figs-metaphor		0	who pursue my life to take it away	Here “pursue my life” means they desire to kill the writer. The writer is represented by his “life.” Alternate translation: “who are trying to kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1442	PSA	40	14	knx2	figs-activepassive		0	Let them be turned back and brought to dishonor, those who delight in hurting me	This can be reordered and stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let those who delight in hurting me be turned back and brought to dishonor” or “Please have someone turn back those who delight in hurting me and bring them to dishonor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1443	PSA	40	14	k5tz			0	turned back	Alternate translation: “unable to continue”
1444	PSA	40	15	fqa6			0	Let them be shocked because of their shame, those who say to me, “Aha, aha!”	Alternate translation: “Let those who say to me, ‘Aha, aha!’ be shocked because of their shame”
1445	PSA	40	15	i1aw			0	Let them be shocked because of their shame	Alternate translation: “I hope that they will be shocked when you shame them”
1446	PSA	40	15	rbg9	figs-exclamations		0	Aha, aha!	These words indicate that the speaker has seen the hearer doing evil that the hearer did not think anyone knew about. You can use here words in your language that mean the same thing but sound different. See how this is translated in [Psalms 35:21](../035/021.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
1447	PSA	40	16	az21	figs-doublet		0	rejoice and be glad	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the intensity of joy. Alternate translation: “be very joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1448	PSA	40	16	yq7n	figs-abstractnouns		0	loves your salvation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “love you because you saved them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1449	PSA	40	17	v567	figs-doublet		0	poor and needy	These words mean the same thing and emphasize how helpless the writer is. Alternate translation: “very needy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1450	PSA	40	17	ep4r			0	the Lord thinks about me	Alternate translation: “the Lord cares for me”
1451	PSA	40	17	a8vb	figs-parallelism		0	You are my help … you come to my rescue	These phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1452	PSA	40	17	g2mh			0	You are my help	Alternate translation: “You are the one who helps me”
1453	PSA	40	17	zf6l			0	you come to my rescue	Alternate translation: “you come to save me”
1454	PSA	40	17	c1t7	figs-litotes		0	do not delay	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “respond quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1455	PSA	41	intro	q9l9			0		# Psalm 041 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 41 is a psalm of deliverance. The author’s friends had become his enemies who wanted to see him die but he trusted God to rescue him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Enemies<br>The author’s best friend had become an enemy. His enemies were happy because they were sure his sickness would result in death.
1456	PSA	41	1	y6js	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1457	PSA	41	1	ay4z			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1458	PSA	41	1	bd73			0	he who is concerned for the weak … rescue him	The words “he” and “him” refer to anyone who is concerned for the weak.
1459	PSA	41	1	glk5			0	the weak	Alternate translation: “weak people” or “poor people”
1460	PSA	41	2	j2lj			0	he … him … his	These words refer to anyone who is concerned for the weak.
1461	PSA	41	3	lt8b	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh will support him on the bed of suffering	The phrase “the bed of suffering” refers to when a person lies in bed because he is sick. Alternate translation: “When he is sick and in bed, Yahweh will support him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1462	PSA	41	3	ygd6	figs-metonymy		0	you will make his bed of sickness into a bed of healing	The phrase “a bed of healing” refers to when a person rests in bed and recovers from his sickness. Alternate translation: “you, Yahweh, will heal him of his sickness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1463	PSA	41	5	yg22	figs-ellipsis		0	his name perish	If a person’s name dies, it means that people forget that he had ever lived. Alternate translation: “when will his name perish” or “when will people forget about him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1464	PSA	41	6	evn1			0	If my enemy comes to see me	The words “my enemy” refers to any enemy in general, and not to one specific enemy.
1465	PSA	41	6	m4zm	figs-idiom		0	he says worthless things	This could mean: (1) “he says meaningless things” or (2) his enemies say things to make him think that they are his friends when they are not. Alternate translation: “he says deceitful things” or “they pretend to be concerned about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1466	PSA	41	6	c5vp	figs-synecdoche		0	his heart gathers up my disaster for itself	His enemies try to learn all of the bad things about him. Here the word “heart” refers the whole person. Bad circumstances are spoken of as if they were objects that can be gathered. Alternate translation: “he tries to learn about all of my disasters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1467	PSA	41	7	sq8r			0	against me they hope for my hurt	This could mean: (1) “they hope that very bad things will happen to me” or (2) “they are planning to hurt me.”
1468	PSA	41	8	l22y	figs-personification		0	An evil disease … to him	His enemies speak of “disease” as if it were a person who has captured him. Alternate translation: “He is sick with a fatal disease” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1469	PSA	41	8	hfg4			0	An evil disease	This could mean: (1) “A fatal disease” or (2) “Something evil”
1470	PSA	41	8	cay3	figs-explicit		0	now that he is lying down, he will rise up no more	Here the words “lying down” refer to lying in bed because of illness. That he will not “rise up” means that he will continue to lie down, which is a euphemism for death. Alternate translation: “now that he is sick in bed, he will die there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1471	PSA	41	9	jzy3	figs-idiom		0	has lifted up his heel against me	This is an idiom that means his friend betrayed him. Alternate translation: “has betrayed me” or “has turned against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1472	PSA	41	10	r3b3	figs-declarative		0	But you, Yahweh, have mercy on me and raise me up	This is a request. Alternate translation: “Please, Yahweh, have mercy on me and raise me up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
1473	PSA	41	10	cz3d	figs-idiom		0	raise me up	This means to raise him up from his bed, or to make him recover from his disease. Alternate translation: “make me well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1474	PSA	41	10	h6l4	figs-metaphor		0	so that I may pay them back	The writer speaks of revenge on his enemies as if it were paying to them what he owes. Alternate translation: “so that I may take revenge on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1475	PSA	41	11	m2j9	figs-events		0	By this I know that you delight in me, for my enemy does not triumph over me	The word “this” refers to what the writer will say next. For clarity, the clauses may be reversed. Alternate translation: “Because my enemy does not triumph over me, I know that you delight in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
1476	PSA	41	11	h7zl	figs-explicit		0	By this I know that you delight in me, for my enemy does not triumph over me	This can also be translated in future tense, since Yahweh has not yet healed him. Alternate translation: “If you enable me to do that, with the result that my enemies do not defeat me, I will know that you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1477	PSA	41	12	dfw3			0	you support me in my integrity	Alternate translation: “you support me because of my integrity”
1478	PSA	41	12	jj35	figs-metaphor		0	will keep me before your face	The writer speaks of being in Yahweh’s presence as being in a place where Yahweh can see him and he can see Yahweh’s face. Alternate translation: “will keep me with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1479	PSA	41	13	s4va			0	General Information:	This verse is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 1 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 1 and ends with Psalm 41.
1480	PSA	41	13	xi7f	figs-merism		0	from everlasting to everlasting	This refers to two extremes and means for all time. Alternate translation: “for all eternity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1481	PSA	41	13	d4ws	figs-doublet		0	Amen and Amen	The word “Amen” is repeated to emphasize approval of what has been said. Alternate translation: “May it certainly be so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1482	PSA	42	intro	mu68			0		# Psalm 042 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 42 is a psalm of praise for all that God has done and a prayer for deliverance from the psalmist’s enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Yahweh’s deliverance<br>The psalmist praises God as he remembers what God has done for him in the past, and he puts his trust in him. He needs rescuing from his enemies. Scholars believe that this psalm is about a man in exile longing for Jerusalem.<br><br>### Psalm 42 and Psalm 43<br>Some scholars believe that these two psalms were originally written together as one psalm.<br><br>### Superscription<br>This psalm is called “a Maschil of the sons of Korah.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
1483	PSA	42	1	t39i	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1484	PSA	42	1	rt7c			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1485	PSA	42	1	c3mx			0	A maschil	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md).
1486	PSA	42	1	h2nj			0	As the deer pants after streams of water, so I thirst for you, God	The author compares his desire for God to the desire of a thirsty deer for water.
1487	PSA	42	1	mi8s			0	pants	heavy breathing from an animal or person that is very tired or thirsty
1488	PSA	42	1	flj9	figs-metaphor		0	I thirst for you, God	The author speaks of his strong desire for God as if it were a strong thirst for water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1489	PSA	42	2	xe9q	figs-metaphor		0	I thirst for God	The author speaks of his strong desire for God as if it were a strong thirst for water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1490	PSA	42	2	bsl8	figs-rquestion		0	when will I come and appear before God?	The author does not ask this question to get an answer but to show his strong desire to be before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1491	PSA	42	3	mfk4	figs-metaphor		0	My tears have been my food	The author refers to his tears as if they are food that he eats. This means that he is so sad that he cannot eat. Alternate translation: “My tears are like my food and I eat nothing else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1492	PSA	42	3	nw17	figs-merism		0	day and night	This phrase refers to the entire day by referring to both its beginning and end. Alternate translation: “all day long” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1493	PSA	42	3	hy3m	figs-hyperbole		0	my enemies are always saying to me	This is an exaggeration. His enemies are not saying this constantly; they are saying it often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1494	PSA	42	3	sa8l	figs-rquestion		0	Where is your God?	The author’s enemies use this question to mock him and to express that they do not see his God helping him. Alternate translation: “Your God is not here to help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1495	PSA	42	4	d12n	figs-idiom		0	call to mind	This is an idiom that means to remember or think about something. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1496	PSA	42	4	k59b	figs-metonymy		0	I pour out my soul	Here the word “soul” refers to the emotions. The author speaks of his soul as if it is a liquid that he pours out. The phrase means that he is expressing his emotional grief. Alternate translation: “I express my sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1497	PSA	42	4	c6f8			0	the throng	Alternate translation: “the crowd of people”
1498	PSA	42	4	gv3q	figs-hendiadys		0	joy and praise	This phrase uses two different words to express one idea. Alternate translation: “joyful praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
1499	PSA	42	5	xs1j	figs-rquestion		0	Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you upset within me?	The author refers to his inner self as his “soul,” which represents himself. He asks these questions to rebuke himself. Alternate translation: “I should not be bowed down. I should not be worried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1500	PSA	42	5	cc84	figs-metaphor		0	bowed down	The writer speaks of depression or discouragement as if it were his soul being bent over. Alternate translation: “discouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1501	PSA	42	5	fyf2	figs-imperative		0	Hope in God	The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
1502	PSA	42	6	lp5z			0	My God, my soul	The writer begins to speak to God about his soul.
1503	PSA	42	6	s443	figs-idiom		0	I call you to mind	This phrase means to remember or to think about something. Alternate translation: “I think of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1504	PSA	42	6	u6xn	figs-explicit		0	the land of the Jordan	This is probably a reference to northern Israel, where the Jordan river originates. Alternate translation: “the land where the Jordan river begins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1505	PSA	42	6	ka3s			0	peaks	mountain tops
1506	PSA	42	6	xh39	translate-names		0	hill of Mizar	This is the name of a hill at the base of Mount Hermon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1507	PSA	42	7	c6aq	figs-personification		0	Deep calls to deep at the noise of your waterfalls	The word “deep” refers to deep waters, which here are likely the streams rushing down Mount Hermon. The writer speaks of them as if they are people calling out to one another as they hear the sound of their own descent from the mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1508	PSA	42	7	exq2	figs-metaphor		0	all your waves … have gone over me	The author speaks of his great misfortune and sadness as if they are deep waters that drown him with one wave after another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1509	PSA	42	7	d5k7	figs-doublet		0	your waves and your billows	The word “billows” is another word for “waves.” Together the two words emphasize the greatness of the waves. Alternate translation: “all of your great waves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1510	PSA	42	8	ef4n	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh will command his covenant faithfulness in the daytime	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness as if it were a person whom he commands to be with him. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will show me his covenant faithfulness in the daytime” or “Yahweh will show me in the daytime how faithful he is to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1511	PSA	42	8	jsc8			0	his song	This could mean: (1) “the song that he gives me” or (2) “the song about him”
1512	PSA	42	8	xm7t			0	the God of my life	Alternate translation: “the God who gives me life”
1513	PSA	42	9	si6j	figs-metaphor		0	I will say to God, my rock	The writer speaks of God as if he were a huge rock that would provide protection from enemy attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1514	PSA	42	9	b1ik			0	Why do I go mourning	To “go mourning” is to perform customs related to being very sad.
1515	PSA	42	10	bp1m	figs-simile		0	As with a sword in my bones	The writer describes his adversaries’ rebukes as his receiving a fatal wound. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1516	PSA	42	10	r4wg	figs-hyperbole		0	they always say to me	This is an exaggeration; his enemies are not saying this constantly but are saying it often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1517	PSA	42	10	ae82	figs-rquestion		0	Where is your God?	The writer’s enemies use this question to mock him and to express that they do not see God helping him. Alternate translation: “Your God is not here to help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1518	PSA	42	11	evd8	figs-rquestion		0	Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you upset within me?	The author refers to his inner self as his “soul,” which represents himself. He asks these questions to rebuke himself. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). Alternate translation: “I should not be bowed down, I should not be worried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1519	PSA	42	11	wp6h	figs-metaphor		0	bowed down	The writer speaks of depression or discouragement as if it were his soul being bent over. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). Alternate translation: “discouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1520	PSA	42	11	ghd7	figs-imperative		0	Hope in God	The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
1521	PSA	43	intro	x44y			0		# Psalm 043 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 43 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a plea for rescue from the psalmist’s enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Encouragement<br>The author should not be discouraged because he trusts in God to deliver him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>### Psalm 42 and Psalm 43<br>Some scholars believe that these two psalms were originally written together as one psalm.
1522	PSA	43	1	il4d	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1523	PSA	43	2	quk8			0	the God of my strength	This could mean: (1) “the God who protects me” or (2) “the God who gives me strength.”
1524	PSA	43	2	a96e	figs-rquestion		0	Why have you rejected me? Why do I go about in mourning because of the oppression of the enemy?	The writer asks these questions in order to complain to God and express his emotions, not to receive an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1525	PSA	43	2	cpw2			0	Why do I go about in mourning	To “go about in mourning” is to perform customs related to being very sad.
1526	PSA	43	2	d84h	figs-abstractnouns		0	because of the oppression of the enemy	The word “oppression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “because my enemy oppresses me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1527	PSA	43	3	e7jd	figs-metaphor		0	send out your light and your truth	The writer speaks of God’s deliverance as if it were a light that shows him the way and truth that teaches him how to live. Alternate translation: “guide me with your light and truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1528	PSA	43	3	uhy4	figs-metonymy		0	holy hill	This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where the temple is located and thus to the temple itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1529	PSA	43	3	rr6l			0	to your dwelling	Alternate translation: “to the place where you live”
1530	PSA	43	4	r8lp			0	God my exceeding joy	Alternate translation: “God who is my very great joy” or “God who gives me very great joy”
1531	PSA	43	5	qb88	figs-rquestion		0	Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you upset within me?	The author refers to his inner self as his “soul,” which represents himself. He asks these questions to rebuke himself. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). Alternate translation: “I should not be bowed down. I should not be worried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1532	PSA	43	5	wn18	figs-metaphor		0	bowed down	The writer speaks of depression or discouragement as if it were his soul being bent over. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). Alternate translation: “discouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1533	PSA	43	5	z1zd	figs-imperative		0	Hope in God	The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
1534	PSA	43	5	dgl5	figs-doublet		0	my salvation and my God	The phrase “my salvation” refers to God. If necessary the two phrases can be combined. Alternate translation: “my God who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1535	PSA	44	intro	cu7e			0		# Psalm 044 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 44 is a deliverance psalm. It is a prayer for God’s help against enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Enemies<br>When Israel entered the Promised Land, God fought for them and drove out their enemies. Since their enemies have now defeated them, they are in need of God’s help. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>### Superscription<br>This psalm is called “a Maschil.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
1536	PSA	44	1	gi44	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1537	PSA	44	1	n2t8			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1538	PSA	44	1	vwd3			0	A psalm of the sons of Korah	Alternate translation: “This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote.”
1539	PSA	44	1	d1rs	figs-idiom		0	We have heard with our ears, God	The word “ears” adds emphasis to the statement that they have heard and understood the things that the writer is about to describe. The writer addresses this statement to God. Alternate translation: “God, we have heard clearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1540	PSA	44	1	ifj6	figs-parallelism		0	in their days, in the days of old	Both of these phrases use the word “days” to refer to the time period when the ancestors of the people of Israel were alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1541	PSA	44	2	rd1l			0	You drove out the nations	Alternate translation: “You forced the people from other nations to leave”
1542	PSA	44	2	w5ar	figs-metonymy		0	with your hand	Here the word “hand” refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “by your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1543	PSA	44	2	sst2	figs-metaphor		0	you planted our people	The writer speaks of God’s causing the Israelites to live in the land as if he were planting them in the soil like he would a tree. Alternate translation: “you caused our people to live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1544	PSA	44	3	f15t	figs-metonymy		0	by their own sword	The word “sword” refers to military power. Alternate translation: “by fighting with their own swords” or “by their own army’s strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1545	PSA	44	3	ixc7	figs-metonymy		0	their own arm	Here the word “arm” refers to power. Alternate translation: “their own power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1546	PSA	44	3	cr9y	figs-ellipsis		0	the light of your face	You may supply a verb for this phrase. Alternate translation: “the light of your face obtained the land for their possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1547	PSA	44	3	ekr9	figs-metonymy		0	your right hand, your arm	Here the words “hand” and “arm” both refer to God’s power. Combined, they emphasize the greatness of God’s power. Alternate translation: “your great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1548	PSA	44	3	a1dc	figs-metaphor		0	the light of your face	The writer speaks of Yahweh looking with favor upon them and being kind to them as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on them. Alternate translation: “your kindness” or “your good favor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1549	PSA	44	4	md4f	figs-metonymy		0	victory for Jacob	The people of Israel are referred to by the name of their ancestor “Jacob.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1550	PSA	44	5	cn87			0	Through you … through your	Alternate translation: “By you … by your”
1551	PSA	44	5	l9n9	figs-metaphor		0	push down … tread them under … rise up	The writer speaks of his enemies’ defeat as if they are “down” and of their preparing to fight as if they are “up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1552	PSA	44	5	u2c5	figs-metonymy		0	through your name	Here the word “name” refers to God’s power and authority. Alternate translation: “by your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1553	PSA	44	5	ze87			0	tread them under	Alternate translation: “tread them under our feet” or “walk on top of them”
1554	PSA	44	8	ql57	figs-abstractnouns		0	we have made our boast	The word “boast” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “we have boasted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1555	PSA	44	8	qb7z	figs-metonymy		0	we will give thanks to your name	Here the word “name” refers to God, himself. Alternate translation: “we will give thanks to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1556	PSA	44	9	tw86	figs-metaphor		0	thrown us off	The writer speaks of God’s rejection of Israel as if he were discarding an unwanted piece of clothing. Alternate translation: “rejected us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1557	PSA	44	10	bc8x			0	spoil	resources and treasures that an army collects after winning a battle
1558	PSA	44	11	cmt5	figs-simile		0	You have made us like sheep to be slaughtered	The writer compares the Israelites to sheep that people kill and eat. As sheep are helpless before those who kill them, so the Israelites are helpless before their enemies. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You have allowed our enemies to kill us like they would kill a sheep and eat it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1559	PSA	44	11	k8qj			0	scattered us among the nations	Alternate translation: “caused us to live in many different nations”
1560	PSA	44	12	zm14	figs-metaphor		0	sell your people for nothing	The writer speaks of Yahweh allowing Israel’s enemies to conquer them as if he were selling the people of Israel to their enemies but does not require any payment from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1561	PSA	44	13	j3ej	figs-parallelism		0	You make us a rebuke to our neighbors, scoffed and mocked by those around us	These two phrases are parallel emphasizing how the people among whom they live mock them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1562	PSA	44	13	ys4c	figs-abstractnouns		0	You make us a rebuke to our neighbors	The word “rebuke” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “You make us something that our neighbors rebuke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1563	PSA	44	13	z6rm	figs-activepassive		0	scoffed and mocked by those around us	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those around us scoff at us and mock us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1564	PSA	44	14	d6zg	figs-parallelism		0	an insult among … a shaking of the head	These phrases are parallel emphasizing how intensely the nations around them mock them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1565	PSA	44	14	cf7w	figs-abstractnouns		0	You make us an insult among the nations	The word “insult” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “You make the nations around us insult us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1566	PSA	44	14	l1b9	figs-abstractnouns		0	a shaking of the head among the peoples	The phrase “a shaking of the head” can be translated in verbal form. Alternate translation: “something at which the peoples shake their heads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1567	PSA	44	14	d7ze			0	a shaking of the head	This was a gesture that people used to show scorn to others.
1568	PSA	44	15	lk1b	figs-metaphor		0	my dishonor is before me	The writer speaks of his dishonor as if it were an object that is always in front of him for him to see. The phrase means that he is always thinking about his dishonor. Alternate translation: “I think about my dishonor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1569	PSA	44	15	l48m	figs-metaphor		0	the shame of my face has covered me	The writer speaks of his shame as if it is an object that covers him like a blanket would cover him. Alternate translation: “the shame of my face has overwhelmed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1570	PSA	44	15	w1hq			0	the shame of my face	“the shame that shows on my face.” This refers to his facial expressions that his shame causes.
1571	PSA	44	16	p8lw	figs-synecdoche		0	because of the voice of him who rebukes and insults	Here the words “the voice” represents the person insulting him. Alternate translation: “because of what the person says who rebukes and insults me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1572	PSA	44	16	s49c	figs-doublet		0	rebukes and insults	These words have similar meanings and emphasize the harsh nature of what this person says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1573	PSA	44	18	qi6w	figs-parallelism		0	Our heart has not turned back … have not gone from your way	These two phrases are parallel. The writer speaks of loyalty to God as if it were following him, and disloyalty as if it were turning away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1574	PSA	44	18	mf97	figs-metonymy		0	Our heart has not turned back	Here the word “heart” refers to the emotions, and specifically to loyalty and devotion. Alternate translation: “We have not stopped being loyal to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1575	PSA	44	19	d4u4	figs-metaphor		0	you have severely broken us	The writer speaks of God’s punishment as if it were breaking a fragile object. Alternate translation: “you have punished us severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1576	PSA	44	19	dfs9	figs-metaphor		0	in the place of jackals	The writer speaks of Israel after God’s punishment as if it were a wild, uninhabitable place. Alternate translation: “and made our land like a place where jackals live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1577	PSA	44	19	c511			0	jackals	a type of wild dog
1578	PSA	44	19	v695	figs-metaphor		0	covered us with the shadow of death	The writer speaks of death as if it is an object that casts a shadow over those who are about to die. Alternate translation: “made us so that we are about to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1579	PSA	44	20	k5hu	figs-metonymy		0	If we have forgotten the name of our God	Here the word “name” refers to God, himself. To forget God is to stop worshiping him. This is something that did not happen. Alternate translation: “If we had forgotten our God” or “If we had stopped worshiping our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1580	PSA	44	20	g9jv	translate-symaction		0	spread out our hands to a strange god	Spreading out the hands is a gesture that people used to worship and pray to a god. Alternate translation: “worshiped a strange god” or “prayed to a strange god” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1581	PSA	44	21	rv5k	figs-rquestion		0	would not God search this out?	The writer uses this question to express that God would know if they worshiped another god. Alternate translation: “God would certainly find out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1582	PSA	44	21	ih8n	figs-metonymy		0	he knows the secrets of the heart	Here the word “heart” refers to the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “he knows what a person secretly thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1583	PSA	44	22	mxt3	figs-hyperbole		0	we are being killed all day long	The phrase “all day long” is an exaggeration to emphasize that their people are being killed frequently. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we are always in danger of people killing us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1584	PSA	44	22	exg2	figs-activepassive		0	we are considered to be sheep for the slaughter	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people consider us to be sheep for the slaughter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1585	PSA	44	22	vl87	figs-metaphor		0	sheep for the slaughter	The writer compares the Israelites to sheep that people kill and eat. As sheep are helpless before those who kill them, so the Israelites are helpless before their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1586	PSA	44	23	b9h3	figs-rquestion		0	Awake, why do you sleep, Lord?	This does not mean that God is actually asleep. The writer speaks of God’s seeming inactivity as if God is sleeping. He asks the question to rebuke God for appearing not to be concerned about their troubles. Alternate translation: “Wake up! I feel like you are sleeping, Lord!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1587	PSA	44	23	z7sm	figs-metaphor		0	do not throw us off	The writer speaks of God’s rejection of Israel as if he were discarding an unwanted piece of clothing. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 44:9](../044/009.md). Alternate translation: “do not reject us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1588	PSA	44	24	h91h	figs-rquestion		0	Why do you hide your face … our oppression?	The writer uses this question to complain that God appears to be ignoring them. Alternate translation: “Do not hide your face … our oppression.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1589	PSA	44	24	hj18	figs-metaphor		0	hide your face	The writer speaks of God ignoring them as if God were hiding his face so that he could not see them. Alternate translation: “ignore us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1590	PSA	44	24	jb65	figs-abstractnouns		0	forget our affliction and our oppression	The words “affliction” and “oppression” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the severity of their affliction. These words may also be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “forget that people afflict us and oppress us” or “forget that people greatly afflict us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1591	PSA	44	25	rzd7	figs-parallelism		0	For we have sunk down into the dust; our bodies cling to the earth	These parallel phrases share similar meanings. The writer describes his people as lying on the ground in a posture of defeat and humiliation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1592	PSA	44	25	f1gv	figs-metaphor		0	For we have sunk down into the dust	The writer speaks of their humiliation as if their bodies were objects, such as ice, that melt and soak into the dirt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1593	PSA	44	25	q4te	figs-metaphor		0	our bodies cling to the earth	The writer speaks of their humiliation as if their bodies were stuck to the ground and they could not raise themselves up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1594	PSA	44	26	gbh3	figs-idiom		0	Rise up	This is a command to stand. This phrase refers to beginning to act on something. Alternate translation: “Take action” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1595	PSA	44	26	uu4n	figs-abstractnouns		0	for the sake of your covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “to show that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1596	PSA	45	intro	hk23			0		# Psalm 045 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 45 is a royal psalm written for the king’s wedding day.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Beauty<br>The king has a beautiful palace, and his bride is also beautiful.<br><br>### Superscription<br>This psalm is called “a Maschil.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
1597	PSA	45	1	v3sl	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1598	PSA	45	1	p8j6			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
1599	PSA	45	1	f1a1			0	set to Shoshannim	This may refer to a style or the tune of the music. Sometimes it is translated as “set to the tune of ‘Lilies.’”
1600	PSA	45	1	ty3v			0	A psalm of the sons of Korah	Alternate translation: “This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote.”
1601	PSA	45	1	tug8			0	A maschil	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md).
1602	PSA	45	1	c73i	figs-metaphor		0	My heart overflows on a good subject	The writer speaks of his heart as if it were a container that overflows with liquid. The word “heart” represents his emotions, which are excited by the song that he sings. Alternate translation: “My emotions are excited about a good subject” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1603	PSA	45	1	puh2			0	a good subject	“a noble theme” or “a beautiful word.” This refers to the song that he has written.
1604	PSA	45	1	w2cc			0	composed	to have written or created a song
1605	PSA	45	1	chy8	figs-metaphor		0	my tongue is the pen of a ready writer	The writer speaks of his tongue as if it were a pen. He speaks words as skillfully as an experienced writer writes words. Alternate translation: “my tongue is like the pen of person who writes well” or “I speak words as skillfully as an experienced writer can write words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1606	PSA	45	2	x1mq	figs-hyperbole		0	You are fairer than the children of mankind	This phrase is an exaggeration that emphasizes that the king is better looking than anyone else. The phrase “children of mankind” is an idiom and refers to all humans. Alternate translation: “You are more handsome than any other man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1607	PSA	45	2	an93	figs-metaphor		0	grace is poured onto your lips	The writer speaks of grace as if it were oil that someone has used to anoint the king’s lips. The word “lips” refers to the king’s speech. The phrase means that the king speaks eloquently. Alternate translation: “it is as if someone has anointed your lips with oil” or “you speak eloquently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1608	PSA	45	3	y2u2	figs-explicit		0	Put your sword on your side	Warriors carried their swords in a sheath that hung from a belt around their waist. The sword would rest against their side. This phrase describes an action of someone preparing for battle. Alternate translation: “Prepare yourself for battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1609	PSA	45	4	cyr3			0	ride on triumphantly	The writer tells the king to ride his horse or chariot to victory.
1610	PSA	45	4	s46i	figs-abstractnouns		0	because of trustworthiness, meekness, and righteousness	The abstract nouns “trustworthiness,” “meekness,” and “righteousness” can be stated as adjectives. This could mean: (1) these are qualities of the mighty one. Alternate translation: “because you are trustworthy, meek, and righteous” or (2) these are virtues that he fights to uphold for the people whom he rules. Alternate translation: “in order to fight for what is trustworthy, meek, and right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1611	PSA	45	4	td7g	figs-metonymy		0	your right hand will teach you fearful things	Most soldiers held their swords with their right hands when they fought. Here, the phrase “right hand” refers to his ability to fight, which the writer speaks of as if it were a person who can teach the king through the experience he gains in battle. Alternate translation: “You will learn to accomplish great military feats by fighting in many battles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1612	PSA	45	4	ij55			0	fearful things	“awesome deeds.” This refers to military victories that cause his enemies to fear him and his allies to revere him.
1613	PSA	45	5	k74n			0	the peoples fall under you	This phrase refers to the king defeating his enemies. This could mean: (1) “the peoples fall at your feet in surrender” or (2) “the peoples fall dead at your feet.”
1614	PSA	45	5	zn7a			0	your arrows are in the hearts of the king’s enemies	“your arrows have pierced the hearts of your enemies.” The writer speaks to the king while referring to the king in the third person.
1615	PSA	45	6	d479	figs-metonymy		0	Your throne … is forever and ever	The word “throne” represents the kingdom and rule of the king. Alternate translation: “Your kingdom … is forever and ever” or “You will reign … forever and ever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1616	PSA	45	6	mh74			0	Your throne, God	Possible meanings are that the word **God**: (1) is a title for the king, who is God’s representative or (2) modifies the word “throne” and means “Your kingdom that God has given you.”
1617	PSA	45	6	h2tn	figs-metonymy		0	a scepter of justice is the scepter of your kingdom	The word “scepter” represents the king’s authority to rule his kingdom. Alternate translation: “you rule your kingdom with justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1618	PSA	45	7	w1rj	figs-metaphor		0	God, your God, has anointed you with the oil of gladness	The writer speaks of gladness as if it were an oil that God used to anoint the king. That God has anointed him is a symbolic action that represents God’s choosing him to be king. Alternate translation: “when God appointed you as king, he made you very glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1619	PSA	45	8	s741			0	General Information:	Here the writer begins to describe what appears to be the wedding ceremony of the king and his bride.
1620	PSA	45	8	ggv6	translate-unknown		0	myrrh, aloes, and cassia	These are aromatic plant substances that people used to make perfumes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1621	PSA	45	8	mam8			0	ivory palaces	Ivory is a hard white substance that forms animal’s tusks. This phrase describes a palace with walls and furniture that people have decorated with ivory.
1622	PSA	45	8	ldy1	figs-metonymy		0	stringed instruments have made you glad	The words “stringed instruments” refers to the music that people make by playing the stringed instruments. Alternate translation: “the music of stringed instruments has made you glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1623	PSA	45	9	at3w			0	honorable women	These women are wives of the king who receive his approval.
1624	PSA	45	9	bvd2	figs-explicit		0	the queen	This is a reference to the woman who will become queen. Alternate translation: “your bride, the queen” or “your bride, who will be the queen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1625	PSA	45	9	w8kb	translate-names		0	Ophir	This is the name of a place that had a reputation for its fine gold. The location is unknown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1626	PSA	45	10	d768			0	Listen, daughter	The writer begins to speak to the queen and refers to her as “daughter” because she is a young woman.
1627	PSA	45	10	z8va	figs-metaphor		0	incline your ear	The writer speaks of listening carefully to something as if it were bending one’s ear towards the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1628	PSA	45	10	u572	figs-metaphor		0	forget your own people	The writer speaks of the queen no longer following the beliefs and customs of her native people as if it were forgetting them. Alternate translation: “no longer follow the customs of your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1629	PSA	45	10	zi39	figs-metonymy		0	your father’s house	Here the word “house” refers to family. Alternate translation: “your relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1630	PSA	45	11	vj28			0	In this way	Alternate translation: “and” or “so”
1631	PSA	45	11	tyk3	figs-euphemism		0	the king will desire your beauty	This is a polite way to say that the king will want to sleep with the queen as his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1632	PSA	45	12	b5qz	figs-metaphor		0	The daughter of Tyre	The writer speaks of the people who live in Tyre as if they are Tyre’s children. Alternate translation: “The people of Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1633	PSA	45	13	z961	figs-explicit		0	The royal daughter	This is a reference to the woman whom the king will marry. Alternate translation: “The king’s bride” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1634	PSA	45	13	fc31			0	all glorious	“very beautiful.” This refers to the woman’s appearance.
1635	PSA	45	13	aze7	figs-activepassive		0	her clothing is worked with gold	Her clothing is decorated or embroidered with gold. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “she wears clothing that someone has embroidered with golden thread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1636	PSA	45	14	v2p3	figs-activepassive		0	She will be led to the king in embroidered dress	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will lead her to the king as she wears an embroidered dress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1637	PSA	45	14	mrv3			0	embroidered	a design made by sewing colored threads into cloth
1638	PSA	45	14	ji2m	figs-activepassive		0	the virgins, her companions who follow her, will be brought to you	Here the word “you” refers to the king. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will bring to you the virgins, her companions who follow her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1639	PSA	45	15	j9m5	figs-personification		0	They will be led by gladness and rejoicing	This phrase describes “gladness and rejoicing” as a person who leads others to celebrate. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Gladness and rejoicing will lead them” or “They will proceed with gladness and rejoicing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1640	PSA	45	15	jxe5	figs-doublet		0	gladness and rejoicing	These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of gladness. Alternate translation: “great gladness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1641	PSA	45	16	x1cw			0	Connecting Statement:	The writer continues to address the king.
1642	PSA	45	16	jy9e			0	In the place of your fathers will be your children	This means that the king’s sons will replace him as king, just as he replaced his ancestors as king.
1643	PSA	45	16	wu3k	figs-hyperbole		0	you will make princes in all the earth	The phrase “in all the earth” is an exaggeration to emphasize that they will rule over many nations. Alternate translation: “you will make rulers over many nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1644	PSA	45	17	n62l	figs-metonymy		0	I will make your name to be remembered in all generations	Here the word “I” refers to the writer. The word “name” refers to the king’s character and reputation. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will cause people in every generation to know about your greatness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1645	PSA	46	intro	w4ye			0		# Psalm 046 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 46 is a psalm of praise to God.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>God is all-powerful, controls nature, and protects his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])
1646	PSA	46	1	pye4	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1647	PSA	46	1	b2mp			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1648	PSA	46	1	t2j8			0	A psalm of the sons of Korah	Alternate translation: “This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote”
1649	PSA	46	1	q7sv	translate-unknown		0	set to Alamoth	This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1650	PSA	46	1	sf97	figs-metaphor		0	God is our refuge and strength	The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. Alternate translation: “God gives us safety and strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1651	PSA	46	2	d2ga	figs-metaphor		0	the mountains should be shaken into the heart of the seas	The writer speaks of the deepest part of the sea as if it were the sea’s heart. Here he describes an earthquake that causes the mountains to crumble and fall into the sea. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the mountains should shake so violently that they fall into the depths of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1652	PSA	46	3	nvd8			0	though its waters roar and rage	“though the waters of the sea roar and rage.” The words “roar” and “rage” describe the violent movements of the sea during a strong storm.
1653	PSA	46	3	v7sn	figs-explicit		0	mountains tremble with their swelling	The phrase “their swelling” refers to the waters of the sea as they rise and crash against the mountains. Alternate translation: “the swelling waters cause the mountains to tremble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1654	PSA	46	4	x5va	writing-symlanguage		0	There is a river whose streams make the city of God happy	The imagery of a running river symbolizes peace and prosperity for the city of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1655	PSA	46	4	n4fc	figs-metonymy		0	make the city of God happy	The phrase “the city of God” refers to Jerusalem, and represents the people who live in that city. Alternate translation: “make the people who live in Jerusalem happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1656	PSA	46	4	ft9r	figs-explicit		0	the holy place where the Most High dwells	This phrase describes “the city of God.” Alternate translation: “the holy place where the Most High lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1657	PSA	46	5	v4ku			0	in the middle of her; she will not be moved … help her	The words “her” and “she” refer to “the city of God.”
1658	PSA	46	5	kf8d	figs-metaphor		0	she will not be moved	Here, the word “moved” is the same word translated as “shaken” in [Psalms v. 2](./001.md). The writer speaks of the destruction of Jerusalem by armies as if an earthquake were to destroy it. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “nothing will be able destroy her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1659	PSA	46	6	ese7	figs-metaphor		0	The nations raged	Here, the word “raged” is the same word that the writer used in [Psalms v. 3](./001.md) to describe the waters of the sea. The writer speaks of the fear of the nations as if it was the violent movements of the sea during a strong storm. Alternate translation: “The nations are terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1660	PSA	46	6	m4wd	figs-metaphor		0	the kingdoms were shaken	Here, the word “shaken” is the same word that the writer used in [Psalms v. 2](./001.md) to describe the effect of an earthquake on the mountains. The writer speaks of the overthrow of kingdoms by armies as if an earthquake were to destroy them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “armies overthrew the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1661	PSA	46	6	hp6t	figs-metaphor		0	he lifted up his voice	“God lifted up his voice.” The writer speaks of the “voice” as an object that a person can pick up and raise into the air. This means that the voice becomes louder. Alternate translation: “God shouted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1662	PSA	46	6	p2kl	figs-metonymy		0	the earth melted	The writer speaks of the earth as an object, such as ice, that can melt. Here “the earth” represents mankind, and to melt represents fear. Alternate translation: “the people of the earth tremble with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1663	PSA	46	7	lc6w	figs-metaphor		0	the God of Jacob is our refuge	The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. Alternate translation: “the God of Jacob gives us safety” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1664	PSA	46	7	nkp6	figs-metonymy		0	the God of Jacob	This could mean: (1) “the God whom Jacob worshiped” or (2) “Jacob” is a metonym for the nation of Israel and means “the God of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1665	PSA	46	9	lwa3			0	He makes wars cease	Alternate translation: “He makes nations stop fighting wars”
1666	PSA	46	9	b5gh	figs-idiom		0	to the ends of the earth	This is an idiom that refers to everywhere in the word. Alternate translation: “everywhere in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1667	PSA	46	9	v24c			0	he breaks the bow … burns up the shields	One way in which Yahweh will make all wars to cease is by destroying the weapons that the armies use to fight one another.
1668	PSA	46	9	gst2	translate-textvariants		0	shields	Some versions understand this Hebrew word as “chariots.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
1669	PSA	46	10	y22y			0	Be quiet and know that I am God	Here, God begins to speak.
1670	PSA	46	10	ua4x	figs-explicit		0	Be quiet	In this context, these words are likely a command to the nations to stop their wars. Alternate translation: “Stop fighting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1671	PSA	46	10	u2j9			0	know that I am God	Here the word “know” means to understand and to confess that Yahweh is the true God.
1672	PSA	46	10	ssq3	figs-parallelism		0	I will be exalted among the nations; I will be exalted on the earth	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people of every nation in the world will exalt God. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People from every nation will exalt me; people all over the earth will exalt me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1673	PSA	46	11	gl4e	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our refuge	The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. See how you translated these lines in [Psalms 46:7](../046/007.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1674	PSA	47	intro	j9a7			0		# Psalm 047 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 47 is a psalm of praise to God.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s power<br>God is powerful over all the nations in the world.
1675	PSA	47	1	l66j	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1676	PSA	47	1	xf2n			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
1677	PSA	47	1	uqb5	figs-explicit		0	Clap your hands	Clapping your hands is associated with celebration. Alternate translation: “Clap your hands in celebration” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1678	PSA	47	1	n5aa			0	shout to God with the sound of triumph	“shout to God with joyful voices.” Here the word “triumph” refers to the joy associated with victory.
1679	PSA	47	3	bqu5	figs-parallelism		0	He subdues peoples under us and nations under our feet	These two phrases are parallel and mean that God enabled Israel to conquer their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1680	PSA	47	3	j5mi			0	subdues	to conquer and place under the authority of another
1681	PSA	47	3	sa4s	figs-metaphor		0	under us … under our feet	The writer speaks of conquering other nations as if it were putting those nations underneath their feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1682	PSA	47	4	p3vm	figs-metaphor		0	He chooses our inheritance for us	The writer speaks of the land of Israel as if it were an inheritance that God has given the people as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “He chooses this land as an inheritance for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1683	PSA	47	4	e7vk	figs-metonymy		0	the glory of Jacob	Here the word “glory” refers to a source of pride and represents the land that God has given to his people as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land in which Jacob takes pride” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1684	PSA	47	4	qvz6	figs-metonymy		0	Jacob whom he loved	The word “Jacob” refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1685	PSA	47	5	y2zq	figs-metaphor		0	God has gone up with a shout	The writer speaks of God’s conquering the nations as if God were a king ascending his throne, which was located in the temple. Alternate translation: “God has gone up into the temple as people shouted” or “God has ascended to his throne as people shouted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1686	PSA	47	5	z2zz	figs-parallelism		0	Yahweh with the sound of a trumpet	This phrase parallels the previous phrase. The verb may be supplied for clarity. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has gone up as people blew trumpets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1687	PSA	47	6	wn5w	figs-parallelism		0	Sing praises to God, sing praises; sing praises to our King, sing praises	The phrase “sing praises” is repeated for emphasis. You may omit the repetition if it is awkward in your language. Alternate translation: “Sing, sing praises to God; sing, sing praises to our King” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1688	PSA	47	9	vxi7			0	The princes of the peoples	Alternate translation: “The rulers of all the nations”
1689	PSA	47	9	kg5b			0	gathered together to the people	Possible meanings are that the rulers of the nations: (1) “gather in front of the people” or (2) “gathered together with the people” so that all may worship God as king.
1690	PSA	47	9	eew2	figs-metaphor		0	the shields of the earth belong to God	Possible meanings are that **shields**: (1) refers to instruments of war. Alternate translation: “God has more power than the weapons of all the kings on the earth” or (2) refers to the rulers of the nations who are spoken of as shields who protect their nations. Alternate translation: “the kings of the earth are subject to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1691	PSA	48	intro	wfx3			0		# Psalm 048 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 48 is a psalm of praise for Jerusalem.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jerusalem<br>Jerusalem has mighty defenses. Foreign nations will be amazed. It is something to remember and testify about. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>It is helpful to know that “Mount Zion” is often used to refer to the city of Jerusalem.
1692	PSA	48	1	s5c1	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	This psalm is a song about Jerusalem being God’s dwelling place. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1693	PSA	48	1	az4y	figs-activepassive		0	greatly to be praised	This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “people are to praise him greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1694	PSA	48	1	az2x			0	the city of our God on his holy mountain	This is a reference to Jerusalem, which was built on Mount Zion.
1695	PSA	48	1	dj9j			0	the city of our God	This could mean: (1) “the city where our God lives” or (2) “the city that belongs to our God”
1696	PSA	48	2	nl3f			0	Beautiful in elevation	“Beautiful and high.” The word “elevation” refers to how high mount Zion is.
1697	PSA	48	2	y3e3	figs-metonymy		0	the joy of the whole earth, is Mount Zion	Here the word “earth” refers to everyone living on the earth. The word “joy” may be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Mount Zion gives joy to everyone on earth” or “everyone on earth rejoices because of Mount Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1698	PSA	48	2	r8gx			0	on the sides of the north	Possible meanings are that this phrase: (1) refers to the direction of the north or (2) is another name for Mount Zion meaning “the mountain of God.”
1699	PSA	48	3	qb5z	figs-metaphor		0	God has made himself known in her palaces as a refuge	The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. Alternate translation: “God has made himself known as one who gives safety to the people in Mount Zion’s palaces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1700	PSA	48	4	lw4p			0	see	The word “see” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
1701	PSA	48	4	fnx9	figs-metonymy		0	assembled themselves	Here the kings represent their armies. Alternate translation: “assembled their armies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1702	PSA	48	4	yk23			0	they passed by together	Alternate translation: “together they passed by Jerusalem”
1703	PSA	48	5	q1px			0	They saw it	Alternate translation: “They saw Jerusalem”
1704	PSA	48	5	k5fi			0	dismayed	greatly troubled
1705	PSA	48	6	xy4p	figs-personification		0	Trembling took hold of them there	The writer speaks of the kings’ fear as if it were a person who caused the kings and their armies to tremble. Alternate translation: “There they trembled with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1706	PSA	48	6	ees5	figs-metaphor		0	pain as when a woman is in labor	The writer speaks of the kings’ fear as if it were the pain that a woman experiences in childbirth and speaks of that pain as if it were a person. The verb may be supplied from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “pain took hold of them, as when a woman is in labor” or “they became afraid, like a woman is afraid of experiencing labor pains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1707	PSA	48	7	e8iv	figs-metaphor		0	With the east wind you break the ships of Tarshish	This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which the author describes the kings being afraid as if they were ships that shake because God destroys them with a strong wind. Alternate translation: “They shook with fear, as the ships of Tarshish shake when you break them with the east wind” or (2) this is an apostrophe in which the author describes God’s great power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
1708	PSA	48	7	qp44			0	the east wind	This could mean: (1) “a wind blowing from the east” or (2) “a strong wind.”
1709	PSA	48	7	n4q7			0	the ships of Tarshish	This could mean: (1) ships that sail to or are built in the city of Tarshish or (2) any large ocean-going ship.
1710	PSA	48	8	b3ds	figs-explicit		0	As we have heard	It is implied that what they have heard is the great things that God has done in the past. Alternate translation: “As we have heard about the great things that God has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1711	PSA	48	8	g7aa	figs-explicit		0	so have we seen	This means that they have seen the proof that the things that they have heard are true. Alternate translation: “so we have seen God do great things now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1712	PSA	48	8	pr7i	figs-parallelism		0	in the city of Yahweh of hosts, in the city of our God	Both of these phrases refer to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “in the city of our God, Yahweh of hosts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1713	PSA	48	8	pa6r			0	establish it	“make it secure.” Here the word “establish means to preserve and make something secure.
1714	PSA	48	9	fec8	figs-abstractnouns		0	your covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “how faithful you are to your covenant” or “how faithful you are to us because of your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1715	PSA	48	9	wf6y			0	in the middle of your temple	Alternate translation: “as we are in your temple”
1716	PSA	48	10	wrg5	figs-metonymy		0	As your name is … so is your praise to the ends of the earth	Here the word “name” represents God’s character and reputation. The two phrases compare the greatness of God’s reputation with how greatly people praise him. Alternate translation: “Your name is very great … and so people throughout the world praise you greatly” or “People all throughout the world have heard of you … so people throughout the world praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1717	PSA	48	10	qf2g	figs-idiom		0	to the ends of the earth	This is an idiomatic expression that means everywhere in the word. See how you translated this in [Psalms 46:9](../046/009.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1718	PSA	48	10	w3p6	figs-metaphor		0	your right hand is full of righteousness	The writer speaks of righteousness as if it were an object that God could hold in his hand. Here the word “hand” refers to God’s power and authority to rule. Alternate translation: “you rule with righteousness” or “you are righteous as you rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1719	PSA	48	11	w7c2	figs-personification		0	Let Mount Zion be glad	The writer speaks of Mount Zion as if it were a person who could be glad. The phrase refers to the people who live in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Let those who live on Mount Zion be glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1720	PSA	48	11	csq8	figs-metaphor		0	let the daughters of Judah rejoice	The writer speaks of the towns in Judah as if they were Judah’s children. The phrase refers to the people who live in those towns. Alternate translation: “let the people who live in the cities of Judah rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1721	PSA	48	12	r196	figs-parallelism		0	Walk around Mount Zion, go round about her	These two phrases are parallel. Alternate translation: “Walk all the way around Mount Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1722	PSA	48	13	d5xm			0	notice well	Alternate translation: “notice in detail”
1723	PSA	48	14	wub8	figs-abstractnouns		0	he will be our guide	The word “guide” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he will guide us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1724	PSA	48	14	rmz8			0	to death	This could mean: (1) “until we die” or (2) “forever.”
1725	PSA	49	intro	r9r3			0		# Psalm 049 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 49 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Riches<br>Riches do not last forever. They cannot save a person from death, and they cannot be taken from a person at death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
1726	PSA	49	1	wm6j	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1727	PSA	49	1	f4gj			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
1728	PSA	49	1	a8dr	figs-parallelism		0	Hear this, all you peoples; give ear, all you inhabitants	These two phrases are parallel. Together they strengthen the command for all people to listen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1729	PSA	49	1	ski6	figs-idiom		0	give ear	This idiomatic expression means to use one’s ears to listen. Alternate translation: “listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1730	PSA	49	2	f6b7	figs-metaphor		0	both low and high	The writer speaks of people who are weak or insignificant in society as being low and of people who are important and powerful as being high. Together, the words “low” and “high” represent all people. Alternate translation: “both important people and unimportant people” or “people of every social class” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1731	PSA	49	2	cq6d	figs-merism		0	rich and poor together	Together the words “rich” and “poor” refer to all people, regardless of wealth. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1732	PSA	49	3	r7z1	figs-synecdoche		0	My mouth will speak wisdom	Here the word “mouth” refers to the whole person who speaks. Alternate translation: “I will speak wise words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1733	PSA	49	3	hx37	figs-metonymy		0	the meditation of my heart will be of understanding	Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. The abstract nouns “meditation” and “understanding” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “the thoughts upon which I meditate will help you to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1734	PSA	49	4	wva9	figs-metaphor		0	incline my ear	The writer speaks of listening carefully to something as if it were bending one’s ear towards the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1735	PSA	49	4	ge9u			0	with the harp	Alternate translation: “as I play the harp”
1736	PSA	49	5	yhr6	figs-rquestion		0	Why should I fear … heels?	The writer asks this question to emphasize that he has no reason to fear when bad things happen. Alternate translation: “I have no reason to fear … heels.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1737	PSA	49	5	vu7z			0	the days of evil	“when evil things happen.” Here the word “days” refers to general periods of time.
1738	PSA	49	5	ug31	figs-metaphor		0	when iniquity surrounds me at my heels	This could mean: (1) the writer speaks of the evil desires of his enemies as if it were a predator ready to overtake him. Alternate translation: “when the iniquity of sinful men is ready to overcome me” or (2) the writer’s enemies surround him as they commit their iniquity. Alternate translation: “when my enemies surround me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1739	PSA	49	6	z2gn	figs-explicit		0	those who trust in their wealth	These people trust their wealth will keep them from having to suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1740	PSA	49	6	w369			0	about the amount of their riches	a large amount of something
1741	PSA	49	7	mmh3			0	It is certain that no one	Alternate translation: “There is no way that any of them can” or “No one can”
1742	PSA	49	7	cj1n	figs-explicit		0	no one can redeem his brother or give God a ransom for him	Both of these phrases express that a person cannot give God enough money to be able to avoid death. Alternate translation: “no one can pay money to God so that their brother will not die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1743	PSA	49	8	n5rb	figs-abstractnouns		0	the redemption of one’s life is costly	The word “redemption” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “it costs too much to redeem a person’s life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1744	PSA	49	9	nw4t			0	so that his body should not decay	This refers to the body decomposing in the grave.
1745	PSA	49	10	q1ib	figs-metaphor		0	he will see decay	The writer speaks of experiencing something as if it were seeing that thing. Alternate translation: “he will die and his body will decay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1746	PSA	49	10	v4i4	figs-merism		0	Wise men die; the fool and the brute alike perish	The author refers to all people by referring to those who have the most and least wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1747	PSA	49	10	vpc1			0	brute	This means a person who is stupid or unintelligent.
1748	PSA	49	11	lu71			0	Their inner thought	Alternate translation: “Their belief”
1749	PSA	49	11	brb9	figs-ellipsis		0	the places where they live, to all generations	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “the places where they live will continue to all generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1750	PSA	49	11	zu1i	figs-idiom		0	they call their lands after their own names	“they name their lands after themselves.” This phrase expresses ownership. Alternate translation: “they own their own lands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1751	PSA	49	12	ma8l			0	But man, having wealth	Alternate translation: “But man, even if he has wealth”
1752	PSA	49	13	chs8	figs-metaphor		0	This, their way, is their folly	The writer speaks of the fate of fools as if it is the destination at the end of the path on which they walk. Alternate translation: “This is the fate of those who practice folly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1753	PSA	49	13	aze6			0	yet after them	Alternate translation: “yet after they die”
1754	PSA	49	14	yp7j	figs-simile		0	Like sheep	The writer compares people who will all die to a flock of sheep. Just as sheep cannot escape when the butcher decides to slaughter them, so men will not escape when it is their time to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1755	PSA	49	14	le72	figs-activepassive		0	they are appointed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has appointed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1756	PSA	49	14	jp6p	figs-personification		0	death will be their shepherd	The writer speaks of men dying by personifying death as a shepherd who leads them into the grave. Alternate translation: “death will take them away as a shepherd leads away sheep to be slaughtered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1757	PSA	49	14	fu5c	figs-metaphor		0	in the morning	Here the word “morning” is a metaphor that refers to a time when God will vindicate righteous people and save them from evil people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1758	PSA	49	14	xwx2	figs-personification		0	their bodies will be consumed in Sheol	The writer speaks of Sheol, the place of the dead, as if it were a person or animal. He speaks of the decay of dead bodies as if Sheol were eating them. Alternate translation: “their bodies will decompose in the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1759	PSA	49	15	hdm9	figs-personification		0	God will redeem my life from the power of Sheol	The writer speaks of Sheol as if it were a person who has power over those who die. From the context, it is implied that this power refers to consuming the bodies of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1760	PSA	49	15	vf45	figs-synecdoche		0	God will redeem my life	Here the word “life” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “God will redeem me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1761	PSA	49	16	gm8v			0	the glory of his house increases	The word “glory” here refers to wealth or riches. This could mean: (1) “when he gains more wealth in his house” or (2) “when his family becomes richer.”
1762	PSA	49	17	a1l5			0	he will take nothing away	Alternate translation: “he will take nothing with him to the grave”
1763	PSA	49	17	cz54	figs-euphemism		0	his glory will not go down after him	The phrase “go down” refers to when the man dies. Alternate translation: “his glory will not go along with him when he dies” or “he will not keep his reputation when he dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1764	PSA	49	18	eq9c	figs-synecdoche		0	He blessed his soul	Here the word “soul” refers to the whole person. This phrase means that he considered himself to be happy and successful because of his riches. Alternate translation: “He congratulated himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1765	PSA	49	19	hq9g	figs-euphemism		0	he will go to the generation of his fathers	“he will go to where his fathers’ generation is.” This is a euphemism that means that the rich man will die and join his ancestors in the grave. Alternate translation: “he will join his ancestors in the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1766	PSA	49	19	dvh8	figs-metaphor		0	they will never see the light again	The word “they” refers to the rich man and his ancestors. The word “light” may refer to the sun or be a metaphor for life. Alternate translation: “they will never see the sun again” or “they will never live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1767	PSA	50	intro	cbd7			0		# Psalm 050 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 50 is a wisdom psalm. It tells what pleases God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sacrifices<br>God does not need animal sacrifices; he does not eat meat or drink blood. The world and everything in it belong to God. He wants people to be thankful and to depend on him. God rejects evil people who reject his covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
1768	PSA	50	1	v4hj	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	This psalm is a song that teaches people. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1769	PSA	50	1	wpn8			0	The Mighty One, God, Yahweh	The author uses three different names to speak of God.
1770	PSA	50	1	s58x	figs-metonymy		0	called the earth	Here the word “earth” refers to the people who live on the earth. Alternate translation: “called all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1771	PSA	50	1	ycf8	figs-merism		0	from the rising of the sun to its setting	This phrase refers to the directions east, where the sun rises, and west, where the sun sets. The writer uses these two extremes to represent everywhere on earth. Alternate translation: “everywhere on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1772	PSA	50	2	k7vg			0	Zion, the perfection of beauty	This could mean: (1) “Zion, whose beauty is perfect” or (2) “Zion, the most beautiful city.”
1773	PSA	50	2	k22a	figs-metaphor		0	God has shone	The writer speaks of God as if he were a light that shines. This refers to God causing people to know about his glory. Alternate translation: “God’s glory shines like a light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1774	PSA	50	3	ymh5	figs-litotes		0	does not stay silent	The writer uses this negative statement to emphasize the positive. Alternate translation: “speaks so that everyone can hear him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1775	PSA	50	3	m31d	figs-metaphor		0	a fire devours before him	The writer speaks of a fire burning things as if it were eating them. Alternate translation: “a fire burns in front of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1776	PSA	50	3	pw8f			0	it is very stormy around him	Alternate translation: “there is a great storm around him”
1777	PSA	50	4	d22v	figs-metonymy		0	He calls to the heavens above and to the earth	This could mean: (1) God is calling on all who live in heaven and on earth to be witnesses as he judges his people or (2) God is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses as he judges his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1778	PSA	50	6	fxq3	figs-metonymy		0	The heavens will declare	This could mean: (1) the writer uses the word “heavens” to refer to the angels who live there or (2) the writer speaks of “the heavens” as if they are a person who testifies about God’s righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1779	PSA	50	8	ef2a			0	I will not reprove you for your sacrifices	“I will reprove you, but not for your sacrifices.” God explains that their sacrifices are not the reason that he is reproving them.
1780	PSA	50	8	s2pk			0	reprove	tell someone he is guilty of doing wrong
1781	PSA	50	8	m19c	figs-idiom		0	your burnt offerings are always before me	This explains why God is not rebuking them for their sacrifices. The phrase “are always before me” refers to being in God’s presence and means that his people are always sacrificing their burnt offerings to him. Alternate translation: “you are always sacrificing burnt offerings to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1782	PSA	50	9	a3jw			0	folds	areas surrounded by walls in which sheep and goats are kept
1783	PSA	50	10	sbr7	figs-hyperbole		0	the cattle on a thousand hills	The phrase “on a thousand hills” does not represent the total number of cattle that God owns. The number is an exaggeration that emphasizes that God owns all of the cattle in the world. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “all the cattle in the world are mine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1784	PSA	50	10	f9vg	translate-numbers		0	thousand hills	“1,000 hills” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1785	PSA	50	11	dx4m	figs-idiom		0	I know all the birds	Here the word “know” implies ownership. Alternate translation: “I own all the birds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1786	PSA	50	12	gaw2	figs-hypo		0	If I were hungry	This describes something that could not happen, since God does not get hungry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1787	PSA	50	13	ybv9	figs-rquestion		0	Will I eat the flesh of bulls or drink the blood of goats?	God asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not do these things and so has no need for their sacrifices. Alternate translation: “I do not eat the flesh of bulls or drink the blood of goats.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1788	PSA	50	14	tja9	figs-123person		0	Offer to God	Here God refers to himself. Alternate translation: “Offer to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1789	PSA	50	14	hz6p	figs-metaphor		0	pay your vows to the Most High	The writer speaks of “vows” as if they are currency which a person pays to God. Alternate translation: “fulfill your vows to the Most High” or “do what you have promised the Most High to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1790	PSA	50	15	si2v	figs-idiom		0	in the day of trouble	Here the word “day” refers to any period of time. Alternate translation: “whenever you have troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1791	PSA	50	16	ab6c	figs-123person		0	But to the wicked God says	Here God is still speaking and speaks of himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “But to the wicked I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1792	PSA	50	16	ww85	figs-nominaladj		0	to the wicked	The word “wicked” refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “to wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1793	PSA	50	16	mat4	figs-metaphor		0	have taken my covenant in your mouth	God speaks of wicked people reciting the words of his covenant as if they are putting the covenant in their mouth. Alternate translation: “talk about my covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1794	PSA	50	17	zuf2	figs-rquestion		0	since you hate instruction and throw my words away	This is the end of the rhetorical question begun with the words “What have you to do” ([Psalms 50:16](../050/016.md)). God uses this question to rebuke wicked people. This question can be turned into a statement: “It is not right for you to declare my statutes and my covenant, since you hate instruction and throw my words away.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1795	PSA	50	17	l69z	figs-metaphor		0	throw my words away	God speaks of the wicked people rejecting what he says as if they were throwing away trash. Alternate translation: “reject what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1796	PSA	50	18	v2nw	figs-idiom		0	you agree with him	This could mean: (1) that they approve of the thief’s actions. Alternate translation: “you approve or him” or (2) that they join the thief in their actions. Alternate translation: “you join him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1797	PSA	50	19	p5te	figs-metaphor		0	You give your mouth to evil	God speaks of a person speaking evil things as if that person’s mouth is a messenger whom the person sends to do evil things. Alternate translation: “You are always saying evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1798	PSA	50	19	eu22	figs-synecdoche		0	your tongue expresses deceit	The word “tongue” represents the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “you are always telling lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1799	PSA	50	20	zjx3	figs-parallelism		0	You sit and speak against your brother; you slander your own mother’s son	These two phrases have the same meaning but use different words. God accuses them of speaking falsely against members of their own family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1800	PSA	50	20	ea7a	figs-idiom		0	You sit and speak	To “sit and speak” against someone implies that this person deliberately thinks of bad things to say about someone. Alternate translation: “You always think of ways to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1801	PSA	50	21	br29	figs-explicit		0	you thought that I was someone just like yourself	Since God had kept silent and not yet rebuked the wicked people for their actions, they thought that God approved of what they did. Alternate translation: “you thought that I was someone who acts just like you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1802	PSA	50	21	w99y			0	reprove	tell someone he is guilty of doing wrong
1803	PSA	50	21	j3hc	figs-idiom		0	bring up … all the things you have done	God speaks of listing all of the evil things that they have done. Alternate translation: “list … all the things you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1804	PSA	50	21	pf7h	figs-idiom		0	right before your eyes	Here, to be “before your eyes” means that it is in a place where they can see. This means that they will not be able to deny the charges that God brings against them. Alternate translation: “right in front of you” or “so that you can not deny them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1805	PSA	50	22	jz7u	figs-metaphor		0	you who forget God	God speaks of the wicked rejecting him as if they have forgotten him. He speaks of himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “you who reject me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1806	PSA	50	22	ql5f	figs-metaphor		0	I will tear you to pieces	God speaks of destroying the wicked as if he were a lion eating its prey. Alternate translation: “I will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1807	PSA	50	23	u8xr	figs-metaphor		0	plans his path in the right way	God speaks of a the way a person lives as if it were a path that the person travels. Alternate translation: “lives his life the right way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1808	PSA	50	23	u5xv	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will show God’s salvation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “save.” God refers to himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “I will save him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1809	PSA	51	intro	uij8			0		# Psalm 051 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 51 is a psalm of repentance from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Repentance<br>The psalmist is truly sorry for having sinned. He repented and God forgave his sins. God wants true sorrow for having sinned, not sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/true]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]])<br><br>### Author of Psalm<br>Scholars are divided over whether this psalm was authored by King David as is mentioned by the superscription. If nothing else, we can assume the last two verses were added later since Jerusalem is intact with well-built walls during King David’s reign.
1810	PSA	51	1	v8pw	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. In this psalm David asks God for forgiveness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1811	PSA	51	1	rl6b			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1812	PSA	51	1	ia5j			0	A psalm of David	This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
1813	PSA	51	1	sf45	figs-explicit		0	when Nathan the prophet came to him	It can be stated clearly what Nathan did when he came to David, because this psalm is in response to that. Alternate translation: “when Nathan the prophet came to David and rebuked him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1814	PSA	51	1	dlr2	figs-abstractnouns		0	because of your covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1815	PSA	51	1	pm2w			0	for the sake of the multitude of your merciful actions	Alternate translation: “because you do so many merciful things”
1816	PSA	51	1	jan2	figs-metaphor		0	blot out my transgressions	Forgiving sins is spoken of as either: (1) blotting them out or (2) erasing a written record of the sins. Alternate translation: “forgive my sins like someone wiping something away” or “forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1817	PSA	51	2	rtj9	figs-parallelism		0	Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity … cleanse me from my sin	These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1818	PSA	51	2	q5ks	figs-metaphor		0	Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity	Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. Alternate translation: “Wash away all my sin” or “Forgive all my sins so that I will be acceptable to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1819	PSA	51	2	h3by			0	thoroughly	completely, totally
1820	PSA	51	2	ja25	figs-metaphor		0	cleanse me from my sin	Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. Alternate translation: “Make me clean from my sin” or “forgive me for my sin so that I will be clean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1821	PSA	51	3	qpz2	figs-metaphor		0	my sin is always before me	Not being able to forget his sins is spoken of as if they were always in front of him where he can see them. Alternate translation: “I am always aware of my sins” or “I cannot forget my sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1822	PSA	51	4	t9px	figs-metaphor		0	what is evil in your sight	The word “sight” here represents judgment. Yahweh saw and did not approve of David’s actions. Alternate translation: “what you judge to be evil” or “what you consider to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1823	PSA	51	5	j8f9	figs-metaphor		0	I was born in iniquity	Being a sinner is spoken of as being in iniquity. Alternate translation: “I was already a sinner when I was born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1824	PSA	51	5	i2cz	figs-metaphor		0	as soon as my mother conceived me, I was in sin	Being a sinner is spoken of as being in sin. Alternate translation: “even when my mother conceived me, I was a sinner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1825	PSA	51	6	w9f4			0	See, you desire trustworthiness	The use of “See” here draw our attention to the contrast between this sentence and “See, I was born in iniquity” (verse 5). “Truly I was born in iniquity … But you desire trustworthiness”
1826	PSA	51	6	kqg1	figs-metonymy		0	you desire trustworthiness in my inner self	The **inner self** represents either: (1) the person’s desires or (2) the whole person. Alternate translation: “you want me to desire trustworthiness” or “you want me to be trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1827	PSA	51	7	fc52	figs-metaphor		0	Purify me … I will be clean … wash me … I will be whiter than snow	Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean or white. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1828	PSA	51	7	v7q2	figs-metaphor		0	Purify me with hyssop	The writer speaks of God as if God were a priest who would sprinkle water on him to make him acceptable to God. Alternate translation: “Make me acceptable by sprinkling water on me with hyssop” or “Forgive me for my sins so that I will be acceptable to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1829	PSA	51	7	im87	translate-unknown		0	hyssop	This is a plant that the priests used to sprinkle water or blood on people or things to make them ceremonially clean, that is, acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1830	PSA	51	7	l5n6	figs-simile		0	whiter than snow	Not having sin is spoken of as being white. Alternate translation: “very, very white” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1831	PSA	51	8	g7v8	figs-doublet		0	joy and gladness	These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize his desire to hear joyful things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1832	PSA	51	8	p4ef	figs-metaphor		0	so that the bones that you have broken may rejoice	Feeling terrible sadness is spoken of as if his bones were broken. Alternate translation: “for you have caused me terrible sadness in my inner being. Let me rejoice again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1833	PSA	51	9	gs6c	figs-metaphor		0	Hide your face from my sins	Thinking about someone’s sins is spoken of as seeing them. Forgiving or refusing to think about the sins is spoken of as choosing not to see them. Alternate translation: “Do not look at my sins” or “Do not remember my sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1834	PSA	51	9	b3jc	figs-metaphor		0	blot out all my iniquities	Here, forgiving or refusing to think about someone’s sins could mean: (1) blotting them out or (2) erasing a written record of the sins. Alternate translation: (1) “forgive my sins like someone wiping something away” or (2) “forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1835	PSA	51	10	q6ng	figs-metonymy		0	Create in me a clean heart	Here the “heart” represents the feelings and desires. Being completely devoted and obedient to God is spoken of as having a clean heart. Alternate translation: “Make me completely devoted to you” or “Make me want to obey you always” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1836	PSA	51	10	bn5a	figs-metonymy		0	renew a right spirit within me	Here “spirit” represents the attitude and desires of a David. Alternate translation: “make my attitude right” or “make me always want to do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1837	PSA	51	11	v6gj	figs-metaphor		0	Do not drive me away from your presence	“Do not force me to go away from you.” Being rejected by God is spoken of as being forced to go away from him. Alternate translation: “Do not reject me as one of your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1838	PSA	51	12	t5fh			0	sustain me	Alternate translation: “hold me up” or “assist me”
1839	PSA	51	13	az4f			0	your ways	Alternate translation: “the way you want people to live” or “what you want people to do”
1840	PSA	51	13	tzw4			0	transgressors … sinners	These two words refer to the same people here.
1841	PSA	51	14	i5mg	figs-metonymy		0	shedding blood	This phrase refers to killing another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1842	PSA	51	15	mb7z	figs-synecdoche		0	Lord, open my lips, and my mouth will express your praise	Here the person is represented by his “mouth.” Being able to talk is spoken of as the lips being open. Here not being able to speak is a symbol of being guilty of sin and not being able to make a defense. Alternate translation: “Lord, make me able to speak, and I will praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1843	PSA	51	16	rlr8	figs-explicit		0	you do not delight in sacrifice … you have no pleasure in burnt offerings	This means that God wants something more important than these things. Alternate translation: “A sacrifice is not enough to please you … you want something more than burn offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1844	PSA	51	17	ib5d			0	The sacrifices of God	Alternate translation: “The sacrifices that please God”
1845	PSA	51	17	e3fd	figs-metaphor		0	a broken spirit	A broken spirit represents a humble attitude. Alternate translation: “humility” or “a person who becomes humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1846	PSA	51	17	r49l	figs-metonymy		0	a broken and a contrite heart	Being humble and sorry for one’s sin is spoken of as having a broken and contrite heart. The heart represents the emotions and will. Alternate translation: “sorrow and humility” or “a person who is sorry for his sin and humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1847	PSA	51	18	sl4i	figs-metaphor		0	rebuild the walls of Jerusalem	The walls of a city protect the city and the people in it. This could mean: (1) “enable us to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem” or (2) “protect Jerusalem and make it strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1848	PSA	51	19	qe3h			0	our people will offer bulls on your altar	A bull is an adult male cow. Bulls were often used as sacrificial animals, according to God’s instruction.
1849	PSA	52	intro	gx5r			0		# Psalm 052 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 52 is a wisdom psalm. It teaches that God will destroy evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Evil people<br>Although the evil people feel secure with their wealth and evil deeds, God will destroy them. But people who do good are secure because God protects them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])<br><br>### Superscription<br>This psalm is called “a Maschil of David.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
1850	PSA	52	1	xe8m	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	In this psalm the word “you” refers to Doeg. When Saul wanted to kill David, Doeg told Saul where David was so that Saul could find him. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1851	PSA	52	1	eve8			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1852	PSA	52	1	px5f			0	A maschil	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md).
1853	PSA	52	1	iv91	translate-names		0	Doeg … Ahimelech	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1854	PSA	52	1	gv61	figs-rquestion		0	Why are you proud of making trouble, you mighty man?	This question shows how angry David was at the one who made trouble. Alternate translation: “You should not be so proud of making trouble, you mighty man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1855	PSA	52	1	tc43	figs-irony		0	you mighty man	David may have been using irony when he called Doeg this. Alternate translation: “you, who think you are so mighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1856	PSA	52	1	u3iv	figs-metaphor		0	The covenant faithfulness of God comes every day	David speaks of God’s covenant faithfulness as if it were something that could come. David was probably referring to God’s promises to protect his people from wicked people. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective or an adverb. Alternate translation: “Every day, God is faithful to keep the promises of his covenant” or “Every day, God faithfully protects his people from wicked people like you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1857	PSA	52	2	yc5s			0	a sharp razor	a sharp blade
1858	PSA	52	2	hlt7	figs-simile		0	Your tongue plans destruction like a sharp razor, working deceitfully	Here the tongue is compared to a sharp razor which is capable of causing great harm. Alternate translation: “Your tongue harms people like a sharp razor does, when you plan destruction and deceive others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1859	PSA	52	2	mc21	figs-synecdoche		0	Your tongue	Here “your tongue” refers to the person David is speaking to. Alternate translation: “You” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1860	PSA	52	3	n4c1			0	Connecting Statement:	David continues speaking to the “mighty man” of [Psalms 5:1](../005/001.md)
1861	PSA	52	3	u7f1			0	lying rather than speaking righteousness	Alternate translation: “you love lying more than speaking what is right”
1862	PSA	52	4	c8a7	figs-metaphor		0	words that devour others	Here words that harm others are spoken of as if they were animals that devour people. Alternate translation: “words that harm others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1863	PSA	52	4	brj2	figs-synecdoche		0	you deceitful tongue	This refers to the person the author is speaking to. Alternate translation: “you speaker of deceit” or “you liar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1864	PSA	52	5	b3i7	figs-parallelism		0	take you up … pluck you … root you	All three of these phrases are different ways of saying “remove you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1865	PSA	52	5	r2bt	figs-metaphor		0	root you out of the land of the living	Being alive on earth is spoken of as if people are plants with roots in the ground. God killing someone is spoken of as digging up the plant’s roots and taking it out of the ground. Alternate translation: “he will take you out the land of the living” or “He will kill you so that you will no longer be on earth with living people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1866	PSA	52	5	cdy6	translate-transliterate		0	Selah	This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
1867	PSA	52	6	mke5			0	The righteous will also see it and fear	Alternate translation: “The righteous will also see God remove him and they will fear”
1868	PSA	52	7	edv2			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1869	PSA	52	7	qv2z	figs-metonymy		0	did not make God his refuge	Here “refuge” represents a protector. Alternate translation: “did not make God his protector” or “did not ask God to protect him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1870	PSA	52	8	u1wy			0	a green olive tree	Green olive trees are strong and secure. They do not fall over.
1871	PSA	52	8	e2xz	figs-simile		0	I am like a green olive tree in God’s house	Being safe and secure is spoken of as being like a strong tree. Alternate translation: “I am strong in God’s house, like a green olive tree” or “Because I worship in God’s house, I am secure like a green olive tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1872	PSA	52	8	ydi4			0	in God’s house	This refers to God’s temple.
1873	PSA	52	8	bgx6	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will trust in the covenant faithfulness of God forever and ever	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I will trust in God forever and ever because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1874	PSA	52	9	cj6z	figs-metonymy		0	I will wait for your name, because it is good	God’s name represents God himself. Waiting for God represents waiting for God to help him. Alternate translation: “I will wait for you, because you are good” or “I will wait for you to help me, because you are good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1875	PSA	53	intro	u3hp			0		# Psalm 053 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 53 is a wisdom psalm. It warns people who do evil that God will judge them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### God’s watching mankind<br>God looks down from heaven and sees that all humans are evil and corrupt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])<br><br>### Superscription<br>This psalm is called “a Maschil of David.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
1876	PSA	53	1	btc5	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1877	PSA	53	1	kkk8			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
1878	PSA	53	1	a9tq	translate-transliterate		0	set to Mahalath	This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
1879	PSA	53	1	c5we			0	A maschil	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md).
1880	PSA	53	2	cmh4			0	the children of mankind	This refers to all people.
1881	PSA	53	2	dy8r	figs-metaphor		0	who seek after him	Seeking God as a person would look for someone is spoken of as “seeking” God. This could mean: (1) wanting to know God. Alternate translation: “who want to know him” or (2) worshiping God. Alternate translation: “who worship him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1882	PSA	53	3	ki3t	figs-metaphor		0	They have all turned away	Rejecting God and what is right is spoken of as turning away. Alternate translation: “They have all turned away from doing what is right” or “They have all rejected God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1883	PSA	53	4	l2u4	figs-rquestion		0	Do those who commit iniquity have no understanding—those … God?	This question is used to show the shock that the writer feels because the people are so sinful. It can be written as two statements. “Those who commit iniquity act as though they do not know anything. They devour my people as if they were eating bread, and they do not call on God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1884	PSA	53	4	l75m	figs-metaphor		0	those who devour my people as if they were eating bread	Destroying people is spoken of as devouring them. Doing it as if they were eating bread implies that they did it very easily or without feeling guilty about it. Alternate translation: “those who destroy my people as freely as if they were eating bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1885	PSA	53	5	q6fe	figs-metonymy		0	God will scatter the bones of whoever will camp against you	Scattering people’s bones represents killing them and allowing their bones to remain wherever they have died and not be buried properly. “God will completely destroy whoever will camp against you, and their bones will lie scattered on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1886	PSA	53	5	pl76	figs-metonymy		0	whoever will camp against you	Camping against people represents attacking them. Enemy armies would travel and set up camps to live in temporarily near the people they wanted to attack. Alternate translation: “whoever will attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1887	PSA	53	6	mle3	figs-exclamations		0	Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come	The word “Oh” here introduces an exclamation that expresses a hope or prayer. Alternate translation: “I hope that the salvation of Israel will come” or “I pray that the salvation of will come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
1888	PSA	53	6	awk5	figs-metonymy		0	the salvation of Israel would come from Zion	The salvation represents God, the savior, whose temple is in Zion. Alternate translation: “the savior of Israel would come from Zion” or “God would come from Zion and save Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1889	PSA	53	6	hj3c			0	When God brings back his people from the captivity	Alternate translation: “When God saves his captive people”
1890	PSA	53	6	fw2j	figs-parallelism		0	Jacob will rejoice and Israel will be glad!	These two phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1891	PSA	53	6	xbm3	figs-metonymy		0	Jacob	Here “Jacob” refers to the descendants of Jacob, the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1892	PSA	54	intro	vvf3			0		# Psalm 054 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 54 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Rescue<br>Evil people want to kill David; but God has rescued him in the past and he trusts God to rescue him again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>### Superscription<br>This psalm is called “a Maschil of David.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
1893	PSA	54	1	fa4h	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	This psalm is a prayer for help. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1894	PSA	54	1	s1kh			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
1895	PSA	54	1	nwg2			0	on stringed instruments	Alternate translation: “people should play stringed instruments with this song”
1896	PSA	54	1	w9pi			0	A maschil	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md)
1897	PSA	54	1	ql33	translate-names		0	Ziphites	people from the city of Ziph in the Judean mountains, southeast of Hebron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1898	PSA	54	1	db2i	figs-metonymy		0	Save me, God, by your name	Here God’s name represents his character. It may represent specifically his power or his justice. Alternate translation: “Save me, God, by your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1899	PSA	54	1	jb6d	figs-metonymy		0	judge me in your might	Judging David here represents showing people that David is not guilty. When God uses his might to save David, people will know that God has judged him as not guilty. Alternate translation: “In your might, show people that I am not guilty” or “Show people that I am not guilty by using your power to rescue me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1900	PSA	54	2	r9er	figs-metonymy		0	give ear to the words	Giving one’s ear represents listening. Alternate translation: “listen to the words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1901	PSA	54	2	mc9y	figs-synecdoche		0	the words of my mouth	Here the speaker is represented by his mouth. Alternate translation: “my words” or “what I am saying to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1902	PSA	54	3	u6zz	figs-metonymy		0	have risen up against me	Rising up against someone represents preparing to attack him or actually attacking him. Alternate translation: “have prepared to attack me” or “are attacking me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1903	PSA	54	3	n85b			0	pitiless men	Alternate translation: “men who have no mercy”
1904	PSA	54	3	uub9	figs-metonymy		0	have sought after my life	Seeking after someone’s life represents trying to kill him. Alternate translation: “have tried to kill me” or “want to kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1905	PSA	54	3	qx9n	figs-metonymy		0	they have not set God before them	Setting God before them represents paying attention to God. Alternate translation: “they do not pay attention to God” or “they ignore God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1906	PSA	54	4	f6wz	figs-metaphor		0	who upholds me	Defending David and keeping him safe is spoken of as upholding or supporting him. Alternate translation: “who defends me” or “who keeps me safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1907	PSA	54	5	gch4	figs-metaphor		0	He will repay my enemies with evil	Punishment is spoken as if it were payment. Alternate translation: “He will do the evil to my enemies that they have done to me” or “He will cause the evil that my enemies have done to me to be done to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1908	PSA	54	5	y135			0	in your faithfulness, destroy them	Here David changes from talking about God to talking to God. Alternate translation: “God, destroy them because you are faithful to me”
1909	PSA	54	6	kq3s	figs-synecdoche		0	I will give thanks to your name, Yahweh, for it is good	Yahweh’s name represents him. Alternate translation: “I will give thanks to you, Yahweh, for you are good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1910	PSA	54	7	q8mm	figs-synecdoche		0	my eye has looked	The eye represents the person. Alternate translation: “I have looked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1911	PSA	54	7	z3ih	figs-metonymy		0	my eye has looked in triumph on my enemies	This could mean: (1) seeing that his enemies have been defeated. Alternate translation: “I have seen that my enemies have been defeated” or (2) defeating his enemies. Alternate translation: “I have defeated my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1912	PSA	55	intro	fx5e			0		# Psalm 055 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 55 is a deliverance psalm. The psalmist is praying that God will deliver him from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Betrayal<br>The author wishes he could get far away from his enemies after his best friend betrayed him. He asks God to completely destroy his enemies. He is trusting God to save him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br><br>### Superscription<br>This psalm is called “a Maschil of David.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
1913	PSA	55	1	gsm2	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1914	PSA	55	1	v48i			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
1915	PSA	55	1	y5nc			0	on stringed instruments	Alternate translation: “people should play stringed instruments with this song”
1916	PSA	55	1	lzt7			0	A maschil	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md)
1917	PSA	55	1	v59z	figs-metonymy		0	Give ear to my prayer	Giving one’s ear represents listening. Alternate translation: “Listen to my prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1918	PSA	55	1	v8bq	figs-metaphor		0	do not hide yourself from my plea	Refusing to pay attention to his plea is spoken of as hiding himself from it. Alternate translation: “do not ignore my plea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1919	PSA	55	3	ag8m	figs-metonymy		0	because of the voice of my enemies	Here “voice” represents what they say. Alternate translation: “because of what my enemies say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1920	PSA	55	3	iqu1	figs-metaphor		0	they bring trouble on me	Causing trouble is spoken of as bringing trouble. Alternate translation: “they cause me to have great troubles” or “they do wicked things to me and so I suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1921	PSA	55	4	z3pk	figs-metonymy		0	My heart trembles within me	Here, “heart trembles” refers to his emotional pain and suffering. This suffering is because of fear. Alternate translation: “I am suffering because I am so afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1922	PSA	55	4	jr4q	figs-metaphor		0	the terrors of death have fallen on me	Becoming very afraid, or terrified, is spoken of as if terror is a thing that falls on a person. Alternate translation: “I am very much afraid that I will die” or “I am terrified that I will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1923	PSA	55	5	spg6	figs-metaphor		0	Fearfulness and trembling have come on me	Becoming fearful and trembling is spoken of as if fearfulness and trembling are things that come on a person. Alternate translation: “I have become very fearful and I tremble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1924	PSA	55	5	lr6z	figs-metaphor		0	horror has overwhelmed me	Feeling horror is spoken of as if horror were a thing that can cover people. Alternate translation: “I feel terrible horror” or “I am extremely afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1925	PSA	55	6	xih1	figs-exclamations		0	Oh, if only I had wings like a dove!	This exclamation expresses something the writer wishes for very much. Alternate translation: “I wish very much that I had wings like a dove” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
1926	PSA	55	6	dd1u			0	Then would I fly away	Alternate translation: “If I did have wings, I would fly away”
1927	PSA	55	7	kwx9			0	See, then I would wander	Alternate translation: “I would do that and more: I would wander”
1928	PSA	55	8	kzu3			0	General Information:	The writer finishes telling about what he had said.
1929	PSA	55	8	v8vq			0	tempest	a strong storm
1930	PSA	55	9	rlv7	figs-metaphor		0	Devour them	Destroying something is spoken of as eating all of it. Possible meanings are “Destroy my enemies’ plans” or “Destroy my enemies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1931	PSA	55	9	xsb3	figs-metonymy		0	confuse their language	“Language” here represents what the people were saying to each other, and probably refers specifically to them talking about plans to do evil. Confusing it represents making the people unable to understand each other. Alternate translation: “confuse them when they speak to each other” or “confuse their plans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1932	PSA	55	10	adq2	figs-personification		0	they go about on its walls	“violence and strife go about on her walls” ([Psalms 55:9](../055/009.md)). Violence and strife are spoken of as if they were people. This can be expressed by telling about the people who cause violence and strife. Alternate translation: “people walk about on the city’s walls, being violent and fighting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1933	PSA	55	10	mjb4			0	on its walls	“along the tops of the city walls.” Cities had thick walls around them to protect them from enemies. People could walk along the tops of the walls to see if any enemies were coming to the city.
1934	PSA	55	10	wnf2	figs-personification		0	wickedness and trouble are in the middle of it	Wickedness and trouble are spoken of as if they were people. This can be expressed by telling about the people who do wickedness and trouble. Alternate translation: “people do wickedness and cause trouble in the middle of the city” or “people do sinful things and cause trouble in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1935	PSA	55	11	r85i	figs-personification		0	Wickedness is in the middle of it	Wickedness is spoken of as if it were a person. This can be expressed by telling about the people who do wicked things. Alternate translation: “People do wicked things in the middle of the city” or “people destroy things in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1936	PSA	55	11	c726	figs-personification		0	oppression and deceit do not leave its streets	Oppression and deceit are spoken of as if they were people. This can be expressed by telling about the people who oppress and deceive others. Alternate translation: “People oppress and deceive others in the city streets, and they do not leave” or “People are always oppressing and deceiving others in the city streets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1937	PSA	55	11	av8t			0	its streets	This may refer to the marketplaces in the city.
1938	PSA	55	12	fkh4	figs-metaphor		0	I could have borne it	Tolerating or enduring a rebuke is spoken of as bearing or carrying it. Alternate translation: “I could have tolerated the rebuke” or “I would not be so sad about the rebuke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1939	PSA	55	12	sl4f	figs-metaphor		0	raised himself up against me	Being proud of oneself and insulting another is spoken of as raising oneself up against another. Alternate translation: “insulted me” or “despised me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1940	PSA	55	13	q1xj	figs-apostrophe		0	But it was you	The psalmist speaks as though the person who had rebuked and taunted him were there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
1941	PSA	55	13	h4d4			0	myself, my companion and my close friend	This can be divided and a new sentence begun. Alternate translation: “myself. You were my companion and my close friend”
1942	PSA	55	14	uy9r			0	We	The word “we” refers to the psalmist and his friend.
1943	PSA	55	14	jnv2			0	with the throng	This could mean: (1) “together” or (2) “with the crowd.”
1944	PSA	55	15	a7kh	figs-personification		0	Let death come suddenly on them	Death is spoken of as if it were a person that could attack people. Alternate translation: “Let my enemies die suddenly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1945	PSA	55	15	v19n	figs-metaphor		0	let them go down alive to Sheol	Dying suddenly is spoken of as if people were to go to Sheol so fast that they do not even die first. Alternate translation: “let them suddenly go to Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1946	PSA	55	15	wv2z	figs-metaphor		0	wickedness is where they live	Wickedness is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be in a certain place. The habitual wickedness of his enemies is spoken of as if wickedness were with them or near them. Alternate translation: “they always do wicked things where they live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1947	PSA	55	15	ngt3	figs-metaphor		0	right among them	This phrase intensifies the idea of wickedness being very near them. Here wickedness is spoken of as being not only in their homes, but right where they are. Alternate translation: “They always do wicked things wherever they are” or “wherever they are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1948	PSA	55	16	v37m			0	As for me	This phrase shows that the writer has stopped talking about one thing and is now about to talk about himself. Alternate translation: “But I”
1949	PSA	55	17	wtr4			0	moan	the sound people and animals make when they are in pain
1950	PSA	55	17	jq8f	figs-synecdoche		0	he will hear my voice	Here, **voice** represents either: (1) the psalmist or (2) the psalmist’s complaints and moans. Alternate translation: “he will hear me” or “he will hear my moaning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1951	PSA	55	18	g4qm	figs-metonymy		0	my life	Here “my life” represents the psalmist. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1952	PSA	55	18	t38c			0	for those who fought against me were many	Alternate translation: “for many people fought against me”
1953	PSA	55	19	hz58			0	will hear them	Some versions say “will hear me.” Alternate translation: “will hear my enemies” or “will hear what my enemies say”
1954	PSA	55	19	tum6	figs-explicit		0	humiliate them	How God will humiliate them can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “will defeat and humiliate them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1955	PSA	55	20	c1lx	figs-metonymy		0	has raised his hands against those	Raising the hand against people represents attacking them. This may be a metaphor for saying things that put people in danger or cause them trouble. Alternate translation: “has attacked those” or “has betrayed those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1956	PSA	55	21	s648	figs-metonymy		0	His mouth	Someone’s “mouth” represents what he says. Alternate translation: “What my friend said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1957	PSA	55	21	r2m2	figs-simile		0	His mouth was smooth as butter	Speech that is pleasant or nice to hear is spoken of as if it were smooth and easy to swallow. Alternate translation: “What he said was pleasant like smooth butter” or “He said nice things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1958	PSA	55	21	qub5			0	was hostile	Alternate translation: “was mean” or “was hateful”
1959	PSA	55	21	xd9f			0	his words	Alternate translation: “what he said”
1960	PSA	55	21	xz3a	figs-simile		0	his words were softer than oil	People put oil on their skin to make it feel nice, and they put it on wounds to help them heal. Speech that is kind or helpful is spoken of as if it were soft or soothing. Alternate translation: “what he said was kind and soothing like oil” or “he said kind things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1961	PSA	55	21	h4sa	figs-metaphor		0	they were actually drawn swords	Speech that causes people trouble is spoken of as if it were swords that wound people. Alternate translation: “what he said wounded people as drawn swords do” or “what he said caused people trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1962	PSA	55	21	b32u			0	drawn swords	The word “drawn” here means that the swords were pulled out of their covers and ready to be used.
1963	PSA	55	22	r4ww			0	Place your burdens	Here the psalmist is speaking to other godly people.
1964	PSA	55	22	es9t	figs-metaphor		0	Place your burdens on Yahweh	Here troubles are spoken of as if they were burdens that people have to carry. Trusting God to help us when we have troubles is spoken of as putting our burdens on him so that he can carry them for us. Alternate translation: “Give Yahweh your problems” or “Trust God to help you with all your troubles like someone who trusts a stronger person to carry his load” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1965	PSA	55	22	vk43			0	he will sustain you	Taking care of someone or helping someone when he has troubles is spoken of as supporting him. Alternate translation: “he will take care of you” or “he will help you”
1966	PSA	55	22	x43r	figs-metaphor		0	he will never allow a righteous person to totter	A person who is about to be severely harmed by some sort of disaster is spoken of as if he is tottering or swaying and is about to fall down. Alternate translation: “he will not let a righteous person sway and fall down” or “he will not let a righteous person to be destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1967	PSA	55	23	el52			0	But you, God	The author speaks to God now.
1968	PSA	55	23	b5vk			0	the pit of destruction	This probably refers to the grave or hell.
1969	PSA	55	23	u8sz	figs-metonymy		0	will bring the wicked down into the pit of destruction	This represents causing people to die. Alternate translation: “will cause the wicked to die” or “will cause wicked people to die and go to the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1970	PSA	55	23	kab2			0	bloodthirsty and deceitful men	Alternate translation: “people who lie and who want to kill others” or “deceitful murderers”
1971	PSA	55	23	pe8d			0	even half as long as others	Alternate translation: “even half as long as other people live”
1972	PSA	56	intro	h1w3			0		# Psalm 056 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 56 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Fear<br>Although the psalmist’s enemies are trying to harm him, he is not afraid because God is protecting him.<br><br>### Superscription<br>The word “Michtam” is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as “psalm.”
1973	PSA	56	1	xsm1	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1974	PSA	56	1	by4v			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship;”
1975	PSA	56	1	azv1			0	set to Jonath elem rehokim	This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing this psalm. Alternate translation: “Sing this psalm using the tune of ‘Jonath elem rehokim’” or “Sing this using the Jonath elem rehokim style”
1976	PSA	56	1	urm9	translate-unknown		0	Jonath elem rehokim	This may mean “Dove on Distant Oak Trees.” Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
1977	PSA	56	1	y6cg			0	A psalm of David	This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
1978	PSA	56	1	q2la			0	A michtam	The meaning of the word “michtam” is uncertain. You may use the word “psalm” instead. This can be written as: “This is a psalm that David wrote.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md).
1979	PSA	56	1	sz95			0	press their assault	Alternate translation: “come closer and closer in order to attack me”
1980	PSA	56	2	e4w9	figs-metaphor		0	My enemies trample me	The enemies’ fierce attack is spoken of as if they were crushing his body by marching on it. Alternate translation: “My enemies attack me severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1981	PSA	56	3	zht6			0	you	The word “you” refers to God.
1982	PSA	56	4	ggu8	figs-rquestion		0	what can mere man do to me?	Here a question is used to show that the psalmist is not afraid of people, because they cannot seriously harm him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “mere man can do nothing to me!” or “mere man cannot harm me badly!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1983	PSA	56	4	x7n4			0	mere man	“just humans” or “people.” This implies that people are not powerful, but God is powerful.
1984	PSA	56	5	n8j3			0	All the day long	Alternate translation: “All the time”
1985	PSA	56	5	fnl7	figs-metaphor		0	they twist my words	Repeating what someone says but changing it a little so that it means something different is spoken of as twisting their words. Alternate translation: “they say that I said things than I did not say” or “they claim that I said things, but they lie” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1986	PSA	56	5	q7xi			0	all their thoughts are against me for evil	Alternate translation: “they always have evil thoughts against me” or “they always think of evil things to do to me”
1987	PSA	56	6	gh4r	figs-metaphor		0	they mark my steps	Watching what a person does in order to see how to cause him trouble is spoken of as watching his steps, just as someone who wants to capture a person watches where that person walks. Alternate translation: “they watch everything I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1988	PSA	56	6	u2v9	figs-metonymy		0	just as they have waited for my life	Waiting to kill someone is spoken of as waiting for his life. Alternate translation: “as they wait to kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1989	PSA	56	7	huf5	figs-explicit		0	Do not let them escape doing iniquity	What they might escape can be sued clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not let them escape your punishment for their iniquity” or “Do not let them escape when you punish them for the wicked things they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1990	PSA	56	7	p8t9	figs-metaphor		0	Bring down the peoples	Defeating the enemies is spoken of as bringing them down. Alternate translation: “Defeat the peoples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1991	PSA	56	8	anm7	figs-metaphor		0	You number my wanderings	God’s concern for the psalmist is spoken of as if God counted each time that the psalmist has walked in sadness and with no place to go for comfort. Alternate translation: “You care about all the times that I have been wandering alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1992	PSA	56	8	m8ng	figs-metaphor		0	put my tears into your bottle	God’s concern for the psalmist is spoken of as if God saved the psalmist’s tears in a bottle. The tears represent crying. Alternate translation: “you know how much I have cried and you care about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1993	PSA	56	8	yv3x	figs-metaphor		0	are they not in your book?	God’s concern for the psalmist is spoken of as if he wrote the number of the psalmist’s tears in his book. This question is used to remind God about how greatly he cares for the psalmist. Alternate translation: “you have written about them in your book!” or “you remember my cries!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1994	PSA	56	9	rvm7			0	will turn back	Alternate translation: “will retreat” or “will turn and run away”
1995	PSA	56	9	ui3x	figs-explicit		0	God is for me	This means that God favors him. In this context it implies that God fights against the psalmist’s enemies in order to protect him. Alternate translation: “God is fighting for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1996	PSA	56	11	an7m	figs-rquestion		0	What can anyone do to me?	Here a question is used to show that the psalmist is not afraid of people, because they cannot seriously harm him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “People can do nothing to me!” or “People cannot harm me badly!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1997	PSA	56	12	mw9n	figs-metaphor		0	The duty to fulfill my vows to you is on me	Being obligated to do something is spoken of as if the duty to do something is on a person. Alternate translation: “I must fulfill my vows to you” or “I must do what I promised you I would do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1998	PSA	56	13	y3b3	figs-synecdoche		0	you have kept my feet from falling	The feet here represent the person. Falling here probably represents being killed by his enemies. Alternate translation: “you have kept me from falling” or “you have kept me from being killed by my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1999	PSA	56	13	y78t	figs-metaphor		0	so that I may walk before God	Living and being seen by God is spoken of as walking before God. Alternate translation: “so that I may live in God’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2000	PSA	56	13	npe7	figs-metonymy		0	in the light of the living	Here “the light of the living” probably represents God’s enabling people to live. Alternate translation: “with the life that you give” or “because you enable me to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2001	PSA	57	intro	hv64			0		# Psalm 057 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 57 is a psalm of deliverance. It praises God for the many times he has delivered David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Fear<br>Since God is protecting the psalmist, he has nothing to fear from his enemies.<br><br>### Superscription<br>The word “Michtam” is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as “psalm.”
2002	PSA	57	1	i8s5	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2003	PSA	57	1	ga1f			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
2004	PSA	57	1	s96j			0	set to Al Tashheth	This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. Alternate translation: “sing this psalm using the tune of ‘Al Tashheth’” or “sing this using the Al Tashheth style”
2005	PSA	57	1	yl31	translate-unknown		0	Al Tashheth	This means “Do Not Destroy.” Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
2006	PSA	57	1	g4tb			0	A psalm of David	This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
2007	PSA	57	1	jt8t			0	A michtam	The meaning of the word “michtam” is uncertain. You may use the word “psalm” instead. This can be written as: “This is a psalm that David wrote.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md).
2008	PSA	57	1	wv56	figs-metaphor		0	I take refuge in you	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “I go to you for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2009	PSA	57	1	yn99	figs-metaphor		0	I stay under your wings for protection	The psalmist speaks of God as if he were a mother bird that protects its babies by huddling them under its wings. Alternate translation: “I trust you to protect me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2010	PSA	57	1	s371	figs-abstractnouns		0	until this destruction is over	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destructive.” Alternate translation: “until this destructive storm is over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2011	PSA	57	2	r2mu			0	who does all things for me	This explains why he will cry out to God. It can be translated with “because.” Alternate translation: “because he does all things for me”
2012	PSA	57	3	k9zh	figs-metaphor		0	those who crush me	The enemies’ fierce attack is spoken of as if they were crushing his body by marching on it. Alternate translation: “those who attack me severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2013	PSA	57	3	t1vd	figs-metaphor		0	God will send me his loving kindness and his faithfulness	God’s being kind and faithful is spoken of as if he were sending his kindness and faithful. The abstract nouns “kindness” and “faithfulness” can be stated as “kind” and “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “God will be kind to me and trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2014	PSA	57	4	v2nz	figs-metaphor		0	My life is among lions	The psalmist speaks of his enemies as if they were lions. Alternate translation: “I live among fierce enemies” or “Fierce enemies surround me like lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2015	PSA	57	4	e5fn	figs-metaphor		0	those who are ready to devour me	Destroying is spoken of as devouring or eating something up. Some versions understand the Hebrew text to mean “fiery beasts.” Both images speak of his enemies as if they were wild beasts. Alternate translation: “those who are ready to destroy me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2016	PSA	57	4	j2hr	figs-metaphor		0	people whose teeth are spears and arrows	The enemies’ spears and arrows are spoken of as if they were lions’ teeth. The psalmist continues to speak of his enemies as if they were lions. Alternate translation: “people who kill others with spears and arrows as lions kill with their sharp teeth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2017	PSA	57	4	zdv3	figs-doublet		0	spears and arrows	Since both of these terms are weapons, if your culture knows only one, it is acceptable to use it alone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2018	PSA	57	4	nz7w	figs-metaphor		0	whose tongues are sharp swords	The tongue represents what someone says, and the enemies’ cruel words are spoken of as if they were swords. Alternate translation: “whose cruel words are like sharp swords” or “who cause terrible trouble for me by what they say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2019	PSA	57	5	t2dt	figs-metaphor		0	Be exalted, God, above the heavens	The psalmist is asking God to show that he is exalted. Being exalted above the heavens represents being great. Alternate translation: “God, show that you are exalted above the heavens” or “God, show that you are great in the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2020	PSA	57	5	ij37			0	let your glory be above all the earth	The psalmist is asking God to show his glory. Alternate translation: “show your glory over all the earth”
2021	PSA	57	6	ywr3	figs-metaphor		0	They spread out a net for my feet	His enemies’ plans to capture him are spoken of as if they had spread out a net on the ground to trap him. Alternate translation: “It is as though my enemies have spread a net out to trap me” or “They planned to capture me like people who spread out a net to trap an animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2022	PSA	57	6	pp5u	figs-metaphor		0	They dug a pit in front of me	His enemies’ plans to capture him are spoken of as if they had dug a pit for him to fall into. Alternate translation: “It is as though they dug a pit for me to fall into” or “They planned to capture me like people who dig a hole in the ground to trap an animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2023	PSA	57	6	cj6r	figs-metaphor		0	They themselves have fallen into the middle of it	The harm that came to his enemies when they tried to capture him is spoken of as if they fell into the trap that they had made for him. Alternate translation: “They themselves fell into the pit they had dug for me” or “But they themselves were hurt by what they planned to do to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2024	PSA	57	7	mvj7	figs-metonymy		0	My heart is fixed, God, my heart is fixed	Being confident is spoken of as one’s heart being firm rather than shaken or easily moved. The phrase is repeated to show that he has complete confidence in God and will not change. Alternate translation: “I am completely confident in you, God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2025	PSA	57	7	gt62	figs-explicit		0	I will sing praises	Who he will sing to can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will sing praises to you, God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2026	PSA	57	8	z1em	figs-explicit		0	Wake up, my honored heart	It can be stated clearly that the purpose of waking up is to sing praises to God. Waking up may be a metaphor for starting or preparing to do something. The heart represents the psalmist or his emotions. Alternate translation: “Wake up, my honored heart, to sing praises to God” or “I will prepare my honored heart to sing praises to God” or “I am honored to wake up and sing praises to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2027	PSA	57	8	yl5r	figs-explicit		0	wake up, lute and harp	It can be stated clearly that the purpose of waking up is to sing praises to God. The psalmist speaks as though the lute and harp were people who could wake up to sing praises to God. Alternate translation: “Wake up, lute and harp, and sing praises to God” or “I will play the lute and harp while I sing praises to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2028	PSA	57	8	hr4g	figs-personification		0	I will wake up the dawn	The dawn is spoken of as if it were alive, and getting up before dawn happens is spoken of as waking it up. The purpose of getting up before dawn is to praise God. Alternate translation: “I will get up before dawn” or “I will get up before the sun rises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2029	PSA	57	10	vaa3	figs-parallelism		0	For great is your unfailing love, reaching to the heavens … your faithfulness to the clouds	These two phrases are very similar in meaning. The greatness of God’s unfailing love and the greatness of his faithfulness are spoken of as if they could be measured in distance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2030	PSA	57	10	tna7	figs-metaphor		0	For great is your unfailing love, reaching to the heavens	The greatness of God’s unfailing love is spoken of as if it could be measured in distance. Alternate translation: “Your unfailing love is as great as the distance from the earth to the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2031	PSA	57	10	ywg7	figs-ellipsis		0	your faithfulness to the clouds	The words “great is your” and “reaching” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “great is your faithfulness, reaching to the clouds” or “your faithfulness is as great as the distance from the earth to the clouds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2032	PSA	57	11	yyx8	figs-metaphor		0	Be exalted, God, above the heavens	The psalmist is asking God to show that he is exalted. Being exalted above the heavens represents being great. Alternate translation: “God, show that you are exalted above the heavens” or “God, show that you are great in the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2033	PSA	57	11	n64e			0	may your glory be exalted over all the earth	The psalmist is asking God to show his glory. Alternate translation: “show your glory over all the earth”
2034	PSA	58	intro	dhx6			0		# Psalm 058 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 58 is a deliverance psalm. It asks God for deliverance from the unjust rulers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Deliverance<br>Although the leaders are very evil and unfair, God can deliver his people from their oppression. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])<br><br>### Superscription<br>The word “Michtam” is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as “psalm.”
2035	PSA	58	1	qfv5	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	This psalm is a song about wicked people. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2036	PSA	58	1	d8qb			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
2037	PSA	58	1	zc3z			0	set to Al Tashheth	This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. See how you translated this in [Psalms 57:1](../057/001.md).
2038	PSA	58	1	x97c			0	A psalm of David	This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
2039	PSA	58	1	xu51	figs-rquestion		0	Do you rulers speak righteousness?	The author uses this question to rebuke the rulers because they do not speak righteously. Alternate translation: “You rulers do not say what is right!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2040	PSA	58	1	f3j3	figs-rquestion		0	Do you judge uprightly, you people?	The author uses this question to rebuke the judges who do not judge uprightly. Alternate translation: “You people never judge people uprightly!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2041	PSA	58	2	n278	figs-you		0	you … your	The words “you” and “your” refer to the mighty men who are judges ([Psalm 58:1](../058/001.md)) and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2042	PSA	58	2	c5jn			0	No	The author answers the two questions he had just asked.
2043	PSA	58	2	d1u5	figs-metonymy		0	you commit wickedness in your heart	The heart refers to the people’s thoughts or plans. Alternate translation: “you commit wickedness in your thoughts” or “you think about doing wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2044	PSA	58	2	fc72	figs-metaphor		0	you distribute violence throughout the land with your hands	Doing violence in various places throughout the land is spoken of as distributing or spreading the violence throughout the land, as if violence were some kind of stuff or things. Alternate translation: “you yourselves do violent deeds everywhere in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2045	PSA	58	3	e66x	figs-parallelism		0	The wicked go astray even when they are in the womb … they go astray from birth	This is the same idea expressed in two different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2046	PSA	58	3	d7k2	figs-metaphor		0	they go astray	Doing wrong things is spoken of as if people are walking on a road, and they turn off and go the wrong way. Alternate translation: “they do wrong things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2047	PSA	58	4	mff7	figs-metaphor		0	Their poison is like a snake’s poison	The wicked things people say are spoken of as if they were poison. Alternate translation: “Their wicked words cause trouble as a snake’s poison harms people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2048	PSA	58	4	f4ca	figs-simile		0	they are like a deaf adder that stops up its ears	Wicked people who do not listen to advice or rebukes are spoken of as if they were snakes that do not respond to a charmer’s music. Alternate translation: “they refuse to listen like a deaf adder that stops up its ears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2049	PSA	58	4	tt5a	figs-personification		0	a deaf adder that stops up its ears	An adder that does not respond to a charmer’s music is spoken of as if it could put something in its ears so that it will not hear. Alternate translation: “an adder that does not listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2050	PSA	58	4	w1f7			0	adder	a kind of poisonous snake
2051	PSA	58	5	b6id			0	charmers	people who play or sing music in order to control snakes
2052	PSA	58	5	hi9v	figs-explicit		0	no matter how skillful they are	What the snake charmers were skillful at can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “no matter how skillful the charmers are at controlling snakes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2053	PSA	58	6	ptb3			0	General Information:	The author lists things that he would like God to do to wicked people.
2054	PSA	58	6	x2zu	figs-parallelism		0	Break their teeth … break out the great teeth of the young lions	In both of these phrases, the wicked people are spoken of as if they were lions, and making them powerless to kill people is spoken of as breaking their teeth. Alternate translation: “Take away their power to kill. Make them powerless like young lions whose teeth have been broken and fallen out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2055	PSA	58	7	na9t	figs-metaphor		0	Let them melt away as water that runs off	The wicked people are spoken of as if they were ice or water. No longer existing is spoken of as melting or draining away into the dry ground. Alternate translation: “Make them disappear like water that runs off” or “Make them vanish like ice that melts and drains into the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2056	PSA	58	7	c9dm			0	let them be as though they had no points	Alternate translation: “let their arrows be as though they had no points”
2057	PSA	58	8	hb5w	figs-simile		0	Let them be like a snail that melts and passes away	No longer existing is spoken of as melting and disappearing. Alternate translation: “Let the wicked vanish like a snail that melts and no longer exists” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2058	PSA	58	8	hi5z			0	snail	small animal that the Israelites considered unclean and that looks like it is melting as it moves by sliding over slime it has produced
2059	PSA	58	8	uu2z	figs-simile		0	like the untimely-born child of a woman that never sees the sunlight	Not existing is spoken of as being like a baby that is born dead. Alternate translation: “like a baby who is born too early too live and see the sunlight” or “like a baby that was born dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2060	PSA	58	9	ut8v	figs-metaphor		0	Before your pots can feel the thorn’s burning heat … the green thorns and the burning thorns alike	The wicked are spoken of as if they were thornbush branches, and God’s swift punishment of them is spoken of as if he were to quickly blow them away or sweep them away. Alternate translation: “God will destroy wicked people faster than a whirlwind can blow away thornbush branches that have been put under a cooking pot and lit with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2061	PSA	58	9	khw3	figs-you		0	your	David is speaking to God’s people, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2062	PSA	58	9	ka8t			0	the thorn’s burning heat … the green thorns and the burning thorns	Alternate translation: “the heat from the burning thorn branches … the green thorn branches and the burning thorn branches”
2063	PSA	58	10	wz3e	figs-genericnoun		0	The righteous will rejoice when he sees	The phrase “the righteous” refers to righteous people in general. Alternate translation: “Righteous people will rejoice when they see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
2064	PSA	58	10	gi2k	figs-metaphor		0	he will wash his feet in the blood of the wicked	Getting one’s feet wet by walking on blood is spoken of as washing the feet in blood. Alternate translation: “the righteous will make their feet wet in the blood of the wicked” or “the righteous will march on the blood of the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2065	PSA	58	10	ll57	figs-metaphor		0	he will wash his feet in the blood of the wicked	This exaggeration expresses that a great number of wicked people will die. Alternate translation: “so many wicked people will die that when the righteous march on their blood, it will seem as if they could wash their feet in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2066	PSA	59	intro	zf27			0		# Psalm 059 General Notes<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 59 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Protection<br>The author prays for God to defeat his enemies. God is his protector. Therefore, he will praise God.<br><br>### Superscription<br>The word “Michtam” is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as “psalm.”
2067	PSA	59	1	w4sd	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2068	PSA	59	1	p57e			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
2069	PSA	59	1	me33			0	set to Al Tashheth	This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. See how you translated this in [Psalms 57:1](../057/001.md).
2070	PSA	59	1	il5y			0	A psalm of David	This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
2071	PSA	59	1	ks3t			0	A michtam	The meaning of the word “michtam” is uncertain. You may use the word “psalm” instead. This can be written as: “This is a psalm that David wrote.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md).
2072	PSA	59	1	hk4w	figs-metonymy		0	set me on high	A high place represents a safe place where his enemies cannot reach him. Alternate translation: “put me in a safe place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2073	PSA	59	1	rjh7	figs-metonymy		0	rise up against me	Rising up against someone represents attacking him. Alternate translation: “attack me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2074	PSA	59	2	ica6	figs-idiom		0	bloodthirsty men	The word “bloodthirsty” contains “blood,” which refers to murder and “thirsty,” which refers to desire. Alternate translation: “people who desire to kill” or “people who like to kill people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2075	PSA	59	3	c6a4	figs-idiom		0	they wait in ambush to take my life	David’s enemies are in hiding and are waiting quietly for the time when they can attack him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2076	PSA	59	4	zre5	figs-idiom		0	awake	Deciding to do something and beginning to do it is spoken of as waking up. Alternate translation: “do something” or “take action” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2077	PSA	59	4	b239	figs-explicit		0	and see	What he wants God to see can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “and see what is happening to me” or “and see what they are doing to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2078	PSA	59	5	shi6	figs-idiom		0	arise	Deciding to do something and beginning to do it is spoken of as getting up. Alternate translation: “do something” or “take action” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2079	PSA	59	5	t4a1	figs-metonymy		0	all the nations	The word “nations” here represents the people of the nations that do not honor God. Alternate translation: “the people of all the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2080	PSA	59	6	aej6			0	They return at evening	The word “they” refers to the wicked transgressors.
2081	PSA	59	6	r2ww	figs-simile		0	they howl like dogs	The psalmist speaks of his enemies threatening to attack people as if they were dogs howling, growling, or barking at people. Alternate translation: “they threaten to attack people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2082	PSA	59	6	fcr7	figs-explicit		0	go around the city	Why they go around the city can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “go around the city to attack anyone they find” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2083	PSA	59	7	i5i6			0	See	Here the word “See” is being used to draw attention to something. Alternate translation: “Hear”
2084	PSA	59	7	rh1u	figs-metaphor		0	they belch out with their mouths	Saying terrible things is spoken of as belching. These terrible things may have been insults or threats. Alternate translation: “they say terrible things” or “they shout out terrible words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2085	PSA	59	7	q9fv			0	belch	burp loudly; allow air from the stomach to come out of the mouth with a loud, rude noise
2086	PSA	59	7	vs38	figs-metaphor		0	swords are in their lips	The cruel things that the wicked people were saying are spoken of as if they we

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