richmahn_en_tn/tn_PSA.tsv

1	Reference	ID	Tags	SupportReference	Quote	Occurrence	Note
2	front:intro	rx9u				0	# Introduction to Psalms\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Psalms\n\n1. Book One (Psalms 1-41)\n1. Book Two (Psalms 42-72)\n1. Book Three (Psalms 73-89)\n1. Book Four (Psalms 90-106)\n1. Book Five (Psalms 107-150)\n\n### What is the Book of Psalms?\n\nThe Book of Psalms is a collection of songs. People called psalmists wrote them for different reasons. In some psalms, the psalmists expressed their praise for God. In other psalms, they asked God for help and expressed confidence in his love and power. In others, they confessed their sins and begged for mercy. The Israelites wrote some psalms to ask Yahweh to defeat their enemies. Other psalms celebrated the event of a new king beginning his reign. Psalmists also wrote to praise the city of Jerusalem. They wrote some psalms to instruct people on how to be wise by honoring Yahweh and obeying his law. Also, pilgrims sang some of the psalms while traveling to Jerusalem to worship there. Some psalms became songs of praise in the temple worship of Yahweh.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nTranslators can use the traditional title of this book, “The Book of Psalms” or just “Psalms.” Another title of this book is “Songs of Praise.” Translators may express this meaning in their own languages, or they may choose to use or transliterate the name from another language version if it is well known. For example, the French title “Les Psaumes” might be understood by everyone in a project language, if French is the language of wider communication in the region. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])\n\n### When was the Book of Psalms written?\n\nThe Psalms were written over a long period of time. Moses probably wrote the earliest psalm around 1400 B.C. David and Asaph wrote their psalms between 1020 and 975 B.C. The Korahites may have written their psalms before Jerusalem was destroyed and the Jews were exiled to Babylon in 587 B.C. Psalm 126 appears to come from the period after the exile, which ended in 538 B.C.\n\n### What are the Messianic psalms?\n\nSome psalms are called “Messianic psalms.” New Testament writers considered these psalms to prophesy about the Messiah, Jesus Christ. They cited Psalms 2, 8, 16, 22, 34, 40, 41, 45, 68, 69, 89, 102, 109, 110, and 118 at least one time each in the New Testament.\n\n### What are superscriptions in the Psalms?\n\nMany psalms give some information called superscriptions before the beginning of the psalm. Some of the expressions in the superscriptions are difficult to understand, so modern versions often have different interpretations of them.\n\nSeventy-three psalms are called “A psalm of David.” This may mean they were written by King David. Or, it could mean someone wrote them for David or in the style that David used when he composed poetry. The superscriptions of some psalms give the historical situations in which they were written.\n\nSome superscriptions give instructions about how they should be played and sung. They tell which instruments, singers, or melodies that should be used for that psalm. Fifty-five psalms are addressed “to the choirmaster” or “chief musician.” The psalmists seem to have meant them to be used in temple worship.\n\nTraditionally, English versions do not give verse numbers to the superscriptions. But many versions in other languages do. Whether or not translators give them verse numbers, they should consider the superscriptions in the Psalms as part of the divinely inspired biblical text.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What are some important ways in which Yahweh is pictured in the Book of Psalms?\n\nThe psalmists often pictured Yahweh as:\n\n* a king who rules over the nation of Israel and over all the nations\n* a shepherd who leads the people of Israel and also the individual psalm writers\n* a “rock,” that is, a high rocky mountain on which people can be completely safe from their enemies\n* a strong warrior who always defeats his enemies.\n\n### What is the importance of honor and shame in the Book of Psalms?\n\nWhen people honor someone, they think well of him and may even admire him. On the other hand, if people shame someone, that person loses honor and is disgraced.\n\nPsalmists often expressed a great desire that Yahweh would be honored by the Israelites and also by the rest of the world.\n\nAlso, psalmists often expressed fear that they would be shamed by their enemies. When they felt this way, the psalmists wrote of their trust that Yahweh would not allow this to happen.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Why do the ULT and UST display the Book of Psalms as poetry, but some modern versions do not?\n\nThe psalmists wrote the Psalms as Hebrew poetry. The ULT and UST set each line farther to the right on the page than regular text is placed to show that the writing is poetry rather than prose.\n\nThis style typically uses pairs of poetic lines that relate to each other in different ways. Usually, poetic lines are said to be “parallel” to each other. A line that is indented farther to the right is paired with the line above it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\nTranslators will have to decide whether to present the Psalms as poetry or as prose in their own language. Translators will need to consider whether their language has poetic forms that are suitable for expressing the Psalms.\n\n### Why do some versions number the Psalms differently than others?\n\nFrom ancient times, people have numbered the Psalms in different ways. The Jews numbered the Psalms in Hebrew in one way. When they translated the Psalms into Greek, they numbered them in a different way. As a result, the Hebrew numbering and the Greek numbering of Psalms were both passed down through the centuries. They are both still in use today. Translators will probably want to number the Psalms in the same way that most versions in their own country do.\n\n### How should the translator view the terms Selah and Higgaion that occur in various psalms?\n\n“Selah” and “Higgaion” seem to be musical terms inserted as directions for singers and musicians. Scholars do not agree as to their meaning. For this reason, translators may decide to transliterate them or leave them out but not try to translate them.
3	1:intro	fan4				0	# Psalm 01 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 1 is usually considered to be a “wisdom psalm,” which gives advice to those who hear it read or sung. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Blessed\n\nA main theme in this psalm is what it means to be blessed. Here “blessed” refers to anyone who is well off because of a good relationship to God. The contrasting theme is that there are ungodly people, those who refuse to honor God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])\n\n### People who opposed Yahweh\n\nThere are several words in this psalm for those who oppose God: “the wicked” (those who do evil), “sinners” (those who ignore God’s law), and “mockers” (those who mock God and the righteous people). (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
4	1:1	c8cc			אַ֥שְֽׁרֵי	1	The **man** described as happy is someone that others admire and desire to be like. **Happy** here can be a congratulatory term. Alternate translation: “Admirable” or “Praised”
5	1:1	n9y3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	אַ֥שְֽׁרֵי־הָ⁠אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר ׀ לֹ֥א הָלַךְ֮ בַּ⁠עֲצַ֪ת רְשָׁ֫עִ֥ים וּ⁠בְ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ חַ֭טָּאִים לֹ֥א עָמָ֑ד וּ⁠בְ⁠מוֹשַׁ֥ב לֵ֝צִ֗ים לֹ֣א יָשָֽׁב	1	In some languages it may be more natural to place the declaration of the state of the man at the end of the verse, after the description of the characteristics that he avoids. However, starting the psalm with the exclamation **Happy** was an intentional poetic decision by the author intended to set the mood of the psalm. Translators should consider how their language might start the pslam with the same sort of praising exclamation. Alternate translation: “The man who does not walk in the advice of the wicked ones, and stands not in the pathway with sinners, and sits not in the seat of mockers is happy.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])
6	1:1	a5wm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	הָ⁠אִ֗ישׁ	1	The **man** here may refer first to the ideal Israelite king while also having a general meaning referring to a typical righteous person. If your readers would not understand **the man** in a general way you may choose a term that gives a broader interpretation. One possible way to do this may be by not using a definite article. Alternate translation: “is a man” or “is the person” or “is a person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
7	1:1	ma8f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	לֹ֥א הָלַךְ֮ בַּ⁠עֲצַ֪ת רְשָׁ֫עִ֥ים	1	Here, **walks** is a metaphor for a man doing the things that wicked ones suggest that he does. It suggests beginning a pattern of doing wrong. If your readers would not understand that **walks in the advice** means to listen to advice and then to do what is suggested, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “never does what wicked people suggest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8	1:1	x0do			לֹ֥א הָלַךְ֮ בַּ⁠עֲצַ֪ת רְשָׁ֫עִ֥ים וּ⁠בְ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ חַ֭טָּאִים לֹ֥א עָמָ֑ד וּ⁠בְ⁠מוֹשַׁ֥ב לֵ֝צִ֗ים לֹ֣א יָשָֽׁב	1	It may be helpful to read these three phrases in an inverted way. That way the negative trajectory that the happy man avoids can be more clearly seen. Consider: “Unhappy is the man who walks in the advice of the wicked ones, and then who stands in the pathway of sinners, and then who sits in the seat of scoffers.” The meaning of each of these metaphors is expanded in later notes, but translators should see a downward trajectory of worsening character that a **happy man** avoids.
9	1:1	aerb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	רְשָׁ֫עִ֥ים	1	The author is using the adjective **wicked** as a noun in order to describe a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. (Note: **ones** has been supplied in the ULT to mark that this adjective is plural.) Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “people who are wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
10	1:1	y9ow		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וּ⁠בְ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ חַ֭טָּאִים לֹ֥א עָמָ֑ד	1	Here, **stands not in the pathway of sinners** refers to not copying how sinners continually live their lives, that is, their sinful habits. Standing means joining with sinners. The **pathway** means habits or how they live. Not only does the happy man not do what the wicked say, doing what sinners do does not become how he lives his life. If your readers would not understand that imitating someone’s habitual lifestyle is meant by **stands … in the pathway** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and does not make sinning a habit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11	1:1	b9ef		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וּ⁠בְ⁠מוֹשַׁ֥ב לֵ֝צִ֗ים לֹ֣א יָשָֽׁב	1	Here, **sits not in the seat of scoffers** means to not become like people who spend their time mocking people, things, and God. By avoiding the previous two progressions towards a sinful life, the happy man avoids this final state where he would be just like the wicked. If your readers would not understand that becoming like scoffing people is meant by **sits … in the seat** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “so he never becomes like wicked mockers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12	1:2	x7b7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	כִּ֤י אִ֥ם	1	The author uses the word **But** here to indicate a strong contrast between what the does and does not do. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Rather” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
13	1:2	zvgc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	חֶ֫פְצ֥⁠וֹ	1	Here, **his** refers to the happy man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
14	1:2	fhfk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	חֶ֫פְצ֥⁠וֹ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **delight**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “he delights” or “he rejoices” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
15	1:2	nbop		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	וּֽ⁠בְ⁠תוֹרָת֥⁠וֹ	1	Here, **his** refers to Yahweh. That is, Yahweh’s instruction. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
16	1:2	ikjs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	יֶהְגֶּ֗ה	1	Here, **he** refers to the happy man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
17	1:2	u4ur		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	יוֹמָ֥ם וָ⁠לָֽיְלָה	1	Here, **day and night** is used figuratively to mean continually. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “all the time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
18	1:3	q40p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	וְֽ⁠הָיָ֗ה כְּ⁠עֵץ֮ שָׁת֪וּל עַֽל־פַּלְגֵ֫י מָ֥יִם אֲשֶׁ֤ר פִּרְי֨⁠וֹ ׀ יִתֵּ֬ן בְּ⁠עִתּ֗⁠וֹ וְ⁠עָלֵ֥⁠הוּ לֹֽא־יִבּ֑וֹל וְ⁠כֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה יַצְלִֽיחַ	1	The point of this verse’s comparison between the happy man and a well-watered tree is that just like the streams of water cause the tree to flourish, learning Yahweh’s instructions cause the man to flourish. (In Hebrew the phrases even sound similar.) Both a positive and negative comparison are given to strengthen the force of the point. The tree, fruit, and leaf references connect both back to Eden and forward to the end of Revelation. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could make the argument a little more explicit as the “Like … so” connection does in the UST. See PSA 92:12-92:14 for another use of this imagry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
19	1:3	ovv7			שָׁת֪וּל	1	The point of the choice of the word **transplanted** is to emphasize the intentional placement of a tree so that it gets abundant water. Translators could use a word meaning “planted” if their readers would understand that this was intentional. Alternate translation: “deliberately planted” or “cultivated”
20	1:3	bet7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	שָׁת֪וּל	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that someone transplanted” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21	1:3	j6o3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	וְ⁠עָלֵ֥⁠הוּ לֹֽא־יִבּ֑וֹל	1	The author is referring figuratively to the tree dying by association with the way the leaves on a tree **wither** when a tree is dead or dying. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and it will not die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22	1:3	s609		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	וְ⁠עָלֵ֥⁠הוּ לֹֽא־יִבּ֑וֹל	1	Here the author uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If this is confusing in your language, you can express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “and its leaves are strong and green” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
23	1:3	zo3m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	וְ⁠כֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה יַצְלִֽיחַ	1	Here, both instances of **he** refer to the happy man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
24	1:4	s4jq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	לֹא־כֵ֥ן	1	The **so** here refers to everything in the first three verses. The **wicked** are not in any way like the happy man. If your language has a way to indicate that **so** refers back not just to the last line about success but to the wider context of the first three verses, consider using it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
25	1:4	as72		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	כַּ֝⁠מֹּ֗ץ	1	The word **chaff** refers to the parts of a wheat or other grain plant that are not food. The husk that surrounds the edible seed is very light and blows away when the wheat is threshed to separate out the edible seed. The stalks are collected and burned. Thus the chaff is with the grain until harvest but then separated and burned or blown away. If your readers would not be familiar with this process you could describe the chaff or use another light and worthless material to describe the wicked. Alternate translation: “like dried seed husks” or “like fallen leaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
26	1:4	evr7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	כִּ֥י אִם־כַּ֝⁠מֹּ֗ץ אֲֽשֶׁר־תִּדְּפֶ֥⁠נּוּ רֽוּחַ	1	The idea of **the wicked** as waste material gathered at the harvest that is then eliminated in some way is a common biblical image of God judging the wicked. If your readers would misunderstand this, consider how to make the connection to the next verse show this more clearly, because there the author makes this explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
27	1:5	xo05		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	עַל־כֵּ֤ן	1	**Thus** indicates that the connection between the previous statements and this is one of similarity. Just like the chaff is removed from the good harvest and destroyed, thus the wicked will be removed from Yahweh’s righteous people and destroyed. Alternate translation: “In the same way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
28	1:5	kt0k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	יָקֻ֣מוּ רְ֭שָׁעִים בַּ⁠מִּשְׁפָּ֑ט	1	To **stand in the judgment** is to be innocent. Unlike the man in [PSA 24:3-4](../24/03.md), the wicked will be judged by Yahweh, and will not rise again as in [PSA 140:10](../140/10.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
29	1:5	h9cj			יָקֻ֣מוּ	1	The word translated **stand** here is translated as “arise” in [PSA 140:10](../140/10.md) and in many other places. This hints at resurrection imagery which helps to clarify which judgment is in the mind of the author.
30	1:5	dhfv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	בַּ⁠מִּשְׁפָּ֑ט	1	This refers to the time when Yahweh will finally judge the whole world. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
31	1:5	yb22		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	וְ֝⁠חַטָּאִ֗ים	1	The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “nor will sinners stand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
32	1:5	ys17		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	צַדִּיקִֽים	1	The author is using the adjective **righteous** as a noun in order to describe a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. (Note: **ones** has been supplied in the ULT to mark that this adjective is plural.) Alternate translation: “righteous people” or “people who are righteous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
33	1:6	c4kq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	כִּֽי	1	**For** here introduces an explanation of the contrast throughout this psalm. If possible, use a connector here that can refer back to more than just the immediate context. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
34	1:6	pyo9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	יוֹדֵ֣עַ	1	Here, **knows** refers to Yahweh’s intimate and active involvement in the life of the righteous. Alternate translation: “guards” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
35	2:intro	z14u				0	# Psalm 2 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 2 is usually considered a royal psalm because it is about the king. It was probably first sung when a new person became the king. While there are (from the perspective of the New Testament) clear references to Jesus, the Anointed (Messiah) Son of God (Yahweh), translators should avoid bringing this fuller understanding into the translation of this psalm, which was written almost 1,000 years before Christ.\n\n\n## Structure\n\n1. v. 1-3 Rebellion - Earthly kings plot rebellion\n2. v. 4-6 Response - The Heavenly King laughs\n3. v. 7-9 Decree - The King on Zion recounts Yahweh's covenant\n4. v. 10-12 Ultimatum - Earthly kings, “Serve Yahweh … Kiss the son!”\n(based on Psalms Layer by Layer released CCBYSA4.0)\n\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Parallelism\n\n\nAs in most psalms, parallelism is used throughout this psalm. Often the second line emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. In many cases, differences between the lines serve to intensify the point being made. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\n- In verse nine this comment may be helpful: “One of the most common techniques to achieve intensification in biblical parallelism is the use of the simile in the second clause.” - Robert G. Bratcher and William David Reyburn, A Translator’s Handbook on the Book of Psalms, UBS Handbook Series (New York: United Bible Societies, 1991), 30.
36	2:1	e4gn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	לָ֭⁠מָּה רָגְשׁ֣וּ גוֹיִ֑ם וּ֝⁠לְאֻמִּ֗ים יֶהְגּוּ־רִֽיק	1	[Verses 4](../02/04.md) and following provide the proper understanding of the questions that make up this verse. They are not true questions, they are statements of mocking disbelief. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Nations are in turmoil and peoples are complaining uselessly.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
37	2:1	hd4h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	גוֹיִ֑ם	1	Here, **nations** represents either the people of the nations or the leaders of the nations. If **nations** could not be understood to **conspire**, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. However, it is best to not narrow the meaning to leaders yet, as the psalm will do that in the next verse. Alternate translation: “people from other nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
38	2:1	xqez		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo		0	What the **nations** are conspiring and the **peoples** are plotting is not mentioned in this verse, but since it becomes clear from the next two verses, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
39	2:2	ag3k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	יִ֥תְיַצְּב֨וּ ׀ מַלְכֵי־אֶ֗רֶץ וְ⁠רוֹזְנִ֥ים נֽוֹסְדוּ־יָ֑חַד	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “The kings of the earth take their stand, indeed, the rulers conspire together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
40	2:3	bvs1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	נְֽ֭נַתְּקָה אֶת־מֽוֹסְרוֹתֵ֑י⁠מוֹ וְ⁠נַשְׁלִ֖יכָה מִמֶּ֣⁠נּוּ עֲבֹתֵֽי⁠מוֹ	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Let us tear apart their bonds, truly, let us cast their cords away from us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
41	2:3	xw9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	נְֽ֭נַתְּקָה אֶת־מֽוֹסְרוֹתֵ֑י⁠מוֹ וְ⁠נַשְׁלִ֖יכָה מִמֶּ֣⁠נּוּ עֲבֹתֵֽי⁠מוֹ	1	The people of other nations speak of Yahweh and his anointed's rule over them as if it were **bonds**and **cords**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “We should free ourselves from their control; we should not let them rule over us any longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
42	2:4	vz39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בַּ⁠שָּׁמַ֣יִם יִשְׂחָ֑ק אֲ֝דֹנָ֗⁠י יִלְעַג־לָֽ⁠מוֹ	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “He who sits in the heavens sneers; indeed, \nthe Lord mocks them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
43	2:4	t9zx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	יוֹשֵׁ֣ב	1	Here, **sitting** represents ruling. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He who rules” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
44	2:5	z631		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	בְ⁠אַפּ֑⁠וֹ וּֽ⁠בַ⁠חֲרוֹנ֥⁠וֹ	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **anger** and **fury**, you could express the same ideas in another way. See the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
45	2:6	ygss		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations		0	This verse is a quotation of Yahweh (who is mentioned before this verse as the Lord who is sitting in the heavens). If the speaker would be unclear, you may want to introduce him as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
46	2:6	emc4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	וַ֭⁠אֲנִי נָסַ֣כְתִּי	1	Yahweh says **I myself** to emphasize how significant it was that it was he and not someone else who was setting up this king on Zion. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “I alone have poured out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
47	2:6	v3q9			נָסַ֣כְתִּי	1	Scholars debate the meaning of this verb. However, all the options lead either symbolically or literally to the idea that Yahweh has made his king the ruler on Zion. Alternate translation: “installed” or “placed”
48	2:7	d5l7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	אֲסַפְּרָ֗ה אֶֽ֫ל חֹ֥ק יְֽהוָ֗ה אָמַ֘ר	1	The person saying this is the king that Yahweh placed in Zion. This is a change of speaker from the previous verse, though both are unmarked in the original. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “The king says he will describe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
49	2:8	vjb5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	נַחֲלָתֶ֑⁠ךָ וַ֝⁠אֲחֻזָּתְ⁠ךָ֗	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **inheritance** and **possession**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “for you to inherit and … shall you possess” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
50	2:8	cv7i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	אַפְסֵי־אָֽרֶץ	1	Here, **the extremities of the earth** is referring to all of the world by naming its edges or limits. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the entire world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
51	2:9	at9u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	תְּ֭רֹעֵ⁠ם בְּ⁠שֵׁ֣בֶט בַּרְזֶ֑ל כִּ⁠כְלִ֖י יוֹצֵ֣ר תְּנַפְּצֵֽ⁠ם	1	Here, the king is speaking of his own power and anger as if it was an **iron rod** and of nations as if they were **jar**s **of a potter.** If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning another way. Alternate translation: “Your power is like an iron rod, which will shatter the nations, which are like mere clay pots.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
52	2:9	ggd3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	כִּ⁠כְלִ֖י יוֹצֵ֣ר	1	A **potter** is a person who makes clay pots and jars. These are fragile and can be broken easily. If your readers would not be familiar with this, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “like a clay jar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
53	2:10	j2nx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	הִ֝וָּסְר֗וּ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “listen to this warning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
54	2:11	yfoo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	בְּ⁠יִרְאָ֑ה וְ֝⁠גִ֗ילוּ בִּ⁠רְעָדָֽה	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **fear** and **rejoice**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “fearfully and joyfully tremble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
55	2:12	w4m8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	נַשְּׁקוּ־בַ֡ר	1	To **kiss the son** is a symbolic action showing loyalty and pledged obedience. If this would not be clear to your readers, you can explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote. People would show their king that they were loyal to him by kissing him, perhaps on the feet. Alternate translation: “Show the son that you are truly loyal to him” or “Bow down humbly before his son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
56	2:12	v3bs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	וְ⁠תֹ֬אבְדוּ דֶ֗רֶךְ	1	The implication is that the **son** will kill **you**. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and he kill you in the way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
57	2:12	l654		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	כִּֽי־יִבְעַ֣ר כִּ⁠מְעַ֣ט אַפּ֑⁠וֹ	1	The **son**’s anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that could burn. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when he suddenly becomes very angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
58	2:12	ty9p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אַ֝שְׁרֵ֗י כָּל־ח֥וֹסֵי בֽ⁠וֹ	1	The protection that submitting to the **son** provides is spoken of as if the son himself were a safe place (**refuge**) within which people could be protected. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Everyone who asks the king to protect them is happy ” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
59	3:intro	py7j				0	# Psalm 03 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 3 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a morning song intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during morning worship. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n- **Selah**: This psalm contains the first instances of the Hebrew word **Selah** the meaning of which is unknown. The Septuagint translates the term as διάψαλμα (diapsalma) “musical interlude.” Your translation team should decide if you will (1) transliterate **Selah** (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) (2) omit **Selah** or (3) follow the Septuagint and translate something like “pause” into your language.
60	3:front	g1yb			לְ⁠דָוִ֑ד	1	This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
61	3:1	xp7i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	יְ֭הוָה מָֽה־רַבּ֣וּ צָרָ֑⁠י	1	The **how** marks this as an exclamation that is emphasizing to Yahweh by an emotional outburst how desperate the author’s situation is. Use an exclamation that would communicate that meaning in your language. Alternate translation: “Oh Yahweh, I have so many enemies!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
62	3:1	cj3u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	קָמִ֥ים עָלָֽ⁠י	1	Here, **risers against me** is an idiom that means “people who rebel against me” or “people who wish to fight me.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Those who rebel against me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
63	3:2	lhxm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	אֵ֤ין יְֽשׁוּעָ֓תָ⁠ה לּ֬⁠וֹ בֵֽ⁠אלֹהִ֬ים	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **salvation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Surely God will not save him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
64	3:2	oya5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate	סֶֽלָה	1	This is the first instance of the Hebrew word **Selah** the meaning of which is unknown. The Septuagint translates the term as διάψαλμα (diapsalma) “musical interlude.” Your translation team should decide if you will (1) transliterate **Selah** (2) omit **Selah** or (3) follow the Septuagint and translate something like “pause” into your language. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
65	3:3	mj2u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	מָגֵ֣ן בַּעֲדִ֑⁠י	1	Here, **shield** represents protection. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you, Yahweh, protect me like a shield” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
66	3:3	llc4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	כְּ֝בוֹדִ֗⁠י	1	Because **Yahweh** is the actor in all the other actions in this verse, calling **Yahweh** his **glory** probably means that **Yahweh** gives the writer **glory** or honor. Since the writer has just spoken about his enemies and Yahweh being his protector, he probably means that Yahweh gives him glory by giving him victory over his enemies. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you are the one who gives me glory” or “you are the one who gives me victory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
67	3:3	hj6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	וּ⁠מֵרִ֥ים רֹאשִֽׁ⁠י	1	Lifting the writer’s **head** could mean (1) giving him courage or (2) giving him victory over his enemies or (3) restoring him to being king of Israel (given the context of David fleeing from his son’s usurping). If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the one who encourages me” or “and the one who lifts me over my enemies” or “and the one who lifts me to the throne” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
68	3:4	bz2m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	אֶקְרָ֑א וַ⁠יַּֽעֲנֵ֨⁠נִי	1	The implication is that the author is calling to Yahweh for help and that Yahweh’s answer takes the form of giving help. You can include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I call for help … and he helped me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
69	3:6	q7wy			have set themselves against me on every side	0	Alternate translation: “have surrounded me to destroy me”
70	3:7	zax2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Rise up	0	David speaks of starting to do something as getting up. Alternate translation: “Take action” or “Do something” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
71	3:7	az5m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	hit all my enemies & break the teeth of the wicked	0	These phrases say very similar things. The phrases “my enemies” and “the wicked” refer to the same group of people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
72	3:7	r6xe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	For you will hit all my enemies on the jaw	0	This was a way of insulting people. David speaks as if Yahweh would come and physically hit his enemies. Alternate translation: “For you will insult all my enemies like someone hitting them on the jaw” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
73	3:7	k36i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you will break the teeth of the wicked	0	Animals attack with their teeth. Breaking their teeth takes away their power to attack. David speaks as if Yahweh would come and physically fight against the wicked. Alternate translation: “you will make the wicked unable to harm me like someone breaking the teeth of a ferocious animal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
74	3:8	x9bn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Salvation comes from Yahweh	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh saves his people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
75	4:intro	b2qk				0	# Psalm 04 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 4 is a psalm of deliverance. It is an evening song, intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during evening worship. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Trust\n\nGod protects all those who truly trust in him for protection. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
76	4:1	zjj1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
77	4:1	q28k			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
78	4:1	k7md			on stringed instruments	0	Alternate translation: “people should play stringed instruments with this song”
79	4:1	f3xk			Answer me when I call	0	Alternate translation: “Respond to me when I call” or “Help me when I call”
80	4:1	dd31			God of my righteousness	0	Alternate translation: “God, who shows that I am righteous”
81	4:1	n99c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	give me room when I am hemmed in	0	Being in danger is spoken of as being in a narrow space. Alternate translation: “rescue me when I am in danger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
82	4:2	r39v			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nDavid sings this part of the song as if he is speaking to his enemies.
83	4:2	p3x5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	You people, how long will you turn my honor into shame?	0	David uses this question to rebuke his enemies. Alternate translation: “You people continually turn my honor into shame!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
84	4:2	vy7i			turn my honor into shame	0	Shaming him instead of honoring him is spoken of as making his honor become shame. Alternate translation: “shame me instead of honoring me” or “bring me shame when you should be honoring me”
85	4:2	i8ct		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How long will you love that which is worthless and seek after lies?	0	David uses this question to rebuke his enemies. Alternate translation: “You continue to love things that are worthless and seek after lies.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
86	4:2	mvp9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	love that which is worthless & seek after lies	0	These two phrases are very similar in meaning. The lies are worthless. Alternate translation: “love worthless lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
87	4:3	w2gh			Yahweh has set apart the faithful ones for himself	0	Alternate translation: “Yahweh chooses godly people for himself”
88	4:4	api1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Tremble in fear	0	The relationship between “tremble” and “fear” and who people should fear can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Fear Yahweh so much that you tremble” or “Stand in awe of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
89	4:4	u9p9			Tremble	0	shake from fear
90	4:4	l67w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Meditate in your heart	0	The heart represents a person’s thoughts. Thinking carefully is spoken of as meditating in one’s heart. Alternate translation: “Think carefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
91	4:5	h8tj			Offer the sacrifices of righteousness	0	Alternate translation: “Offer the right sacrifices”
92	4:5	ul9j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	put your trust in Yahweh	0	Here “trust” is spoken of as if it were an object that could be put somewhere. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **trust**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “trust in Yahweh” or “trust Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
93	4:6	k53m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who will show us anything good?	0	This question is used either to ask for something or to express a wish about something that has not happened. Alternate translation: “Please show us something good!” or “We wish someone would show us something good!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
94	4:6	uvl3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Who will show us anything good?	0	This could mean: (1) showing something good represents bringing good things. Alternate translation: “Who will bring good things to us?” or (2) showing something good represents saying that good things have happened. Alternate translation: “Who will say that anything good has happened?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
95	4:6	stu3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	lift up the light of your face on us	0	The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on them. Alternate translation: “act favorably towards us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
96	4:7	v4vs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	You have given my heart more gladness	0	The heart represents the person. Alternate translation: “You have given me more gladness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
97	4:7	b9ht		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	You have given my heart more gladness than others have	0	Here “gladness” is spoken of as if it is an object that can be given. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **gladness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “glad.” Alternate translation: “You have made me more glad than others are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
98	4:7	izx5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	when their grain and new wine abound	0	“New wine” may represent grapes. Alternate translation: “when they reap plentiful harvests of grain and grapes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
99	4:8	b57u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	It is in peace that I will lie down and sleep	0	Peace is spoken of as if it were a place. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will be peaceful when I lie down and sleep” or “I will not be afraid of danger when I lie down and sleep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
100	4:8	p2ce		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	make me safe and secure	0	The words “safe” and “secure” mean basically the same thing and emphasize complete safety. Alternate translation: “make me completely safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
101	5:intro	e67h				0	# Psalm 05 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 5 is a psalm of deliverance. Notice how the psalmist both praises God and asks Him for help in defeating the wicked. It was intended to be sung accompanied by flutes. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s help\n\nGod does not help people who do evil but he blesses those who are good and trust in him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
102	5:1	k92k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
103	5:1	q7tu			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
104	5:1	tu54			with wind instruments	0	Alternate translation: “This song should be accompanied by people who play wind instruments.”
105	5:1	xts1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Listen to my call to you	0	This is a call for help. Alternate translation: “Listen to me as I call to you for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
106	5:1	i566			groanings	0	low sounds that people make with the voice when they are suffering
107	5:3	i42x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	in the morning you hear my cry & in the morning I will bring my petition to you	0	These two phrases are very similar in meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
108	5:3	q5qw			I will bring my petition to you	0	Alternate translation: “I will make my request” or “I will ask you for what I need”
109	5:3	rk6n			wait expectantly	0	Alternate translation: “wait, expecting you to do what I ask you to do”
110	5:6	qjt8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh despises violent and deceitful men	0	Since David is speaking to God in this psalm, this sentence can be stated with the word “you.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you despise violent and deceitful men” or “Yahweh, you hate men who do violent acts and deceive others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
111	5:7	xxs4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	because of your great covenant faithfulness	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
112	5:7	wus9			your house	0	This refers to God’s temple. Alternate translation: “your temple”
113	5:8	nj5y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	lead me in your righteousness	0	David speaks of righteousness as if it were a path and of teaching as leading. The phrase “your righteousness” means that God is righteous Alternate translation: “teach me to do what is righteous as you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
114	5:8	f99i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	make your path straight before me	0	David speaks of righteousness as if it were a path. A straight path is easy to see or walk on. Alternate translation: “show me clearly how to live in the right way” or “make it easy for me to do what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
115	5:9	vyp8			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nDavid talks about his enemies.
116	5:9	yu9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	For there is no truth in their mouth	0	Truth being in the mouth represents speaking truthfully. Alternate translation: “For they never say what is true” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
117	5:9	w7sn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	their inward being is wicked	0	The inward being represents people’s thoughts and desires. Alternate translation: “their thoughts and desires are wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
118	5:9	t93l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	their throat	0	The throat represents people’s speech. Alternate translation: “their speech” or “what they say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
119	5:9	aj6l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	their throat is an open tomb	0	Their throat is spoken of as if it were an open tomb, ready for dead bodies to put into it. This could mean: (1) “they say that they will kill people” or (2) “What they say kills people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
120	5:9	c5lk			they flatter with their tongue	0	Alternate translation: “they say nice things about people without really meaning it”
121	5:9	w8tw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	their tongue	0	The tongue represents what people say. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
122	5:10	b8gr			may their schemes be their downfall	0	Alternate translation: “may their schemes cause them to experience disasters” or “may they become less important because of their schemes”
123	5:10	llj1			schemes	0	plans to harm people
124	5:10	se86		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	downfall	0	This is something that causes a person to experience disasters or to lose power. Experiencing disaster or becoming less important is spoken of as falling. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
125	5:11	p2xk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	may all those who take refuge in you rejoice	0	God is spoken of as if he were a refuge, a place where people can be protected. Alternate translation: “May all those who go to you for protection rejoice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
126	5:11	w32e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	those who take refuge in you rejoice & shout for joy because you defend them	0	These two clauses express similar thoughts. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
127	5:11	h7eq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	take refuge in you	0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
128	5:11	jnt7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	those who love your name	0	God’s name represents him. Alternate translation: “those who love you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
129	5:12	t1zz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	you will surround them with favor as with a shield	0	God’s favor is spoken of as if it were a shield. Alternate translation: “you will favor them and protect them as a soldier protects himself with his shield” or “because you are kind to them, you will protect them (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
130	6:intro	gpl3				0	# Psalm 06 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 6 is a deliverance psalm: a call to God for help. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Trouble\n\nHe is in deep trouble and needs God to help him in his difficult situation. But then God hears his prayer and scatters his enemies.\n\n### First Person\n\nThis psalm is written using first person making its perspective very personal. There are many uses of the first person in this Psalm.
131	6:1	qy9s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
132	6:1	z78f			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
133	6:1	w19w			on stringed instruments	0	Alternate translation: “people should play stringed instruments with this song”
134	6:1	p2j3			set to the Sheminith style	0	This may refer to a style of music.
135	6:2	at9c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my bones are shaking	0	The bones represent the whole body. His body may have been shaking because he was sick or extremely tired. Alternate translation: “my whole body is shaking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
136	6:3	sd1q			very troubled	0	Alternate translation: “terrified” or “worried”
137	6:3	vw88		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	how long will this continue?	0	David uses this question to show that he does not want to continue feeling weak and troubled. Alternate translation: please, do not let this continue!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
138	6:4	rce3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Return, Yahweh	0	David speaks of God being kind to him as God returning to him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, come back to me” or “Have mercy on me, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
139	6:4	fuw3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Save me because of your covenant faithfulness	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Save me because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
140	6:5	qb7p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	For in death there is no remembrance of you. In Sheol who will give you thanks?	0	These two sentences express similar meanings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
141	6:5	pn4j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	For in death there is no remembrance of you	0	Here, **remembrance** represents praise. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **remembrance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “For when people die, they no longer praise you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
142	6:5	mb1j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	In Sheol who will give you thanks?	0	David uses this question to emphasize that no one in Sheol thanks God. Alternate translation: “No one in Sheol will give you thanks!” or “The dead cannot praise you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
143	6:6	ge93		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I am weary with my groaning	0	His groaning represents the pain or distress that he feels. Alternate translation: “I am very tired because of my pain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
144	6:6	bay4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	I drench my bed with tears; I wash my couch away with my tears	0	These two sentences express the same meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
145	6:6	c1qb			I drench my bed with tears	0	Alternate translation: “I make my bed wet with my tears” or “My bed is very wet because of my tears”
146	6:6	isr5			I wash my couch away with my tears	0	Alternate translation: “I make my couch wet with my tears”
147	6:7	fup4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	My eyes grow dim	0	The ability to see is spoken of in terms of the eyes. Alternate translation: “My vision is blurry” or “I cannot see clearly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
148	6:7	gny4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from grief	0	Grief here represents crying. Alternate translation: “from crying” or “because I cry so much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
149	6:9	j23z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Yahweh has heard my appeal for mercy & Yahweh has accepted my prayer	0	These two lines have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
150	6:9	dq36		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh has accepted my prayer	0	Being willing to do what David has prayed for is spoken of as accepting his prayer. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will respond to my prayer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
151	7:intro	zey1				0	# Psalm 07 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 7 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s protection\n\nThe author had not wronged anyone, yet his enemy was trying to attack him. But he knew that God would protect him.\n\n### Cush the Benjamite\n\nNote the superscription and the specific circumstances. There is no other reference to this incident in the Scriptures. But there are references to David being opposed by those of the tribe of Benjamin during the time he was serving King Saul.
152	7:1	wzv4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
153	7:1	v239			A musical composition of David	0	Alternate translation: “This is a song that David wrote”
154	7:1	huv1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	take refuge in you!	0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
155	7:2	rzk1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	they will rip me apart like a lion, tearing me in pieces	0	David speaks of his enemies attacking him as if they would rip his body apart and tear it in pieces as a lion would. Alternate translation: “they will violently kill me like a lion ripping apart its victim’s body and tearing it in pieces” or “they will violently kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
156	7:2	x9fh			with no one else able to bring me to safety	0	Alternate translation: “and no one else will be able to save me”
157	7:5	ej18		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my life	0	The life represents the person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
158	7:5	us9e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	overtake me	0	This represents capturing him. Alternate translation: “capture me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
159	7:5	txr8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	let him trample my life to the ground	0	Here “my life” represents the writer. Alternate translation: “allow him to destroy me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
160	7:5	hav6			lay my honor in the dust	0	This refers to lying dead and unburied in disgrace.
161	7:6	phd3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Arise, Yahweh, in your anger	0	Arising represents doing something or taking action. Alternate translation: “Do something in your anger” or “Be angry at my enemies and take action: (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
162	7:6	a9lp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	stand up against the rage of my enemies	0	Fighting against people is spoken of as standing up against them. Alternate translation: “fight against the rage of my enemies” or “attack my enemies who rage against me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
163	7:6	q1qt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the rage of my enemies	0	Their rage represents their attacks. Alternate translation: “the attacks of my enemies” or “my enemies who attack me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
164	7:6	x2us		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	wake up	0	Waking up represents starting to do something or take action. Alternate translation: “Take action” or “Do something” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
165	7:6	sml1			for my sake	0	Alternate translation: “for me” or “to help me”
166	7:7	pk8y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The countries are assembled	0	Here the word “countries” represents all of the armies that have gathered to attack. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
167	7:7	rb6b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	take once more your rightful place over them	0	Ruling people is spoken of as being over them. Yahweh’s rightful place refers either to heaven or to ruling in general. Alternate translation: “Rule over them from heaven” or “Rule over them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
168	7:8	e8kb			vindicate me	0	Alternate translation: “show them that I am not guilty”
169	7:9	pw1n			establish the righteous people	0	Alternate translation: “make the righteous people strong” or “make the righteous people prosper”
170	7:9	zql9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you who examine hearts and minds	0	The hearts and minds represent people’s desires and thoughts. Alternate translation: “you who know our inner thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
171	7:10	c7u4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	My shield comes from God	0	The word “shield” represents God’s protection. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
172	7:11	j5zn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	a God who is indignant each day	0	Who God is angry with can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “a God who is angry with the wicked every day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
173	7:12	y4zk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God will sharpen his sword and will prepare his bow for battle	0	In verses 12 and 13, David speaks of God deciding to punish the wicked as if God were a warrior preparing to fight against them with weapons. Alternate translation: “God will take action against him like a warrior who sharpens his sword and prepares his bow for battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
174	7:14	l54a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	one who is pregnant with wickedness & conceives destructive plans & gives birth to harmful lies	0	David speaks of the things that a wicked person does as if the person were pregnant and wickedness was the baby. Alternate translation: “the wicked person. He makes plans to destroy people and produces harmful lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
175	7:16	p524		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	His own destructive plans return to his own head, for his violence comes down on his own head	0	Destruction and violence are spoken of as if they hit a person’s head or fall down on it. Alternate translation: “His own destructive plans destroy him, for his violence attacks him” or “When he plans to destroy others, others destroy him; when he attacks others, others attack him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
176	8:intro	rs24				0	# Psalm 08 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 8 is a psalm of worship and praise to God. This was to be sung by a choir.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s creation\n\nGod has made awesome things in the universe and has exalted humans to be rulers over this creation. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/exalt]])\n\n### A Little Lower than the Heavenly Beings\n\n[Psalms Psalm 8:4-6](./003.md) is quoted in [Hebrews 2:6-8](../../heb/02/06.md), where it is applied to Jesus. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])
177	8:1	lk7t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
178	8:1	i9hb			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
179	8:1	ye1p			set to the gittith style	0	This may refer to a style of music.
180	8:1	hn59		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	how magnificent is your name in all the earth	0	God’s “name” represents his whole being. Alternate translation: “people all over the world know that you are very great” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
181	8:2	u11e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Out of the mouth of babies and infants you have established praise	0	This could mean: (1) praise is spoken of as a solid object that God takes out of babies’ mouths and sets up as a defensive wall or (2) God has created the world so that true praise comes to him from babies. Alternate translation: “You have given babies and infants the ability to praise you” or “It is babies and infants who truly praise you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
182	8:3	uj2i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	your heavens, which your fingers have made	0	God’s fingers represent him. Alternate translation: “the heavens which you have made” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
183	8:4	yhh5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Of what importance is the human race that you notice them, or mankind that you pay attention to them?	0	These remarks have been expressed in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “It is amazing that you think about people and are concerned about them!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
184	8:4	k9i2			the human race & mankind	0	Both of these phrases refer to people in general.
185	8:5	sr48		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	have crowned them with glory and honor	0	Glory and honor are spoken of as if they were crowns. The words “glory” and “honor” are similar in meaning. Alternate translation: “have given them glory and honor” or “have caused them to be like kings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
186	8:6	x6z3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	You make him to rule over the works & you have put all things under his feet	0	These two clauses express similar meanings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
187	8:6	rc4e			You make him & under his feet	0	“you make them … under their feet.” The words “him” and “his” here refer to people.
188	8:6	xti1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the works of your hands	0	The hands represent what God has done. Alternate translation: “the things that you made” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
189	8:6	py2w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you have put all things under his feet	0	Having authority to rule others or control things is spoken of as having them under one’s feet. This means God gave people authority over all that he created. Alternate translation: “you have given him authority over all things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
190	8:9	y339		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	how magnificent is your name in all the earth	0	With this exclamation, David shows his joy and awe about how great God is. Alternate translation: “your name is wonderfully magnificent in all the earth” or “people in all the earth know how magnificent you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
191	8:9	dvi7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	your name	0	God’s “name” represents him or his reputation. Alternate translation: “your reputation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
192	8:9	bf2u			magnificent	0	excellent, great
193	9:intro	zq96				0	# Psalm 09 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 9 is a psalm of praise.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s protection\n\nGod is a protector. He is all-powerful and his enemies cannot withstand him.\n\n### Acrostic Psalm\n\nThis psalm along with Psalm 10 form an acrostic. Which means that each unit begins with a successive letter of the Hebrew alphabet.\n\n### One Psalm or two\n\nThis psalm has a superscription but Psalm 10 doesn’t. This fact and the acrostic nature of the two psalms has lead some scholars to believe these two psalms may have originally been written as one psalm.
194	9:1	xxu5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
195	9:1	w9iy			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
196	9:1	nqw5			set to Muth Labben	0	This may refer to a style of music.
197	9:1	lr4k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	I will give thanks to Yahweh with my whole heart	0	Since this song is addressed to Yahweh, Yahweh can be referred to as “you.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh, I will give thanks to you with all my heart” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
198	9:1	f4r1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	all your marvelous deeds	0	The noun “deeds” can be expressed with the verb “do.” Alternate translation: “all the marvelous things you do” or “all the marvelous things you have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
199	9:2	vh6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will sing praise to your name	0	Here God’s name represents God. Alternate translation: “I will sing praise to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
200	9:3	j685			turn back	0	Alternate translation: “retreat” or “flee in fear”
201	9:4	nvz1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you sit on your throne, a righteous judge	0	Kings had authority to judge people, and they would sit on their throne when they judged. David speaks as if God were an earthly king. Alternate translation: “you judge like a king who sits on his throne, and you are righteous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
202	9:5	cw1j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you have blotted out their name forever and ever	0	Causing people to be forgotten is spoken of as blotting out their name. Alternate translation: “you have caused them to be forgotten as if their name was blotted out” or “no one will ever remember them again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
203	9:5	bs94			blotted out	0	Alternate translation: “erased”
204	9:6	dj3h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The enemy crumbled like ruins	0	The enemy is spoken of as if it were a city full of broken down buildings. Alternate translation: “Our enemies were destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
205	9:6	b9n1			when you overthrew their cities	0	Alternate translation: “when you destroyed their cities”
206	9:6	pi7j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	All remembrance of them has perished	0	Here “remembrance” is spoken of as if it were a living being that could die. Alternate translation: “All remembrance of them has stopped” or “There is no longer any remembrance of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
207	9:6	c6yp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	All remembrance of them has perished	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **remembrance**, you could express the same idea with the verb “remember.” Alternate translation: “No one remembers them at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
208	9:7	x7xg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh remains forever	0	“Remain” probably represents sitting on the throne as king. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sits on his throne forever” or “Yahweh rules forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
209	9:7	h8nu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he has established his throne for justice	0	The phrase “his throne” represents God’s rule. This could mean: (1) “He rules in order to judge people” or (2) “He rules over people justly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
210	9:8	pgg5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	He will judge the world with righteousness & he will execute judgment for the nations with fairness	0	These two clauses express the same meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
211	9:8	dz3w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	He will judge the world with righteousness	0	Here “the world” refers to all the people in the world. Alternate translation: “He will judge all the people of the world righteously” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
212	9:9	y7hd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh also will be a stronghold for the oppressed	0	God is spoken of as if he were a place that people could go to for safety. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will also protect the oppressed” or “Yahweh will also provide safety for those who are oppressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
213	9:10	mb1z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Those who know your name	0	Here the words “your name” represent God. Alternate translation: “Those who know you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
214	9:10	dj61			do not abandon	0	Alternate translation: “do not forsake” or “do not leave”
215	9:11	nb7x			who rules in Zion	0	Alternate translation: “who lives in Jerusalem”
216	9:11	i7js		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	tell the nations	0	Here “the nations” represents the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
217	9:12	lcs5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	For the God who avenges bloodshed remembers	0	What he remembers can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “For the God who avenges bloodshed remembers those who were killed” or “For God remembers those who were killed and he punishes the killers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
218	9:12	wk9a			he does not forget the cry	0	Alternate translation: “He does not ignore the cry”
219	9:13	j8i9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	see how I am oppressed by those who hate me	0	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “see how those who hate me oppress me” or “see how badly my enemies treat me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
220	9:13	p41p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you who can snatch me from the gates of death	0	Death is spoken of as if it were a city that had gates through which people enter it. If someone is near the gates of death, it means that he will die soon. Keeping someone from dying is spoken of as taking him away from the gates of that city. Alternate translation: “you who can rescue me from death” or “you who can keep me from dying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
221	9:15	re95		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The nations have sunk down into the pit that they made	0	People dig pits so they can catch animals that fall into them. Here digging a pit represents making plans to destroy people. Alternate translation: “The nations are like people who dig a pit for others and then fall into it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
222	9:15	g4gq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	their feet are caught in the net that they hid	0	People hide nets so they can catch animals that get caught in them. Here hiding a net represents making plans to destroy people. Alternate translation: “they are like people who hide a net and get trapped in it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
223	9:16	fy3r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the wicked is ensnared by his own actions	0	Here “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to any wicked person. A wicked person acting to harm other people is spoken of as if the wicked person had made a trap and then fallen into it and been unable to escape. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when a wicked person tries to harm other people, his actions will end up harming him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
224	9:16	z41t			is ensnared	0	Alternate translation: “is trapped”
225	9:17	bw3u			turned back	0	Alternate translation: “rejected”
226	9:17	wmb4			all the nations that forget God	0	This refers to “the wicked.”
227	9:18	f28n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	For the needy will not always be forgotten	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will not always forget the needy” or “God will remember the needy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
228	9:18	ln7u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	nor will the hope of the oppressed be forever dashed	0	Hopes are spoken of as if they were objects that could be broken or destroyed. Hopes being destroyed represents the things that people hope for never happening. Alternate translation: “and the oppressed will not hope forever without results” or “and someday what the oppressed hope for will happen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
229	9:19	zrv7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Arise	0	Getting up represents starting to do something. Alternate translation: “Do something” or “Take action” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
230	9:19	dw6d			man	0	people
231	9:19	f879		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	be judged	0	Here judging represents punishing. Alternate translation: “be punished” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
232	9:19	dca3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in your sight	0	Here sight represents presence. Alternate translation: “in your presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
233	9:19	xin9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	may the nations be judged in your sight	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “judge the nations in your presence” or “take the nations into your presence and punish them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
234	10:intro	h366				0	# Psalm 010 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 10 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Evil people\n\nThe wicked people are prospering and think that God does not care. They think that he is not involved in these affairs. They destroy the innocent. The godly need God to come to their rescue and to punish the wicked people for the evil that they are doing to the good people. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/innocent]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])\n\n### Second half of Psalm 9\n\nAs noted in the intro to the last psalm, this one is part of an acrostic poem. This psalm covers the last half on the Hebrew alphabet. It also does not have a superscription to introduce it. However, the psalms do separate well on the subjects they address. One addresses thanksgiving and praise whereas Psalm 10 is a lament. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])
235	10:1	he97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
236	10:1	l729		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why, Yahweh, do you stand far off? Why do you hide yourself in times of trouble?	0	The speaker uses these questions to express his distress that God has not helped him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, it seems as though you are far away from me and you hide from me whenever I am in trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
237	10:2	ml6r			schemes	0	evil plans
238	10:3	hd9r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	the wicked person	0	This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
239	10:3	lk5v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	his deepest desires	0	The noun “desires” can be expressed with the verb “want. “Alternate translation: “the things that he wants very much to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
240	10:3	bcd9			the greedy	0	Alternate translation: “greedy people”
241	10:4	nkz2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	The wicked man	0	This refers here to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
242	10:4	es9w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	has a raised face	0	A raised face represents pride or arrogance. Alternate translation: “has an arrogant attitude” or “is proud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
243	10:4	je9x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he does not seek God	0	Here, seeking **God** could mean: (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “he does not ask God for help” or “he does not think about God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
244	10:5	h3lz			He is secure at all times	0	“He is safe at all times.” He is not really safe, but he thinks that he is.
245	10:5	ee2m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	your righteous decrees are too high for him	0	Something that is hard to understand is spoken of as if it were too high to reach. Alternate translation: “he cannot understand your righteous decrees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
246	10:5	bbt7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	he snorts at all his enemies	0	People snort at their enemies when they think that their enemies are weak and worthless. Alternate translation: “he thinks that all his enemies are weak and worthless” or “he sneers at all his enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
247	10:5	dxb3			he snorts	0	This means that he blows air out noisily through his nose.
248	10:6	j7qk			He says	0	Alternate translation: “The wicked man says”
249	10:6	xus1			throughout all generations	0	This probably simply means “forever.”
250	10:6	y26y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will not meet adversity	0	Experiencing adversity is spoken of as meeting it. Alternate translation: “I will not have any troubles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
251	10:7	d42j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	His mouth is full of curses and lies and oppression	0	What people say is spoken of as being in their mouth. Alternate translation: “He always curses people, tells lies, and threatens to harm people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
252	10:7	xj9b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	under his tongue are mischief and evil	0	Here the tongue represents speaking. Alternate translation: or “what he says injures and destroys people” or “he speaks words that threaten and hurt people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
253	10:8	x2zt			He waits in ambush	0	The word “he” refers to the wicked man.
254	10:8	urg9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	his eyes look for some helpless victim	0	The eyes represent him. Alternate translation: “he looks for some helpless victim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
255	10:9	sd5u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	He lurks in secret like a lion in the thicket	0	This speaks of the wicked person as if he were a lion. Alternate translation: “He hides while he waits for the weak to walk near him, the same way a lion quietly waits in the bush for the animal it wants to attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
256	10:9	jkf7			lurks	0	This means to hide or wait with intent to harm or kill.
257	10:9	ug79			he lies in wait	0	Alternate translation: “lies down waiting” or “he hides and waits”
258	10:9	g5jl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He catches the oppressed when he pulls in his net	0	The writer speaks of the wicked person catching people as if he were a hunter using a net to catch animals. Alternate translation: “He catches the oppressed like a hunter that catches an animal in a net and drags it away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
259	10:10	bcg4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they fall into his strong nets	0	The writer continues to speak of the wicked person catching people as if he were a hunter, his plans were nets, and the people were animals that fall into his net. Alternate translation: “his victims are caught by his plans like animals that fall into a hunter’s strong nets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
260	10:11	y4zx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	He says	0	The word “He” refers to the wicked person, and to wicked people in general. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
261	10:11	ty8w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God has forgotten	0	Refusing to pay attention to what people do is spoken of as forgetting. Alternate translation: “God does not pay attention” or “God does not care about what I do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
262	10:11	vdi5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he covers his face	0	Refusing to pay attention to what someone does is spoken of as covering one’s face. Alternate translation: “God refuses to see what is happening” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
263	10:11	xd2r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he will not bother to look	0	Paying attention to what someone does is spoken of as looking at it. Alternate translation: “he will not bother to pay attention” or “he will not care” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
264	10:12	l9k2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Arise	0	Starting to do something is spoken of as getting up. Alternate translation: “Do something” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
265	10:12	k3kx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Lift up your hand	0	Here lifting the hand to hit someone represents punishing him. Alternate translation: “Hit him hard” or “Punish the wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
266	10:13	w9gj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why does the wicked man reject God and say & “You will not hold me accountable”?	0	The speaker uses this question to show that he is very sad that wicked people do these things. Alternate translation: “Wicked people are always rejecting God and saying … ‘You will not hold me accountable.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
267	10:13	tfq6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	You will not hold me accountable	0	“You will not require me to tell you why I do what I do.” Holding someone accountable here represents punishing him. Alternate translation: “You will not punish me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
268	10:15	v9ju		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Break the arm of the wicked and evil man	0	Here “arm” represents power. Alternate translation: “Destroy the power of the wicked and evil man” or “Make the wicked and evil man weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
269	10:15	z4yy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	wicked and evil	0	These words have the same meaning. You can use one word to express both concepts. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
270	10:15	m5mv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Make him account for his evil deeds	0	Making someone account for his evil deeds represents punishing him. Alternate translation: “Punish him for the evil things he has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
271	10:16	zc2f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the nations are driven out of his land	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “Yahweh forces the people of other nations to leave his land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
272	10:17	d6nx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	you have heard the needs of the oppressed	0	It is implied that the oppressed people cried out to God. Alternate translation: “when oppressed people cried out to you, you listened to them tell you what they need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
273	10:17	yqz9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you strengthen their heart	0	A strong heart represents courage, and making people’s hearts strong represents encouraging them. Alternate translation: “you encourage them” or “you make them confident” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
274	10:18	w3s1			no man & will cause terror again	0	Alternate translation: “no one … will cause people to be afraid again”
275	11:intro	zn9r				0	# Psalm 011 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 11 is a worship psalm. It tells how great God is and that God delivers the good people from the evil people. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Justice\n\nThe wicked people try to destroy the good people but God knows everything that is being done and he saves the good people and destroys the evil people. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
276	11:1	t2nr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
277	11:1	ca3b			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
278	11:1	i5j2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	take refuge in Yahweh	0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to Yahweh for protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
279	11:1	dp1y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	how will you say to me, “Flee like a bird to the mountain”?	0	This question is asked to provide emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “So do not ask me to run away!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
280	11:2	lc13			For see! The wicked prepare their bows. They make ready their arrows on the strings to shoot in the darkness at the upright in heart	0	Alternate translation: “Look! the wicked are preparing to attack upright people”
281	11:2	td66			upright in heart	0	Here “upright in heart” refers to godly or righteous people.
282	11:3	dyu6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	For if the foundations are ruined, what can the righteous do?	0	Here “the foundations” may refer to law and order. This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Righteous people cannot do anything when evil people are not punished when they disobey the laws!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
283	11:4	je8v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	his eyes watch, his eyes examine the children of mankind	0	Here Yahweh is represented by his “eyes.” Yahweh is aware of everything that happens. Alternate translation: “He examines all that humanity does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
284	11:4	u9bt			children of mankind	0	Alternate translation: “humanity”
285	11:5	ars4			Yahweh examines	0	Alternate translation: “Yahweh watches carefully”
286	11:5	qa59			do violence	0	Alternate translation: “hurt others”
287	11:6	t8lu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He rains burning coals and brimstone upon the wicked; a scorching wind will be their portion from his cup!	0	God’s punishment is described as if it were burning coals and brimstone from a volcano. Alternate translation: “He punishes the wicked; there will be no relief for them!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
288	11:6	i1h8			brimstone	0	sulphur
289	11:7	ai4r			see his face	0	Alternate translation: “be in his presence”
290	12:intro	c38b				0	# Psalm 012 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 12 is a judgment psalm, where the author asks God to judge and punish the wicked people. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh saves\n\nThere are so many wicked people now and they are proud of their evil. But God will save the poor who call out to him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]])\n\n### Words\n\nThis relatively short psalm focuses on the words people use.
291	12:1	lrn6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
292	12:1	l7ap			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
293	12:1	d3jh			set to the Sheminith	0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 6:1](../006/001.md).
294	12:1	w9wb			Help, Yahweh	0	Alternate translation: “Yahweh, come to my aid”
295	12:1	ckb5			those who have integrity have vanished	0	Alternate translation: “faithful people have all vanished”
296	12:2	p59u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	Everyone says & everyone speaks	0	The two occurrences of “everyone” are exaggerations, used to emphasize that this is true of very many people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
297	12:2	k6d8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	everyone speaks with flattering lips and a double heart	0	Here “lips” is a metonym for what people say, and “a double heart” is a metaphor for deception. Alternate translation: “everyone speaks with flattering words and deception” or “everyone praises people falsely and tells lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
298	12:3	cis2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	cut off all flattering lips	0	Here “flattering lips” is a metonym for people who flatter others. This could mean: (1) “cut off” is a metaphor for killing. Alternate translation: “kill all who flatter others” or (2) “cut off” is a metaphor for stopping something. Alternate translation: “stop all those who flatter others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
299	12:3	g9k2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	every tongue declaring great things	0	Here “every tongue” represents every person who declares great things. Alternate translation: “every person who boasts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
300	12:4	j1nx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	With our tongues will we prevail	0	Here the word “tongues” represents what people say. Alternate translation: “We will prevail because of what we say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
301	12:4	ay1a			will we prevail	0	Alternate translation: “we will succeed” or “we will win” or “we will be victorious”
302	12:4	n8z2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	When our lips speak	0	Here the “lips” represents the people who speak. Alternate translation: “When we speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
303	12:4	le51		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	who can be master over us?	0	This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that they believed no one could rule over them. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one can rule over us!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
304	12:5	bgl1			groans	0	These are deep sounds that people make because of pain or some strong emotion.
305	12:5	qr86			I will arise,” says Yahweh	0	This means Yahweh will do something to help the people.
306	12:6	jt35		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like silver purified in a furnace on the earth, refined seven times	0	Yahweh’s words are compared to silver that has been purified. Alternate translation: “they are without any imperfection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
307	12:7	txp6			You keep them	0	Alternate translation: “You keep the righteous people safe”
308	12:8	q4v9			walk on every side	0	Alternate translation: “surround us”
309	12:8	y7uy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	when evil is exalted among the children of mankind	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when people everywhere are praising evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
310	12:8	lrt6			children of mankind	0	Alternate translation: “human beings” or “people”
311	13:intro	nza7				0	# Psalm 013 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 13 is a psalm of deliverance because the psalmist is calling on God to deliver him from death and his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s help\n\nThe author needs God to help him because his enemies will rejoice if they are able to defeat him. The string of rhetorical questions is very effective at heightening the fear David is feeling. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])
312	13:1	vsr8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
313	13:1	hwf6			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
314	13:1	xg9c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How long, Yahweh, will you keep forgetting about me?	0	This question is asked to get the reader’s attention and to add emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, it seems that you have forgotten about me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
315	13:1	v3px		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	How long & face from me?	0	The words “your face” represent God’s whole being. This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems like you are hiding from me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
316	13:2	pg6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How long will my enemy triumph over me?	0	This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely my enemies will not always defeat me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
317	13:3	vs9y			Look at me and answer me	0	Alternate translation: “Give me your attention and listen to me”
318	13:3	x789		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Give light to my eyes	0	This is a way of asking for strength. Alternate translation: “Make me strong again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
319	13:3	t9hl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	or I will sleep in death	0	To “sleep in death” means to die. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
320	13:4	ucm3			Do not let my enemy say & so that my enemy may not say	0	Alternate translation: “Do not let my enemy say about me … so that my enemy may not say about me”
321	13:4	x5p1			when I am brought down	0	Alternate translation: “when I fall” or “when they defeat me”
322	13:5	l1in		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	I have trusted in your covenant faithfulness	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I have trusted that you are faithful to your covenant” or “I have trusted you because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
323	13:5	s3s4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my heart rejoices in your salvation	0	Here “my heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will rejoice because you have rescued me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
324	14:intro	a269				0	# Psalm 014 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 14 is a deliverance psalm because he is trusting God to deliver the poor. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Evil people\n\nWicked people do not even consider God when they make their plans. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
325	14:1	ghg8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
326	14:1	l8jh			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
327	14:1	bwz9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	A fool says in his heart	0	This is an idiom that means to say to oneself or to think to oneself. Alternate translation: “A foolish person says to himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
328	14:1	r75x			They are corrupt	0	The word “they” refers to all foolish human beings who say there is no God.
329	14:2	zm7b			children of mankind	0	This phrase refers to all humans.
330	14:2	vw7w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	who seek after him	0	This describes those who desire to know God as if they were actually following him on a path. Alternate translation: “who desire to know him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
331	14:3	l4ef		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They have all turned away	0	This describes people who have rejected God as if they had stopped walking on the right path and had gone in another direction. Alternate translation: “They have all turned away from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
332	14:4	v11h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do they not know anything & who do not call on Yahweh?	0	This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “They act as if they do not know anything … who do not call on Yahweh. But they know what they are doing!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
333	14:4	a11q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	those who commit iniquity	0	The abstract nouns “iniquity” can be stated as “evil deeds.” Alternate translation: “those who do evil deeds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
334	14:4	amq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	those who eat up my people	0	This refers to those who do evil things and destroy God’s people as if they were eating food. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
335	14:5	g962			They tremble	0	The word “they” refers to those who do evil things.
336	14:5	p7fp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	God is with the righteous assembly	0	To say that “God is with” those who are righteous means that he helps them. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “God helps those who act righteously” or “God helps those who do the right things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
337	14:6	a6ad			You want	0	The word “you” here refers to the wicked people.
338	14:6	eb9r			to humiliate the poor person	0	Alternate translation: “to make the person who is poor feel ashamed”
339	14:6	ysx7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh is his refuge	0	This speaks of the protection that Yahweh provides as if he were a shelter that one might seek in a storm. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is like a shelter of protection to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
340	14:7	uji3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion!	0	This is an exclamation. The writer is saying what he wishes or longs for God to do. Alternate translation: “I wish so much that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
341	14:7	xxx6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion!	0	Here “the salvation of Israel” is a metonym for Yahweh, the one who saves Israel. Alternate translation: “Oh, that Yahweh would come from Zion and save Israel!” or “I wish that Yahweh would come from Zion and rescue his people Israel!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
342	14:7	h25q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	then Jacob will rejoice and Israel will be glad	0	These two phrases mean the same thing. Here both “Jacob” and “Israel” represent the people of Israel. The two phrases can be combined in the translation. Alternate translation: “then all the people of Israel will rejoice greatly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
343	15:intro	j6s2				0	# Psalm 015 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 15 is a wisdom psalm telling how people who honor God should live. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Godliness\n\nThis psalm outlines a person who is godly and sees others from a godly perspective. There are several good actions mentioned. Such a person treats his neighbor right, does not slander him, does not take a bribe or interest from him, and keeps his promises even when it is difficult to do so. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])\n\n### Moral Conditions for Worship\n\nScholars have noted that this psalm contains a list of ten different conditions for those who want to participate in worship at the temple. The list consists of three positives in verse 2, 3 negatives in verse 3, two positives in verse 4, followed by two negatives in verse 5. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
344	15:1	u6j8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
345	15:1	sql5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Who may live on your holy hill?	0	God’s “holy hill” represents God’s temple, which was on Mount Zion. Alternate translation: “Who may live in your holy place?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
346	15:2	jg77			speaks truth from his heart	0	Alternate translation: “speaks honestly”
347	15:3	n4z5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	He does not slander with his tongue	0	Here “tongue” represents what a person says. The word “he” refers to the “righeous person” ([Psalms 15:2](../015/002.md)). Alternate translation: “He does not slander people with his speech” or “He does not say evil things about innocent people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
348	15:3	ih3s			harm	0	hurt
349	15:4	y2jl			The worthless person is despised in his eyes, but he honors those who fear Yahweh	0	Alternate translation: “Righteous people hate those who have rejected God, but they honor those who respect God”
350	15:4	y1aw			The worthless person	0	Alternate translation: “The wicked person” or “The person who has rejected Yahweh”
351	15:5	qq63		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will never be shaken	0	Here “to be shaken” represents not living safely any longer. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will live in safety” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
352	16:intro	hm6c				0	# Psalm 016 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 16 is a psalm of praise, thanking God for all his mercies. The New Testament considers this psalm to be a messianic psalm: a psalm about Christ. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Messiah\n\nGod has been so good to the psalmist, who will worship no other god. The New Testament considers the tenth verse to be about Christ’s resurrection when it says that he is God’s anointed one, and that God will not leave his body in the grave to decay. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]])\n\n### Superscription\n\nThe term “Michtam” is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this term, but in the end no one is certain what it means. So it is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you are welcome to translate it as “psalm.”
353	16:1	m94a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
354	16:1	u6cp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	take refuge in you	0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
355	16:3	b6f8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the holy people who are on the earth	0	Here “holy people” refers to God’s own people who trust him. Alternate translation: “your people who live in this land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
356	16:4	j4m1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Their troubles will be & gods	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The troubles of those who seek other gods will increase” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
357	16:4	b7s4			pour out & blood to their gods	0	Alternate translation: “pour out blood as a sacrifice to their gods”
358	16:4	xj7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	or lift up their names with my lips	0	Lifting up their names is a metaphor for praising them, and “lips” is a metonym for what one says. Alternate translation: “or praise them with my words” or “and I will not praise their gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
359	16:5	v4p8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my chosen portion	0	Here David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a portion of land that has been given to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
360	16:5	b3bh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my cup	0	Here David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a cup that contains many blessings. Alternate translation: “the one who blesses me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
361	16:5	efb4			You hold onto my lot	0	Alternate translation: “You determine my future” or “You control what will happen to me”
362	16:6	qf7f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Measuring lines & in pleasant places	0	Here laying down measuring lines is a metonym for measuring land and giving it to someone, and here this is a metaphor for God blessing David in many great ways. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You have measured off land for me in pleasant places” or “You have given me land in pleasant places” or “You bless me like one who gives land in pleasant places” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
363	16:6	ag3m			Measuring lines	0	These are ropes that people use to measure a plot of land and mark its boundaries.
364	16:6	af57		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	surely a pleasing inheritance is mine	0	Here David speaks of Yahweh’s blessings as if they were an inheritance that he has received. Alternate translation: “I am delighted with all the things that he has given me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
365	16:8	z682			I set Yahweh before me at all times	0	Alternate translation: “I always remember that Yahweh is with me”
366	16:8	yj9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	so I will not be shaken from his right hand	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “nothing will take me away from his side” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
367	16:9	p2bc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my heart is glad	0	Here the “heart” represents the speaker’s thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “Therefore I am glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
368	16:9	e6e1			my glory is rejoicing	0	This could mean: (1) the word “glory” represents the honor a person feels. Alternate translation: “I am honored to rejoice in God” or (2) the word translated “glory” really means “liver” and represents the speaker’s emotions. Alternate translation: “I am rejoicing”
369	16:11	b54u			abundant joy	0	Alternate translation: “great joy” or “a large amount of joy”
370	16:11	hxq5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	joy resides in your presence	0	The writer speaks of “joy” as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
371	16:11	v4yr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	in your right hand	0	The words “right hand” indicate being in God’s special presence. Alternate translation: “when I am near you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
372	17:intro	thd2				0	# Psalm 017 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 17 is a prayer for deliverance from all his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Innocence\n\nThe psalmist is innocent and needs God to rescue him from these enemies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/innocent]])
373	17:1	y32y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
374	17:1	z6y3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Give ear to my prayer from lips without deceit	0	The phrase “give ear” is a metaphor for listening, and “lips without deceit” is synecdoche for a person who does not lie. Alternate translation: “Listen to my prayer for I speak without deceit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
375	17:2	k4su		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Let my vindication come from your presence	0	Vindication coming from God represents God judging someone and declaring him innocent. God’s “presence” is a metonym for God himself. Alternate translation: “Let my vindication come from you” or “Declare that I am innocent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
376	17:2	t9kx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	let your eyes see what is right!	0	Here “your eyes” is synecdoche for God himself, and “see” is a metaphor for paying attention and firmly deciding to do something. Alternate translation: “please see what is right” or “do what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
377	17:3	pi85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	If you test my heart, if you come to me in the night	0	Here “test my heart” means to examine my thoughts and motives. Alternate translation: “If you examine my thoughts in the night” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
378	17:3	w51q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	my mouth will not transgress	0	Here the mouth is spoken of as if it were capable of acting on its own. It also represents the words that a person speaks. Alternate translation: “I will not tell lies or sin with my words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
379	17:4	u1m8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	it is at the word of your lips that I have kept myself from the ways of the lawless	0	Here “the word of your lips” is a metonym for God’s instruction, and “the ways of the lawless” is a metaphor for the things that lawless people do. Alternate translation: “it is by obeying your instruction that I have kept myself from doing the things that lawless people do” or “your instruction has caused me to avoid doing wicked things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
380	17:5	nw8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	My steps have held firmly to your tracks; my feet have not slipped	0	Both of these clauses mean the same thing. The repetition adds emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
381	17:5	ve61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my feet have not slipped	0	The writer speaks of his obedience to God as if he were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “I am determined to follow your ways” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
382	17:6	fh7p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	turn your ear to me & listen when I speak	0	These phrases mean the same thing. Here “your ear” refers to God’s willingness to hear someone who prays to him. Alternate translation: “pay attention to me … listen when I speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
383	17:7	m4v2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Show your covenant faithfulness in a wonderful way	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Show in a wonderful way that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
384	17:7	g2x5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	your right hand	0	The “right hand” refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “your mighty power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
385	17:7	ll6h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	take refuge in you	0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
386	17:8	ar64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Protect me like the apple of your eye	0	The “apple of your eye” refers to something that is valuable. Alternate translation: “Protect me as you would something most valuable and precious” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
387	17:8	f3hh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	hide me under the shadow of your wings	0	David speaks of God’s protection as if he were a bird protecting its young under its wings. Alternate translation: “Keep me safe as a mother bird protects her babies by gathering them under her wing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
388	17:10	rd6l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	their mouths speak with pride	0	Here “their mouths speak” represents his enemies when they speak. Alternate translation: “they speak with pride” or “they are always boasting” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
389	17:11	yzx5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	They have surrounded my steps	0	Here “surrounded my steps” represents how David’s enemies have followed him everywhere he goes in order to capture him. Alternate translation: “My enemies have surrounded me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
390	17:12	iq89		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	like a lion eager for a victim, like a young lion crouching in hidden places	0	These two phrases express very similar ideas. The repetition adds intensity. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
391	17:12	c8wr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	They are like a lion & like a young lion	0	The writer feels pursued the way a lion hunts its prey (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
392	17:13	p2s3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	by your sword	0	This is a metaphor for Yahweh’s power and for violent death in war. Alternate translation: “by having them die in war” or “by killing them in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
393	17:14	mf1x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Rescue me from men by your hand, Yahweh, from men of this world	0	This clause adds intensity to the words “Rescue my life from the wicked by your sword” ([Psalms 17:13](../017/013.md)). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
394	17:14	wh2m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	by your hand	0	These words represent the power of Yahweh and add intensity to the words “by your sword” ([Psalms 17:13](../017/013.md)). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
395	17:14	xg3n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	You will fill the bellies of your treasured ones with riches	0	The ancient text is hard to understand. This could mean: (1) “treasured” is a metaphor for loved, and “your treasured ones” refers to the people whom God loves. Alternate translation: “you will fill the bellies of the people you love with riches” or (2) “your treasured ones” refers to treasures that God gives to people, the “men of this world” Alternate translation: “you will fill their bellies with rich treasures” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
396	17:14	knu1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	You will fill the bellies & with riches	0	Here “fill the bellies … with riches” is a metaphor for giving them many valuable things. This could mean: (1) “You will give many riches to the people you love” or (2) “you will give the men of this world many riches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
397	17:15	ck39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	I will see your face in righteousness	0	Here “face” represents Yahweh in all of his being. David is confident he will see Yahweh. Alternate translation: “because I act in the right way, I will be with you one day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
398	17:15	bpx8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I will be satisfied, when I awake, with a sight of you	0	David believes that after he dies, he will be with Yahweh. This can be made clear in the translation. Alternate translation: “After I die, I will be happy to wake up in your presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
399	18:intro	enj7				0	# Psalm 018 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 18 is a psalm of praise to God for his strengthening David for war.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s power\n\nGod has tremendous power and he enabled David to prosper in war. This psalm, and its superscription, also appears in 1 Samuel 22 with some minor differences.
400	18:1	xfk3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
401	18:1	ig1a			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
402	18:1	vm1x			A psalm of David	0	This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
403	18:1	p2da			he sang to Yahweh the words of this song	0	Alternate translation: “he sang this song to Yahweh”
404	18:1	rhv3			on the day that Yahweh rescued him	0	Alternate translation: “after Yahweh had rescued him”
405	18:1	hna8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from the hand of Saul	0	Here “hand” stands for the power of Saul. Alternate translation: “from Saul’s power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
406	18:2	tcf6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh is my rock	0	David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock. The word “rock” is a picture of a safe place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
407	18:2	bmi2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	my rock, my fortress	0	Here the words “rock” and “fortress” share similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh provides safety from enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
408	18:2	v8xz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	take refuge in him	0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to him for protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
409	18:2	k49n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my shield, the horn of my salvation, and my stronghold	0	David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a “shield,” “the horn” of his salvation, and his “stronghold.” Yahweh is the one who protects him from harm. Here a similar idea is repeated three ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
410	18:3	d5g1			I will be saved from my enemies	0	Alternate translation: “I will be rescued from my enemies”
411	18:4	fsd4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The cords of death surrounded me	0	David speaks of death as if it were a person who could capture him and bind him with ropes. Alternate translation: “I was about to be killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
412	18:4	m5rx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	rushing waters of worthlessness	0	David is as helpless as if he were being carried away by a rushing flood of waters. Alternate translation: “I felt completely helpless” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
413	18:5	e9l1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The cords of Sheol surrounded me; the snares of death trapped me	0	Here “Sheol,” the place of the dead, and “death” are spoken of as if they were people who could surround and trap him. These two clauses have similar meanings and the idea is repeated for emphasis. Alternate translation: “I felt trapped and thought I was going to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
414	18:6	s721			In my distress	0	Alternate translation: “In my great need” or “In my despair”
415	18:6	jr71		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	my call for help went into his presence	0	Here David speaks of his “call for help” as if it were a person who could come into the presence of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I prayed to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
416	18:6	fs4g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	it went into his ears	0	Here David speaks of how Yahweh heard his cry for help. The idea is repeated for emphasis. Alternate translation: “he heard my appeal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
417	18:7	dal8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Then the earth & shaken because God was angry	0	God’s being angry is spoken of as if the there was a terrible earthquake. Alternate translation: “God was so angry that it was as if the earth … shaken” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
418	18:7	xka3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	the earth shook and trembled	0	The words “shook” and “trembled” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how greatly the earth shook. Alternate translation: “the land moved back and forth” or “the ground moved up and down” or “there was a violent earthquake” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
419	18:7	svs2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the foundations of the mountains also trembled and were shaken	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the foundations of the mountains also trembled and shook” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
420	18:8	al4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Smoke went up from out of his nostrils & Coals were ignited by it	0	David speaks of Yahweh as if he were breathing fire. This is a picture of how angry God was. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
421	18:8	zsk4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	blazing fire came out of his mouth. Coals were ignited by it	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “blazing fire came out of his mouth and ignited coals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
422	18:9	fkd8			He opened	0	The word “He” refers to Yahweh.
423	18:9	aw5e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	thick darkness was under his feet	0	Though Yahweh does not actually have feet, the Psalmist gives him human characteristics. Alternate translation: “thick darkness was beneath him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
424	18:10	wt4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	wings of the wind	0	Here the Psalmist speaks of the wind as if it had wings like an angel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
425	18:11	a2gi			He made darkness & him	0	Here the words “He” and “him” refer to Yahweh.
426	18:11	edg2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He made darkness a tent	0	Here darkness is spoken of as if it were a tent. Alternate translation: “He made darkness a covering” or “He made darkness a hiding place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
427	18:11	jnx8			heavy rainclouds	0	Alternate translation: “clouds heavy with rain” or “thick, dark rainclouds”
428	18:12	t3xj			Hailstones	0	stones made of ice
429	18:13	dn6a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Yahweh thundered in the heavens	0	Yahweh’s voice sounded like thunder. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
430	18:13	dvy3			the Most High	0	“the Most High” refers to Yahweh.
431	18:14	cw24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	He shot his arrows and scattered his enemies & lightning bolts dispersed them	0	Both of these clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
432	18:14	h2p3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He shot his arrows and scattered his enemies	0	Here lighting strikes are being spoken of as if they were arrows (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
433	18:14	p7tz			dispersed them	0	Alternate translation: “sent them in different directions”
434	18:15	jfu2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Then the water channels appeared; the foundations of the world were laid bare	0	These two clauses have similar meanings. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then the water channels appeared and the bottom of the ocean became visible; you exposed the foundations of the world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
435	18:15	a125		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	at the blast of the breath of your nostrils	0	Though God does not have human physical characteristics as described here, this pictures his mighty strength. The wind is spoken of here as if it came as a mighty blast from God’s nostrils. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
436	18:16	m4pi			He reached down & he took hold & He pulled me	0	The word “He” in these verses refers to Yahweh.
437	18:16	kef1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	surging water	0	Here the Psalmist speaks of the dangers of his enemies as if they were huge waves or forceful waters, from which Yahweh has rescued him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
438	18:18	eej1			They came against me	0	Here “They” refers to the strong enemies in verse 17.
439	18:18	s1sk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	They came against me on the day of my distress but Yahweh was my support	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **distress**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **support**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “protected.” Alternate translation: “Strong enemies attacked me on a day when I was distressed, but Yahweh protected me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
440	18:20	a3vx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my hands were clean	0	Here having clean hands represents being innocent of wrongdoing. Alternate translation: “I was innocent” or “my actions were right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
441	18:21	y3m6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I have kept the ways of Yahweh	0	The laws of Yahweh are spoken of as if they were the paths on which one should walk. Alternate translation: “I have obeyed Yahweh’s laws” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
442	18:21	tu8a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	have not wickedly turned away from my God	0	Here being wicked is spoken of as if one left the right path and took the wrong path. Alternate translation: “have not done wickedly by turning away from my God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
443	18:22	t97s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	For all his righteous decrees & I have not turned away from them	0	Both of these clauses have similar meanings. The writer repeats these ideas for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
444	18:22	gtv3			have been before me	0	Alternate translation: “have guided me” or “I have remembered”
445	18:23	gug9			innocent before him	0	Alternate translation: “innocent according to him”
446	18:23	gz4q			I have kept myself from sin	0	Alternate translation: “I have not sinned”
447	18:24	tu18		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my hands were clean	0	To have “clean hands” means that one is innocent of wrongdoing. See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:20](../018/020.md): Alternate translation: “I was innocent” or “my actions were right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
448	18:24	t3bt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	before his eyes	0	This refers to God’s presence. Alternate translation: “before him” or “according to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
449	18:25	tb5y			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThe writer speaks to Yahweh.
450	18:25	h851		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	To the one who is faithful	0	Here “faithful” means to do what God commands one to do. You can state this clearly. Alternate translation: “to those who faithfully obey your commandments” or “to those who faithfully do your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
451	18:26	cn7t			you are clever toward anyone who is twisted	0	Alternate translation: “you outwit anyone who is not honest”
452	18:27	v6yq			you bring down	0	Alternate translation: “you humiliate”
453	18:27	w4ji		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	with proud, uplifted eyes	0	This idiom refers to those who are proud. Alternate translation: “who are proud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
454	18:28	w4pi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	For you give light to my lamp; Yahweh my God lights up my darkness	0	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s presence as if he were a light. These clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
455	18:29	jv31			For by you I can run over a barricade	0	Alternate translation: “For with your help I can cross any obstacle”
456	18:30	v53y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He is a shield to everyone who takes refuge in him	0	A shield protects a soldier. David speaks as if God were a shield protecting him. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:3](../003/003.md). Alternate translation: “You, Yahweh, protect like a shield everyone who takes refuge in you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
457	18:31	d8xy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	For who is God except Yahweh? Who is a rock except our God?	0	The implied answer is no one. Alternate translation: “Only Yahweh is God! Only our God is a rock!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
458	18:31	xn5i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	a rock	0	David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock that he could climb to get away from his enemies. See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:2](../018/002.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
459	18:32	w9ef		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	puts strength on me like a belt	0	God gives strength to David as if it were a piece of clothing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
460	18:32	z4ka		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	places the blameless person on his path	0	Here David speaks of living a life that is pleasing to God as if he were being placed on the right path. Alternate translation: “causes the blameless person to live a righteous life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
461	18:33	w92y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	makes my feet swift	0	This refers to enabling a person to run fast. Alternate translation: “makes me run very fast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
462	18:33	g696		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like a deer and places me on the heights	0	The deer is especially quick and stable in the mountains. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
463	18:34	q1v4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	He trains my hands	0	Here “my hands” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “He trains me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
464	18:34	tq4k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my arms	0	This refers to the person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
465	18:35	juz2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the shield of your salvation	0	Here the writer speaks of God’s protection as if it were a shield. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “your protection and saved me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
466	18:35	x6rm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Your right hand has supported me	0	Here God’s right hand represents his power. Alternate translation: “Your power has supported me” or “You have supported me by your power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
467	18:35	yr5f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	your favor has made me great	0	Here God’s favor represents him acting according to his favor. Alternate translation: “You have made me great according to your favor” or “By your kindness, you have made me great” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
468	18:36	ui92		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	a wide place for my feet beneath me	0	The writer speaks of the safety that God has provided as if it were a wide place for him to stand. Here “my feet” represent the person. Alternate translation: “a safe place for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
469	18:36	qhq7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my feet have not slipped	0	Here “my feet” refers to the person. The writer refers to the safety of God’s protection as if he were standing on a place where he will not slip or fall. Alternate translation: “I have not slipped” or “I am doing well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
470	18:38	v638			I smashed them	0	Alternate translation: “I crushed them” or “I broke them to pieces”
471	18:38	z8w8			unable to rise	0	Alternate translation: “unable to stand”
472	18:38	af9q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	they have fallen under my feet	0	This idiom means the Psalmist has defeated his enemies. Alternate translation: “I have defeated all of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
473	18:39	t3xr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	put strength on me like a belt	0	The Psalmist says that Yahweh has given him strength that surrounds and supports him like a belt. See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:32](../018/032.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
474	18:39	xyh3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	you put under me	0	Here the Psalmist speaks of the defeat of his enemies as if he were standing on them. Alternate translation: “you defeat for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
475	18:39	xyp2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	those who rise up against me	0	This refers to those who oppose the Psalmist. Alternate translation: “those who are my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
476	18:40	h5yv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	You gave me the back of my enemies’ necks	0	This represents God giving David victory over his enemies. Alternate translation: “You gave me victory over my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
477	18:40	m3tx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	You gave me the back of my enemies’ necks	0	This represents God giving David victory over his enemies. Possible images are: (1) David could cut his enemies’ heads off at the neck or (2) David could put his foot down on his enemies’ necks or (3) David could see his enemies’ backs when they ran away from him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
478	18:40	gp8b			I annihilated those who hated me	0	Alternate translation: “I defeated those who hated me” or “I destroyed completely those who hated me”
479	18:41	whl5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	but he did not answer them	0	This means Yahweh did not provide any help. Alternate translation: “but he did not help them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
480	18:42	tjm8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	I beat them into fine pieces like dust before the wind	0	The psalmists enemies are compared to dust to show how defeated they are. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
481	18:42	vu6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	I threw them out like mud in the streets	0	The psalmist’s enemies are compared to mud in the streets to show how defeated they are. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
482	18:43	t95d			disputes	0	disagreements, arguments
483	18:43	i9s6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	have made me the head over nations	0	Here “head” represents the ruler. Alternate translation: “appointed me to be the ruler over many nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
484	18:44	c7dv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	foreigners were forced to bow	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God forced foreigners to bow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
485	18:45	t4uc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	foreigners came trembling	0	Here “trembling” shows that they were very afraid. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “foreigners came shaking, showing that they were very afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
486	18:46	w5z5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	may my rock be praised	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he is my rock and he should be praised” or “may people praise my rock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
487	18:46	mv1z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my rock	0	Here the writer speaks of Yahweh’s protection as if he were a rock that prevented his enemies from reaching him. See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:2](../018/002.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
488	18:46	h9ey		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	May the God of my salvation be exalted	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “May people exalt the God of my salvation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
489	18:46	xf2h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	the God of my salvation	0	The abstract nouns “salvation” can be stated as “saved” or “rescued.” Alternate translation: “the God who rescued me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
490	18:47	v7ab		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	the God who executes vengeance for me	0	To “execute vengeance” means to punish people for their evil actions. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the God who punishes people for the evil things they have done to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
491	18:48	l9y3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	I am set free	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has set me free” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
492	18:48	z54b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you lifted me above	0	Yahweh’s protection of the writer is spoken of as if he lifted the writer up so high that his enemies could not reach him to harm him. Alternate translation: “you put me in a safe place high above” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
493	18:48	k73f			who rose against me	0	Alternate translation: “who attacked me” or “who rebelled against me”
494	18:48	inl3			violent men	0	Alternate translation: “cruel men” or “savage men”
495	18:49	f8x9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	among the nations	0	Here the writer means that he will give thanks to Yahweh so that all people will hear of Yahweh’s greatness. Alternate translation: “so all the nations will hear about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
496	18:49	qvh1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to your name	0	Here “name” represents God himself. Alternate translation: “in honor of your name” or “to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
497	18:50	ggt6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	victory to his king	0	By using the words “his king,” David is referring to himself as king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
498	18:50	sw5u			he shows his covenant loyalty to his anointed one & to his descendants forever	0	Alternate translation: “he faithfully loves me as he promised in his covenant, and he will love my descendants forever”
499	19:intro	sn29				0	# Psalm 019 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 19 is a praise psalm, praising God for his creation and for his law.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God’s law\n\nGod’s law keeps people from sinning. There are two distinct themes in this psalm. Verses 1-6 are God’s glory in the heavens and the second is praising God for his law. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
500	19:1	s9h1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
501	19:1	j4zh			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
502	19:1	mn6q			The heavens declare	0	The heavens are described as if they were a person. Alternate translation: “The heavens show” or “The heavens look like they declare”
503	19:1	iz5q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	the skies make his handiwork known	0	The skies are described as if they were a teacher. Alternate translation: “The skies seem to make God’s handiwork known to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
504	19:1	a8iy			his handiwork	0	Alternate translation: “his creation” or “the world that he has made”
505	19:2	c72h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	speech pours out	0	What is beautiful about creation is compared to speaking, as if creation were a person. Then those words are compared to water that flows everywhere. Alternate translation: “creation is like a person speaking to everyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
506	19:3	lmv7			There is no speech or spoken words; their voice is not heard	0	These phrases express clearly that the first two verses were a metaphor. Alternate translation: “There is no real speech or spoken words; no one hears an actual voice with their ears”
507	19:3	pa4x			their voice is not heard	0	Other translations read “where their voice is not heard,” emphasizing that creation’s “speech” is available everywhere.
508	19:4	w3s6			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nDavid has just said that creation shows God’s glory.
509	19:4	c2us			their words & their speech	0	This refers to the unspoken “words” of creation that show God’s glory.
510	19:4	r4zj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	their words go out	0	The words are described as if they were people who go out with a message. Alternate translation: “the words that creation speaks are like people who go out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
511	19:4	kf9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	their speech to the end of the world	0	The implied words can be included in the translation. Alternate translation: “their speech goes out to the end of the world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
512	19:4	bdz7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He has pitched a tent for the sun	0	Here the writer speaks of the place that Yahweh created for the sun as if it were a tent. Alternate translation: “He created a place for the sun” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
513	19:4	n177			among them	0	The word “them” probably refers to the heavens.
514	19:5	s244		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The sun is like a bridegroom coming out of his chamber	0	The writer speaks of the sun’s coming out as if it were a bridegroom. Alternate translation: “The sun is like a bridegroom walking joyfully toward his bride” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
515	19:5	xes3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like a strong man who rejoices when he runs his race	0	This compares the sun to an athlete to emphasize the strength and brightness of the sun. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
516	19:5	l7b8			a strong man	0	Alternate translation: “a fast runner”
517	19:6	tah2			horizon	0	the line where the earth and the sky meet
518	19:6	wz8h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	to the other	0	Here “other” refers to the other horizon. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “to the other horizon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
519	19:6	unx8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	nothing escapes its heat	0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “everything feels its heat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
520	19:7	z9pg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	restoring the soul	0	The words “the soul” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “making a person strong again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
521	19:7	a789			the simple	0	Alternate translation: “those who have no experience” or “those who have not learned”
522	19:8	spr1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the heart	0	These words refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “a person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
523	19:8	nuk1			are right	0	Alternate translation: “are true” or “are correct”
524	19:8	t8c5			bringing light to the eyes	0	This could mean: (1) “bringing understanding to a person” or (2) “making a person healthy again”
525	19:9	xac8			altogether right	0	Alternate translation: “completely right”
526	19:10	x983		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They are of greater value than gold & they are sweeter than honey	0	Yahweh’s decrees are spoken of as if they could be bought and tasted. Alternate translation: “If you could buy them, they would be of greater value than gold … if you could taste them, they would be sweeter than honey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
527	19:10	e6s3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	even more than much fine gold	0	The word “valuable” is understood from the previous phrase and can be repeated. Alternate translation: “even more valuable than a lot of fine gold” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
528	19:10	k6x4			fine gold	0	Alternate translation: “pure gold” or “expensive gold”
529	19:11	y6a9			Yes	0	This word marks that there is more to the truth than what has just been said. Alternate translation: “Moreover”
530	19:11	s1f4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	by them your servant is warned	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they warn your servant” or “they are a warning for your servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
531	19:11	e73b			by them & in obeying them	0	The word “them” refers to Yahweh’s righteous decrees.
532	19:11	nk1k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	your servant is warned	0	David calls himself “your servant” when speaking to God as a sign of respect. Alternate translation: “I am warned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
533	19:12	uj5e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who can discern all his own errors?	0	This appears in the form of a question to add emphasis and can be translated as a strong statement. Alternate translation: No one can be aware of his own errors!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
534	19:12	gsx9			from hidden faults	0	Alternate translation: “from secret mistakes I have made”
535	19:13	j82u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Keep your servant also from	0	This idiom pictures the servant as being removed from the sins he does not wish to commit. Alternate translation: “Also, protect your servant from doing” or “Also, make sure that I do not commit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
536	19:13	z1tt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	your servant	0	David calls himself “your servant” when speaking to God as a sign of respect. See how you translated this in [Psalms 19:11](../019/011.md). Alternate translation: “I” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
537	19:13	b3bd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	let them not rule over me	0	Sins are described as if they were a king that could rule over someone. Alternate translation: “do not let my sins become like a king who rules over me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
538	19:13	axe2			innocent from many transgressions	0	Alternate translation: “innocent of rebelling against you” or “innocent of committing many sins”
539	19:14	l16r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the words of my mouth and the thoughts of my heart	0	These expressions taken together describe everything a person says and thinks. Alternate translation: “the things I say and the things I think about” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
540	19:14	t28d			be acceptable in your sight	0	Alternate translation: “receive approval in your sight” or “be pleasing to you”
541	19:14	bu1w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	in your sight	0	Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your judgment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
542	19:14	vn8k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh, my rock	0	The writer speaks of God as if he were a rock that one could climb and be protected from his enemies. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you are like my rock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
543	20:intro	h99t				0	# Psalm 020 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 20 is a royal psalm. It is probably a prayer for the king, perhaps when he first became king.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Trust\n\nTrusting God is much better than trusting in military might. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
544	20:1	v6pl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThis Psalm begins with a group of people speaking to the king of Israel. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
545	20:1	h9gw			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
546	20:1	vrb5			help you	0	The word “you” in this Psalm is singular and refers to the king.
547	20:1	pt3b			in the day of trouble	0	Alternate translation: “in times of trouble” or “when you are in trouble”
548	20:1	dp3k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	may the name of the God of Jacob protect you	0	This could mean: (1) here “name” is a metonym for God’s power. Alternate translation: “may the power of the God of Jacob protect you” or “may the God of Jacob protect you by his power” or (2) here “name” is a metonym for God himself. Alternate translation: “may the God of Jacob protect you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
549	20:2	b9ek		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	send help from the holy place	0	God helping from his holy place is spoken of as if God were sending help. Alternate translation: “may Yahweh help you from his holy place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
550	20:2	y51h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	holy place & Zion	0	Both of these refer to God’s temple in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
551	20:3	yz44		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	May he call to mind	0	The phrase “call to mind” is a way of saying “remember.” It does not mean God forgot. It means to consider or think about. Alternate translation: “May he remember” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
552	20:3	kyh3			May he	0	The word “he” refers to Yahweh.
553	20:4	r6y3			May he grant	0	Alternate translation: “May he give”
554	20:4	wht8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	your heart’s desire	0	Here “heart” stands for the entire person. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desire**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what you desire” or “what you want” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
555	20:4	u619		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	fulfill all your plans	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **plans**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “may he help you to accomplish everything that you plan to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
556	20:5	h4h3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	we will rejoice in your victory	0	Here “we” refers to the people. They will rejoice in the king’s victory. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
557	20:5	bw3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in the name of our God	0	Here “name” represents honor or reputation. Alternate translation: “in honor of our God” or “for the reputation of our God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
558	20:5	p9n1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	we will raise banners	0	“we will raise victory flags.” They would do this to show that they were praising God because he gave their king victory over his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
559	20:5	k3dy			grant all your petitions	0	Alternate translation: “give you everything you request from him”
560	20:6	zm9a			Now	0	This word is used here to mark a break in the psalm. It transitions from the people speaking to the king speaking.
561	20:6	nu7b			I know	0	The word “I” probably refers to the king who is speaking in this section.
562	20:6	d8xz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	his anointed one & answer him & rescue him	0	The king is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “me, his anointed one … answer me … rescue me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
563	20:6	bd3g			from his holy heaven	0	God dwells in heaven as well as in the temple in Jerusalem ([Psalms 20:2](../020/002.md)).
564	20:6	xcm6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	with the strength of his right hand that can rescue him	0	God’s right hand represents his power. Alternate translation: “with his great strength he will rescue him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
565	20:7	f9cd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Some trust in chariots and others in horses	0	Here “chariots” and “horses” represent a king’s army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
566	20:7	xr24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	others in horses	0	The word “trust” is understood. Alternate translation: “other trust in horses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
567	20:7	mwu6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	we call	0	Here “we” refers to the writer and the readers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
568	20:8	e7uq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	we will rise	0	Here “we” refers to the writer and the readers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
569	20:8	q1tp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	They will be brought down and fall	0	The word “They” refers to the people who trust in chariots and horses. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will bring them down and make them fall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
570	20:8	g7uv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	brought down and fall	0	Both these verbs mean basically the same thing. Both of these stand for losing in battle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
571	20:8	y7lr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	we will rise and stand upright	0	“we will get up and stand up straight.” These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Both of these stand for victory in battle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
572	20:9	c5i4			Yahweh, rescue the king	0	This could mean: (1) the people ask God to protect the king or (2) the king continues to speak about himself in the third person.
573	20:9	brk5			the king; help us when we call	0	Some translations understand the Hebrew differently. Some translate it as the people speaking to Yahweh their king. Alternate translation: “King, help us when we call you”
574	21:intro	mq8x				0	# Psalm 021 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 21 is a royal psalm. The king is praying for victory. Victory in war comes from the power and help from God.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Pronouns\n\nThere is a shift in pronouns in this psalm. In verses 1-6 the psalm addresses Yahweh in second person but in verse 7 the psalmist uses third person before moving back to second person in the latter part.
575	21:1	k12k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
576	21:1	h69b			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
577	21:1	bt8s			in your strength, Yahweh	0	It is implied that this is strength Yahweh has given the king to defeat his enemies. Alternate translation: because you, Yahweh, have made him strong enough to defeat his enemies”
578	21:1	bka2			How greatly he rejoices	0	Alternate translation: “He rejoices greatly”
579	21:1	r5nd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	in the salvation you provide	0	It is implied that God has saved the king from his enemies. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “because you have saved him from his enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
580	21:2	cey2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	his heart’s desire	0	“his heart’s wish.” Here “heart” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “his desire” or “what he wished for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
581	21:2	gez6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	have not held back	0	“have not refused him.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you have given him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
582	21:2	f8dh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the request of his lips	0	Here “lips” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “his request” or “what he requested of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
583	21:3	q3ts		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	you bring him rich blessings	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **blessings**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “bless” or “good things.” Alternate translation: “you bless him greatly” or “you give him many good things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
584	21:3	px6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	you placed on his head a crown of purest gold	0	To place a crown on a person’s head is a symbol of making him a king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
585	21:3	za3g			a crown of purest gold	0	Here “purest gold” represents the great honor given to the king.
586	21:4	yzs5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	He asked you for life; you gave it to him	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **life**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “He asked that you cause him to live for a long time; you caused it to happen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
587	21:4	y4ml		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the length of his days forever and ever	0	The idiom “the length of his days” refers to the duration of his life. Alternate translation: “a long life that lasts forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
588	21:5	i6i4			His glory	0	Alternate translation: “The king’s honor” or “The king’s fame”
589	21:5	k3gt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you have bestowed on him splendor and majesty	0	“you have placed on him splendor and majesty.” Causing the king to be wealthy and powerful is spoken of as if splendor and majesty are objects that are placed on him. Alternate translation: “you have made him wealthy and powerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
590	21:6	w2zk			you grant him	0	Alternate translation: “you allow him to have” or “you agree to give him”
591	21:6	rf4f			lasting blessings	0	Alternate translation: “a blessings that will last” or “a blessings that will stay”
592	21:6	v3m2			the joy of your presence	0	Alternate translation: “the joy of being in your presence” or “the joy that comes from you being near to you”
593	21:7	mbf3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	through the covenant faithfulness of the Most High	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because the Most High is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
594	21:7	j1gh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	he will not be moved	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will remove him as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
595	21:8	w7ck		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Your hand will seize	0	Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “Your power will seize” or “You will powerfully seize” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
596	21:8	irz4			Your hand & hate you	0	Possible meaning of all occurrences of **your** and **you** are: (1) they refer to the king or (2) they refer to God.
597	21:8	yew7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	your right hand will seize those who hate you	0	This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. It emphasizes that God will give the king the power to stop his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
598	21:9	lmc9			At the time of your anger	0	Alternate translation: “When you are angry and begin to act”
599	21:9	hhy3			your anger & you will burn	0	The words **your** and **you** refers to either: (1) God or (2) the king.
600	21:9	xdq2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you will burn them up as in a fiery furnace	0	Yahweh or the king destroying their enemies is spoken of as if their enemies are wood and Yahweh or the king will throw them into a furnace. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
601	21:9	fc6d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Yahweh will consume them in his wrath, and the fire will devour them	0	Both clauses mean basically the same thing. Yahweh completely destroying his enemies is spoken of as if his wrath is a fire that completely burns up his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
602	21:10	wsu5			You will destroy	0	The word **you** refers to either: (1) God or (2) the king.
603	21:10	i3zy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	from the earth & from among the human race	0	Both phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that absolutely none of their enemies will survive. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
604	21:11	fhu8			they intended	0	“they planned.” The word “they” refers to the enemies of God and the king.
605	21:11	z63c			evil against you	0	Alternate translation: “to do evil things to you”
606	21:11	h29d			they conceived a plot	0	Alternate translation: “they made a plan” or “they created a scheme”
607	21:12	bsd1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	For you will turn them back; you will draw your bow before them	0	Possible meanings for **your** and **you** are: (1) they refer to the king or (2) they refer to God and speak about him as if he were a warrior with a bow and arrows. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
608	21:12	ti25		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	you will turn them back	0	This is a way of saying that God and the king will defeat their enemies in battle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
609	21:12	ge87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	you will draw your bow before them	0	This implies that he actually shoots his arrows at his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
610	21:13	aul7			Be exalted, Yahweh, in your strength	0	This could mean: (1) “Yahweh, show us that you are very strong” or (2) “Yahweh, because you are strong we will exalt you”
611	21:13	w52b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	we will sing and praise your power	0	The words “sing” and “praise” share similar meanings. Here the word “power” represents God and his power. Alternate translation: “with singing we will praise you because you are powerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
612	22:intro	y7hl				0	# Psalm 022 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 22 is a messianic psalm. It contains references to events during the crucifixion of Christ. It is also a psalm of individual lament and praise. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/crucify]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Messiah\n\nChrist was despised and taunted by his enemies; but finally people all over the earth will bow down to him.\n\n### New Testament usage\n\nThis psalm is quoted in different places in the New Testament. Verse 1a is cited in Matthew 27:46 and Mark 15:34 as the words of Christ on the cross. Many of the events in the narratives of the crucifixion are mentioned in this psalm. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]])
613	22:1	lw3l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
614	22:1	k951			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
615	22:1	ux16			The rhythm of the deer	0	This may refer to a style of music.
616	22:1	smt9			My God, my God	0	The writer repeats “My God” to emphasize that he is desperate for God to hear him.
617	22:1	a733		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	my God, why have you abandoned me?	0	The writer uses a question to emphasize that he feels like God has abandoned him. It may be best to leave this as a question. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “my God, I feel like you have abandoned me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
618	22:1	z48u			you abandoned me	0	Alternate translation: “you left me all alone”
619	22:1	fnk8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why are you so far from saving me and far from the words of my anguish?	0	Again the writer uses a question to emphasize that he feels like God is far away from him. It may be best to leave this as a question. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are far from saving me and far from the words of my anguish!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
620	22:1	y7ec		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	far from the words of my anguish	0	The writer feeling like God is not listening to him is spoken of as if God were far from his words of anguish. Alternate translation: “why do you not listen when I speak to you about the anguish I feel” or “I have told you about my suffering but you do not come to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
621	22:2	dzu2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	in the daytime & at night	0	The writer uses the words “daytime” and “night” to mean he prays to God all the time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
622	22:2	j5c4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	I am not silent	0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I still speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
623	22:3	zle3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you sit as king with the praises of Israel	0	“the praises of Israel are the throne on which you sit as king.” The praises of Israel are described as if they are a throne upon which God can sit and rule, or as a house in which God can live. Alternate translation: “you are king and the people of Israel praise you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
624	22:3	viy1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	of Israel	0	Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
625	22:5	u4pd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	were not disappointed	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you did not disappoint them” or “you did not fail them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
626	22:5	vjq8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	were not disappointed	0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you saved them” or “you did for them what they needed you to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
627	22:6	m3yz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I am a worm and not a man	0	The writer speaks of himself as if he were a worm. This emphasizes that he feels worthless or that the people treat him as if he were worthless. Alternate translation: “But it is like I am a worm and not a man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
628	22:6	xml4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	disgrace to humanity and despised by the people	0	Both of these phrase mean basically the same thing. The phrase “despised by the people” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “everyone thinks I am worthless and the people hate me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
629	22:7	gq6v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	taunt me; they mock me; they shake their heads at me	0	These three phrases share similar meanings and emphasize how much people disrespect him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
630	22:7	nu8j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	they shake their heads at me	0	This describes an action used to mock someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
631	22:8	v7ta		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	He trusts in Yahweh & delights in him	0	The people are saying this to mock the writer. They do not really believe Yahweh will rescue him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
632	22:8	ip8x			Let him rescue him	0	Alternate translation: “Let Yahweh rescue him”
633	22:8	h2ys			for he delights in him	0	This could mean: (1) “for Yahweh delights in him” or (2) “for he delights in Yahweh”
634	22:9	lz9a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	For you	0	The writer uses the word “For” to begin explaining why he is confused and asking God why he is not coming to help. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
635	22:9	g6i1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	you brought me from the womb	0	This is a way of saying “you caused me to be born.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
636	22:9	h37n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	when I was on my mother’s breasts	0	This means that he has been trusting in Yahweh since he was very young. Alternate translation: “even from the time that I drank milk from my mother’s breasts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
637	22:10	ua28		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I have been thrown on you from the womb	0	The phrase “have been thrown on” is a way of saying that Yahweh has taken care of him as if Yahweh had adopted him as his own child. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It was as though you had adopted me right when I was born” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
638	22:10	qi4n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	you are my God	0	This implies that Yahweh has always taken care of the writer. Alternate translation: “you, God, have taken care of me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
639	22:10	bd6c			since I was in my mother’s womb	0	Alternate translation: “since before I was born”
640	22:11	tz1y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	Do not be far away from me	0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Come close to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
641	22:11	mc7w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	for trouble is near	0	The writer speaks about “trouble” as if it were an object that is near him. Alternate translation: “for my enemies are near me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
642	22:11	sub2			there is no one to help	0	Alternate translation: “there is no helper”
643	22:12	e14p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Many bulls surround me; strong bulls of Bashan surround me	0	The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were bulls. This emphasizes how dangerous and powerful his enemies are. Alternate translation: “I have many enemies and they are like bulls that surround me; they are like strong bulls from Bashan that surround me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
644	22:13	tfu9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They open their mouths wide against me	0	The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions with the mouths open ready to eat him. His enemies may be speaking lies to discredit him. Or they may be threatening him and attacking him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
645	22:13	qv8i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like a roaring lion ripping its victim	0	The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions. This emphasizes how powerful and dangerous his enemies are. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
646	22:14	q64m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	I am being poured out like water	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It is like someone is pouring me out like water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
647	22:14	d2h5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	I am being poured out like water	0	The writer speaks about feeling completely exhausted and weak as if he were water being poured out of a jar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
648	22:14	pjf3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	all my bones are dislocated	0	“all my bones are out of place.” It is possible the writer is in some kind of physical pain. Or he may be speaking of his emotional pain as if it were physical pain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
649	22:14	ws5l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	My heart is like wax & inner parts	0	The writer speaks about no longer having courage as if his heart melted like wax. Here “heart” represents “courage.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
650	22:14	y32r			wax	0	a soft substance that melts at a relatively low temperature
651	22:14	k6ki			within my inner parts	0	Alternate translation: “inside of me”
652	22:15	fpb6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	My strength has dried up like a piece of pottery	0	The writer speaks about feeling weak as if his strength were like a dry piece of pottery that can easily break. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
653	22:15	w7be			piece of pottery	0	an object made of baked clay that can be used in the house
654	22:15	g95x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth	0	“my tongue sticks to the top of my mouth.” The writer may be describing his extreme thirst. Or he may be continuing to speak about being weak as if he were completely dry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
655	22:15	z793		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	You have laid me in the dust of death	0	Possible meanings for **dust of death** are: (1) it refers to a person turning to dust after they die. Alternate translation: “You are about to let me die and become dust” or (2) it is a way of speaking about the grave, which would mean God is causing the writer to die. Alternate translation: “You have laid me in my grave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
656	22:15	m487		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	You have laid me	0	The “you” is singular and refers to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
657	22:16	un7f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	dogs have surrounded me	0	The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs. His enemies are coming close to him like wild dogs do to a dying animal. Alternate translation: “my enemies are like dogs that have surrounded me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
658	22:16	np5i			a company of evildoers	0	Alternate translation: “a group of evildoers” or “a gang of evildoers”
659	22:16	i2n1			encircled	0	stood in a circle
660	22:16	x42c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they have pierced my hands and my feet	0	This continues the dog metaphor. The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs that are biting and piercing his hands and feet with their teeth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
661	22:16	ai5d			pierced	0	stabbed through something with a sharp object
662	22:17	est5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I can count all my bones	0	This could mean: (1) the writer is so thin that he can see his bones. Alternate translation: “I can see all of my bones” or “I can feel each of my bones” or (2) this continues the dog metaphor and the writer can see his bones after the dogs have ripped his flesh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
663	22:17	ce23		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	look and stare at me	0	The words “look” and “stare” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that people look at him awkwardly and make fun of him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
664	22:18	fb7u			my garments	0	Alternate translation: “my clothes”
665	22:19	v12t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	Do not be far away	0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Be very close” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
666	22:19	y71k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my strength	0	Here “strength” represents Yahweh who gives him strength. Alternate translation: “you who give me strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
667	22:20	ly82		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Rescue my soul	0	Here “soul” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Rescue me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
668	22:20	a8wk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the sword	0	The sword is a common way of referring to a violent enemy. Alternate translation: “those who want to kill me” or “my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
669	22:20	li5b			my only life	0	Alternate translation: “my precious life” or “the only life I have”
670	22:20	a1qv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	claws of wild dogs	0	The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs to emphasize how dangerous his enemies are. Also, the claws stand for the animals as a whole in a synecdoche. The writer emphasizes this part of the animal because it is what the animals would use to kill someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
671	22:20	h8vu			wild dogs	0	The word “wild” here means that no one has captured and tamed the animal.
672	22:21	vl96		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	lion’s mouth & horns of the wild oxen	0	The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions and wild oxen to emphasize how dangerous his enemies are. Also, the mouth and horns stand for the animals as a whole in a synecdoche. The writer emphasizes these parts of the animals because they are what the animals would use to kill someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
673	22:21	wgw6			wild oxen	0	The word “wild” here means that no one has captured and tamed the animal.
674	22:22	vq9v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will declare your name	0	“I will make known your name.” Here “name” stands for God’s character or reputation. Alternate translation: “I will talk about your character” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
675	22:22	k6ii			my brothers	0	Here “brothers” means “my fellow Israelites” or “my fellow worshipers of Yahweh”
676	22:22	t5p8			in the midst of the assembly	0	Alternate translation: “when my fellow Israelites and I gather together” or “when I am surrounded by my fellow worshipers of Yahweh”
677	22:23	wl3v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	You who fear	0	Here “You” is plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
678	22:23	yc8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	you descendants of Jacob & you descendants of Israel	0	Both of these refer to the same group of people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
679	22:23	rs9u			Stand in awe of him	0	Alternate translation: “Be full of awe for him” or “Let God’s power amaze you”
680	22:24	t6pw			he has not despised or abhorred the suffering of the afflicted one	0	This could mean: (1) he has not despised the afflicted one because he is suffering or (2) he has not belittled the suffering of the afflicted one
681	22:24	q54x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	despised or abhorred	0	These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that God has not forgotten the one who is afflicted and suffering. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
682	22:24	w7tf			despised	0	strongly disliked or hated
683	22:24	h5t5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he has not & abhorred the suffering of the afflicted one	0	Here, suffering is a metonym for the person who suffers. To abhor something is to think of it as horrible. Alternate translation: “he has not … thought of the afflicted one who suffers as horrible” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
684	22:24	y2dq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	the suffering of the afflicted one & from him & the afflicted one cried	0	This could mean: (1) the author was speaking about how God treats people who are suffering. Alternate translation: “those who suffer … from them … those who are suffering cried” or (2) the author was speaking specifically about how God treated him. Alternate translation: “my suffering because of my affliction … from me … I cried” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
685	22:24	r4zy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	has not hidden his face from him	0	Hiding one’s face from someone represents ignoring him. Alternate translation: “has not turned his attention away from him” or “has not ignored him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
686	22:24	fci1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	he heard	0	“he listened.” It is implied that he responded when he heard their cry. Alternate translation: “he answered” or “he helped” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
687	22:25	q298		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	because of you	0	Here “you” refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
688	22:25	w4ny		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I will fulfill my vows	0	This refers to sacrifices the writer promised to offer to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
689	22:25	zq18		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	before those who fear him	0	Here “him” refers to Yahweh. It can be stated as “you.” Alternate translation: “in the presence of those who fear you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
690	22:26	fhl9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The oppressed will eat and be satisfied	0	This refers to the fellowship meal which occurs after the writer offers to God the sacrifices that he promised. He will invite those who were suffering to eat a part of the animal he sacrificed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
691	22:26	jvb2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	those who seek Yahweh	0	Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
692	22:26	x7ys		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	May your hearts live forever	0	Here “hearts” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “May you live forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
693	22:26	lv3f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	May your hearts	0	Here “your” is plural and refers to the oppressed people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
694	22:27	sti4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will remember and turn to Yahweh	0	Starting to obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the people physically turn toward Yahweh. Alternate translation: “will remember Yahweh and obey him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
695	22:27	s5k2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	all the families of the nations will bow down before you	0	This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. The writer is emphasizing that everyone from every place will worship and obey Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
696	22:27	ves3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	will bow down before you	0	This is a sign of giving honor and respect to someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
697	22:27	n554		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	before you	0	Here “you” refers to Yahweh. It can be translated in the third person to match the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “before him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
698	22:28	yp9r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	For the kingdom is Yahweh’s	0	“For the kingdom belongs to Yahweh.” Here “kingdom” represents God’s rule as king. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
699	22:28	y3zn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he is the ruler over the nations	0	Here “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “he rules the people of the nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
700	22:29	pb3y			will feast	0	The people will eat together at the feast. Alternate translation: “will eat together” or “will eat a festive meal together”
701	22:29	b7d2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	all those who are descending into the dust & those who cannot preserve their own lives	0	Both phrases refers to the same group. They both refer to all people because all people will die. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
702	22:29	fkt1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	those who are descending into the dust	0	Here “dust” represents the grave. The phrase “descending into the dust” is a way of referring to someone dying. Alternate translation: “those who are dying” or “those who die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
703	22:29	wbb7			those who cannot preserve their own lives	0	Alternate translation: “those who cannot save their own lives” or “those who cannot keep themselves from dying”
704	22:30	tak2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	A generation to come	0	Here “A generation” represents the people of a generation. The phrase “to come” speaks about a future time as if it were something that travels and arrives somewhere. Alternate translation: “People in the future generations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
705	22:30	l73k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the next generation	0	Here “generation” represents the people of that generation. Alternate translation: “the people of the next generation” or “their children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
706	22:30	j95t			of the Lord	0	Alternate translation: “about the Lord” or “about what the Lord has done”
707	22:31	lt28		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	tell of his righteousness	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “tell of the righteous things he has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
708	23:intro	r1f6				0	# Psalm 023 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 23 is a psalm of praise to God for his continued care and protection. The psalmist praises God for always being with him and for caring for him.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nPsalm 23 is an extended metaphor speaking of God as if he were a shepherd, and of the psalmist as if he were a sheep. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
709	23:1	h1x8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nIn much of this psalm, David writes as if he were a sheep and the Lord were his shepherd. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])
710	23:1	t39n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh is my shepherd	0	The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. This emphasizes how God cares for people as a shepherd cares for his sheep. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is like a shepherd to me” or “Yahweh cares for me as a shepherd cares for his sheep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
711	23:1	gb7q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	I will lack nothing	0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I have everything that I need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
712	23:2	ez87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He makes me to lie down in green pastures	0	The writer speaks about himself as if he were a sheep, and he speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. Alternate translation: He gives me rest like a shepherd who leads his sheep to lie down in green pastures” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
713	23:2	p2p4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he leads me beside tranquil water	0	The writer speaks about himself as if he were a sheep, and he speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. Alternate translation: “he provides what I need like a shepherd who leads his sheep beside tranquil water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
714	23:2	l7sx			tranquil water	0	“calm water” or “water that flows gently.” This water is safe to drink.
715	23:3	ic3m			He brings back my life	0	This means God makes a person who is weak and tired to be strong and rested again.
716	23:3	nx5d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he guides me along right paths	0	Showing a person how to live in a way that pleases God is spoken of as if it were a shepherd showing a sheep the right path to take. Alternate translation: “He shows me how to live right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
717	23:3	ta7y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for his name’s sake	0	The phrase “his name” here refers to his reputation. Alternate translation: “for his reputation” or “so that people will honor him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
718	23:4	fi66		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Even though I walk through a valley of darkest shadow	0	The writer describes a person experiencing terrible trouble as if he were a sheep walking through a dark and dangerous valley. There a sheep could get lost or attacked by a wild animal. Alternate translation: “Though my life is like walking through a dark and dangerous valley” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
719	23:4	me3c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	I will not fear harm	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **harm**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will not be afraid of something harming me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
720	23:4	hqa2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	you are with me	0	Here “you” refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
721	23:4	yre6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	your rod and your staff comfort me	0	The rod and staff represent protection because shepherds use them to protect their sheep from danger. Alternate translation: “I am not afraid because you protect me like a shepherd who protects his sheep with his rod and staff” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
722	23:5	ksk5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nNow the writer tells how God is like someone who welcomes a guest into his home and protects him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])
723	23:5	nqn4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	You prepare a table	0	A table represents a feast because people would put all the food on a table. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
724	23:5	b3bs			in the presence of my enemies	0	The meaning here is that the writer is not worried about his enemies because he is an honored guest of the Lord and therefore protected from harm. Alternate translation: “despite the presence of my enemies”
725	23:5	hh1r			anointed my head with oil	0	People sometimes put oil on their guests’ heads in order to honor them.
726	23:5	w1iw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	my cup runs over	0	Here a cup of wine that overflows represents many blessings. Alternate translation: “You fill my cup so much that it overflows” or “You give me many blessings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
727	23:6	y8zc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Surely goodness and covenant faithfulness will pursue me	0	Yahweh being good and faithful to a person is spoken of as if goodness and covenant faithfulness are things that pursue after a person. The abstract nouns “goodness” and “faithfulness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “Surely you will be good and faithful to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
728	23:6	ep2g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	all the days of my life	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **life**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “as long as I live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
729	23:6	u2bl			the house of Yahweh	0	This could mean: (1) this refers to Yahweh’s eternal home, or (2) this refers to Yahweh’s temple in Jerusalem. If possible, translate it so that both meanings could be understood.
730	23:6	u53m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	for the length of my days	0	This idiom refers to the duration of his life. Alternate translation: “as long as I live” or “forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
731	24:intro	cw5j				0	# Psalm 024 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 24 is a psalm of praise to God as the almighty God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/almighty]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Righteous people\n\nOnly the righteous come to worship God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical Questions\n\nThe psalmists uses several rhetorical questions. Each question forms a unit with a response. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
732	24:1	nne9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
733	24:1	hma5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	its fullness	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fullness**, you could express the same idea with the verb “fills.” Alternate translation: “everything that fills it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
734	24:2	v6lt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	For he has founded it upon the seas and established it on the rivers	0	Here “founded it upon the seas” and “established it on the rivers” mean basically the same thing. The Hebrews of that time believed their land was supported by the oceans and deep underground rivers. Alternate translation: For he formed its foundation on the seas and built it on the deep waters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
735	24:2	d2bq			the seas & the rivers	0	These phrases are used together to refer to the huge deep ocean below the earth.
736	24:2	h6kl			on the rivers	0	Alternate translation: “the water that is deep below”
737	24:3	e3ya		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Who will ascend the mountain & in his holy place?	0	Both of these questions mean basically the same thing. The speaker is asking about who is allowed to go and worship Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
738	24:3	bda3			will ascend	0	Alternate translation: “will go up” or “will climb”
739	24:3	mz8v			the mountain of Yahweh	0	This refers to Mount Zion in Jerusalem.
740	24:3	vj27			his holy place	0	This refers Yahweh’s temple. His temple is on Mount Zion in Jerusalem.
741	24:4	g1lm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	He who has & who has & and has not	0	Here “He” does not refer to a specific person. Alternate translation: “Those who have … who have … and have not” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
742	24:4	vsk8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	who has clean hands	0	The word “hands” represents what a person does. For his “hands” to be clean means he does what is right. Alternate translation: “who does what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
743	24:4	ikc9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a pure heart	0	Here “heart” represents a person’s thoughts or motives. Alternate translation: “thinks good thoughts” or “does not think about doing what is wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
744	24:4	u76e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	who has not lifted up a falsehood	0	Here “falsehood” represents a false idol. To “lift up” means to worship. Alternate translation: “who has not worshiped an idol” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
745	24:5	z3wj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	He will receive a blessing from Yahweh	0	The word “he” does not refer to a specific person. It refers to the ones with pure hearts mentioned in previous verse. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **blessing**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
746	24:5	bc4f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	righteousness from the God of his salvation	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “righteously.” And, “salvation” can be stated as “save.” Alternate translation: “God will deal righteously with him and save him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
747	24:6	n5aj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Such is the generation of those who seek him	0	Here “generation” represents people in general. Alternate translation: “The people who seek him are like this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
748	24:6	h9nq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	those who seek him, those who seek the face of the God of Jacob	0	Both statements mean the same thing. They both refer to those who go to the temple to worship God. Alternate translation: “the ones who approach God, they are the ones who may worship God, the one we Israelites worship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
749	24:6	fbc7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	those who seek him	0	Going to the temple to worship Yahweh is spoken of as if the person is literally seeking to find him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
750	24:6	tsi7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the face of the God of Jacob	0	Here “face” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “the God of Jacob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
751	24:7	yi4r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, everlasting doors	0	The two phases are very similar in meaning. The words “gates” and “doors” refer to the gates of the temple. The writer is speaking to the gates as if they were a person. A gatekeeper would be the one to open the gates. Alternate translation: “Open up, you ancient gates” or “Open these ancient gates” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
752	24:7	z61a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Lift up your heads	0	It is uncertain what specific part of the gate is the “head.” But, it stands for the gate as a whole. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
753	24:8	bp2e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh, strong and mighty; Yahweh, mighty in battle	0	The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a mighty warrior who fights in battles. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
754	24:9	hl69		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, everlasting doors	0	The two phases are very similar in meaning. The words “gates” and “doors” refer to the gates of the temple. The writer is speaking to the gates as if they were a person. A gatekeeper would be the one to open the gates. See how you translated this in [Psalms 24:7](../024/007.md). Alternate translation: “Open up, you ancient gates” or “Open these ancient gates” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
755	24:9	fk49		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Lift up your heads	0	It is uncertain what specific part of the gate is the “head.” But, it stands for the gate as a whole. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
756	25:intro	utp4				0	# Psalm 025 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 25 is a prayer for God’s help.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The humble\n\nGod is very good to humble people who seek to obey him.
757	25:1	sq2m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
758	25:1	z3ls		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I lift up my life	0	The phrase “lift up my life” is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) the writer is giving himself to Yahweh, which means he is completely depending on Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I give myself to you” or (2) he is offering prayer and adoration to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I worship and adore you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
759	25:2	m2b6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Do not let me be humiliated	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not let my enemies humiliate me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
760	25:2	ff1t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	rejoice triumphantly over me	0	“rejoice in triumph over me.” The phrase “over me” implies that his enemies have defeated him and stand above in victory. Alternate translation: “defeat me and rejoice about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
761	25:3	jw7y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	May no one who hopes in you be disgraced	0	“Do not let those who hope in you be disgraced.” Disgrace could come from being defeated by their enemies. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not let enemies defeat those who hope in you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
762	25:3	haz8			who hopes in you	0	Alternate translation: “who trusts you”
763	25:3	r1zd			act treacherously	0	Alternate translation: “act deceitfully” or “act with trickery”
764	25:3	le6f			without cause	0	Alternate translation: “without a reason”
765	25:4	a1rg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Make known to me your ways, Yahweh; teach me your paths	0	Both statements mean the same thing. God teaching a person how they should behave is spoken of as if he were showing a person the correct path on which a person should travel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
766	25:5	ji5y			I hope in you	0	Alternate translation: “I depend on you” or “I wait patiently for you”
767	25:5	t3bw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Guide me into your truth and teach me	0	Guide and teach mean the same thing, to give instruction. Alternate translation: “Instruct me to conduct my life by obeying your truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
768	25:5	zz1y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	the God of my salvation	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “saves.” Alternate translation: “the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
769	25:6	f922		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Call to mind	0	This is an idiom. This does not mean God forgot something. The writer is asking God to think about and consider his acts of compassion and faithfulness. Alternate translation: “Remember” or “Think about” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
770	25:6	uw7b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	your acts of compassion and of covenant faithfulness	0	The abstract nouns “compassion” and “faithfulness” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “how you have been compassionate and faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
771	25:6	y7a2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	for they have always existed	0	Here “they” personifies God’s compassion and covenant faithfulness. Alternate translation: “for that is how you have always been” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
772	25:7	ym66		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Do not think about the sins of my youth	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sins**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “sinned.” Alternate translation: “Do not think about how I sinned against you when I was young” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
773	25:7	ayg8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	or my rebelliousness	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rebelliousness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “rebelled.” Alternate translation: or about how I have rebelled against you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
774	25:7	rmx6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Call me to mind	0	This is an idiom. This does not mean God forgot something. The writer is asking God to think about him. Alternate translation: “Remember me” or “Think about me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
775	25:7	dzp2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	with covenant faithfulness because of your goodness	0	The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “goodness” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “and be faithful to me because of your covenant, because you are good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
776	25:8	fe3c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the way	0	How God wants a person to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path on which a person travels. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
777	25:9	sd77		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the humble	0	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “humble people” or “those who are humble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
778	25:9	g5rh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	his way	0	How God wants a person to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path on which a person travels. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
779	25:10	y1ce		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	All the paths of Yahweh are steadfast love and faithfulness	0	The word “paths” is a metaphor for ways. Alternate translation: “Yahweh always loves us because of his covenant and he is always trustworthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
780	25:11	i29u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	For your name’s sake	0	The phrase “your name” here refers to Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “For your reputation” or “So that people will honor you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
781	25:11	zdw5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	pardon my sin, for it is great	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sin**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “sinned.” Alternate translation: “please forgive me, for I have sinned much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
782	25:12	uen3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who is the man who fears Yahweh?	0	This question introduces “the man who fears Yahweh” as a new topic. Alternate translation: “I will tell you about the man who fears Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
783	25:12	r5gg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	is the man who fears & instruct him & he should	0	These words refer to any person who fears Yahweh, not a specific person. Alternate translation: “are those who fear … instruct them … they should” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
784	25:12	e57l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The Lord will instruct him in the way that he should choose	0	Yahweh teaching people how they should behave is spoken of as if Yahweh were teaching the people what way or path they should travel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
785	25:13	vwm7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	His life & his descendants	0	These words refer to any person who fears Yahweh, not a specific person. Alternate translation: “Their lives … their descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
786	25:13	f8pb			His life will go along in goodness	0	Alternate translation: “God will cause him to prosper” or “God will cause them to prosper”
787	25:14	m7sj			The friendship of Yahweh is for those	0	“Yahweh is a friend to those.” Some translate it as “Yahweh confides in those.” His confiding in them shows the intimate friendship he has with them.
788	25:15	utj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	My eyes are always on Yahweh	0	Here “eyes” represents looking. It is implied that he looks to Yahweh for help. Alternate translation: “I always look to Yahweh to help me” or “I always depend on Yahweh to help me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
789	25:15	mb6a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	for he will free my feet from the net	0	A net is a trap. A person who is in danger is spoken of as if their feet are tangled in a net. Alternate translation: He will rescue me from danger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
790	25:16	jm85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Turn toward me	0	Yahweh paying attention to a person and considering him is spoken of as if Yahweh were physically turning towards the person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
791	25:17	lu85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The troubles of my heart are enlarged	0	Here “heart” represents a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “I feel more and more troubled” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
792	25:17	t6l8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	draw me out from my distress	0	“bring me out of my distress.” This speaks of distress as if it were a place that a person can be brought out of. Alternate translation: “rescue me from my distress” or “relieve me of my distress” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
793	25:17	px9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	my distress	0	The word “distress” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “the things that distress me” or “the things that cause me to be afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
794	25:18	gp57			See my affliction	0	Alternate translation: “Notice my affliction”
795	25:18	kwp4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	my affliction	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **affliction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the things that afflict me” or “how afflicted I am” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
796	25:18	my25		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	my toils	0	The word “toils” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “the things that trouble me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
797	25:19	it1s			they hate me with cruel hatred	0	Alternate translation: “they hate me cruelly” or “they hate me fiercely”
798	25:20	zk7e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	do not let me be humiliated	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not let my enemies humiliate me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
799	25:20	y36b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	take refuge in you!	0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
800	25:21	b36j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	May integrity and uprightness preserve me	0	This speaks about “integrity” and “uprightness” as if they were persons who could keep another person safe. These abstract nouns can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “May being honest and doing what is right preserve me” or “Preserve me, Lord, because I am honest and do what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
801	25:21	d4fj			preserve me	0	Alternate translation: “keep me safe”
802	25:22	vj9z			Rescue Israel	0	Alternate translation: “Save Israel” or “Redeem Israel”
803	25:22	msf4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Israel & his troubles	0	Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel … our troubles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
804	26:intro	q9dz				0	# Psalm 026 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 26 is a teaching psalm; showing people how they should live by the example of the psalmsist.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Praise\n\nThe psalmist delights in praising God and doing good deeds. It is striking how this psalm uses the first person pronoun. This is an individual psalm of petition. Each of the four petitions are accompanied with various claims. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])
805	26:1	h9z4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
806	26:1	b9cq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I have walked	0	The word “walked” is a metaphor for behavior. Alternate translation: “I have behaved” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
807	26:1	am7u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	in Yahweh	0	The third person use of “Yahweh” can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: “in you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
808	26:1	a4v9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	without wavering	0	Doubting is spoken of as if it were losing balance and waving back and forth. Alternate translation: “without doubting” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
809	26:2	zxg5			Examine me	0	Alternate translation: “Try me”
810	26:2	iqe7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	test the purity of my inner parts and my heart	0	Here “inner parts” and “heart” mean motives. Alternate translation: “test whether my motives are good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
811	26:3	qc7g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	For your covenant faithfulness is before my eyes	0	Here “eyes” represent a person’s thoughts and having something before one’s eyes represents being aware of that thing. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “For I am always aware of your covenant faithfulness” or “For I am always aware that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
812	26:3	am2g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I walk about in your faithfulness	0	The word “walk” is a metaphor for behavior. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I conduct my life according to your faithfulness” or “I behave the way I do because you are faithful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
813	26:4	b17j			I do not associate with	0	Alternate translation: “I do not keep company with” or “I do not sit with”
814	26:4	j2s7			with deceitful people	0	Alternate translation: “with those who deceive others”
815	26:4	u6k2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	nor do I mingle with dishonest people	0	This means the same as the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “and I do not join with dishonest people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
816	26:4	t3xy			dishonest people	0	Alternate translation: “hypocrites” or “those who lie to others”
817	26:5	hc11			the assembly of evildoers	0	Alternate translation: “those who gather to do evil”
818	26:5	ees1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the wicked	0	This is a nominal adjective. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
819	26:6	idg7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	I wash my hands in innocence	0	This seems to refer to a ritual washing of hands in water to symbolize freedom from sin and guilt. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
820	26:6	u7rx			I go around your altar	0	This was an action of worship that the Israelites were accustomed to doing.
821	26:8	ywm8			the house where you live	0	This could mean: (1) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem or (2) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there.
822	26:8	adz5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the place where your glory lives	0	Here “glory” represents the presence and power of God, which is similar to a very bright light. Alternate translation: “the place where people can see the glorious light of your presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
823	26:9	k89i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Do not sweep me away with sinners	0	“Sweep away” here is a metaphor for destruction. Alternate translation: “Do not destroy me along with sinners” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
824	26:9	gb7w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	or my life	0	The word “sweep” is understood. Alternate translation: “or sweep my life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
825	26:9	dsi8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	people who are bloodthirsty	0	The word “bloodthirsty” represents wanting to kill people. Alternate translation: “people who are eager to shed others’ blood” or “murderers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
826	26:10	gku4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	in whose hands	0	“Hands” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “people in which” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
827	26:10	g7rx			a plot	0	Alternate translation: “a wicked plan”
828	26:11	qm5d			But as for me	0	This phrase shows that the writer is changing from speaking about wicked people to talking about himself.
829	26:11	vu5m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will walk in integrity	0	“Walk” here is a metaphor for behavior. Alternate translation: “I will behave with integrity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
830	26:12	xe4n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	My foot stands	0	Here “foot” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I stand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
831	26:12	apj3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	level ground	0	Here, **level ground** could mean: (1) a safe place or (2) right behavior (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
832	26:12	p8c6			in the assemblies will I bless Yahweh	0	Alternate translation: “when I gather with the people of Israel I will praise you”
833	27:intro	ru1e				0	# Psalm 027 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 27 is a psalm of praise to God because God keeps the psalmist safe from all his enemies.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s help\n\nBecause of God’s help, he has nothing to fear, no matter what happens. The psalmist shows his confidence in God; he also asks God for help.
834	27:1	cx3f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
835	27:1	pgd5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh is my light	0	Here “light” represents life. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the source of my life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
836	27:1	f2iu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	whom should I fear?	0	This question emphasizes that there is no one that David should fear. Alternate translation: “I will not be afraid of anyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
837	27:1	gdw7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh is my life’s refuge	0	This speaks about Yahweh as if he were a place where people can go for safety. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who keeps me safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
838	27:1	b7ym		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	whom should I dread?	0	This question emphasizes that there is no one that David should be afraid of. Alternate translation: “I will not dread anyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
839	27:2	b8ta		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	to devour my flesh	0	Destroying someone completely is spoken of as if it were devouring a person’s flesh. He did not mean that they wanted to eat his body. Alternate translation: “to destroy me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
840	27:2	afd9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	my adversaries and my enemies	0	These words mean the same thing. These are the evildoers who came near to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
841	27:2	gj21		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	stumbled and fell	0	This represents the writer’s enemies failing to fulfill their plans to harm the writer. Alternate translation: “did not succeed” or “failed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
842	27:3	a7hp			Though an army encamps against me	0	Alternate translation: “though an army surrounds me” or “though an army puts its tents around me”
843	27:3	nqv6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my heart will not fear	0	Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will not be afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
844	27:3	bf9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	though war rises up against me	0	The writer’s enemies are spoken of as if they themselves were a war. Alternate translation: “though my enemies come to fight against me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
845	27:3	z488			I will remain confident	0	Alternate translation: “I will continue to trust God to help me”
846	27:4	p5pc			have I asked of Yahweh	0	Alternate translation: “I have asked Yahweh to let me do”
847	27:4	vpq5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will seek that	0	A person really wanting something and continually asking God for it is spoken of as if he were seeking to find something. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
848	27:4	gb9g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	to see the beauty of Yahweh	0	The wonderful character of God is spoken of as if it were physical beauty. Alternate translation: “to see how wonderful Yahweh is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
849	27:4	c2a9			to meditate in his temple	0	This could mean: (1) “to ask God what he wants me to do” or (2) “to think carefully about God in his temple.”
850	27:5	cv9f			in the day of trouble	0	Alternate translation: “in times of trouble” or “when I have troubles”
851	27:5	vjd7			he will hide me	0	Alternate translation: “he will protect me”
852	27:5	cc6r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	his shelter & his tent	0	Both of these refer to the tabernacle where the writer is worshiping God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
853	27:5	mz3d			in the cover of his tent	0	The word “cover” represents something that hides and protects.
854	27:5	j6tu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He will lift me high on a rock	0	God keeping the writer safe from his enemies is spoken of as if God were placing him on a high rock where his enemies cannot reach him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
855	27:6	a3t2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my head will be lifted up above my enemies	0	This represents the writer receiving pride or honor when he defeats his enemies. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will honor me when I win the fight against my enemies” or “God will honor me by enabling me to defeat my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
856	27:7	p3lq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Hear, Yahweh, my voice	0	The “voice” often represents a person who speak or calls out. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, hear me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
857	27:7	q1ev		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	answer me	0	This implies that Yahweh hears the writer’s prayer and Yahweh will do what the writer asks. Alternate translation: “answer my prayer” or “do what I request of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
858	27:8	jx52		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	My heart says	0	Here “heart” represents a person’s mind or thoughts. Alternate translation: “In my heart I say” or “I say to myself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
859	27:8	kc98		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Seek his face	0	A person going to the temple to pray to Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were seeking to find Yahweh. Here “face” represents all of God. Alternate translation: “Go and pray to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
860	27:8	lv4r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I seek your face, Yahweh	0	A person going to the temple to pray to Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were seeking to find Yahweh. Here “face” represents all of God. Alternate translation: “I will come to your temple to pray to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
861	27:9	uv72		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Do not hide your face from me	0	The face here represents Yahweh’s attention, and hiding the face represents rejecting someone. Alternate translation: “Do not reject me” or “Do not stop taking care of me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
862	27:9	n49l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	do not turn your servant away in anger	0	David said “your servant” to refer to himself in a humble way. Alternate translation: “do not be angry with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
863	27:9	p7vh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	forsake me or abandon me	0	The words “forsake” and “abandon” mean the same thing. The writer is emphasizing that he does not want God to leave him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
864	27:9	j546		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	or abandon me	0	The words “and do not” are understood. Alternate translation: “and do not abandon me” or “and do not leave me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
865	27:9	sm12		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	God of my salvation	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “saves.” Alternate translation: God who saves me” or “because you are the God who saves me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
866	27:10	w897		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	Even if my father and my mother forsake me	0	“Even if my father and my mother were to forsake me.” He is not saying that they actually have done this or that they would do it. His point is that even if they did that, God would not abandon him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
867	27:10	n75n			Yahweh will take me in	0	Alternate translation: “Yahweh will keep me” or “Yahweh will take care of me”
868	27:11	z7b8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Teach me your way	0	How a person should behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path that person should travel. Alternate translation: “Teach me how you want me to live” or “Teach me to do what you want me to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
869	27:11	r72j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Lead me on a level path	0	Yahweh keeping the writer safe from his enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh leads the writer on a level path where he will not stumble and fall. Alternate translation: “Keep me safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
870	27:12	gs3s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Do not give me up to the desires of my enemies	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desires**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Do not let my enemies do to me what they desire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
871	27:12	s7ry		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	have risen up against me	0	“Risen up” here is an idiom meaning that a witness stood in court to present testimony. Alternate translation: “have stood up in order to speak against me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
872	27:12	ez4n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they breathe out violence	0	Here violence is spoken for as if it was something a person could breathe out. Alternate translation: “they say that they will do violent things to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
873	27:13	ts3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What would have happened to me	0	This rhetorical question can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Something bad would have happened to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
874	27:13	c72l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	the goodness of Yahweh	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **goodness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “the good things that Yahweh does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
875	27:13	wld8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	in the land of the living	0	This refers to being alive. Alternate translation: “while I am alive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
876	27:14	g4pq			Wait for Yahweh & Wait for Yahweh!	0	This verse may be: (1) the writer speaking to himself or (2) the writer speaking to others or (3) someone speaking to the writer.
877	27:14	m8gs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	let your heart be courageous	0	Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “be courageous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
878	27:14	yng1			Wait for Yahweh!	0	This line is repeated at the end of the psalm as a way of ending the psalm.
879	28:intro	a18t				0	# Psalm 028 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 28 is a psalm of prayer to God that he is not be punished along with the wicked people. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Trust\n\nThe psalmist trusted God completely and God rescued him. This is similar to psalm 7 and 17 because it is an individual lament psalm. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])
880	28:1	p6ea		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
881	28:1	t7sd			I cry out	0	Alternate translation: “I call out loudly”
882	28:1	vx2c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my rock	0	This is a metaphor for strength. Alternate translation: “my strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
883	28:1	y82h			do not ignore me	0	Alternate translation: “do not be silent to me” or “do not leave me alone”
884	28:1	y255		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will join those who go down to the grave	0	People who die are spoken of as if they are going down into the grave. Alternate translation: “I will die like those who are in the grave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
885	28:2	i4h9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Hear the sound of my pleading	0	Here “sound” refers to the content of his request. Alternate translation: “Hear my strong request” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
886	28:2	t7ig		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	I lift up my hands toward your most holy place	0	Lifting up hands is a symbol of worship. The writer is not worshiping the holy place, but Yahweh who lives in the holy place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
887	28:2	a92a			your most holy place	0	This could mean: (1) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there, or (2) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem.
888	28:3	r4t6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Do not drag me away	0	God punishing people is spoken of as if he physically drags them away. In this metaphor Yahweh may be dragging them to prison, exile, or death. Alternate translation: “Do not remove me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
889	28:3	y9zp			who speak peace with their neighbors	0	Here “neighbors” refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “who speak peacefully with other people”
890	28:3	y46g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	but have evil in their hearts	0	Here “hearts” represents a person’s mind or thoughts. Alternate translation: “but are thinking something evil about them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
891	28:4	g3b9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Give them what their deeds deserve & repay them what their wickedness demands	0	These two phrases mean the same thing. They are used together to emphasize that they deserve for God to punish them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
892	28:4	z39d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the work of their hands	0	Here “hands” represent what the person has done. Alternate translation: “the things they have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
893	28:4	d21y			render to them their due	0	Alternate translation: “give them what they deserve”
894	28:5	vma7			Because they do not understand & never rebuild them	0	This could mean: (1) David is confident about what God will do to wicked people or (2) David is asking God to destroy the wicked people.
895	28:5	b1cw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	they do not understand the deeds of Yahweh	0	It is implied that “do not understand” means they ignore or do not honor Yahweh’s works. Alternate translation: “they do not regard with honor what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
896	28:5	a757		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the work of his hands	0	Here “hands” represents what Yahweh has done or created. Alternate translation: “what he has created” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
897	28:5	uqh3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he will tear them down and never rebuild them	0	The punishment of the wicked people is spoken of as if they were a building or a city that God would destroy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
898	28:6	jfr4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he has heard the sound of my pleading	0	Here “sound” represents what the writer said. Alternate translation: “has heard what I said when I pleaded to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
899	28:7	g4ne		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Yahweh is my strength	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “strong.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes me strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
900	28:7	vh7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my shield	0	This represents Yahweh’s protecting the writer. Alternate translation: “he protects me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
901	28:7	r9jp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my heart trusts	0	Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I trust” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
902	28:7	bl9l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	I am helped	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he helps me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
903	28:7	uts5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my heart greatly rejoices	0	Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I greatly rejoice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
904	28:8	pd6u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Yahweh is the strength of his people	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “strong.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes his people strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
905	28:8	vd99		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he is the saving refuge of his anointed one	0	Yahweh keeping the king safe is spoken of as if Yahweh were a place that the king could go for safety. Alternate translation: “he keeps safe the one he appointed to be king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
906	28:8	yh2k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his anointed one	0	The represents the king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
907	28:9	at1a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	your inheritance	0	This speaks about the people of God as if they were something God inherited. Alternate translation: “your possession” or “those who belong to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
908	28:9	e7e7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Be their shepherd and carry them forever	0	The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd and the people are his sheep. A shepherd would carry a sheep if it needed help or protection. Alternate translation: “Be like their shepherd and protect them forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
909	29:intro	b4tt				0	# Psalm 029 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 29 is a worship psalm. It tells how Yahweh rules all nature.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s power\n\nGod is powerful. All he has to do is to speak in order to control nature.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metonymy\n\nThe voice of the Yahweh stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
910	29:1	kq7e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
911	29:1	bc7z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	you sons of God	0	The phrase “sons of” is a way of saying “having the characteristics of.” Alternate translation: “you mighty men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
912	29:1	i354		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ascribe to Yahweh glory and strength	0	The abstract nouns “glory” and “strength” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “praise Yahweh because he is glorious and strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
913	29:2	yv1p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Ascribe to Yahweh the glory his name deserves	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **glory**, you could express the same idea with a verb or adjective. Alternate translation: “Honor Yahweh just as his name deserves” or “Proclaim that Yahweh is glorious just as his name deserves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
914	29:2	rcj6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his name deserves	0	The phrase “his name” refers to Yahweh or his reputation. Alternate translation: “as is proper because of who he is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
915	29:2	e4f6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Bow down to Yahweh	0	The implied information is that the people were to bow down in worship. Alternate translation: “Bow down to worship Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
916	29:2	da1b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	in the splendor of holiness	0	The abstract nouns “splendor” and “holiness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “because he is gloriously beautiful and holy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
917	29:3	dml8			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThe psalm shows Yahweh’s power and glory.
918	29:3	t9g6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The voice of Yahweh is heard over the waters	0	God’s voice is louder and clearer than all other sounds and noises. It can be heard over other loud sounds such as the sound of the waters. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh speaks his voice is louder than the sound of the sea” or “Yahweh shouts louder than the sound of the waters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
919	29:3	z58f			over the waters	0	This refers to the seas or the oceans. These waters make a very loud noise as the waves rise and fall.
920	29:3	u41c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The voice of Yahweh	0	All occurrences of “voice” here represent Yahweh speaking. The writer is emphasizing that when Yahweh speaks, the sound is so loud it is heard over the waters, and it is so powerful it can destroy the largest trees. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh speaks, his voice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
921	29:3	b7zk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the God of glory thunders	0	This speaks about God speaking as if it were the sound of thunder. Just like the sound of thunder, Yahweh’s voice can be heard over large distances. Alternate translation: “The voice of the glorious God is loud like thunder” or “When the glorious God speaks it rumbles like thunder” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
922	29:3	srk7			over many waters	0	Alternate translation: “over the large bodies of water”
923	29:6	s8av			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nThe writer continues describing the power of God’s voice.
924	29:6	kdn3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	He makes Lebanon skip like a calf	0	The ground of Lebanon shaking is spoken of as if it were a young calf skipping. This emphasizes that when Yahweh speaks, the power of his voice shakes the ground. Alternate translation: “He makes the land of Lebanon shake like a calf skipping” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
925	29:6	y9uu			skip	0	jump lightly back and forth
926	29:6	war4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	Sirion like a young ox	0	The words “he makes” and “skip” are understood from the first phrase. They can be repeated here. The ground of Sirion shaking is spoken of as if it were a young ox skipping. This emphasizes that when Yahweh speaks, the power of his voice shakes the ground. Alternate translation: “he makes Sirion skip like a young ox” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
927	29:6	n725		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Sirion	0	This is a mountain in Lebanon. It is also called Mount Hermon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
928	29:7	wk16		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The voice of Yahweh sends out flames of fire	0	All occurrences of “voice” here represent Yahweh speaking. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh speaks he causes lightning to flash in the sky” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
929	29:7	rc8c			flames of fire	0	This refers to lightning.
930	29:9	ht1n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The voice of Yahweh causes	0	Here “voice” represents Yahweh speaking. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh speaks, the sound causes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
931	29:9	sqa7			the oaks to twist	0	Alternate translation: “the large trees to shake”
932	29:9	f33q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	strips the forests bare	0	Removing the leaves of the trees is spoken of as if it was removing their clothing. Alternate translation: “strips off the leaves from the trees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
933	29:10	mk7u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh sits as king	0	This means that Yahweh rules. Alternate translation: “Yahweh rules” or “Yahweh is king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
934	29:10	b6k6			over the flood	0	Here “flood” refers to waters that cover the earth.
935	29:11	vm7e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh blesses his people with peace	0	The word “peace” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “Yahweh blesses his people by causing them to prosper and to live peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
936	30:intro	eee3				0	# Psalm 030 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 30 is a psalm of praise and thanksgiving to God. The psalmist was near death but God rescued him.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The psalmist’s death\n\nIf he had died, it would not have been a help to God. But since God rescued him he can praise God.
937	30:1	iaj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
938	30:1	e8py			a song at the dedication of the temple	0	Alternate translation: “This song was sung when the temple was dedicated”
939	30:1	ig1t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you have raised me up	0	The writer speaks of God rescuing him and keeping him from dying as if God had drawn him up from a deep well. Alternate translation: “you rescued me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
940	30:3	gel6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	brought up my soul from Sheol	0	Since “Sheol” was the place where dead people go, it refers to death. Alternate translation: “kept me from dying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
941	30:3	sw64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	brought up my soul	0	Here “my soul” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “brought me up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
942	30:3	ryd7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from going down to the grave	0	The “grave” represents death. Alternate translation: “from dying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
943	30:4	jui4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Give thanks when you remember his holiness	0	The abstract nouns “thanks” and “holiness” can be stated as “thank” and “holy.” Alternate translation: “Remember that God is holy and thank him” or “Remember what God has done because he is holy and thank him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
944	30:5	n3py		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	his anger is only for a moment	0	“his anger lasts only a moment.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anger**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “angry.” Alternate translation: “he is angry for only a moment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
945	30:5	ls29		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a moment	0	Here “moment” represents a short amount of time. Alternate translation: “a short time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
946	30:5	zm7v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	but his favor is for a lifetime	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **favor**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “good.” Alternate translation: “but he is good to us all of our lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
947	30:5	vw11		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Weeping comes for a night, but joy comes in the morning	0	This speaks about “weeping” and “joy” as if they were something that travels and arrives at a certain time. Alternate translation: “We may cry during the night, but the next morning we will be joyful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
948	30:6	v3a5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	In confidence	0	The word “confidence” is an abstract noun. The writer recalls a time when he was prospering and felt confident and safe. Alternate translation: “When I was confident” or “When I felt safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
949	30:6	p1kl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will never be shaken	0	The word “shaken” is a metaphor for defeat. Alternate translation: “No one will defeat me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
950	30:7	d155		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	by your favor	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **favor**, you could express the same idea with the verb “favored” or the adjective “kind.” Alternate translation: “when you favored me” or “when you were kind to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
951	30:7	m53d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you established me as a strong mountain	0	The writer’s security is spoken of as if he were a strong mountain. Alternate translation: “you made me as secure as a high mountain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
952	30:7	q4uk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	when you hid your face	0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “when you stopped helping me” or “when you rejected me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
953	30:7	y2rt			I was troubled	0	Alternate translation: “I was fearful” or “I was worried”
954	30:8	m69p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	sought favor from my Lord	0	The phrase “sought favor” means to ask for help. Alternate translation: “I pleaded for you to help me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
955	30:8	n1hs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	from my Lord	0	The writer is referring to Yahweh in third person. It can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “from you, my Lord” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
956	30:9	npv8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What advantage is there in my death, if I go down to the grave?	0	The writer uses this question to emphasize that he would be of no value to God if he were dead. Alternate translation: “There is no advantage if I die and go down to the grave.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
957	30:9	h9v9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will the dust praise you? Will it declare your trustworthiness?	0	The writer uses these questions to emphasize that his dead and decayed body cannot praise God. Alternate translation: “The dust will certainly not praise you or tell others about how trustworthy you are.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
958	30:9	ds6c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the dust	0	This refers to the body of the writer which will decay and become dust when he is dead. Alternate translation: “my decayed body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
959	30:11	fh4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	You have turned my mourning into dancing	0	It was customary for the Jews to dance when they were very happy. The abstract nouns “mourning” and “dancing” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “You have caused me to stop mourning and to dance with joy instead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
960	30:11	y5wj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you have removed my sackcloth	0	Sackcloth was associated with mourning and sorrow. Alternate translation: “You have caused me to no longer be sad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
961	30:11	l9jm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	clothed me with gladness	0	The writer speaks of gladness as if it were a garment that he could put on. Alternate translation: “caused me to be glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
962	30:12	b717		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my glory will sing praise to you	0	Here “my glory” refers to the writer’s soul or heart or inner being. This represents the entire person of the writer, who worships God because God has made him glad. Alternate translation: “I will sing praise to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
963	31:intro	j2an				0	# Psalm 031 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 31 is a psalm of deliverance. The psalmist’s enemies thought they had defeated him, but God protected him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Abandonment\n\nEven though everyone deserted and despised the psalmist, God did not abandon him.
964	31:1	ggk4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
965	31:1	yu4y			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
966	31:1	fs4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	In you, Yahweh, I take refuge	0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “I go to you, Yahweh, for protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
967	31:1	f8jw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	never let me be humiliated	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “do not let others humiliate me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
968	31:2	x6bw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	be my rock of refuge, a stronghold to save me	0	The phrase “be my rock of refuge” is a request for protection. The second phrase emphasizes the first phrase. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
969	31:2	tq1e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my rock of refuge	0	Yahweh is spoke of as if he were a huge rock that would protect the writer from attack. Alternate translation: “like a huge rock on which I can be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
970	31:2	p9xb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	a stronghold to save me	0	Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a strong fortress in which the writer would be protected from his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
971	31:3	m5q1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my rock	0	Yahweh is spoke of as if he were a huge rock that would protect the writer from attack. Alternate translation: “like a huge rock on which I can be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
972	31:3	d9h8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my fortress	0	Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a strong fortress in which the writer would be protected from his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
973	31:3	kti8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for your name’s sake	0	In this phrase “name” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “so that your name may be honored” or “so that I may worship you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
974	31:3	nm5d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	lead and guide me	0	The words “lead” and “guide” mean basically the same thing and strengthen the request that Yahweh lead him. Alternate translation: “lead me where you want me to go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
975	31:4	xp2k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Pluck me out of the net that they have hidden for me	0	The writer is spoken of as if he were a bird caught in a hidden net, and waiting for Yahweh to free him from the trap. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
976	31:4	pg5z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you are my refuge	0	Yahweh is spoken of as if he is a place where the writer can hide from people who are attacking him. Alternate translation: “you always protect me” or “you give me constant protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
977	31:5	e3hz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Into your hands	0	God is spirit, but he is here spoken of as if he has hands. Here “your hands” refers to Yahweh’s care. Alternate translation: “Into your care” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
978	31:5	ez3i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	I entrust my spirit	0	Here “my spirit” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “I place myself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
979	31:5	m7ux			God of trustworthiness	0	Alternate translation: “you are a God I can trust”
980	31:6	d1f4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	I hate those who serve worthless idols	0	Here the word “worthless” refers to all idols. This can be clarified in translation. Alternate translation: “Idols are worthless. I hate those who serve them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
981	31:7	z4ew		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	I will be glad and rejoice in your covenant faithfulness	0	The words “glad” and “rejoice” share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of joy. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I will be very glad because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
982	31:7	x1wl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	you saw my affliction & you knew the distress of my soul	0	Both of these phrases express the idea that God knows about the writer’s troubles. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
983	31:7	ji14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the distress of my soul	0	Here “my soul” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “my distress” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
984	31:8	x76g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	You have set my feet	0	Here “my feet” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “You have set me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
985	31:8	d4bb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	a wide open place	0	The Hebrews thought of wide open spaces as a metaphor for safety and freedom. Alternate translation: “a place where I am free” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
986	31:9	iv54			I am in distress	0	Alternate translation: “I am suffering greatly”
987	31:9	amp8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my soul and my body	0	The terms “soul” and “body” are used to describe the complete person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
988	31:10	p8pm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	For my life is weary	0	Here “my life” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “I have become very weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
989	31:10	nw2b			with sorrow & with groaning	0	Alternate translation: “because of my sorrow … because of my groaning”
990	31:10	l7fj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	my years with groaning	0	The phrase “is weary” is missing, but is implied. Alternate translation: “my years are weary with groaning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
991	31:10	a1r3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	My strength fails	0	Here “My strength” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “I have become weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
992	31:10	b5c7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my bones are wasting away	0	Here “my bones” refers to the physical health of the writer. Alternate translation: “my health is failing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
993	31:11	n8g3			people disdain me	0	Alternate translation: “people insult me”
994	31:11	w86t			are appalled at my situation	0	Alternate translation: “are shocked at my condition”
995	31:12	w6b3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	as a dead man whom no one thinks about	0	People do not think about dead people. The writer does not think people think about him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
996	31:12	dnb7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like a broken pot	0	The writer speaks of himself as if he was completely useless. “as useless as a broken pot” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
997	31:13	ll6r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	the whispering of many	0	It is implied that “many” refers to people. Alternate translation: “many people talking about me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
998	31:13	pf7q			terrifying news from every side	0	Alternate translation: “scary reports from many sources”
999	31:13	d84i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	take away my life	0	This idiom means to kill someone. Alternate translation: “kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1000	31:15	pr1h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	My times are in your hand	0	Here “your hand” refers to Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “You have the power to decide my future” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1001	31:15	c577			from those who pursue me	0	Alternate translation: “from people who try to capture me”
1002	31:16	x22n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Make your face shine on your servant	0	The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards him as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on him. Alternate translation: “Act favorably towards your servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1003	31:16	hjf7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	save me in your covenant faithfulness	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “save me because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1004	31:17	fg5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Do not let me be humiliated	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not let others make me feel ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1005	31:17	vud9			May the wicked be humiliated!	0	Alternate translation: “I wish that God would disgrace wicked people!”
1006	31:17	mw8m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the wicked	0	This refers to “wicked people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1007	31:17	n96w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	May they be silent in Sheol	0	Here “in Sheol” represents death. Alternate translation: “Let them die so they cannot speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1008	31:18	rvr4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	May lying lips be silenced	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “May someone make these lying lips silent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1009	31:18	jqf6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	lying lips	0	These represent lying people. Alternate translation: “people who lie” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1010	31:18	dig8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	that speak against the righteous defiantly	0	Here “the righteous” refers to people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “that say terrible things about righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1011	31:18	r22l			with arrogance and contempt	0	These terms have similar meanings. Alternate translation: “with a complete lack of respect”
1012	31:19	c7i2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	is your goodness	0	This can be expressed with a verb. Alternate translation: “are the good things you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1013	31:19	dge4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	that you have stored up	0	Yahweh’s goodness is spoken of as if it was something that could be stored up like a harvest. Alternate translation: “that you are keeping ready to use” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1014	31:19	ld4z			those who revere you	0	Alternate translation: “those who respect you greatly”
1015	31:19	iu38		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	take refuge in you	0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. See how you translated this in [Psalms 31:1](../031/001.md). Alternate translation: “those who go to you for protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1016	31:20	q6pa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	In the shelter of your presence, you hide them & You hide them in a shelter	0	These phrases both mean that God protects them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1017	31:20	v252		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	In the shelter	0	Yahweh’s presence is spoken of as if it is a strong building where the writer would be safe. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1018	31:20	dx2q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	You hide them in a shelter	0	Here a “shelter” represents a safe place. Alternate translation: “You provide a safe place for them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1019	31:20	jre5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from the violence of tongues	0	Here “tongues” refer to the people who are speaking violent things against the writer. Alternate translation: “where their enemies cannot speak evil at them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1020	31:21	jkp6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	he showed me his marvelous covenant faithfulness	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he showed me that he is wonderfully faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1021	31:22	uq2j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	I am cut off from your eyes	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You have removed me from your presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1022	31:22	aku2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	your eyes	0	Here Yahweh is represented by his “eyes.” Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1023	31:22	pa4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	you heard my plea for help	0	Here “plea” can be expressed with a verb. Alternate translation: “you heard me plead for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1024	31:23	a8kd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the faithful	0	This refers to the faithful people. Alternate translation: “the people who are faithful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1025	31:23	el6y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	he pays back the arrogant in full	0	Here “pay back” is an idiom that refers to punishment. Alternate translation: “he gives the proud people all of the punishment that they deserve” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1026	32:intro	le2f				0	# Psalm 032 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 32 is a psalm of confession of sin. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Confession of sin\n\nThis psalm tells of the sorrow of unconfessed sin; it also tells of the blessing of confession and of receiving God’s forgiveness. It is such a blessing when God forgives sin. Trouble comes when sin is hidden and not confessed. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]])
1027	32:1	w4yz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1028	32:1	tgw8			A psalm of David	0	This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
1029	32:1	pzp9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered	0	These phrases have similar meanings. They can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who God forgives his transgression and covers his sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1030	32:1	sch5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	whose sin is covered	0	Here sin that is forgiven is spoken of as if it were covered so that it can not be seen. Alternate translation: “whose sin is ignored” or “whose sin is deliberately forgotten” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1031	32:2	k682		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	to whom Yahweh reckons no guilt	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom Yahweh sees as innocent” or “who is not guilty according to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1032	32:2	m29u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	in whose spirit there is no deceit	0	Here “spirit” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “in whom there is not deceit” or “who is completely honest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1033	32:3	s6cx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my bones were wasting away	0	Here “my bones” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “I was wasting away” or “I was getting weaker” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1034	32:3	svq8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	all day long	0	This idiom means “continually.” Alternate translation: “all the time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1035	32:4	j9jl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	day and night	0	These extremes include everything in between. Alternate translation: “all the time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1036	32:4	xw1r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	your hand was heavy upon me	0	Here “hand” refers to Yahweh. The entire phrase is an idiom that means “you afflicted me.” Alternate translation: “you made me suffer greatly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1037	32:4	fkc1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	My strength withered as in summer drought	0	David’s strength is compared to a small, green plant that turns brown and crumbles in the dry season. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1038	32:6	rpw8			at a time of great distress	0	Alternate translation: “when they are in great trouble.”
1039	32:6	yl7l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	When the surging waters overflow, the waters will not reach them	0	Difficulties are spoken of as if they were a flood of water. Alternate translation: “Then when difficulties come like a flood of water, those people will be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1040	32:7	r54z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	You are my hiding place	0	Yahweh is spoken of as if he was a safe place from the attacks of the writer’s enemies. Alternate translation: “You are like a place where I can hide myself from my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1041	32:7	u3z7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	You will surround me with the songs of victory	0	This metaphor apparently means that Yahweh’s protection of the writer is the cause for songs of victory to be sung. Alternate translation: “Because of you I will sing songs of victory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1042	32:8	x1lw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	I will instruct you and teach you in the way	0	The words “instruct” and “teach” mean basically the same thing and emphasize careful instruction. Alternate translation: “I will teach you everything about the way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1043	32:8	mh9j			I will instruct	0	Here the “I” is probably Yahweh who talks directly to David.
1044	32:8	s74m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	in the way which you should go	0	Living in the correct way is spoken of as if it were a path that the writer should walk. Alternate translation: “how you should live your life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1045	32:8	lj3f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	with my eye upon you	0	Here “my eye” refers to Yahweh’s attention. Alternate translation: “and direct my attention to you” or “and watch over you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1046	32:9	ry6h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Do not be like a horse & no understanding	0	The writer compares people with no understanding to horses and mules. This could mean: (1) the writer is speaking Yahweh’s words to his readers, “You all must not be like a horse … no understanding” or (2) Yahweh is speaking to the writer as though to a group of people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1047	32:9	g1b3			bridle and bit	0	Two tools that are used by people to guide horses and mules go where the rider wants them to go.
1048	32:9	cv6w			where you want them to	0	“where anyone wants them to go.” The “you” here is singular and refers to no one in particular.
1049	32:10	ann9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness will surround the one who trusts in him	0	Yahweh being faithful to a person and protecting that person is spoken of as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness surrounded the person. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant, he will protect the one who trusts in him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1050	32:11	zxp2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Be glad in Yahweh	0	Here “in Yahweh” refers to what Yahweh has done for them. “Be glad because of what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1051	32:11	n71r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	you righteous	0	This refers to people. Alternate translation: “you righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1052	32:11	gs62			shout for joy	0	Alternate translation: “shout joyfully” or “shout because of joy”
1053	32:11	ame7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	who are upright in heart	0	Here “heart” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “people who are upright” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1054	33:intro	m4ih				0	# Psalm 033 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 33 is a worship song. It tells how great God is.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God’s power\n\nGod is the creator and also the God of his people, Israel. Whatever he plans works out. He alone provides safety in battle.
1055	33:1	b979		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1056	33:1	x3gc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Rejoice in Yahweh	0	Here “in Yahweh” refers to what Yahweh has done for them. “Rejoice because of what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1057	33:1	jn1l			praise is appropriate for the upright	0	Alternate translation: “to praise Yahweh is appropriate for upright people”
1058	33:4	mcg5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nEach verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1059	33:4	t8rm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh’s word is upright	0	Here “upright” is used as a metaphor for something that is true. Alternate translation: “Yahweh always does what he says that he will do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1060	33:5	n6zg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	He loves righteousness and justice	0	These abstract nouns can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “He loves doing what is right and just” or “He loves those who do what is right and just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1061	33:5	e631		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The earth is full of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness	0	People everywhere in the world being able to see evidence of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if his covenant faithfulness filled the earth. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **covenant faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “People everywhere on earth can see that Yahweh is faithful to his covenant” or “Throughout the earth, there is evidence that Yahweh is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1062	33:6	qhw8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	By the word of Yahweh the heavens were made	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “By using his word, Yahweh made the heavens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1063	33:6	bb33		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	by the breath of his mouth	0	This refers to Yahweh’s word. Alternate translation: “by his word” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1064	33:7	xt7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nEach verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1065	33:7	k6ey		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like a heap	0	“like behind a dam.” The writer describes the creation of the sea as if God piles up all the waters together. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1066	33:7	eg5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he puts the oceans in storehouses	0	The writer describes the creation of the oceans as if God put them in a storehouse. Alternate translation: “he puts the oceans in their place, just like a man puts grain in a storehouse” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1067	33:8	vc67		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Let the whole earth	0	This refers to the people on the earth. Alternate translation: “Let everyone on earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1068	33:8	ame6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	stand in awe of him	0	Here “stand in awe” is an idiom that means “be in awe.” Alternate translation: “honor him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1069	33:9	c3h8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	stood in place	0	Here “stood in place” is an idiom that means “was created.” Alternate translation: “started to exist” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1070	33:10	x22s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nEach verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1071	33:10	zp3d			Yahweh frustrates	0	Alternate translation: “Yahweh destroys” or “Yahweh breaks”
1072	33:10	r5ri		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the alliances of nations	0	Here “nations” refers to the people of these nations. Alternate translation: “the alliances of the people of different nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1073	33:10	sn2l			alliances	0	An alliance is an agreement between two or more nations to support each other in a war against a common enemy.
1074	33:10	evm2			the plans of the peoples	0	Alternate translation: “the evil plans of the peoples”
1075	33:11	gp8c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	stand forever	0	Here “stand” is an idiom that means “endure.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1076	33:11	ww4p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	the plans of his heart for all generations	0	The missing term “stand” is implied. Alternate translation: “the plans of his heart stand for all generations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1077	33:11	vhg2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the plans of his heart	0	Here “his heart” refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “his plans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1078	33:11	lea7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	for all generations	0	“for all future generations.” This is an idiom that means “forever.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1079	33:12	w4nk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Blessed is the nation	0	Here “the nation” refers to the people of the nation. Alternate translation: “Blessed are the people of the nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1080	33:12	ph21			whose God is Yahweh	0	Alternate translation: “who worship Yahweh as God”
1081	33:12	k4jm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	as his own inheritance	0	The people Yahweh has chosen to worship him are described here as if they were an inheritance that he has received. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1082	33:14	r7tm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he looks down	0	The place where Yahweh lives is spoken of as if it is above the earth where people live. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1083	33:15	ch4n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	shapes the hearts of them all	0	Here “hearts” refers to the thinking of these people. The writer speaks of Yahweh guiding the thinking of the people as if he were a potter who was shaping a bowl. Alternate translation: “guides their thinking as a potter shapes a bowl” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1084	33:16	w54n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	No king is saved by a vast army	0	This could be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A large army is not what saves a king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1085	33:17	hgn8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	A horse is a false hope for victory	0	Here “a horse” represents the strongest part of the army. Alternate translation: “Having an army with strong horses does not provide security” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1086	33:18	v87c			See	0	This word shows that a new theme begins in this Psalm. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1087	33:18	fy9c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh’s eye	0	Here “eye” refers to Yahweh’s attention. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s attention” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1088	33:18	y8yf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	those who hope in his covenant faithfulness	0	The idiom to “count on” means to “wait for” or to “expect.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adverb. Alternate translation: “those who expect him to act faithfully because of his covenant” or “those who wait for him to act because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1089	33:19	z5yv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	to deliver their lives from death	0	Here “their lives” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “to keep them from dying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1090	33:20	j64c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	We wait for Yahweh	0	Here “wait” is an idiom that refers to trust. Alternate translation: “We trust in Yahweh” or “We hope in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1091	33:20	l55j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he is our help and our shield	0	Here Yahweh is spoken of as if he is a shield that protects soldiers in battle. Alternate translation: “he is our helper and protects us like a shield” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1092	33:21	ujv3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Our hearts rejoice	0	Here “hearts” refer to the people. Alternate translation: “We rejoice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1093	33:21	eu9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in his holy name	0	Here “holy name” refers to Yahweh’s holy character. Alternate translation: “in his holy character” or “in him because he is holy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1094	33:22	nn9g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Let your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, be with us	0	Yahweh acting faithfully towards the people is spoken of as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness were with them. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adverb. Alternate translation: “May you always act faithfully towards us because of your covenant, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1095	33:22	jye8			as we put our hope in you	0	Alternate translation: “as we hope for your help”
1096	34:intro	az5s				0	# Psalm 034 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 34 is a teaching psalm and includes thanksgiving. It teaches that living right leads to a good life. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])\n\nThe psalm does not relate directly to the superscription given about Abimelech.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s help\n\nGood people can have problems, but God brings them through these. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])
1097	34:1	p9iv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1098	34:1	w9ay			A psalm of David	0	This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
1099	34:1	j36y			pretended to be insane	0	Alternate translation: “acted like a crazy person”
1100	34:1	m4gs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	before Abimelech	0	This refers to a specific historical event that the Hebrews knew well. Alternate translation: “when he was in Abimelech’s house” or “when he was Abimelech’s prisoner” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1101	34:1	klk3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his praise will always be in my mouth	0	Here “in my mouth” refers to David speaking about Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will always praise him out loud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1102	34:2	rk7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the oppressed	0	This refers to people who are oppressed. Alternate translation: “the oppressed people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1103	34:3	me7c			Praise Yahweh with me	0	The verb “praise” is a command to a group. Alternate translation: “Everyone should praise Yahweh with me”
1104	34:3	n56p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	lift up his name	0	Here “lift up” is an idiom that refers to exalting Yahweh. Alternate translation: “tell people how great he is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1105	34:3	hjw1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his name	0	Here “his name” refers to Yahweh’s character. Alternate translation: “his character” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1106	34:4	def1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I sought Yahweh	0	Here “sought Yahweh” means David was asking Yahweh for help. Alternate translation: “I prayed to Yahweh” or “I asked Yahweh for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1107	34:5	t6s5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Those who look to him	0	Here “look to” represents seeking help from him. Alternate translation: “Those who look at him for help” or “those who expect help only from him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1108	34:5	ndy9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	are radiant	0	This idiom refers to their appearance as being joyful. Alternate translation: “are joyful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1109	34:5	caz9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	their faces are not ashamed	0	Here “their faces” refers to the people who look to Yahweh. It can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “they are not ashamed” or “they are proud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1110	34:6	cib3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	This oppressed man	0	David describes himself as an oppressed man. Alternate translation: “I was oppressed and” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1111	34:6	qw3c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Yahweh heard him	0	Here “heard” means that Yahweh helped him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh heard me” or “Yahweh helped him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1112	34:7	qu9z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	camps around	0	The angel of Yahweh is spoken of as if he were an army that camps around someone in order to protect them. Alternate translation: “guards” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1113	34:8	qed8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Taste and see that Yahweh is good	0	Yahweh’s goodness is spoken of as something that can be tasted and seen. Alternate translation: “Try and experience that Yahweh is good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1114	34:8	j8ma		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	takes refuge	0	Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a place where people can hide for protection from their enemies. Alternate translation: “trust him to protect them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1115	34:9	vv95		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	There is no lack for those who fear him	0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Those who fear him will always have what they need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1116	34:10	ch59		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	will not lack anything good	0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will always have the good things they need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1117	34:11	ge81			sons	0	Here this does not refer to literal sons of the writer, but to the people he is teaching about Yahweh. Alternate translation: “my students”
1118	34:12	gmc4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What man is there who desires life and loves many days, that he may see good?	0	The implicit answer to this question is “every man.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Every man desires life and desires to live many days and have a good life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1119	34:13	h79u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	keep your tongue from evil & keep your lips from speaking lies	0	These two phrases refer to the same thing and it is said in different ways to emphasize its importance. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1120	34:13	jy3g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Then keep your tongue from evil	0	Here “tongue” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “Therefore, do not speak evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1121	34:13	d237		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	keep your lips from speaking lies	0	Here “lips” refers to the person speaking. Alternate translation: “do not speak lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1122	34:14	l778		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Turn away from evil	0	Here “Turn away” is a metaphor for avoiding evil. Alternate translation: “Refuse to do evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1123	34:14	sjg9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Seek peace	0	Here “seek” means to be concerned about peace. Alternate translation: “Try hard to live in peace with other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1124	34:15	x87w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The eyes of Yahweh are on the righteous	0	Here “the eyes of Yahweh” refer to his careful watching. “The righteous” is a reference to righteous people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh carefully watches over the righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1125	34:15	ihz6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	his ears are directed toward their cry	0	Here Yahweh is represented by his “ears.” To be directed toward something means to pay attention to it. Alternate translation: “he pays attention to their cry” or “he answers their cry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1126	34:16	b3yv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	to cut off the memory of them from the earth	0	Yahweh will cause people to so completely forget them when they die that it is as if he used a knife to cut off any memory of them. Alternate translation: “so that when they are dead, people will forget them completely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1127	34:17	ib9f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Yahweh hears	0	Here “hears” means that Yahweh desires to respond to them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh pays attention to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1128	34:18	ers6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Yahweh is close	0	Here “is close” means “ready to help.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh is always ready to help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1129	34:18	km9m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the brokenhearted	0	This is a nominal adjective that refers to people who are brokenhearted. Deep sadness is spoken of as if the person’s heart is broken. Alternate translation: “people who are very sad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1130	34:18	zhw6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	those who are crushed in spirit	0	People who are deeply discouraged are spoken of as if their spirits are crushed. Alternate translation: “people who are deeply discouraged” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1131	34:19	s9nw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the righteous	0	This refers to people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “the righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1132	34:20	p78v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	He keeps all his bones, not one of them will be broken	0	Here “all his bones” is literal, but it also implies that Yahweh takes care of the entire person. Alternate translation: “He provides complete protection for him, he will not be harmed in any way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1133	34:21	zrq9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Evil will kill the wicked	0	Evil is described as if it were a man who can kill people. Alternate translation: “The evil deeds of wicked people will kill them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1134	34:21	rj4c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the wicked	0	This refers to wicked people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1135	34:21	v5tb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Those who hate the righteous will be condemned	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will condemn those who hate the righteous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1136	34:21	a6li		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the righteous	0	This refers to righteous people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1137	34:22	pl7j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	None of those who take refuge in him will be condemned	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. It can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive everyone who takes refuge in him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1138	34:22	wb23		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	take refuge in him	0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to him for protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1139	35:intro	d3ln				0	# Psalm 035 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 35 is a prayer for deliverance. His enemies are coming against him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Enemies\n\nWhen his enemies were sick, he tried to comfort them, but when he was in trouble his enemies use this as a time to attack him.
1140	35:1	u6dy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1141	35:2	uj8w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Grab your small shield and large shield	0	The writer describes God as a warrior who is preparing himself for battle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1142	35:2	f9eb			small shield and large shield	0	these are defensive weapons
1143	35:3	e4ia		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Use your spear and battle ax	0	The writer describes God as a warrior who is preparing himself for battle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1144	35:3	qr78			spear and battle ax	0	these are offensive weapons
1145	35:3	z8vr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	those who chase me	0	This could mean: (1) these enemies are literally chasing the writer or (2) this is a metaphor for people who are enemies of the writer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1146	35:3	k4rj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	say to my soul	0	This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “say to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1147	35:3	wz6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	I am your salvation	0	This can be stated without the abstract noun. Alternate translation: “I am your savior” or “I will save you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1148	35:4	w6yz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	May those who seek my life be shamed and dishonored	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh shame and dishonor those who seek my life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1149	35:4	pv5x			May those	0	Alternate translation: “I desire that”
1150	35:4	s62m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	who seek my life	0	Here “seek my life” means they desire to kill the writer. The writer is represented by his “life.” Alternate translation: “who are trying to kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1151	35:4	fq9w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	May those who plan to harm me be turned back and confounded	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh turn back and confound those who plan to harm me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1152	35:4	g34u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	be turned back	0	“be turned back” here is a metaphor for being unable to accomplish their goal. Alternate translation: “be unsuccessful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1153	35:4	mks4			confounded	0	Alternate translation: “confused”
1154	35:5	wp56		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	as chaff before the wind	0	The writer’s enemies are spoken of as if they are chaff that is easily blown away. Alternate translation: “blown away by the wind like chaff” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1155	35:6	ayu2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	their way	0	Here “their way” refers to their lives. Alternate translation: “their lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1156	35:6	w5gp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	dark and slippery	0	This refers to a way that is hidden and dangerous. Alternate translation: “hidden and full of dangers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1157	35:6	ehs5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	chases them	0	This refers to the angel of Yahweh being opposed to the writer’s enemies. Alternate translation: “works against them” or “opposes them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1158	35:7	h8ne		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they set their net for me	0	The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a net that they set to catch the writer. Alternate translation: “they want to catch me in a net like a small animal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1159	35:7	j68b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they dug a pit for my life	0	The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a pit that they dug to catch the writer. Alternate translation: “they wanted to capture me in a pit like a big animal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1160	35:7	kw8m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my life	0	This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1161	35:8	iq5p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Let destruction overtake them by surprise	0	Destruction is spoken of as if it was a dangerous animal that would suddenly attack them. Alternate translation: “Let them be destroyed suddenly” or “Let them be surprised because you destroy them suddenly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1162	35:8	d6rv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the net that they have set	0	The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a net that they place to catch the writer. Alternate translation: “the net that they placed in order to capture me like an animal and harm me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1163	35:8	e9d9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Let them fall into it	0	This is the same metaphor as in verse 7. The net is intended to catch the writer. Alternate translation: “Let them fall into the pit that they dug for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1164	35:8	n85r			fall into it	0	This could mean: (1) fall into the pit of verse 7 or (2) fall into destruction.
1165	35:8	q1k1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	to their destruction	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “so that they will be destroyed” or “that is how you should destroy them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1166	35:9	gv3z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	in his salvation	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “because you save me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1167	35:10	dy1n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	All my bones	0	Here “bones” refers to the deepest inner being of a person. Alternate translation: “My whole inner being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1168	35:10	fcx1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh, who is like you & those who try to rob them?	0	The implicit answer to this question is that no one is like Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, there is no one like you … those who try to rob them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1169	35:10	kuz3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	the poor and needy	0	The words “poor” and “needy” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh saves many who need his help. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1170	35:11	j8nd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	rise up	0	This means they testify in a trial. Alternate translation: “volunteer to give a testimony” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1171	35:12	ns9v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They repay me evil for good	0	This is a metaphor which means they give back evil in exchange for the good they have received. Alternate translation: “In return for my doing good things for them, they do evil things to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1172	35:12	j7e3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	evil & good	0	These abstract nouns can be stated in other forms. Alternate translation: “evil things … good things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1173	35:12	v5ej			I am sorrowful	0	Alternate translation: “I am extremely sad”
1174	35:13	jiu2			when they were sick	0	The word “they” refers to the “unrighteous witnesses” ([Psalms 35:11](../035/011.md)).
1175	35:13	t4yd			I wore sackcloth	0	Alternate translation: “I showed that I was sad”
1176	35:13	gt7d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	with my head bowed on my chest	0	This was a symbol of prayer. “with my head bent down in prayer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1177	35:14	zuy5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	in grief as for my brother	0	The writer was as sad as if his own brother had died. Alternate translation: “grieving as if my own brother was ill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1178	35:14	kn9w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	I bent down in mourning as for my mother	0	The writer mourned as if his own mother had died. Alternate translation: “I mourned as if my own mother had died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1179	35:14	zqf9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	I bent down	0	This was a symbol of pain and suffering. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1180	35:15	ff5f			gathered together	0	Alternate translation: “assembled together” or “came together”
1181	35:15	w4hv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	against me	0	This means they came together for the purpose of attacking the writer. Alternate translation: “to make plans against me” or “to plan my destruction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1182	35:15	qu3u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They tore at me	0	Here the treated the writer as if he were a piece of cloth that they could tear to pieces. Alternate translation: “They attacked me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1183	35:16	l7dx			With no respect at all they mocked me	0	(1) “With the worthless people they ridiculed me” or (2) “Without respect they made fun of me”
1184	35:16	j13z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	they grind their teeth at me in rage	0	This is a sign of anger and hate. “they made grinding noises with their teeth at me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1185	35:17	x3er		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	how long will you look on?	0	This rhetorical question indicates that the writer wants God to stop simply looking on and to start to help him. Alternate translation: “how long will you only watch them doing this?” or “when will you help me?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1186	35:17	te6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Rescue my soul	0	Here “soul” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “Rescue me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1187	35:17	ygg1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	my life from the lions	0	The word “save” is implied. Alternate translation: “save my life from the lions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1188	35:17	kep3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my life	0	This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1189	35:17	d2a8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	from the lions	0	Here the writer speaks of his enemies as if they were vicious lions. Alternate translation: “from my enemies who attack me like wild animals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1190	35:19	p53g			Do not let my deceitful enemies	0	Alternate translation: “Do not let my enemies, who tell lies about me,”
1191	35:19	a7lv			their wicked schemes	0	Alternate translation: “their evil plans”
1192	35:20	pjw3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	they do not speak peace	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **peace**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “peacefully.” Alternate translation: “they do not speak peacefully to people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1193	35:20	sg2n			devise deceitful words	0	Alternate translation: “look for ways to tell lies”
1194	35:20	e21a			those in our land who live in peace	0	Alternate translation: “those who live peacefully in our land”
1195	35:20	p638		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	live in peace	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **peace**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “live peacefully with others” or “do no harm to anyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1196	35:21	vvg2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	They open their mouths wide against me	0	The reason they open their mouths is to accuse the writer. Alternate translation: “They shout at me in order to accuse me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1197	35:21	b5wt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	Aha, Aha	0	This is something an excited person says when he has suddenly seen or understood something, especially something other people did not expect him to see. It emphasizes the statement that follows. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
1198	35:21	s32p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	our eyes have seen it	0	Here “our eyes” refers to the enemies’ eyes. It is implied that they are saying they saw the writer do something wrong. Alternate translation: “we have seen it” or “we saw the wrong things that you did” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1199	35:22	gn7x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	You have seen it	0	Here “it” refers to the false accusations of the writer’s enemies. Alternate translation: “You have seen how they falsely accused me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1200	35:22	tt5p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	do not be silent	0	“do not ignore what they did” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “judge them because of what they did” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1201	35:22	a6yk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	do not be far from me	0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “be very close to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1202	35:23	hkj2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Arouse yourself and awake	0	This does not mean that God is actually asleep. The writer wants God to intervene. Both words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the urgency of this request. Alternate translation: “I feel like you are sleeping! Wake up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1203	35:23	g2zc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	to my defense	0	This abstract noun “defense” can be stated as “defend.” Alternate translation: “to defend me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1204	35:23	qri7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my cause	0	This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1205	35:24	h9ku			do not let them rejoice over me	0	Alternate translation: “do not let them be glad because I am suffering”
1206	35:25	g22z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	say in their heart	0	This is an idiom that means to say to oneself. Alternate translation: “say to themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1207	35:25	lj61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	Aha	0	This is an exclamation that is used when something is suddenly seen or understood. It emphasizes what follows. Alternate translation: “Yes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
1208	35:25	vuc2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	we have what we wanted	0	It is implied that the writer’s enemies wanted him to be declared guilty. Alternate translation: “he has been declared guilty just as we desired” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1209	35:25	p58l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	We have devoured him	0	The writer’s enemies speak of his destruction as if they were wild animals who had eaten him. Alternate translation: “We have swallowed him up” or “We have destroyed him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1210	35:26	fck7			May they be put to shame and may they be confounded who rejoice at my distress	0	Alternate translation: “May those who rejoice at my distress be put to shame and confounded”
1211	35:26	p6id			May they be put to shame	0	Alternate translation: “May they feel shame”
1212	35:26	m9cp			may they be confounded	0	Alternate translation: “may they be confused” or “may they be humiliated”
1213	35:26	q1m6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	May those who exalt themselves over me be clothed with shame and dishonor	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “May you clothe with shame and dishonor those who exalt themselves over me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1214	35:26	y2xu			exalt themselves over me	0	Alternate translation: “consider themselves better than I am” or “think they have the right to treat me badly”
1215	35:26	j7j7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	clothed with shame and dishonor	0	Here shame and dishonor are spoken of as if they were shameful clothes that the writer could wear. These abstract nouns can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “shamed and dishonored” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1216	35:26	he8a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	shame and dishonor	0	These terms mean about the same thing and are used to emphasize how degraded they will be. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1217	35:27	ywv7			my vindication	0	Here “vindication” refers to Yahweh proclaiming or judging the psalmist innocent.
1218	35:27	f434			may they say continually	0	Alternate translation: “may they always say”
1219	35:27	zr5u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Yahweh be praised	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Let us praise Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1220	35:27	l9kp			who delights in	0	Alternate translation: “who is happy with” or “who is glad for”
1221	35:27	ra7f			welfare	0	well-being, happiness
1222	35:28	b4q3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	tell of your justice	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “right.” Alternate translation: “proclaim that you act in the right way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1223	36:intro	a634				0	# Psalm 036 General Notes\n\n## Formatting in this chapter\n\nPsalm 36 is a psalm of praise. It speaks of how good God is to those who love him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God and man\n\nEvil people do not think about God; but he is such a pleasure to all who honor him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
1224	36:1	d19d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1225	36:1	hw62			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1226	36:1	eg5r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	An evil man	0	This does not refer to a specific man, but to evil people in general. Alternate translation: “Evil people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1227	36:1	pzl6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from deep in his heart	0	Here “heart” refers to the inner being of a person. Alternate translation: “from his inner being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1228	36:1	zm16		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	in his eyes	0	Here “eyes” refers to the wicked person. Alternate translation: “in him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1229	36:2	fd1w			he comforts himself, thinking	0	Alternate translation: “he prefers to believe” or “he wants to think”
1230	36:2	z7qc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	his sin will not be discovered and be hated	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will not discover and hate his sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1231	36:3	v6yt			His words are	0	Alternate translation: “What he says is”
1232	36:3	pir7			do good	0	Alternate translation: “do things that are good”
1233	36:4	d3zz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he sets out on an evil way	0	The sinful actions of the man are spoken of as if he was walking along a path that was evil. Alternate translation: “he begins to do evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1234	36:4	w34n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	he does not reject evil	0	Here “evil” can be stated in another form. Alternate translation: “he does not reject evil behavior” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1235	36:5	wiw8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Your covenant faithfulness & reaches to the heavens	0	The greatness of God’s covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if it were an object that reached as high as the heavens. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Your covenant faithfulness … is very great” or “You … are as faithful to your covenant as the heavens are high above the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1236	36:5	m314		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	reaches to the clouds	0	The greatness of God’s loyalty is spoken of as if it was very high. Alternate translation: “is as high as the clouds” or “is enormously great” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1237	36:6	s49q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like the mountains of God & like the great deep	0	These phrases describe the greatness of God’s righteousness and judgments as if they were very high and deep. Alternate translation: “as high as the highest mountains … as deep as the deepest sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1238	36:6	e8gt			you preserve	0	Alternate translation: “you help” or “you save”
1239	36:7	vs32		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	How precious is your covenant faithfulness	0	The word “precious” refers to how greatly the writer values Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I greatly value how you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1240	36:8	vy98		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They feast upon the abundance of your house	0	Eating much food as guests in a house is a metaphor for God providing all his people need. Alternate translation: “They will have all they need because you will provide it to them” or “You have plenty to give, and you will provide them with all they need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1241	36:8	mw7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you let them drink from the river of your delights	0	There are two metaphors here. God’s abundant blessings are spoken of as if they are the water in a flowing river. Also, those who receive those blessings are spoken of as if they are drinking them like water. Alternate translation: “your precious blessings are like a river from which you will let them drink” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1242	36:9	wc6m			fountain of life	0	Alternate translation: “source of life”
1243	36:9	f7u5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	in your light we will see light	0	Here “light” is a metaphor for true knowledge. Alternate translation: “when you enlighten us, we will know the truth” or “your light is what enables us to know the truth about you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1244	36:10	d1ua		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Extend your covenant faithfulness fully to those who know you	0	The writer speaks of Yahweh continuing to act faithfully towards the people as if Yahweh were to extend his covenant faithfulness or make it longer. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adverb. Alternate translation: “Continue to act faithfully to those who know you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1245	36:10	jtd4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	your defense to the upright of heart	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **defense**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. “Continue” is implied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “Continue to protect the upright of heart” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1246	36:10	qms7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the upright of heart	0	Here “heart” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “the upright” or “people who act righteously” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1247	36:11	z9yf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the foot of the arrogant man & the hand of the wicked	0	Here “foot” and “hand” refer to the evil people. These are not specific men. This refers to evil people in general. Alternate translation: “arrogant people … wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1248	36:11	a5wg			drive me away	0	Alternate translation: “send me away” or “make me leave my place”
1249	36:12	mm9r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	evildoers have fallen; they are knocked down and are not able to get up	0	All three phrases describe the evildoers as defeated. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1250	36:12	q7yf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	they are knocked down	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have knocked them down” or “you have destroyed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1251	36:12	bmn7			are not able to get up	0	Alternate translation: “cannot get up”
1252	37:intro	tv7e				0	# Psalm 037 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 37 is a teaching psalm. It provides guidance about how to live a moral and God-fearing life. It teaches that evil people do not prosper in the future. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Envy\n\nDo not envy evil people. Although it appears as though they prosper, soon they will be destroyed and the good people will continue on living. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])
1253	37:1	bd2s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1254	37:1	a1ye			Do not be irritated because of evildoers	0	Alternate translation: “Do not let wicked people upset you” or “Do not be bothered by what wicked people do”
1255	37:2	y2vk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	dry up as the grass & wither as the green plants	0	Evildoers are spoken of as if they are grass and plants that dry up and die in the hot weather. These two similes both mean they will die. Alternate translation: “die” or “come to an end” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1256	37:3	eb2r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	graze in faithfulness	0	Faithfulness is spoken of as if it was an animal that would be strengthened by feeding in good pasture. Alternate translation: “nourish faithfulness” or “increase your faithfulness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1257	37:4	pbq2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the desires of your heart	0	Here “heart” represents the person’s inner being and thoughts. Alternate translation: “your deepest, inner desires” or “the things that you desire the most” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1258	37:5	wt82		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Give your ways to Yahweh	0	Here “give your ways” is an idiom that means to ask Yahweh to control your life. Alternate translation: “Ask Yahweh to guide your actions in life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1259	37:5	i61n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	act on your behalf	0	This is to represent another in legal issues. Here, when one trusts in Yahweh, he will defend that person and grant justice to that person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1260	37:6	lt22		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	like the daylight & like the day at noon	0	Both of these phrases mean about the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1261	37:6	n8jl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like the daylight	0	This means “in full view of everyone.” Alternate translation: “as clear to see as the light of day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1262	37:6	jt1t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like the day at noon	0	This means “as visible as the noon sun.” Alternate translation: “as visible as the light at the brightest time of day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1263	37:7	vgp6			Be still	0	Alternate translation: “Be quiet”
1264	37:9	qq5y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will be cut off	0	The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1265	37:9	ijv6			but those who wait for Yahweh	0	Alternate translation: “but those who trust in Yahweh”
1266	37:9	rvq6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will inherit the land	0	The possession of the land is spoken of as if it will be received as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “will receive the land as their own possession” or “will live safely in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1267	37:10	zbl4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	will disappear	0	This idiom refers to the death of the evil man. Alternate translation: “will die and you will no longer see him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1268	37:11	ma58		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the meek	0	This refers to the people who are meek. Alternate translation: “the meek people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1269	37:11	bs1x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will inherit the land	0	The possession of the land is spoken of as if it will be received as an inheritance. See how you translated this in [Psalms 37:9](../037/009.md). Alternate translation: “will receive the land as their own possession” or “will live safely in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1270	37:12	vej2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	The wicked man	0	This does not refer to a specific man. It refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “The wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1271	37:12	k2zu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the righteous	0	This does not refer to specific people. This refers to people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “the righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1272	37:12	y9px		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage	grinds his teeth	0	The wicked man hates the righteous person so much that he grinds his teeth together to show his anger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1273	37:13	g21a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	his day is coming	0	It is implied that “his day” will be a day of judgment. Alternate translation: “the day is coming when Yahweh will judge and punish him” or “the day is coming when Yahweh will judge and punish the wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1274	37:14	wde8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	The wicked	0	This refers to the wicked people. Alternate translation: “The wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1275	37:14	yet9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	have drawn out their swords & have bent their bows	0	Both “swords” and “bows” are weapons used to attack people. The fact that they are “drawn” and “bent” means they are ready to start attacking. Alternate translation: “have prepared their weapons in order to attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1276	37:14	f2i7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	to cast down	0	This destruction of the needy people is spoken of as if they were clay pots that would break into pieces when thrown down on the ground. Alternate translation: “to destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1277	37:14	r9uh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	the oppressed and needy	0	These terms both refer to people who are powerless to defend themselves. Alternate translation: “people who are not able to resist them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1278	37:15	p5xq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Their swords will pierce their own hearts	0	Swords are examples of weapons and “hearts” represent the people. To “pierce the heart” is an idiom that means “to kill.” Alternate translation: “Their weapons will be turned against them and they will kill themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1279	37:16	d3e8			Better is the little that the righteous has than the abundance of many wicked people	0	Alternate translation: “It is better to be poor and righteous than to be wicked with great wealth”
1280	37:16	brs7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	Better is the little that the righteous has	0	The nominal adjective “the little” refers to few possessions. The nominal adjective “the righteous” refers to a righteous person. Alternate translation: “Better are the few possessions that a righteous person has” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1281	37:16	w4rb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the abundance	0	This refers to the wealth of the wicked people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1282	37:17	psr9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	For the arms of the wicked people will be broken	0	Here “arms” represent the strength of the wicked people. Breaking their arms represents taking away their power. This could be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh will remove the strength of the wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1283	37:18	f64m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	watches over the blameless	0	To “watch over” means to protect someone. Here “the blameless” refers to the blameless people. Alternate translation: “protects the blameless people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1284	37:18	ck1b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	day by day	0	This is an idiom that means “continually.” Alternate translation: “every day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1285	37:19	itw1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	when times are bad	0	This phrase refers to disasters, such as famine. Alternate translation: “when calamities occur” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1286	37:20	y7p7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Yahweh’s enemies will be like the glory of the pastures	0	The writer compares Yahweh’s enemies to the flowers blooming in the fields. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1287	37:20	c5yy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	be consumed and disappear in the smoke	0	The writer speaks of the destruction of the wicked as if they were weeds or wilted flowers in the field that are burned off after the harvest. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will destroy them as fire turns the weeds of the field into smoke” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1288	37:21	bz3p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	is generous and gives	0	These mean the same thing and emphasize the generosity of the righteous. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1289	37:22	u3r4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Those who are blessed by God will inherit the land; those who are cursed by him will be cut off	0	This is a contrastive form of Parallelism. Those who are blessed by God in contrast to those who are cursed by God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1290	37:22	bf1j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Those who are blessed by God	0	This can be stated as active. Alternate translation: “Those whom God blesses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1291	37:22	tev2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will inherit the land	0	The possession of the land is spoken of as if it had been received as an inheritance. See how you translated this in [Psalms 37:9](../037/009.md). Alternate translation: “will receive the land as their own possession” or “will be allowed to live safely in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1292	37:22	u6uk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	those who are cursed by him	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those whom Yahweh curses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1293	37:22	n6u3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will be cut off	0	The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated this in [Psalms 37:9](../037/009.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1294	37:23	cq19		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	It is by Yahweh that a man’s steps are established & commendable in God’s sight	0	These can be stated to show the logical connection and clarify the passive clause. Alternate translation: “If a man lives in a commendable way in Yahweh’s sight, Yahweh will establish his steps” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1295	37:23	fba1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	It is by Yahweh that a man’s steps are established	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who enables a man to be successful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1296	37:23	c8pu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	a man & the man	0	This does not refer to a specific man, but to people in general. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1297	37:23	na5m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a man’s steps	0	Steps represent the way a person lives. Alternate translation: “the way a man lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1298	37:24	c1m3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Though he stumbles, he will not fall down	0	Here “stumble” and “fall” refer to the man’s reaction to difficult times. Alternate translation: “Though he has difficult times, he will not utterly fail” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1299	37:24	k1r7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	holding him with his hand	0	Here “his hand” refers to Yahweh’s power, and “holding him” refers to protecting him. Alternate translation: “protecting him with his power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1300	37:25	g5w1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the righteous person abandoned	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh forsake the righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1301	37:25	nq7e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	the righteous person	0	This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1302	37:25	rv2w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	begging for bread	0	Here “bread” represents food in general. Alternate translation: begging for food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1303	37:26	jp6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	All the day long he is	0	This idiom means this action is a habit of his life. Alternate translation: “He is always (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1304	37:26	iry2			his children become a blessing	0	Alternate translation: “his children grow up to bless others”
1305	37:27	v1dr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Turn away from	0	To stop doing something is spoken of as if the person turned away from it. Alternate translation: “Stop doing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1306	37:28	ybg7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	They are preserved forever	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect them forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1307	37:28	ga2f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will be cut off	0	The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated this in [Psalms 37:9](../037/009.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1308	37:29	t6ic		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will inherit the land	0	The possession of the land is spoken of as if it had been received as an inheritance. See how you translated this in [Psalms 37:9](../037/009.md). Alternate translation: “will receive the land as their own possession” or “will be allowed to live safely in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1309	37:30	u8ut		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the righteous	0	This refers to the people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “the righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1310	37:30	w34s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The mouth of the righteous person	0	Here “mouth” represents the whole person who speaks. Alternate translation: “The righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1311	37:30	hy67		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	speaks wisdom	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “gives wise advice to others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1312	37:30	xy8u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	increases justice	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “encourages other people to live rightly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1313	37:31	bga8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The law of his God is in his heart	0	Here “in his heart” refers to his deepest inner being. Alternate translation: “He treasures the commands of his God in his inner being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1314	37:31	nf23		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	his feet will not slip	0	Here failure to obey Yahweh is spoken of as slipping off a safe path and falling. Alternate translation: “he will walk safely in the way God wants him to walk” or “he will safely do the things God wants him to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1315	37:32	jz23		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	The wicked person & the righteous person	0	These words refer to any wicked or righteous person or to wicked and righteous people in general, not to specific people. Alternate translation: “Wicked people … righteous people” or “Any wicked person” or “any righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1316	37:32	w8bk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	watches the righteous person	0	Here the watching implies observing the righteous in order to do them harm. Alternate translation: “waits in ambush for the righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1317	37:33	ea9s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	the evil person’s hand	0	These words refer to the hand of any evil person, not of any specific person. Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “evil people’s hands” or “the power of the evil person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1318	37:33	z9fb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	when he is judged	0	This refers to Yahweh judging the righteous man. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh judges him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1319	37:34	eu5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he will raise you up to possess the land	0	Here “raise you up” refers to God giving honor to those who wait for him. Alternate translation: “he will honor you by giving you the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1320	37:34	lj8c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the wicked	0	This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “the wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1321	37:34	k2fq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	are cut off	0	The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 37:9](../037/009.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1322	37:35	ec1h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	the wicked and terrifying person	0	This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1323	37:35	d6gn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	spread out like a green tree in its native soil	0	Here the prosperity of the wicked man is spoken of as if he were a healthy tree growing in good soil. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1324	37:36	lz97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	he could not be found	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I could not find him” or “Yahweh had taken him away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1325	37:37	pn9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	the man of integrity	0	This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1326	37:37	cy8i			mark the upright	0	Alternate translation: “note carefully the good people” or “notice the good people”
1327	37:38	dqj8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the future for the wicked man is cut off	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will end his family line” or “he will not have any descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1328	37:38	pn38		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the future	0	This refers to his descendants. Alternate translation: “his descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1329	37:38	al71		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	the wicked man	0	This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1330	37:38	a22i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	is cut off	0	The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 37:9](../037/009.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1331	37:39	m69g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Salvation of the righteous comes from Yahweh	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **Salvation**, you could express the same idea with an action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh rescues the righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1332	37:39	rjp3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the righteous	0	This refers to the righteous people. Alternate translation: “the righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1333	37:40	jus5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	helps & rescues & saves	0	This same idea is repeated in several different ways to emphasize that Yahweh is dependable and able to give aid. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1334	37:40	qwg7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they have taken refuge in him	0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “they have gone to him for protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1335	38:intro	ysy3				0	# Psalm 038 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 38 is a confession of sin and a prayer for deliverance. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Author’s sickness\n\nThe author was very sick and his enemies were seeking ways to destroy him.
1336	38:1	nsf9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1337	38:1	n1x9			A psalm of David	0	This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
1338	38:1	nd38		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	do not rebuke me in your anger & do not punish me in your wrath	0	These phrases mean basically the same thing and the idea is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1339	38:2	z5x4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	your arrows pierce me	0	The severity of Yahweh’s punishment of the writer is spoken of as if Yahweh had shot arrows into the writer. Alternate translation: “Your punishment is as painful as if you had shot arrows into me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1340	38:2	w3fq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	your hand presses me down	0	Yahweh’s punishment of the writer is spoken of as if Yahweh was smashing the writer with his hand. Here, “hand” refers to Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “your power knocks me down” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1341	38:3	m6l5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	there is no health in my bones because of my sin	0	Here “my bones” represents the body of the writer. Alternate translation: “my whole body is diseased because of my sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1342	38:4	m7wm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my iniquities overwhelm me	0	The writer’s iniquities are spoken of as if they are a flood of water that covers him. Alternate translation: “my iniquities cover me like a flood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1343	38:4	p4hm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they are a burden too heavy for me	0	The writer’s iniquities are spoken of as if they are a heavy load that he cannot lift. Alternate translation: “they are like a load that is too heavy for me to lift” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1344	38:5	yf37		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	My wounds are infected and smell	0	Here “smell” refer to his sores having a bad smell that is associated with rotting flesh. Alternate translation: “My wounds are infected and stink as they rot” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1345	38:6	z27f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I am stooped over	0	The pain of the writer’s wounds have caused him to be bent over as if he were an old, feeble man. Alternate translation: “I am bent over in pain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1346	38:7	b2u7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I am filled with burning	0	The writer’s is so sick with fever that it is as if he is burning inside. Alternate translation: “My body is burning with fever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1347	38:7	a9kv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	there is no health in my flesh	0	Here “my flesh” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “I am completely sick” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1348	38:8	zm7m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	utterly crushed	0	The writer’s illness is so severe that it is as if a huge weight is pressing down on him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1349	38:8	z68c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	anguish of my heart	0	Here “my heart” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “my anguish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1350	38:9	f3ph		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my heart’s deepest yearnings	0	Here “my heart” refers to the writer. It may be helpful to state that the writer desires good health. Alternate translation: “My strongest desires” or “that I desire you to heal me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1351	38:9	dqp9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	my groanings are not hidden from you	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you are able to see all my moans of sorrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1352	38:10	ifg6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	My heart pounds	0	This idiom means his heart beats intensely. Alternate translation: “My heart beats loudly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1353	38:10	xnw5			my strength fades	0	Alternate translation: “I become very weak”
1354	38:10	e7ld			my eyesight dims	0	Alternate translation: “I can no longer see well”
1355	38:12	bt4z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	lay snares for me	0	The plots of the writer’s enemies are spoken of as if they were traps that they had set to catch him like an animal. Alternate translation: “set traps to catch me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1356	38:12	xc5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	speak destructive words and say deceitful words	0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the hurtful nature of what these people say. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1357	38:13	z4gn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	I am like a deaf man & hear nothing	0	The writer does not listen to what his enemies are saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1358	38:13	hm4h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	I am like a mute man & says nothing	0	The writer does not speak evil words to or about his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1359	38:13	s5pm			a mute man	0	a person who cannot speak
1360	38:14	th66			does not hear	0	The writer does not listen to what his enemies are saying. (See: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile)
1361	38:14	ir1x			has no reply	0	The writer does not speak evil words to or about his enemies. (See: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile)
1362	38:15	px8y			you will answer	0	This could mean: (1) “you will answer me” or (2) “you will answer my enemies.”
1363	38:16	gan3			will not gloat over me	0	Alternate translation: “will not delight over my trouble”
1364	38:16	bq5f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	If my foot slips	0	Here “my foot” represents the writer. The slipping of his foot is a metaphor that refers to the writer’s troubles and misfortunes. Alternate translation: “If I make mistakes that cause me trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1365	38:17	s48p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I am about to stumble	0	This metaphor could mean: (1) “I am so sick that I am about to die” or (2) “I will soon be ruined.” It may be best not to interpret the metaphor in the text. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1366	38:17	sbz5			I am in constant pain	0	Alternate translation: “I am always in pain”
1367	38:19	ie1w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	But my enemies are numerous & are many	0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1368	38:20	ca7b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They repay me evil for good	0	The actions of the writer’s enemies are spoken of as a financial transaction where they gave him evil things in exchange for good things. The abstract nouns “evil” and “good” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “They do evil thing to me after I was good to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1369	38:20	ai9q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	hurl accusations at me	0	The way the writer’s enemies accuse him is spoken of as if they were throwing accusations at him like rocks. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1370	38:20	bbb4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	pursued what is good	0	The writers desire for what is good is spoken of as if he were running after good things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1371	38:21	czy3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Do not abandon me & do not stay far away from me	0	These two phrases have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1372	38:21	nrs8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	do not stay far away from me	0	Because Yahweh has not yet answered the writer’s request, he speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were standing far away from the writer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1373	38:22	zv2x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Come quickly to help me	0	God is spoken of as if he is running to the writer to help him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1374	38:22	a3xa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	my salvation	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you are the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1375	39:intro	z1zc				0	# Psalm 039 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 39 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Life\n\nLife on earth is short. The psalmist wanted God’s healing so he can enjoy the rest of his life. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])\n\nThis psalm shares some characteristics of another wisdom book called Ecclesiastes or Koheleth but is more positive.
1376	39:1	lx3e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1377	39:1	rc8d			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship,”
1378	39:1	br39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jeduthun	0	One of David’s chief musicians had this same name. This may refer to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1379	39:1	dv6b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I will watch what I say	0	Here “watch” is an idiom that mean “pay attention to.” Alternate translation: “I will pay attention to the things that I say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1380	39:1	s4wx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	so that I do not sin with my tongue	0	Here “tongue” refers to the writer’s speech. Alternate translation: “so that I do not speak an offense against Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1381	39:1	e8kh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	muzzle	0	To “muzzle” means to keep a mouth shut. Here David means that he will not speak while he is with an evil person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1382	39:2	fa7x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	I kept silent; I kept back my words	0	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the writer did not speak at all. Alternate translation: “I was completely silent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1383	39:2	k9fs			I kept back my words	0	Alternate translation: “I did not speak”
1384	39:3	u5ie		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	My heart became hot & it burned like a fire	0	Here “heart” represents the whole person. The anxious thoughts of the writer are spoken of as if they were a fire burning inside him. Alternate translation: “I became very anxious when I thought about these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1385	39:4	vey1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	the end of my life & the extent of my days	0	These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1386	39:4	bac9			Show me how transient I am	0	Alternate translation: “Show me how brief my life is” or “Show me how soon I will die”
1387	39:5	in3w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	only the width of my hand	0	The writer speaks of his lifespan is if it could be measured by the width of his hand. Alternate translation: “only a very short time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1388	39:5	ej3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	my lifetime is like nothing before you	0	This simile states that the length of the writer’s life is so short that it does not exist. This is an exaggeration to stress how short it is. Alternate translation: “the length of my life is barely any time at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1389	39:5	l7in		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Surely every man is a single breath	0	Life is short, and the psalmist speaks of it here as if it were only as long as the time it takes for a person to breathe one breath. Alternate translation: “The time that humans live is as short as a single breath of a person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1390	39:6	wkn8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Surely every man walks about like a shadow	0	The lives of people are spoken of as if they are as insignificant as shadows. Alternate translation: “Everyone disappears like shadows do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1391	39:6	i78f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	although they do not know who will receive them	0	Here it is implied that they do not know what will happen to their wealth after they die. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1392	39:7	y9ll		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Now, Lord, for what am I waiting?	0	The writer asks this question to emphasize that people cannot help him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “So now, Yahweh, I can expect to receive nothing from anyone else.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1393	39:9	ll7d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	I am silent & cannot open my mouth	0	These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1394	39:9	whi2			because it is you who has done it	0	Alternate translation: “because my punishment comes from you”
1395	39:10	kf2h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Stop wounding me	0	God’s punishment of the writer is spoken of as if God was wounding him with a weapon. Alternate translation: “Please stop punishing me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1396	39:10	hd77			I am overwhelmed	0	Alternate translation: “I am defeated completely”
1397	39:10	n2ex		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the blow of your hand	0	God’s punishment of the writer is spoken of as if God was striking him with his fist. Here “hand” represents God’s judgment. Alternate translation: “your judgment on me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1398	39:11	skf5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	consume the things they desire like a moth	0	God will take away the things they value in the same way as a moth eats a piece of cloth. Alternate translation: “consume the things they desire like a moth eats away at clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1399	39:11	uzd7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	all people are nothing but vapor	0	The writer speaks of the frailty of people as if they were mist that disappears quickly. Alternate translation: “everyone is completely fragile” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1400	39:12	rx3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Hear my prayer & listen to me & listen to my weeping	0	These three phrases mean basically the same thing and show how strongly the writer wants God to respond to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1401	39:12	ae4r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Do not be deaf to me	0	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s lack of response to him as if Yahweh was deaf. Alternate translation: “Do not ignore me as if you could not hear me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1402	39:12	nnj1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	I am like a foreigner with you, a refugee	0	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s lack of response as if Yahweh considered him to be a total stranger to him. Alternate translation: “I am like a complete stranger to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1403	39:13	k2nr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Turn your gaze from me	0	Here “your gaze” represents Yahweh’s punishment. Alternate translation: “Please stop punishing me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1404	39:13	kfn1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	so that I may smile again	0	Here “smile” is associated with being happy. Alternate translation: “so that I can be happy again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1405	40:intro	ik39				0	# Psalm 040 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 40 is a psalm of praise. Many also see it as a messianic psalm, a psalm about Christ. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Sacrifices\n\nGod is not interested in sacrifices but wants people to obey him and fulfill his plans for them.
1406	40:1	k46g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1407	40:1	q9w4			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1408	40:1	yu4m			I waited patiently for Yahweh	0	This means the writer was waiting for Yahweh to help him.
1409	40:1	j6iw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	he listened to me & heard my cry	0	These mean the same thing, and can be combined into one statement. Alternate translation: “he listened to me when I called out to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1410	40:2	jcv4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	out of a horrible pit, out of the miry clay	0	These two metaphors mean the same thing. The writer’s danger is spoken of as if it was a deadly pit full of mud. This emphasizes the danger. Alternate translation: “from being trapped in a horrible pit full of sticky mud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1411	40:2	yav8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	he set my feet on a rock	0	Here “my feet” refers to the writer, and “a rock” refers a place of safety. Alternate translation: “he provided safety for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1412	40:3	kgu6			He has put a new song in my mouth	0	This could mean: (1) “He has taught me the words to a new song” or (2) “He has given me a new reason to sing.”
1413	40:3	bl9j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	in my mouth	0	Here “my mouth” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “in me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1414	40:3	n4gq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	praise to our God	0	The noun “praise” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “a song to praise our God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1415	40:3	z44r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Many will see it	0	Here “see it” refers to hearing the writer sing his song about what God has done for him. Alternate translation: “Many people will hear me tell what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1416	40:4	cal5			Blessed is the man who makes Yahweh his trust	0	Alternate translation: “Blessed is the man who trusts in Yahweh” or “Those who trust in Yahweh are blessed”
1417	40:4	z621		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the proud	0	This refers to the people who are proud. Alternate translation: “proud people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1418	40:4	f9yc			to lies	0	The Hebrew word is unclear. This could mean: (1) “lies” or (2) “false gods.”
1419	40:5	x7v4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	your thoughts which are about us cannot be numbered	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one can count all the things you think about us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1420	40:5	kzt9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	cannot be numbered & more than could be counted	0	These phrases mean essentially the same thing. The first is stated in negative form, and the second is stated in positive form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1421	40:6	z1vh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	You have no delight in sacrifice or offering	0	This is an exaggeration to express that other things are much more important to God. Alternate translation: “Sacrifices and other offerings are not the things that delight you most” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1422	40:6	xz9n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you have opened my ears	0	Here “ears” refers to the ability to hear. Alternate translation: “you have enabled me to hear your commands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1423	40:6	mi62		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	you have not required burnt offerings or sin offerings	0	This is an exaggeration to show that these things were not the most important to God. Alternate translation: “animals burned on the altar and other offerings for our sins are not what you require most” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1424	40:7	jn6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the scroll of the document	0	This refers to a scroll on which was written the word of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the written scroll” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1425	40:8	va1l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	your laws are in my heart	0	Here “my heart” refers to the inner being of the writer. Alternate translation: “I am always thinking about your laws within my inner being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1426	40:9	k2b6			I have proclaimed good news of your righteousness in the great assembly	0	Alternate translation: “I have told a large assembly of people the good news of your righteousness.”
1427	40:9	epq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	good news of your righteousness	0	This refers to the good news that God rescues his people. Alternate translation: “good news that because you are righteous, you rescue your people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1428	40:9	gk2t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my lips have not kept back from doing this	0	Here “my lips” represents the writer, emphasizing his speech. Alternate translation: “I have not stopped myself from proclaiming these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1429	40:10	vb9c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	I have not concealed your righteousness in my heart	0	“I have not kept your righteousness a secret.” This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I have openly told every one about your righteousness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1430	40:10	am3c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in my heart	0	Here this refers to the writer’s inner being. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1431	40:10	cn4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	I have not concealed your covenant faithfulness or your trustworthiness from the great assembly	0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I have told everyone in the great assembly about your covenant faithfulness or your trustworthiness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1432	40:10	bp5z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	your covenant faithfulness	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful.” Alternate translation: “how faithful you are to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1433	40:10	u78d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	your trustworthiness	0	This abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be stated as “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “how trustworthy you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1434	40:11	qc48		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	let your covenant faithfulness and your trustworthiness always preserve me	0	Here “covenant faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” are spoken of as if they were living people who could protect the writer. Alternate translation: “I want your covenant faithfulness and your trustworthiness to always preserve” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1435	40:12	c6b2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Troubles that cannot be numbered surround me	0	Here troubles are spoken of as if they were objects that surround and trap the speaker. Alternate translation: “there are more troubles around me than I can count” or “more troubles come to me than I can count” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1436	40:12	ra9w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	that cannot be numbered	0	This is stated in negative form to intensify the number.See how you translated this in [Psalms 40:5](../040/005.md). Alternate translation: “that are vast in number” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1437	40:12	ff9r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my iniquities	0	This refers to the consequences of his sin. Alternate translation: “the consequences of my iniquities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1438	40:12	qng1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	have caught up with me	0	The writer’s iniquities are spoken of as if they were his enemies who were harming him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1439	40:12	x56q			I am no longer able to see anything	0	Versions differ in how to understand this difficult passage. It may mean that the speaker is crying so much that he cannot see anything because of his tears.
1440	40:12	ixl8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my heart has failed me	0	Here “heart” refers to the writer’s inner confidence. Alternate translation: “I am very discouraged” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1441	40:14	hl37		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Let them be ashamed and completely disappointed who pursue my life to take it away	0	This can be reordered and stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let those who pursue my life to take it awy be ashamed and completely disappointed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1442	40:14	l9j5			Let them be ashamed and completely disappointed	0	Alternate translation: “Please make them ashamed and completely disappointed”
1443	40:14	ff5k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	who pursue my life to take it away	0	Here “pursue my life” means they desire to kill the writer. The writer is represented by his “life.” Alternate translation: “who are trying to kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1444	40:14	knx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Let them be turned back and brought to dishonor, those who delight in hurting me	0	This can be reordered and stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let those who delight in hurting me be turned back and brought to dishonor” or “Please have someone turn back those who delight in hurting me and bring them to dishonor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1445	40:14	k5tz			turned back	0	Alternate translation: “unable to continue”
1446	40:15	fqa6			Let them be shocked because of their shame, those who say to me, “Aha, aha!”	0	Alternate translation: “Let those who say to me, ‘Aha, aha!’ be shocked because of their shame”
1447	40:15	i1aw			Let them be shocked because of their shame	0	Alternate translation: “I hope that they will be shocked when you shame them”
1448	40:15	rbg9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	Aha, aha!	0	These words indicate that the speaker has seen the hearer doing evil that the hearer did not think anyone knew about. You can use here words in your language that mean the same thing but sound different. See how this is translated in [Psalms 35:21](../035/021.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
1449	40:16	az21		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	rejoice and be glad	0	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the intensity of joy. Alternate translation: “be very joyful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1450	40:16	yq7n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	loves your salvation	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “love you because you saved them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1451	40:17	v567		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	poor and needy	0	These words mean the same thing and emphasize how helpless the writer is. Alternate translation: “very needy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1452	40:17	ep4r			the Lord thinks about me	0	Alternate translation: “the Lord cares for me”
1453	40:17	a8vb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	You are my help & you come to my rescue	0	These phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1454	40:17	g2mh			You are my help	0	Alternate translation: “You are the one who helps me”
1455	40:17	zf6l			you come to my rescue	0	Alternate translation: “you come to save me”
1456	40:17	c1t7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	do not delay	0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “respond quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1457	41:intro	q9l9				0	# Psalm 041 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 41 is a psalm of deliverance. The author’s friends had become his enemies who wanted to see him die but he trusted God to rescue him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Enemies\n\nThe author’s best friend had become an enemy. His enemies were happy because they were sure his sickness would result in death.
1458	41:1	y6js		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1459	41:1	ay4z			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1460	41:1	bd73			he who is concerned for the weak & rescue him	0	The words “he” and “him” refer to anyone who is concerned for the weak.
1461	41:1	glk5			the weak	0	Alternate translation: “weak people” or “poor people”
1462	41:2	j2lj			he & him & his	0	These words refer to anyone who is concerned for the weak.
1463	41:3	lt8b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh will support him on the bed of suffering	0	The phrase “the bed of suffering” refers to when a person lies in bed because he is sick. Alternate translation: “When he is sick and in bed, Yahweh will support him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1464	41:3	ygd6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you will make his bed of sickness into a bed of healing	0	The phrase “a bed of healing” refers to when a person rests in bed and recovers from his sickness. Alternate translation: “you, Yahweh, will heal him of his sickness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1465	41:5	yg22		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	his name perish	0	If a person’s name dies, it means that people forget that he had ever lived. Alternate translation: “when will his name perish” or “when will people forget about him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1466	41:6	evn1			If my enemy comes to see me	0	The words “my enemy” refers to any enemy in general, and not to one specific enemy.
1467	41:6	m4zm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	he says worthless things	0	This could mean: (1) “he says meaningless things” or (2) his enemies say things to make him think that they are his friends when they are not. Alternate translation: “he says deceitful things” or “they pretend to be concerned about me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1468	41:6	c5vp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	his heart gathers up my disaster for itself	0	His enemies try to learn all of the bad things about him. Here the word “heart” refers the whole person. Bad circumstances are spoken of as if they were objects that can be gathered. Alternate translation: “he tries to learn about all of my disasters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1469	41:7	sq8r			against me they hope for my hurt	0	This could mean: (1) “they hope that very bad things will happen to me” or (2) “they are planning to hurt me.”
1470	41:8	l22y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	An evil disease & to him	0	His enemies speak of “disease” as if it were a person who has captured him. Alternate translation: “He is sick with a fatal disease” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1471	41:8	hfg4			An evil disease	0	This could mean: (1) “A fatal disease” or (2) “Something evil”
1472	41:8	cay3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	now that he is lying down, he will rise up no more	0	Here the words “lying down” refer to lying in bed because of illness. That he will not “rise up” means that he will continue to lie down, which is a euphemism for death. Alternate translation: “now that he is sick in bed, he will die there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1473	41:9	jzy3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	has lifted up his heel against me	0	This is an idiom that means his friend betrayed him. Alternate translation: “has betrayed me” or “has turned against me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1474	41:10	r3b3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative	But you, Yahweh, have mercy on me and raise me up	0	This is a request. Alternate translation: “Please, Yahweh, have mercy on me and raise me up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
1475	41:10	cz3d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	raise me up	0	This means to raise him up from his bed, or to make him recover from his disease. Alternate translation: “make me well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1476	41:10	h6l4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	so that I may pay them back	0	The writer speaks of revenge on his enemies as if it were paying to them what he owes. Alternate translation: “so that I may take revenge on them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1477	41:11	m2j9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events	By this I know that you delight in me, for my enemy does not triumph over me	0	The word “this” refers to what the writer will say next. For clarity, the clauses may be reversed. Alternate translation: “Because my enemy does not triumph over me, I know that you delight in me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
1478	41:11	h7zl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	By this I know that you delight in me, for my enemy does not triumph over me	0	This can also be translated in future tense, since Yahweh has not yet healed him. Alternate translation: “If you enable me to do that, with the result that my enemies do not defeat me, I will know that you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1479	41:12	dfw3			you support me in my integrity	0	Alternate translation: “you support me because of my integrity”
1480	41:12	jj35		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will keep me before your face	0	The writer speaks of being in Yahweh’s presence as being in a place where Yahweh can see him and he can see Yahweh’s face. Alternate translation: “will keep me with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1481	41:13	s4va			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThis verse is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 1 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 1 and ends with Psalm 41.
1482	41:13	xi7f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	from everlasting to everlasting	0	This refers to two extremes and means for all time. Alternate translation: “for all eternity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1483	41:13	d4ws		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Amen and Amen	0	The word “Amen” is repeated to emphasize approval of what has been said. Alternate translation: “May it certainly be so” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1484	42:intro	mu68				0	# Psalm 042 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 42 is a psalm of praise for all that God has done and a prayer for deliverance from the psalmist’s enemies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s deliverance\n\nThe psalmist praises God as he remembers what God has done for him in the past, and he puts his trust in him. He needs rescuing from his enemies. Scholars believe that this psalm is about a man in exile longing for Jerusalem.\n\n### Psalm 42 and Psalm 43\n\nSome scholars believe that these two psalms were originally written together as one psalm.\n\n### Superscription\n\nThis psalm is called “a Maschil of the sons of Korah.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
1485	42:1	t39i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1486	42:1	rt7c			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1487	42:1	c3mx			A maschil	0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md).
1488	42:1	h2nj			As the deer pants after streams of water, so I thirst for you, God	0	The author compares his desire for God to the desire of a thirsty deer for water.
1489	42:1	mi8s			pants	0	heavy breathing from an animal or person that is very tired or thirsty
1490	42:1	flj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I thirst for you, God	0	The author speaks of his strong desire for God as if it were a strong thirst for water. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1491	42:2	xe9q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I thirst for God	0	The author speaks of his strong desire for God as if it were a strong thirst for water. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1492	42:2	bsl8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	when will I come and appear before God?	0	The author does not ask this question to get an answer but to show his strong desire to be before God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1493	42:3	mfk4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	My tears have been my food	0	The author refers to his tears as if they are food that he eats. This means that he is so sad that he cannot eat. Alternate translation: “My tears are like my food and I eat nothing else” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1494	42:3	nw17		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	day and night	0	This phrase refers to the entire day by referring to both its beginning and end. Alternate translation: “all day long” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1495	42:3	hy3m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	my enemies are always saying to me	0	This is an exaggeration. His enemies are not saying this constantly; they are saying it often. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1496	42:3	sa8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Where is your God?	0	The author’s enemies use this question to mock him and to express that they do not see his God helping him. Alternate translation: “Your God is not here to help you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1497	42:4	d12n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	call to mind	0	This is an idiom that means to remember or think about something. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1498	42:4	k59b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I pour out my soul	0	Here the word “soul” refers to the emotions. The author speaks of his soul as if it is a liquid that he pours out. The phrase means that he is expressing his emotional grief. Alternate translation: “I express my sorrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1499	42:4	c6f8			the throng	0	Alternate translation: “the crowd of people”
1500	42:4	gv3q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	joy and praise	0	This phrase uses two different words to express one idea. Alternate translation: “joyful praise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
1501	42:5	xs1j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you upset within me?	0	The author refers to his inner self as his “soul,” which represents himself. He asks these questions to rebuke himself. Alternate translation: “I should not be bowed down. I should not be worried” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1502	42:5	cc84		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	bowed down	0	The writer speaks of depression or discouragement as if it were his soul being bent over. Alternate translation: “discouraged” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1503	42:5	fyf2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	Hope in God	0	The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
1504	42:6	lp5z			My God, my soul	0	The writer begins to speak to God about his soul.
1505	42:6	s443		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I call you to mind	0	This phrase means to remember or to think about something. Alternate translation: “I think of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1506	42:6	u6xn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the land of the Jordan	0	This is probably a reference to northern Israel, where the Jordan river originates. Alternate translation: “the land where the Jordan river begins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1507	42:6	ka3s			peaks	0	mountain tops
1508	42:6	xh39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	hill of Mizar	0	This is the name of a hill at the base of Mount Hermon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1509	42:7	c6aq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Deep calls to deep at the noise of your waterfalls	0	The word “deep” refers to deep waters, which here are likely the streams rushing down Mount Hermon. The writer speaks of them as if they are people calling out to one another as they hear the sound of their own descent from the mountain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1510	42:7	exq2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	all your waves & have gone over me	0	The author speaks of his great misfortune and sadness as if they are deep waters that drown him with one wave after another. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1511	42:7	d5k7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	your waves and your billows	0	The word “billows” is another word for “waves.” Together the two words emphasize the greatness of the waves. Alternate translation: “all of your great waves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1512	42:8	ef4n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh will command his covenant faithfulness in the daytime	0	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness as if it were a person whom he commands to be with him. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will show me his covenant faithfulness in the daytime” or “Yahweh will show me in the daytime how faithful he is to his covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1513	42:8	jsc8			his song	0	This could mean: (1) “the song that he gives me” or (2) “the song about him”
1514	42:8	xm7t			the God of my life	0	Alternate translation: “the God who gives me life”
1515	42:9	si6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will say to God, my rock	0	The writer speaks of God as if he were a huge rock that would provide protection from enemy attack. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1516	42:9	b1ik			Why do I go mourning	0	To “go mourning” is to perform customs related to being very sad.
1517	42:10	bp1m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	As with a sword in my bones	0	The writer describes his adversaries’ rebukes as his receiving a fatal wound. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1518	42:10	r4wg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	they always say to me	0	This is an exaggeration; his enemies are not saying this constantly but are saying it often. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1519	42:10	ae82		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Where is your God?	0	The writer’s enemies use this question to mock him and to express that they do not see God helping him. Alternate translation: “Your God is not here to help you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1520	42:11	evd8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you upset within me?	0	The author refers to his inner self as his “soul,” which represents himself. He asks these questions to rebuke himself. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). Alternate translation: “I should not be bowed down, I should not be worried” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1521	42:11	wp6h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	bowed down	0	The writer speaks of depression or discouragement as if it were his soul being bent over. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). Alternate translation: “discouraged” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1522	42:11	ghd7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	Hope in God	0	The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
1523	43:intro	x44y				0	# Psalm 043 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 43 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a plea for rescue from the psalmist’s enemies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Encouragement\n\nThe author should not be discouraged because he trusts in God to deliver him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])\n\n### Psalm 42 and Psalm 43\n\nSome scholars believe that these two psalms were originally written together as one psalm.
1524	43:1	il4d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1525	43:2	quk8			the God of my strength	0	This could mean: (1) “the God who protects me” or (2) “the God who gives me strength.”
1526	43:2	a96e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why have you rejected me? Why do I go about in mourning because of the oppression of the enemy?	0	The writer asks these questions in order to complain to God and express his emotions, not to receive an answer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1527	43:2	cpw2			Why do I go about in mourning	0	To “go about in mourning” is to perform customs related to being very sad.
1528	43:2	d84h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	because of the oppression of the enemy	0	The word “oppression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “because my enemy oppresses me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1529	43:3	e7jd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	send out your light and your truth	0	The writer speaks of God’s deliverance as if it were a light that shows him the way and truth that teaches him how to live. Alternate translation: “guide me with your light and truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1530	43:3	uhy4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	holy hill	0	This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where the temple is located and thus to the temple itself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1531	43:3	rr6l			to your dwelling	0	Alternate translation: “to the place where you live”
1532	43:4	r8lp			God my exceeding joy	0	Alternate translation: “God who is my very great joy” or “God who gives me very great joy”
1533	43:5	qb88		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you upset within me?	0	The author refers to his inner self as his “soul,” which represents himself. He asks these questions to rebuke himself. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). Alternate translation: “I should not be bowed down. I should not be worried” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1534	43:5	wn18		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	bowed down	0	The writer speaks of depression or discouragement as if it were his soul being bent over. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). Alternate translation: “discouraged” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1535	43:5	z1zd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	Hope in God	0	The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
1536	43:5	dgl5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	my salvation and my God	0	The phrase “my salvation” refers to God. If necessary the two phrases can be combined. Alternate translation: “my God who saves me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1537	44:intro	cu7e				0	# Psalm 044 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 44 is a deliverance psalm. It is a prayer for God’s help against enemies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Enemies\n\nWhen Israel entered the Promised Land, God fought for them and drove out their enemies. Since their enemies have now defeated them, they are in need of God’s help. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])\n\n### Superscription\n\nThis psalm is called “a Maschil.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
1538	44:1	gi44		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1539	44:1	n2t8			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1540	44:1	vwd3			A psalm of the sons of Korah	0	Alternate translation: “This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote.”
1541	44:1	d1rs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	We have heard with our ears, God	0	The word “ears” adds emphasis to the statement that they have heard and understood the things that the writer is about to describe. The writer addresses this statement to God. Alternate translation: “God, we have heard clearly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1542	44:1	ifj6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	in their days, in the days of old	0	Both of these phrases use the word “days” to refer to the time period when the ancestors of the people of Israel were alive. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1543	44:2	rd1l			You drove out the nations	0	Alternate translation: “You forced the people from other nations to leave”
1544	44:2	w5ar		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	with your hand	0	Here the word “hand” refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “by your power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1545	44:2	sst2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you planted our people	0	The writer speaks of God’s causing the Israelites to live in the land as if he were planting them in the soil like he would a tree. Alternate translation: “you caused our people to live there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1546	44:3	f15t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	by their own sword	0	The word “sword” refers to military power. Alternate translation: “by fighting with their own swords” or “by their own army’s strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1547	44:3	ixc7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	their own arm	0	Here the word “arm” refers to power. Alternate translation: “their own power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1548	44:3	cr9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	the light of your face	0	You may supply a verb for this phrase. Alternate translation: “the light of your face obtained the land for their possession” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1549	44:3	ekr9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	your right hand, your arm	0	Here the words “hand” and “arm” both refer to God’s power. Combined, they emphasize the greatness of God’s power. Alternate translation: “your great power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1550	44:3	a1dc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the light of your face	0	The writer speaks of Yahweh looking with favor upon them and being kind to them as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on them. Alternate translation: “your kindness” or “your good favor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1551	44:4	md4f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	victory for Jacob	0	The people of Israel are referred to by the name of their ancestor “Jacob.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1552	44:5	cn87			Through you & through your	0	Alternate translation: “By you … by your”
1553	44:5	l9n9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	push down & tread them under & rise up	0	The writer speaks of his enemies’ defeat as if they are “down” and of their preparing to fight as if they are “up.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1554	44:5	u2c5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	through your name	0	Here the word “name” refers to God’s power and authority. Alternate translation: “by your power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1555	44:5	ze87			tread them under	0	Alternate translation: “tread them under our feet” or “walk on top of them”
1556	44:8	ql57		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	we have made our boast	0	The word “boast” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “we have boasted” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1557	44:8	qb7z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	we will give thanks to your name	0	Here the word “name” refers to God, himself. Alternate translation: “we will give thanks to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1558	44:9	tw86		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	thrown us off	0	The writer speaks of God’s rejection of Israel as if he were discarding an unwanted piece of clothing. Alternate translation: “rejected us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1559	44:10	bc8x			spoil	0	resources and treasures that an army collects after winning a battle
1560	44:11	cmt5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	You have made us like sheep to be slaughtered	0	The writer compares the Israelites to sheep that people kill and eat. As sheep are helpless before those who kill them, so the Israelites are helpless before their enemies. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You have allowed our enemies to kill us like they would kill a sheep and eat it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1561	44:11	k8qj			scattered us among the nations	0	Alternate translation: “caused us to live in many different nations”
1562	44:12	zm14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	sell your people for nothing	0	The writer speaks of Yahweh allowing Israel’s enemies to conquer them as if he were selling the people of Israel to their enemies but does not require any payment from their enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1563	44:13	j3ej		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	You make us a rebuke to our neighbors, scoffed and mocked by those around us	0	These two phrases are parallel emphasizing how the people among whom they live mock them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1564	44:13	ys4c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	You make us a rebuke to our neighbors	0	The word “rebuke” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “You make us something that our neighbors rebuke” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1565	44:13	z6rm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	scoffed and mocked by those around us	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those around us scoff at us and mock us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1566	44:14	d6zg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	an insult among & a shaking of the head	0	These phrases are parallel emphasizing how intensely the nations around them mock them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1567	44:14	cf7w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	You make us an insult among the nations	0	The word “insult” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “You make the nations around us insult us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1568	44:14	l1b9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	a shaking of the head among the peoples	0	The phrase “a shaking of the head” can be translated in verbal form. Alternate translation: “something at which the peoples shake their heads” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1569	44:14	d7ze			a shaking of the head	0	This was a gesture that people used to show scorn to others.
1570	44:15	lk1b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my dishonor is before me	0	The writer speaks of his dishonor as if it were an object that is always in front of him for him to see. The phrase means that he is always thinking about his dishonor. Alternate translation: “I think about my dishonor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1571	44:15	l48m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the shame of my face has covered me	0	The writer speaks of his shame as if it is an object that covers him like a blanket would cover him. Alternate translation: “the shame of my face has overwhelmed me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1572	44:15	w1hq			the shame of my face	0	“the shame that shows on my face.” This refers to his facial expressions that his shame causes.
1573	44:16	p8lw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	because of the voice of him who rebukes and insults	0	Here the words “the voice” represents the person insulting him. Alternate translation: “because of what the person says who rebukes and insults me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1574	44:16	s49c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	rebukes and insults	0	These words have similar meanings and emphasize the harsh nature of what this person says. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1575	44:18	qi6w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Our heart has not turned back & have not gone from your way	0	These two phrases are parallel. The writer speaks of loyalty to God as if it were following him, and disloyalty as if it were turning away from him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1576	44:18	mf97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Our heart has not turned back	0	Here the word “heart” refers to the emotions, and specifically to loyalty and devotion. Alternate translation: “We have not stopped being loyal to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1577	44:19	d4u4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you have severely broken us	0	The writer speaks of God’s punishment as if it were breaking a fragile object. Alternate translation: “you have punished us severely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1578	44:19	dfs9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	in the place of jackals	0	The writer speaks of Israel after God’s punishment as if it were a wild, uninhabitable place. Alternate translation: “and made our land like a place where jackals live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1579	44:19	c511			jackals	0	a type of wild dog
1580	44:19	v695		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	covered us with the shadow of death	0	The writer speaks of death as if it is an object that casts a shadow over those who are about to die. Alternate translation: “made us so that we are about to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1581	44:20	k5hu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	If we have forgotten the name of our God	0	Here the word “name” refers to God, himself. To forget God is to stop worshiping him. This is something that did not happen. Alternate translation: “If we had forgotten our God” or “If we had stopped worshiping our God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1582	44:20	g9jv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	spread out our hands to a strange god	0	Spreading out the hands is a gesture that people used to worship and pray to a god. Alternate translation: “worshiped a strange god” or “prayed to a strange god” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1583	44:21	rv5k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	would not God search this out?	0	The writer uses this question to express that God would know if they worshiped another god. Alternate translation: “God would certainly find out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1584	44:21	ih8n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he knows the secrets of the heart	0	Here the word “heart” refers to the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “he knows what a person secretly thinks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1585	44:22	mxt3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	we are being killed all day long	0	The phrase “all day long” is an exaggeration to emphasize that their people are being killed frequently. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we are always in danger of people killing us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1586	44:22	exg2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	we are considered to be sheep for the slaughter	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people consider us to be sheep for the slaughter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1587	44:22	vl87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	sheep for the slaughter	0	The writer compares the Israelites to sheep that people kill and eat. As sheep are helpless before those who kill them, so the Israelites are helpless before their enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1588	44:23	b9h3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Awake, why do you sleep, Lord?	0	This does not mean that God is actually asleep. The writer speaks of God’s seeming inactivity as if God is sleeping. He asks the question to rebuke God for appearing not to be concerned about their troubles. Alternate translation: “Wake up! I feel like you are sleeping, Lord!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1589	44:23	z7sm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	do not throw us off	0	The writer speaks of God’s rejection of Israel as if he were discarding an unwanted piece of clothing. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 44:9](../044/009.md). Alternate translation: “do not reject us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1590	44:24	h91h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why do you hide your face & our oppression?	0	The writer uses this question to complain that God appears to be ignoring them. Alternate translation: “Do not hide your face … our oppression.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1591	44:24	hj18		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	hide your face	0	The writer speaks of God ignoring them as if God were hiding his face so that he could not see them. Alternate translation: “ignore us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1592	44:24	jb65		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	forget our affliction and our oppression	0	The words “affliction” and “oppression” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the severity of their affliction. These words may also be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “forget that people afflict us and oppress us” or “forget that people greatly afflict us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1593	44:25	rzd7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	For we have sunk down into the dust; our bodies cling to the earth	0	These parallel phrases share similar meanings. The writer describes his people as lying on the ground in a posture of defeat and humiliation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1594	44:25	f1gv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	For we have sunk down into the dust	0	The writer speaks of their humiliation as if their bodies were objects, such as ice, that melt and soak into the dirt. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1595	44:25	q4te		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	our bodies cling to the earth	0	The writer speaks of their humiliation as if their bodies were stuck to the ground and they could not raise themselves up. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1596	44:26	gbh3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Rise up	0	This is a command to stand. This phrase refers to beginning to act on something. Alternate translation: “Take action” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1597	44:26	uu4n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	for the sake of your covenant faithfulness	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “to show that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1598	45:intro	hk23				0	# Psalm 045 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 45 is a royal psalm written for the king’s wedding day.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Beauty\n\nThe king has a beautiful palace, and his bride is also beautiful.\n\n### Superscription\n\nThis psalm is called “a Maschil.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
1599	45:1	v3sl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1600	45:1	p8j6			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
1601	45:1	f1a1			set to Shoshannim	0	This may refer to a style or the tune of the music. Sometimes it is translated as “set to the tune of ‘Lilies.’”
1602	45:1	ty3v			A psalm of the sons of Korah	0	Alternate translation: “This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote.”
1603	45:1	tug8			A maschil	0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md).
1604	45:1	c73i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	My heart overflows on a good subject	0	The writer speaks of his heart as if it were a container that overflows with liquid. The word “heart” represents his emotions, which are excited by the song that he sings. Alternate translation: “My emotions are excited about a good subject” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1605	45:1	puh2			a good subject	0	“a noble theme” or “a beautiful word.” This refers to the song that he has written.
1606	45:1	w2cc			composed	0	to have written or created a song
1607	45:1	chy8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my tongue is the pen of a ready writer	0	The writer speaks of his tongue as if it were a pen. He speaks words as skillfully as an experienced writer writes words. Alternate translation: “my tongue is like the pen of person who writes well” or “I speak words as skillfully as an experienced writer can write words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1608	45:2	x1mq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	You are fairer than the children of mankind	0	This phrase is an exaggeration that emphasizes that the king is better looking than anyone else. The phrase “children of mankind” is an idiom and refers to all humans. Alternate translation: “You are more handsome than any other man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1609	45:2	an93		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	grace is poured onto your lips	0	The writer speaks of grace as if it were oil that someone has used to anoint the king’s lips. The word “lips” refers to the king’s speech. The phrase means that the king speaks eloquently. Alternate translation: “it is as if someone has anointed your lips with oil” or “you speak eloquently” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1610	45:3	y2u2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Put your sword on your side	0	Warriors carried their swords in a sheath that hung from a belt around their waist. The sword would rest against their side. This phrase describes an action of someone preparing for battle. Alternate translation: “Prepare yourself for battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1611	45:4	cyr3			ride on triumphantly	0	The writer tells the king to ride his horse or chariot to victory.
1612	45:4	s46i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	because of trustworthiness, meekness, and righteousness	0	The abstract nouns “trustworthiness,” “meekness,” and “righteousness” can be stated as adjectives. This could mean: (1) these are qualities of the mighty one. Alternate translation: “because you are trustworthy, meek, and righteous” or (2) these are virtues that he fights to uphold for the people whom he rules. Alternate translation: “in order to fight for what is trustworthy, meek, and right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1613	45:4	td7g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	your right hand will teach you fearful things	0	Most soldiers held their swords with their right hands when they fought. Here, the phrase “right hand” refers to his ability to fight, which the writer speaks of as if it were a person who can teach the king through the experience he gains in battle. Alternate translation: “You will learn to accomplish great military feats by fighting in many battles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1614	45:4	ij55			fearful things	0	“awesome deeds.” This refers to military victories that cause his enemies to fear him and his allies to revere him.
1615	45:5	k74n			the peoples fall under you	0	This phrase refers to the king defeating his enemies. This could mean: (1) “the peoples fall at your feet in surrender” or (2) “the peoples fall dead at your feet.”
1616	45:5	zn7a			your arrows are in the hearts of the king’s enemies	0	“your arrows have pierced the hearts of your enemies.” The writer speaks to the king while referring to the king in the third person.
1617	45:6	d479		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Your throne & is forever and ever	0	The word “throne” represents the kingdom and rule of the king. Alternate translation: “Your kingdom … is forever and ever” or “You will reign … forever and ever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1618	45:6	mh74			Your throne, God	0	Possible meanings are that the word **God**: (1) is a title for the king, who is God’s representative or (2) modifies the word “throne” and means “Your kingdom that God has given you.”
1619	45:6	h2tn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a scepter of justice is the scepter of your kingdom	0	The word “scepter” represents the king’s authority to rule his kingdom. Alternate translation: “you rule your kingdom with justice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1620	45:7	w1rj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God, your God, has anointed you with the oil of gladness	0	The writer speaks of gladness as if it were an oil that God used to anoint the king. That God has anointed him is a symbolic action that represents God’s choosing him to be king. Alternate translation: “when God appointed you as king, he made you very glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1621	45:8	s741			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nHere the writer begins to describe what appears to be the wedding ceremony of the king and his bride.
1622	45:8	ggv6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	myrrh, aloes, and cassia	0	These are aromatic plant substances that people used to make perfumes. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1623	45:8	mam8			ivory palaces	0	Ivory is a hard white substance that forms animal’s tusks. This phrase describes a palace with walls and furniture that people have decorated with ivory.
1624	45:8	ldy1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	stringed instruments have made you glad	0	The words “stringed instruments” refers to the music that people make by playing the stringed instruments. Alternate translation: “the music of stringed instruments has made you glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1625	45:9	at3w			honorable women	0	These women are wives of the king who receive his approval.
1626	45:9	bvd2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the queen	0	This is a reference to the woman who will become queen. Alternate translation: “your bride, the queen” or “your bride, who will be the queen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1627	45:9	w8kb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ophir	0	This is the name of a place that had a reputation for its fine gold. The location is unknown. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1628	45:10	d768			Listen, daughter	0	The writer begins to speak to the queen and refers to her as “daughter” because she is a young woman.
1629	45:10	z8va		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	incline your ear	0	The writer speaks of listening carefully to something as if it were bending one’s ear towards the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “listen carefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1630	45:10	u572		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	forget your own people	0	The writer speaks of the queen no longer following the beliefs and customs of her native people as if it were forgetting them. Alternate translation: “no longer follow the customs of your people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1631	45:10	zi39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	your father’s house	0	Here the word “house” refers to family. Alternate translation: “your relatives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1632	45:11	vj28			In this way	0	Alternate translation: “and” or “so”
1633	45:11	tyk3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	the king will desire your beauty	0	This is a polite way to say that the king will want to sleep with the queen as his wife. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1634	45:12	b5qz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The daughter of Tyre	0	The writer speaks of the people who live in Tyre as if they are Tyre’s children. Alternate translation: “The people of Tyre” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1635	45:13	z961		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The royal daughter	0	This is a reference to the woman whom the king will marry. Alternate translation: “The king’s bride” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1636	45:13	fc31			all glorious	0	“very beautiful.” This refers to the woman’s appearance.
1637	45:13	aze7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	her clothing is worked with gold	0	Her clothing is decorated or embroidered with gold. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “she wears clothing that someone has embroidered with golden thread” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1638	45:14	v2p3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	She will be led to the king in embroidered dress	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will lead her to the king as she wears an embroidered dress” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1639	45:14	mrv3			embroidered	0	a design made by sewing colored threads into cloth
1640	45:14	ji2m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the virgins, her companions who follow her, will be brought to you	0	Here the word “you” refers to the king. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will bring to you the virgins, her companions who follow her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1641	45:15	j9m5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	They will be led by gladness and rejoicing	0	This phrase describes “gladness and rejoicing” as a person who leads others to celebrate. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Gladness and rejoicing will lead them” or “They will proceed with gladness and rejoicing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1642	45:15	jxe5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	gladness and rejoicing	0	These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of gladness. Alternate translation: “great gladness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1643	45:16	x1cw			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nThe writer continues to address the king.
1644	45:16	jy9e			In the place of your fathers will be your children	0	This means that the king’s sons will replace him as king, just as he replaced his ancestors as king.
1645	45:16	wu3k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	you will make princes in all the earth	0	The phrase “in all the earth” is an exaggeration to emphasize that they will rule over many nations. Alternate translation: “you will make rulers over many nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1646	45:17	n62l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will make your name to be remembered in all generations	0	Here the word “I” refers to the writer. The word “name” refers to the king’s character and reputation. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will cause people in every generation to know about your greatness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1647	46:intro	w4ye				0	# Psalm 046 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 46 is a psalm of praise to God.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\nGod is all-powerful, controls nature, and protects his people. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])
1648	46:1	pye4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1649	46:1	b2mp			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1650	46:1	t2j8			A psalm of the sons of Korah	0	Alternate translation: “This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote”
1651	46:1	q7sv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	set to Alamoth	0	This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1652	46:1	sf97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God is our refuge and strength	0	The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. Alternate translation: “God gives us safety and strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1653	46:2	d2ga		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the mountains should be shaken into the heart of the seas	0	The writer speaks of the deepest part of the sea as if it were the sea’s heart. Here he describes an earthquake that causes the mountains to crumble and fall into the sea. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the mountains should shake so violently that they fall into the depths of the sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1654	46:3	nvd8			though its waters roar and rage	0	“though the waters of the sea roar and rage.” The words “roar” and “rage” describe the violent movements of the sea during a strong storm.
1655	46:3	v7sn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	mountains tremble with their swelling	0	The phrase “their swelling” refers to the waters of the sea as they rise and crash against the mountains. Alternate translation: “the swelling waters cause the mountains to tremble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1656	46:4	x5va		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage	There is a river whose streams make the city of God happy	0	The imagery of a running river symbolizes peace and prosperity for the city of God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1657	46:4	n4fc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	make the city of God happy	0	The phrase “the city of God” refers to Jerusalem, and represents the people who live in that city. Alternate translation: “make the people who live in Jerusalem happy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1658	46:4	ft9r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the holy place where the Most High dwells	0	This phrase describes “the city of God.” Alternate translation: “the holy place where the Most High lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1659	46:5	v4ku			in the middle of her; she will not be moved & help her	0	The words “her” and “she” refer to “the city of God.”
1660	46:5	kf8d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	she will not be moved	0	Here, the word “moved” is the same word translated as “shaken” in [Psalms v. 2](./001.md). The writer speaks of the destruction of Jerusalem by armies as if an earthquake were to destroy it. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “nothing will be able destroy her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1661	46:6	ese7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The nations raged	0	Here, the word “raged” is the same word that the writer used in [Psalms v. 3](./001.md) to describe the waters of the sea. The writer speaks of the fear of the nations as if it was the violent movements of the sea during a strong storm. Alternate translation: “The nations are terrified” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1662	46:6	m4wd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the kingdoms were shaken	0	Here, the word “shaken” is the same word that the writer used in [Psalms v. 2](./001.md) to describe the effect of an earthquake on the mountains. The writer speaks of the overthrow of kingdoms by armies as if an earthquake were to destroy them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “armies overthrew the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1663	46:6	hp6t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he lifted up his voice	0	“God lifted up his voice.” The writer speaks of the “voice” as an object that a person can pick up and raise into the air. This means that the voice becomes louder. Alternate translation: “God shouted” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1664	46:6	p2kl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the earth melted	0	The writer speaks of the earth as an object, such as ice, that can melt. Here “the earth” represents mankind, and to melt represents fear. Alternate translation: “the people of the earth tremble with fear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1665	46:7	lc6w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the God of Jacob is our refuge	0	The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. Alternate translation: “the God of Jacob gives us safety” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1666	46:7	nkp6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the God of Jacob	0	This could mean: (1) “the God whom Jacob worshiped” or (2) “Jacob” is a metonym for the nation of Israel and means “the God of Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1667	46:9	lwa3			He makes wars cease	0	Alternate translation: “He makes nations stop fighting wars”
1668	46:9	b5gh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to the ends of the earth	0	This is an idiom that refers to everywhere in the word. Alternate translation: “everywhere in the world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1669	46:9	v24c			he breaks the bow & burns up the shields	0	One way in which Yahweh will make all wars to cease is by destroying the weapons that the armies use to fight one another.
1670	46:9	gst2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	shields	0	Some versions understand this Hebrew word as “chariots.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
1671	46:10	y22y			Be quiet and know that I am God	0	Here, God begins to speak.
1672	46:10	ua4x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Be quiet	0	In this context, these words are likely a command to the nations to stop their wars. Alternate translation: “Stop fighting” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1673	46:10	u2j9			know that I am God	0	Here the word “know” means to understand and to confess that Yahweh is the true God.
1674	46:10	ssq3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	I will be exalted among the nations; I will be exalted on the earth	0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people of every nation in the world will exalt God. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People from every nation will exalt me; people all over the earth will exalt me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1675	46:11	gl4e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our refuge	0	The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. See how you translated these lines in [Psalms 46:7](../046/007.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1676	47:intro	j9a7				0	# Psalm 047 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 47 is a psalm of praise to God.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s power\n\nGod is powerful over all the nations in the world.
1677	47:1	l66j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1678	47:1	xf2n			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
1679	47:1	uqb5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Clap your hands	0	Clapping your hands is associated with celebration. Alternate translation: “Clap your hands in celebration” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1680	47:1	n5aa			shout to God with the sound of triumph	0	“shout to God with joyful voices.” Here the word “triumph” refers to the joy associated with victory.
1681	47:3	bqu5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	He subdues peoples under us and nations under our feet	0	These two phrases are parallel and mean that God enabled Israel to conquer their enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1682	47:3	j5mi			subdues	0	to conquer and place under the authority of another
1683	47:3	sa4s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	under us & under our feet	0	The writer speaks of conquering other nations as if it were putting those nations underneath their feet. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1684	47:4	p3vm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He chooses our inheritance for us	0	The writer speaks of the land of Israel as if it were an inheritance that God has given the people as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “He chooses this land as an inheritance for us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1685	47:4	e7vk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the glory of Jacob	0	Here the word “glory” refers to a source of pride and represents the land that God has given to his people as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land in which Jacob takes pride” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1686	47:4	qvz6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Jacob whom he loved	0	The word “Jacob” refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1687	47:5	y2zq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God has gone up with a shout	0	The writer speaks of God’s conquering the nations as if God were a king ascending his throne, which was located in the temple. Alternate translation: “God has gone up into the temple as people shouted” or “God has ascended to his throne as people shouted” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1688	47:5	z2zz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Yahweh with the sound of a trumpet	0	This phrase parallels the previous phrase. The verb may be supplied for clarity. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has gone up as people blew trumpets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1689	47:6	wn5w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Sing praises to God, sing praises; sing praises to our King, sing praises	0	The phrase “sing praises” is repeated for emphasis. You may omit the repetition if it is awkward in your language. Alternate translation: “Sing, sing praises to God; sing, sing praises to our King” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1690	47:9	vxi7			The princes of the peoples	0	Alternate translation: “The rulers of all the nations”
1691	47:9	kg5b			gathered together to the people	0	Possible meanings are that the rulers of the nations: (1) “gather in front of the people” or (2) “gathered together with the people” so that all may worship God as king.
1692	47:9	eew2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the shields of the earth belong to God	0	Possible meanings are that **shields**: (1) refers to instruments of war. Alternate translation: “God has more power than the weapons of all the kings on the earth” or (2) refers to the rulers of the nations who are spoken of as shields who protect their nations. Alternate translation: “the kings of the earth are subject to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1693	48:intro	wfx3				0	# Psalm 048 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 48 is a psalm of praise for Jerusalem.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Jerusalem\n\nJerusalem has mighty defenses. Foreign nations will be amazed. It is something to remember and testify about. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])\n\nIt is helpful to know that “Mount Zion” is often used to refer to the city of Jerusalem.
1694	48:1	s5c1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThis psalm is a song about Jerusalem being God’s dwelling place. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1695	48:1	az4y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	greatly to be praised	0	This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “people are to praise him greatly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1696	48:1	az2x			the city of our God on his holy mountain	0	This is a reference to Jerusalem, which was built on Mount Zion.
1697	48:1	dj9j			the city of our God	0	This could mean: (1) “the city where our God lives” or (2) “the city that belongs to our God”
1698	48:2	nl3f			Beautiful in elevation	0	“Beautiful and high.” The word “elevation” refers to how high mount Zion is.
1699	48:2	y3e3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the joy of the whole earth, is Mount Zion	0	Here the word “earth” refers to everyone living on the earth. The word “joy” may be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Mount Zion gives joy to everyone on earth” or “everyone on earth rejoices because of Mount Zion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1700	48:2	r8gx			on the sides of the north	0	Possible meanings are that this phrase: (1) refers to the direction of the north or (2) is another name for Mount Zion meaning “the mountain of God.”
1701	48:3	qb5z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God has made himself known in her palaces as a refuge	0	The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. Alternate translation: “God has made himself known as one who gives safety to the people in Mount Zion’s palaces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1702	48:4	lw4p			see	0	The word “see” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
1703	48:4	fnx9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	assembled themselves	0	Here the kings represent their armies. Alternate translation: “assembled their armies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1704	48:4	yk23			they passed by together	0	Alternate translation: “together they passed by Jerusalem”
1705	48:5	q1px			They saw it	0	Alternate translation: “They saw Jerusalem”
1706	48:5	k5fi			dismayed	0	greatly troubled
1707	48:6	xy4p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Trembling took hold of them there	0	The writer speaks of the kings’ fear as if it were a person who caused the kings and their armies to tremble. Alternate translation: “There they trembled with fear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1708	48:6	ees5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	pain as when a woman is in labor	0	The writer speaks of the kings’ fear as if it were the pain that a woman experiences in childbirth and speaks of that pain as if it were a person. The verb may be supplied from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “pain took hold of them, as when a woman is in labor” or “they became afraid, like a woman is afraid of experiencing labor pains” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1709	48:7	e8iv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	With the east wind you break the ships of Tarshish	0	This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which the author describes the kings being afraid as if they were ships that shake because God destroys them with a strong wind. Alternate translation: “They shook with fear, as the ships of Tarshish shake when you break them with the east wind” or (2) this is an apostrophe in which the author describes God’s great power. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
1710	48:7	qp44			the east wind	0	This could mean: (1) “a wind blowing from the east” or (2) “a strong wind.”
1711	48:7	n4q7			the ships of Tarshish	0	This could mean: (1) ships that sail to or are built in the city of Tarshish or (2) any large ocean-going ship.
1712	48:8	b3ds		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	As we have heard	0	It is implied that what they have heard is the great things that God has done in the past. Alternate translation: “As we have heard about the great things that God has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1713	48:8	g7aa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	so have we seen	0	This means that they have seen the proof that the things that they have heard are true. Alternate translation: “so we have seen God do great things now” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1714	48:8	pr7i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	in the city of Yahweh of hosts, in the city of our God	0	Both of these phrases refer to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “in the city of our God, Yahweh of hosts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1715	48:8	pa6r			establish it	0	“make it secure.” Here the word “establish means to preserve and make something secure.
1716	48:9	fec8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	your covenant faithfulness	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “how faithful you are to your covenant” or “how faithful you are to us because of your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1717	48:9	wf6y			in the middle of your temple	0	Alternate translation: “as we are in your temple”
1718	48:10	wrg5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	As your name is & so is your praise to the ends of the earth	0	Here the word “name” represents God’s character and reputation. The two phrases compare the greatness of God’s reputation with how greatly people praise him. Alternate translation: “Your name is very great … and so people throughout the world praise you greatly” or “People all throughout the world have heard of you … so people throughout the world praise you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1719	48:10	qf2g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to the ends of the earth	0	This is an idiomatic expression that means everywhere in the word. See how you translated this in [Psalms 46:9](../046/009.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1720	48:10	w3p6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	your right hand is full of righteousness	0	The writer speaks of righteousness as if it were an object that God could hold in his hand. Here the word “hand” refers to God’s power and authority to rule. Alternate translation: “you rule with righteousness” or “you are righteous as you rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1721	48:11	w7c2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Let Mount Zion be glad	0	The writer speaks of Mount Zion as if it were a person who could be glad. The phrase refers to the people who live in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Let those who live on Mount Zion be glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1722	48:11	csq8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	let the daughters of Judah rejoice	0	The writer speaks of the towns in Judah as if they were Judah’s children. The phrase refers to the people who live in those towns. Alternate translation: “let the people who live in the cities of Judah rejoice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1723	48:12	r196		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Walk around Mount Zion, go round about her	0	These two phrases are parallel. Alternate translation: “Walk all the way around Mount Zion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1724	48:13	d5xm			notice well	0	Alternate translation: “notice in detail”
1725	48:14	wub8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	he will be our guide	0	The word “guide” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he will guide us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1726	48:14	rmz8			to death	0	This could mean: (1) “until we die” or (2) “forever.”
1727	49:intro	r9r3				0	# Psalm 049 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 49 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Riches\n\nRiches do not last forever. They cannot save a person from death, and they cannot be taken from a person at death. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
1728	49:1	wm6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1729	49:1	f4gj			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
1730	49:1	a8dr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Hear this, all you peoples; give ear, all you inhabitants	0	These two phrases are parallel. Together they strengthen the command for all people to listen. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1731	49:1	ski6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	give ear	0	This idiomatic expression means to use one’s ears to listen. Alternate translation: “listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1732	49:2	f6b7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	both low and high	0	The writer speaks of people who are weak or insignificant in society as being low and of people who are important and powerful as being high. Together, the words “low” and “high” represent all people. Alternate translation: “both important people and unimportant people” or “people of every social class” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1733	49:2	cq6d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	rich and poor together	0	Together the words “rich” and “poor” refer to all people, regardless of wealth. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1734	49:3	r7z1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	My mouth will speak wisdom	0	Here the word “mouth” refers to the whole person who speaks. Alternate translation: “I will speak wise words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1735	49:3	hx37		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the meditation of my heart will be of understanding	0	Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. The abstract nouns “meditation” and “understanding” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “the thoughts upon which I meditate will help you to understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1736	49:4	wva9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	incline my ear	0	The writer speaks of listening carefully to something as if it were bending one’s ear towards the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “listen carefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1737	49:4	ge9u			with the harp	0	Alternate translation: “as I play the harp”
1738	49:5	yhr6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why should I fear & heels?	0	The writer asks this question to emphasize that he has no reason to fear when bad things happen. Alternate translation: “I have no reason to fear … heels.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1739	49:5	vu7z			the days of evil	0	“when evil things happen.” Here the word “days” refers to general periods of time.
1740	49:5	ug31		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	when iniquity surrounds me at my heels	0	This could mean: (1) the writer speaks of the evil desires of his enemies as if it were a predator ready to overtake him. Alternate translation: “when the iniquity of sinful men is ready to overcome me” or (2) the writer’s enemies surround him as they commit their iniquity. Alternate translation: “when my enemies surround me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1741	49:6	z2gn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	those who trust in their wealth	0	These people trust their wealth will keep them from having to suffer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1742	49:6	w369			about the amount of their riches	0	a large amount of something
1743	49:7	mmh3			It is certain that no one	0	Alternate translation: “There is no way that any of them can” or “No one can”
1744	49:7	cj1n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	no one can redeem his brother or give God a ransom for him	0	Both of these phrases express that a person cannot give God enough money to be able to avoid death. Alternate translation: “no one can pay money to God so that their brother will not die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1745	49:8	n5rb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	the redemption of one’s life is costly	0	The word “redemption” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “it costs too much to redeem a person’s life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1746	49:9	nw4t			so that his body should not decay	0	This refers to the body decomposing in the grave.
1747	49:10	q1ib		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he will see decay	0	The writer speaks of experiencing something as if it were seeing that thing. Alternate translation: “he will die and his body will decay” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1748	49:10	v4i4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	Wise men die; the fool and the brute alike perish	0	The author refers to all people by referring to those who have the most and least wisdom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1749	49:10	vpc1			brute	0	This means a person who is stupid or unintelligent.
1750	49:11	lu71			Their inner thought	0	Alternate translation: “Their belief”
1751	49:11	brb9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	the places where they live, to all generations	0	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “the places where they live will continue to all generations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1752	49:11	zu1i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	they call their lands after their own names	0	“they name their lands after themselves.” This phrase expresses ownership. Alternate translation: “they own their own lands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1753	49:12	ma8l			But man, having wealth	0	Alternate translation: “But man, even if he has wealth”
1754	49:13	chs8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This, their way, is their folly	0	The writer speaks of the fate of fools as if it is the destination at the end of the path on which they walk. Alternate translation: “This is the fate of those who practice folly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1755	49:13	aze6			yet after them	0	Alternate translation: “yet after they die”
1756	49:14	yp7j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Like sheep	0	The writer compares people who will all die to a flock of sheep. Just as sheep cannot escape when the butcher decides to slaughter them, so men will not escape when it is their time to die. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1757	49:14	le72		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	they are appointed	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has appointed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1758	49:14	jp6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	death will be their shepherd	0	The writer speaks of men dying by personifying death as a shepherd who leads them into the grave. Alternate translation: “death will take them away as a shepherd leads away sheep to be slaughtered” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1759	49:14	fu5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	in the morning	0	Here the word “morning” is a metaphor that refers to a time when God will vindicate righteous people and save them from evil people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1760	49:14	xwx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	their bodies will be consumed in Sheol	0	The writer speaks of Sheol, the place of the dead, as if it were a person or animal. He speaks of the decay of dead bodies as if Sheol were eating them. Alternate translation: “their bodies will decompose in the grave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1761	49:15	hdm9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	God will redeem my life from the power of Sheol	0	The writer speaks of Sheol as if it were a person who has power over those who die. From the context, it is implied that this power refers to consuming the bodies of the dead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1762	49:15	vf45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	God will redeem my life	0	Here the word “life” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “God will redeem me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1763	49:16	gm8v			the glory of his house increases	0	The word “glory” here refers to wealth or riches. This could mean: (1) “when he gains more wealth in his house” or (2) “when his family becomes richer.”
1764	49:17	a1l5			he will take nothing away	0	Alternate translation: “he will take nothing with him to the grave”
1765	49:17	cz54		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	his glory will not go down after him	0	The phrase “go down” refers to when the man dies. Alternate translation: “his glory will not go along with him when he dies” or “he will not keep his reputation when he dies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1766	49:18	eq9c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	He blessed his soul	0	Here the word “soul” refers to the whole person. This phrase means that he considered himself to be happy and successful because of his riches. Alternate translation: “He congratulated himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1767	49:19	hq9g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	he will go to the generation of his fathers	0	“he will go to where his fathers’ generation is.” This is a euphemism that means that the rich man will die and join his ancestors in the grave. Alternate translation: “he will join his ancestors in the grave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1768	49:19	dvh8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they will never see the light again	0	The word “they” refers to the rich man and his ancestors. The word “light” may refer to the sun or be a metaphor for life. Alternate translation: “they will never see the sun again” or “they will never live again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1769	50:intro	cbd7				0	# Psalm 050 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 50 is a wisdom psalm. It tells what pleases God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Sacrifices\n\nGod does not need animal sacrifices; he does not eat meat or drink blood. The world and everything in it belong to God. He wants people to be thankful and to depend on him. God rejects evil people who reject his covenant. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
1770	50:1	v4hj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThis psalm is a song that teaches people. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1771	50:1	wpn8			The Mighty One, God, Yahweh	0	The author uses three different names to speak of God.
1772	50:1	s58x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	called the earth	0	Here the word “earth” refers to the people who live on the earth. Alternate translation: “called all people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1773	50:1	ycf8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	from the rising of the sun to its setting	0	This phrase refers to the directions east, where the sun rises, and west, where the sun sets. The writer uses these two extremes to represent everywhere on earth. Alternate translation: “everywhere on earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1774	50:2	k7vg			Zion, the perfection of beauty	0	This could mean: (1) “Zion, whose beauty is perfect” or (2) “Zion, the most beautiful city.”
1775	50:2	k22a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God has shone	0	The writer speaks of God as if he were a light that shines. This refers to God causing people to know about his glory. Alternate translation: “God’s glory shines like a light” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1776	50:3	ymh5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	does not stay silent	0	The writer uses this negative statement to emphasize the positive. Alternate translation: “speaks so that everyone can hear him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1777	50:3	m31d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	a fire devours before him	0	The writer speaks of a fire burning things as if it were eating them. Alternate translation: “a fire burns in front of him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1778	50:3	pw8f			it is very stormy around him	0	Alternate translation: “there is a great storm around him”
1779	50:4	d22v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	He calls to the heavens above and to the earth	0	This could mean: (1) God is calling on all who live in heaven and on earth to be witnesses as he judges his people or (2) God is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses as he judges his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1780	50:6	fxq3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The heavens will declare	0	This could mean: (1) the writer uses the word “heavens” to refer to the angels who live there or (2) the writer speaks of “the heavens” as if they are a person who testifies about God’s righteousness. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1781	50:8	ef2a			I will not reprove you for your sacrifices	0	“I will reprove you, but not for your sacrifices.” God explains that their sacrifices are not the reason that he is reproving them.
1782	50:8	s2pk			reprove	0	tell someone he is guilty of doing wrong
1783	50:8	m19c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	your burnt offerings are always before me	0	This explains why God is not rebuking them for their sacrifices. The phrase “are always before me” refers to being in God’s presence and means that his people are always sacrificing their burnt offerings to him. Alternate translation: “you are always sacrificing burnt offerings to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1784	50:9	a3jw			folds	0	areas surrounded by walls in which sheep and goats are kept
1785	50:10	sbr7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	the cattle on a thousand hills	0	The phrase “on a thousand hills” does not represent the total number of cattle that God owns. The number is an exaggeration that emphasizes that God owns all of the cattle in the world. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “all the cattle in the world are mine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1786	50:10	f9vg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	thousand hills	0	“1,000 hills” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1787	50:11	dx4m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I know all the birds	0	Here the word “know” implies ownership. Alternate translation: “I own all the birds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1788	50:12	gaw2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	If I were hungry	0	This describes something that could not happen, since God does not get hungry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1789	50:13	ybv9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will I eat the flesh of bulls or drink the blood of goats?	0	God asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not do these things and so has no need for their sacrifices. Alternate translation: “I do not eat the flesh of bulls or drink the blood of goats.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1790	50:14	tja9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Offer to God	0	Here God refers to himself. Alternate translation: “Offer to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1791	50:14	hz6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	pay your vows to the Most High	0	The writer speaks of “vows” as if they are currency which a person pays to God. Alternate translation: “fulfill your vows to the Most High” or “do what you have promised the Most High to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1792	50:15	si2v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	in the day of trouble	0	Here the word “day” refers to any period of time. Alternate translation: “whenever you have troubles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1793	50:16	ab6c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	But to the wicked God says	0	Here God is still speaking and speaks of himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “But to the wicked I say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1794	50:16	ww85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	to the wicked	0	The word “wicked” refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “to wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1795	50:16	mat4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	have taken my covenant in your mouth	0	God speaks of wicked people reciting the words of his covenant as if they are putting the covenant in their mouth. Alternate translation: “talk about my covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1796	50:17	zuf2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	since you hate instruction and throw my words away	0	This is the end of the rhetorical question begun with the words “What have you to do” ([Psalms 50:16](../050/016.md)). God uses this question to rebuke wicked people. This question can be turned into a statement: “It is not right for you to declare my statutes and my covenant, since you hate instruction and throw my words away.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1797	50:17	l69z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	throw my words away	0	God speaks of the wicked people rejecting what he says as if they were throwing away trash. Alternate translation: “reject what I say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1798	50:18	v2nw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	you agree with him	0	This could mean: (1) that they approve of the thief’s actions. Alternate translation: “you approve or him” or (2) that they join the thief in their actions. Alternate translation: “you join him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1799	50:19	p5te		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	You give your mouth to evil	0	God speaks of a person speaking evil things as if that person’s mouth is a messenger whom the person sends to do evil things. Alternate translation: “You are always saying evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1800	50:19	eu22		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	your tongue expresses deceit	0	The word “tongue” represents the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “you are always telling lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1801	50:20	zjx3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	You sit and speak against your brother; you slander your own mother’s son	0	These two phrases have the same meaning but use different words. God accuses them of speaking falsely against members of their own family. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1802	50:20	ea7a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	You sit and speak	0	To “sit and speak” against someone implies that this person deliberately thinks of bad things to say about someone. Alternate translation: “You always think of ways to speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1803	50:21	br29		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	you thought that I was someone just like yourself	0	Since God had kept silent and not yet rebuked the wicked people for their actions, they thought that God approved of what they did. Alternate translation: “you thought that I was someone who acts just like you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1804	50:21	w99y			reprove	0	tell someone he is guilty of doing wrong
1805	50:21	j3hc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	bring up & all the things you have done	0	God speaks of listing all of the evil things that they have done. Alternate translation: “list … all the things you have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1806	50:21	pf7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	right before your eyes	0	Here, to be “before your eyes” means that it is in a place where they can see. This means that they will not be able to deny the charges that God brings against them. Alternate translation: “right in front of you” or “so that you can not deny them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1807	50:22	jz7u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you who forget God	0	God speaks of the wicked rejecting him as if they have forgotten him. He speaks of himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “you who reject me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1808	50:22	ql5f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will tear you to pieces	0	God speaks of destroying the wicked as if he were a lion eating its prey. Alternate translation: “I will destroy you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1809	50:23	u8xr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	plans his path in the right way	0	God speaks of a the way a person lives as if it were a path that the person travels. Alternate translation: “lives his life the right way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1810	50:23	u5xv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	I will show God’s salvation	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “save.” God refers to himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “I will save him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1811	51:intro	uij8				0	# Psalm 051 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 51 is a psalm of repentance from sin. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Repentance\n\nThe psalmist is truly sorry for having sinned. He repented and God forgave his sins. God wants true sorrow for having sinned, not sacrifices. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/true]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]])\n\n### Author of Psalm\n\nScholars are divided over whether this psalm was authored by King David as is mentioned by the superscription. If nothing else, we can assume the last two verses were added later since Jerusalem is intact with well-built walls during King David’s reign.
1812	51:1	v8pw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. In this psalm David asks God for forgiveness. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1813	51:1	rl6b			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1814	51:1	ia5j			A psalm of David	0	This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
1815	51:1	sf45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	when Nathan the prophet came to him	0	It can be stated clearly what Nathan did when he came to David, because this psalm is in response to that. Alternate translation: “when Nathan the prophet came to David and rebuked him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1816	51:1	dlr2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	because of your covenant faithfulness	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1817	51:1	pm2w			for the sake of the multitude of your merciful actions	0	Alternate translation: “because you do so many merciful things”
1818	51:1	jan2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	blot out my transgressions	0	Forgiving sins is spoken of as either: (1) blotting them out or (2) erasing a written record of the sins. Alternate translation: “forgive my sins like someone wiping something away” or “forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1819	51:2	rtj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity & cleanse me from my sin	0	These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1820	51:2	q5ks		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity	0	Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. Alternate translation: “Wash away all my sin” or “Forgive all my sins so that I will be acceptable to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1821	51:2	h3by			thoroughly	0	completely, totally
1822	51:2	ja25		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	cleanse me from my sin	0	Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. Alternate translation: “Make me clean from my sin” or “forgive me for my sin so that I will be clean” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1823	51:3	qpz2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my sin is always before me	0	Not being able to forget his sins is spoken of as if they were always in front of him where he can see them. Alternate translation: “I am always aware of my sins” or “I cannot forget my sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1824	51:4	t9px		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	what is evil in your sight	0	The word “sight” here represents judgment. Yahweh saw and did not approve of David’s actions. Alternate translation: “what you judge to be evil” or “what you consider to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1825	51:5	j8f9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I was born in iniquity	0	Being a sinner is spoken of as being in iniquity. Alternate translation: “I was already a sinner when I was born” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1826	51:5	i2cz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	as soon as my mother conceived me, I was in sin	0	Being a sinner is spoken of as being in sin. Alternate translation: “even when my mother conceived me, I was a sinner” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1827	51:6	w9f4			See, you desire trustworthiness	0	The use of “See” here draw our attention to the contrast between this sentence and “See, I was born in iniquity” (verse 5). “Truly I was born in iniquity … But you desire trustworthiness”
1828	51:6	kqg1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you desire trustworthiness in my inner self	0	The **inner self** represents either: (1) the person’s desires or (2) the whole person. Alternate translation: “you want me to desire trustworthiness” or “you want me to be trustworthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1829	51:7	fc52		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Purify me & I will be clean & wash me & I will be whiter than snow	0	Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean or white. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1830	51:7	v7q2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Purify me with hyssop	0	The writer speaks of God as if God were a priest who would sprinkle water on him to make him acceptable to God. Alternate translation: “Make me acceptable by sprinkling water on me with hyssop” or “Forgive me for my sins so that I will be acceptable to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1831	51:7	im87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	hyssop	0	This is a plant that the priests used to sprinkle water or blood on people or things to make them ceremonially clean, that is, acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1832	51:7	l5n6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	whiter than snow	0	Not having sin is spoken of as being white. Alternate translation: “very, very white” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1833	51:8	g7v8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	joy and gladness	0	These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize his desire to hear joyful things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1834	51:8	p4ef		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	so that the bones that you have broken may rejoice	0	Feeling terrible sadness is spoken of as if his bones were broken. Alternate translation: “for you have caused me terrible sadness in my inner being. Let me rejoice again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1835	51:9	gs6c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Hide your face from my sins	0	Thinking about someone’s sins is spoken of as seeing them. Forgiving or refusing to think about the sins is spoken of as choosing not to see them. Alternate translation: “Do not look at my sins” or “Do not remember my sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1836	51:9	b3jc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	blot out all my iniquities	0	Here, forgiving or refusing to think about someone’s sins could mean: (1) blotting them out or (2) erasing a written record of the sins. Alternate translation: (1) “forgive my sins like someone wiping something away” or (2) “forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1837	51:10	q6ng		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Create in me a clean heart	0	Here the “heart” represents the feelings and desires. Being completely devoted and obedient to God is spoken of as having a clean heart. Alternate translation: “Make me completely devoted to you” or “Make me want to obey you always” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1838	51:10	bn5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	renew a right spirit within me	0	Here “spirit” represents the attitude and desires of a David. Alternate translation: “make my attitude right” or “make me always want to do what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1839	51:11	v6gj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Do not drive me away from your presence	0	“Do not force me to go away from you.” Being rejected by God is spoken of as being forced to go away from him. Alternate translation: “Do not reject me as one of your people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1840	51:12	t5fh			sustain me	0	Alternate translation: “hold me up” or “assist me”
1841	51:13	az4f			your ways	0	Alternate translation: “the way you want people to live” or “what you want people to do”
1842	51:13	tzw4			transgressors & sinners	0	These two words refer to the same people here.
1843	51:14	i5mg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	shedding blood	0	This phrase refers to killing another person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1844	51:15	mb7z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Lord, open my lips, and my mouth will express your praise	0	Here the person is represented by his “mouth.” Being able to talk is spoken of as the lips being open. Here not being able to speak is a symbol of being guilty of sin and not being able to make a defense. Alternate translation: “Lord, make me able to speak, and I will praise you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1845	51:16	rlr8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	you do not delight in sacrifice & you have no pleasure in burnt offerings	0	This means that God wants something more important than these things. Alternate translation: “A sacrifice is not enough to please you … you want something more than burn offerings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1846	51:17	ib5d			The sacrifices of God	0	Alternate translation: “The sacrifices that please God”
1847	51:17	e3fd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	a broken spirit	0	A broken spirit represents a humble attitude. Alternate translation: “humility” or “a person who becomes humble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1848	51:17	r49l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a broken and a contrite heart	0	Being humble and sorry for one’s sin is spoken of as having a broken and contrite heart. The heart represents the emotions and will. Alternate translation: “sorrow and humility” or “a person who is sorry for his sin and humble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1849	51:18	sl4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	rebuild the walls of Jerusalem	0	The walls of a city protect the city and the people in it. This could mean: (1) “enable us to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem” or (2) “protect Jerusalem and make it strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1850	51:19	qe3h			our people will offer bulls on your altar	0	A bull is an adult male cow. Bulls were often used as sacrificial animals, according to God’s instruction.
1851	52:intro	gx5r				0	# Psalm 052 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 52 is a wisdom psalm. It teaches that God will destroy evil people. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Evil people\n\nAlthough the evil people feel secure with their wealth and evil deeds, God will destroy them. But people who do good are secure because God protects them. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])\n\n### Superscription\n\nThis psalm is called “a Maschil of David.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
1852	52:1	xe8m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nIn this psalm the word “you” refers to Doeg. When Saul wanted to kill David, Doeg told Saul where David was so that Saul could find him. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1853	52:1	eve8			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1854	52:1	px5f			A maschil	0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md).
1855	52:1	iv91		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Doeg & Ahimelech	0	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1856	52:1	gv61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why are you proud of making trouble, you mighty man?	0	This question shows how angry David was at the one who made trouble. Alternate translation: “You should not be so proud of making trouble, you mighty man.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1857	52:1	tc43		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	you mighty man	0	David may have been using irony when he called Doeg this. Alternate translation: “you, who think you are so mighty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1858	52:1	u3iv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The covenant faithfulness of God comes every day	0	David speaks of God’s covenant faithfulness as if it were something that could come. David was probably referring to God’s promises to protect his people from wicked people. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective or an adverb. Alternate translation: “Every day, God is faithful to keep the promises of his covenant” or “Every day, God faithfully protects his people from wicked people like you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1859	52:2	yc5s			a sharp razor	0	a sharp blade
1860	52:2	hlt7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Your tongue plans destruction like a sharp razor, working deceitfully	0	Here the tongue is compared to a sharp razor which is capable of causing great harm. Alternate translation: “Your tongue harms people like a sharp razor does, when you plan destruction and deceive others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1861	52:2	mc21		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Your tongue	0	Here “your tongue” refers to the person David is speaking to. Alternate translation: “You” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1862	52:3	n4c1			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nDavid continues speaking to the “mighty man” of [Psalms 5:1](../005/001.md)
1863	52:3	u7f1			lying rather than speaking righteousness	0	Alternate translation: “you love lying more than speaking what is right”
1864	52:4	c8a7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	words that devour others	0	Here words that harm others are spoken of as if they were animals that devour people. Alternate translation: “words that harm others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1865	52:4	brj2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	you deceitful tongue	0	This refers to the person the author is speaking to. Alternate translation: “you speaker of deceit” or “you liar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1866	52:5	b3i7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	take you up & pluck you & root you	0	All three of these phrases are different ways of saying “remove you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1867	52:5	r2bt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	root you out of the land of the living	0	Being alive on earth is spoken of as if people are plants with roots in the ground. God killing someone is spoken of as digging up the plant’s roots and taking it out of the ground. Alternate translation: “he will take you out the land of the living” or “He will kill you so that you will no longer be on earth with living people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1868	52:5	cdy6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate	Selah	0	This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
1869	52:6	mke5			The righteous will also see it and fear	0	Alternate translation: “The righteous will also see God remove him and they will fear”
1870	52:7	edv2			See	0	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1871	52:7	qv2z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	did not make God his refuge	0	Here “refuge” represents a protector. Alternate translation: “did not make God his protector” or “did not ask God to protect him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1872	52:8	u1wy			a green olive tree	0	Green olive trees are strong and secure. They do not fall over.
1873	52:8	e2xz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	I am like a green olive tree in God’s house	0	Being safe and secure is spoken of as being like a strong tree. Alternate translation: “I am strong in God’s house, like a green olive tree” or “Because I worship in God’s house, I am secure like a green olive tree” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1874	52:8	ydi4			in God’s house	0	This refers to God’s temple.
1875	52:8	bgx6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	I will trust in the covenant faithfulness of God forever and ever	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I will trust in God forever and ever because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1876	52:9	cj6z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will wait for your name, because it is good	0	God’s name represents God himself. Waiting for God represents waiting for God to help him. Alternate translation: “I will wait for you, because you are good” or “I will wait for you to help me, because you are good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1877	53:intro	u3hp				0	# Psalm 053 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 53 is a wisdom psalm. It warns people who do evil that God will judge them. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God’s watching mankind\n\nGod looks down from heaven and sees that all humans are evil and corrupt. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])\n\n### Superscription\n\nThis psalm is called “a Maschil of David.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
1878	53:1	btc5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1879	53:1	kkk8			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
1880	53:1	a9tq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate	set to Mahalath	0	This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
1881	53:1	c5we			A maschil	0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md).
1882	53:2	cmh4			the children of mankind	0	This refers to all people.
1883	53:2	dy8r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	who seek after him	0	Seeking God as a person would look for someone is spoken of as “seeking” God. This could mean: (1) wanting to know God. Alternate translation: “who want to know him” or (2) worshiping God. Alternate translation: “who worship him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1884	53:3	ki3t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They have all turned away	0	Rejecting God and what is right is spoken of as turning away. Alternate translation: “They have all turned away from doing what is right” or “They have all rejected God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1885	53:4	l2u4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do those who commit iniquity have no understanding—those & God?	0	This question is used to show the shock that the writer feels because the people are so sinful. It can be written as two statements. “Those who commit iniquity act as though they do not know anything. They devour my people as if they were eating bread, and they do not call on God!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1886	53:4	l75m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	those who devour my people as if they were eating bread	0	Destroying people is spoken of as devouring them. Doing it as if they were eating bread implies that they did it very easily or without feeling guilty about it. Alternate translation: “those who destroy my people as freely as if they were eating bread” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1887	53:5	q6fe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	God will scatter the bones of whoever will camp against you	0	Scattering people’s bones represents killing them and allowing their bones to remain wherever they have died and not be buried properly. “God will completely destroy whoever will camp against you, and their bones will lie scattered on the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1888	53:5	pl76		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	whoever will camp against you	0	Camping against people represents attacking them. Enemy armies would travel and set up camps to live in temporarily near the people they wanted to attack. Alternate translation: “whoever will attack you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1889	53:6	mle3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come	0	The word “Oh” here introduces an exclamation that expresses a hope or prayer. Alternate translation: “I hope that the salvation of Israel will come” or “I pray that the salvation of will come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
1890	53:6	awk5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the salvation of Israel would come from Zion	0	The salvation represents God, the savior, whose temple is in Zion. Alternate translation: “the savior of Israel would come from Zion” or “God would come from Zion and save Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1891	53:6	hj3c			When God brings back his people from the captivity	0	Alternate translation: “When God saves his captive people”
1892	53:6	fw2j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Jacob will rejoice and Israel will be glad!	0	These two phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1893	53:6	xbm3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Jacob	0	Here “Jacob” refers to the descendants of Jacob, the Israelites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1894	54:intro	vvf3				0	# Psalm 054 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 54 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Rescue\n\nEvil people want to kill David; but God has rescued him in the past and he trusts God to rescue him again. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])\n\n### Superscription\n\nThis psalm is called “a Maschil of David.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
1895	54:1	fa4h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThis psalm is a prayer for help. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1896	54:1	s1kh			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
1897	54:1	nwg2			on stringed instruments	0	Alternate translation: “people should play stringed instruments with this song”
1898	54:1	w9pi			A maschil	0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md)
1899	54:1	ql33		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ziphites	0	people from the city of Ziph in the Judean mountains, southeast of Hebron. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1900	54:1	db2i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Save me, God, by your name	0	Here God’s name represents his character. It may represent specifically his power or his justice. Alternate translation: “Save me, God, by your power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1901	54:1	jb6d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	judge me in your might	0	Judging David here represents showing people that David is not guilty. When God uses his might to save David, people will know that God has judged him as not guilty. Alternate translation: “In your might, show people that I am not guilty” or “Show people that I am not guilty by using your power to rescue me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1902	54:2	r9er		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	give ear to the words	0	Giving one’s ear represents listening. Alternate translation: “listen to the words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1903	54:2	mc9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the words of my mouth	0	Here the speaker is represented by his mouth. Alternate translation: “my words” or “what I am saying to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1904	54:3	u6zz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	have risen up against me	0	Rising up against someone represents preparing to attack him or actually attacking him. Alternate translation: “have prepared to attack me” or “are attacking me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1905	54:3	n85b			pitiless men	0	Alternate translation: “men who have no mercy”
1906	54:3	uub9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	have sought after my life	0	Seeking after someone’s life represents trying to kill him. Alternate translation: “have tried to kill me” or “want to kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1907	54:3	qx9n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	they have not set God before them	0	Setting God before them represents paying attention to God. Alternate translation: “they do not pay attention to God” or “they ignore God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1908	54:4	f6wz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	who upholds me	0	Defending David and keeping him safe is spoken of as upholding or supporting him. Alternate translation: “who defends me” or “who keeps me safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1909	54:5	gch4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He will repay my enemies with evil	0	Punishment is spoken as if it were payment. Alternate translation: “He will do the evil to my enemies that they have done to me” or “He will cause the evil that my enemies have done to me to be done to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1910	54:5	y135			in your faithfulness, destroy them	0	Here David changes from talking about God to talking to God. Alternate translation: “God, destroy them because you are faithful to me”
1911	54:6	kq3s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	I will give thanks to your name, Yahweh, for it is good	0	Yahweh’s name represents him. Alternate translation: “I will give thanks to you, Yahweh, for you are good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1912	54:7	q8mm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my eye has looked	0	The eye represents the person. Alternate translation: “I have looked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1913	54:7	z3ih		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my eye has looked in triumph on my enemies	0	This could mean: (1) seeing that his enemies have been defeated. Alternate translation: “I have seen that my enemies have been defeated” or (2) defeating his enemies. Alternate translation: “I have defeated my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1914	55:intro	fx5e				0	# Psalm 055 General Notes\n\n## Type of psalm\n\nPsalm 55 is a deliverance psalm. The psalmist is praying that God will deliver him from his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Betrayal\n\nThe author wishes he could get far away from his enemies after his best friend betrayed him. He asks God to completely destroy his enemies. He is trusting God to save him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])\n\n### Superscription\n\nThis psalm is called “a Maschil of David.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
1915	55:1	gsm2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nParallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1916	55:1	v48i			For the chief musician	0	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
1917	55:1	y5nc			on stringed instruments	0	Alternate translation: “people should play stringed instruments with this song”
1918	55:1	lzt7			A maschil	0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md)
1919	55:1	v59z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Give ear to my prayer	0	Giving one’s ear represents listening. Alternate translation: “Listen to my prayer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1920	55:1	v8bq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	do not hide yourself from my plea	0	Refusing to pay attention to his plea is spoken of as hiding himself from it. Alternate translation: “do not ignore my plea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1921	55:3	ag8m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	because of the voice of my enemies	0	Here “voice” represents what they say. Alternate translation: “because of what my enemies say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1922	55:3	iqu1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they bring trouble on me	0	Causing trouble is spoken of as bringing trouble. Alternate translation: “they cause me to have great troubles” or “they do wicked things to me and so I suffer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1923	55:4	z3pk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	My heart trembles within me	0	Here, “heart trembles” refers to his emotional pain and suffering. This suffering is because of fear. Alternate translation: “I am suffering because I am so afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1924	55:4	jr4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the terrors of death have fallen on me	0	Becoming very afraid, or terrified, is spoken of as if terror is a thing that falls on a person. Alternate translation: “I am very much afraid that I will die” or “I am terrified that I will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1925	55:5	spg6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Fearfulness and trembling have come on me	0	Becoming fearful and trembling is spoken of as if fearfulness and trembling are things that come on a person. Alternate translation: “I have become very fearful and I tremble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1926	55:5	lr6z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	horror has overwhelmed me	0	Feeling horror is spoken of as if horror were a thing that can cover people. Alternate translation: “I feel terrible horror” or “I am extremely afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1927	55:6	xih1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	Oh, if only I had wings like a dove!	0	This exclamation expresses something the writer wishes for very much. Alternate translation: “I wish very much that I had wings like a dove” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
1928	55:6	dd1u			Then would I fly away	0	Alternate translation: “If I did have wings, I would fly away”
1929	55:7	kwx9			See, then I would wander	0	Alternate translation: “I would do that and more: I would wander”
1930	55:8	kzu3			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThe writer finishes telling about what he had said.
1931	55:8	v8vq			tempest	0	a strong storm
1932	55:9	rlv7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Devour them	0	Destroying something is spoken of as eating all of it. Possible meanings are “Destroy my enemies’ plans” or “Destroy my enemies.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1933	55:9	xsb3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	confuse their language	0	“Language” here represents what the people were saying to each other, and probably refers specifically to them talking about plans to do evil. Confusing it represents making the people unable to understand each other. Alternate translation: “confuse them when they speak to each other” or “confuse their plans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1934	55:10	adq2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	they go about on its walls	0	“violence and strife go about on her walls” ([Psalms 55:9](../055/009.md)). Violence and strife are spoken of as if they were people. This can be expressed by telling about the people who cause violence and strife. Alternate translation: “people walk about on the city’s walls, being violent and fighting” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1935	55:10	mjb4			on its walls	0	“along the tops of the city walls.” Cities had thick walls around them to protect them from enemies. People could walk along the tops of the walls to see if any enemies were coming to the city.
1936	55:10	wnf2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	wickedness and trouble are in the middle of it	0	Wickedness and trouble are spoken of as if they were people. This can be expressed by telling about the people who do wickedness and trouble. Alternate translation: “people do wickedness and cause trouble in the middle of the city” or “people do sinful things and cause trouble in it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1937	55:11	r85i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Wickedness is in the middle of it	0	Wickedness is spoken of as if it were a person. This can be expressed by telling about the people who do wicked things. Alternate translation: “People do wicked things in the middle of the city” or “people destroy things in the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1938	55:11	c726		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	oppression and deceit do not leave its streets	0	Oppression and deceit are spoken of as if they were people. This can be expressed by telling about the people who oppress and deceive others. Alternate translation: “People oppress and deceive others in the city streets, and they do not leave” or “People are always oppressing and deceiving others in the city streets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1939	55:11	av8t			its streets	0	This may refer to the marketplaces in the city.
1940	55:12	fkh4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I could have borne it	0	Tolerating or enduring a rebuke is spoken of as bearing or carrying it. Alternate translation: “I could have tolerated the rebuke” or “I would not be so sad about the rebuke” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1941	55:12	sl4f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	raised himself up against me	0	Being proud of oneself and insulting another is spoken of as raising oneself up against another. Alternate translation: “insulted me” or “despised me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1942	55:13	q1xj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	But it was you	0	The psalmist speaks as though the person who had rebuked and taunted him were there listening to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
1943	55:13	h4d4			myself, my companion and my close friend	0	This can be divided and a new sentence begun. Alternate translation: “myself. You were my companion and my close friend”
1944	55:14	uy9r			We	0	The word “we” refers to the psalmist and his friend.
1945	55:14	jnv2			with the throng	0	This could mean: (1) “together” or (2) “with the crowd.”

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