richmahn_en_tn/tn_GEN.tsv

1	Reference	ID	Tags	SupportReference	Quote	Occurrence	Note
2	front:intro	d9wn				0	# Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Genesis\n\n1. From the Creation to the Tower of Babel\n- The account of the creation of the heavens and the earth (1:1–4:26)\n- The account of Adam (5:1–6:8)\n- The account of Noah (6:9–11:9)\n- The account of Shem (11:10–11:26)\n- The account of Terah (11:27–11:32)\n1. The accounts of the Patriarchs\n- The account of Abraham (12:1-25:11)\n- The account of Ishmael (25:12–25:18)\n- The account of Isaac, focusing on Jacob (25:19–35:29)\n- The account of Esau (36:1–37:1)\n- The account of Jacob, focusing on Joseph (37:2–50:26)\n\n### What is Genesis about?\n\nGenesis begins with the early years of creation. It tells about God creating heaven, earth, and the first humans. It also tells about the first time humans sinned. This caused humans to be separated from God and to eventually die. Genesis 1-11 briefly tells about other important events that occurred over many hundreds of years. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/death]])\n\nGenesis is also about the beginning of God’s people. Genesis 12-50 tells about how God remained faithful to Abraham and his descendants. Abraham’s descendants became known as the Hebrews and later as the Israelites. These people would worship Yahweh and be his people.\n\nGenesis ends with Abraham’s descendants living in Egypt with the hope of returning one day to the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\n“Genesis” means “beginning,” so translators should express this idea in their title. Titles such as “The Beginning of Things” may be suitable. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote Genesis?\n\nThe writers of both the Old and New Testaments presented Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Genesis. Since ancient times, both Jews and Christians have thought that Moses wrote Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What are the covenants mentioned in Genesis?\n\nA covenant is a formal, binding agreement between two parties that one or both parties must fulfill.\n\nGod made three covenants in Genesis. In the covenant with Adam, God promised to bless Adam and cause him to prosper. Adam was not allowed to eat fruit from the tree of knowledge of good and evil. God promised that Adam would die if he disobeyed what he commanded.\n\nIn the covenant with Noah, God promised to never again destroy the world with a flood.\n\nIn the covenant with Abraham, God promised to make Abraham’s descendants into a great nation. He also promised to protect them and to give them a land of their own.\n\n### What was God’s purpose for the book of Genesis?\n\nThe book of Genesis says that God created a very good world. However, the world became cursed because human beings began to sin. But Genesis shows that God continues to have complete control over the world.\n\nGenesis also describes the start of God’s plan to bless the whole world again. This is shown when God makes a covenant with Abraham. With this covenant, God chose Abraham and his descendants to be his people. God promised to bless the world through Abraham’s descendants.\n\n### What was the custom for inheritance as described by Genesis?\n\nThere are several passages in Genesis that show the customs of a father who is about to die passing on a blessing to his son. Abraham blessed his son, Isaac, and made him the ancestor of the people of Israel. However, Ishmael, Abraham’s other son, did not receive that same divine blessing. Likewise, Isaac’s older son Esau did not receive the blessing. Isaac’s younger son, Jacob, received it instead. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])\n\nAlso, it was the custom for a man to divide among his sons his material wealth and land. All his sons received equal portions except the oldest son. The firstborn son received twice as much. His portion was called a double portion. Esau gave up his right to receive the double portion.\n\n### How does Genesis present sin and evil?\n\nGenesis presents sin as doing things that are against God’s word and God’s ways. It presents evil as the opposite of good.\n\nSin and evil have affected all people. This started when Adam disobeyed God in the Garden of Eden.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### What is one way in which Genesis marks the beginning of important sections?\n\nGenesis uses one Hebrew phrase that the ULT translates as “this is the record of,” “these were the events concerning,” or “these were the descendants of.” The information in these sections may have come from sources much older than Moses. These passages are 2:4; 5:1; 6:9; 10:1; 11:10, 27; 25:12, 19; 36:1, 9; 37:2.\n\nIf the translator wants to translate in only two ways, we recommend for most passages a phrase such as, “this is the record about” or “this is information about.” Some passages will be better translated, however, as “These were the descendants of.”\n\n### Why are the beginnings of some narrative sections in Genesis difficult to translate?\n\nOften in Genesis, the author first summarizes what is about to happen. Then in the following verses, the author tells the details of what happened. Probable examples of this style occur in Gen. 1:1, 6:22, 18:1, 21:1 and 22:1.\n\nHowever, in many languages, it is preferred to write summaries at the end of a narrative. In this case, translators may choose a different approach. For example, in Gen. 1:1 (“In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth”), translators may decide to translate like this: “This is about how God made the heavens and the earth in the beginning.”\n\n### What is the difference between “people,” “peoples,” and “people groups”?\n\nThe word “people” refers to all the individuals who belong to a group, such as “the people of Israel.” The word “peoples” (used in the ULT) refers to multiple groups of people. Each people group might speak their own language, have their own customs, and worships their own gods. Some different peoples in the ancient Near East were those of Israel, Egypt, Edom, Moab, and Ammon.\n\nThe expression “people groups” (used in the UST) means the same thing as “peoples” in the ULT. The translator should use the most equivalent term that is common in the project language.\n\n### What is the relationship between individuals and peoples that have similar names?\n\nMany individuals in Genesis eventually had large numbers of descendants who were called after their ancestor’s name. For example, Cush was the name of an individual. But, “Cush” also became the name of nation that his descendants formed. They were called “Cushites.” If possible, when translating these names, the translator should make the individual’s name and the nation’s name similar. Examples of this are “Cush” and “Cushite” or “Moab” and “Moabite.” Otherwise, the translator may say, “the descendants of Cush” or “the descendants of Moab.”\n\n### What do the phrases “to this day” or “of today” mean?\n\nThese phrases were used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” and “of today” refer to a time already passed. The translator might decide to say, “to this day, at the time when this is being written,” or, “to this day, at the time of writing.” This Hebrew phrase occurs in Gen. 19:37, 19:38, 22:14, 26:33, 32:32, 35:20, 47:26, 48:18.
3	1:intro	zb6f				0	# Genesis 01 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter presents the first account of God creating the world. There is a pattern to this account: “God said … God saw that it was good … This was evening and morning, the first day.” Translators should preserve this pattern in their versions.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The universe\n\nThis account of creation is told within the framework of ancient Hebrew ideas about the universe: the earth was resting with water around it and below it. Over the earth was something like a vast dome, called “an expanse between the waters” (1:6), on top of which was more water. Translators should try to keep these original images in their work, even though readers in their project language might have a completely different idea of what the universe is like.\n\n### Evening and morning\n\nGenesis 1 presents the ancient Hebrew idea of a day: it begins with sunset, lasts through the night and continues through the daylight hours until the next sunset. This pattern should be preserved in translation, even if readers in the project language define “day” differently.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “In the beginning”\n\nSome languages and cultures speak of the world as if it has always existed, as if it had no beginning. But “very long ago” is different from “in the beginning,” and you need to be sure that your translation communicates correctly.\n\n### “God said, ‘Let there be’”\n\nThis expression occurs often in this chapter. It can be difficult to translate, because God is not shown as talking to a particular person. If God is talking to a thing, it is something not yet in existence. Translators should find the most natural way in the project language to signal the idea that God spoke things into existence; he created the world and the things in it by simply commanding that they should exist.
4	1:1	f2mg			In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth	0	“This is about how God made the heavens and the earth in the beginning.” This statement summarizes the rest of the chapter. Some languages translate it as “A very long time ago God created the heavens and the earth.” Translate it in a way that shows this actually happened and is not just a folk story.
5	1:1	d49e			In the beginning	0	This refers to the start of the world and everything in it.
6	1:1	sk34			the heavens and the earth	0	“the sky, the ground, and everything in them”
7	1:1	mz2j			heavens	0	This refers here to the sky.
8	1:2	fn3q			without form and empty	0	God had not yet put the world in order.
9	1:2	ta3a			the deep	0	“the water” or “the deep water” or “the vast water”
10	1:2	n2d9			the surface of the waters	0	“the surface of the water” or “the water”
11	1:3	d7qw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	Let there be light	0	This is a command. By commanding that light should exist, God made it exist. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
12	1:4	h2r1			God saw the light, that it was good	0	“God considered the light and was pleased with it.” “Good” here means “pleasing” or “suitable.”
13	1:4	m8ue			divided the light from the darkness	0	“separated the light and the darkness” or “made it light at one time and dark at another.” This refers to God creating the daytime and the night time.
14	1:5	gl7g			This was evening and morning, the first day	0	God did these things on the first day that the universe existed.
15	1:5	jc2d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	evening and morning	0	This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
16	1:6	urb3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	Let there be an expanse & let it divide	0	These are commands. By commanding that the expanse should exist and that it divide the waters, God made it exist and divide the waters. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
17	1:6	t6zc			expanse	0	large empty space. The Jewish people thought of this space as being shaped like the inside of dome or the inside of a bowl that is turned upside down.
18	1:6	se1i			between the waters	0	“in the water”
19	1:7	tq7f			God made the expanse and divided the waters	0	“In this way God made the expanse and divided the waters.” When God spoke, it happened. This sentence explains what God did when he spoke.
20	1:7	mt8y			It was so	0	“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning wherever it appears.
21	1:8	ss9r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	evening and morning	0	This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
22	1:8	s25m			the second day	0	This refers to the second day that the universe existed. See how you translated “the first day” in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way.
23	1:9	zu6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Let the waters & be gathered	0	This can be translated with an active verb. This is a command. By commanding that the waters gather together, God made them gather together. Alternate translation: “Let the waters … gather” or “Let the waters … come together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
24	1:9	iv2c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	let the dry land appear	0	The water had covered the land. Now the water would move aside and some of the land would be uncovered. This is a command. By commanding that dry land should appear, God made it appear. Alternate translation: “let dry land become visible” or “let the dry land become clear” or “let the land be uncovered” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
25	1:9	l151			dry land	0	This refers to land that is not covered with water. It does not refer to land that is too dry for farming.
26	1:9	ha33			It was so	0	“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning wherever it appears. See how you translated it in [Genesis 1:7](../01/07.md).
27	1:10	g6hl			the dry land “earth,” and	0	“the part that was dry ‘earth,’ and”
28	1:10	ey94			He saw that it was good	0	Here “it” refers to the land and the sea. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](../01/04.md).
29	1:11	d9q7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	Let the earth sprout vegetation	0	This is a command. By commanding that vegetation should sprout on the earth, God made it sprout. Alternate translation: “Let vegetation sprout up on the earth” or “Let vegetation grow on the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
30	1:11	q5yp			vegetation: plants yielding seed and fruit trees bearing fruit	0	“vegetation, each plant that bears seed and each tree that bears fruit” or “vegetation. Let them be plants that produce seeds and fruit trees that produce fruit.” Here “vegetation” is used here as a general term that includes all plants and trees.
31	1:11	ssc1			plants	0	These are kinds of vegetation that have soft stems, rather than woody stems.
32	1:11	v3v1			fruit trees bearing fruit whose seed is in the fruit	0	“trees that bear fruit with seeds in them”
33	1:11	j3au			each according to its own kind	0	The seeds would produce plants and trees that would be like the ones they came from. In this way, the plants and trees would “reproduce themselves” .
34	1:11	fx6h			It was so	0	“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning wherever it appears. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:7](../01/07.md).
35	1:12	d6s3			God saw that it was good	0	Here “it” refers to the vegetation, plants, and trees. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:10](../01/10.md).
36	1:13	ch8e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	evening and morning	0	This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
37	1:13	vw3s			the third day	0	This refers to the third day that the universe existed. See how you translated “the first day” in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way.
38	1:14	sr8w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	Let there be lights in the sky	0	This is a command. By commanding that lights should exist, God made them exist. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
39	1:14	g95y			lights in the sky	0	“things that shine in the sky” or “things that give light in the sky.” This refers to the sun, moon, and stars.
40	1:14	t7b1			in the sky	0	“in the expanse of the sky” or “in the large space of the sky”
41	1:14	uw3r			to divide the day from the night	0	“to separate the day from the night.” This means “to help us tell the difference between day and night.” The sun means it is daytime, and the moon and stars mean it is nighttime.
42	1:14	m2r4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	let them be as signs	0	This is a command. By commanding that they should serve as signs, God made them serve as signs. Alternate translation: “Let them serve as signs” or “let them show” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
43	1:14	e4bt			signs	0	Here this means something that reveals or points to something.
44	1:14	x7vq			for seasons, for days and years	0	The sun, moon, and stars show the passing of time. This enables us to know when it is time for events that happen each week, month, or year.
45	1:14	ln32			seasons	0	times that are set aside for festivals and other things that people do
46	1:15	q4ne		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	Let them be lights in the sky to give light upon the earth	0	This is a command. By commanding that they should light the earth, God made them light the earth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
47	1:15	p48m			to give light upon the earth	0	“to shine light on the earth” or “to brighten the earth.” The earth does not self-shine but it is lit and so reflects light.
48	1:15	y2g4			It was so	0	“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:7](../01/07.md).
49	1:16	p5cz			God made the two great lights	0	“In this way God made the two great lights.” This sentence explains what God did when he spoke.
50	1:16	z4uy			the two great lights	0	“the two large lights” or “the two bright lights.” The two great lights are the sun and the moon.
51	1:16	byf5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	to rule the day	0	The lights that controlled the day are spoken of as if they were a human ruler that controlled what people do. Alternate translation: “to direct the daytime as a ruler directs a group of people” or “to mark the times of the day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
52	1:16	ce4u			day	0	This refers only to the daylight hours.
53	1:16	a3ky			the lesser light	0	“the smaller light” or “the dimmer light”
54	1:17	n5jb			in the sky	0	“in the heavens” or “in the open space of the sky”
55	1:18	uz9k			to divide the light from the darkness	0	“to separate the light from the darkness” or “to make it light at one time and dark at another.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](../01/04.md).
56	1:18	ugh9			God saw that it was good	0	Here “it” refers to the sun, moon, and stars. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](../01/04.md).
57	1:19	ds1l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	evening and morning	0	This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
58	1:19	ukw9			the fourth day	0	This refers to the fourth day that the universe existed. See how you translated “the first day” in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way.
59	1:20	uw3u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	Let the waters be filled with great numbers of living creatures	0	This is a command. By commanding that living creatures should fill the waters, God made them exist. Some languages may have one word that refers to all kinds of fish and sea animals. Alternate translation: “Let the waters be full of many living things” or “Let many animals that swim live in the oceans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
60	1:20	g6cj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	let birds fly	0	This is a command. By commanding that birds should fly, God made them fly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
61	1:20	p48l			birds	0	“animals that fly” or “flying things”
62	1:20	mqw4			the expanse of the sky	0	“the open space of the sky” or “the sky”
63	1:21	ks9m			God created	0	“In this way God created”
64	1:21	j9az			great sea creatures	0	“large animals that live in the sea”
65	1:21	hum1			after its kind	0	Living things of the same “kind” are like the ones they came from. See how you translated “kind” in [Genesis 1:11,12](./11.md).
66	1:21	p614			every winged bird	0	“every flying thing that has wings.” If the word for birds is used, it may be more natural in some languages to simply say “every bird,” since all birds have wings.
67	1:21	s322			God saw that it was good	0	Here “it” refers to the birds and the fish. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](../01/04.md).
68	1:22	y1bp			blessed them	0	“blessed the animals that he had made”
69	1:22	ti8f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Be fruitful and multiply	0	This is God’s blessing. He told the sea animals to produce more sea animals like themselves, so that there would be many of them in the seas. The word “multiply” explains how they are to be “fruitful.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
70	1:22	e4tn			multiply	0	increase greatly in number
71	1:22	lm9s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	Let birds multiply	0	This is a command. By commanding that birds should multiply, God made birds multiply. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
72	1:22	sg3v			birds	0	“animals that fly” or “flying things.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:20](../01/20.md).
73	1:23	kpz8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	evening and morning	0	This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
74	1:23	ne8k			the fifth day	0	This refers to the fifth day that the universe existed. See how you translated “the first day” in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way.
75	1:24	ke21		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	Let the earth produce living creatures	0	“Let the earth produce living things” or “Let many living animals live on the earth.” This is a command. By commanding that the earth should produce living creatures, God made the earth produce living creatures. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
76	1:24	x6eu			each according to its own kind	0	“so that each kind of animal will produce more of its own kind”
77	1:24	m1pi			livestock, creeping things, and beasts of the earth	0	This shows that God created all kinds of animals. If your language has another way of grouping all the animals, you can use that, or you can use these groups.
78	1:24	g2m4			livestock	0	animals that people look after
79	1:24	yk9w			creeping things	0	“small animals”
80	1:24	r6l3			beasts of the earth	0	“wild animals” or “dangerous animals”
81	1:24	l3v2			It was so	0	“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:7](../01/07.md).
82	1:25	m7h6			God made the beasts	0	“In this way God made the beasts”
83	1:25	s88h			He saw that it was good	0	Here “it” refers to the living creatures on the earth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](../01/04.md).
84	1:26	x8fd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	Let us make	0	The word “us” here refers to God. God was saying what he intended to do. The pronoun “us” is plural. Possible reasons for the plural use are (1) the plural form suggests that God is discussing something with the angels that make up his heavenly court or (2) the plural form foreshadows the later New Testament implications that God exists in the form of the Holy Trinity. Some translate it as “Let me make” or “I will make.” If you do this, consider adding a footnote to say that the word is plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
85	1:26	xk37			man	0	human beings
86	1:26	kt75		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	in our image, after our likeness	0	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God made mankind to be like him. This verse does not tell in what ways God made people to be like himself. God does not have a body, so it does not mean that people would look like God. Alternate translation: “to truly be like us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
87	1:26	st51			have dominion over	0	“rule over” or “have authority over”
88	1:27	qip4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	God created man & he created him	0	These two sentences mean the same thing and emphasize that God created people in his own image. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
89	1:27	r7sx			God created man	0	The way that God created man was different from the way he created everything else. Do not specify that he created man by simply speaking, as in the preceding verses.
90	1:28	uiq2			God blessed them	0	The word “them” refers to the man and woman God had created.
91	1:28	tfr1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Be fruitful, and multiply	0	God told the man and the woman to produce more people like themselves so that there would be many of them. The word “multiply” explains how they are to be “fruitful.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:22](../01/22.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
92	1:28	a7nj			Fill the earth	0	Fill the earth with people.
93	1:30	j3is			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nGod continues speaking.
94	1:30	vc53			every bird of the heavens	0	“all the birds that fly in the sky”
95	1:30	etp6			that has the breath of life	0	“that breathes.” This phrase emphasizes that these animals had a different kind of life than the plants. Plants do not breathe, and were to be used as food for the animals. Here “life” means physical life.
96	1:30	di9p			It was so	0	“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. See how you translated it in [Genesis 1:7](../01/07.md).
97	1:31	re3q			Behold, it	0	“This is true and important: it”
98	1:31	r2m5			it was very good	0	Now when God looked at everything he had made, it was “very good. “See how you translated “it was good” in [Genesis 1:10](../01/10.md).
99	1:31	stn7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	evening and morning	0	This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
100	1:31	vqp1			the sixth day	0	This refers to the sixth day that the universe existed. See how you translated “the first day” in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way.
101	2:intro	nfp7				0	# Genesis 02 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nGen. 2:1-3 ends the first creation account, begun in the previous chapter. The second creation account, beginning in 2:4, is very different, using a more natural, story-telling style instead of following a set formula using repeated phrases. Translators should try to imitate this difference in their versions.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The second creation account in Gen. 2:4-25\n\nGen. 2:4-25 presents an account of creation from a different viewpoint than the one given in Gen. 1:1-2:3. This second account should be regarded as filling out the first account, not as conflicting with it.\n\n### Yahweh, the name of God\n\n“Yahweh,” the personal name of God in the Old Testament, appears for the first time in this chapter. Translators must decide how to represent it in their versions. For 2,000 years, it has been traditional for many Christians to represent it with the term “the Lord.” Indeed, it is demanded by Roman Catholics for their Bible versions to continue doing this. Of course, the disadvantage of using “the Lord” is that this is a title for God, not a personal name. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]])\n\nTranslators who are not producing versions for Roman Catholics can consider transliterating the name “Yahweh,” approximating the name as best as their project languages allow.\n\nOr translators can consider using expressions for the supreme god that might exist in their project languages, such as, “The Great One,” “The Ruler of All,” “The One who Never Sleeps,” etc. Of course, these are descriptive titles, not personal names, so they suffer from the same disadvantages that “the Lord” has.\n\nTranslators can also consider pairing a transliteration of “Yahweh” with a meaningful title for the supreme god in the project language. Whatever solution is found should be followed consistently when the name “Yahweh” occurs in the Scriptures.\n\n### The Garden of Eden\n\nThis was not a vegetable garden or cultivated field. Instead, it was probably a large area of land with fruit trees and other plants bearing leaves, etc., that were good to eat. A river flowed out from the Garden of Eden, giving the impression that the Garden was a holy place; in the ancient Near East, temples had gardens and waterways. In Rev. 22:1-2, the throne of God in the New Jerusalem is pictured with a river flowing out from it. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
102	2:1	c32g			the heavens	0	“the sky” or “the skies”
103	2:1	u4a2			and all the living things that filled them	0	“and all the many living things that are in them” or “and all the crowds of living things in them”
104	2:1	yv5z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	were finished	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God had finished creating them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
105	2:2	hi76			On the seventh day God came to the end of his work	0	God did not work at all on the seventh day.
106	2:2	qf2n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	came to the end of	0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “had finished” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
107	2:2	a69h			he rested on the seventh day from all his work	0	“on that day he did not work”
108	2:3	k8jv			God blessed the seventh day	0	Possible meanings are (1) God caused the seventh day to produce good result or (2) God said that the seventh day was good.
109	2:3	k5p6			sanctified it	0	“set it apart” or “called it his own”
110	2:3	dc8y			in it he rested from all his work	0	“on it he did not work”
111	2:4	br8g			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThe rest of Genesis 2 tells about how God created people on the sixth day.
112	2:4	f65q			These were the events concerning the heavens and the earth	0	“This is the account of the heavens and the earth” or “This is the story about the heavens and the earth.” Possible meanings are (1) it is a summary of the events described in Genesis 1:1-2:3 or (2) it introduces the events described in Genesis 2. If possible, translate this so that people can understood it either way.
113	2:4	e8kg			they were created	0	“Yahweh God created them.” In chapter 1 the writer always speaks of God as “God,” but in chapter 2 he always speaks of God as “Yahweh God.”
114	2:4	j1fv			on the day that Yahweh God made	0	“when Yahweh God created.” The word “day” refers to the whole time span of the creation, not to just one particular day.
115	2:4	rpv8			Yahweh	0	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
116	2:5	s14i			No bush of the field	0	no shrubs growing in the wild that animals might eat
117	2:5	rk64			no plant of the field	0	no leafy plants like vegetables or greens that both animals and humans can eat
118	2:5	ef6d			to cultivate	0	to do everything he needed to do so that the plants would grow well
119	2:6	xfl8			mist	0	Possible meanings are (1) something like dew or morning fog o (2) springs from underground streams.
120	2:6	v3yt			the whole surface of the ground	0	the entire earth
121	2:7	id8h			formed man	0	“molded man” or “shaped man” or “created man”
122	2:7	dk8k			man & man	0	“a human being … the human” or “a person … the person” not specifically a male
123	2:7	hjr4			his nostrils	0	“his nose”
124	2:7	ix5v			breath of life	0	“breath that makes things live.” Here “life” refers to physical life.
125	2:8	ezu8			a garden	0	This could have been an orchard of fruit trees or an area with all kinds of trees.
126	2:8	mn4d			eastward	0	in the east
127	2:9	rq2t			the tree of life	0	“the tree that gives people life”
128	2:9	ff9d			life	0	Here this means “eternal life” or life that does not end.
129	2:9	p743			the tree of the knowledge of good and evil	0	“the tree that gives people the ability to understand both good and evil” or “the tree that makes people who eat its fruit able to know good things and bad things”
130	2:9	rp99		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	good and evil	0	This is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. Alternate translation: “everything, including both good and evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
131	2:9	r1nw			in the midst of the garden	0	“in the middle of the garden.” The two trees may not have been in the exact center of the garden.
132	2:10	qg1f			A river went out of Eden to water the garden	0	The garden was in Eden. The river continued to flow outside of Eden. “A river flowed through Eden to water the garden”
133	2:11	nw6i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Pishon	0	This is the only time this river is referred to in the Bible. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
134	2:11	k6gw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the whole land of Havilah	0	“the whole land called Havilah.” It was somewhere in the Arabian Desert. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
135	2:11	i82f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	where there is gold	0	This phrase gives information about Havilah. Some languages would translate it as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “There is gold in Havilah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
136	2:12	x7hc			There are also bdellium and the onyx stone	0	The word “there” is placed first in the sentence for emphasis. Alternate translation: “This is also where people can find bdellium and onyx stones”
137	2:12	zst7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	bdellium	0	This resin comes from a tree and smells nice. A resin is sticky stuff that comes out of some trees and can burn. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
138	2:12	eyf8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	the onyx stone	0	“onyx stones.” Onyx is a certain kind of beautiful stone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
139	2:13	tr82		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gihon	0	This is the only mention of this river in the Bible. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
140	2:13	lzz9			flows throughout the whole land of Cush	0	The river did not cover the whole land, but wound through various parts of the land.
141	2:13	hc9p			the whole land of Cush	0	“the entire land called Cush”
142	2:14	trw5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	which flows east of Ashur	0	“which flows in the land east of the city of Ashur.” The Tigris River flows from north to south. The phrase “which flows east of Ashur” gives information about where the Tigris River is. Some languages would translate it as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “It flows east of Ashur” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
143	2:15	js9w			the garden of Eden	0	“the garden that was in Eden”
144	2:15	e3ky			to work it	0	“to cultivate it.” This means to do everything necessary so that the plants will grow well.
145	2:15	r7v3			to maintain it	0	to guard against anything bad happening in it
146	2:16	c3wj			From every tree in the garden	0	“The fruit of every tree in the garden”
147	2:16	b9cu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	you	0	This pronoun is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
148	2:16	e4ij			may freely eat	0	“may eat without restriction”
149	2:17	ydc7			But from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you may not eat	0	These words complete the command that begins with the words “From every tree in the garden you may freely eat” in verse 15. In some languages, it may be more natural to say what is not permitted and to then say what is permitted, as in the UST.
150	2:17	l1vi			the tree of the knowledge of good and evil	0	“the tree that gives people the ability to understand both good and evil” or “the tree that makes people who eat its fruit able to know good things and bad things.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:9](../02/09.md).
151	2:17	up23			you may not eat	0	“I will not permit you to eat” or “you must not eat”
152	2:18	jeg8			I will make him a helper suitable for him	0	“I will make a helper who is just right for him”
153	2:19	sb6j			every animal of the field and every bird of the sky	0	The phrases “of the field” and “of the sky” tell where the animals and birds are usually found. Alternate translation: “all kinds of animals and birds”
154	2:20	f5az			all the livestock	0	“all the animals that people look after”
155	2:20	l5uf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	there was found no helper suitable for him	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “there was no companion that was right for him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
156	2:21	vnf4			caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man	0	“caused the man to sleep intensely.” A deep sleep is a time of sleeping in which a person is not easily disturbed or wakened.
157	2:21	m6wd			flesh	0	This refers to the soft parts of the body like skin and muscle.
158	2:22	i9u8			With the rib & he made a woman	0	“From the rib … he formed a woman.” The rib was the material God made the woman from.
159	2:23	i7j8			This time, this one is bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh	0	“Finally, this one’s bones are like my bones, and her flesh is like my flesh.” After looking among all the animals for a partner and not finding one, he finally saw someone who was like him and could be his partner. The man was probably expressing his feeling of relief and joy.
160	2:23	s44p			She will be called ‘woman,’ because she was taken out of man	0	The translator may want to write a footnote saying “The Hebrew word for ‘woman’ sounds like the Hebrew word for ‘man.’
161	2:24	yx3u			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nWhat follows is written by the author. The man did not say these things.
162	2:24	v11k			Therefore a man	0	“That is why a man”
163	2:24	ydt1			a man will leave his father and his mother	0	“a man will stop living in his father and mother’s home.” This is about men in general. It does not refer to any particular man at any particular time.
164	2:24	tr8p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	they will become one flesh	0	This idiom speaks of sexual activity as though the bodies that are together become one body. Alternate translation: “their two bodies will become one body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
165	2:25	h8mq			They were both naked	0	The word “they” refers to the man and the woman that God had created.
166	2:25	t8n2			naked	0	“not wearing clothing”
167	2:25	ir9e			but were not ashamed	0	“they were not ashamed about being naked”
168	3:intro	j7i3				0	# Genesis 03 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter continues the second creation account that began in Gen. 2:4. But a new section of this account begins in 3:1. The ULT reads, “Now the serpent was more shrewd than any other beast of the field which Yahweh God had made,” because this is how the Scriptures introduce the serpent into the account. However, many languages prefer different ways to introduce new characters or things into stories, for example, “One of the wild animals made by God was the serpent” or “This is about the serpent, one of the wild animals that God had made.”\n\nScholars typically refer to the events of this chapter as “the fall” or “the fall of man” because sin is introduced into creation. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Curses\n\nIn this chapter, God curses the man, the woman, and the serpent for their sins. In general, cursing is calling down God’s punishment on someone or something. In this chapter, however, it is God himself who is doing the cursing. Of course, he does not call down punishment on the man, the woman, and the serpent from someone else. Instead, he is promising that he himself will punish them. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])\n\n### Serpent\nMost scholars believe that the serpent is Satan, even though his name is not used in this chapter. There are other places in Scripture where the serpent is used as an image for Satan. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
169	3:1	m3hl			Now	0	The writer is beginning a new part of the story.
170	3:1	v5dp			more shrewd	0	“more cunning” or “smarter at getting what he wanted by telling lies”
171	3:1	bp3b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Has God really said, ‘You & garden’?	0	The snake is pretending to be surprised that God has made this rule. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am surprised that God said, ‘You … garden.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
172	3:1	t1qz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	You must not eat	0	The word “you” is plural and refers to the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
173	3:2	k94l			We may eat	0	“We are allowed to eat” or “We have permission to eat”
174	3:3	ujz2			but concerning the fruit & garden, God said, ‘You may not eat it, nor may you touch it, or you will die	0	These words are the end of Eve’s description of God’s command to them that begins with the words “We may eat” in verse 2. Eve told the serpent what God had permitted them to do first and then what God had told them not to do. Some languages would say what they were told not to do first and then say what they were allowed to do, as in the UST.
175	3:3	b76r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	You may not & nor may you & you will die	0	The word “you” is plural and refers to the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
176	3:3	n3h9			You may not eat it	0	“You must not eat it” or “Do not eat it”
177	3:3	dhv7			nor may you touch it	0	“and you must not touch it” or “and do not touch it”
178	3:4	fw9n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	You will & not die	0	These words refer to the man and the woman and so are dual or plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
179	3:5	rvj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	you & your & you	0	These words refer to the man and the woman and so are dual or plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
180	3:5	k8qs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	your eyes will be opened	0	“your eyes will open.” This idiom means “you will become aware of things” or “you will understand new things.” This meaning can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “It will be as though your eyes were opened” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
181	3:5	kv6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	knowing good and evil	0	Here “good and evil” is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. See how you translated “knowledge of good and evil” in [Genesis 2:9](../02/09.md). Alternate translation: “knowing everything, including both good and evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
182	3:6	n2vt			it was a delight to the eyes	0	“the tree was delightful to look at” or “it was nice to look at” or “it was very beautiful”
183	3:6	sw6q			that the tree was desirable to make one wise	0	“she wanted the tree’s fruit because it could make a person wise” or “she wanted its fruit because it could make her understand what was right and wrong just as God does”
184	3:7	yn1e			The eyes of both of them were opened	0	“Then their eyes opened” or “They became aware” or “They understood.” See how you translated “your eyes will be opened” in [Genesis 3:5](../03/05.md).
185	3:7	jp6y			sewed	0	put together, probably using vines as thread
186	3:7	y6l1			fig leaves	0	If people do not know what fig leaves are like, this can be translated as “large leaves from a fig tree” or simply “large leaves.”
187	3:7	l856		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	made coverings for themselves	0	They did this because they were ashamed. This implicit information can be made explicit if needed as in the UST. Alternate translation: “clothed themselves with them because they were ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
188	3:8	llf2			in the cool of the day	0	“at the time of day when a cool breeze blows”
189	3:8	gi6e			from the presence of Yahweh God	0	“from Yahweh God’s sight” or “so that Yahweh God would not see them” or “from Yahweh God”
190	3:9	c8sg			Where are you?	0	“Why are you trying to hide from me?” God knew where the man was. When the man answered, he did not say where he was but why he was hiding.
191	3:9	ijl7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	you	0	In verses 9 and 11, God was speaking to the man. Languages that have a singular form of “you” would use that here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
192	3:10	b8tp			I heard you	0	“I heard the sound you were making”
193	3:11	ujb1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who told you	0	God knew the answer to this question. He asked it in order to force Adam to confess that he had disobeyed God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
194	3:11	hny5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Have you eaten & from?	0	Again, God knew this had happened. Translate this question in a form that shows God was accusing Adam of disobedience. The sentence can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You must have eaten … from.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
195	3:13	fw79		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What is this you have done?	0	God already knew what the woman had done. When he asked this question, he was giving her the opportunity to tell him about it, and he was expressing his disappointment with what she had done. Many languages use rhetorical questions for scolding or rebuking. If possible, use a form that expresses this disappointment. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have done a terrible thing.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
196	3:14	w3bn			cursed are you alone	0	“you alone are cursed.” The word “curse” is first in Hebrew in order to emphasize the contrast between God’s blessing on the animals and this curse on the serpent. This is a “curse formula,” or the way that curses were expressed. By saying this curse, God made it happen.
197	3:14	x1b4			all the livestock and all the beasts of the field	0	“all domestic animals and all wild animals”
198	3:14	yxn7			It is on your stomach that you will go	0	“You will move along the ground on your stomach.” The words “it is upon your stomach” comes first to emphasize the contrast between the way other animals would move along using their legs and the way the serpent would slither along on its stomach. This is also part of the curse formula.
199	3:14	p527			it is dust that you will eat	0	“you will eat dust.” The words “it is dust” comes first to emphasize the contrast between the plants above the ground that other animals would eat and the dirty food on the ground that the serpent would eat. This is part of the curse formula.
200	3:15	gi4d			hostility between you and the woman	0	This means that the serpent and the woman would become enemies.
201	3:15	p95z			seed	0	The word “seed” refers to what a man puts into a woman to cause a baby to grow inside the woman. Like the word “offspring,” it can refer to more than one person. Try to find a word that is singular but can refer to more than one person.
202	3:15	iyz4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	He will bruise & his heel	0	The words “he” and “his” refer to the woman’s descendant. If “seed” was translated as plural, this can be translated as “they will bruise … their heel”; in this case, consider inserting footnotes to say that the “they” and “their” are used to translate a singular pronoun. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
203	3:15	k4z3			bruise	0	“crush” or “strike” or “attack”
204	3:16	hk7l			I will greatly multiply your pain	0	“I will make your pain increase much” or “I will make your pain to be very severe”
205	3:16	a74c			in having children	0	“in giving birth to children” or “when you give birth to children”
206	3:16	rt5m			Your desire will be for your husband	0	“You will have a strong desire for your husband.” Possible meanings are (1) “You will want very much to be with your husband” or (2) “You will want to control your husband”
207	3:16	mk2u			he will rule over you	0	“he will be your master” or “he will control you”
208	3:17	vtq5			Adam	0	The name Adam is the same as the Hebrew word for “man.” Some translations say “Adam” and some say “the man.” You may use either form as it refers to the same person.
209	3:17	f2pb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	you have listened to the voice of your wife	0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have obeyed what your wife said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
210	3:17	jl8p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	have eaten from the tree	0	You can say what it was that they ate. Alternate translation: “have eaten the fruit of the tree” or “have eaten some of the fruit of the tree” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
211	3:17	fhp5			You may not eat from it	0	“You must not eat from it” or “Do not eat its fruit”
212	3:17	rlw9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	cursed is the ground	0	The word “curse” comes first in the sentence to emphasize that the ground, which had been “good” ([Genesis 1:10](../01/10.md)), was now under God’s curse. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am cursing the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
213	3:17	zjr5			through painful work	0	“by doing hard work”
214	3:17	dg63		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you will eat from it	0	The word “it” refers to the ground and is a metonym for the parts of the plants, which grow in the ground, that people eat. Alternate translation: “you will eat what grows from it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
215	3:18	zc9v			the plants of the field	0	Possible meanings are (1) “the plants that you take care of in your fields” or (2) “the wild plants that grow in the open fields.”
216	3:19	kc7j			By the sweat of your face	0	“By doing hard work that makes your face sweat”
217	3:19	pl6i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	you will eat bread	0	Here the word “bread” is a synecdoche for food in general. Alternate translation: “you will eat food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
218	3:19	z9pa			until you return to the ground	0	“until you die and your body is put in the ground.” In some cultures, they put the bodies of people who have died in a hole in the ground. Man’s hard work does not end until the time of his death and burial.
219	3:19	hc39			For dust you are, and to dust you will return	0	“I made you from soil, so your body will become soil again.” Translate both occurrences of “dust” with the same word in order to show that man begins and ends in the same condition.
220	3:20	lzl1			The man	0	Some translations say “Adam.”
221	3:20	qic8			called his wife’s name Eve	0	“gave his wife the name Eve” or “named his wife Eve”
222	3:20	pn1z			Eve	0	Translators may write a footnote saying “The name Eve sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘living.’”
223	3:20	wq8p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	all the living	0	The word “living” refers to people. Alternate translation: “all people” or “all living people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
224	3:21	an9a			garments of skins	0	“clothing made out of animal skins”
225	3:22	ve6w			the man	0	Possible meanings are (1) God was referring to one human, the man, or (2) God was referring to humans in general, so this would mean the man and his wife. Even if God was speaking about one person, what he said applied to both of them.
226	3:22	gnj9			like one of us	0	“like us.” The pronoun “us” is plural. See how you translated “Let us make” in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md).
227	3:22	x7q6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	knowing good and evil	0	Here “good and evil” is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. See how you translated “knowledge of good and evil” in [Genesis 2:9](../02/09.md). Alternate translation: “knowing everything, including both good and evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
228	3:22	vz41		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	he must not be allowed	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not allow him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
229	3:22	qxt1			tree of life	0	“the tree that gives people life.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:9](../02/09.md).
230	3:23	t7zb			the ground from which he had been taken	0	“dirt because he had been taken from dirt.” This does not refer to the particular place on the land that the God took man from.
231	3:23	dri1			to cultivate	0	This means to what is needed so that plants grow well. See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:5](../02/05.md).
232	3:24	lwk4			So God drove the man out of the garden	0	“God forced the man to leave the garden.” This refers to the event in [Genesis 3:23](../03/23.md), where it says “Yahweh God sent him out of the garden of Eden.” God did not send the man out a second time.
233	3:24	jgc5			in order to guard the way to the tree of life	0	“in order to stop people from going to the tree of life”
234	3:24	uuj7			flaming sword	0	Possible meanings are (1) a sword that had flames coming from it or (2) a fire that was shaped like a sword. Languages that do not have swords could use another weapon such as a spear or arrow.
235	4:intro	a2f7				0	# Genesis 04 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nMost of the text in this chapter is prose, but 4:23-24 is poetry. If the translator should put these two verses into poetic form, or at least into elegant speech, different from the rest of the chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Vengeance\n\nThe theme of vengeance is important in this chapter. Ancient Hebrew society allowed for people to seek revenge if a relative was murdered. After Cain murdered his brother Abel, he thought that he would be helpless against this danger because he had been driven away from God’s protection. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])\n\nThe theme of vengeance continues with the words of Lamech, who had killed someone for injuring him:\n“I have killed a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me. If Cain is avenged seven times as much, truly Lamech will be avenged seventy-seven times as much” (Gen. 4:23b-24).
236	4:1	eg45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	The man knew Eve	0	This is a polite way of saying that the man had sexual relations with Eve. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
237	4:1	vph2			The man	0	“the human being” or “Adam”
238	4:1	l6v2			I have produced a man	0	The word for “man” typically describes an adult male, rather than a baby or child. If that would cause confusion, it could be translated as “manchild” or “boy” or “baby boy” or “son.”
239	4:1	g2tx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Cain	0	Translators may want to include a footnote that says “The name Cain sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘produce.’ Eve named him Cain because she produced him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
240	4:2	hv71			Then she gave birth	0	We do not know how much time passed between the births of Cain and Abel. They may have been twins, or Abel may have been born after Eve became pregnant again. If possible, use an expression that does not tell how much time passed.
241	4:2	bpy1			cultivated	0	This means he did everything he needed to do so that the plants would grow well. See how “cultivate” is translated in [Genesis 2:5](../02/05.md).
242	4:3	x19b			It came about that	0	This phrase is used to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using that method here.
243	4:3	pvj2			in the course of time	0	Possible meanings are (1) “after some time had passed” or (2) “at the right time”
244	4:3	ph1l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	fruit of the ground	0	This refers to the food that came from plants he had tended. Alternate translation: “crops” or “harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
245	4:4	zq2f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	some of the fat	0	This refers to the fatty parts of the lambs that he had killed, it was the best part of the animal. Alternate translation: “some of their fat parts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
246	4:4	mi4f			accepted	0	“looked favorably upon” or “was pleased with”
247	4:5	rcs4			did not accept	0	“did not look favorably upon” or “was not pleased with”
248	4:5	dyg6			was very angry	0	Some languages have an idiom for anger such as “He burned” or “His anger burned.”
249	4:5	bwt7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	he scowled	0	This means that the expression on his face showed that he was angry or jealous. Some languages have an idiom that describes what a person’s face looks like when he is angry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
250	4:6	pu1k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why are you angry and why are you scowling?	0	God used these rhetorical questions to tell Cain that he was wrong to be angry and scowl. They may also have been intended to give Cain an opportunity to confess that he was wrong. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
251	4:7	ln9v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	If you & will you not be accepted?	0	God used this rhetorical question to remind Cain of something Cain should have already known. Alternate translation: “You know that if you do what is right, I will accept you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
252	4:7	j7ks		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	But if you do not & you must rule over it	0	God speaks of sin as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “But if you do not do what is right, you will desire to sin even more, and then you will do sinful things. You must refuse to obey it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
253	4:7	eqb2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	sin crouches & to control you	0	Here sin is spoken of as a dangerous wild animal that is waiting for the chance to attack Cain. Alternate translation: “you will become so angry that you will not be able to stop sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
254	4:7	x8lx			sin	0	Languages that do not have a noun that means “sin” could translate this as “your desire to sin” or “the bad things you want to do.”
255	4:7	s7tk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	you must rule over it	0	Yahweh speaks of Cain’s desire to sin as if it were a person over whom Cain should rule. Alternate translation: “you must control it so you do not sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
256	4:8	n4x9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	Cain spoke to Abel his brother.	0	Some early translations tell explicitly what Cain said to his brother. You may want to do the same if it is present in your national version. Alternate translation: “Cain said to Abel his brother, ‘Let us go into the fields.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
257	4:8	h58l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	brother	0	Abel was Cain’s younger brother. Some languages may need to use the word for “younger brother.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
258	4:8	znp9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	rose up against	0	Standing up to fight against a person is an idiom for attacking him. Alternate translation: “attacked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
259	4:9	rc6x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Where is Abel your brother	0	God knew that Cain had killed Abel, but he asked Cain this question so that Cain would have to answer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
260	4:9	r4il		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Am I my brother’s keeper?	0	Cain used this rhetorical question so that he would not have to tell the truth. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not my brother’s keeper!” or “You know that taking care of my brother is not my job!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
261	4:10	fs9s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What have you done?	0	God uses a rhetorical question to rebuke Cain. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have done is terrible!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
262	4:10	epa5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Your brother’s blood is calling out to me	0	Abel’s blood is a metonym for his death, as if it were a person calling out for God to punish Cain. Alternate translation: “Your brother’s blood is like a person calling out to me to punish the person who killed him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
263	4:11	xi71		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Now cursed are you from the ground	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am cursing you so that you will not be able to grow food from the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
264	4:11	p2h4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	which has opened its mouth to receive your brother’s blood	0	God speaks of the earth as if it were a person who could drink Abel’s blood. Alternate translation: “which is soaked with your brother’s blood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
265	4:11	n89j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	from your hand	0	Here Cain is represented by his “hand,” to emphasize that he personally had killed his brother. Alternate translation: “that spilled when you killed him” or “from you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
266	4:12	s7z7			cultivate	0	This means to do everything necessary to do so that the plants would grow well. See how “cultivate” is translated in [Genesis 2:5](../02/05.md).
267	4:12	t858		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	it will not yield to you its strength	0	The ground is personified as if it were a person who loses strength. Alternate translation: “the ground will not produce much food for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
268	4:12	vn98		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	A fugitive and a wanderer	0	You can join these words together. Alternate translation: “A homeless wanderer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
269	4:14	e7mj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I will be hidden from your face	0	The term “your face” represents God’s presence. Alternate translation: “I will not be able to speak to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
270	4:14	qwi8			a fugitive and a wanderer	0	See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:12](../04/12.md)
271	4:15	zay8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	vengeance will be taken on him sevenfold	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will take vengeance on him seven times” or “I will punish that person seven times as severely as I am punishing you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
272	4:15	y97q			would not attack him	0	“would not kill Cain”
273	4:16	f6yy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	went out from the presence of Yahweh	0	Even though Yahweh is everywhere, this idiom speaks of Cain as though he went far away. Alternate translation: “went away from where Yahweh spoke to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
274	4:16	rx4d			Nod	0	Translators may add a footnote saying “The word Nod means ‘wandering.’”
275	4:17	s2i7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Cain knew his wife	0	This is a polite way of saying that Cain had sexual relations with his wife. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:1](../04/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
276	4:17	bf1z			He built a city	0	“Cain built a city”
277	4:18	n5ni		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	To Enoch was born Irad	0	It is implied that Enoch grew up and married a woman. Alternate translation: “Enoch grew up and married and became the father of a son whom he named Irad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
278	4:18	l1gq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Irad	0	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
279	4:19	bm1j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Adah & Zillah	0	women’s names (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
280	4:20	urt3			Adah	0	See how you translated this woman’s name in [Genesis 4:19](../04/19.md).
281	4:20	ll8c			He was the father of those who lived in tents	0	Possible meanings are (1) “He was the first person to live in a tent” or (2) “He and his descendants lived in tents.”
282	4:20	fpv4			who lived in tents who have livestock	0	people who both live in tents and also take care of animals
283	4:21	fv9d			He was the father of those who play the harp and pipe	0	Possible meanings are (1) “He was the first person to play the harp and pipe” or (2) “He and his descendants played the harp and pipe.”
284	4:22	m5qg			Zillah	0	See how you translated this woman’s name in [Genesis 4:19](../04/19.md).
285	4:22	n1k8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Tubal-Cain	0	the name of a man (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
286	4:22	c64b			the forger of tools of bronze and iron	0	“who made tools out of bronze and iron”
287	4:22	k7q7			iron	0	a very strong metal used to make tools and weapons.
288	4:23	p6mu			Adah & Zillah	0	See how you translated these women’s names in [Genesis 4:19](../04/19.md).
289	4:23	f7di		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	listen to my voice & listen to what I say	0	Lamech said the same thing twice for emphasis. His voice is a synecdoche for his whole person. Alternate translation: “listen carefully to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
290	4:23	pa9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me	0	Lamech killed only one person. These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the certainty of his action. Alternate translation: “a young man because he hurt me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
291	4:24	reh3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	If Cain is avenged seven times, then Lamech	0	Lamech knows that God will avenge Cain seven times. Alternate translation: “Since God will punish anyone who kills Cain seven times, Lamech” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
292	4:24	w88s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	then Lamech will be avenged seventy-seven times	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whoever kills me, God will punish seventy-seven times” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
293	4:24	mz2s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	seventy-seven	0	77 (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
294	4:25	g5y9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Adam knew his wife	0	This is a polite way of saying that Adam had sexual relations with his wife. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:1](../04/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
295	4:25	y7i8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	said, “God has given me another son	0	This is the reason that she named him Seth. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “explained, ‘God has given me another child” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
296	4:25	t9w6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Seth	0	Translators may add a footnote that says “This name sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘has given.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
297	4:26	aua4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	A son was born to Seth	0	This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Seth’s wife bore him a son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
298	4:26	i4rs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	to call on the name of Yahweh	0	This is the first time people called God by the name Yahweh. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “to worship God by using the name Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
299	5:intro	v62r				0	# Genesis 05 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter provides the first of many lists of descendants in the Bible. This is not a simple list, because the author makes comments about each person. Translators should format this text in the way that is clearest in the project language. Many may choose to introduce each new person in a separate paragraph, as the ULT and UST do.
300	5:1	wj9n			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThis is the beginning of the list of Adam’s descendants.
301	5:1	qwp1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	in his own likeness	0	This phrase means that God made mankind to be like him. This verse does not tell in what ways God made people to be like himself. God does not have a body, so it does not mean that people would look like God. See how “after our likeness” is translated in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md). Alternate translation: “to truly be like us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
302	5:2	j6nz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	when they were created	0	This can be made active. Alternate translation: “when he created them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
303	5:3	zcj2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	130	0	Translators may write the words “one hundred thirty.” (The ULT and the UST use numerals if the number has three or more words; they use words if a number has only one or two words.) (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
304	5:3	a62w			he became the father of a son	0	“he had a son”
305	5:3	al1g			in his own likeness, after his image	0	These two phrases mean the same thing. They are used as a reminder that God made man in his own image. See how you translated similar phrases in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md).
306	5:3	t33a			Seth	0	See how you translated this name in [Genesis 4:25](../04/25.md).
307	5:4	k8qg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	eight hundred	0	Translators may write the numerals “800.” (The ULT and the UST use numerals if the number has three or more words; they use words if a number has only one or two words.) (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
308	5:4	y8af			He became the father of more sons and daughters	0	“He had more sons and daughters”
309	5:5	j99s			then he died	0	This phrase will be repeated throughout the chapter. Use the ordinary word for “died.”
310	5:5	tw8v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	Adam lived 930 years	0	“Adam lived nine hundred and thirty years.” People used to live a very long time. Use your ordinary word for “years.” Alternate translation: “Adam lived a total of 930 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
311	5:6	r7dg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	105 years	0	“one hundred and five years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
312	5:6	lqy1			he became the father of Enosh	0	Here “father” means his actual father, not his grandfather. Alternate translation: “he had his son Enosh”
313	5:6	ek6r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Enosh	0	This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
314	5:7	t48l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	807 years	0	“eight hundred and seven years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
315	5:7	g73m			and became the father of more sons and daughters	0	“and had more sons and daughters”
316	5:8	sh2z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	Seth lived 912 years	0	“Seth lived nine hundred and twelve years.” Seth lived a total of 912 years. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
317	5:8	wqz6			then he died	0	This phrase is repeated throughout the chapter. Use the ordinary word for “died.”
318	5:9	qbk4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThe records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
319	5:9	es59		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	ninety years	0	“90 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
320	5:10	q4y5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	815 years	0	“eight hundred and fifteen years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
321	5:11	kjj5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	905 years	0	“nine hundred and give years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
322	5:12	s2nr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThe records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
323	5:12	xpk5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	seventy years	0	“70 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
324	5:13	n3df		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	840 years	0	“eight hundred and forty years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
325	5:14	k461		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	910 years	0	“nine hundred and ten years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
326	5:15	bi8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThe records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
327	5:18	hfg3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThe records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
328	5:21	i3dx			he became the father of Methuselah	0	“he had his son Methuselah”
329	5:21	se6e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Methuselah	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
330	5:22	w9tp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Enoch walked with God	0	To walk with someone is a metaphor for being in a close relationship with him. Alternate translation: “Enoch had a close relationship with God” or “Enoch lived in union with God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
331	5:22	bmi4			He became the father of more sons and daughters	0	“He had more sons and daughters”
332	5:23	rs6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	Enoch lived 365 years	0	“Enoch lived three hundred and sixty-five years.” Enoch lived a total of 365 years. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
333	5:24	nyq3			then he was gone	0	The word “he” refers to Enoch. He was no longer on earth.
334	5:24	lhk8			for God took him	0	This means that God took Enoch to be with himself (God).
335	5:25	y9rj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThe records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
336	5:25	nk49			Lamech	0	This Lamech is different from the Lamech in [Genesis 4:18](../04/18.md).
337	5:28	ljh7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	182 years	0	“one hundred and eighty-two years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
338	5:28	u994			became the father of a son	0	“had a son”
339	5:29	fk97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Noah	0	Translators may want to add a footnote that says: “This name sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘rest.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
340	5:29	lr8d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	from our work and from the painful labor of our hands	0	Lamech says the same thing twice to emphasize how hard the work was. Alternate translation: “from working so hard with our hands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
341	5:30	ah2j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	595 years	0	“five hundred and ninety-five years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
342	5:31	kv28		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	Lamech lived 777 years	0	“Lamech lived seven hundred seventy-seven years.” Lamech lived a total of 777 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
343	5:32	z148			he became the father of	0	“he had his sons.” This does not tell us whether the sons were born on the same day or in different years.
344	5:32	n65e			Shem, Ham, and Japheth	0	These sons may not be listed in the order of their birth. There is disagreement about which one was the oldest. Avoid translating this in a way that implies that the list is in the order of their ages.
345	6:intro	ak78				0	# Genesis 06 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nBeginning in 6:22, the author gives statements summarizing events he tells about again in the text that follows. In the next chapter, the author sometimes gives summary statements that introduce events for the first time. If these statements, and the surrounding events, are not carefully translated, readers can believe that the same events happened twice or three times instead of only one time. Translators should be careful not to give this impression.
346	6:1	x6gk			It came about	0	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
347	6:1	dj4v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	daughters were born to them	0	This can be active. Alternate translation: “the women bore daughters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
348	6:2	l1va			sons of God	0	Translators could add a footnote saying: “It is not clear whether this refers to heavenly beings or human beings. In either case, they were beings that God created.” Some believe these words refer to angels who rebelled against God, that is, evil spirits or demons. Others think this may refer to powerful political rulers, and others think this may refer to the descendants of Seth.
349	6:3	lz4s			My spirit	0	Here Yahweh is talking about himself and his spirit, which is the Spirit of God.
350	6:3	et8s			flesh	0	This means that they have physical bodies that will one day die.
351	6:3	pvv2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	They will live 120 years	0	“They will live one hundred and twenty years.” Possible meanings are (1) the normal lifespan of people would decrease to 120 years. Alternate translation: “They will not live more than 120 years” or (2) in 120 years everyone would die. Alternate translation: “They will live only 120 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
352	6:4	e44a			Giants	0	very tall, large people
353	6:4	ih17			This happened when	0	“The giants were born because”
354	6:4	et78			sons of God	0	See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:2](../06/02.md).
355	6:4	slb2			These were the mighty men of old	0	“These giants were the mighty men who lived long ago” or “These children grew to become the powerful fighters who lived long ago”
356	6:4	sk1e			mighty men	0	men who are courageous and victorious in battle
357	6:4	u34f			men of renown	0	“famous men”
358	6:5	q6rz			every inclination of the thoughts of their hearts	0	“everything their hearts wanted to think about”
359	6:5	id88		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the thoughts of their hearts	0	The writer speaks of the heart as if it were the part of the body that thinks. Your language may use a word other than “heart” to talk about the part of people that thinks. Alternate translation: “their inner, secret thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
360	6:6	mr7b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	it grieved him to his heart	0	The writer speaks of the heart as if it were the part of the body that feels sadness. Your language may use a word other than “heart” to talk about the emotions. Alternate translation: “he was very, very sad about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
361	6:7	tk23		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will wipe away mankind & from the surface of the earth	0	The writer speaks of God killing people as if God were wiping dirt off a flat surface. Alternate translation: “I will destroy mankind … so that there will not be any people on the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
362	6:7	if98		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	I will wipe away mankind whom I have created	0	Some languages would need to translate this as two sentences. Alternate translation: “I created mankind. I will wipe them away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
363	6:7	ss97			wipe away	0	“completely destroy.” Here “wipe away” is used in a negative sense, for God is talking about destroying the people because of their sin.
364	6:8	sc4m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Noah found favor in the eyes of Yahweh	0	The phrase “found favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “Yahweh looked favorably on Noah” or “Yahweh was pleased with Noah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
365	6:9	y7rc			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThis begins the story of Noah, which continues into chapter 9.
366	6:9	nwq5			These were the events concerning Noah	0	“This is the account of Noah”
367	6:9	eh9u			walked with God	0	See how you translated this in [Genesis 5:21](../05/21.md).
368	6:10	sf7p			Noah became the father of three sons	0	“Noah had three sons” or “Noah’s wife had three sons”
369	6:10	kk5r			Shem, Ham, and Japheth	0	Translators may add the following footnote: “The sons are not listed in the order in which they were born.”
370	6:11	ym2f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The earth	0	Possible meanings are (1) the people who lived on the earth or (2) “The earth itself.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
371	6:11	cmt9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	was corrupt	0	The people doing what is evil is spoken of as if they were food that has become rotten. Alternate translation: “was rotten” or “was completely evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
372	6:11	uj42			before God	0	Possible meanings are (1) “in God’s sight” or (2) “in the presence of Yahweh” as in [Genesis 4:16](../04/16.md).
373	6:11	taq9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	and it was filled with violence	0	The writer speaks of violence as if it were something that could be put into a container and of the earth as a container. Alternate translation: “and there were very many violent people on the earth” or “because it was full of people who did evil things to each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
374	6:12	j3ek			behold	0	The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
375	6:12	ut53		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	all flesh	0	Possible meanings for what “all flesh” represents are (1) all human beings or (2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
376	6:12	ds5x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	had corrupted their way	0	How a person behaves is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Alternate translation: “had stopped living the way God wanted” or “had behaved in an evil way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
377	6:13	qem8			all flesh	0	See how you translated these words in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md).
378	6:13	hw2i			the earth is filled with violence through them	0	“people everywhere on earth are violent”
379	6:13	tw4l			I will destroy them with the earth	0	“I will destroy both them and the earth” or “I will destroy them when I destroy the earth”
380	6:14	c3m5			an ark	0	This refers to a very large box that would be able to float on water even in a very bad storm. “a large boat” or “a ship” or “a barge”
381	6:14	m88q			cypress wood	0	People do not know exactly what kind of tree this was. “wood used for building boats” or “good wood”
382	6:14	a94b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	cover it with pitch	0	The reason for doing this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “spread pitch on it” or “paint tar on it” or “cover it with pitch to make it waterproof” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
383	6:14	ryf4			pitch	0	This is a thick, sticky or oily liquid that people put on the outside of a boat to stop water from going through gaps in the wood into the boat.
384	6:15	cz5l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance	cubits	0	A cubit was a unit of measure, a little less than half a meter long. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
385	6:15	xri9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance	three hundred cubits	0	“138 meters.” You may use the Hebrew measuring units from the ULT or the metric units from the UST or your own culture’s units if you know how they compare to the metric units. You may also write a footnote that says: “Three hundred cubits is about 138 meters.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
386	6:15	y496		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance	fifty cubits	0	“twenty-three meters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
387	6:15	u2h3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance	thirty cubits	0	“fourteen meters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
388	6:16	bv39			a roof for the ark	0	This was probably a peaked or slanted roof. Its purpose was to protect everything in the ark from the rain.
389	6:16	se34		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance	cubit	0	A cubit was a little less than half a meter long. See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:15](../06/15.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
390	6:16	ml4z			a lower, a second, and a third deck	0	“a lower deck, a middle deck, and an upper deck” or “three decks inside”
391	6:16	gl2q			deck	0	“floor” or “level”
392	6:17	f72f			Listen	0	God said this in order to emphasize that he would do what he was about to say. “Pay attention” or “Listen to what I am saying”
393	6:17	b6s7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	I am about to bring the flood of waters	0	In some languages it may b e better to say “to send” instead of “to bring. It is also possible to avoid the direction and say “to cause.” Alternate translation: “I am about to send a flood of waters” or “I am about to cause a flood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
394	6:17	h8ev		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	all flesh	0	Here “flesh” represents all physical beings, including humans and animals. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
395	6:17	jv7g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	that has in it the breath of life	0	Here “breath” represents life. Alternate translation: “that lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
396	6:18	ycd4			establish my covenant with you	0	“make a covenant between you and me”
397	6:18	uqa9			with you	0	with Noah
398	6:18	c9jq			You will come into the ark	0	“You will enter the ark.” Some translations say “You will go into the ark.”
399	6:19	gs78			Of every living creature of all flesh, two of every kind you must bring into the ark	0	“You must bring into the ark two of every kind of living creature”
400	6:19	x8zw			creature	0	an animal God created
401	6:19	v6ar			all flesh	0	See how you translated these words in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md).
402	6:20	v1mj			after their kind	0	“of each different kind”
403	6:20	ua1j			creeping thing of the ground	0	This refers to small animals that move on the ground .
404	6:20	b3i9			two of every sort	0	This refers to two of every kind of bird and animal.
405	6:20	f2s1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	to you	0	This refers to Noah and so is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
406	6:20	msl4			to keep them alive	0	“so you can keep them alive”
407	6:21	w126		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	yourself & you	0	These refer to Noah and are singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
408	6:21	bbh4			food that is eaten	0	“food that people and animals eat”
409	6:22	df5r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	So Noah did this. According to all that God commanded him, so he did	0	These two sentences mean the same thing. The second sentence explains the first and emphasizes that Noah obeyed God. These parallel sentences can be combined into one. Alternate translation: “So Noah did everything that God commanded him to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
410	7:intro	n23k				0	# Genesis 07 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nIn this chapter, the author continues his pattern of statements that summarize events already described, and of repeating events that have already happened. Again, careful translation is necessary so that readers do not think that the same events happened more than one time in the story. Special attention in this regard should be given to 7:5,10,13, and 17.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Clean animals and birds\n\nNoah sacrificed to Yahweh some of the “clean” animals and birds that he had with him (8:20). These were animals and birds that the Hebrew people would later consider to be fit to eat and to sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])\n\n### Water underneath and over the earth\n\nThe flood is presented as occurring because of rain pouring out of the sky and because of seawater rising from under the earth. This is because the ancient Hebrews pictured the earth as resting on top of the sea. They also pictured the sky as containing water above the earth that poured down through windows in the sky when God allowed it to rain. Translators should not try to change this picture in order to suit what readers believe about the world. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
411	7:1	n13c			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThe events in this chapter take place after Noah built the ark, gathered the food, and put it in the ark.
412	7:1	iml7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	Come & into the ark	0	“Enter … into the ark.” Many translations read “Go … into the ark.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
413	7:1	lh4z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	you	0	The word “you” refers to Noah and is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
414	7:1	jtj5			your household	0	“your family”
415	7:1	d59a			righteous before me	0	This means that God saw Noah as righteous.
416	7:1	c6rt			in this generation	0	This refers to all the people who were living at that time. Alternate translation: “among all the people who are now living”
417	7:2	qv8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	you will bring	0	“take.” Many translations read “you will take.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
418	7:2	j5le			clean animal	0	This was an animal that God allowed his people to eat and to sacrifice.
419	7:2	js39			animals that are not clean	0	These were animals that God did not allow people to eat or to sacrifice.
420	7:3	t2rp			to preserve their offspring	0	“so that they will have offspring that will live” or “so that, after the flood, animals will continue to live”
421	7:4	v9e3			forty days and forty nights	0	This was a full forty days. It was not a total of eighty days. Alternate translation: “forty days and nights”
422	7:4	ss6k			living	0	This refers to physical life.
423	7:6	a3lu			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nVerses 6-12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event.
424	7:6	y68j			came upon the earth	0	“happened” or “came on the earth”
425	7:7	jew8			because of the waters of the flood	0	“because of the flood that would come” or “to escape the flood water”
426	7:8	z9t2			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nVerses 6-12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event.
427	7:8	u2ij			clean animals	0	These were animals that God allowed people to eat and to give to him as sacrifices.
428	7:8	er9l			unclean animals	0	These were animals that God did not allow people to eat or to give to him as sacrifices.
429	7:9	ib15			two by two	0	The animals entered the boat in pairs of one male and one female.
430	7:10	z7w9			It came about that	0	This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story: the start of the flood. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
431	7:10	kkc2			after the seven days	0	“after seven days” or “seven days later”
432	7:10	uy9m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the waters of the flood came upon the earth	0	The implicit information, “it started to rain” can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “it started to rain and the waters of the flood came upon the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
433	7:11	gsi1			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nVerses 6-12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event.
434	7:11	ybc8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life	0	“When Noah was 600 years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
435	7:11	wi34		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month	0	Since Moses wrote this book, it is possible he is referring to the second month of the Hebrew calendar. But this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
436	7:11	m7m8			on the same day	0	This refers to the specific day when the rain began. This phrase emphasizes how all of these major events happened quickly when the time arrived.
437	7:11	tw87			the fountains of the great deep burst open	0	“water from under the earth rushed up to the earth’s surface”
438	7:11	nsh5			the great deep	0	This refers to the sea that was thought to be under the earth.
439	7:11	qtm7			the windows of heaven were opened	0	This refers to rain. It describes the sky as a ceiling that keeps the waters above it from falling down to the earth. When the windows, or doors, in the sky were opened, the water came down through them. Alternate translation: “the sky opened” or “the doors in the sky opened”
440	7:12	ri9c			rain	0	If your language has a word for a great amount of rain, it would be appropriate here.
441	7:13	dh5z			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nVerses 13-18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event.
442	7:13	yp26			On that very same day	0	“On that exact day.” This refers to the day that the rain started. Verses 13-16 tell what Noah did immediately before the rain began.
443	7:14	l52z			wild animal & livestock & creeping thing & bird	0	These four groups are listed to show that every kind of animal was included. If your language has another way of grouping all the animals, you can use that, or you can use these groups. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:24](../01/24.md).
444	7:14	ayv5			creeping thing	0	This refers to animals that crawl on the ground, like rodents, insects, lizards, and snakes.
445	7:14	v2bb			according to its kind	0	“so that each kind of animal will produce more of its own kind.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:24](../01/24.md).
446	7:15	i5qf			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nVerses 13-18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event.
447	7:15	pbr7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Two of all flesh	0	Here “flesh” represents animals. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
448	7:15	d2w3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in which was the breath of life	0	Here “breath” represents life. Alternate translation: “that lived” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
449	7:15	lgu4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	came to Noah	0	The word “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
450	7:15	uni5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	of all flesh	0	Here “flesh” represents animals. Alternate translation: “of every kind of animal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
451	7:16	j6fz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	after them	0	The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “after they entered the ark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
452	7:17	ea6p			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nVerses 13-18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event.
453	7:17	b3ji			the water increased	0	“the water became very deep.” This happened during the forty days while the water kept coming.
454	7:17	ww1c			lifted the ark	0	“it caused the ark to float”
455	7:17	n9ke			raised it above the earth	0	“causes the ark to rise up high over the ground” or “he ark floated on top of the deep water”
456	7:19	j266			The waters rose greatly on the earth	0	“The water totally overwhelmed the earth”
457	7:20	k8t7			fifteen cubits	0	“six meters.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:15](../06/15.md).
458	7:21	x8dz			moved upon	0	“moved about” or “roamed”
459	7:21	hq98			all the living creatures that lived in great numbers upon the earth	0	This refers to all the animals that move around on the ground in large groups.
460	7:22	wlj2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	who breathed the breath of life through their noses	0	Here “noses” represent the whole animal or human. Alternate translation: “everyone that breathed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
461	7:22	cdp8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the breath of life	0	The words “breath” and “life” represent the power that causes people and animals to be alive. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
462	7:23	ki1a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	So every living thing & was wiped out	0	If necessary, this can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So every living thing … perished” or “So the flood completely destroyed every living thing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
463	7:23	wvw2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	They were all destroyed	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God destroyed them all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
464	7:23	pnx5			from the earth	0	“so they were no longer on the earth”
465	7:23	drq1			those with him	0	“the people and animals that were with him”
466	7:23	g46l			were left	0	“remained” or “lived” or “remained alive”
467	8:intro	z61w				0	# Genesis 08 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:22, which is part of what Yahweh was telling Noah.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Flood waters\nThe waters receded after this great flood. Because there was so much water, and it came from God, it is described in a unique way.\n\n### The mountains of Ararat\nIt is unclear where Ararat was located. Many people believe it is located in the modern country of Turkey.
468	8:1	vs3j			considered Noah	0	“remembered Noah” or “decided to help Noah”
469	8:1	xtv9			ark	0	This refers to a very large box that would be able to float on water even in a very bad storm. See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:14](../06/14.md). Alternate translation: “a large boat” or “a ship” or “a barge”
470	8:2	zi8q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The fountains of the deep and the windows of heaven were closed	0	“The water stopped coming out of the ground and the rain stopped falling.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God closed the fountains of the deep and the windows of heaven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
471	8:2	p1zi			fountains of the deep	0	“water from under the earth.” See how this is translated in [Genesis 7:11](../07/11.md).
472	8:2	dh7e			the windows of heaven were closed	0	This refers to the rain stopping. It describes the sky as a ceiling that keeps the waters above it from falling down to the earth. When the windows, or doors, in the sky were closed, the water stopped coming through them. See how “the windows of heaven” is translated in [Genesis 7:11](../07/11.md). Alternate translation: “the sky closed” or “the doors in the sky closed”
473	8:4	te6b			came to rest	0	“landed” or “stopped on solid ground”
474	8:4	fi75		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month	0	Because Moses wrote this book, it is possible he is referring to the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
475	8:5	gf1v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	tenth month	0	Because Moses wrote this book, it is possible he is referring to the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
476	8:5	l1gg			On the first day of the month	0	“On the first day of the tenth month”
477	8:5	yhx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	appeared	0	This can be made more explicit: “appeared above the surface of the water.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
478	8:6	lmm4			It came about	0	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. Alternate translation: “It happened that”
479	8:6	k8bq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	It came about & the window of the ark which he had made	0	The phrase “which he had made” tells about the window. Some languages may need to make this phrase a separate sentence: “Noah had made a window in the boat. It came about after forty days that he opened the window” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
480	8:7	rm8x			raven	0	a black bird that eats mainly the flesh of dead animals
481	8:7	s2vc			it flew back and forth	0	This means that the raven kept leaving the boat and returning.
482	8:7	dn2u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	until the waters were dried up	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until the wind dried up the waters” or “until the waters dried up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
483	8:8	f1ln			he sent out a dove	0	If you use masculine pronouns for the word “dove,” you may need to insert Noah’s name here to avoid confusion: “Noah sent out a dove.”
484	8:9	r2x5			to rest her foot	0	“to land” or “to perch.” It means to land on something in order to rest from flying.
485	8:9	clq5			her foot & she returned & and brought her	0	The word “dove” is feminine in the author’s language. You could translate these phrases with the pronouns “its … it … it” or “his … he … him,” depending on how your language refers to a dove.
486	8:9	rst8			he & him	0	If you use masculine pronouns for the word “dove,” you may need to insert Noah’s name here to avoid confusion: “Noah sent out a dove,” “Noah stretched forth his hand,” etc.
487	8:10	p48z			He waited another seven days	0	“He again waited for seven days”
488	8:11	hjg1			Look	0	“Pay attention” or “This is important”
489	8:11	mc6s			a freshly plucked olive leaf	0	“a leaf that she had just plucked from an olive tree”
490	8:11	nbw2			plucked	0	“broken off”
491	8:12	x79p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	She did not return again to him	0	If people would not understand, you could state the reason explicitly: “She did not return again to him because she found a place to land.” (See:[[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
492	8:13	ejr2			It came about	0	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
493	8:13	nhb3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	in the six hundred and first year	0	“when Noah was 601 years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
494	8:13	k4h8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	the first month, on the first day of the month	0	Since Moses wrote this book it is possible he is referring to the first month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
495	8:13	dvf1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the waters were dried up from off the earth	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the waters covering the earth dried up” or “the wind dried up the waters covering the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
496	8:13	uyy6			the covering of the ark	0	This refers to a cover that kept the rain water from going into the ark.
497	8:13	l4nx			behold	0	The word “behold” tells us to pay attention to the important information that comes next.
498	8:14	afz6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	In the second month, on the twenty-seventh day of the month	0	“On the twenty seventh day of the second month.” This may refer to the second month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
499	8:14	tn29			the earth was dry	0	“the ground was completely dry”
500	8:16	k1zj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	Go out of	0	“Leave.” Some translations read “Come out.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
501	8:17	y1p1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	Take out	0	“Take.” Some translations read “Bring out.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
502	8:17	cg9q			every living creature of all flesh	0	“every kind of living creature.” See how “all flesh” is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md).
503	8:17	bv2p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	be fruitful and multiply	0	This is an idiom. See how this is translated in [Genesis 1:28](../01/28.md). God wanted the humans and animals to reproduce, so there would be many of them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
504	8:18	e5a9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	Noah went out	0	Some translations read “Noah came out.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
505	8:19	g5xb			according to their families	0	“in groups of their own kinds”
506	8:20	wu8x			built an altar to Yahweh	0	“built an altar dedicated to Yahweh” or “built an altar for worshiping Yahweh.” He may have built it with stones.
507	8:20	y625			clean animals & clean birds	0	Here “clean” means that God allowed these animals to be used in sacrifice. Some animals were not used for sacrifices and were called “unclean.”
508	8:20	t66t			offered burnt offerings	0	Noah killed the animals and then completely burned them up as an offering to God. Alternate translation: “burned the animals as offerings to Yahweh”
509	8:21	z8wm			pleasing aroma	0	This refers to the good smell of the roasted meat.
510	8:21	v91q			said in his heart	0	Here the word “heart” refers to God’s thoughts and emotions.
511	8:21	li87			curse the ground	0	“do very serious harm to the earth”
512	8:21	t7q2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	because of mankind	0	This can be made more explicit: “because mankind is sinful.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
513	8:21	k2f9			the intentions of their hearts is evil from childhood	0	“from their earliest years they tend to do evil things” or “when they are young, they want to do evil things”
514	8:21	i5xk			the intentions of their hearts	0	Here the word “hearts” refers to people’s thoughts, emotions, desires, and will. Alternate translation: “their tendency” or “their habit”
515	8:21	me8a			from childhood	0	This refers to an older child. Alternate translation: “from their youth”
516	8:22	t468			While the earth remains	0	“While the earth lasts” or “As long as the earth exists”
517	8:22	mwx9			seed time	0	“the season for planting”
518	8:22	v7fe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	cold and heat, summer and winter	0	These expressions both refer to two major weather conditions in the year. Translators may use local expressions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
519	8:22	wu43			summer	0	the hot, dry time of the year
520	8:22	t9hn			winter	0	the cool, wet or snowy time of the year
521	8:22	vy7b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	will not cease	0	“will not cease to exist” or “will not cease to occur.” This can be expressed in a positive manner. Alternate translation: “will continue” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
522	9:intro	at1n				0	# Genesis 09 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 9:6-7, which is the poetic part of the quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. They also set apart 9:25-27, which contains two quotations.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 9:6 and 9:25-27.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Man’s relationship to animals\nThere is a noticeable shift in man’s relationship with the animals on the earth. Before the flood, there apparently was harmony between man and the animals. After the flood, the animals fear man and man is permitted to eat the animals, something he was not allowed to do previously. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n### Life in the blood\nThis chapter introduces the concept that there is life in the blood of an animal and in man. In Hebrew thought, blood represents the life present in a living thing. This is an image used throughout Scripture. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]])\n\n### Covenant with Noah\nGod made a covenant with Noah. This covenant was an unconditional promise God made to never destroy the whole world with a flood. Rainbows are a perpetual sign of this covenant. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])\n\n### A father’s nakedness\nIn Noah’s culture, it was unacceptable to see a father’s nakedness. It was wrong for Ham to show his brothers their father’s nakedness. Ham’s actions were insulting or disrespectful. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “Be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth”\nThis is a command that God gives. He expects Noah to obey him.
523	9:1	bpc9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth	0	This is God’s blessing. He told Noah and his family to produce more humans like themselves, so that there would be many of them. The word “multiply” explains how they are to be “fruitful.” See how you translated these commands in [Genesis 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
524	9:2	e28l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The fear of you and the dread of you will be upon every living animal & and upon all the fish of the sea	0	The writer speaks of fear and dread as if they were physical objects that could be upon the animals. Alternate translation: “Every living animal … and all the fish of the sea will be dreadfully afraid of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
525	9:2	ax85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The fear of you and the dread of you	0	The words “fear” and “dread” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how afraid the animals will be of mankind. Alternate translation: “A dreadful fear of you” or “A terrible fear of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
526	9:2	gm7c			every living animal on the earth	0	This is the first of the four categories of animals that the writer lists, and not a summary of the rest of the animals that he mentions next.
527	9:2	qqp7			bird	0	This is a general term for things that fly. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:21](../01/21.md).
528	9:2	fhz4			upon everything that goes low on the ground	0	This includes all types of small animals. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:25](../01/25.md).
529	9:2	g7t3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	They are given into your hand	0	The hand represents control. This can be made active. Alternate translation: “They are given into your control” or “I have put them under your control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
530	9:3	gxp7			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nGod continues speaking to Noah and his sons.
531	9:4	s9mx			life & blood	0	Translators may add a footnote such as this: “The blood is a symbol for life.” They may also add a footnote that says something like this: “God was commanding people not to eat meat while the blood was still in it. They had to drain out the blood first.”
532	9:5	jd7y			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nGod continues speaking to Noah and his sons.
533	9:5	t1t8			But for your blood	0	This contrasts man’s blood with the blood of animals ([Genesis 9:4](../09/04.md)).
534	9:5	w9jw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	for your blood, the life that is in your blood	0	It is implied that the blood is shed, or poured out, or spilled out. Alternate translation: “if anyone causes your blood to pour out” or “if anyone spills your blood” or “if anyone kills you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
535	9:5	c5je			life	0	This refers to physical life.
536	9:5	sp2y			I will require payment	0	This payment refers to the death of the murderer, not to money. Alternate translation: “I will require anyone who kills you to pay”
537	9:5	f5z4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	from the hand	0	Here the word “hand” refers to the one who is responsible for something happening. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
538	9:5	ihu7			From the hand of every animal I will require it	0	“I will require any animal that takes your life to pay”
539	9:5	kr1g			From the hand of any man, that is, from the hand of one who has murdered his brother, I will require an accounting for the life of that man	0	“I will require anyone who takes the life of another person to pay”
540	9:5	hye6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	From the hand of	0	This phrase refers to the person in a very personal way. Alternate translation: “From that very man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
541	9:5	n71j			brother	0	Here “brother” is used as a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group.
542	9:6	ghj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Whoever sheds man’s blood, by man will his blood be shed	0	The shedding of blood is a metaphor for killing someone. This means that if a person murders someone, someone else must kill the murderer. However, “blood” is very significant in this passage and should be used in the translation if possible. Translate “sheds blood” with words that indicate a major loss of blood that causes death. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
543	9:6	pnh5			for it was in the image of God that he made man	0	“because God made people to be like him” or “because I made people in my own image”
544	9:7	r2cz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	be fruitful and multiply	0	This is God’s blessing. He told Noah and his family to produce more humans like themselves, so that there would be many of them. The word “multiply” explains how they are to be “fruitful.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
545	9:8	ra1n			Then God spoke to Noah and to his sons with him	0	God was already speaking to them. This phrase marks a change in what God was going to speak about. Alternate translation: “God continued speaking to Noah and his sons” or “Then God went on to say”
546	9:9	cpy2			As for me	0	This phrase is used in English to mark the change from God talking about what Noah and his sons must do to talking about what God would do.
547	9:9	maf2			confirm my covenant with you	0	“make a covenant between you and me.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:18](../06/18.md).
548	9:11	q967			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nGod continues speaking to Noah and his sons.
549	9:11	lay9			I hereby confirm my covenant with you	0	“By saying this, I make my covenant with you.” See how similar words are translated in [Genesis 6:18](../06/18.md).
550	9:11	zug5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	all flesh	0	Possible meanings for what “all flesh” represents are (1) all human beings or (2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. See how this is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
551	9:11	wr5z			Never again will there be a flood to destroy the earth	0	“There will never again be a flood that destroys the earth.” There would be floods, but they would not destroy the whole earth.
552	9:12	r1uh			sign	0	This means a reminder of something that was promised.
553	9:12	tl5l			covenant & for all future generations	0	The covenant applies to Noah and his family and also to all generations that follow.
554	9:14	l8xy			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nGod continues speaking to Noah and his sons.
555	9:14	s4e4			It will come about when	0	“Whenever.” It is something that would happen many times.
556	9:14	f9zr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the rainbow is seen	0	It is not clear who will see the rainbow, but because the covenant is between Yahweh and people, if you need to say who it is who will see the rainbow, it would be best to name both Yahweh and people. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people and I see the rainbow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
557	9:14	kg5c			rainbow	0	the colorful strip of light that appears in the rain when the sun shines from behind the viewer
558	9:15	i9p6			I will call to mind my covenant	0	This does not mean that God would first forget. Alternate translation: “I will think about my covenant”
559	9:15	d7pg			me and you	0	The word “you” is plural. God was speaking to Noah and Noah’s sons.
560	9:15	lk6n			every living creature of all flesh	0	“every kind of living being”
561	9:15	vn2n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	all flesh	0	Possible meanings for what “all flesh” represents are (1) all human beings or (2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. See how this is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
562	9:16	kbz5			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nGod continues speaking to Noah and his sons.
563	9:16	b2e4			in order to remember	0	“so that I will remember” or “so that I will think about”
564	9:16	kf45			between God and every living creature	0	God is speaking here. Alternate translation: “between me and every living creature”
565	9:16	m4th			every living creature of all flesh	0	“every kind of living being.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 9:15](../09/15.md).
566	9:17	x593			Then God said to Noah	0	God was already talking to Noah. This phrase marks the final part of what God was saying. Alternate translation: “God finished by saying to Noah” or “So God said to Noah”
567	9:18	n7g4			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nVerses 18-19 introduce the three sons of Noah, who will be an important part of the next story.
568	9:18	zxn9			father	0	Ham was Canaan’s true father.
569	9:20	bvi9			farmer	0	person who raises plants for food
570	9:21	d5k4			became drunk	0	“drank too much wine”
571	9:21	e6dg			uncovered	0	The text does not specify how much of Noah’s body was uncovered as he lay drunk. His sons’ reactions show us that it was shameful.
572	9:22	xd8e			his father	0	This refers to Noah.
573	9:24	ka8c			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nIn verses 25-27 Noah pronounced a curse on Ham’s son and blessings on Ham’s brothers. What Noah said about them also applied to their descendants, as shown in the UST. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in Noah’s curse and blessings in verses 25-27.
574	9:24	w9sj			awoke from his wine	0	He awoke after drinking wine and becoming drunk. He “became sober.”
575	9:24	y2mt			his youngest son	0	This refers to Ham. Alternate translation: “his youngest son, Ham”
576	9:25	tmj7			Cursed be Canaan	0	“I curse Canaan” or “May bad things happen to Canaan”
577	9:25	p9e7			Canaan	0	This was one of Ham’s sons. Alternate translation: “Ham’s son Canaan”
578	9:25	kp5y			a servant to his brothers’ servants	0	“the lowest servant of his brothers” or “the least important servant of his brothers”
579	9:25	ey5x			his brothers	0	This could refer either to Canaan’s brothers or to his relatives in general.
580	9:26	rx6d			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nIf you can, format these verses as they are formatted here to show your readers that this is poetry.
581	9:26	w1a7			May Yahweh, the God of Shem, be blessed	0	“Praised be Yahweh, the God of Shem,” or “Yahweh, the God of Shem, is worthy of praise” or “I praise Yahweh, the God of Shem”
582	9:27	s54q			May Canaan be his servant	0	“And let Canaan be Shem’s servant.” This includes Canaan’s and Shem’s descendants.
583	9:27	hh2y			May God extend the territory of Japheth	0	Possible meanings are (1) “May God make Japheth’s territory larger” or (2) “May God cause Japheth to have many descendants.”
584	9:27	bxj1			let him make his home in the tents of Shem	0	“let him leave peacefully with Shem.” This includes Japheth’s and Shem’s descendants.
585	9:27	x2sl			May Canaan be his servant	0	“Let Canaan be Japheth’s servant.” This includes Canaan’s and Japheth’s descendants.
586	10:intro	z42v				0	# Genesis 10 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a genealogical record. It also records the location of ancient people groups.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Assyria and Nineveh\nWhile these places may be located in the same area as the Assyria mentioned later in Scripture, they are not the same kingdom.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “Sons were born to”\nThis is an unusual phrase meaning “were sons of.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
587	10:1	h24x			These were the descendants of the sons of Noah	0	“This is the account of Noah’s sons.” This sentence introduces the account of Noah’s descendants in Genesis 10:1-11:9.
588	10:5	w1ea			From these the coastland peoples separated and went into their lands	0	“Javan’s sons and descendants separated and moved to the coastlands and islands”
589	10:5	pl9t			coastland peoples	0	This refers to people who lived along the coast and on the islands.
590	10:5	xw9u			their lands	0	“their homelands.” These are the places that the people moved to and lived in.
591	10:5	nhz9			every one with its own language	0	“Each people group spoke its own language” or “The people groups divided themselves according to their languages”
592	10:6	s5fj			Mizraim	0	Mizraim is the Hebrew name for “Egypt.”
593	10:8	f6b4			conqueror	0	Possible meanings are (1) “mighty warrior” or (2) “mighty man” or (3) “powerful ruler.”
594	10:9	k3vf			before Yahweh	0	Possible meanings are (1) “in Yahweh’s sight” or (2) “with Yahweh’s help”
595	10:9	ig4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs	That is why it is said	0	This introduces a proverb. Your language may introduce proverbs and sayings in a different way. Alternate translation: “This is the reason people say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
596	10:10	i218			The first centers	0	Possible meanings are (1) the first centers he developed or (2) the important cities.
597	10:11	ufj6			he went to Assyria	0	“Nimrod went into Assyria”
598	10:13	d3j7			Mizraim became	0	The list of Noah’s descendants continues.
599	10:13	yc8k			Mizraim	0	Mizraim was one of Ham’s sons. His descendants became the people of Egypt. Mizraim is the Hebrew name for Egypt.
600	10:16	l6at			Jebusites & Amorites & Girgashites	0	These names refer to larger groups of people that descended from Canaan.
601	10:19	h65z			border	0	line between one person’s land and another person’s land
602	10:19	vy73		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	from Sidon, in the direction of Gerar, as far as Gaza	0	The direction south can be stated explicitly if needed. Alternate translation: “from Sidon city in the north as far south as Gaza town, which is near Gerar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
603	10:19	rp9w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	as one goes toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboyim, as far as Lasha	0	The direction “east” or “inland” can be stated explicitly if needed. Alternate translation: “then east toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboyim towns, as far as Lasha” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
604	10:20	b2zq			These were the sons of Ham	0	The word “these” refers to the people and people groups who were listed in verses [Genesis 6-19](./06.md).
605	10:20	t4tj			by their languages	0	“broken up according to their different languages”
606	10:20	w46b			in their lands	0	“in their homelands”
607	10:24	ns9i			Arphaxad	0	Arphaxad was one of Shem’s sons.
608	10:25	a5uy			Peleg	0	Translators may add a footnote note that says: “The name Peleg means ‘division.’”
609	10:25	wad2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the earth was divided	0	This can be made active. Alternate translation: “the people of the earth divided themselves” or “the people of the earth separated from one another” or “God divided the people of the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
610	10:26	dqg8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Joktan	0	Joktan was one of Eber’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
611	10:29	n82g			All these	0	“These” here refers to the sons of Joktan.
612	10:30	s9ds			Their territory	0	“The land they controlled” or “The land they lived in”
613	10:31	s4mu			These were the sons of Shem	0	The word “these” refers to the descendants of Shem ([Genesis 10:21-29](./21.md)).
614	10:32	lws8			These were the clans	0	This refers back to all the people listed in [Genesis 10:1-31](./01.md).
615	10:32	rr78			according to	0	“listed by”
616	10:32	a96c			From these the nations separated and went over the earth	0	“From these clans the nations divided and spread over the earth” or “These clans divided from each other and formed the nations of the earth”
617	10:32	bp4b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	after the flood	0	This can be stated clearly or more explicitly. Alternate translation: “after the flood destroyed the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
618	11:intro	ecl3				0	# Genesis 11 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is a story traditionally referred to as the “Tower of Babel.”\n\nThis chapter seeks to answer the questions: why do people speak different languages? how did people become so dispersed across the earth? God’s punishment described in this chapter may also explain why the world has racial and ethnic divisions.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Age of people when they die\nAfter the flood, people began to live shorter lives. This chapter begins to record the shortening of the average lifespan.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Personification\nThe statement “Yahweh came down to see” is a type of personification. Yahweh always knows what happens on earth. This statement indicates that Yahweh is about to bring judgment on mankind. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “Let us build ourselves a city and a tower whose top will reach to the sky”\nThe people were very full of pride and rebelled against God in this action. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
619	11:1	ar7x			Now	0	This word shows that the writer is beginning a new part of the story.
620	11:1	gr4c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the whole earth	0	This represents all the people on the earth. Alternate translation: “all the people on the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
621	11:1	y7c6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	used one language and had the same words	0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that all people spoke the same language. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
622	11:2	c5a7			they journeyed	0	“they moved around”
623	11:2	p5qy			in the east	0	Possible meanings are (1) “in the east” or (2) “from the east” or (3) “to the east.” The preferred choice is “in the east” because Shinar is to the east of where scholars believe the ark came to rest.
624	11:2	a3c6			settled	0	stopped moving from one place to another and began to live at one location
625	11:3	mad2			Come	0	If your language has a way of urging or commanding people to begin work, like the English “Come on!” you might use it here.
626	11:3	z6gz			bake them thoroughly	0	People make bricks out of clay and heat them in a very hot oven to make them hard and strong.
627	11:3	ihz3			tar	0	a thick, sticky, black liquid that comes up from the ground
628	11:3	zxv1			mortar	0	This is a thick substance made of lime powder, clay, sand, and water used to make stones or bricks stick together.
629	11:4	nzr5			let us make a name for ourselves	0	“let us make our reputation great”
630	11:4	rxx9			name	0	reputation
631	11:4	ejq9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	we will be scattered	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we will separate from each other and live in different places” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
632	11:5	v8n7			the descendants of Adam	0	“the people”
633	11:5	t6pt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	came down	0	The information about where he came down from can be made explicit: “came down from heaven.” This does not tell how he came down. Use a general word meaning “came down.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
634	11:5	b3yl			to see	0	“to observe” or “to look more closely”
635	11:6	uzm2			one people with the same language	0	All the people were one big group and they all spoke the same language.
636	11:6	a83e			they are beginning to do this	0	Possible meanings are (1) “they have begun to do this,” meaning that they have begun to build the tower but it is not finished, or (2) “this is just the first thing they have done,” meaning that in future they will do greater things.
637	11:6	ux98		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	nothing that they intend to do will be impossible for them	0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “anything they intend to do will be possible for them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
638	11:7	i5gb			Come	0	If your language has a way of urging or commanding people to begin work, like the English “Come on!” you might use it here. See how this is translated in [Genesis 11:3](../11/03.md).
639	11:7	i17m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	let us go down	0	The word “us” is plural even though it refers to God. Some translate it as “let me go down” or “I will go down.” If you do this, consider adding a footnote to say that the pronoun is plural. See the note on “Let us make” in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
640	11:7	d22g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	confuse their language	0	This means that Yahweh would cause the people all over the earth to stop speaking the same language. Alternate translation: “mix up their language” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
641	11:7	plc4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	so that they may not understand each other	0	This was the purpose of confusing their language. Alternate translation: “so that they will not be able to understand what each other is saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
642	11:8	htq4			from there	0	“from the city”
643	11:9	m76d			its name was called Babel, because there Yahweh confused	0	The name “Babel” sounds like the word that means “confused.” Translators may want to add a footnote about this.
644	11:9	ppz1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	confused the language of the whole earth	0	It means that Yahweh caused the people all over the earth to no longer speak the same language. Alternate translation: “mixed up the language of the whole earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
645	11:10	jzy8			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThe rest of this chapter lists the line of Shem’s descendants down to Abram.
646	11:10	gq2u			These were the descendants of Shem	0	This sentence begins the list of Shem’s descendants.
647	11:10	n5un			flood	0	This is the flood from Noah’s time when people had become so evil that God sent a worldwide flood to cover the earth.
648	11:10	y7s3			became the father of Arphaxad	0	“had his son Arphaxad” or “his son Arphaxad was born”
649	11:10	b4lz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Arphaxad	0	a man’s name (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
650	11:10	ty5m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	a hundred & two	0	Translators may write the words or the numerals “100” and “2.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
651	11:11	ix9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	five hundred	0	Translators may write the words or the numeral “500.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
652	11:12	i93p			he became the father of Shelah	0	“his son Shelah was born”
653	11:12	i685		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Shelah	0	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
654	11:13	v9kr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	403 years	0	“four hundred and three years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
655	11:14	aht6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThe records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
656	11:16	nh92		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThe records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
657	11:18	t5j5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThe records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
658	11:20	zj9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThe records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
659	11:22	qv7c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThe records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
660	11:24	kk5d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThe records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
661	11:26	v3ui			Abram, Nahor, and Haran	0	We do not know the birth order of his sons.
662	11:27	sx61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Now these were the descendants of Terah	0	This sentence introduces the account of Terah’s descendants. Genesis 11:27-25:11 tells about Terah’s descendants, particularly his son Abraham. Alternate translation: “This is the account of Terah’s descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
663	11:28	qu78		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Haran died in the presence of his father Terah	0	This means that Haran died while his father was still living. Alternate translation: “Haran died while his father, Terah, was with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
664	11:29	qxs6			took wives	0	“married wives”
665	11:29	x1m2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Iskah	0	This is a female name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
666	11:30	s9v1			Now	0	This word is used to introduce new information about Sarai that will become important in later chapters.
667	11:30	yps7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	barren	0	This term describes a woman who is physically unable to conceive or bear a child. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
668	11:31	cu9g			his	0	Here the word “his” refers to Terah.
669	11:31	tj9e			Sarai his daughter-in-law, his son Abram’s wife	0	“his daughter-in-law Sarai, who was the wife of his son Abram”
670	11:31	h4pi			Haran & Haran	0	These are two different names and they are spelled differently in Hebrew. One refers to a person and the other refers to a city. (The “h” sound in the city’s name is louder than the “h” sound in the person’s name.) You might choose to spell them differently in your language to show this.
671	11:32	lt94		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	205 years	0	“two hundred and five years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
672	12:intro	b9wm				0	# Genesis 12 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Abram\nWhen God said, “Go from your country, and from your relatives,” he established several new people groups. These groups descended from Abram.\n\n### God’s covenant with Abraham\nGod made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “They will kill me”\nAbram was afraid the Egyptians would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Sarai to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Abram’s sister, they would have shown favor to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])
673	12:1	k9r8			Now	0	This word is used to mark a new part of the story.
674	12:1	d1lk			Go from your country, and from your relatives	0	“Go from your land, from your family”
675	12:2	hc9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will make of you a great nation	0	Here “you” is singular and refers to Abram, but Abram represents his descendants. Alternate translation: “I will start a great nation through you” or “I will make your descendants become a great nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
676	12:2	q7ai		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	make your name great	0	The word “name” represents the person’s reputation. Alternate translation: “make you famous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
677	12:2	jt28		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	you will be a blessing	0	The words “to other people” are understood. Alternate translation: “you will be a blessing to other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
678	12:3	xec4			whoever dishonors you I will curse	0	“I will curse whoever treats you in a shameful way” or “if anyone treats you as worthless, I will curse him”
679	12:3	cpj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Through you will all the families of the earth be blessed	0	This can be made active. Alternate translation: “I will bless all the families of the earth through you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
680	12:3	xd5b			Through you	0	“Because of you” or “Because I have blessed you”
681	12:5	lvz6			possessions	0	This includes animals and non-living property.
682	12:5	nv12			the people that they had acquired	0	Possible meanings are (1) “slaves that they had accumulated” or (2) “the people whom they had gathered to be with them.”
683	12:6	j4pb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Abram passed through the land	0	Only Abram’s name is mentioned because he was the head of the family. God had given him the command to take his family and go there. Alternate translation: “So Abram and his family went through the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
684	12:6	lgv1			the land	0	“the land of Canaan”
685	12:6	jvj4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the oak of Moreh	0	Moreh was probably the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
686	12:7	v6g3			Yahweh, who had appeared to him	0	“Yahweh, because he had appeared to him”
687	12:8	ln91			he pitched his tent	0	Abram had many people with him as he traveled. People who moved from place to place lived in tents. Alternate translation: “they set up their tents”
688	12:8	v6m1			called on the name of Yahweh	0	“prayed in the name of Yahweh” or “worshiped Yahweh”
689	12:9	vbq7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Then Abram continued journeying	0	You may need to make explicit that he took his tent with him. “Then Abram took his tent and continued journeying.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
690	12:9	t22q			toward the Negev	0	“toward the Negev region” or “toward the south” or “south to the Negev desert”
691	12:10	lv6b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	There was a famine	0	The crops did not grow well that season. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “There was a shortage of food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
692	12:10	c2c3			in the land	0	“in the area” or “in the land where Abram was living”
693	12:10	me1z			went down into	0	Possible meanings are (1) “went further south” or (2) “went away from Canaan into.” It would be best to translate this using your usual words for going from a higher place to a lower place.
694	12:12	hmn5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	they will kill me & you alive	0	The reason they would kill Abram can be made explicit: “they will kill me so that they can marry you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
695	12:13	sj7i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	so that my life will be spared because of you	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that, because of you, they will not kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
696	12:14	stl2			It came about that	0	Possible meanings are (1) This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts, and if your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here, or (2) “And that was what happened” .
697	12:15	cnd8			The princes of Pharaoh saw her	0	“Pharaoh’s officials saw Sarai” or “the king’s officials saw her”
698	12:15	n3fw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the woman was taken into Pharaoh’s household	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh took her into his household” or “Pharaoh had his soldiers take her into his household” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
699	12:15	hw84			the woman	0	Sarai
700	12:15	y2tk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Pharaoh’s household	0	Possible meanings are (1) “Pharoah’s family,” that is, as a wife, or (2) “Pharaoah’s house” or “Pharaoh’s palace,” a euphemism for Pharaoh making her one of his wives. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
701	12:16	m9jr			for her sake	0	“for Sarai’s sake” or “because of her”
702	12:17	kb9r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	because of Sarai, Abram’s wife	0	This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “because Pharaoh intended to take Sarai, Abram’s wife, to be his own wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
703	12:18	r9kt			Pharaoh summoned Abram	0	“Pharaoh called Abram” or “Pharaoh ordered Abram to come to him”
704	12:18	e9mt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What is this that you have done to me?	0	Pharaoh used this rhetorical question to show how angry he was about what Abram had done to him. It can also be stated as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You have done a terrible thing to me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
705	12:20	f2i8			Then Pharaoh gave orders to his men concerning him	0	“Then Pharaoh directed his officials concerning Abram”
706	12:20	edz8			they sent him away, along with his wife and all that he had	0	“the officials sent Abram away from Pharoah, with his wife and all his possessions”
707	13:intro	qch2				0	# Genesis 13 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Abram’s faith\nSince the land could not support both Lot’s and Abraham’s family, they each went their own way. Even though good land was not plentiful, Abraham allowed Lot to choose the better land because he trusted in God to fulfill his promises. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])\n\n### God’s covenant with Abram\n\nGod made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. This chapter continues the covenant which began in the previous chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Built an altar\nAbram would have built an altar in order to offer sacrifices to Yahweh. There is an implicit understanding that building an altar was an act of worship. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
708	13:1	sjz2			went up from	0	“left” or “departed from”
709	13:1	ige2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	went into the Negev	0	The Negev was a desert region in southern Canaan, west of Egypt. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “went back to the Negev desert” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
710	13:2	bty5			Abram was very rich in animals, in silver, and in gold	0	“Abram had many animals, much silver, and much gold”
711	13:2	lwq5			animals	0	“livestock” or “cattle”
712	13:3	rg7d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	He continued on his journey	0	Abram and his family traveled by stages, going from place to place. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “They continued on their journey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
713	13:3	vxf3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	to the place where his tent had been before	0	Translators may add a footnote that says “See Genesis 12:8.” The time of his travel can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “to the place where he had set up his tent before he went to Egypt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
714	13:4	h2ad			called on the name of Yahweh	0	“prayed in the name of Yahweh” or “worshiped Yahweh.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 12:8](../12/08.md).
715	13:5	br4w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now	0	This word is used to show what follows is background information to help the reader understand the events that follow. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
716	13:6	ash5			The land was not able to support them	0	There was not enough grazing land and water for all their animals.
717	13:6	k6zz			their possessions	0	This includes livestock, which need pasture and water.
718	13:6	y1wq			could not stay together	0	“could not live together”
719	13:7	e3n1			The Canaanites and the Perizzites were living in the land at that time	0	This is another reason that the land could not support them all.
720	13:8	rbt4			Let there be no strife between you and me	0	“Let’s not quarrel”
721	13:8	l2ht			strife	0	arguments or fights
722	13:8	ayp5			between your herdsmen and my herdsmen	0	“let’s stop the men who take care of our animals from quarreling”
723	13:8	l8eq			after all, we are family	0	“because we are family”
724	13:8	vz47			family	0	“kinsmen” or “relatives.” Lot was Abraham’s nephew.
725	13:9	n7k3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is not the whole land before you?	0	This rhetorical question can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “The whole land is available for you to use.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
726	13:9	av37			Go ahead and separate yourself from me	0	Abraham was speaking kindly to Lot and encouraging him to do something that would help them both. “Let’s separate.”
727	13:9	flm1			If you go to the left, then I will go to the right	0	Possible meanings are (1) “If you go one way, then I will go the other” or (2) “If you go to the north, I will go to the south.” Abram let Lot choose the part of the land he wanted, and Abram would take what remained.
728	13:10	v189			the whole plain of the Jordan	0	This refers to the general region of the Jordan River.
729	13:10	ve9r			was well watered	0	“had much water”
730	13:10	zs4c			like the garden of Yahweh, like the land of Egypt	0	“like the garden of Yahweh or like the land of Egypt.” These were two different places.
731	13:10	p9t9			the garden of Yahweh	0	This is another name for the garden of Eden.
732	13:10	v2iw			garden	0	Use the same word for “garden” as you used in [Genesis 2:8](../02/08.md).
733	13:10	z1zy			This was before Yahweh destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah	0	This anticipates something that would happen later. It is important here because it explains why Lot settled in a region that later was not fertile.
734	13:11	c5bb			the relatives	0	“the kinsmen” or “the families.” This refers to Lot and Abram with their households.
735	13:12	hc2t			Abram lived	0	“Abram made his home” or “Abram stayed”
736	13:12	cpm2			the land of Canaan	0	“the land of the Canaanites”
737	13:12	umy1			He set up his tents as far away as Sodom	0	Possible meanings are (1) “He set up his tents near Sodom” or (2) “He moved his tents around in an area that reached all the way to Sodom.”
738	13:14	y61m			after Lot had departed from him	0	“after Lot left Abraham”
739	13:17	xil7			walk through the length and breadth of the land	0	“walk around all over the whole land”
740	13:18	zy7q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mamre	0	This was the name of the man who owned the oak trees. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
741	13:18	is6e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hebron	0	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
742	13:18	xw41			an altar to Yahweh	0	“an altar for worshiping Yahweh”
743	14:intro	hz9l				0	# Genesis 14 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:19-20.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Names of places\nSometimes the names of places in Scripture are referred to by the name used during the time of the writer. For example, the location referred to as Dan was not yet known by that name because Dan had not yet come to live there. Moses, the author of Genesis, would have known this location as Dan.\n\n### Melchizedek\nMelchizedek was both a priest and a king. Because of this, he parallels the roles of Jesus. Melchizedek is an important figure in the book of Hebrews. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### God Most High\n\nMelchizedek worshiped the God Most High. This is probably a reference to the true and only God who created the heavens and the earth and came to be known as Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
744	14:1	zbz3			It came about	0	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
745	14:1	p95i			in the days of	0	“in the time of”
746	14:1	e5wj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Amraphel & Arioch & Kedorlaomer & Tidal	0	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
747	14:1	psb1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Shinar & Ellasar & Elam & Goiim	0	These are names of places. See how you translated “Shinar” in [Genesis 10:10](../10/10.md) (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
748	14:2	s6jz			they made war	0	“they went to war” or “they started a war” or “they prepared for war”
749	14:3	pdv2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	These latter five kings joined together	0	The information that their armies were with them can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “These latter five kings and their armies joined together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
750	14:4	vk6f			Twelve years they had served	0	The events in verses 4-7 happened before verse 3. Your language may have a way of showing this.
751	14:4	d7j6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	they had served Kedorlaomer	0	They probably had to pay him taxes and serve in his army. Alternate translation: “they had been under the control of Kedorlaomer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
752	14:4	m72u			they rebelled	0	“they refused to serve him” or “they stopped serving him”
753	14:5	k2wm			came and attacked	0	They did this because the other kings rebelled.
754	14:5	k3kf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the Rephaim & the Zuzites & the Emites	0	These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
755	14:5	kj3n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ashteroth Karnaim & Ham & Shaveh Kiriathaim	0	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
756	14:5	pm1u			Ham	0	This name in Hebrew is different from the name of Noah’s son, which is spelled the same way in English.
757	14:6	afr4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the Horites	0	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
758	14:6	m4dw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Seir & El Paran	0	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
759	14:6	s52t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	El Paran, which is near the desert	0	This phrase helps readers understand where El Paran was. It can be translated as a separate sentence if necessary. Alternate translation: “El Paran. El Paran is near the desert” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
760	14:7	my4b			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nVerses 8 and 9 repeats what was said in [Genesis 14:3](../14/03.md) and continues to tell what happened when the kings came together to fight.
761	14:7	rck2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	they turned and came	0	The word “they” refers to the four foreign kings who were attacking the region of Canaan. Their names were Amraphel, Arioch, Chedorlaomer, and Tidal. Alternate translation: “they turned and went” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
762	14:7	ed6d			the Amorites who lived in Hazezon Tamar	0	This phrase tells which Amorite people were defeated. There were other Amorite people who lived in other places.
763	14:8	pq4d			the king of Bela (also called Zoar)	0	The city of Bela was also called Zoar. This information could also be put at the end of the sentence. “the king of Bela went out and prepared for battle. Bela is also called Zoar.”
764	14:8	v7s3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	prepared for battle	0	“joined battle” or “drew up battle lines.” Some translators may need to also say that the armies fought, as the UST does in verse 9. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
765	14:9	uq5u			four kings against the five	0	Since the five kings were listed first, some languages might prefer to translate this as “five kings against four.”
766	14:10	yn7e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now	0	This word introduces background information about the valley of Siddim. Your language may have another way of introducing background information. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
767	14:10	u9qi			was full of tar pits	0	“had many tar pits.” These were holes in the ground that had tar in them.
768	14:10	f98l			tar	0	a thick, sticky, black liquid that comes up from the ground. See how this is translated in [Genesis 11:3](../11/03.md).
769	14:10	mp8k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah	0	Here the kings represent themselves and their armies. Alternate translation: the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah and their armies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
770	14:10	kj2n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	they fell in there	0	Possible meanings are (1) some of their soldiers fell in the tar pits or (2) the kings themselves fell in the tar pits. Since [Genesis 14:17](../14/17.md) says that the king of Sodom went to meet Abram, the first meaning is more likely correct. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
771	14:10	ern2			Those who were left	0	“Those who did not die in battle and did not fall in the pits”
772	14:11	rk4u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah	0	The words “Sodom” and “Gomorrah” are metonyms for the people who lived in those cities. Alternate translation: “the wealth of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah” or “the property of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
773	14:11	c7vp			their provisions	0	“their food and drink”
774	14:11	e6qg			went their way	0	“they went away”
775	14:12	g2sj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	they also took Lot, Abram’s brother’s son, who was living in Sodom, along with all his possessions	0	The phrases “Abram’s brother’s son” and “who was living in Sodom” remind the reader of things that were written earlier about Lot. Alternate translation: “they also took Lot, along with all his possessions. Lot was Abram’s brother’s son and was living in Sodom at that time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
776	14:13	w39m			One who had escaped came	0	“A man escaped from the battle and came”
777	14:13	g8u8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	He was living	0	“Abram was living.” This introduces background information. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
778	14:13	mmt3			were all allies of Abram	0	“were treaty-partners with Abram” or “had a peace agreement with Abram”
779	14:14	se1t			his relative	0	This is a reference to Abram’s nephew Lot.
780	14:14	wc3z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	318 trained men	0	“three hundred and eighteen trained men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
781	14:14	llz9			trained men	0	“men who were trained to fight”
782	14:14	gjn2			men who had been born in his house	0	“men who were born in Abram’s household.” They were children of Abram’s servants.
783	14:14	a2k3			pursued them	0	“chased them”
784	14:14	kgi3			Dan	0	This is a city in the far north of Canaan, far from Abram’s camp.
785	14:15	z2r4			He divided his men against them at night and attacked them	0	This probably refers to a battle strategy. “Abram divided the men into several groups, and they attacked their enemies from various directions”
786	14:16	fxf4			all the possessions	0	This refers to the things that the enemies had stolen from the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah.
787	14:16	qp8w			his goods	0	“Lot’s property that the enemies had stolen from Lot”
788	14:16	gt3k			as well as the women and the other people	0	“as well as the women and other people that the four kings had captured”
789	14:17	s822		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	returned	0	The implied information about where he was returning to can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “returned to where he was living” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
790	14:18	cz1b			Melchizedek, king of Salem	0	This is the first time this king is mentioned.
791	14:18	hqq1			bread and wine	0	People commonly ate bread and wine. See how you translated “bread” in [Genesis 3:19](../03/19.md) and “wine” in [Genesis 9:21](../09/21.md).
792	14:19	b6iz			He blessed him	0	King Melchizedek blessed Abram.
793	14:19	wnf1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Blessed be Abram by God Most High, Creator of heaven and earth	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May God Most High, the Creator of heaven and earth, bless Abram” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
794	14:19	z9ck			heaven	0	This refers to the place where God lives.
795	14:20	pvn4			God Most High, who has given	0	“God Most High, because he has given.” The phrase starting with “who has given” tells us something more about God Most High.
796	14:20	hyf9			Blessed be God Most High	0	This is a way of praising God. See how you translated “blessed be” in [Genesis 9:26](../09/26.md).
797	14:20	me4m			into your hand	0	“into your control” or “into your power”
798	14:21	yzi9			Give me the people	0	The phrase “the people” may refer to the people of Sodom that the enemies had captured. Abram rescued them when he rescued Lot.
799	14:22	pw78			I have lifted up my hand	0	This means “I have taken an oath” or “I have made a promise.”
800	14:24	fd75			I will take nothing except what the young men have eaten	0	“I take from you only what my young men have already eaten.” Abram was refusing to accept anything for himself, but acknowledged that the soldiers had eaten some of the supplies during the journey back to Sodom after the battle.
801	14:24	xk3g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the share of the men that went with me	0	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the share of the recovered property that belongs to the men who helped me get it back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
802	14:24	dn4x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Aner, Eshkol, and Mamre	0	These are the allies of Abram ([Genesis 14:13](../14/13.md)). Because they were Abram’s allies they fought battles alongside him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “my allies Aner, Eshkol, and Mamre” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
803	15:intro	b77u				0	# Genesis 15 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Inheritance\nIn the ancient Near East, a person’s children inherited the property and land of their parents. Abraham doubted the fulfillment of God’s covenant because he did not have any children to whom to give his land. This showed a lack of faith. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]],[[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])\n\n### Fulfilling a promise\nIn the ancient Near East, two people performed a similar sacrifice by dividing animals in half. It was a way to say to the other person, “may this happen to me if I do not fulfill my promise.” The event recorded here indicates that God will fulfill his promise and only he is responsible for bringing it about. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])\n\n### God’s covenant with Abraham\n\nGod made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. This covenant has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety.
804	15:1	u7m1			After these things	0	“These things” refers to when the kings fought and Abram rescued Lot.
805	15:1	y6sg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to Abram in a vision, saying, “Fear	0	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Abram in a vision. He said, ‘Fear” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Abram in a vision: ‘Fear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
806	15:1	f5jx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	shield & reward	0	God used these two metaphors to tell Abram about his character and his relationship to Abram. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
807	15:1	q9jg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I am your shield	0	Soldiers use a shield to protect themselves from their enemies. Alternate translation: “I will protect you like shield” or “I am your shield to protect you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
808	15:1	a84d			I am & your very great reward	0	Possible meanings are (1) “I myself will be all that you need” or (2) “I will give you all you need.”
809	15:1	d6eq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	reward	0	the result of a person’s actions. This seems to be a metonym for the gracious blessing God would give Abram. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
810	15:3	e54g			Abram said, “Since you have given me	0	“Abram continued speaking and said, ‘Since you have given me’”
811	15:4	ym81			Then, behold	0	The word “behold” emphasizes the fact that the word of Yahweh came to Abraham again.
812	15:4	a5xl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to him, saying, “This	0	The idiom “The word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this idiom in [Genesis 15:1](./01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave him a message. He said, ‘This” or “Yahweh spoke this message to him: ‘This” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
813	15:4	jf7t			This man	0	This refers to Eliezer of Damascus.
814	15:4	t2nt			the one who will come from your own body	0	“the one that you will father” or “your very own son.” Abram’s own son would become his heir.
815	15:5	rzc6			number the stars	0	“count the stars”
816	15:5	s2td			So will your descendants be	0	Just as Abram would not be able to count all the stars, he would not be able to count all his descendants because there would be so many.
817	15:6	wi6t			He believed Yahweh	0	This means he accepted and trusted what Yahweh said was true.
818	15:6	vu8m			he counted it to him as righteousness	0	“Yahweh counted Abram’s belief as righteousness” or “Yahweh considered Abram righteous because Abram believed him”
819	15:7	s8nq			I am Yahweh, who brought you out of Ur	0	Yahweh was reminding Abraham of what he had already done so that Abraham would know that Yahweh had the power to give Abram what he promised him.
820	15:7	vpc6			to inherit it	0	“to receive it” or “so that you will possess it”
821	15:8	xgm4			how will I know	0	Abram was asking for more proof that Yahweh would give him the land.
822	15:11	ej2r			the carcasses	0	“the dead bodies of the animals and birds”
823	15:11	ld5n			Abram drove them away	0	“Abram chased the birds away.” He made sure the birds did not eat the dead animals.
824	15:12	mt8x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Abram fell sound asleep	0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Abraham slept deeply” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
825	15:12	s67i			a deep and terrifying darkness	0	“an extreme darkness that terrified him”
826	15:12	t6p7			overwhelmed him	0	“surrounded him”
827	15:13	v3tk			strangers	0	people who are at home in one place but have to live in another place
828	15:13	ayu5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	will be enslaved and oppressed	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the owners of that land will enslave your descendants and oppress them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
829	15:14	u2c1			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nYahweh continued to speak to Abram while Abram dreamed.
830	15:14	chv9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will judge	0	Here “judge” is a metonym for what will happen after God makes the judgment. Alternate translation: “I will punish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
831	15:14	i1hs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	that they will serve	0	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “that your descendants will serve” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
832	15:14	i716		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	abundant possessions	0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “many possessions” or “great wealth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
833	15:15	zj2t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	you will go to your fathers	0	This is a polite way of saying “you will die.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
834	15:15	ce5w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	fathers	0	The word “fathers” is a synecdoche for all ancestors. Alternate translation: “ancestors” or “ancestral fathers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
835	15:15	m38i			you will be buried in a good old age	0	“you will be very old when you die and your family buries your body”
836	15:16	t8tm			In the fourth generation	0	Here one generation refers to a lifespan of 100 years. “After four hundred years”
837	15:16	kgu5			they will come here again	0	“your descendants will come back here.” Abraham’s descendants would come to the land where Abram was then living, the land that Yahweh had promised to give to him.
838	15:16	dfh5			has not yet reached its limit	0	“is not yet complete” or “will get much worse before I punish them”
839	15:17	bak2			behold	0	The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
840	15:17	dq6q			a smoking fire pot and a flaming torch passed between the pieces	0	God did this to show Abram that he was making a covenant with him.
841	15:17	b8ea			passed between the pieces	0	“passed through between the two rows of animal pieces”
842	15:18	jca2			covenant	0	In this covenant God promises to bless Abram, and he will continue to bless him as long as Abram follows him.
843	15:18	n51q			I hereby give this land	0	By saying this, God was giving the land to Abram’s descendants. God was doing this then, but the descendants would not go into the land until many years later.
844	15:19	z53u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the Kenites, the Kenizzites, the Kadmonites	0	These are the names of groups of people who lived in that land. God would allow Abraham’s descendants to conquer these people and take their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
845	15:20	s5a4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Rephaites	0	These are the names of groups of people who lived in that land. God would allow Abraham’s descendants to conquer these people and take their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
846	15:21	x8uz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Girgashites, and the Jebusites	0	These are the names of groups of people who lived in that land. God would allow Abraham’s descendants to conquer these people and take their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
847	16:intro	hcf5				0	# Genesis 16 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 16:11-12.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Plural marriage\nAbram married Hagar while he was also married to Sarai. Even though Abram had his wife’s permission, this was an immoral and sinful action. It also showed a lack of faith in God. Sarai quickly became jealous of Hagar. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
848	16:1	g63i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now	0	This word is used in English to introduce a new part of the story and background information about Sarai. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
849	16:1	qvt5			female servant	0	“slave-girl.” This type of slave would serve the woman of the household.
850	16:2	mi22			from having children	0	“from giving birth to children”
851	16:2	g7pn			I will have children by her	0	“I will build my family through her”
852	16:2	d65g			Abram listened to the voice of Sarai	0	“Abram did what Sarai said”
853	16:4	r8xr			she looked with contempt on her mistress	0	“she despised her mistress” or “she thought that she was more valuable than her mistress”
854	16:4	n3w5			her mistress	0	Here this refers to Sarai. A mistress has authority over her slave. Alternate translation: “her owner” or “Sarai”
855	16:5	zy8r			This wrong on me	0	“This injustice against me”
856	16:5	cs17			is because of you	0	“is your responsibility” or “is your fault”
857	16:5	pg3a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	I gave my servant woman into your embrace	0	Sarai used the word “embrace” here to refer to him sleeping with her. Alternate translation: “I gave you my servant so that you would sleep with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
858	16:5	da2j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	I was despised in her eyes	0	This can be active. Alternate translation: “she hated me” or “she began to hate me” or “she thought she was better than me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
859	16:5	yn9x			Let Yahweh judge between me and you	0	“I want Yahweh to say whether this is my fault or your fault” or “I want Yahweh to decide which one of us is right.” The phrase “to judge between” means to decide which person is right in a dispute between them.
860	16:6	xrl3			See here	0	“Listen to me” or “Pay attention”
861	16:6	dgm6			in your power	0	“under your authority”
862	16:6	j5i9			Sarai dealt harshly with her	0	“Sarai treated Hagar very badly”
863	16:6	t433			she fled from her	0	“Hagar fled from Sarai”
864	16:7	e27g			The angel of Yahweh	0	Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or (2) this was one of Yahweh’s angels or (3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “the angel of Yahweh” using the normal word that you use for “angel.”
865	16:7	w6d6			wilderness	0	The wilderness area she went to was a desert. Alternate translation: “desert”
866	16:7	y62e			Shur	0	This was the name of a place south of Canaan and east of Egypt.
867	16:8	mk7v			my mistress	0	Here this refers to Sarai. A mistress has authority over her slave. See how “her mistress” is translated in [Genesis 16:4](../16/04.md). Alternate translation: “my owner”
868	16:9	rqm5			The angel of Yahweh said to her	0	“The angel of Yahweh said to Hagar”
869	16:9	r9gt			your mistress	0	Sarai. See how “her mistress” is translated in [Genesis 16:4](../16/04.md).
870	16:10	km4g			the angel of Yahweh	0	See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](../16/07.md).
871	16:10	aa1h			the angel of Yahweh said to her, “I	0	When he said “I,” he was referring to Yahweh. When translating what is in the quote, do it as the angel of Yahweh did and use the word “I” when referring to Yahweh.
872	16:10	xr66			I will greatly multiply your descendants	0	“I will give you very many descendants”
873	16:10	sn9f			too numerous to count	0	“so many that no one will be able to count them”
874	16:11	ee9v			The angel of Yahweh	0	See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](../16/07.md).
875	16:11	mj7q			Behold	0	“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention”
876	16:11	qqh8			bear a son	0	“give birth to a son”
877	16:11	t29c			you will call his name	0	“you will name him.” The word “you” refers to Hagar.
878	16:11	x6x4			Ishmael, because Yahweh has heard	0	Translators may add a footnote that says “The name ‘Ishmael’ means ‘God has heard.’”
879	16:11	xmm5			affliction	0	She has been afflicted by distress and suffering.
880	16:12	rpu1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He will be a wild donkey of a man	0	This was not an insult. It may mean that Ishmael would be independent and strong like a wild donkey. Alternate translation: “He will be like a wild donkey among men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
881	16:12	vyt4			He will be hostile against every man	0	“He will be every man’s enemy”
882	16:12	j1p2			every man will be hostile to him	0	“everyone will be his enemy”
883	16:12	q8j2			he will live apart from	0	This can also mean “he will live in hostility with.”
884	16:12	ihy3			his brothers	0	“his relatives” or “the other members of his family”
885	16:13	t9b6			Yahweh who spoke to her	0	“Yahweh, because he spoke to her”
886	16:13	jsy3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do I really continue to see, & me?	0	Hagar used this rhetorical question to express her amazement that she was still alive even after she met God. People expected that if they met God, they would die. Here seeing represents living. Alternate translation: “I am surprised that I am still alive, … me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
887	16:14	ez2d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Therefore the well was called Beer Lahai Roi	0	Translators may add a footnote that says “Beer Lahai Roi means ‘the well of the living one who sees me.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
888	16:14	c8h8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	behold, it is between Kadesh and Bered	0	The word “behold” here draws attention to the fact that the well was in a place that the author and his readers knew. Alternate translation: “in fact, it is between Kadesh and Bered” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
889	16:15	x6tu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Hagar gave birth	0	Hagar’s return to Sarai and Abram is implict. You can make this more explicit. Alternate translation: “So Hagar went back and gave birth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
890	16:15	g9my			named his son, whom Hagar bore	0	“named his son by Hagar” or “named his and Hagar’s son”
891	16:16	cdy2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Abram was	0	This introduces background information about Abram’s age when these things happened. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
892	16:16	e7x4			bore Ishmael to Abram	0	This means “gave birth to Abram’s son, Ishmael.” The focus is on Abram having a son.
893	17:intro	ry14				0	# Genesis 17 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### “The father of a multitude of nations”\nAbram came to have many descendants. He had so many descendants that many of his immediate descendants became large people groups and nations.\n\n### God’s covenant with Abraham\n\nGod made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. It is important to note in this chapter that Isaac is the son who receives the promises associated with the covenant and not Ishmael. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])\n\n### Circumcision\nCircumcision was an unusual practice in the ancient Near East. It served to separate the Hebrew people from the rest of the world. This chapter records the beginning of this practice among Abraham and his descendants. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])\n\n### Name change\nIn Scripture, a change in name always occurs at a highly significant point in a person’s life. The beginning of the practice of circumcision was a significant event in the history of the Hebrew people.
894	17:1	e289			When Abram was ninety-nine years old	0	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
895	17:1	j61v			God Almighty	0	“the all-powerful God” or “the God who has all power”
896	17:1	cp7w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Walk before me	0	Walking is a metaphor for living, and “before me” or “in my presence” here is a metaphor for obedience. Alternate translation: “Live the way I want you to” or “Obey me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
897	17:2	e6dj			Then I will confirm	0	“If you do this, then I will confirm”
898	17:2	n6qi			I will confirm my covenant	0	“I will give my covenant” or “I will make my covenant”
899	17:2	x3wu			covenant	0	In this covenant God promises to bless Abram, but he also requires Abram to obey him.
900	17:2	qt2p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	multiply you exceedingly	0	Here “multiply you” is an idiom that means he will give him more descendants. Alternate translation: “greatly increase the number of your descendants” or “give you very many descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
901	17:3	m64l			Abram bowed low with his face to the ground	0	“Abram threw himself face down on the ground” or “Abraham immediately lay down with his face to the ground.” He did this to show that he respected God and would obey him.
902	17:4	j6m4			As for me	0	God used this phrase to introduce what he would do for Abram as part of his covenant with Abram.
903	17:4	x8l2			behold, my covenant is with you	0	The word “behold” here says that what comes next is certain: “my covenant is certainly with you.”
904	17:4	x5p4			the father of a multitude of nations	0	“the father of a great number of nations” or “the one after whom many nations name themselves”
905	17:6	qgt7			I will make you exceedingly fruitful	0	“I will cause you to have very many descendants”
906	17:6	z2ge			I will make nations of you	0	“I will cause your descendants to become nations”
907	17:6	u97r			kings will descend from you	0	“among your descendants there will be kings” or “some of your descendants will be kings”
908	17:7	qx71			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nGod continues speaking to Abraham.
909	17:7	nr7x			throughout their generations	0	“for each generation”
910	17:7	pbe9			for an everlasting covenant	0	“as a covenant that will last forever”
911	17:7	pr1d			to be God to you and to your descendants after you	0	“to be your God and your descendants’ God” or “covenant”
912	17:8	hur8			Canaan, for an everlasting possession	0	“Canaan, as an everlasting possession” or “Canaan, to possess forever”
913	17:9	x9sd			As for you	0	God uses this phrase to introduce what Abram would have to do as part of God’s covenant with him.
914	17:9	x8a9			keep my covenant	0	“observe my covenant” or “honor my covenant” or “obey my covenant”
915	17:10	jn4e			This is my covenant	0	“This is a requirement of my covenant” or “This is part of my covenant.” This sentence introduces the part of the covenant that Abram must do.
916	17:10	ib6l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Every male among you must be circumcised	0	This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “You must circumcise every male among you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
917	17:10	xjr3			Every male	0	This refers to human males.
918	17:11	j6pm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	You must be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin	0	Some communities may prefer a less descriptive expression such as “You must be circumcised.” If your translation of “be circumcised” already includes the word for “foreskin”, you do not need to repeat it. This can be made active. Alternate translation: “You must circumcise every male among you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
919	17:11	i3l8			the sign of the covenant	0	“the sign that shows that the covenant exists”
920	17:11	s7vs			the sign	0	Possible meanings are (1) “the sign” or (2) “a sign.” The first means that there was one sign, and the second means that there may have been more than one sign. Here the word “sign” means a reminder of something that God had promised.
921	17:12	t92x			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nGod continues speaking to Abraham.
922	17:12	xpc8			Every male	0	“Every human male”
923	17:12	ev7m			throughout your people’s generations	0	“in every generation”
924	17:12	ed5x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	him who is bought with money	0	This refers to slaves. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “any male that you buy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
925	17:13	fim6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	my covenant will be in your flesh	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will mark my covenant in your flesh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
926	17:13	ea1n			for an everlasting covenant	0	“as a permanent covenant.” Because it was marked in flesh, no one could easily erase it.
927	17:14	lpi7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	uncircumcised male who is not circumcised	0	This can be stated in active form, and you may leave out words that will give wrong meaning in your language. Alternate translation: “male whom you have not circumcised” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
928	17:14	any2			Any uncircumcised male & foreskin will be cut off from his people	0	Possible meanings are (1) “I will cut off any uncircumcised male … foreskin from his people” or (2) “I want you to cut off any uncircumcised male … foreskin from his people.”
929	17:14	pi4v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	cut off from his people	0	Possible meanings are (1) “killed” or (2) “sent away from the community.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
930	17:14	e2n7			He has broken my covenant	0	“He has not obeyed the rules of my covenant.” This is the reason that he would be cut off from his people.
931	17:15	w67t			As for Sarai	0	The words “As for” introduce the next person God talks about.
932	17:16	fpk7			I will give you a son by her	0	“I will make her bear a son for you”
933	17:16	g1ax			she will become the mother of nations	0	“she will be the ancestor of many nations” or “her descendants will become nations”
934	17:16	tb49			Kings of peoples will come from her	0	“Kings of peoples will descend from her” or “Some of her descendants will be kings of peoples”
935	17:17	cx58			said in his heart	0	“thought to himself” or “said to himself silently”
936	17:17	s8rv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Can a child be born to a man who is a hundred years old?	0	Abraham used this rhetorical question because he did not believe that this could happen. Alternate translation: “Surely a man who is a hundred years old cannot father a child!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
937	17:17	ewn1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How can Sarah, who is ninety years old, bear a son?	0	Again Abraham used a rhetorical question because he did not believe this could happen. The phrase “who is ninety years old” tells why Abraham did not believe that Sarah could bear a son. Alternate translation: “Sarah is ninety years old. Could she bear a son?” or “Sarah is ninety years old. Surely she could not bear a son!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
938	17:18	bc1n			Oh that Ishmael might live before you	0	“Please let Ishmael inherit the covenant that you have made with me” or “Perhaps Ishmael could receive your covenant blessing.” Abraham suggested something that he believed really could happen.
939	17:19	q8lt			No, but Sarah your wife will bear	0	God said this to correct Abraham’s belief that Sarah could not have a son.
940	17:19	u9hq			you must name him	0	The word “you” refers to Abraham.
941	17:20	l6cf			As for Ishmael	0	The words “As for” show that God is switching from talking about the baby that would be born to talking about Ishmael.
942	17:20	fvb5			Behold	0	“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
943	17:20	e3g9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	will make him fruitful	0	This is an idiom that means “will cause him to have many children.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
944	17:20	y6m2			will multiply him abundantly	0	“I will cause him to have many descendants”
945	17:20	ga2d			princes	0	“chiefs” or “rulers.” Ishmael’s twelve sons are different from the twelve sons of Jacob who were the fathers of the twelve tribes of Israel.
946	17:21	rwv4			But my covenant I will establish with Isaac	0	God returns to talking about his covenant with Abraham and emphasizes that he would fulfill his promise with Isaac, not with Ishmael.
947	17:22	m8vf			When he had finished talking with him	0	“When God had finished talking with Abraham”
948	17:22	sw9y			God went up from Abraham	0	“God left Abraham”
949	17:23	nxp3			every male among the men of Abraham’s household	0	“every human male in Abraham’s household” or “every male person in Abraham’s household.” It refers to human males of all ages: babies, boys, and men.
950	17:27	rgk6			including those born into the household and those bought with money from a foreigner	0	“This includes those who were born in his household and those he had bought from foreigners”
951	17:27	a2ym			those bought with money from a foreigner	0	This refers to servants or slaves.
952	17:27	xq3b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	those bought	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom he had bought” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
953	18:intro	ky5w				0	# Genesis 18 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Three men\nThe three men who visited Abraham were probably angels. This is evident from Abraham’s reaction to them. Also, it appears Abraham knew that he was speaking directly to Yahweh through these men. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/angel]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n### Disbelief\nWhen Sarah heard the news that she was going to have a baby, she laughed in disbelief because she was considered too old to have a baby. She also asked a rhetorical question in order to further show her disbelief. This would have been considered an insult to God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\nIn his exchange with God, Abraham did not show any sign of unbelief. Instead, he is asking God for mercy because he trusted in the character of God. He does not question God’s power to accomplish things as Sarah had done. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Sarah’s age\n\nIt should be apparent that Sarah was physically no longer able to have children because of her age. There is a natural period in a woman’s life when she stops being able to have children. The text assumes the reader understands that Sarah has already experienced this event. In English, this is called “menopause.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
954	18:1	a3at			Mamre	0	This was the name of the man who owned the oak trees.
955	18:1	ra4w			in the tent doorway	0	“at the opening of the tent” or “at the entrance of the tent”
956	18:1	u27f			heat of the day	0	“hottest time of day”
957	18:2	t35m			He looked up and, behold, he saw three men standing	0	“He looked up and saw, and behold, three men were standing”
958	18:2	m2pv			behold, he saw	0	“he was surprised because he saw”
959	18:2	xd3c			across from him	0	“nearby” or “there.” They were near him, but far enough away for him to run to them.
960	18:2	ygs8			bowed	0	This means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone.
961	18:3	cj7j			Lord	0	This is a title of respect. Possible meanings are (1) Abraham knew that one of these men was God or (2) Abraham knew that these men came on behalf of God.
962	18:3	s5jg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	if I have found favor in your sight	0	Here “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that the Lord is pleased with him, and “your sight” is a metaphor representing the Lord’s evaluation. Alternate translation: “if you have evaluated me and approve” or “if you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
963	18:3	i86z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	in your sight	0	Abraham is speaking to one of the men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
964	18:3	ie2s			do not pass by	0	“please do not keep on going past”
965	18:3	s6nr			your servant	0	“me.” Abraham refers to himself this way in order to show respect to his guest.
966	18:4	cs93		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Let a little water be brought	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let me bring you some water” or “My servant will bring you some water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
967	18:4	r83u			a little water	0	“some water.” Saying “little” was a polite way of showing generosity. Abraham would give them more than enough water.
968	18:4	c7uk			wash your feet	0	This custom helped tired travelers to refresh themselves after walking long distances.
969	18:5	p5cn			a little food	0	“some food.” Saying “little” was a polite way of showing generosity. Abraham would give them more than enough food.
970	18:5	rmc5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	your & you	0	Abraham speaks to all three of the men, so “you” and “your” are plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
971	18:6	gl4c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume	three seahs	0	about 22 liters (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
972	18:6	sbt6			bread	0	This bread was probably cooked quickly on a hot stone. It may have been flat or round like small loaves or rolls.
973	18:7	s4v8			he hurried	0	“the servant hurried”
974	18:7	hp5s			to prepare it	0	“to cut it up and roast it”
975	18:8	k6lz			curds	0	This refers to the solid part of fermented milk. It may have been yogurt or cheese.
976	18:8	c4vs			the calf that had been prepared	0	“the roasted calf”
977	18:8	pp29			before them	0	“before the three visitors”
978	18:9	eq6d			They said to him	0	“Then they said to Abraham”
979	18:10	gg9j			He said, “I will certainly return to you	0	The word “He” refers to the man whom Abraham called “Lord” in [Genesis 18:3](../18/03.md).
980	18:10	iwn6			in the springtime	0	“when this same season comes next year” or “about this time next year”
981	18:10	aas2			see	0	The word “see” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
982	18:10	qvh9			in the tent doorway	0	“at the opening of the tent” or “at the entrance of the tent”
983	18:12	u12x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	After I am worn-out and my master is old, will I now have this pleasure?	0	You may want to add “of having a baby.” Sarah used this rhetorical question because she did not believe that she could have a child. Alternate translation: “I cannot believe that I will experience the joy of having a child. My master is also too old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
984	18:12	m2nn			my master is old	0	This means “since my husband is also old.”
985	18:12	qrv3			my master	0	This is a title of respect that Sarah gave to her husband Abraham.
986	18:13	dfs6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why did Sarah laugh and say, ‘Will I really bear a child, when I am old’?	0	God used this rhetorical question to show that he knew what Sarah was thinking and that he was not pleased with it. He repeats Sarah’s rhetorical question ([Genesis 18:12](../18/12.md)) using different words. Alternate translation: “Sarah was wrong to laugh and say, ‘I will not bear a child because I am too old!’”(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
987	18:14	i13f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Is anything too hard for Yahweh?	0	“Is there anything that Yahweh cannot do?” Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were speaking of someone else to remind Abraham that he, Yahweh, is great and can do anything. Alternate translation: “There is nothing that I, Yahweh, cannot do!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
988	18:14	rd96			At the time appointed by me, in the spring	0	“At the time I have appointed, which is in the spring”
989	18:15	fc88			Then Sarah denied it and said	0	“The Sarah denied it by saying”
990	18:15	c49f			He replied	0	“Yahweh replied”
991	18:15	pq5b			No, you did laugh	0	“Yes, you did laugh.” This means “No, that is not true; you did in fact laugh.”
992	18:16	mtk2			to see them on their way	0	“to send them on their way” or “to say ‘Farewell’ to them.” It was polite to go some distance with guests as they were leaving.
993	18:17	z943		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Should I hide from Abraham what I am about to do	0	God used this rhetorical question to say that he was going to talk to Abraham about something very important and that it was best for him to do so. Alternate translation: “I should not and will not hide from Abraham what I am about to do” or “I should and will tell Abraham what I am about to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
994	18:18	e6qk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Should I hide” in verse 17 ends here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
995	18:18	h854		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	since Abraham & in him?	0	The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Should I hide” in verse 17 ends here. God uses this rhetorical question to say that he was going to talk to Abraham about something very important and that it was best for him to do so. “I should not and will not hide … since Abraham in him.” or “I should and will tell … since Abraham in him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
996	18:18	q36h			since & him?	0	“This is because … him”
997	18:18	e9uw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	all the nations of the earth will be blessed in him	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will bless all the nations of the earth through Abraham” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
998	18:18	i8b1			will be blessed in him	0	“will be blessed because of Abraham” or “will be blessed because I have blessed Abraham.” For translating “in him” see how you translated “through you” in [Genesis 12:3](../12/03.md).
999	18:19	pxl9			that he may instruct	0	“that he will direct” or “so that he will command”
1000	18:19	cwm4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	to keep the way of Yahweh & Yahweh may bring & he has said	0	Yahweh is speaking about himself as if he were another person. Alternate translation: “to obey what I, Yahweh, require … I, Yahweh, may bring … I have said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1001	18:19	ny3x			to keep the way of Yahweh	0	“to obey the commands of Yahweh”
1002	18:19	f8f7			to do righteousness and justice	0	“by doing righteousness and justice.” This tells how to keep the way of Yahweh.
1003	18:19	v4z4			so that Yahweh may bring upon Abraham what he has said to him	0	“so that Yahweh may bless Abraham just as he said he would.” This refers to the covenant promise to bless Abraham and make him a great nation.
1004	18:20	m237		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	the outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is so great	0	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “outcry” is expressed as the verb “accuse.” Alternate translation: “so many people have been accusing the people of Sodom and Gomorrah of doing evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1005	18:20	jp1b			their sin is so serious	0	“they have sinned so much”
1006	18:21	fb8x			I will now go down there	0	“I will now go down to Sodom and Gomorrah”
1007	18:21	lki8			go down there and see	0	“go down there to find out” or “go down there to decide”
1008	18:21	vp7m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	see the outcry & that has come to me	0	Yahweh speaks as if he knew about this matter because he had heard the cries and accusations coming from the people who had suffered. This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “outcry” is expressed as the verb “accuse.” Alternate translation: “as wicked as those who are accusing them say that they are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1009	18:21	vp4d			If not	0	“If they are not as wicked as the outcry suggests”
1010	18:22	ms2h			turned from there	0	“went out from Abraham’s camp”
1011	18:22	yxr6			Abraham remained standing before Yahweh	0	“Abraham and Yahweh remained together”
1012	18:23	b62y			approached and said	0	“approached Yahweh and said” or “stepped closer to Yahweh and said”
1013	18:23	g5he		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	sweep away	0	Abraham speaks of destroying people as if it were sweeping dirt with a broom. Alternate translation: “destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1014	18:23	awu4			the righteous with the wicked	0	“the righteous people with the wicked people”
1015	18:24	pb7k			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nAbraham continues talking to Yahweh.
1016	18:24	h4eu			Perhaps there are	0	“Suppose there are”
1017	18:24	dz9j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will you sweep it away and not spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous that are there?	0	Abraham was hoping that Yahweh would say, “I will not sweep it away.” Alternate translation: “I think you would not sweep it away. Instead, you would spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous that are there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1018	18:24	h8ks		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	sweep it away	0	“destroy it.” Abraham speaks of destroying people as if it were sweeping dirt with a broom. Alternate translation: “destroy the people who live there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1019	18:24	qq2a			not spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous that are there?	0	Abraham was hoping that God would say “I will spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous people there.”
1020	18:24	d8ui			spare the place	0	“let the people live”
1021	18:24	zj59			for the sake of	0	“because of”
1022	18:25	rj5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Far be it from you to do such a thing	0	Here “Far be it from you” is an idiom that means the person should never do something like that. Alternate translation: “I would never want you to do something like that” or “You should not want to do something like that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1023	18:25	re6w			such a thing, killing	0	“such a thing as killing” or “such a thing, that is, killing”
1024	18:25	hqx8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the righteous should be treated the same as the wicked	0	This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “you should treat the righteous the same way you treat the wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1025	18:25	m329		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will not the Judge of all the earth do what is just?	0	Abraham used this rhetorical question to say what he expected God to do. Alternate translation: “The Judge of all the earth will certainly do what is just!” or “Since you are the Judge of all the earth, you will surely do what is right!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1026	18:25	de6w			Judge	0	God is often referred to as a judge because he is the one perfect judge who makes the final decisions about what is right or wrong.
1027	18:27	dsz4			Look	0	The phrase “Look” here draws attention to the surprising information that follows.
1028	18:27	fax5			I have undertaken to speak	0	“Pardon me for being so bold as to speak to you” or “Excuse me for daring to speak”
1029	18:27	snd3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	to my Lord	0	Abraham shows his respect to Yahweh by speaking to Yahweh as if he were speaking to someone else. Alternate translation: “to you, my Lord” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1030	18:27	ew9k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	only dust and ashes	0	This metaphor describes Abraham as a human being, who will die and whose body will turn into to dust and ashes. Alternate translation: “only a mortal man” or “as unimportant as dust and ashes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1031	18:28	ln28			five less than fifty righteous	0	“only forty-five righteous people”
1032	18:28	zqs7			for lack of five	0	“if there are five fewer righteous people”
1033	18:28	n8tk			I will not destroy it	0	“I will not destroy Sodom”
1034	18:29	uj4n			He spoke to him	0	“Abraham spoke to Yahweh”
1035	18:29	hah3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	if there are forty found there	0	This can be translated in active form. You may have to fill in the ellipsis, “righteous people.” Alternate translation: “if you find forty righteous people there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1036	18:29	y28t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	for the forty’s sake	0	“for the sake of the forty” or “if I find forty there.” You may have to fill in the ellipsis, “righteous people.” Alternate translation: “for the sake of the forty righteous people” or “if I find forty righteous people there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1037	18:29	nup9			He replied	0	“Yahweh answered”
1038	18:29	tyh3			I will not do it for the forty’s sake	0	“I will not destroy the cities if I find forty righteous people there”
1039	18:30	vk5m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	thirty will be found there	0	This can be translated in active form. You may have to fill in the ellipsis, “righteous people.” Alternate translation: “you will find thirty righteous people there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1040	18:31	kep9			Look	0	The phrase “Look” here draws attention to the surprising information that follows.
1041	18:31	e1em			I have undertaken to speak	0	“Pardon me for being so bold as to speak to you” or “Excuse me for daring to speak.” See how this is translated in [Genesis 18:27](../18/27.md).
1042	18:31	un9p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	twenty will be found there	0	This can be translated in active form. You may have to fill in the ellipsis, “righteous people.” Alternate translation: “you will find twenty righteous people there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1043	18:31	s4zn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	for the twenty’s sake	0	“for the sake of the twenty” or “if I find twenty there.” You may have to fill in the ellipsis, “righteous people.” Alternate translation: “for the sake of the twenty righteous people” or “if I find twenty righteous people there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1044	18:32	a6tx			Perhaps ten will be found there	0	“Perhaps you will find ten righteous people there”
1045	18:32	q1p9			Perhaps ten	0	“Perhaps ten righteous people” or “ten good people”
1046	18:32	ak2y			Then he said	0	“And Yahweh answered”
1047	18:32	d335			for the ten’s sake	0	“if I find ten righteous people there”
1048	18:33	wum8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Yahweh went on his way	0	Here “went on his way” is an idiom that means he left, or he continued his journey. Yahweh appeared to Abraham in human form as a traveler. Alternate translation: “Yahweh departed” or “Yahweh continued on his journey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1049	19:intro	hb2x				0	# Genesis 19 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The evil desires of the Sodomites\nThe men of Sodom desired to forcibly have sexual relations with the angels who came to the city appearing as men. Such action is known as “rape.” Their desire was viewed as especially evil because Lot was obligated to protect his guests at all costs, even that of sacrificing his own children for his guests. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])\n\n### Hospitality\nHospitality, or being kind to a visitor, was very important in the Ancient Near East. Lot showed his guests loyalty by doing his utmost to protect them from the people of Sodom.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Contrasts\nIt is probable that Abraham’s faith and actions in chapter 18 are intended to contrast with the actions of the worldly Sodomites. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
1050	19:1	uh7h			The two angels	0	The two men who have gone to Sodom ([Genesis 18:22](../18/22.md)) are really angels.
1051	19:1	b4sb			the gate of Sodom	0	“the entrance to the city of Sodom.” The city had a wall around it, and people had to go through a gate to get into it. This was a very important place in a city. Important people often spent time there.
1052	19:1	ny92			bowed down with his face to the ground	0	He put his knees on the ground then touched his forehead and nose to the ground.
1053	19:2	t9qp			my masters	0	This was a term of respect Lot used for the angels.
1054	19:2	egr4			I urge you to turn aside into your servant’s house	0	“Please come and stay in your servant’s house”
1055	19:2	w78p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	your servant’s house	0	Lot refers to himself as their servant in order to show them respect. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1056	19:2	sp4m			wash your feet	0	People liked to wash their feet after traveling.
1057	19:2	sb2f			rise up early	0	“wake up early”
1058	19:2	a65m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	we will spend the night	0	When the two angels said this, they were referring only to themselves, not to Lot. The two of them planned to spend the night in the square. Some languages would use the exclusive form of “we” here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1059	19:2	r62b			town square	0	This is a public, outdoor place in the town.
1060	19:3	vnk8			they went with him	0	“they turned and went with him”
1061	19:4	lc42			before they lay down	0	“before the people in Lot’s house lay down to go to sleep”
1062	19:4	iw1t			the men of the city, the men of Sodom	0	“the men of the city, that is, the men of Sodom” or just “the men of the city of Sodom”
1063	19:4	gyq4			the house	0	“Lot’s house”
1064	19:4	vqe5			both young and old	0	“from the youngest to the oldest.” This means “men of all ages” and refers to the men of Sodom who were surrounding Lot’s house.
1065	19:5	cu4h			that came in to you	0	“that went into your house”
1066	19:5	jfu1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	we may know them	0	These words literally mean “we may know who they are,” but the men meant them as a euphemism for “we may have sexual relations with them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1067	19:6	k84s			after himself	0	“behind him” or “after he went through”
1068	19:7	tg28			I beg you, my brothers	0	“I plead with you, my brothers”
1069	19:7	s55m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	my brothers	0	Lot spoke in a friendly way to the men of the city hoping that they would listen to him. Alternate translation: “my friends” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1070	19:7	ur1w			do not act so wickedly	0	“do not do something so wicked” or “do not do such a wicked thing”
1071	19:8	bc5c			Look	0	“Pay attention” or “Look here”
1072	19:8	pb1n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	who have not known any man	0	This is a polite way of saying that the daughters had not had sexual relations with any man. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. See how you translated similar words in [Genesis 4:1](../04/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1073	19:8	jn4w			whatever is good in your eyes	0	“whatever you desire” or “whatever you think is right”
1074	19:8	nig7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	under the shadow of my roof	0	The two men were guests in Lot’s home, so he needed to protect them. The word “roof” is a synecdoche for the whole house and a metaphor for Lot protecting them. Alternate translation: “into my house, and God expects me to protect them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1075	19:9	k7mf			Stand back!	0	“Step aside!” or “Get out of our way!”
1076	19:9	sgx9			This one came here to live as a foreigner	0	“This one came here as an outsider” or “This foreigner came to live here”
1077	19:9	ym7y			This one	0	“Lot.” The men are speaking to each other. If this would be unclear in your language, you may have the men speak to Lot here, as in UST.
1078	19:9	c9uq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	and now	0	The speaker would not expect a foreigner to judge the people of that land. Alternate translation: “but even though he has no good reason to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1079	19:9	sa6c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	he has become our judge	0	Here “has become our judge” is an idiom that means Lot is acting as if he can tell the men what actions are right or wrong. Alternate translation: “he acts as if he has the authority to tell us what is right and what is wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1080	19:9	x79u			Now we	0	“Because you are telling us that what we are doing is wrong, we”
1081	19:9	xi8x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	we will deal worse with you than with them	0	The men are angry that Lot said, “Do not act so wickedly” ([Genesis 19:7](../19/07.md)), so they are threatening to act more wickedly than Lot had feared at first. Alternate translation: “we will act more wickedly with you than we will with them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1082	19:9	gdw3			They pressed hard against the man, against Lot, and came near to break down the door	0	Possible meanings are (1) “They kept coming closer to the man, to Lot, until they were close enough to break down the door” or (2) they physically pushed Lot up against the wall or door of the house and were about to break the door down.
1083	19:9	q8f7			the man & Lot	0	This is two ways of referring to Lot.
1084	19:10	u4re			But the men	0	“But Lot’s two guests” or “But the two angels”
1085	19:10	ri1g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the men reached out their hands and brought & them and shut	0	Your language may need to add that the men opened the door first. Alternate translation: ‘the men opened the door far enough so they could reach out their hands and pull … them, and then they shut” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1086	19:11	urq7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Lot’s visitors struck with blindness the men	0	The phrase “struck with blindness” is a metaphor; the visitors did not physically hit the men. Alternate translation: “Lot’s visitors blinded the men” or “they took away their sight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1087	19:11	kg3g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	both young and old	0	“men of all ages.” This merism emphasizes that the visitors blinded all the men. This could indicate social standing rather than age. Alternate translation: “both small and great” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1088	19:12	zat4			Then the men said	0	“Then the two men said” or “Then the angels said”
1089	19:12	pl2x			Do you have anyone else here?	0	“Are there any other members of your family in the city?” or “Do you have any other family members in this place?”
1090	19:12	k1l8			whoever you have in the city	0	“any other members of your family living in this city”
1091	19:13	zq54		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	we are about to destroy	0	The word “we” here is exclusive. Only the two angels would destroy the city; Lot would not destroy it. If your language has an exclusive form of “we,” use it here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1092	19:13	q8rc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	the accusations against it before Yahweh have become so loud	0	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “accusations” is expressed as a verb. See how similar words are translated in [Genesis 18:20](../18/20.md). Alternate translation: “so many people have been telling Yahweh that the people of this city are doing evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1093	19:14	pd6h			Lot went out	0	“So Lot left the house”
1094	19:14	cb3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	his sons-in-law, the men who had promised to marry his daughters	0	The phrase “the men who had promised to marry his daughters” explains what “sons-in-law” means here. Alternate translation: “the men who were going to marry his daughters” or “his daughters’ fiancés” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1095	19:15	ch9a			When the morning dawned	0	“Just before the sun came up”
1096	19:15	r4pf			Get going	0	“Go now”
1097	19:15	ta9n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	you are not swept away in the punishment of the city	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so Yahweh does not also destroy you when he punishes the people of this city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1098	19:15	nd8n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	not swept away in the punishment	0	God destroying the people of the city is spoken of as if a person were sweeping away dust. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1099	19:15	s4jw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	of the city	0	Here “city” stands for the people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1100	19:16	jp9l			But he lingered	0	“But Lot hesitated” or “But Lot did not start to leave”
1101	19:16	sa45			So the men grabbed	0	“So the two men grabbed” or “So the angels grabbed”
1102	19:16	jl9w			was merciful to him	0	“had compassion on Lot.” Yahweh is described as being “merciful” because he was sparing the lives of Lot and his family instead of destroying them when he destroyed the people of Sodom for the wrong they had done.
1103	19:17	z72f			When they had brought them out	0	“When the two men had brought Lot’s family out”
1104	19:17	is11		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Run for your lives!	0	This is a way of telling them to run so that they do not die. Alternate translation: “Run away and save your lives!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1105	19:17	wpz3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	Do not look back	0	The phrase “at the city” is understood. Alternate translation: “Do not look back at the city” or “Do not look back at Sodom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1106	19:17	hx63			on the plain	0	This means the plain of the Jordan River. This refers to the general region of the Jordan River.
1107	19:17	n2if		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	so you are not swept away	0	It is understood that they would swept away with the people of the city. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “or else God will destroy you along with the people of the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1108	19:17	c7y3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	not swept away	0	God destroying the people of the city is spoken of as if a person were sweeping away dust. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1109	19:19	q7pm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Your servant has found favor in your eyes	0	The phrase “found favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “You have been pleased with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1110	19:19	zq9l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Your servant has	0	Lot was showing respect by referring to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “I, your servant, have” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1111	19:19	hc7t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	you have shown me great kindness in saving my life	0	The abstract noun “kindness” can be stated as “kind.” Alternate translation: “you have been very kind to me by saving my life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1112	19:19	i5uv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	I cannot escape to the mountains, because the disaster will overtake me, and I will die	0	Being unable to get far enough away from Sodom when God destroys the city is spoken of as if “disaster” is a person that will chase and catch up with Lot. Alternate translation: “My family and I will certainly die when God destroys the people of Sodom, because the mountains are too far away for us to get there safely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1113	19:19	q5le		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	my life & I cannot escape & overtake me, and I will die	0	It is implied that Lot’s family would die along with him. Alternate translation: “our lives … we cannot escape … overtake us, and we will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1114	19:20	m8z1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	let me escape there (is it not a little one?), and my life will be saved	0	Lot used this rhetorical question to get the angels to notice that the city really is a small one. Alternate translation: “let me escape there. You can see how small it is. If you let us go there we will live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1115	19:20	c93m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	let me escape there	0	Lot’s full request can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “instead of destroying that city, let me escape there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1116	19:20	yx21		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	my life will be saved	0	It is implied that the lives of Lot’s family will be saved along with his. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that we will live” or “so that we will survive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1117	19:21	x14h			I am granting this request also	0	“I will do what you have asked”
1118	19:22	np4e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	cannot do anything	0	This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “cannot destroy the other cities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1119	19:22	y7sj			Zoar	0	Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Zoar sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘little.’ Lot called this town ‘little’ in Genesis 19:20.”
1120	19:23	z84a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The sun had risen upon the earth	0	“The sun had risen over the earth.” The phrase “upon the earth” can be left implicit as it is in the UST where it is not translated. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1121	19:23	zhv3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	when Lot reached Zoar	0	It is implied that Lot’s family is with him. Alternate translation: “when Lot and his family arrived at Zoar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1122	19:24	f7cp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh rained down upon Sodom and Gomorrah sulfur and fire from Yahweh out of the sky	0	The phrase “from Yahweh” stands for God’s power to cause the sulfur and fire to fall on the city. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused sulfur and fire to fall from the sky onto Sodom and Gomorrah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1123	19:24	c8se		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	sulfur and fire	0	These two words are used together to describe one object. Alternate translation: “burning sulfur” or “fiery rain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
1124	19:25	ubh2			those cities	0	This refers primarily to Sodom and Gomorrah, but also to three other towns.
1125	19:25	kx2i			the inhabitants of the cities	0	“the people who lived in the cities”
1126	19:26	pf2p			she became a pillar of salt	0	“she became like a statue of salt” or “her body became like a tall stone of salt.” Because she disobeyed the angel who told them not to look back at the city, God caused her to become something like a statue made out of rock salt.
1127	19:28	zp8y			behold	0	The word “behold” draws attention to the surprising information that follows.
1128	19:28	p62z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like the smoke of a furnace	0	This shows that it was a very large amount of smoke. Alternate translation: “like the smoke from a very large fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1129	19:29	vag9			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nVerse 29 is a summary of this chapter.
1130	19:29	tj4d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	God called Abraham to mind	0	This tells why God rescued Lot. To “call to mind” is a way of saying “remember.” This does not imply that God forgot about Abraham. It means he considered Abraham and had mercy on him. Alternate translation: “God thought about Abraham and had mercy on him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1131	19:29	h1uq			out of the midst of the destruction	0	“away from the destruction” or “away from danger”
1132	19:30	p16k			Lot went up from Zoar to live in the mountains	0	The phrase “went up from” is used because Lot went to a higher elevation in the mountains.
1133	19:31	me8w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	The firstborn & the younger	0	Here “firstborn” and “younger” are nominal adjectives that refer to Lot’s two daughters according to their birth order. Alternate translation: “Lot’s first daughter … Lot’s last daughter” or “The older daughter … the younger daughter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1134	19:31	xk1x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	to lie with us	0	These words are a euphemism for sexual relations. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1135	19:31	fm8h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	according to the way of all the world	0	Here “the world” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “as people everywhere do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1136	19:32	tlh6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	drink wine	0	It can be made explicit that their goal was to get him drunk. Alternate translation: “drink wine until he gets drunk” or “get drunk with wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1137	19:32	cr2n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	we will lie with him	0	To “lie with” someone is a euphemism for having sexual relations with that person. Alternate translation: “we will have sexual relations with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1138	19:32	j57q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	so that we may extend our father’s line	0	This speaks about giving Lot descendants as if his family were a line that they are making longer. Alternate translation: “so that we can bear children who will be our father’s descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1139	19:33	ufz5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	lay with her father	0	This is probably a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation:”had sexual relations with her father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1140	19:33	r7ai		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	when she lay down	0	Possible meanings are (1) these words are literal, a complement to “when she got up,” or (2) they are a euphemism for sexual relations. Alternate translation: “when she had sexual relations with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1141	19:34	pyk6			Let us make him drink wine & father’s line	0	See how you translated these phrases in [Genesis 19:32](./32.md).
1142	19:34	mb9p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	drink wine	0	It can be made explicit that their goal was to get him drunk. Alternate translation: “drink wine until he gets drunk” or “get drunk with wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1143	19:34	qf2v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	so that we may extend our father’s line	0	This speaks about giving Lot descendants as if his family were a line that they are making longer. Alternate translation: “so that we can bear children who will be our father’s descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1144	19:35	hm3h			So they made & or when she got up	0	See how you translated similar phrases in [Genesis 19:33](./33.md).
1145	19:35	l4nj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	lay with him	0	This is probably a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation:”had sexual relations with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1146	19:35	x62y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	when she lay down	0	Possible meanings are (1) these words are literal, a complement to “when she got up,” or (2) they are a euphemism for sexual relations. See how these words are translated in [Genesis 19:33](../19/33.md). Alternate translation: “when she had sexual relations with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1147	19:36	bq86			were pregnant by their father	0	“became pregnant by their father” or “conceived children with their father”
1148	19:37	ur5a			He became	0	“He is”
1149	19:37	u4u4			the Moabites of today	0	“the Moab people who are now living”
1150	19:37	lre9			of today	0	The word “today” refers to the time when the author of Genesis was living. The author was born and wrote this many years after Lot’s family lived and died.
1151	19:38	tbc3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ben-Ammi	0	This is a male name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1152	19:38	kpi7			the people of Ammon	0	“the descendants of Ammon” or “the Ammon people”
1153	20:intro	m5j1				0	# Genesis 20 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### “She is my sister”\nAbraham was afraid the people of Gerar would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Sarah to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Abraham’s sister, they would have shown favor to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Irony\nAbraham believed that the people of Gerar did not fear Yahweh, but when confronted by Yahweh, the king showed that he feared Yahweh. Instead, it was Abraham who did not show any fear of Yahweh when he sinned. This is irony. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
1154	20:1	pym2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Shur	0	This is a desert region on the eastern border of Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1155	20:2	zga1			sent for Sarah and took her	0	“made his men go get Sarah and bring her to him”
1156	20:3	v444			God came to Abimelech	0	“God appeared to Abimelech”
1157	20:3	tme7			Behold	0	“pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: “
1158	20:3	x7kr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	you are a dead man	0	This is a strong way of saying the king will die. Alternate translation: “you will certainly die soon” or “I will kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1159	20:3	l852			a man’s wife	0	“a married woman”
1160	20:4	cxb7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now & her	0	This word is used here to mark a change from the story to information about Abimelech. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1161	20:4	nbq2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Abimelech had not come near her	0	This is a polite way of saying he did not have sex with her. Alternate translation: “Abimelech had not slept with Sarah” or “Abimelech had not touched Sarah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1162	20:4	gxv9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	even a righteous nation	0	Here “nation” stands for the people. Abimelech is worried that God will punish not only him, but his people also. Alternate translation: “even a people who are innocent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1163	20:5	a3jr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	Did he not himself say to me, ‘She is my sister?’ Even she herself said, ‘He is my brother.’	0	This has quotations within a quotation. They can be stated as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “Did he himself not tell me that she is his sister? Even she herself told me that he is her brother.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1164	20:5	c4vt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Did he not himself say to me, ‘She is my sister?’	0	Abimelech used this rhetorical question to remind God of something God already knew. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Abraham himself told me, ‘She is my sister.’” or “Abraham said that she is his sister.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1165	20:5	lx3l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	Did he not himself say & Even she herself	0	The words “he himself” and “she herself” are used for emphasis to bring attention to Abraham and Sarah and to blame them for what happened. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
1166	20:5	ey19		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I have done this in the integrity of my heart and the innocence of my hands	0	Here “heart” stands for his thoughts or intentions. Also “hands” stands for his actions. Alternate translation: “I have done this with good intentions and actions” or “I have done this with no evil thoughts or actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1167	20:6	b1a5			God said to him	0	“God said to Abimelech”
1168	20:6	r797		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in the integrity of your heart you did this	0	Here “heart” stands for his thoughts or intentions. Alternate translation: “you did this with good intentions” or “you did this without evil intentions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1169	20:6	fkd2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	to touch her	0	This is a euphemism for having sex with Sarah. Alternate translation: “to sleep with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1170	20:7	x37f			the man’s wife	0	“Abraham’s wife”
1171	20:7	e8qh			you will live	0	“I will let you live”
1172	20:7	nj49			all who are yours	0	“all of your people”
1173	20:8	egv2			He told all these things to them	0	“He told them everything that God had told him”
1174	20:9	vne4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What have you done to us?	0	Abimelech used this rhetorical question to accuse Abraham. Alternate translation: “You have done something bad to us!” or “Look what you have done to us!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1175	20:9	s7b5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	to us	0	The word “us” here is exclusive and does not include Abraham and Sarah. If your language uses an exclusive form of “we” or “us,” use it here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1176	20:9	za1f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How have I sinned against you, that you have brought & sin?	0	Abimelech used this rhetorical question to remind Abraham that he had not sinned against Abraham. Alternate translation: “I have done nothing against you to cause you to bring … sin.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1177	20:9	jp85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	that you have brought on me and on my kingdom a great sin	0	To cause someone to be guilty of sinning is spoken of as if “sin” was a thing that could be placed on a person. Alternate translation: “that you should make me and my kingdom guilty of such a terrible sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1178	20:9	e4jh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	on my kingdom	0	Here “kingdom” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “on the people of my kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1179	20:9	x8wm			You have done to me that which ought not to be done	0	“You should not have done this to me”
1180	20:10	qyr8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	What prompted you to do this thing?	0	“What caused you to do this?” or “Why did you do this?” What Abraham did can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Why did you tell me that Sarah is your sister?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1181	20:11	gvr3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	Because I thought, ‘Surely there is no fear of God in this place, and they will kill me because of my wife.’	0	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Because I thought that since no one here fears God, someone may kill me so they can take my wife.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1182	20:11	nei7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	no fear of God in this place	0	Here “place” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “no one here in Gerar fears God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1183	20:11	y87a			fear of God	0	This means to deeply respect God and show that respect by obeying him.
1184	20:12	p538			Besides, she is indeed my sister	0	“Also, it is true that Sarah is my sister” or “Also, Sarah really is my sister”
1185	20:12	ml6b			the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother	0	“we have the same father, but we have different mothers”
1186	20:13	ktu6			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nVerse 13 is a continuation of Abraham’s answer to Abimelech.
1187	20:13	e2ep		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my father’s house	0	Here “house” stands for Abraham’s family. Alternate translation: “my father and the rest of my family” or “my father’s household” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1188	20:13	jl8s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	I said to her, ‘You must show me this faithfulness as my wife: At every place where we go, say about me, “He is my brother.”’	0	This has quotations within quotations. They can be stated as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “I said to Sarah that I wanted her to be faithful to me by telling people everywhere we go that I am her brother” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1189	20:14	sh8w			Abimelech took	0	“Abimelech brought some”
1190	20:15	d1fq			Abimelech said	0	“Abimelech said to Abraham”
1191	20:15	f45t			Look	0	“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
1192	20:15	pv15		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	my land is before you	0	This is a way of saying “I make all of my land available to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1193	20:15	ch6w			Settle wherever it pleases you	0	“Live wherever you want”
1194	20:16	u7bg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	a thousand	0	“1,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1195	20:16	tv82		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	It is to cover any offense against you in the eyes of all who are with you	0	Giving money to prove to others that Sarah is innocent is spoken of as if he is placing a cover over an offense so no one can see it. Alternate translation: “I am giving this to him, so that those who are with you will know that you have done nothing wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1196	20:16	gpn5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	in the eyes	0	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “in the opinion” or “in the judgement” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1197	20:16	id4c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	before everyone, you are completely made right	0	The passive phrase “made right” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “everyone will know that you are innocent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1198	20:18	wr3n			completely infertile	0	“totally unable to have children”
1199	20:18	z9nv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	because of Sarah, Abraham’s wife	0	The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “because Abimelech had taken Abraham’s wife Sarah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1200	21:intro	cru4				0	# Genesis 21 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Sarah’s anger\nAfter Sarah was able to have her own child, and he survived infancy, she began to get angry with Abraham’s other son, Ishmael. He would have been a constant reminder of her own sin. God blessed Ishmael, but he was not able to inherit the promises given to Abraham. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])\n\n### Abandoning Ishmael\nAccording to the law at this time, Hagar was able to gain her freedom from slavery by abandoning any claim to receive an inheritance. This is why Hagar would have abandoned her son under the tree. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n### Treaty\nThe Gentile king, Abimelech, made a covenant or treaty with Abraham. It is possible that he did this because he recognized the power of Abraham’s God, but his exact reasons are unknown. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
1201	21:1	f988		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Yahweh paid attention to Sarah	0	Here the phrase “paid attention to” refers to Yahweh helping Sarah have a baby. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helped Sarah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1202	21:2	waa9			bore a son to Abraham	0	“gave birth to Abraham’s son”
1203	21:2	xm5n			in his old age	0	“when Abraham was very old”
1204	21:2	ud3d			at the set time of which God had spoken to him	0	“at the exact time that God had told him it would happen”
1205	21:3	gbc9			Abraham named his son, the one who had been born to him, whom Sarah bore to him, Isaac	0	“Abraham named his newborn son, the one Sarah gave birth to, Isaac” or “Abraham named their newborn son Isaac”
1206	21:4	wzz8			Abraham circumcised his son Isaac when he was eight days old	0	“When his son Isaac was eight days old, Abraham circumcised him”
1207	21:4	g3m9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	eight days	0	“8 days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1208	21:4	pp61			had commanded him	0	“had commanded Abraham to do”
1209	21:5	j1u3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	one hundred	0	“100” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1210	21:6	nu7q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	God has made me laugh	0	Sarah was laughing because she was surprised and happy. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “God has caused me to laugh joyfully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1211	21:6	ns7b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	every one who hears	0	What people would hear can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “everyone who hears about what God has done for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1212	21:7	t9ue		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who would have said to Abraham that Sarah would nurse children	0	This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one would have ever said to Abraham that Sarah will nurse children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1213	21:7	hs12		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	nurse children	0	This is a polite way of referring to breast-feeding babies. Alternate translation: “feed a baby her own milk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1214	21:8	dp3y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	The child grew and & Isaac was weaned	0	“Wean” here is a polite way of saying the child was finished with breast feeding. Alternate translation: “Isaac grew, and when he no longer needed his mother’s milk, Abraham had a large feast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1215	21:9	mm9v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham	0	The name of Hagar’s son can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Ishmael, the son of Hagar the Egyptian and Abraham” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1216	21:9	d73k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	mocking	0	It can be stated explicitly that he was jeering or laughing at Isaac. Alternate translation: “laughing at Isaac” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1217	21:10	t7tn			she said to Abraham	0	“Sarah said to Abraham”
1218	21:10	y4le			Drive out	0	“send away” or “get rid of”
1219	21:10	n7ry			this slave woman and her son	0	This refers to Hagar and Ishmael. Sarah probably did not refer to them by name because she was angry with them.
1220	21:10	jrm9			with my son, with Isaac	0	“with my son Isaac”
1221	21:11	b5qj			This thing was very grievous to Abraham	0	“Abraham was very unhappy about what Sarah said”
1222	21:11	bb4j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	because of his son	0	“because it was about his son.” It is implied that this means his son, Ishmael. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1223	21:12	r6u6			Do not be grieved because of the lad, and because of your servant woman	0	“Do not be upset about the boy and your handmaid”
1224	21:12	t2a7			Listen to her words in all she says to you about this matter	0	“Do everything that Sarah says to you about them”
1225	21:12	wzl5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	it is through Isaac that your descendants will be named	0	The phrase “will be named” means those born through Isaac are the ones God considers to be the descendants that he promised Abraham. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Isaac is the one who will be the forefather of the descendants I promised to give you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1226	21:13	k7jw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will also make the son of the servant woman into a nation	0	The word “nation” means God will give him many descendants so that they become a great nation of people. Alternate translation: “I will make the servant woman’s son also become the father of a great nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1227	21:14	u9q1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	took bread	0	Possible meanings are (1) this refers to food in general or (2) this refers to bread specifically. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1228	21:14	hbx9			a skin of water	0	“a bag of water.” The water container was made out of animal skin.
1229	21:15	ad5u			When the water in the waterskin was gone	0	“When the water bag was empty” or “When they had drank all of the water”
1230	21:16	z7c3			about the distance of a bowshot away	0	This refers to the distance that a person could shoot an arrow with a bow. This is about 100 meters.
1231	21:16	kuh9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Let me not look upon the death of the child	0	The abstract noun “death” can be stated as “die.” Alternate translation: “I do not want to watch the boy die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1232	21:16	i8r8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	she lifted up her voice and wept	0	Here “voice” stands for the sound of her crying. To “life up her voice” means to cry loudly. Alternate translation: “she cried out loudly and wept” or “she wept loudly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1233	21:17	y2cd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the voice of the lad	0	“the boy’s voice.” Here “voice” stands for the sound of the boy crying or speaking. Alternate translation: “the sound of Ishmael” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1234	21:17	swz4			the angel of God	0	“a messenger from God” or “God’s messenger”
1235	21:17	nh6r			out of heaven	0	Here “heaven” means the place where God lives.
1236	21:17	usq5			What troubles you	0	“What is wrong” or “Why are you crying”
1237	21:17	bx2t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the voice of the lad where he is	0	Here “voice” stands for the sound of the boy crying or speaking. Alternate translation: “the sound of the boy lying over there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1238	21:18	n4hf			raise up the lad	0	“help the boy stand up”
1239	21:18	ifp4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will make him into a great nation	0	To make Ishmael into a great nation means God will give him many descendants who will become a great nation. Alternate translation: “I will make his descendants become a great nation” or “I will make him become the ancestor of a great nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1240	21:19	kqh4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God opened her eyes, and she saw	0	God making Hagar aware of the well is spoken of as if he literally opened her eyes. Alternate translation: “God caused Hagar to see” or “God showed her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1241	21:19	l527			the skin	0	“the container made of skin” or “the bag”
1242	21:19	q3fh			the lad	0	“the boy” or “Ishmael”
1243	21:20	i9tw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	God was with the lad	0	Here the phrase “was with” is an idiom that means God helped or blessed the boy. Alternate translation: “God guided the boy” or “God blessed the boy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1244	21:20	dwr6			became an archer	0	“became very skilled at using a bow and arrows”
1245	21:21	nwf2			got a wife	0	“found a wife”
1246	21:22	d7es		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about at that time	0	This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
1247	21:22	sx3y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Phicol	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1248	21:22	fg4b			captain of his army	0	“commander of his army”
1249	21:22	j5ga			his army	0	The word “his” refers to Abimelech.
1250	21:22	ed3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	God is with you in all that you do	0	Here the phrase “is with you” is an idiom that means God helps or blesses Abraham. Alternate translation: “God blesses everything you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1251	21:23	s6v8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Now therefore	0	The word “Now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. Alternate translation: “Therefore” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1252	21:23	le59		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	swear to me here by God	0	This is an idiom meaning to make a solemn oath witnessed by a higher authority, in this instance, God. Alternate translation: “promise me with God as your witness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1253	21:23	du1c			that you will not deal falsely with me	0	“that you will not lie to me”
1254	21:23	z3n7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	will not deal falsely & with my descendants	0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will deal honestly with me and my descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1255	21:23	s3ki		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Show to me & covenant faithfulness that I have shown to you	0	The two men had made a covenant with each other. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful” or “loyal.” Alternate translation: “Be as faithful to me and to the land as I have been to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1256	21:23	cj4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to the land	0	Here “land” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “to the people of the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1257	21:24	s11p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	I swear	0	This can be stated with the understood information. Alternate translation: “I swear to be as faithful to you and your people as you have been to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1258	21:25	v44s			Abraham also complained to Abimelech	0	Possible meanings are (1) Abraham was complaining about what happened or (2) “Abraham also rebuked Abimelech”
1259	21:25	ph9l			concerning a well of water that Abimelech’s servants had seized from him	0	“because Abimelech’s servants had taken one of Abraham’s wells”
1260	21:25	t12g			seized from him	0	“taken from Abraham” or “had taken control of”
1261	21:26	i3se			I have not heard of it until today	0	“This is the first time I have heard about it”
1262	21:27	ruw8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	Abraham took sheep and oxen and gave them to Abimelech	0	This is a sign of friendship and that Abraham agrees to make covenant with Abimelech. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1263	21:28	jy7m			Abraham set seven female lambs of the flock by themselves	0	“Abraham separated seven female lambs from the flock”
1264	21:29	tqa1			What is the meaning of these seven female lambs that you have set by themselves?	0	“Why have you separated these seven lambs from the flock?”
1265	21:30	t7mt			you will receive	0	“you will take”
1266	21:30	mf9f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	from my hand	0	Here “hand” stands for Abraham. Alternate translation: “from me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1267	21:30	z8ku			it may be a witness	0	The word “it” refers to the gift of seven lambs.
1268	21:30	k965		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	so that it may be a witness for me	0	The abstract noun “witness” can be stated as “to prove.” Alternate translation: “to prove to everyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1269	21:31	fs2d			he called that place	0	“Abraham called that place”
1270	21:31	nln8			Beersheba	0	Translators may add a footnote saying “Beersheba can mean either “well of the oath” or “well of seven.”
1271	21:31	uup5			they both	0	“Abraham and Abimelech”
1272	21:32	nu8h			Phicol	0	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 21:22](../21/22.md).
1273	21:33	nb3h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	a tamarisk tree	0	This is an evergreen tree that can grow in the desert. It can be stated more generally. Alternate translation: “a tree” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1274	21:33	hss3			the eternal God	0	“the God who lives forever”
1275	21:34	q54a			many days	0	“for a long time”
1276	22:intro	eq6l				0	# Genesis 22 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Sacrificing his son\nAlthough Isaac was not Abraham’s only son, he was the son who was to inherit Abraham’s promised blessings. It is possible this parallels God’s actual sacrifice of his son, Jesus, for the sins of man. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n### Covenant affirmation\nAfter important events, it is common for Scripture to affirm the tenants of a covenant. This serves as a reminder of the covenant and affirms it. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### God tests Abraham\nExtra care should be taken when translating “testing.” It is best to avoid using the same word used for “tempting” even though they overlap in meaning. This is because Scripture also says God does not tempt anyone. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/tempt]] and [James 2:13](../../jas/02/13.md))
1277	22:1	v5l5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about	0	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
1278	22:1	l21s			after these things	0	This phrase refers to the events in chapter 21.
1279	22:1	n2k1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	God tested Abraham	0	It is implied that God tests Abraham to learn if Abraham will be faithful to him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: God tested Abraham’s faithfulness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1280	22:1	wmg9			Here I am	0	“Yes, I am listening” or “Yes, what is it?”
1281	22:2	riw5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	your only son	0	It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “your only son whom I have promised” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1282	22:2	wi8g			whom you love	0	This emphasizes Abraham’s love for his son, Isaac.
1283	22:2	f7eh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the land of Moriah	0	“the land called Moriah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1284	22:3	t9yx			saddled his donkey	0	“loaded his donkey” or “put on his donkey what he needed for the journey”
1285	22:3	yed4			young men	0	“servants”
1286	22:3	u1yy			set out on his journey	0	“started his journey” or “started traveling”
1287	22:4	rp2j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	On the third day	0	The word “third” is the ordinal number for three. Alternate translation: “After traveling for three days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1288	22:4	wqd9			saw the place afar off	0	“saw far away the place that God had spoken of”
1289	22:5	n287			young men	0	“servants”
1290	22:5	fay2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	We will worship	0	The word “we” refers only to Abraham and Isaac, but not to the young men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1291	22:5	h4ur			come again to you	0	“return to you”
1292	22:6	hdf8			put it on Isaac his son	0	“had Isaac, his son, carry it”
1293	22:6	kw2g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	He took in his own hand	0	Here “his own hand” emphasizes that Abraham himself carried these things. Alternate translation: “Abraham himself carried” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1294	22:6	lj2s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the fire	0	Here “fire” stands for a pan containing burning coals or a torch or lamp. Alternate translation: “something for starting a fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1295	22:6	v6yy			they went both of them together	0	“they left together” or “the two of them went together”
1296	22:7	h248			My father	0	This is a loving way for a son to speak to his father.
1297	22:7	j9ph			Here I am	0	“Yes, I am listening” or “Yes, what is it?” See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md).
1298	22:7	vf73			my son	0	This is a loving way for a father to speak to his son.
1299	22:7	m2y2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the fire	0	Here “fire” stands for a pan containing burning coals or a torch or lamp. See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:6](../22/06.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1300	22:7	eb9g			the lamb for the burnt offering	0	“the lamb that you will give as a burnt offering”
1301	22:8	w7zp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	God himself	0	Here “himself” emphasizes that it is God who will provide the lamb. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
1302	22:8	p2wc			will provide	0	“will give us”
1303	22:9	yn6m			When they came to the place	0	“When Abraham and Isaac arrived at the place”
1304	22:9	x21f			he bound	0	“he tied up”
1305	22:9	g9i8			on the altar, on top of the wood	0	“on top of the wood that was on the altar”
1306	22:10	a5eg			reached out with his hand and took up the knife	0	“picked up the knife”
1307	22:11	d82r			the angel of Yahweh	0	Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or (2) this was one of Yahweh’s angels or (3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “the angel of Yahweh” using the normal word that you use for “angel.” See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](../16/07.md).
1308	22:11	yu4c			from heaven	0	This refers to the place where God lives.
1309	22:11	w9zz			Here I am	0	“Yes, I am listening” or “Yes, what is it?” See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md).
1310	22:12	m8d6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Do not lay your hand upon the lad, nor do anything to harm him	0	The phrase “Do no lay your hand upon” is a way of saying “do not harm.” God said basically the same thing twice to emphasize that Abraham should not hurt Isaac. Alternate translation: “Do not hurt the boy in any way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1311	22:12	n4c5			now I know & from me	0	The words “I” and “me” refer to Yahweh. When translating what is in the quote, do it as the angel of Yahweh did and use the words “I” and “me” when referring to Yahweh.
1312	22:12	n8sb			you fear God	0	This refers to deeply respecting God and showing that respect by obeying him.
1313	22:12	rcz2			seeing that	0	“because I see that”
1314	22:12	nh8u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	you have not withheld your son & from me	0	“you have not held back your son … from me.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you were willing to offer your son … to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1315	22:12	yqd1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	your son, your only son	0	It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 22:2](../22/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1316	22:13	n7b6			behold	0	The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
1317	22:13	qy8n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	was a ram caught in the bushes by his horns	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “was a ram whose horns were stuck in the bushes” or “was a ram stuck in the bushes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1318	22:13	i7l2			went and took the ram	0	“Abraham went over to the ram and took it”
1319	22:14	fk9q			will provide & will be provided	0	Use the same word for “provide” as you used in [Genesis 22:8](../22/08.md).
1320	22:14	cbx8			to this day	0	“even now.” This means even to the time that the author was writing this book.
1321	22:14	qmx7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	it will be provided	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will provide” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1322	22:15	qcn7			The angel of Yahweh	0	Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or (2) this was one of Yahweh’s angels or (3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “The angel of Yahweh” using the normal word that you use for “angel.” See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](../16/07.md).
1323	22:15	aa8z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	a second time	0	The word “second” is the ordinal number for two. Alternate translation: “again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1324	22:15	e8jz			from heaven	0	Here the word “heaven” refers to the place where God lives.
1325	22:16	t7gg			said—this is Yahweh’s declaration	0	“spoke this message from Yahweh” or “declared these words of Yahweh.” This is a formal way of saying that the words that follow come directly from Yahweh.
1326	22:16	p814			by myself I have sworn	0	“I have promised and I am my witness.” To swear means to use the name of something or someone as the basis or power on which the oath is made. There is nothing more powerful for Yahweh to swear by than himself.
1327	22:16	une6			you have done this thing	0	“you obeyed me”
1328	22:16	jc1a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	have not withheld your son	0	“have not kept back your son.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “were willing to offer your son to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1329	22:16	pyp7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	your son, your only son	0	It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 22:2](../22/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1330	22:17	rb7e			surely bless	0	“certainly bless”
1331	22:17	ejb4			I will greatly multiply your descendants	0	“I will cause your descendants to increase again and again” or “I will cause your descendants to be very many”
1332	22:17	aih1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	as the stars of the heavens, and as the sand which is upon the seashore	0	God compared Abraham’s descendants to the stars and the sand. Just as people cannot count the huge number of stars or the grains of sand, so there would be so many of Abraham’s descendants that people would not be able to count them. Alternate translation: “beyond what you can count” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1333	22:17	v86r			as the stars of the heavens	0	Here the word “heavens” refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars.
1334	22:17	q7zd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	will possess the gate of their enemies	0	Here “gate” represents the whole city. To “possess the gate of their enemies” means destroying their enemies. Alternate translation: “will completely triumph over their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1335	22:18	tq9d			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThe angel of Yahweh continues speaking to Abraham.
1336	22:18	u7dd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	all the nations of the earth will be blessed	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I, the Lord, will bless all the people living everywhere” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1337	22:18	bl9q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	nations of the earth	0	Here “nations” stands for the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1338	22:18	i6qx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you have obeyed my voice	0	Here “voice” stands for what God said. Alternate translation: “you have obeyed what I said” or “you have obeyed me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1339	22:19	eb78		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Abraham returned	0	Only Abraham was named because he was the father, but it was implied that his son went with him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Abraham and his son went back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1340	22:19	vx4h			young men	0	“servants”
1341	22:19	e1ck			they departed	0	“they left that place”
1342	22:19	v5yw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	he lived at Beersheba	0	Only Abraham was mentioned because he was the leader of his family and servants, but it was implied that they were with him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Abraham and his people stayed in Beersheba” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1343	22:20	hai9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about after these things	0	“After these events.” The phrase “these things” refers to the events of Genesis 22:1-19. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
1344	22:20	u5ru		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Abraham was told	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone told Abraham” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1345	22:20	a222			Milkah has borne children, as well	0	“Milkah has also borne children”
1346	22:20	i8qv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Milkah	0	This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1347	22:21	hd5y			They were Uz his firstborn, Buz his brother	0	“The name of his firstborn was Uz, and the names of the rest of his children were Buz his brother”
1348	22:21	xm6k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Uz & Buz & Kemuel & Aram	0	These are all names of men. Translate this so that it is clear that all of these except Aram are the sons of Nahor and Milkah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1349	22:22	qg5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kesed, Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph, and Bethuel	0	These are all names of men. Translate this so that it is clear that all of these are the sons of Nahor and Milkah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1350	22:23	h2fe			Bethuel became the father of Rebekah	0	“Later Bethel became the father of Rebekah”
1351	22:23	xue2			These were the eight children that Milkah bore to Nahor, Abraham’s brother	0	“These were the eight children of Milkah and Nahor, Abraham’s brother.” This refers to the children that were listed in [Genesis 22:21-22](./21.md).
1352	22:24	v3k2			His concubine	0	“Nahor’s concubine”
1353	22:24	td3e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Reumah	0	This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1354	22:24	uvx4			also bore	0	“also gave birth to”
1355	22:24	km7f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Tebah, Gaham, Tahash, and Maacah	0	These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1356	23:intro	m5kz				0	# Genesis 23 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Abraham’s character\nAbraham’s interaction with the people show that he was greatly respected. This would have been unusual for a foreigner and indicates that Abraham was a man of great character. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n### Burial\nBurial was a common practice when Abraham lived, but only the wealthy were able to bury their dead relatives in this way.
1357	23:1	by7k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	Sarah lived a hundred and twenty-seven years	0	“Sarah lived 127 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1358	23:1	dq7c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These were the years of the life of Sarah	0	Some translations do not include this sentence. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1359	23:2	bm76		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kiriath Arba	0	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1360	23:2	dik9			Abraham mourned and wept for Sarah	0	“Abraham was very sad and cried because Sarah died”
1361	23:3	r87x			rose up and went from his dead wife	0	“got up and left his wife’s body”
1362	23:3	n5za		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the sons of Heth	0	Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” or “the Hittites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1363	23:4	tg1d			among you	0	This idea may be expressed in terms of location. “in your country” or “here”
1364	23:4	llx2			Please grant me a property	0	“Sell me some land” or “Allow me to buy a piece of land”
1365	23:4	ehx7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	my dead	0	The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as an adjective or a verb. Alternate translation: “my dead wife” or “my wife who has died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1366	23:5	w3ln		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	The sons of Heth	0	Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](../23/03.md). Alternate translation: “The descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1367	23:6	s243			my master	0	This phrase is used to show respect to Abraham.
1368	23:6	z2xn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	a prince of God	0	This is an idiom. This probably means “a powerful man” or “a mighty leader.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1369	23:6	l6my		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	your dead	0	The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as a verb or simply as “wife.” Alternate translation: “your wife who has died” or “your wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1370	23:6	rh4j			the choicest of our tombs	0	“the best of our burial places”
1371	23:6	u2pe			refuse you his tomb	0	“withhold his burial place from you” or “refuse to give to you his tomb”
1372	23:7	h7w7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage	bowed down	0	This means to bend over or kneel down very low to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1373	23:7	yw6s			to the people of the land, to the sons of Heth	0	“to the sons of Heth who lived in the area”
1374	23:7	qnd5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the sons of Heth	0	Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](../23/03.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1375	23:8	z68i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	my dead	0	The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as a verb or simply as “wife.” Alternate translation: “my wife who has died” or “my wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1376	23:8	c9j3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ephron & Zohar	0	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1377	23:9	t978			the cave of Machpelah, which he owns, which is at the end of his field	0	“his cave that is at the end of his field in Machpelah”
1378	23:9	h3f7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the cave of Machpelah	0	“the cave in Machpela.” Machpela was the name of an area or region. Ephron owned a field in Machpela and the cave that was in the field. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1379	23:9	n9as		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	which he owns	0	This tells something about the cave. Ephron owned the cave. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
1380	23:9	e8mr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	which is at the end of his field	0	This also tells something about the cave. The cave was at the end of Ephron’s field. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
1381	23:9	xw6j			sell it to me publicly	0	“sell it to me in front of you all” or “sell it to me in your presence”
1382	23:9	h1qr			as a property	0	“as a piece of land that I may own and use”
1383	23:10	idb1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now Ephron was sitting among the sons of Heth	0	Here “Now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Ephron. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1384	23:10	w16a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ephron	0	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:8](../23/08.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1385	23:10	qat3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the sons of Heth	0	Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](../23/03.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1386	23:10	pmj4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	in the hearing of the sons of Heth	0	The abstract noun “the hearing” can be stated as “hear” or “listening.” Alternate translation: “so that all the sons of Heth could hear him” or “while all the sons of Heth were listening” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1387	23:10	yq1p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	all those who had come into the gate of his city	0	This tells which sons of Heth were listening. Alternate translation: “all those who had gathered at the gate of his city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
1388	23:10	v5hh			gate of his city	0	The city gate was where the leaders of the city would meet to make important decisions.
1389	23:10	juf1			his city	0	“the city where he lived.” This phrase shows that Ephron belonged to that city. It does not mean that he owned it.
1390	23:11	t9j5			my master	0	This phrase is used to show respect to Abraham.
1391	23:11	zt96		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in the presence of the sons of my people	0	Here “presence” stands for the people serving as witnesses. Alternate translation: “with my fellow countrymen as my witnesses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1392	23:11	td9w			sons of my people	0	This means “my fellow countrymen” or “my fellow Hittites”
1393	23:11	zdp4			my people	0	This phrase shows that Ephron was part of that group of people. It does not mean that he was their leader.
1394	23:11	eq11			I give it to you to bury your dead	0	“I give it to you. Bury your dead”
1395	23:11	d3q4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	your dead	0	The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as a verb or simply as “wife.” Alternate translation: “your wife who has died” or “your wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1396	23:12	sv7w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage	bowed himself down	0	This means to bend over or kneel down very low to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1397	23:12	g1ce			people of the land	0	“people who lived in that area”
1398	23:13	s7vm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	in the hearing of the people of the land	0	The abstract noun “the hearing” can be stated as “hear” or “listening” Alternate translation: “so that the people who lived in the area could hear” or “while the people who lived in the area were listening” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1399	23:13	d4k3			But if you are willing	0	The word “but” shows a contrast. Ephron wanted to give the field to Abraham; Abraham wanted to pay for it. Alternate translation: “No, but if you are willing” or “No, but if you agree with this”
1400	23:13	t89n			I will pay for the field	0	“I will give you money for the field”
1401	23:13	xai6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	my dead	0	The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as a verb or simply as “wife.” Alternate translation: “my wife who has died” or “my wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1402	23:14	i9a7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ephron	0	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:8](../23/08.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1403	23:15	a9gk			Please, my master, listen to me	0	“Hear me, my master” or “Listen to me, kind sir”
1404	23:15	a6wp			my master	0	This phrase is used to show respect to Abraham.
1405	23:15	v7ic		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	A piece of land worth four hundred shekels of silver, what is that between me and you?	0	Ephron meant that since he and Abraham were both so wealthy, 400 pieces of silver was a small amount. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “The piece of land is worth only four hundred shekels of silver. For you and me, that is nothing.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1406	23:15	pl1v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight	four hundred shekels of silver	0	This is about 4.5 kilograms of silver. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1407	23:15	vh1v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	four hundred	0	“400” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1408	23:15	v5rr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	Bury your dead	0	The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as a verb or simply as “wife.” Alternate translation: “Go bury your wife who has died” or “Go bury your wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1409	23:16	bu12			Abraham weighed out to Ephron the amount of silver	0	“Abraham weighed the silver and gave Ephron the amount” or “Abraham counted out to Ephron the amount of silver”
1410	23:16	af6q			the amount of silver that he had spoken	0	“the amount of silver that Ephron had said”
1411	23:16	k56n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	in the hearing of the sons of Heth	0	The abstract noun “the hearing” can be stated as “hear” or “listening.” Alternate translation: “so that all the sons of Heth could hear him” or “while all the sons of Heth were listening” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1412	23:16	n255		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the sons of Heth	0	Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](../23/03.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1413	23:16	z85u			according to the standard measurement of the merchants	0	“using the standard measurement of weight that merchants used.” This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “He weighed the silver the same way that the merchants used to weigh it”
1414	23:17	tt9e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Machpelah	0	Machpela was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:9](../23/09.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1415	23:17	x6jb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mamre	0	This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1416	23:17	ia83			that is, the field, the cave that was in it, and all the trees	0	This phrase explains what the author meant when he wrote “the field of Ephron.” It was not only the field, but also the cave and trees in the field.
1417	23:17	d6s8			passed	0	“became property that belonged”
1418	23:18	lsx4			to Abraham by purchase	0	These words complete the idea that begins with the word “passed” in verse 17. “became Abraham’s possession when he purchased it” or “belonged to Abraham after he bought it”
1419	23:18	cr5r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in the presence of the sons of Heth	0	Here “presence” stands for the people serving as witnesses. Alternate translation: “with the people of Heth watching as witnesses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1420	23:18	n2pe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the sons of Heth	0	Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](../23/03.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1421	23:18	g8u6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	all those who had come into the gate of his city	0	This tells which sons of Heth saw Abraham buy the property. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:10](../23/10.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
1422	23:18	ygu6			gate of his city	0	The city gate was where the leaders of the city would meet to make important decisions.
1423	23:18	e2hk			his city	0	“the city where he lived.” This phrase shows that Ephron belonged to that city. It does not mean that he owned it.
1424	23:19	ekx3			After this	0	“After he bought the field”
1425	23:19	fv26			the cave of the field	0	“the cave in the field”
1426	23:19	b38v			the field of Machpelah	0	“the field in Machpelah”
1427	23:19	ey3f			that is, Hebron	0	Possible meanings are (1) Mamre was another name for Hebron or (2) Hebron was formerly called Mamre or (3) Mamre was very near the larger city of Hebron, so people usually called it Hebron.
1428	23:20	cs4e			passed to Abraham as a property for a burial place from the sons of Heth	0	“became Abraham’s property for a burial ground when he bought it from the sons of Heth”
1429	23:20	fx6q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the sons of Heth	0	Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](../23/03.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1430	24:intro	t2cz				0	# Genesis 24 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 24:60.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Intermarriage\n\nAbraham would not allow his son to marry anyone from the people of Canaan. This is because it would cause his son to worship other gods. Intermarriage and worshiping false gods are things that frequently caused Abraham’s descendants to struggle. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])\n\n### Abraham’s wealth\n\nThere are many instances recorded in this chapter which highlight Abraham’s significant wealth. He owned more than 10 camels and had large amounts of gold.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “Put your hand under my thigh”\n\nMany scholars believe this is a euphemism. Putting one’s hand on a man’s genitals was a way to make an important oath. It represented power and progeny. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1431	24:1	swv5			Now	0	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story.
1432	24:2	ebr3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	Put your hand under my thigh	0	Abraham was about to ask the servant to swear to do something. Putting his hand under Abraham’s thigh would show that he would certainly do what he would swear to do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1433	24:3	f2nf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	I will make you swear	0	This can be expressed as a command. Alternate translation: “swear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
1434	24:3	a7dx			swear by Yahweh	0	The term “swear by” means to use the name of something or someone as the basis or power on which the oath is made. “promise me with Yahweh as your witness”
1435	24:3	hip1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	the God of heaven and the God of the earth	0	“the God of heaven and earth.” The words “heaven” and “earth” are used together to mean every thing that God created. Alternate translation: “the God of everything in heaven and earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1436	24:3	ren6			heaven	0	This refers to the place where God lives.
1437	24:3	v2r5			from the daughters of the Canaanites	0	“from the Canaanite women” or “from the Canaanites.” This refers to Canaanite females.
1438	24:3	i3p4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	among whom I make my home	0	“among whom I live.” Here, “I” stands for Abraham and all of his family and servants. Alternate translation: “among whom we live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1439	24:4	a5wn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	But you will go	0	This can be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “Swear that you will go” or “But go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
1440	24:4	s3ne			my relatives	0	“my family”
1441	24:5	qpu6			What if	0	“What should I do if”
1442	24:5	wkn5			will not be willing to follow me	0	“will not follow me” or “refuses to come back with me”
1443	24:5	b9nk			Must I take your son back to the land from which you came	0	“Should I take you son to live in the land from which you came”
1444	24:6	g1bh			Make sure that you do not take my son back there	0	The phrase “Make sure” emphasizes the command that follows. “Be careful not to take my son back there” or “You definitely must not take my son there”
1445	24:7	b2tf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	who took me from my father’s house	0	Here “house” stands for the people in his family. Alternate translation: “who took me from my father and the rest of my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1446	24:7	rg6g			promised me with a solemn oath	0	“swore an oath to me”
1447	24:7	ar65		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	saying, ‘To your offspring I will give this land,’	0	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “saying that he would give this land to my offspring” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1448	24:7	a25j			he will send his angel	0	The words “he” and “his” refer to Yahweh.
1449	24:8	w9ll			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nVerse 8 is a continuation of the instructions Abraham gave his servant.
1450	24:8	j773		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	But if the woman is not willing to follow you	0	“But if the woman refuses to come with you.” Abraham was answering the servant’s question from [Genesis 24:5](../24/05.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1451	24:8	q3gy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you will be free from this oath of mine	0	“you will be released from the oath you made to me.” Not having to fulfill an oath is spoken of as if the person is free from an object to which he was bound. Alternate translation: “you will not have to do what you swore to me that you would do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1452	24:9	tty4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	put his hand under the thigh of Abraham his master	0	This was to show that he would certainly do what he was swearing to do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1453	24:9	lt8g			swore to him	0	“made an oath to him”
1454	24:9	k6wb			concerning this matter	0	“concerning Abraham’s request” or “that he would do what Abraham said”
1455	24:10	qz3v			departed. He also took	0	The sentence starting with “He also took” gives additional information about what the servant took with him on the journey. He gathered them before he departed.
1456	24:10	t2ji			He also took with him all kinds of gifts from his master	0	This means he also took many good things that his master wanted to give to the woman’s family.
1457	24:10	yq2h			departed and went	0	“set out and went” or “he left and went”
1458	24:10	nmn4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the city of Nahor	0	Possible meanings are (1) the city where Nahor lived” or (2) “the city called Nahor.” If you can translate it without choosing a meaning, do so. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1459	24:11	x8ge			He made the camels kneel down	0	Camels are tall animals with long legs. He made them bend their legs and lower their bodies to the ground. “He made the camels lie down”
1460	24:11	c8xs			well of water	0	“water well” or “well”
1461	24:11	n18k			draw water	0	“get water”
1462	24:12	tp8i			Then he said	0	“Then the servant said”
1463	24:12	yyj6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	grant me success today and show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham	0	You can state this with the connecting word “by.” This makes clear how the servant wants God to show covenant faithfulness. Alternate translation: “Show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham by granting me success today” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
1464	24:12	i9ac		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	grant me success	0	“give me success.” The servant wanted to find a good wife for Abraham’s son. The abstract noun “success” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “help me to succeed” or “make me able to do what I have come here to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1465	24:12	n4s6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham	0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful.” Alternate translation: “be faithful to the covenant you have with my master Abraham” or “be faithful to my master Abraham” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1466	24:13	b9wq			Look, here I am standing	0	“You can see me standing here”
1467	24:13	y2ut			the spring of water	0	“the spring” or “the well”
1468	24:13	v4y7			the daughters of the men of the city	0	“the young women of the city”
1469	24:14	xg68			Let it happen like this	0	“Let it happen this way” or “Make this happen”
1470	24:14	uy2f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	When I say to a young woman, ‘Please lower your pitcher so that I may drink,’	0	This is a quotation within a quotation. This can be expressed with an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “When I ask a young woman to let me have a drink of water from her jar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1471	24:14	z6kj			Please lower your pitcher	0	The women carried the pitchers on their shoulder. She would have to lower it to give the man a drink.
1472	24:14	khg5			pitcher	0	a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids
1473	24:14	je9p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	that you have shown covenant faithfulness to my master	0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “been faithful.” Alternate translation: “that you have been faithful to the covenant you have with my master Abraham” or “you have been faithful to my master Abraham” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1474	24:15	td2g			It came about that	0	This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1475	24:15	jq3w			behold	0	The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
1476	24:15	fm5s			pitcher	0	This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:14](../24/14.md).
1477	24:15	y3qz			Rebekah was born to Bethuel son of Milkah, the wife of Nahor, Abraham’s brother	0	“Rebekah’s father was Bethuel. Bethuel’s parents were Milkah and Nahor. Nahor was Abraham’s brother”
1478	24:15	y6za		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bethuel	0	Bethuel was Rebekah’s father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22](../22/22.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1479	24:15	y7ld		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nahor	0	This is the name of a man. See how you translated his name in [Genesis 11:22](../11/22.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1480	24:15	xmc5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Milkah	0	Milkah was Nahor’s wife and Bethuel’s mother. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 11:29](../11/29.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1481	24:16	s6tm			She went down to the spring & and came up	0	The spring was somewhere lower in elevation than where the servant was standing.
1482	24:17	lng1			to meet her	0	“to meet the young woman”
1483	24:17	hb32			a little drink of water	0	“a little water”
1484	24:17	tiz4			pitcher	0	This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:14](../24/14.md).
1485	24:18	dr38			my master	0	“sir.” Here the woman uses this term of respect to refer to the man, though she is not his slave.
1486	24:18	h8xp			she quickly let down her pitcher on her hand	0	“she quickly lowered her pitcher.” She was carrying the pitcher on her shoulder. She had to lower it to get water for the servant.
1487	24:19	jg5k			I will draw water	0	“I will get water”
1488	24:20	n27r			So she hurried and emptied her pitcher	0	“So she quickly emptied her pitcher”
1489	24:20	pkk9			the trough	0	“the animals’ water trough.” A trough is a long open container for holding water for animals to drink.
1490	24:21	ui6c			The man	0	“The servant”
1491	24:21	q4p6			watched her	0	“watched Rebekah” or “watched the young woman”
1492	24:21	b11e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	to see	0	Learning something is often spoken of as if it were seeing. Alternate translation: “to know” or “to determine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1493	24:21	i3b2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	had prospered his journey	0	“had fulfilled the purpose of his journey” or “had made his journey successful.” You can make explicit what specifically the servant was trying to determine. Alternate translation: “was showing him the woman who would become Isaac’s wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1494	24:21	x4zm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	or not	0	You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “or not prospered his journey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1495	24:22	slf4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight	a gold nose ring weighing half a shekel	0	“a gold nose ring that weighed six grams.” The weight indicates the value of the ring. Alternate translation: “an expensive gold nose ring” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1496	24:22	w1h6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight	two gold bracelets for her arms weighing ten shekels	0	“two gold bracelets for her arms that weighed 110 grams.” The weight shows their size and value. Alternate translation: “two large gold bracelets for her arms” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1497	24:23	r4h2			Whose daughter are you	0	“Who is your father”
1498	24:23	e8zs			is there room in your father’s house	0	“is there a place in your father’s house”
1499	24:23	vu7b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	for us	0	Apparently other men went on this journey with Abraham’s servant. Here “us” refers to the servant and those traveling with him, but not to those to whom he was speaking. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1500	24:23	ij83			to spend the night	0	“to stay tonight” or “to stay for the night”
1501	24:24	qx3y			She said	0	“Rebekah said” or “the young woman said”
1502	24:24	h5cc			to him	0	“to the servant”
1503	24:24	tu27			I am the daughter of Bethuel son of Milkah, whom she bore to Nahor	0	“Bethuel is my father, and his parents are Milkah and Nahor”
1504	24:25	ki2b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	We have plenty of both straw and feed	0	It is understood that the straw and feed are for the camels. You can make clear this understood information. Alternate translation: “We have plenty of straw and feed for the camels” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1505	24:25	g1si			for you to spend the night	0	“for you to stay tonight” or “where you can stay for the night”
1506	24:25	j8dw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	for you	0	Here “you” refers to the servant and those traveling with him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1507	24:26	wj5p			the man	0	“the servant”
1508	24:26	rf3n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	bowed down	0	This is a sign of humility before God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1509	24:27	pf99		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	has not forsaken his covenant faithfulness and his trustworthiness toward my master	0	“has not stopped showing his covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness to my master.” The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “to be faithful and trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “has not stopped being faithful to his covenant and trustworthy toward my master” or “has not stopped being faithful and trustworthy to my master” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1510	24:27	eme3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	has not forsaken	0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “continues to show” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1511	24:27	xfl3			my master’s relatives	0	“my master’s family” or “my master’s clan”
1512	24:28	s6bc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ran and told her mother’s household	0	Here “household” stands for all the people living in her mother’s house. Alternate translation: “ran to the house and told her mother and everyone there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1513	24:28	xw7q			all of these things	0	“everything that had just happened”
1514	24:29	yd93		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now	0	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells background information about Rebekah. The author introduces her brother, Laban, to the story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
1515	24:30	n1zt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events	When he had seen the nose ring & and when he had heard the words of Rebekah his sister	0	These things happened before he ran out to the man. This tells why Laban ran out to the man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
1516	24:30	si84		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	when he had heard the words of Rebekah his sister, “This is what the man said to me,”	0	This can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “when he had heard his sister Rebekah tell what the man had said to her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1517	24:30	qav2			behold, he	0	The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. “it was just as she had said: he”
1518	24:31	w2vg			Come, you	0	“Come in, you” or “Enter, you”
1519	24:31	rud7			you blessed of Yahweh	0	“you whom Yahweh has blessed”
1520	24:31	tn1r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	you	0	Here the word “you” refers to Abraham’s servant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1521	24:31	gk45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why are you standing outside?	0	Laban used this question to invite Abraham’s servant into his house. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to stay outside.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1522	24:32	n6xf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	So the man came to the house	0	The word “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
1523	24:32	h7z7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	he unloaded the camels	0	It is not clear who did this work. This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Laban’s servants unloaded the camels” or “the camels were unloaded” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1524	24:32	hhx8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The camels were given straw and feed, and water was provided	0	This does not say who did the work. If you state this in active form use “Laban’s servants” as the subject. Alternate translation: “Laban’s servants gave straw and feed to the camels, and they provided water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1525	24:32	jti6			to wash his feet & him	0	“for Abraham’s servant and the men who were with him to wash their feet”
1526	24:33	x4b4			They set	0	Here, the word “they” refers to Laban’s family members or to the household servants.
1527	24:33	th5z			set food before him	0	“gave food to the servant”
1528	24:33	d4p6			said what I have to say	0	“spoken my words” or “told you why I am here”
1529	24:35	x58h			he has become great	0	Here the word “he” refers to Abraham.
1530	24:35	w53i			become great	0	“become very wealthy”
1531	24:35	ff88			He has given	0	The word “he” refers to Yahweh.
1532	24:36	l6kq			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nAbraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.
1533	24:36	em4l			bore a son to my master	0	“gave birth to a son”
1534	24:36	sw5h			he has given & to him	0	“my master has given … to his son”
1535	24:37	bu75			My master made me swear, saying	0	“My master made me swear that I would do what he told me to do. He said”
1536	24:37	gr54			from the daughters of the Canaanites	0	This refers to Canaanite females. Alternate translation: “from the Canaanite women” or “from the Canaanites”
1537	24:37	nd18		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	in whose land I make my home	0	“among whom I live.” Here, “I” stands for Abraham and all of his family and servants. Alternate translation: “among whom we live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1538	24:38	ye3t			to my relatives	0	“to my own clan”
1539	24:39	pgj8			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nAbraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.
1540	24:39	xvk8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	Perhaps the woman will not follow me.	0	This is something that could possibly happen. Alternate translation: “What if the woman will not come back with me?” or “What should I do if the woman will not come back with me?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1541	24:40	mp4m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	before whom I walk	0	Serving Yahweh is spoken of as if Abraham were walking in Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “whom I serve” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1542	24:40	uj9t			he will prosper your way	0	“he will make your journey successful”
1543	24:40	f64z			family line	0	“family”
1544	24:41	x3ph		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	But you will be free from my oath if you come to my relatives and they will not give her to you. Then you will be free from my oath	0	This is a hypothetical situation that Abraham did not think was likely to happen. Possible meanings are (1) “There is only one way for you to be free from my oath: if you come to my relatives and they will not give her to you, then you will be free from my oath” or, (2) building on verse 40, “If you go to my father’s family and ask for a girl, you will have done what I told you to do. If they will not give her to you, then you will be free from the oath you swore to me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1545	24:41	ijt4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you will be free from my oath	0	“you will be released from the oath you made to me.” Not having to fulfill an oath is spoken of as if the person is free from an object to which he was bound. Alternate translation: “you will not have to do what you swore to me that you would do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1546	24:41	wll8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	if you come to my relatives	0	Languages use the words come and go differently. Alternate translation: “if you arrive at my relatives’ home” or “if you go to my relatives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
1547	24:42	t1j2			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nAbraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.
1548	24:42	m7ps			the spring	0	“the well”
1549	24:43	ey1m			let the young woman who comes & the woman to whom I say	0	The servant goes back to stating his request. These are the first two things he has to say about the woman whom he hopes will come.
1550	24:43	ru4z			to draw water	0	“to get water”
1551	24:43	ays7			pitcher	0	This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:14](../24/14.md).
1552	24:44	k1f8			the woman who says to me, “Drink & camels”	0	The thought that begins with the words “let the young woman who comes” in verse 43 ends here. This is the third of the three things the servant has to say about the woman whom he hopes will come.
1553	24:44	t41f			let her be the woman	0	The servant finishes his request.
1554	24:45	jux7			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nAbraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.
1555	24:45	w249		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	speaking in my heart	0	To pray silently in one’s mind is spoken of as if he were speaking in his heart. The word “heart” refers to his thoughts and his mind. Alternate translation: “praying” or “praying quietly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1556	24:45	s82z			behold, Rebekah came	0	“suddenly Rebekah came” or “I was surprised because I saw Rebekah coming”
1557	24:45	s4y4			pitcher	0	This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:14](../24/14.md).
1558	24:45	v94w			she went down to the spring	0	The phrase “went down” is used because the spring was somewhere lower than where the servant was standing.
1559	24:45	r9da			spring	0	opening in the ground from which fresh water comes
1560	24:46	kvw1			watered the camels	0	“gave water to the camels”
1561	24:47	q3rt			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nAbraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.
1562	24:47	wg1u			The daughter of Bethuel, Nahor’s son, whom Milkah bore to him	0	“My father is Bethuel. His parents are Nahor and Milkah”
1563	24:47	xxd2			ring & bracelets	0	In this story, all of these items were made of gold. See how you translated these in [Genesis 24:22](../24/22.md).
1564	24:48	e8rq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	I bowed down	0	This is a sign of humility before God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1565	24:48	h58h			led me by the right way	0	“brought me here”
1566	24:48	zhy2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	who had led me	0	The connecting word “because” can be used to show this is why the servant worshiped God. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh led me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
1567	24:48	p249			my master’s relative	0	This refers to Bethuel, the son of Abraham’s brother Nahor.
1568	24:49	v7x5			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nAbraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.
1569	24:49	u6eh			Now therefore	0	“Now.” Here “Now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
1570	24:49	yac9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	if you are prepared to show covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness to my master, tell me	0	How they could show the covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “tell me if you will be faithful and trustworthy to my master by giving Rebekah to be his son’s wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1571	24:49	q5fw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	you	0	The word “you” refers to Laban and Bethuel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1572	24:49	bf6u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	faithfulness and trustworthiness	0	These abstract nouns can be stated as “faithful and trustworthy.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1573	24:49	r8l1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	But if not	0	The understood information can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “But if you are not prepared to treat my master with family faithfulness and trustworthiness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1574	24:49	yjd9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	so that I may turn to the right hand or to the left	0	Possible meanings are (1) deciding what to do is spoken of as if the person will physically turn one direction or another. Alternate translation: “so that I will know what do” or (2) the servant wants to know if he needs to travel somewhere else. Alternate translation: “so that I may continue on my journey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1575	24:50	jew5			Bethuel	0	This was the father of Laban and Rebekah.
1576	24:50	x54j			The thing has come from Yahweh	0	“Yahweh has caused all of this to happen”
1577	24:50	e21v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	we cannot speak to you either bad or good	0	They are saying they do not have the authority to decide whether what God has done is good or bad. Alternate translation: “we dare not judge what Yahweh is doing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1578	24:51	y3tx			Look, Rebekah is	0	“You can see Rebekah here”
1579	24:51	zkd6			Rebekah is before you	0	“Here is Rebekah”
1580	24:52	f6nn			their words	0	“what Laban and Bethuel said”
1581	24:52	s5s4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	he bowed himself down	0	Bowing down before God is an expression of worship to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1582	24:53	c4x7			articles of silver and articles of gold	0	“silver and gold items” or “things made of silver and gold”
1583	24:53	yqa2			precious gifts	0	“expensive gifts” or “valuable gifts”
1584	24:54	w8v9			he and the men who were with him	0	“Abraham’s servant and his men”
1585	24:54	ssz6			stayed there overnight	0	“slept there that night”
1586	24:54	v8m5			arose in the morning	0	“got up the next morning”
1587	24:54	fw75			Send me away	0	“Let me leave and return”
1588	24:55	a6ia			a few more days, at least ten	0	“at least ten more days”
1589	24:55	ce7w			After that	0	“Then”
1590	24:56	pr3s			he said	0	“Abraham’s servant said”
1591	24:56	sl94			to them	0	“to Rebekah’s brother and mother”
1592	24:56	dav8			Do not hinder me	0	“Do not delay me” or “Do not make me wait”
1593	24:56	jnv7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh has prospered my way	0	Here “way” stands for a journey. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has caused me to succeed in the purpose my journey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1594	24:56	g87g			Send me on my way	0	“Allow me to leave”
1595	24:59	qez3			So they sent their sister Rebekah	0	“So the family sent Rebekah”
1596	24:59	e462			their sister	0	Rebekah was Laban’s sister. Alternate translation: “their relative” or “Laban’s sister”
1597	24:59	uvk2			her female servant	0	This refers to the female servant who had fed Rebekah when she was a baby, cared for her when she was a child, and still served her.
1598	24:60	ck3m			Our sister	0	Rebekah was not the sister to everyone in her family. But they called her this to show that they loved her. Alternate translation: “Our dear Rebekah”
1599	24:60	lz94			may you be the mother of thousands of ten thousands	0	Here “mother” stands for ancestor. Alternate translation: “may you be the ancestor of millions of people” or “may you have very many descendants”
1600	24:60	k4au		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	thousands of ten thousands	0	This means a very large number or an uncountable number. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1601	24:60	lj6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	may your descendants possess the gate of those who hate them	0	Armies would break through the gate of their enemies’ cities and conquer the people. Alternate translation: “may your descendants completely defeat those who hate them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1602	24:61	m2sa			Then Rebekah arose, and she and her servant girls mounted the camels	0	“Then Rebekah and her servant girls went and got on the camels”
1603	24:61	s54m			Thus the servant took Rebekah, and went his way	0	“In this way Abraham’s servant took Rebekah with him and returned to where he had come from”
1604	24:62	de8g			Now	0	This word marks a change in the story. It was telling about the servant finding a wife, and now it will tell about Isaac.
1605	24:62	a6ll			Beer Lahai Roi	0	This is the name of a water well in the Negev. See how you translated it in [Genesis 16:14](../16/14.md).
1606	24:63	l5s8			Isaac went out to meditate in the field in the evening	0	“One evening Isaac went out to the field to think.” This must have been a long time after the servant and Rebekah left her home since they had to travel a long distance.
1607	24:63	r5zl			When he looked up and saw, behold, there were camels coming!	0	The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. “When he looked up he was surprised to see camels coming”
1608	24:64	ct8r			Rebekah looked	0	“Rebekah looked up”
1609	24:64	xm2p			she jumped down from the camel	0	“she quickly got off the camel”
1610	24:65	ai22		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	So she took her veil, and covered herself	0	“So she covered her face with her veil.” This is a sign of respect and modesty towards the man she will marry. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1611	24:65	x2me			veil	0	a piece of cloth used to cover a person’s head, shoulders and face
1612	24:67	c5ut		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	took Rebekah, and she became his wife	0	Both of these phrases mean that Isaac married Rebekah. Alternate translation: “married Rebekah” or “took her as his wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1613	24:67	h9zw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	So Isaac was comforted	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So Rebekah comforted Isaac” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1614	25:intro	ig86				0	# Genesis 25 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 25:23.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Polygamy\nAbraham married another wife. This was sinful of him. Many other Hebrew leaders came to marry multiple wives. This is known as “polygamy.” It has never been an acceptable practice. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n### Inheritance\nIn the ancient Near East, inheritance was passed on through the eldest son. Even though Esau and Jacob were twins, it is very important that Esau was born first. It was his birthright to receive his inheritance, but he foolishly gave it up. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/birthright]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### God fulfill’s his promise\nGod begins to fulfill the promise he gave to Abraham about making his descendants numerous. Many of these children through his concubines would become large people groups. This may not be easy to understand without the remainder of the Old Testament and the history it records. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1615	25:1	cu8t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nSee [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]].
1616	25:4	rx7z			All these	0	This refers to the people named in verses 2-4.
1617	25:5	l5pw			Abraham gave all that he owned to Isaac	0	“Isaac inherited all that Abraham owned.” It was normal for the father to divide his wealth when he was old and not leave that for others to do after he died.
1618	25:7	wx9m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	These were the days of the years of Abraham’s life which he lived, 175 years	0	“These were … he lived, one hundred and seventy-five years.” Abraham lived 175 years. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1619	25:8	p4ht		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Abraham breathed his last and died	0	“Abraham took his last breath and died.” The phrases “breathed his last” and “died” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Abraham died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1620	25:8	ej3k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	breathed his last	0	This is a polite way of saying a person died. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1621	25:8	g4ax		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	at a good old age, an old man with a full life	0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Abraham lived a very long time. Alternate translation: “when he had lived a very long time and was very old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1622	25:8	yns7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	an old man with a full life	0	Living a long life is spoken of as if life were a container that becomes full. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1623	25:8	x8xg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	he was gathered to his people	0	This means that after Abraham died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he joined his family members who had already died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1624	25:9	mwj2			the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron	0	Ephron owned a field in Machpelah and the cave that was in that field. Abraham bought the field from Ephron.
1625	25:9	q9gq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Machpelah	0	Machpelah was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:9](../23/09.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1626	25:9	cy2d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ephron & Zohar	0	These are names of men. See how you translated these men’s names in [Genesis 23:8](../23/08.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1627	25:9	s1d5			which is near Mamre	0	Machpela was near Mamre.
1628	25:9	k9tk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mamre	0	This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this place name in [Genesis 23:17](../23/17.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1629	25:10	sbt9			This field Abraham had bought	0	“Abraham had bought this field”
1630	25:10	f1i4			sons of Heth	0	“the descendants of Heth” or “the Hittites.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:5](../23/05.md).
1631	25:10	d9zw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Abraham was buried	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They buried Abraham” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1632	25:11	qdt2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Beer Lahai Roi	0	This name means “the well of the living one who sees me.” See how you translated this place name in [Genesis 16:14](../16/14.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1633	25:12	uwb2			Now	0	This word is used in English to introduce a new part of the story and information about Ishmael.
1634	25:13	gn6t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nSee [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]].
1635	25:16	xgd3			These were Ishmael’s sons, and these were their names, by their villages, and by their encampments; twelve princes according to their tribes	0	This can be stated as two sentences. “These were the names of Ishmael’s twelve sons. They led tribes that were named after them, and they each had their own villages and campsites”
1636	25:16	e5ag		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twelve	0	“12” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1637	25:16	iy7y			princes	0	Here the word “princes” means that the men were leaders or rules of the tribes; it does not mean that they were the sons of a king.
1638	25:17	nem6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	These were the years of the life of Ishmael, 137 years	0	“These were … Ishmael, one hundred and thirty-seven years.” Ishmael lived 137 years. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1639	25:17	s1vq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	breathed his last and died	0	The terms “breathed his last” and “died” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1640	25:17	p7dl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	was gathered to his people	0	This means that after Ishmael died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he joined his family members who had already died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1641	25:18	q1vv			They lived	0	“His descendants settled”
1642	25:18	z9aa			from Havilah to Ashhur	0	“between Havilah and Ashhur”
1643	25:18	pk2r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Havilah	0	Havilah was located somewhere in the Arabian Desert. See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1644	25:18	ev35			as one goes toward	0	“in the direction of”
1645	25:18	p8m3			They lived in hostility with each other	0	Possible meanings are (1) “they did not live in peace together,” or (2) “they lived away from their other relatives.”
1646	25:19	t67i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	These were the events concerning Isaac, Abraham’s son	0	This sentence introduces the account of Isaac’s descendants in Genesis 25:19-35:29. Alternate translation: “This is the account of the descendants of Isaac, Abraham’s son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1647	25:20	gih8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	forty years old	0	“40 years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1648	25:20	g4lq			when he took as his wife Rebekah	0	“when he married Rebekah”
1649	25:20	xn63		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bethuel	0	Bethuel was Rebekah’s father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22](../22/22.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1650	25:20	dft3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Paddan Aram	0	This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1651	25:21	wr2b			she was childless	0	“she was unable to become pregnant”
1652	25:21	zn2s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Rebekah his wife conceived	0	It can be made explicit that Rebekah was pregnant with two babies at the same time: “Rebekah, his wife, became pregnant with twins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1653	25:22	as86			The children struggled together within her	0	“the babies inside her kept bumping against each other” or “The babies pushed against each other within her”
1654	25:22	gza2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The children & within her	0	Rebekah was pregnant with twins. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1655	25:22	u1xs			She went to ask Yahweh about this	0	“She went and asked Yahweh about this.” It is not clear where she went. She may have gone somewhere private to pray, or she may have gone somewhere to offer a sacrifice.
1656	25:23	y9m7			said to her	0	“said to Rebekah”
1657	25:23	m836		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	Two nations & serve the younger	0	This is poetic language. If your language has a way to indicate poetry, you could use it here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
1658	25:23	s1wf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Two nations are in your womb	0	Here “two nations” stands for the two children. Each child will be the father of a nation. Alternate translation: “Two nations will come from the twins within you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1659	25:23	lxl5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	two peoples will be separated from within you	0	Here “two peoples” stands for the two children. Each child will be the father of a people. This can be translated with an active verb. Alternate translation: “when you give birth to these two children they will be rivals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1660	25:23	pgz5			the older will serve the younger	0	Possible meanings are (1) “the older son will serve the younger son” or (2) “the descendants of the older son will serve the descendants of the younger son.” If possible, translate it so that people could understand either meaning.
1661	25:24	urq6			behold, there	0	“she was surprised to learn that there”
1662	25:25	wyy1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	red all over like a hairy garment	0	Possible meanings are (1) his skin was red and he had a lot of hair on his body or (2) he had a lot of red hair on his body. Alternate translation: “red and hairy like a garment made of animal hair” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1663	25:25	p7lj			Esau	0	Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Esau sounds like the word ‘hairy.’”
1664	25:26	u57z			grasping Esau’s heel	0	“holding the back part of Esau’s foot”
1665	25:26	gls8			Jacob	0	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Jacob means ‘he grasps the heel.’”
1666	25:26	i7ic		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	sixty years old	0	“60 years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1667	25:27	a46v			became a skillful hunter	0	“became good at hunting and killing animals for food”
1668	25:27	ee9p			a quiet man	0	“a peaceful man” or “a less active man”
1669	25:27	n923		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	who spent his time in the tents	0	This speaks about time as if it were a commodity that someone could spend. Alternate translation: “who remained in the tents much of the time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1670	25:28	t4i8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now	0	This word is used to mark a change in focus, shifting from the story to background information about Isaac and Rebekah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1671	25:28	yr46			Isaac loved	0	Here the word “loved” means “favored” or “preferred.”
1672	25:28	m6rw			because he ate the animals that he had hunted	0	“because he ate the animals that Esau had hunted” or “because he enjoyed eating the wild animal meat that Esau caught”
1673	25:29	z5en			Jacob cooked	0	Since this is the beginning of a story about something that happened one time, some translators may want to start it with a phrase like “One day, Jacob cooked” in a similar manner to the UST.
1674	25:29	n13g			cooked some stew	0	“boiled some food” or “cooked some soup.” This stew was made of boiled lentils ([Genesis 25:34](../25/34.md)).
1675	25:29	ms24			he was weak from hunger	0	“he was weak because he was very hungry” or “he was very hungry”
1676	25:30	se91			I am exhausted	0	“I am weak from hunger” or “I am very hungry”
1677	25:30	x1uk			Edom	0	Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Edom means ‘red.’”
1678	25:31	nk7u			birthright	0	right as firstborn to inherit most of the father’s wealth
1679	25:32	efr4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	I am about to die	0	Esau was exaggerating to emphasize how hungry he was. Alternate translation: “I am so hungry I feel like I could die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1680	25:32	h8jv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What good is the birthright to me?	0	Esau used a question to emphasize that eating was more important than a birthright. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “My inheritance is no good to me if I die of hunger!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1681	25:33	b4qn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	First swear to me	0	What Jacob wanted Esau to swear can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “First swear to me that you will sell me your birthright” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1682	25:34	v7ff		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	lentils	0	These are like beans, but their seeds are very small, round, and somewhat flat. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1683	25:34	r6tg			Esau despised his birthright	0	“Esau showed that he did not value his birthright”
1684	26:intro	cwz4				0	# Genesis 26 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Trust\nWhen things in the land were bad, Isaac did not trust in Yahweh. Instead, he ran to the safety of Egypt. Even when Abraham’s descendants did not trust in Yahweh’s faithfulness to fulfill his covenant, Yahweh remained faithful to his covenant and blessed Isaac. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])\n\n### Wells\nIn the ancient Near East, wells were very important strategically. Therefore, they were a sign of power and a sign of God’s blessing being upon Isaac.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “She is my sister”\nIsaac was afraid the Egyptians would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Rebekah to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Isaac’s sister, they would have shown favor to him. This is the same thing his father, Abraham, did. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])
1685	26:1	n54s			Now	0	This word is used here to mark a new part of the story.
1686	26:1	vwi7			a famine happened	0	“there was a famine” or “there was another famine”
1687	26:1	ags3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	in the land	0	You can state explicitly the land to which this refers. Alternate translation: “in the land where Isaac and his family lived” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1688	26:1	a6wl			that had been in the days of Abraham	0	“that had happened during Abraham’s life” or “that had happened while Abraham was alive”
1689	26:2	p1xe			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nYahweh begins to speak to Isaac.
1690	26:2	t4aj			appeared to him	0	“appeared to Isaac”
1691	26:2	mqf3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Do not go down to Egypt	0	It was common to speak of leaving the promised land as “going down” to another place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1692	26:3	v9hh			for to you and to your descendants, I will give all these lands	0	“for I will give all these lands to you and your descendants”
1693	26:3	ekq9			I will fulfill the oath that I swore to Abraham your father	0	“I will do what I promised Abraham your father I would do”
1694	26:4	tu5b			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nYahweh continues speaking to Isaac.
1695	26:4	y44e			I will multiply your descendants	0	“I will cause you to have very many descendants.”
1696	26:4	k6jq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like the stars of heaven	0	This speaks about the number of Isaac’s descendants as if they were the same as the number of stars. See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:17](../22/17.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1697	26:4	jm8x			heaven	0	This refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars.
1698	26:4	hpl9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	all the nations of the earth will be blessed	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will bless all the nations of the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1699	26:5	nr7e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Abraham obeyed my voice and kept my instructions, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws	0	The phrases “obeyed my voice” and “kept my instructions, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Abraham obeyed me and did everything I commanded him to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1700	26:5	brk9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	obeyed my voice	0	Here “voice” stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “obeyed me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1701	26:6	wr4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	So Isaac settled in Gerar	0	Only Isaac is mentioned because he is the leader of the family, but his whole family was with him. Alternate translation: “So Isaac and his family settled in Gerar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1702	26:7	rr88			He feared to say	0	Here “fear” refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others. “He was afraid to say”
1703	26:7	j128			to get Rebekah	0	“in order to take Rebekah”
1704	26:8	z63l			He saw, behold, Isaac	0	The word “behold” shows that what Abimelech saw surprised him. Alternate translation: “And he was surprised to see that Isaac”
1705	26:8	i16v			was caressing Rebekah	0	Possible meanings are (1) he was touching her the way a husband touches his wife or (2) he was laughing and talking with her the way a husband talks with his wife.
1706	26:9	hv6m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Abimelech called Isaac to him	0	Abimelech probably sent someone to tell Isaac that Abimelech wanted to see him. Alternate translation: “Abimelech sent someone to bring Isaac to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1707	26:9	aeb1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	Why did you say, ‘She is my sister’?	0	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Why did you say that she is your sister?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1708	26:9	m9n4			to get her	0	“so he could take her”
1709	26:10	t2ul		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What is this you have done to us?	0	Abimelech used this question to scold Isaac. Alternate translation: “You should not have done this to us!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1710	26:10	s759		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	might easily have lain with your wife	0	The word “lain” here is a euphemism for “had sexual relations.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1711	26:10	t1mu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you would have brought guilt upon us	0	This speaks about causing someone to be guilty as if “guilt” were an object that is placed on someone. Alternate translation: “you would have caused us to be guilty of taking a man’s wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1712	26:10	l5d1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	upon us	0	Here “us” refers to Abimelech and his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1713	26:11	ztx1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Whoever touches this man	0	Here “touches” means to touch in a harmful way. Alternate translation: “Whoever harms this man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1714	26:11	fk2l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	will surely be put to death	0	Abimelech may have intended to tell someone to kill anyone who might harm Isaac or Rebekah. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will put him to death” or “I will order my men to kill him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1715	26:12	tl8n			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThis begins a new part of the story. It changes from telling about Isaac calling Rebekah his sister, and it starts to tell about how Isaac became very rich and the Philistines were jealous of him.
1716	26:12	f6x6			in that land	0	“in Gerar”
1717	26:12	d294		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	a hundredfold	0	This means “one hundred times as much as he planted.” It can be translated more generally as “a very large crop.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1718	26:13	i68k			The man became rich	0	“Isaac became rich” or “He became rich”
1719	26:13	p5mh			grew more and more until he became very great	0	“he gained more and more until he became very wealthy”
1720	26:14	jv6c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	sheep	0	This may also include goats. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1721	26:14	h37m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a large household	0	Here “household” stands for workers or servants. Alternate translation: “many servants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1722	26:14	f17g			The Philistines envied him	0	“The Philistines were jealous of him”
1723	26:15	rue9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	Now	0	Here this word does not mean “at this moment.” It is indicating where the action in the story begins. It can be translated with the connecting word “So” to show that this is a result of what happened in [Genesis 26:12-14](./12.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
1724	26:15	xy1c			in the days of Abraham his father	0	The phrase “in the days of” stands for a person’s lifetime. Alternate translation: “when Abraham, his father, was living” or “during his father Abraham’s lifetime”
1725	26:16	f5ia		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	Abimelech said	0	Possible meanings are (1) this is another action to force Isaac and his people to leave. Alternate translation: “Then Abimelech said” or “Finally Abimelech said” or (2) Abimelech made this decision because he saw that his people were jealous and acting in a hostile way towards Isaac. Alternate translation: “Therefore Abimelech said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
1726	26:16	e8vy			much mightier than we	0	“much stronger than we are”
1727	26:17	tz3u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	So Isaac departed	0	Only Isaac is mentioned because he is the leader, but his family and servants went with him. Alternate translation: “So Isaac and his household left” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1728	26:18	r15b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Isaac dug out	0	Here “Isaac” stands for Isaac and his servants. Alternate translation: “Isaac and his servants dug out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1729	26:18	hly9			which they had dug	0	“which Abraham’s servants had dug”
1730	26:18	c6vy			in the days of Abraham his father	0	“during his father Abraham’s lifetime” or “when Abraham, his father, was living”
1731	26:18	sn3p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events	The Philistines had stopped them up	0	This was the reason that Isaac dug them out. Possible ways to translate this are: (1) Since this happened first, this sentence can come before the sentence about Isaac digging them out, as in the UST. or (2) This sentence can start with “Isaac did this because the Philistines had stopped them up.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
1732	26:18	jfl7			had stopped them up	0	“had filled them with earth”
1733	26:19	b9ic		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	flowing water	0	This phrase refers to a natural spring they uncovered when they were digging a new well. It provided a continuous flow of fresh drinking water. Alternate translation: “fresh water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1734	26:20	m6un			herdsmen	0	men who tended livestock
1735	26:20	ls3b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	This water is ours	0	Here “ours” refers to the herdsmen of Gerar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1736	26:20	nw21		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Esek	0	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Esek means ‘quarrel’ or ‘argue.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1737	26:21	kan5			Then they dug	0	“Then Isaac’s servants dug”
1738	26:21	t12r			they quarreled	0	“the herdsmen of Gerar argued with Isaac’s herdsmen”
1739	26:21	ss3i			so he gave it	0	“so Isaac gave it”
1740	26:21	ny83		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Sitnah	0	Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Sitnah means ‘oppose’ or ‘accuse.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1741	26:22	gd8u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Rehoboth	0	Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Rehoboth means ‘make room for’ or ‘empty place.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1742	26:22	kj55			us & we	0	Isaac was speaking about himself and his household.
1743	26:23	ct3x			Isaac went up from there to Beersheba	0	Here “went up” is probably a reference to going north. Say that he departed in the most natural way for your language. Alternate translation: “Isaac left there and went to Beersheba”
1744	26:24	sq69			multiply your descendants	0	“will cause your descendants to increase greatly” or “will cause your descendants to be very many”
1745	26:24	j1jd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	for my servant Abraham’s sake	0	“for my servant Abraham” or you can make the full meaning explicit. Alternate translation: “because I promised my servant Abraham that I would do this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1746	26:25	g525		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Isaac built an altar there	0	You can make explicit why Isaac built an altar. Alternate translation: “Isaac built an altar there to sacrifice to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1747	26:25	pam6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	called on the name of Yahweh	0	To “call on” means to pray or to worship. Here “name” stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh” or “worshiped Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1748	26:26	k6ep			went to him	0	“went to Isaac”
1749	26:26	ls17		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahuzzath	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1750	26:26	lca7			his friend	0	Possible meanings are (1) “Abimelech’s friend” or (2) “Abimelech’s advisor.”
1751	26:26	mcz9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Phicol	0	This is the name of a man. See how you translated his name in [Genesis 21:22](../21/22.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1752	26:28	pw9y			they said	0	This refers to Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol. One of them spoke and the other two agreed with what he said. It does not mean they all spoke at the same time. Alternate translation: “one of them said”
1753	26:28	pt6d			We have clearly seen	0	“We know” or “We are certain”
1754	26:28	wg9d			So let us make a covenant	0	“So we want to make a covenant”
1755	26:29	b7sa			and as we have treated you well	0	This can also be translated as the beginning of a new sentence. “We have done only good to you”
1756	26:29	qgj3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	you are blessed by Yahweh	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has blessed you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1757	26:30	ur1a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Isaac made a feast for them, and they ate and drank	0	Eating a meal together was a part of making a covenant with one another. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1758	26:30	wvz4			for them	0	Here “them” refers to “Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol”
1759	26:30	rb7d			they ate	0	Here “they” refers to Isaac, Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol. Alternate translation: “they all ate”
1760	26:31	bpu3			They rose early	0	“They awoke early”
1761	26:33	l4xz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	He called the well Shibah	0	“So he called the well Shibah.” Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Shibah sounds like the word that means ‘oath.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1762	26:33	ymy1			Beersheba	0	Translators may add a footnote saying “Beersheba can mean either “well of the oath” or “well of seven.” (See note on [Genesis 21:32](../21/32.md))
1763	26:34	mr5x			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nMost of Genesis 26 was about Isaac. These verses are about his older son Esau.
1764	26:34	n2fj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	forty	0	“40” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1765	26:34	f6p7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	he took a wife	0	“he married.” You can state explicitly that he married two women. Alternate translation: “he took two wives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1766	26:34	n6q3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Judith & Basemath	0	These are the names of Esau’s wives. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1767	26:34	vpc3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Beeri & Elon	0	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1768	26:34	es97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the Hittite	0	“the descendant of Heth” or “a descendant of Heth.” The Hittite people were the descendants of Heth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1769	26:35	tfu7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They brought sorrow to Isaac and Rebekah	0	Here “they” refers to Judith and Basemath. To make someone sorrowful or miserable is spoken of as if “sorrow” were an object that a person could bring to another person. Alternate translation: “They made Isaac and Rebekah sorrowful” or “Isaac and Rebekah were miserable because of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1770	27:intro	r9m3				0	# Genesis 27 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 27:27-29 and in 27:39-40.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n### Blessing\nIn the ancient Near East, a father’s blessing was very important. This spoken blessing was legally binding. Jacob previously received the birthright from Esau and was guaranteed the double portion of land money that was supposed to be inherited by the older son, Esau. In this chapter, Jacob tricks Isaac into giving him Esau’s blessing. This means that he is to inherit the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/birthright]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
1771	27:1	dk7f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	his eyes were dim	0	This speaks about being nearly blind as if the eyes were a lamp and the light has nearly gone out. Alternate translation: “he was nearly blind” or “he was almost blind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1772	27:1	xl56			Here I am	0	“I am here” or “I am listening.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md).
1773	27:2	chx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	See here	0	The phrase “see here” adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1774	27:2	r5ug		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I do not know the day of my death	0	It is implied that Isaac knows he will die soon. Alternate translation: “I may die any day now” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1775	27:2	djk1			death	0	This refers to physical death.
1776	27:3	g526			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nIsaac continues giving instructions to his older son Isaac.
1777	27:3	dk3j			your weapons	0	“your hunting equipment”
1778	27:3	q9sp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	your quiver	0	A quiver is a case for holding arrows. Alternate translation: “your quiver of arrows” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1779	27:3	r6x1			hunt game for me	0	“hunt a wild animal for me”
1780	27:4	z48e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Make delicious food for me, the sort that I love	0	The word “delicious” refers to something that tastes very good. Alternate translation: “Cook for me the tasty meat that I love” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1781	27:4	wt6a			bless you	0	In Bible times, a father would often pronounce a formal blessing on his children.
1782	27:5	xjr9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background		0	This verse is background information for the description of the events that follow. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1783	27:5	wkc6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now	0	This verse is background information for the description of the events that follow. The word “now” shows that the author is going to begin to talk about Rebekah and Jacob. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1784	27:5	f3na			Rebekah heard it when Isaac spoke to Esau his son	0	“Rebekah heard Isaac speaking to his son Esau”
1785	27:5	wpq7			to Esau his son	0	Esau was the son of both Isaac and Rebekah. The author calls Esau “his son” to emphasize that Isaac preferred Esau over Isaac.
1786	27:6	jlu7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background		0	This verse continues the background information that begins with the words “Now Rebekah heard” in verse 5. It is background information for the description of the events that follow. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1787	27:6	fr9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	Rebekah spoke to Jacob	0	This verse continues the background information that begins with the words “Esau went … bring it back” in verse 5. It is background information for the description of the events that follow. After Esau leaves, Rebekah speaks to Jacob because of what she has heard. “So when Esau went … bring it back, Rebekah spoke to Jacob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1788	27:6	j6cj			to Jacob her son	0	Jacob was the son of both Isaac and Rebekah. The author calls Jacob “her son” here to emphasize that Rebekah preferred Jacob over Esau.
1789	27:6	yc8h			See here	0	The phrase “see here” adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully”
1790	27:7	nl2j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	‘Bring me game and make me delicious food, that I may eat it and bless you in the presence of Yahweh before my death.’	0	These are the words that the author introduces with the words “He said” in verse 6. This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. “He told Esau to hunt a wild animal, and to make the tasty meat that he loves. Then before he dies, your father will bless Esau in the presence of Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1791	27:7	chc2			Bring me game	0	“Bring me a wild animal that you hunt and kill”
1792	27:7	epu1			make me delicious food	0	“cook for me the tasty meat that I love.” See how this was translated in [Genesis 27:4](../27/04.md).
1793	27:7	tq2y			bless you in the presence of Yahweh	0	“bless you before Yahweh”
1794	27:7	ei7n			before my death	0	“before I die”
1795	27:8	f173			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nRebekah continues to speak to her younger son Jacob.
1796	27:8	y3a9			Now	0	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
1797	27:8	g188		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	obey my voice as I command you	0	Rebekah said “my voice” to refer to what she was saying. Alternate translation: “obey me and do what I tell you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1798	27:9	vla2			I will make delicious food from them for your father, just like he loves	0	The word “delicious” refers to something that tastes very good. See how a similar sentence was translated in [Genesis 27:4](../27/04.md).
1799	27:10	jnw9			You will take it to your father	0	“Then take it to your father”
1800	27:10	y1kp			so that he may eat it, so that he may bless you	0	“and after he eats it, he will bless you”
1801	27:10	j39b			he may bless you	0	The word “bless” refers to the formal blessing a father pronounces on his children.
1802	27:10	g1ev			before his death	0	“before he dies”
1803	27:11	qtd3			I am a smooth man	0	“I am a man with smooth skin” or “I am not hairy”
1804	27:12	t3a4			I will seem to him as a deceiver	0	“he will think that I am a liar” or “he will know that I am deceiving him”
1805	27:12	s8h4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will bring a curse upon me and not a blessing	0	Being cursed or blessed is spoken of as if a curse and a blessing are objects that are placed on a person. Alternate translation: “Then because of this, he will curse me and not bless me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1806	27:13	svh3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	My son, let any curse fall on me	0	“let your curse be on me, my son.” Being cursed is spoken of as if the curse were on object that is placed on the person. Alternate translation: “let your father curse me instead of you, my son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1807	27:13	yj3y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	obey my voice	0	Rebekah said “my voice” to refer to what she was saying. Alternate translation: “obey what I tell you” or “obey me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1808	27:13	p12u			bring them to me	0	“bring me the young goats”
1809	27:14	fje9			made delicious food, just like his father loved	0	The word “delicious” refers to something that tastes very good. See how a similar sentence was translated in [Genesis 27:4](../27/04.md).
1810	27:16	cd2u			She put the skins of the young goats on his hands	0	The goat skins still had the hair on them.
1811	27:17	zjt6			She put the delicious food and the bread that she had prepared into the hand of her son Jacob	0	“She gave to her son Jacob the delicious food and bread which she had prepared”
1812	27:18	ak4j			Here I am	0	“Yes, I am listening” or “Yes, what is it?” See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md).
1813	27:19	rss2			I have done as you said to me	0	“I have done what you told me to do”
1814	27:19	h2fq			some of my game	0	The word “game” refers to wild animals that someone hunts and kills. See how “game” was translated in [Genesis 27:3](../27/03.md).
1815	27:20	rke8			He said	0	“Jacob replied”
1816	27:20	wk6c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	brought it to me	0	This is an idiom meaning that God caused it to happen. Alternate translation: “helped me to succeed while hunting” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1817	27:21	jmh1			whether you are my true son Esau or not	0	“if you are really my son Esau”
1818	27:22	zy8a			Jacob went over to Isaac his father	0	“Jacob approached Isaac his father”
1819	27:22	g574		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The voice is Jacob’s voice	0	Here Issac speaks of Jacob’s voice as representing Jacob. Alternate translation: “You sound like Jacob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1820	27:22	yi47		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	but the hands are the hands of Esau	0	Here Issac speaks of Esau’s hands as representing Esau. Alternate translation: “but your hands feel like Esau’s hands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1821	27:24	wi51		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events	He said	0	Isaac asks this question before blessing his son. Alternate translation: “But first Isaac asked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
1822	27:25	sqb8			eat of your game	0	The word “game” refers to a wild animal that people hunt and kill. See how “game” was translated in [Genesis 27:7](../27/07.md).
1823	27:25	w6sf			he drank	0	“Isaac drank it”
1824	27:27	tr1w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	he smelled the smell of his clothes and blessed him	0	It can be made explicit that the clothes smelled like Esau’s clothes. Alternate translation: “he smelled his clothes and they smelled like Esau’s clothes, so Isaac blessed him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1825	27:27	nr5p			he smelled	0	“Isaac smelled”
1826	27:27	e57u			the smell	0	“the scent”
1827	27:27	t86t			blessed him	0	“then he blessed him.” This refers to the formal blessing a father pronounces on his children.
1828	27:27	m1kb			See, the smell of my son	0	The word “see” is used as an emphatic figure of speech to mean “it is true.” Alternate translation: “Truly, the smell of my son”
1829	27:27	s46h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	that Yahweh has blessed	0	Here the word “blessed” means that Yahweh has caused good things to happen to the field and it has become fruitful. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh has caused to be very productive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1830	27:28	q1wj			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThis is Isaac’s blessing. He thought he was speaking to Esau, but he was speaking to Jacob.
1831	27:28	e1me		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	give you	0	Here “you” is singular and refers to Jacob. But the blessing would also apply to Jacob’s descendants. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1832	27:28	v1nn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	dew of heaven	0	“Dew” is drops of water that form on the plants during the night. This can be made explicit in the translation. Alternate translation: “night mist from heaven to water your crops” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1833	27:28	wst4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	fatness of the earth	0	Having fertile land is spoken of as if the earth were fat or rich. Alternate translation: “good soil for producing crops” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1834	27:28	hlu3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	plenty of grain and new wine	0	If “grain” and “wine” are unknown, this can be stated more generally. Alternate translation: “plenty of food and drink” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1835	27:29	z9hr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	you & your	0	Here these pronouns are singular and refer to Jacob. But the blessing also applies to Jacob’s descendants. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1836	27:29	i4ct		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	nations bow down	0	Here “nations” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “people from all nations bow down” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1837	27:29	qa8g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	bow down	0	This means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1838	27:29	z1qi			Be master over your brothers	0	“Become a master over your brothers”
1839	27:29	lvg1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	your brothers & your mother’s sons	0	Isaac is speaking this blessing directly to Jacob. But, it also applies to Jacob’s descendants who will rule over the descendants of Esau and the descendants of any other of Jacob’s brothers that he may have. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1840	27:29	vc3p			may your mother’s sons bow down to you	0	“your mother’s sons will bow down to you”
1841	27:29	af44		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	May every one who curses you be cursed	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May God curse everyone who curses you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1842	27:29	rwr2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	may every one who blesses you be blessed	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May God bless everyone who blesses you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1843	27:30	dae7			had scarcely gone out from the presence of Isaac his father	0	“had just left the tent of Isaac his father”
1844	27:31	htl4			delicious food	0	“tasty meat that I love.” See how this was translated in [Genesis 27:3](../27/03.md).
1845	27:31	jjd8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	some of your son’s game	0	Here “your son’s” was a polite way of Esau referring to his own food he prepared. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1846	27:31	r39y			your son’s game	0	The word “game” refers to wild animals that people hunt to eat. See how “game” was translated in [Genesis 27:7](../27/07.md).
1847	27:31	p6yp			bless me	0	This refers to the formal blessing a father pronounces on his children.
1848	27:32	qzp4			said to him	0	“said to Esau”
1849	27:33	s8l1			Isaac trembled	0	“Isaac began to shake”
1850	27:33	vrt1			hunted this game	0	Game refers to a wild animal that people hunt and kill. See how “game” was translated in [Genesis 27:7](../27/07.md).
1851	27:34	g5y4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he cried with a very great and bitter cry	0	Esau’s anguish was similar to the taste of something bitter. Alternate translation: “he cried loudly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1852	27:35	xrv3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	has taken away your blessing	0	This is a figure of speech meaning Jacob took what was Esau’s. Alternate translation: “I have blessed him instead of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1853	27:36	vpk4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is he not rightly named Jacob?	0	Esau uses a question to emphasize his anger at Jacob. Alternate translation: “Jacob is certainly the right name for my brother!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1854	27:36	rq3b			Jacob	0	Translators may also add a footnote that says: “The name Jacob means ‘he grasps the heel.’ In the original language the name ‘Jacob’ also sounds like the word for ‘he deceives.’”
1855	27:36	s7al		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He took away my birthright	0	This speaks about a birthright as if it were an object that a person could take away. Alternate translation: “What was once my birthright is now his because he tricked me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1856	27:36	d3f1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	now he has taken away my blessing	0	This speaks about a blessing as if it were an object that person could take away. Alternate translation: “now he has tricked you into blessing him instead of me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1857	27:36	bej9			Have you not reserved a blessing for me	0	Esau knows that his father cannot bless him with the same things that he blessed Jacob. Esau is asking if there is anything left to say to him that Isaac did not say while blessing Jacob.
1858	27:37	z3vr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What more can I do for you, my son?	0	Isaac uses a question to emphasize that there is nothing else he can do. Alternate translation: “There is nothing else I can do for you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1859	27:38	xf7q			Have you not even one blessing for me, my father	0	This can be stated in positive form. “My father, do you have one more blessing for me”
1860	27:39	yu4i			said to him	0	“said to Esau”
1861	27:39	j4p8			Look, the place	0	“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: the place”
1862	27:39	ykr5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	far from the richness of the earth	0	This is a figure of speech referring to the earth’s fertility. Alternate translation: “far from the fertile soil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1863	27:39	xpl9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	dew of the sky above	0	“Dew” is drops of water that form on the plants during the night. This can be made explicit in the translation. Alternate translation: “the night mist from the sky to water your crops” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1864	27:40	vn48		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	your & you	0	In 27:39-40 these pronouns are singular and refer to Esau, but what Isaac says also applies to Esau’s descendants (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1865	27:40	tzg9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	By your sword you will live	0	Here “sword” stands for violence. Alternate translation: “You will rob and kill people in order to get what you need to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1866	27:40	rvk2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you will shake his yoke from off your neck	0	This speaks about someone having a master as if the master’s control over the person were a yoke that the person had to carry. Alternate translation: “you will free yourself from his control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1867	27:41	ajl9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Esau said in his heart	0	Here “heart” stands for Esau himself. Alternate translation: “Esau said to himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1868	27:41	f5u3			days of mourning for my father are near	0	This refers to a number of days a person grieves when a family member dies.
1869	27:42	xuy8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The words of Esau her older son were told to Rebekah	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told Rebekah about Esau’s plan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1870	27:42	f45j			See	0	“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1871	27:42	n35u			is consoling himself	0	“is making himself feel better”
1872	27:43	n2yn			Now	0	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
1873	27:43	h9zp			flee to Laban	0	“leave here quickly and go to Laban”
1874	27:44	f6w6			for a while	0	“for a period of time”
1875	27:44	nuh4			until your brother’s fury subsides	0	“until you brother calms down”
1876	27:45	bkx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	until your brother’s anger turns away from you	0	No longer being angry is spoken of as if the anger turns to a different direction away from the person. Alternate translation: “until he is no longer angry with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1877	27:45	s57p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why should I lose you both in one day?	0	Rebekah uses a question to emphasize her concern. Alternate translation: “I do not want to lose both of you in one day!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1878	27:45	b5v1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I lose you both in one day	0	It is implied that if Esau kills Jacob, then they will execute Esau as a murderer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1879	27:45	mt31		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	I lose	0	This is a polite way of referring to her sons dying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1880	27:46	z2lw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	I am weary of life	0	Rebekah is exaggerating to emphasize how upset she is about the Hittite women that Esau married. Alternate translation: “I am terribly upset” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1881	27:46	d19k			the daughters of Heth	0	“these Hittite women” or “descendants of Heth”
1882	27:46	ujy2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	like these women, some of the daughters of the land	0	The phrase “daughters of the land” means the local females. Alternate translation: “like these women who live in this land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1883	27:46	z91x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	what good will my life be to me?	0	Rebekah uses a question to emphasize how upset she would be if Jacob marries a Hittite woman. Alternate translation: “My life will be awful!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1884	28:intro	t611				0	# Genesis 28 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nEven though Jacob tricked his father in order to receive Esau’s blessing, the chapter repeats the blessing, ensuring he inherits the blessings promised to Abraham. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Jacob’s dream\nJacob had a dream or received a vision. The purpose of this dream is to show that, despite Jacob’s sin, God is giving Abraham’s covenant promises to Jacob and his descendants. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])\n\n### Bethel\nThis was an important city for Abraham and his descendants. It is possible that there is some theological significance to the city of Bethel.
1885	28:1	nl2p			You must not take	0	“Do not take”
1886	28:2	jcc6			Arise, go	0	“Go right away”
1887	28:2	ptv8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Paddan Aram	0	This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. See how this was translated in [Genesis 25:20](../25/20.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1888	28:2	dv3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	house of	0	This refers to a person’s descendants or other relatives. Alternate translation: “family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1889	28:2	m29w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bethuel	0	Bethuel was Rebekah’s father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22](../22/22.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1890	28:2	dh9y			your mother’s father	0	“your grandfather”
1891	28:2	fqr7			one of the daughters	0	“from the daughters”
1892	28:2	a74b			your mother’s brother	0	“your uncle”
1893	28:3	u2mm			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nIsaac continues speaking to Jacob
1894	28:3	qw5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	make you fruitful and multiply you	0	The word “multiply” explains how God would make Jacob “fruitful.” Alternate translation: “give you many children and descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1895	28:4	nas7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	May he give you the blessing of Abraham, to you, and to your descendants after you	0	This speaks about blessing someone as if a blessing were an object that a person can give. The abstract noun “the blessing” can be stated as “bless.” Alternate translation: “May God bless you and your descendants as he blessed Abraham” or “May God give to you and your descendants what he promised to Abraham” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1896	28:4	eja3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	that you may inherit the land	0	God giving the land of Canaan to Jacob and his descendants is spoken of as if a child were inheriting money or possessions from his father. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1897	28:4	da2s			the land where you have been living	0	“the land where you have been staying”
1898	28:4	yx4w			which God gave to Abraham	0	“which God promised to Abraham”
1899	28:5	c4ky		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Paddan Aram	0	This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. See how this was translated in [Genesis 25:20](../25/20.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1900	28:5	ses3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bethuel	0	Bethuel was Rebekah’s father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22](../22/22.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1901	28:6	b2pg			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThe story changes from Jacob to Esau
1902	28:6	mjy9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now	0	This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Esau. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1903	28:6	ic25		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Paddan Aram	0	This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. See how this was translated in [Genesis 25:20](../25/20.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1904	28:6	avf6			to take a wife	0	“to take a wife for himself”
1905	28:6	epz3			He also saw that Isaac had blessed him	0	“Esau also saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob”
1906	28:6	xj5i			You must not take	0	“Do not take”
1907	28:6	sp4g			women of Canaan	0	“daughters of Canaan” or “Canaanite women”
1908	28:8	gmv1			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThis continues the background information about Esau.
1909	28:8	h454			Esau saw	0	“Esau realized”
1910	28:8	a14e			the women of Canaan did not please Isaac his father	0	“his father Isaac did not approve of the women of Canaan”
1911	28:8	sp9b			women of Canaan	0	“daughters of Canaan” or “the Canaanite women”
1912	28:9	pn6x			So he went	0	“Because of that, he went”
1913	28:9	e5ya			besides the wives that he had	0	“in addition to the wives that he already had”
1914	28:9	l4pn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mahalath	0	This is the name of one of Ishmael’s daughters. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1915	28:9	su64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nebaioth	0	This is the name of one of Ishmael’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1916	28:10	uh6w			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThe story switches back to Jacob
1917	28:11	ru38			He came to a certain place and stayed there all night, because the sun had set	0	“He came to a certain place and, because the sun had set, he decided to stay for the night”
1918	28:12	mwk8			He dreamed	0	“Jacob had a dream”
1919	28:12	z48g			set up on the earth	0	“with the bottom of it touching the ground”
1920	28:12	pn7d			reached to heaven	0	This refers to the place where God lives.
1921	28:13	ax75			Behold	0	The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
1922	28:13	wwx2			Yahweh stood above it	0	Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh was standing at the top of the stairway” or (2) “Yahweh was standing next to Jacob”
1923	28:13	a91d			Abraham your father	0	Here “father” means “ancestor.” Alternate translation: “Abraham your ancestor” or “Abraham your forefather”
1924	28:14	j413			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nGod continues to talk to Jacob in a dream.
1925	28:14	wu5i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth	0	God compares Jacob’s descendants to the dust of the earth to emphasize their huge number. Alternate translation: “You will have more descendants than you can count” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1926	28:14	pyi5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you will spread far out to the west	0	The word “you” is singular and refers to Jacob. Here Jacob represents his descendants. Alternate translation: “your descendants will spread out to the west” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1927	28:14	fby4			you will spread far out	0	This means the people will extend the borders of their land and occupy more territory.
1928	28:14	hn6s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	to the west, to the east, to the north, and to the south	0	This phrases are used together to mean “all directions.” Alternate translation: “in all directions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1929	28:14	i1qm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Through you and through your descendants will all the families of the earth be blessed	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will bless all families on the earth through you and your descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1930	28:15	yb1m			Behold, I am	0	“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I am”
1931	28:15	n4tr			for I will not leave you. I will do all	0	“for I will not leave you until I have done all”
1932	28:15	gr8q			I will keep you	0	“I will keep you safe” or “I will protect you”
1933	28:15	em1w			I will bring you into this land again	0	“I will bring you back to this land”
1934	28:16	t191			awoke out of his sleep	0	“woke up from his sleep”
1935	28:17	h8p1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	the house of God & the gate of heaven	0	The phrase “the gate of heaven” explains that this place is the entrance to “the house of God” and “the entrance to where God lives.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1936	28:17	hc3f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This is the gate of heaven	0	This speaks about the entrance to the place where God lives as if it were a literal kingdom that had a gate that someone has to open to let people in. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1937	28:18	e2b6			pillar	0	This is a memorial pillar, that is, simply a large stone or boulder set up on its end.
1938	28:18	grd4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	poured oil upon the top of it	0	This action symbolizes that Jacob is dedicating the pillar to God. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “poured oil on the top of it in order to dedicate the pillar to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1939	28:19	hv4e			Bethel	0	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Bethel means ‘house of God.’”
1940	28:19	u3i9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Luz	0	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1941	28:20	bas3			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nJacob begins to make a vow to Yahweh.
1942	28:20	p422			vowed a vow	0	“made a vow” or “solemnly promised God”
1943	28:20	dm3m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	If God will & clothes to wear	0	Jacob is speaking to God in the third person. This can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: “If you will … clothes to wear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1944	28:20	ye9d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	on this road on which I am walking	0	This stands for Jacob’s journey to find a wife and to return home. Alternate translation: “on this journey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1945	28:20	vwl3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	will give me bread to eat	0	Here “bread” stands for food in general. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1946	28:21	t1uz			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nThe vow that began with the words “If God will … clothes to wear” in verse 20 continues here.
1947	28:21	my56		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	so that I return safely & then Yahweh will be my God	0	The vow that began with the words “If God will … clothes to wear” in verse 20 continues here. Jacob is speaking to God in the third person. This can be stated in the second person. “If you will … clothes to wear … so that I return safely … then you, Yahweh, will be the God that I will worship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1948	28:21	lw1z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to my father’s house	0	Here “house” stands for Jacob’s family. Alternate translation: “to my father and the rest of my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1949	28:22	auv9			a sacred stone	0	This means that the stone will mark the place where God appeared to him and it will be a place where people can worship God. Alternate translation: “God’s house” or “God’s place”
1950	29:intro	cbq8				0	# Genesis 29 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\nThis chapter records the conflict between Jacob’s wives, Rachel and Leah. This account continues into the next chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Shepherds\nAlthough the exact reasoning for the shepherds’ unwillingness to give water to the sheep is unknown, it is probable they were being lazy. The actions of these shepherds contrast Jacob’s actions.\n\n### Kissing\nIt was common in the ancient Near East for relatives to greet each other with a kiss. There was nothing sexual about this type of kissing.\n\n### Marriage\nIt was customary in the ancient Near East for a man to work for a woman’s father in order to earn the right to marry her. It is unknown how common it was for a father to have his younger daughter marry before an older daughter. It was also sinful for Jacob to marry more than one wife. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
1951	29:1	lq7q			the people of the east	0	This means the people of Paddan Aram, which is a land east of the land of Canaan.
1952	29:2	jxn8			and, behold, three flocks of sheep were lying there by it	0	The word “behold” marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of doing this.
1953	29:2	hn73		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	For out of that well	0	“For from that well.” This phrase marks a change from the story to background information about how the shepherds watered the flocks. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1954	29:2	lfz9			they would water	0	“the shepherds would water” or “those taking care of the sheep would water”
1955	29:2	e7ms		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the well’s mouth	0	Here “mouth” is a way of referring to an opening. Alternate translation: “the opening of the well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1956	29:4	uup8			Jacob said to them	0	“Jacob said to the shepherds”
1957	29:4	th3u			My brothers	0	This is a polite way to greet a stranger.
1958	29:5	l8t8			Laban son of Nahor	0	Here “son” refers to a male descendant. Another possible meaning is “Laban the grandson of Nahor.”
1959	29:6	g1kl			and, look there, Rachel his daughter is coming with the sheep	0	“Now look! Rachel his daughter is coming with the sheep”
1960	29:7	vjn6			it is the middle of the day	0	“the sun is still high in the sky” or “the sun is still shining brightly”
1961	29:7	wsp1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	for the flocks to be gathered together	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for you to gather the flocks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1962	29:7	kul5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	to be gathered together	0	This means to gather them together inside a fence for them to stay for the night. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1963	29:7	eea1			let them graze	0	“let them eat grass in the field”
1964	29:8	vp42			We cannot water them	0	“We have to wait to water them.” This has to do with timing, not permission.
1965	29:8	w41a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	until all the flocks are gathered together	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until the other shepherds gather their flocks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1966	29:8	q2rs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	from the well’s mouth	0	Here “mouth” is way of referring to an opening. Alternate translation: “from the well” or “from the opening of the well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1967	29:8	f3hm			and we will water the sheep	0	“then we will water the sheep”
1968	29:10	lk18			his mother’s brother	0	“his uncle”
1969	29:10	l4ls		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the well’s mouth	0	Here “mouth” is a way of referring to an opening. Alternate translation: “the well” or “the opening of the well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1970	29:11	dr7v			Jacob kissed Rachel	0	In ancient Near East, it is common to greet a relative with a kiss. However, it is normally done between men. If your language has an affectionate greeting for a relative, use that. If not, use what is appropriate.
1971	29:11	bje4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	wept loudly	0	Jacob weeps because he is so happy. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1972	29:12	rxl5			her father’s relative	0	“related to her father”
1973	29:13	vkr1			his sister’s son	0	“his nephew”
1974	29:13	g5et			embraced him	0	“hugged him”
1975	29:13	arl7			kissed him	0	In ancient Near East, it is common to greet a relative with a kiss. However, it is normally done between men. If your language has an affectionate greeting for a relative, use that. If not, use what is appropriate.
1976	29:13	ze3q			Jacob told Laban all these things	0	“then Jacob told Laban everything he told Rachel”
1977	29:14	klc2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my bone and my flesh	0	This phrase means they are directly related. Alternate translation: “my relative” or “a member of my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1978	29:15	i5a9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Should you serve me for nothing & my relative?	0	Laban uses a question to emphasize that he should pay Jacob for working for him. The question can be translated as a statement. This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “It is certainly right that I should pay you for working for me even though you are my relative.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1979	29:16	yvd6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now Laban had	0	The word “now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Laban and his daughters. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1980	29:17	daa9			Leah’s eyes were tender	0	Possible meanings are (1) “Leah’s eyes were pretty” or (2) “Leah’s eyes were plain”
1981	29:18	jsx9			Jacob loved Rachel	0	Here the word “loved” refers to a romantic attraction between a man and a woman.
1982	29:19	d6zk			than that I should give her to another man	0	“rather than give her to another man”
1983	29:20	p6uz			and they seemed to him only a few days	0	“but the time seemed to him to be only a few days”
1984	29:20	p7wx			for the love he had for her	0	“on account of the love he had for her” or “because of his love for her”
1985	29:21	nz7t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Give me my wife, for my days have been completed—so that I may marry her!	0	The phrase “have been completed” can be stated in active form. The statement is emphatic. Alternate translation: Give me my wife, so that I may marry her, for I have completed the length of time that I was to work for you!”Give me Rachel so that I may marry her, for I have worked seven years for you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1986	29:22	kln5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	made a feast	0	“prepared a wedding feast.” Most likely Laban had others prepare the feast. Alternate translation: “had others prepare a wedding feast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1987	29:23	q4m4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	who went in to her	0	“who had sexual relations with her.” You may need to use other, more polite words here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1988	29:24	yic2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Laban gave his female servant Zilpah & her servant	0	Here the author gives background information about Laban giving Zilpah to Leah. Most likely he gave Zilpah to Leah before the wedding. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1989	29:24	n874		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zilpah	0	This is the name of Leah’s female servant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1990	29:25	m2hu			behold, it was Leah	0	“Jacob was surprised to see it was Leah in bed with him.” The word “behold” here shows that Jacob was surprised by what he saw.
1991	29:25	ji15		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What is this you have done to me?	0	Jacob uses a question to express his anger and surprise. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot believe you did this to me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1992	29:25	g6rs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Did I not serve you for Rachel?	0	Jacob uses these questions to express his hurt that Laban had tricked him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I served you for seven years to marry Rachel!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1993	29:26	gfg2			It is not our custom to give	0	“In our family we do not give”
1994	29:27	ly1t			Complete the bridal week of this daughter	0	“Finish celebrating Leah’s bridal week”
1995	29:27	vma8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	we will give you the other also	0	The full meaning can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “next week we will give you Rachel also” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1996	29:28	a6qr			Jacob did so, and completed Leah’s week	0	“And Jacob did what Laban asked, and finished celebrating Leah’s bridal week”
1997	29:29	g7yl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bilhah	0	This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1998	29:30	zix1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Jacob went in to Rachel	0	“Jacob had sexual relations with Rachel.” You may need to use other, more polite words here. See how similar words are translated in [Genesis 29:23](../29/23.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1999	29:30	q996			he loved Rachel	0	This refers to the romantic love between a man and a woman.
2000	29:31	s19a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Leah was not loved	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Jacob did not love Leah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2001	29:31	lk3e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	not loved	0	This is an exaggeration to emphasize that Jacob loved Rachel more than Leah. Alternate translation: “loved less than Rachel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2002	29:31	t2ud		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	so he opened her womb	0	God causing Leah to be able to become pregnant is spoken of as if God is opening her womb. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2003	29:31	snn8			was childless	0	“was not able to become pregnant”
2004	29:32	w9x3			Leah conceived and bore a son	0	“Leah became pregnant and gave birth to a son”
2005	29:32	j9j3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	she called his name Reuben	0	Translators may also add a footnote that says: “The name Reuben means ‘See, a son.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2006	29:32	p4ip		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Yahweh has looked upon my affliction	0	Leah was experiencing emotional pain because Jacob had rejected her. The abstract noun “affliction” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Yahweh saw that I was suffering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2007	29:33	ff7r			Then she conceived	0	“Then Leah became pregnant”
2008	29:33	jl8z			bore a son	0	“gave birth to a son”
2009	29:33	djc1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Yahweh has heard that I am unloved	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has heard that my husband does not love me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2010	29:33	dlg9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	she called his name Simeon	0	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Simeon means ‘heard.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2011	29:34	tv8t			will my husband be attached to me	0	“my husband will embrace me”
2012	29:34	q2up			I have borne him three sons	0	“I have given birth to three sons for him”
2013	29:34	bz8c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	his name was called Levi	0	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Levi means ‘attached.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2014	29:35	x9x6			She conceived again	0	“Leah became pregnant again”
2015	29:35	acb5			bore a son	0	“gave birth to a son”
2016	29:35	xp9g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	she called his name Judah	0	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Judah means ‘praise.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2017	30:intro	g8rn				0	# Genesis 30 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter continues the story of the conflict between Rachel and Leah.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Women and their children\nIn the ancient Near East, it was important for a married woman to have many children. If a woman did not have many children, people believed it brought shame upon her. This is one of the reasons why Rachel and Leah were always jealous of each other. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]])\n\n### Speckled and spotted\nSpeckled and spotted sheep were considered to be imperfect. Therefore, they were considered to be much less valuable than the spotless sheep. Despite Jacob’s fair offer, Laban once again tried to cheat him out of something he deserved. Jacob anticipated Laban’s cheating.
2018	30:1	b8mq			When Rachel saw that she bore Jacob no children	0	“When Rachel realized that she was unable to become preganant”
2019	30:1	ct56		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	I will die	0	Rachel is exaggerating to show how upset she is about not having children. Alternate translation: “I will feel completely worthless” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2020	30:1	v6l6			Give me children	0	“Cause me to become pregnant”
2021	30:2	rs2s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jacob’s anger burned against Rachel	0	Jacob’s anger is spoken of as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: “Jacob was very angry with Rachel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2022	30:2	b7dm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Am I in the place of God, who has kept you from having children?	0	This is a rhetorical question that Jacob uses to scold Rachel. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not God! I am not the one who is preventing you from having children!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2023	30:3	dh9k			She said	0	“Rachel said”
2024	30:3	y5pn			See	0	“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
2025	30:3	rc5q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	there is my servant Bilhah & I will have children by her	0	At that time, this was an acceptable way for a barren woman to have children that would legally belong to her. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2026	30:3	u6p8			Bilhah	0	This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/29.md).
2027	30:3	fqb3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Go in to her	0	This is a polite way of talking about sexual relations. You may need to use different words in your language. Alternate translation: “Have sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2028	30:3	jt2n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	on my knees	0	This is a way of saying that the child that Bilhah gives birth to will belong to Rachel. Alternate translation: “for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2029	30:3	fu33			I will have children by her	0	“and in this way she will cause me to have children”
2030	30:4	m19u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Jacob went in to her	0	This is a polite way of talking about sexual relations. You may need to use different words in your language. Alternate translation: “Jacob had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2031	30:5	e6rx			Bilhah	0	This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/29.md).
2032	30:5	j1wf			bore Jacob a son	0	“gave birth to a son for Jacob”
2033	30:6	m82y			she called his name	0	“Rachel gave him the name”
2034	30:6	qy9x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	called his name Dan	0	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Dan means ‘he judged.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2035	30:7	d11y			Bilhah & conceived again	0	“Bilhah … became pregnant again”
2036	30:7	e4tc			bore Jacob a second son	0	“gave birth to a second son for Jacob”
2037	30:8	xbz2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	With mighty wrestlings have I wrestled with my sister	0	The phrase “wrestlings have I wrestled” is an idiom used for emphasis. It is also a metaphor that speaks of Rachel’s attempts to have a child like her sister as if she were having a physical fight with Leah. Alternate translation: “I have had a great struggle to have children like my older sister, Leah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2038	30:8	p9q6			have prevailed	0	“I have won” or “I have succeeded”
2039	30:8	gy77			called his name Naphtali	0	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Naphtali means ‘my struggle.’”
2040	30:9	n7if			When Leah saw that	0	“When Leah became aware that”
2041	30:9	ct6f			she took Zilpah, her servant, and gave her to Jacob as a wife	0	“she gave Zilpah, her servant, to Jacob as a wife”
2042	30:9	mw56			Zilpah	0	This is the name of Leah’s female servant. See how you translated this in [Genesis 29:24](../29/24.md).
2043	30:10	pf1k			bore Jacob a son	0	“gave birth to a son for Jacob”
2044	30:11	ml48			This is fortunate!	0	“How fortunate!” or “What good luck!”
2045	30:11	hmk8			called his name Gad	0	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Gad means ‘fortunate.’”
2046	30:12	sp7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zilpah	0	This is the name of Leah’s female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:24](../29/24.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2047	30:12	cbx9			bore Jacob a second son	0	“gave birth to a second son for Jacob”
2048	30:13	c2du			I am happy!	0	“How blessed I am!” or “How happy I am!”
2049	30:13	i9pt			the daughters	0	“the women” or “the young women”
2050	30:13	q84q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	called his name Asher	0	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Asher means ‘happy.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2051	30:14	k7d6			Reuben went	0	“Reuben went out”
2052	30:14	yv13		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	in the days of wheat harvest	0	Here the phrase “in the days of” is an idiom that refers to the season or time of year. Alternate translation: “at the time of year of the wheat harvest” or “during the wheat harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2053	30:14	t6zn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	mandrakes	0	This is a fruit that was said to increase fertility and the desire to sleep with one’s lover. Alternate translation: “love fruit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2054	30:15	uq87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is it a small matter to you & my husband?	0	“Do you not care … my husband?” This is a rhetorical question used to scold Rachel. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is bad enough … my husband.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2055	30:15	h684		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do you now want & too?	0	This is a rhetorical question, used to scold Rachel. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Now you want … too!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2056	30:15	ku4g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Then he will lie with you	0	Here “lie with” is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Then Jacob will have sexual intercourse with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2057	30:16	y5di		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	You must come in to me	0	Here “come in to” is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “You must have sexual intercourse with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2058	30:16	c6r1			with my son’s mandrakes	0	“for the price of my son’s mandrakes.” See how you translated “mandrake” in [Genesis 30:14](../30/14.md).
2059	30:17	k8h8			she conceived	0	“She became pregnant”
2060	30:17	ew6t			bore Jacob a fifth son	0	“gave birth to a fifth son for Jacob”
2061	30:18	k9kl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God has given me my wages	0	God rewarding Leah is spoken of as if he were a boss paying wages to someone who works for him. Alternate translation: “God has given my due” or “God has rewarded me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2062	30:18	n1d3			She called his name Issachar	0	Translators may also add a footnote that says: “The name Issachar means ‘there is a reward.’”
2063	30:19	u4y3			Leah conceived again	0	“Leah became pregnant again”
2064	30:19	i5p8			bore a sixth son to Jacob	0	“gave birth to a sixth son for Jacob”
2065	30:20	my2k			She called his name Zebulun	0	Translators may also add a footnote that says: “The name Zebulun means ‘honor.’”
2066	30:21	glq4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	called her name Dinah	0	This is the name of Leah’s daughter. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2067	30:22	tj2w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	God called Rachel to mind and listened to her	0	The phrase “call to mind” means to remember. This does not mean God forgot about Rachel. It means he considered her request. Alternate translation: “God considered Rachel and granted to her what she wanted” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2068	30:23	ql6d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God has taken away my shame	0	God causing Rachel to no longer feel ashamed is spoken of as if “shame” were an object that person could take away from someone else. The abstract noun “shame” can be stated as “ashamed.” Alternate translation: “God has caused me to no longer feel ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2069	30:24	lyt5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	She called his name Joseph	0	Translators may also add a footnote that says: “The name Joseph means ‘may he add.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2070	30:24	lif6			Yahweh has added to me another son	0	Rachel’s first sons were through her female servant Bilhah.
2071	30:25	a2ai			After Rachel had borne Joseph	0	“After Rachel gave birth to Joseph”
2072	30:26	jpd7			and let me go	0	“so I can go”
2073	30:26	n1c9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	you know the service I have given you	0	Jacob is reminding Laban of their contract ([Genesis Gen 29:27](../29/26.md)). The abstract noun “service” can be stated as “served.” Alternate translation: “you know that I have served you long enough” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2074	30:27	wnz1			Laban said to him	0	“Laban said to Jacob”
2075	30:27	f6ny		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	If now I have found favor in your eyes	0	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “If I have found favor with you” or “If you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2076	30:27	hl6m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	found favor	0	This is an idiom that means that someone is approved of by someone else. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2077	30:27	f5lu			wait, because	0	“please stay, because”
2078	30:27	ww4z			I have learned by using divination	0	“I have discovered by my own spiritual and magical practices”
2079	30:27	nl2u			for your sake	0	“because of you”
2080	30:28	unx9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Name your wages	0	This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “Tell me how much I have to pay to keep you here” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2081	30:29	wk5n			Jacob said to him	0	“Jacob said to Laban”
2082	30:29	va18			how your livestock have fared with me	0	“how well your livestock have done since I started taking care of them”
2083	30:30	wm8b			For you had little before I came	0	“your herds were small before I worked for you”
2084	30:30	cxf4			and it has increased abundantly	0	“but now your wealth has greatly increased”
2085	30:30	yq88		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Now when will I provide for my own household also?	0	“Now when will I take care of my own family?” Jacob uses a question to emphasize that he wants to start providing for his own family. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Now I want to take care of my family!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2086	30:31	guq7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	What will I pay you	0	“What can I pay you” or “What can I give you.” This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “What can I pay you so that you stay and work for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2087	30:31	p7p2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	If you will do this thing for me	0	The connecting word “But” can be used at the beginning to show that what Jacob is about to say contrasts with what he just said. Alternate translation: “But if you will do this thing for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
2088	30:31	b25k			this thing	0	The phrase “this thing” refers to what Jacob will propose in verse 32.
2089	30:31	b9ys			feed your flock and keep it	0	“feed and take care of your flock”
2090	30:32	d9j2			removing from it every speckled and spotted sheep, and every black one among the sheep, and the spotted and speckled among the goats	0	“and remove every sheep with spots, every black sheep, and every goat with spots”
2091	30:32	nqn7			These will be my wages	0	“This will be the cost of keeping me here”
2092	30:33	rd2c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	My integrity will testify for me later on	0	The word “integrity” means “honesty.” This speaks about integrity as if it were a person who could testify for or against another person. Alternate translation: “And later you will know if I have been honest with you or not” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2093	30:33	c2ni		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Every one that is not speckled and spotted among the goats, and black among the sheep, if any are found with me, will be considered to be stolen	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you find any goats without spots or any sheep that are not black, you can consider them stolen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2094	30:34	uk57			Let it be according to your word	0	“Let it be as you say” or “We will do what you have said”
2095	30:35	w5h3			that were striped and spotted	0	“that had stripes and spots”
2096	30:35	vgj7			that were speckled and spotted	0	“that had spots”
2097	30:35	yj5c			every one that had white in it	0	“every goat that had some white in it”
2098	30:35	wxg5			all the black ones among the sheep	0	“all the black sheep”
2099	30:35	kx5r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	gave them into the hand	0	Here “hand” stands for control or care. Alternate translation: “had his sons take care of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2100	30:37	q2ef		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	fresh poplar & almond & plane tree	0	These are all trees with white wood. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2101	30:37	i1xk			peeled white streaks in them, and made the white inner wood appear that was in the sticks	0	“peeled off pieces of bark so that the white wood underneath would show”
2102	30:38	m1gg			the watering troughs	0	long open containers for holding water for animals to drink
2103	30:39	w5f7			The flocks bred	0	“The animals of the flocks conceived” or “The animals mated”
2104	30:39	u7ap			produced striped, speckled, and spotted young	0	“gave birth to babies with stripes and spots”
2105	30:40	i58f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Jacob separated	0	It can be made explicit that this happened over several years. Alternate translation: “During the several years following, Jacob separated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2106	30:40	ff1z			face toward	0	“look toward”
2107	30:40	y79l			he separated out his flocks for himself alone	0	“he set his flocks apart”
2108	30:41	l916		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	before the eyes of the flock	0	Here the flock’s “eyes” represent the sheep and emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: “so that the flock could see them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2109	30:41	s3qy			among the sticks	0	“in front of the sticks”
2110	30:42	sm36			the feebler animals	0	“the weaker animals”
2111	30:42	z6j6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	So the feebler animals were Laban’s, and the stronger were Jacob’s	0	“So the weaker offspring belonged to Laban, while the stronger offspring belonged to Jacob.” You can make this even more explicit. Alternate translation: “So the weaker offspring did not have stripes or spots and so belonged to Laban, while the stronger offspring did have stripes or spots and so belonged to Jacob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2112	30:43	qp8n			The man	0	“Jacob”
2113	30:43	be3r			became very prosperous	0	“greatly prospered” or “became very wealthy”
2114	31:intro	zw5h				0	# Genesis 31 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God’s blessing\nWhen Jacob left Paddam Aram, he left very wealthy. Despite his punishment of exile from Canaan, God still blessed Jacob and his family. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])\n\n### Household gods\nAlthough a few scholars believe the possession of the household gods was a sign of inheritance, this seems unlikely. It is probable that Rachel believed these idols would bring them “good luck” and would bring them great blessing. This was sinful because they were to trust in Yahweh, who already promised to bless them. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Irony\nLaban’s sons complained that Jacob cheated them out of their father’s possessions. It was their father who tried to cheat Jacob out of what he promised to give Jacob. Jacob treated his brother Esau in the same way. Jacob cheated Esau out of their father’s blessing.
2115	31:1	q6pl			Now	0	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story.
2116	31:1	bae1			Jacob heard the words of Laban’s sons, that they said	0	“Jacob heard that Laban’s sons were saying”
2117	31:1	j4tu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	Jacob has taken away all that was our father’s	0	Laban’s sons were exaggerating because they were angry. Alternate translation: “Everything that Jacob has taken belonged to our father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2118	31:2	dj32		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Jacob saw the look on Laban’s face. He saw that his attitude toward him had changed	0	These two sentences mean basically the same thing. The second explains the look that Jacob saw on Laban’s face. Alternate translation: “Jacob noticed that Laban was no longer pleased with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2119	31:3	dy3j			your fathers	0	“your father Isaac and your grandfather Abraham”
2120	31:4	s242			Jacob sent and called Rachel and Leah to the field to his flock	0	“Jacob sent for Rachel and Leah and told them to meet him out in the field with the flocks”
2121	31:5	zwf5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences	and said to them	0	You can start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He said to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]])
2122	31:5	m3hk			I see your father’s attitude toward me has changed	0	“I have noticed your father is no longer pleased with me”
2123	31:6	j527		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	You know that it is with all my strength that I have served your father	0	The word “you” here refers to both Rachel and Leah. It also adds emphasis. Alternate translation: “You yourselves know that I have served your father with all my strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2124	31:7	z2br			has deceived me	0	“has lied to me” or “has not treated me fairly”
2125	31:7	gi9n			my wages	0	“what he said he would pay me”
2126	31:7	j7hr			to hurt me	0	Possible meanings are (1) physical harm or (2) to cause Jacob to suffer in any way.
2127	31:8	czw6			The speckled animals	0	“The animals with spots”
2128	31:8	cah9			the flock bore	0	“the flock gave birth to”
2129	31:8	yfc5			The striped	0	“The animals with stripes”
2130	31:9	z1nb			In this way God has taken away the livestock of your father and given them to me	0	“This is how God gave your father’s animals to me”
2131	31:10	ff24			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nJacob continues his story to his wives Leah and Rachel.
2132	31:10	b7lk			Once at the time of breeding season	0	“During the breeding season”
2133	31:10	g7hi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	mating with the flock	0	Here “flock” represents only the female goats. Alternate translation: “mating with the female goats of the flock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2134	31:10	bp2h			were striped, speckled, and spotted	0	“had stripes, little spots, and big spots”
2135	31:11	sp9t			angel of God	0	Possible meanings are (1) God himself appeared as a man or (2) one of God’s messengers appeared. Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “the angel of God,” using the normal word that you use for “angel.”
2136	31:11	t3sj			I said	0	“And I answered”
2137	31:11	z5w7			Here I am	0	“Yes, I am listening” or “Yes, what is it?” See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md).
2138	31:12	qi7z			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThe angel of the Lord continues to talk to Jacob ([Genesis 31:10](../31/10.md)).
2139	31:12	ta2d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Lift up your eyes	0	This is a way of saying “Look up.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2140	31:12	zf86		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	that are breeding with the flock	0	Here “flock” stands for only the female goats. Alternate translation: “that are breeding with the female goats of the flock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2141	31:12	w88y			are striped, speckled, and spotted	0	“have stripes and spots”
2142	31:13	c737		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	where you anointed a pillar	0	Jacob poured oil on the pillar to dedicate it to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2143	31:13	qa2q			the land of your birth	0	“the land where you were born”
2144	31:14	bwh9			Rachel and Leah answered and said to him	0	This does not mean they talked at the same time. It emphasizes they agreed with each other.
2145	31:14	ir9t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is there any portion or inheritance for us in our father’s house?	0	Rachel and Leah use a question to emphasize that there is nothing left for their father to give. Alternate translation: “There is absolutely nothing left for us to inherit from our father!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2146	31:15	sxw7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Are we not treated by him as foreigners?	0	They use a question to show their anger about how their father treats them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Our father treats us like a foreign women instead of daughters!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2147	31:15	y7ge		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	For he has sold us	0	This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “He has sold us for his own gain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2148	31:15	z4i2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	has also completely devoured our money	0	Laban completely using up the money that he should have given to his daughters is spoken of as if he were a wild beast that ate the money as if it were food. Alternate translation: “he completely used up our money” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2149	31:16	vbk7			are now ours and our children’s	0	“belongs to us and to our children”
2150	31:16	vi8d			Now then	0	Here “Now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2151	31:16	g6k9			whatever God has said to you, do it	0	“do all that God has told you”
2152	31:17	vr3n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	his sons	0	Jacob took all of his children. It only mentions the sons because they are important as his heirs. Alternate translation: “his children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2153	31:18	n4b2			He drove all his livestock	0	“He drove all his cattle.” Here “livestock” is referring to all his domesticate animals.
2154	31:18	xzk2			including the livestock he had acquired in Paddan Aram	0	“and the other herd of cattle which he took ownership of when he was in Paddan Aram”
2155	31:18	pgg7			Then he set out to go to his father Isaac in the land of Canaan	0	“He went to the land of Canaan, where his father Isaac lived”
2156	31:19	ct6p			When Laban had gone to shear his sheep	0	“When Laban had left to cut the wool off of his sheep”
2157	31:21	rq4h			the River	0	This refers to the Euphrates River.
2158	31:21	e57v			headed toward	0	“traveled toward”
2159	31:21	xdn1			the hill country of Gilead	0	“the mountains of Gilead” or “Mount Gilead”
2160	31:22	w2bp			On the third day	0	It was Jewish custom to count the day of departure as day one. Alternate translation: “Two days after they had left”
2161	31:22	fsz8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Laban was told	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone told Laban” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2162	31:22	rjd6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	that Jacob had fled	0	Only Jacob is mentioned because he is the leader of the family. It can be made explicit that his family went with him. Alternate translation: “that Jacob had fled with his wives and children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2163	31:23	v1il			So he took	0	“So Laban took”
2164	31:23	c1wi			pursued him	0	“chased after Jacob”
2165	31:23	vs2j			for a seven days’ journey	0	Laban spent seven days walking to catch up to Jacob.
2166	31:23	x5mw			He overtook him	0	“He caught up to him”
2167	31:24	i4gj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now God came to Laban the Aramean in a dream at night	0	The word “now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Laban. Alternate translation: “That night God came to Laban in a dream” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2168	31:24	s2du		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	Be careful that you speak to Jacob neither good nor bad	0	The phrase “good nor bad” are used together to mean “anything.” Alternate translation: “Do not say anything to try and stop Jacob from leaving” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2169	31:25	c3nf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Laban overtook Jacob. Now Jacob had pitched his tent in the hill country. Laban also camped with his relatives in the hill country of Gilead	0	The word “now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jacob and Laban. Alternate translation: “When Laban caught up with Jacob, Jacob had set up camp in the hill country. Then Laban and his relatives also camped in the hill country of Gilead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2170	31:26	dg9e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	carried away my daughters like prisoners of war	0	Laban speaks about Jacob taking his family with him back to the land of Canaan as if Jacob took them as prisoners after a battle and is forcing them to go with him. Laban is exaggerating because he is angry and is trying to make Jacob feel guilty for what he did. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2171	31:27	a98f			flee secretly	0	“run away in secret”
2172	31:27	g8iz			with celebration	0	“with joy”
2173	31:27	bg4p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	with tambourine and with harps	0	These instruments stand for music. Alternate translation: “and with music” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2174	31:27	a23y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	tambourine	0	a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2175	31:28	esl3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	to kiss my grandsons	0	Here “grandsons” would include all grandchildren whether male or female. Alternate translation: “to kiss my grandchildren” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
2176	31:28	cr1s			Now you have done foolishly	0	“You have acted foolishly”
2177	31:28	y6dz			Now	0	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2178	31:29	lza8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	It is in my power to do you harm	0	The word “you” is plural and refers to everyone with Jacob. Alternate translation: “I have enough people with me to harm all of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2179	31:29	qs6g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	Be careful that you speak to Jacob neither good nor bad	0	The words “good nor bad” are used together to mean “anything.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 31:24](../31/24.md). Alternate translation: “Do not say anything to try and stop Jacob from leaving” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2180	31:30	bz9g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	you have gone away	0	This “you” is singular and refers to Jacob. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2181	31:30	f8iz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to your father’s house	0	Here “house” stands for family. Alternate translation: “to be home with your father and the rest of your family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2182	31:30	e3jc			my gods	0	“my idols”
2183	31:31	qd9f			Because I was afraid and thought that you would take your daughters from me by force I left secretly	0	“I left in secret because I was afraid that you would take your daughters from me by force”
2184	31:32	e35z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	Whoever has stolen your gods will not continue to live	0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “We will kill whoever has stolen your gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
2185	31:32	zh3x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	In the presence of our relatives	0	The word “our” refers to Jacob’s relatives and includes Laban’s relatives. All the relatives will watch to make sure everything is fair and honest. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2186	31:32	l4l6			identify whatever with me is yours and take it	0	“look for whatever we have that is yours and take it”
2187	31:32	mjz6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	For Jacob did not know that Rachel had stolen them	0	This changes from the story to background information about Jacob. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2188	31:33	rd4w			the two female servants	0	This refers to Zilpah and Bilhah.
2189	31:33	f3n9			he did not find them	0	“he did not find his idols”
2190	31:34	s5c7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now Rachel & upon them	0	The word “now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Rachel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2191	31:34	j5k2			saddle	0	a seat placed on the back of an animal so a person can ride on it
2192	31:35	cd8t			my master	0	Calling someone “my master” is a way of honoring them.
2193	31:35	h3tw			that I cannot stand up before you	0	“because I am unable to stand up in your presence”
2194	31:35	rx2l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	for I am having my period	0	This refers to the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2195	31:36	ka2t			He said to him	0	“Jacob said to Laban”
2196	31:36	wcv8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	What is my offense? What is my sin, that you have hotly pursued after me?	0	The phrases “What is my offense” and “What is my sin” mean basically the same thing. Jacob is asking Laban to tell him what he did wrong. Alternate translation: “What have I done wrong that you should pursue me like this?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2197	31:36	rd64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	hotly pursued after me	0	Here the word “hotly” means Laban urgently chased Jacob intending to capture him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2198	31:37	lf9u			What have you found of all your household goods?	0	“What have you found that belongs to you?”
2199	31:37	jgu5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	Set them here before our relatives	0	Here the word “our” refers to Jacob’s relatives and includes Laban’s relatives. Alternate translation: “Lay anything you have found in front of our relatives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2200	31:37	q8tg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	they may judge between us two	0	Here “two of us” refers to Jacob and Laban. The phrase “to judge between” means to decide which person is right in a dispute. Alternate translation: “they may judge between the two of us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2201	31:38	l12d			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nJacob continues to speak to Laban.
2202	31:38	a2zw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty years	0	“20 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2203	31:38	rum5			ewes	0	female sheep
2204	31:38	lk1u			have not miscarried	0	This means they have not had a pregnancy end early and unexpectedly with the lamb or kid born dead.
2205	31:39	kc4z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	What was torn by beasts I did not bring to you	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When a wild animal killed one of your animals I did not bring it to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2206	31:39	ji5d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Instead, I bore the loss of it	0	For Jacob to count Laban’s dead animals as a loss from his own flock is spoken of as if it was a burden he would bear on his shoulders. Alternate translation: “Instead of counting it a loss from your flock, I counted it as a loss from my flock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2207	31:40	tf6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	There I was; in the day the heat consumed me, and the frost by night	0	Suffering in the hot and cold temperatures is spoken of as if the temperatures were animals that were eating Jacob. Alternate translation: “I stayed with your flocks even during hottest part of the day and the coldest part of the night” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2208	31:41	gx9i			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nJacob continues to speak to Laban.
2209	31:41	j81s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	These twenty years	0	“These last 20 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2210	31:41	l5lt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	fourteen years	0	“14 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2211	31:41	w1k8			changed my wages ten times	0	“changed what he said he would pay me ten times.” See how you translated “my wages” in [Genesis 31:7](../31/07.md).
2212	31:42	hcc4			Unless the God of my father, the God of Abraham, and the one Isaac fears, had been with me	0	Jacob is referring to the same God not to three different gods. Alternate translation: “If the God of Abraham and Isaac, my father, had not been with me”
2213	31:42	fy4h			the God of my father	0	Here the word “father” refers to his parent, Isaac.
2214	31:42	v1d1			the one Isaac fears	0	Here the word “fears” refers to the “fear of Yahweh,” which means to deeply respect him and show that respect by obeying him.
2215	31:42	tin2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	empty-handed	0	This stands for having nothing. Alternate translation: “with absolutely nothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2216	31:42	eqx1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	God has seen my oppression and how hard I worked	0	The abstract noun “oppression” can be stated as “oppressed.” Alternate translation: “God has seen how hard I worked and how you oppressed me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2217	31:43	ah9n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	But what can I do today to these my daughters, or to their children whom they have borne?	0	Laban uses a question to emphasize that there is nothing he can do. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “But, there is nothing I can do to bring my daughters and grandchildren back with me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2218	31:44	pm7d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	let it be for a witness	0	Here the word “witness” does not refer to a person, but it is used figuratively and refers to the covenant that Jacob and Laban are making. The covenant is spoken of as if it were a person who is there when they agree to act peacefully to one another. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2219	31:45	q2sh			pillar	0	This means that a large stone was simply set up on its end to mark the place where this important event happened.
2220	31:46	mz54			made a pile	0	“stacked them on top of each other”
2221	31:46	c4fm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Then they ate there by the pile	0	Eating a meal together was a part of making the covenant with one another. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2222	31:47	grz7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jegar Saha Dutha	0	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Jegar Saha Dutha means ‘heap of witness’ in Laban’s language.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2223	31:47	tn6r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Galeed	0	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Galeed means ‘heap of witness’ in Jacob’s language. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2224	31:48	y6zl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	This pile is a witness between me and you	0	The stones do not actually bear witness as a person. Alternate translation: “This pile will be a reminder between me and you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2225	31:48	f3tt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Galeed	0	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Galeed means ‘heap of witness’ in Jacob’s language. See how you translated this in [Genesis 31:47](../31/47.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2226	31:49	d4iu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mizpah	0	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Mizpah means ‘watchtower.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2227	31:49	ip35		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	when we are out of sight one from another	0	Here “out of sight” stands for no longer being in each other’s presence. Alternate translation: “when we are no longer with each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2228	31:50	e3ip			although no one else is with us	0	Here “us” refers to Laban and Jacob. Alternate translation: “even if no one else is there to see us”
2229	31:50	h365			see	0	“look” or “remember” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
2230	31:52	jh98		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	This pile is a witness, and the pillar is a witness	0	These piles of stones were to act as a remembrance and a boundary marker for Jacob and Laban regarding their peace agreement. They are spoken of as if they are human witnesses. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2231	31:53	zmt6			May the God of Abraham, and the god of Nahor, the gods of their father, judge between us	0	Abraham is Jacob’s grandfather. Nahor is Laban’s grandfather. The father of Abraham and Nahor is Terah. Not all of them worshipped Yahweh.
2232	31:53	r6hl			the Fear of his father Isaac	0	Here the word “Fear” refers to Yahweh, who Isaac deeply respected and showed that respect by obeying him.
2233	31:54	fmy2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	called his relatives to eat a meal	0	Eating a meal together was part of making the covenant with one another. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2234	31:55	w76k			Early in the morning & returned home	0	Verse 55 is the first verse of chapter 32 in the original Hebrew text, but the last verse of chapter 31 in most modern Bibles. We suggest that you follow the numbering of Bibles in your national language.
2235	31:55	kif6			blessed	0	This means expressing a desire for positive and beneficial things to happen to someone.
2236	32:intro	udr3				0	# Genesis 32 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Jacob does not trust Yahweh\nJacob does not trust in Yahweh. Instead, he fears that his brother Esau could kill him and his family. He should have known that Yahweh would continue to bless him and protect his family. He should have trusted in Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]])\n\n### Name change\n\nIn Scripture, a change in name always occurs at a highly significant point in a person’s life. The return of Jacob to Canaan was a significant event in the history of the Hebrew people.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “A man wrestled with him”\nScholars are divided over the identity of the person Jacob wrestled with. It was probably an angel, but some believe he wrestled with Jesus before he came to earth. The translator will probably have difficulty trying to keep ambiguity in identifying this individual because the word “man” usually indicates a normal, living person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2237	32:2	fr1q			Mahanaim	0	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Mahanaim means ‘two camps.’”
2238	32:3	f84p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Seir	0	This is a mountainous area in the region of Edom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2239	32:4	ayv1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This is what you will say to my master Esau: This is what your servant Jacob says: ‘I have been & have delayed my return until now.	0	This has a quotation within a quotation. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “‘This is what I want you to tell my master Esau. Tell him that I have been … have delayed my return until now.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2240	32:4	n3lr			my master Esau	0	Jacob is using polite language and refers to his brother as “my master.”
2241	32:4	y932			your servant Jacob	0	Jacob is using polite language and refers to himself as “your servant.”
2242	32:5	ne7y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	I have oxen & in your eyes.	0	This continues the quotation within a quotation that begins with the words “I have been” in verse 4. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. “This is what I want you to tell my master Esau. Tell him that I have been … Tell him that I have oxen … in his eyes.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2243	32:5	vi1k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	that I may find favor in your eyes	0	When a person finds favor in the eyes of another, the second person approves of the first person. Here “eyes” are a metonym for the person seeing something, and seeing a person is a metaphor for deciding whether what that person sees is good or bad. Alternate translation: “that you may approve of me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2244	32:6	h954		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	four hundred men	0	“400 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2245	32:7	ra4u			afraid	0	This refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others.
2246	32:7	e2dk			upset	0	distressed, troubled
2247	32:8	n1e3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to one camp and attacks it, then the camp that is left will escape	0	Here “camp” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “to attack the people in one camp, then the people in the other camp will escape” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2248	32:9	fdw7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	God of my father Abraham, and God of my father Isaac, Yahweh	0	This does not refer to different gods, but to the one God they all worship. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who is God of my grandfather Abraham and my father Isaac” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2249	32:9	c3nw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	Yahweh, who said to me, ‘Return to your country and to your kindred, and I will prosper you,’	0	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you who said that I should return to my country and to my kindred, and that you would prosper me,” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2250	32:9	ah51			to your kindred	0	“to your family”
2251	32:9	v7p9			I will prosper you	0	“I will do good for you” or “I will treat you well”
2252	32:10	i1jg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	I am not worthy of all your acts of covenant faithfulness and of all the trustworthiness that you have done for your servant	0	The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “loyal.” Alternate translation: “I do not deserve for you to remain faithful to your covenant or for you to be loyal to me, your servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2253	32:10	gfq5			your servant	0	This is a polite way of saying “me.”
2254	32:10	ri5t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	now I have become two camps	0	Here the phrase “I have become” is an idiom meaning what he now possesses. Alternate translation: “and now I have enough people, flocks, and possessions with me to make two camps” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2255	32:11	b4a5			rescue me	0	“save me”
2256	32:11	b2lt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau	0	Here the word “hand” refers to power. The two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second clarifies that the brother whom Jacob intended was Esau. Alternate translation: “from the power of my brother, Esau” or “from my brother, Esau” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2257	32:11	amt5			I am afraid of him, that he will	0	“I am afraid that he will”
2258	32:12	x5kw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	But you said, ‘I will certainly make you prosper. I will make your descendants & number.’	0	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “But you said that you would certainly prosper me, and that you would make my descendants … number” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2259	32:12	w429			make you prosper	0	“do good to you” or “treat you well”
2260	32:12	n5pn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	I will make your descendants like the sand of the sea	0	This speaks about the very large number of Jacob’s descendants as if their number will be like the grains of sand on the seashore. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2261	32:12	bc4t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	which cannot be numbered for their number	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which no one can count because of their number” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2262	32:14	zj6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	two hundred	0	“200” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2263	32:14	a35f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty	0	“20” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2264	32:15	ew39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	thirty & forty & ten	0	“30 … 40 … 10” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2265	32:15	k3iy			their colts	0	“their young”
2266	32:16	il9n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	These he gave into the hand of his servants, every herd by itself	0	Here “into the hand” means to give control over them. Alternate translation: “He divided them into small herds, and gave each of his servants control over one herd” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2267	32:16	hh9w			put a space between each of the herds	0	“let each herd travel at a distance from the other herds”
2268	32:17	ti5k			He instructed	0	“He commanded”
2269	32:17	h449		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	asks you & that are in front of you?’	0	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “asks you who your master is, where you are going, and who owns these animals that are ahead of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2270	32:17	lnl5			To whom do you belong?	0	“Who is your master?”
2271	32:17	hl31			Whose animals are these that are in front of you?	0	“Who owns these animals that are in front of you?”
2272	32:18	e7wd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	Then you will say, ‘They are your servant Jacob’s. They are a gift sent to my master Esau. See, he is also coming after us.’	0	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Then I want you to tell him that all of these things belong to Jacob, his servant, and he his giving them to his master, Esau. And tell him that Jacob is on the way to meet him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2273	32:18	i8qf			your servant Jacob’s	0	Jacob is referring to himself in a polite way as Esau’s servant.
2274	32:18	nk58			to my master Esau	0	Jacob is referring to Esau is a polite way as his master.
2275	32:18	a5zw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	coming after us	0	Here “us” refers to the servant speaking and the other servants bringing herds to Esau. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2276	32:19	mb2s			gave instructions to the second group	0	“commanded the second group”
2277	32:20	l71w			You must also say, ‘Your servant Jacob	0	Possible meanings are (1) “You will say also, ‘Your servant Jacob’” or (2) “You will say, ‘Also, Your servant Jacob.’”
2278	32:20	kth9			I will appease him	0	“I will calm him down” or “I will make his anger go away”
2279	32:20	fz2r			he will receive me	0	“he will welcome me kindly”
2280	32:21	mgp1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	So the gifts went on ahead of him	0	Here “gifts” stands for the servants taking the gifts. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2281	32:21	bet5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	He himself stayed	0	Here “himself” emphasizes that Jacob did not go with the servants. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
2282	32:22	ak58			his two women servants	0	“his two servant wives.” This means Zilpah and Bilhah.
2283	32:22	ts8h			ford	0	a shallow place in a river that is easy to cross
2284	32:22	tkp8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jabbok	0	This is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2285	32:23	uu6x			all his possessions	0	“all that he had”
2286	32:24	ui74			until daybreak	0	“until dawn”
2287	32:25	ugk7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Jacob’s hip was dislocated as he wrestled with him	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The man injured Jacob’s hip as he wrestled with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2288	32:25	f6zk			hip	0	the place where the upper leg bone connects to the hip
2289	32:26	wh2x			for the dawn is breaking	0	“the sun will rise soon”
2290	32:26	hd6q			bless	0	Here “bless” means to pronounce a formal blessing on someone and to cause good things to happen to that person.
2291	32:26	pb6k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	I will not let you go unless you bless me	0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Absolutely not! You must bless me first, then I will let you go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2292	32:28	a2ft		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Israel	0	Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Israel means ‘He struggles with God.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2293	32:28	kel8			with men	0	Here “men” means “people” in general.
2294	32:29	if16		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	He said, “Why is it that you ask my name?”	0	“He said, ‘Why would you ask about my name?’” This rhetorical question was meant to shock, rebuke and cause Jacob to ponder over what just happened between him and the other man he just wrestled with. Alternate translation: “Do not ask me for my name!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2295	32:30	m49w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Peniel	0	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Peniel means ‘the face of God.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2296	32:30	n4r1			face to face	0	Being “face to face” means that two people are seeing each other in person, at a close distance.
2297	32:30	p6dk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	and my life is delivered	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “yet he spared my life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2298	32:32	v4a5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	That is why to this day	0	This marks a change from the story to background information about the descendants of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2299	32:32	n4af			to this day	0	This means to the day that the author was writing this.
2300	32:32	t93f			ligaments of the hip	0	This refers to the muscle that connects the thigh bone to the thigh socket.
2301	32:32	l5px			hip joint	0	“thigh socket”
2302	32:32	j363			while dislocating	0	“while striking”
2303	33:intro	tc2t				0	# Genesis 33 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Jacob’s fear\nJacob feared his brother. He showed Esau great respect and sought to protect his family from Esau’s power. He did not fear and trust Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])\n\n### Favoritism\nJacob showed favoritism towards Rachel and Joseph. He arranged the family according to those he loved the most. Rachel and Joseph were the most protected from a potential attack by Esau. He would have rather had everyone else die, in order to spare their lives. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2304	33:1	ck16			behold	0	The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to a surprising new part of the story.
2305	33:1	c4ai		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	four hundred men	0	“400 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2306	33:1	lqj5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Jacob divided the children & female servants	0	This does not mean Jacob divided the children evenly so that each woman had the same amount of children with her. Jacob divided the children so that each one went with his or her mother. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2307	33:1	h467			female servants	0	“servant wives.” This refers to Bilhah and Zilpah.
2308	33:3	f927		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	He himself went on ahead of them	0	Here “himself” emphasizes that Jacob went alone in front of the others. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
2309	33:3	prz6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	He bowed	0	Here the word “bow” means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2310	33:4	xq93			meet him	0	“meet Jacob”
2311	33:4	ptu7			embraced him, hugged his neck, and kissed him	0	This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Esau put his arms around Jacob, hugged him, and kissed him”
2312	33:4	d91x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Then they wept	0	This can be translated more explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then Esau and Jacob cried because they were happy to see each other again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2313	33:5	bni9			he saw the women and the children	0	“he saw the women and children who were with Jacob”
2314	33:5	n88j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	The children whom God has graciously given your servant	0	The phrase “your servant” is a polite way for Jacob to refer to himself. Alternate translation: “These are the children God has kindly given me, your servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2315	33:6	huv5			female servants	0	“servant wives.” This refers to Bilhah and Zilpah.
2316	33:6	ndg7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	bowed down	0	This is a sign of humility and respect before another person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2317	33:8	xl2u			What do you mean by all these groups that I met?	0	The phrase “all these groups” refers to the groups of servants that Jacob sent to give gifts to Esau. Alternate translation: “Why did you send all of those different groups to meet me?”
2318	33:8	p6x8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	To find favor in the sight of my master	0	The phrase “find favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “So that you, my master, would be pleased with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2319	33:8	b54p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	my master	0	The phrase “my master” is a polite way of referring to Esau. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2320	33:9	fvu3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	I have enough	0	The word “animals” or “property” is understood. Alternate translation: “I have enough animals” or “I have enough property” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2321	33:10	c8jk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	if I have found favor in your eyes	0	The phrase “found favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “if you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2322	33:10	g919		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my gift from my hand	0	Here “hand” refers to Jacob. Alternate translation: “this gift that I am giving to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2323	33:10	cv9s			my hand, for indeed	0	This can be translated as a new sentence: “my hand. For certainly”
2324	33:10	qp99		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	I have seen your face, and it is like seeing the face of God	0	The meaning of this simile is unclear. Possible meanings are (1) Jacob is happy that Esau has forgiven him like God has forgiven him or (2) Jacob is amazed to see his brother again like he was amazed to see God or (3) Jacob is humbled to be in Esau’s presence like he was humbled to be in God’s presence. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2325	33:10	ni5g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	I have seen your face	0	Here “face” stands for Esau. It may be best to translate as “face” because of the importance of the word “face” here with “face of God” and “face to face” in [Genesis 32:30](../32/30.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2326	33:11	i3ez		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	that was brought to you	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that my servants brought to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2327	33:11	c581			God has dealt graciously with me	0	“God has treated me very well” or “God has blessed me very much”
2328	33:11	r6mp			Thus Jacob urged him, and Esau accepted it	0	It was customary to refuse a gift first, but then to accept the gift before the giver was offended.
2329	33:13	j3jv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	My master knows	0	This is a polite and formal way of referring to Esau. Alternate translation: “You, my master, know” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2330	33:13	k72p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the children are young	0	The meaning can be stated more explicitly. Alternate translation: “the children are too young to travel fast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2331	33:13	lzl5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	If they are driven hard even one day	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If we force them to go too fast even for one day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2332	33:14	be6w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Please let my master go on ahead of his servant	0	This is a polite and formal way of Jacob referring to himself. Alternate translation: “My lord, I am your servant. Please go ahead of me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2333	33:14	k77x			at the pace of the livestock that are before me	0	“at the speed the animals I am looking after can go”
2334	33:14	he5j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Seir	0	This is a mountainous area in the region of Edom. See how you translated this in [Genesis 32:3](../32/03.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2335	33:15	e3u2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why do that?	0	Jacob uses a question to emphasize that Esau does not need to leave men. Alternate translation: “Do not do that!” or “You do not need to do that!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2336	33:15	rl9k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	my lord	0	This is a polite and formal way of referring to Esau. Alternate translation: “you, my lord” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2337	33:17	k3g6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Succoth	0	Translators may also add a footnote that says, “The name Succoth means ‘shelters.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2338	33:17	k4xa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	built himself a house	0	It is implied that the house is also for his family. Alternate translation: “built a house for himself and his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2339	33:17	ykg8			for his livestock	0	“for the animals he looked after”
2340	33:18	yt2u			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThis starts a new part of the story. The author describes what Jacob did after he rested in Succoth.
2341	33:18	jve3			When Jacob came from Paddan Aram	0	“After Jacob left Paddan Aram”
2342	33:18	qr2k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	When Jacob & he arrived & He camped	0	This only mentions Jacob because he is the leader of the family. It is implied that his family was with him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2343	33:18	rx3s			He camped near	0	“He set up his camp near”
2344	33:19	a6wu			piece of ground	0	“piece of land”
2345	33:19	xu69		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hamor	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2346	33:19	y9i5			Shechem’s father	0	Shechem is the name of a city and the name of a man.
2347	33:19	kh7z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	a hundred	0	“100” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2348	33:20	ps43		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	El Elohe Israel	0	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name El Elohe Israel means ‘God, the God of Israel.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2349	34:intro	gv6g				0	# Genesis 34 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Israel\nJacob’s name was changed to Israel. It is his descendants who inherited the promised blessings given to him and to Isaac and Abraham. This is the first time his descendants are collectively referred to as the people group Israel. The people group Israel is identified through the covenant of circumcision. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Implicit information\nJacob’s reacted to the rape of Dinah with indifference. This is possibly because she was not a daughter of Rachel. His reaction was both unwise and improper. This action brought shame on the whole family. Therefore, Jacob’s sons corrected this wrong and plotted against Hamor and Shechem.\n\nShechem raped Dinah, but then he said he loved her. By raping her, he ensured that no one else would want to marry her. This is not love. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2350	34:1	g89z			Now	0	Here this word is used to mark a new part of the story.
2351	34:1	q1ki		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Dinah	0	This is the name of Leah’s daughter. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 30:21](../30/21.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2352	34:2	y29n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the Hivite	0	This is the name of a people group. See how you translated the similar word “Hivites” in [Genesis 10:17](../10/17.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2353	34:2	x58u			the prince of the land	0	This is referring to Hamor not Shechem. Also, “prince” here does not mean son of a king. It means Hamor was the leader of the people in that area.
2354	34:2	hx1e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	He took her and lay with her	0	Possible meanings are (1) “took” and “lay with” are two separate actions. Alternate translation: “he grabbed her and had sexual relations with her” or (2) “took” and “lay with” are a hendiadys, two words used to describe one action, Alternate translation: “raped her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
2355	34:2	mrp5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	lay with her	0	This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2356	34:3	d96a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He was drawn to Dinah	0	“He was very attracted to her.” This speaks about Shechem loving Dinah and wanting to be with her as if something were forcing him to come to Dinah. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He wanted very much to be with Dinah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2357	34:3	bz11			spoke tenderly to her	0	He tried to convince her that he loved her and that he wanted her to love him also.
2358	34:5	wy9t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now Jacob	0	“Now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jacob. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2359	34:5	k25j			Jacob heard that he	0	The word “he” refers to Shechem.
2360	34:5	mp97			he had defiled	0	This means that Shechem had greatly dishonored and disgraced Dinah by forcing her to sleep with him.
2361	34:5	sk45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	held his peace	0	This is a way of saying that Jacob did not say or do anything about the matter. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2362	34:6	r1kg			Hamor & went out to Jacob	0	“Hamor … went to meet Jacob”
2363	34:7	yd2w			The men were offended	0	“The men were very insulted” or “They were shocked”
2364	34:7	xe5r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he had disgraced Israel	0	Here the word “Israel” refers to every member of Jacob’s family. Israel as a people group was disgraced. Alternate translation: “he had humiliated the family of Israel” or “he had brought shame on the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2365	34:7	wki8			lying with Jacob’s daughter	0	“having sexual relations with Jacob’s daughter”
2366	34:7	ud6t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	for such a thing should not have been done	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for he should not have done such a terrible thing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2367	34:8	ud45			Hamor spoke with them	0	“Hamor spoke with Jacob and his sons”
2368	34:8	q43r			loves your daughter	0	Here the word “love” refers to romantic love between a man and a woman. Alternate translation: “loves her and wants to marry her”
2369	34:8	gx32			give her to him as a wife	0	In some cultures, the parents decide whom their children will marry.
2370	34:9	ec6v			Intermarry with us	0	To intermarry is to marry a member of a different racial, social, religious or tribal group. Alternate translation: “Allow marriages between your people and ours”
2371	34:10	pv18			the land will be open to you	0	“the land will be available to you”
2372	34:11	x9iz			Shechem said to her father	0	“Shechem said to Dinah’s father Jacob”
2373	34:11	gev1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Let me find favor in your eyes, and whatever you tell me I will give	0	The phrase “find favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “If you will approve of me, then I will give you whatever you ask” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2374	34:12	w7wc			bride price	0	In some cultures, it is customary for a man to give money, property, cattle, and other gifts to the bride’s family at the time of marriage.
2375	34:13	h21q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father with deceit	0	The abstract noun “deceit” can be stated as the verb “lied.” Alternate translation: “But the sons of Jacob lied to Shechem and Hamor when they answered them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2376	34:13	uxy5			Shechem had defiled Dinah	0	This means that Shechem had greatly dishonored and disgraced Dinah by forcing her to sleep with him. See how you translated “defiled” in [Genesis 34:5](../34/05.md).
2377	34:14	un4d			They said to them	0	“Jacob’s sons said to Shechem and Hamor”
2378	34:14	yku7			We cannot do this thing, to give our sister	0	“We cannot agree to give Dinah in marriage”
2379	34:14	c7ml		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	for that would be a disgrace to us	0	“for that would cause us shame.” Here “us” refers to Jacob’s sons and all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2380	34:16	w7nl			give our daughters to you & take your daughters to ourselves	0	This means they will allow a person from Jacob’s family to marry a person who lives in Hamor’s land.
2381	34:18	vm37			Their words pleased Hamor and his son Shechem	0	“Hamor and his son Shechem agreed with what Jacob’s sons said”
2382	34:19	yza5			to do what they said	0	“to become circumcised”
2383	34:19	vjf5			Jacob’s daughter	0	“Jacob’s daughter Dinah”
2384	34:19	ve5w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	because he was the most honored person in all his father’s household	0	This can be translated as a new sentence. It can be made explicit that Shechem knew the other men would agree to be circumcised because they greatly respected him. Alternate translation: “Shechem knew all the men in his father’s household would agree with him because he was the most honored among them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2385	34:20	bl5k			the gate of their city	0	It was common for leaders to meet at the city gate to make official decisions.
2386	34:21	ub3p			These men	0	“Jacob, his sons, and the people of Israel”
2387	34:21	gg84		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	peace with us	0	Here “us” includes Hamor, his son and all the people they spoke with at the city gate. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2388	34:21	peg8			let them live in the land and trade in it	0	“let them live and trade in the land”
2389	34:21	qgk2			for, really, the land is large enough for them	0	Shechem uses the word “really” to add emphasis to his statement. “because, certainly, the land is large enough for them” or “because, indeed, there is plenty of land for them”
2390	34:21	i8u8			take their daughters & give them our daughters	0	This refers to marriages between the women of one group and the men of the other group. See how you translated similar phrases in [Genesis 34:9](../34/09.md).
2391	34:22	pyn5			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nHamor and Shechem his son continue to talk to the city elders.
2392	34:22	g2kq			Only on this condition will the men agree to live with us and become one people: If every male among us is circumcised, as they are circumcised	0	“Only if every man among us is circumcised, as the men of Israel are circumcised, will they agree to live among us and unite with us as one people”
2393	34:23	n7gu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will not their livestock and their property—all their animals be ours?	0	Shechem uses a question to emphasize that Jacob’s livestock and property will belong to the people of Shechem. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “All of their animals and property will be ours.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2394	34:24	m2ft		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Every male was circumcised	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So Hamor and Shechem had someone circumcise all the men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2395	34:25	xfn1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	On the third day	0	“third” is the ordinal number for three. It can be stated without the ordinal number. Alternate translation: “After two days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2396	34:25	w2yp			when they were still in pain	0	“when the men of the city were still in pain”
2397	34:25	usz1			each took his sword	0	“took their swords”
2398	34:25	p39e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	they attacked the city	0	Here “city” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “they attacked the people of the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2399	34:25	cm25			security, and they killed all the males	0	This can be translated as a new sentence. “security. Simeon and Levi killed all the men of the city”
2400	34:27	jn2q			the dead bodies	0	“the dead bodies of Hamor, Shechem, and their men”
2401	34:27	r6r4			looted the city	0	“stole everything in the city that was valuable”
2402	34:27	dr6w			because the people had defiled their sister	0	Shechem alone had defiled Dinah, but Jacob’s sons considered Shechem’s entire family and everyone in the city responsible for this act.
2403	34:27	gep2			had defiled	0	This means that Shechem had greatly dishonored and disgraced Dinah by forcing her to sleep with him. See how you translated “defiled” in [Genesis 34:5](../34/05.md).
2404	34:28	ikb2			They took their flocks	0	“Jacob’s sons took the people’s flocks”
2405	34:29	u4y1			all their wealth	0	“all their possessions and money”
2406	34:29	lb76			All their children and their wives, they captured	0	“They captured all their children and wives”
2407	34:30	tk7q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	brought trouble on me	0	Causing someone to experience trouble is spoken of as if trouble were an object that is brought and placed on a person. Alternate translation: “caused great problems for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2408	34:30	g5qj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	to make me stink to the inhabitants of the land	0	Causing the people in the surrounding areas to hate Jacob is spoken of as if Jacob’s sons made him smell bad physically. This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “You have made me repulsive to the people who live in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2409	34:30	di4j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	I am few in number & against me and attack me, then I will be destroyed, I and my household	0	Here the words “I” and “me” refer to all of Jacob’s household. Jacob only says “I” or “me” since he is the leader. Alternate translation: “My household is small … against us and attack us, then they will destroy all of us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2410	34:30	f8i3			gather themselves together against me and attack me	0	“form an army and attack me” or “form an army and attack us”
2411	34:30	pr2b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	then I will be destroyed	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will destroy me” or “they will destroy us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2412	34:31	l9v7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Should Shechem have dealt with our sister as with a prostitute?	0	Simeon and Levi use a question to emphasize that Shechem did what was wrong and deserved to die. Alternate translation: “Shechem should not have treated our sister as if she were a prostitute!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2413	35:intro	r5b3				0	# Genesis 35 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Name change\n\nIn Scripture, a change in name always occurs at a highly significant point in a person’s life. The return of Jacob to Canaan was a significant event in the history of the Hebrew people.\n\n### Covenant\nThe covenant God made with Abraham is repeated here. It indicates that all of Jacob’s descendants will inherit the promises of this covenant. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
2414	35:1	m48u			go up to Bethel	0	The phrase “go up” is used because Bethel is higher in elevation than Shechem.
2415	35:1	a7yt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Build an altar there to God	0	God speaks about himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “Build an altar there to me, your God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2416	35:2	zm9p			said to his household	0	“said to his family”
2417	35:2	s6f2			Put away the foreign gods that are among you	0	“Throw away your idols” or “Get rid of your false gods”
2418	35:2	ke2n			purify yourselves, and change your clothes	0	This was the custom of cleansing oneself morally and physically before going to worship God.
2419	35:2	p78p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	change your clothes	0	Putting on a new clothes was a sign that they had made themselves clean before approaching God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2420	35:3	uv67			in the day of my distress	0	“in the time of my distress” or “when I was in trouble”
2421	35:4	k9aj			So they gave	0	“so everyone in Jacob’s household gave” or “so all of his family and servants gave”
2422	35:4	v6i9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	that were in their hand	0	Here “in their hand” stands for what they own. Alternate translation: “that were in their possession” or “that they had” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2423	35:4	q9se			the rings that were in their ears	0	“their earrings.” Possible meanings are (1) the gold in the earrings could have been used to make more idols or (2) they took these earrings from the city of Shechem after they attacked it and killed all the people. The earrings would have reminded them of their sin.
2424	35:5	kv2s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God made panic to fall on the cities	0	God causing the people of the cities to be afraid of Jacob and his family is spoken of as if panic were an object that fell on the cities. The abstract noun “panic” can be stated as “afraid.” Alternate translation: “God made the people in the surrounding cities afraid of Jacob and those with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2425	35:5	nn7z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	on the cities	0	Here “cities” stands for the people who live in the cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2426	35:5	gee5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the sons of Jacob	0	It is implied that no one attacked anyone in Jacob’s family. But two of the sons, Simeon and Levi had attacked the Canaanites relatives of Shechem after he seized and slept with Jacob’s daughter. Jacob was afraid they would seek revenge in [Genesis 34:30](../34/30.md). Alternate translation: “Jacob’s family” or “Jacob’s household” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2427	35:6	ex8u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Luz	0	This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Genesis 28:19](../28/19.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2428	35:7	ku6t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	El Bethel	0	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name El Bethel means ‘God of Bethel.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2429	35:7	i3c5			there God had revealed himself to him	0	“there God made himself known to Jacob”
2430	35:8	bz6e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Deborah	0	This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2431	35:8	xvy6			Rebekah’s nurse	0	A nurse is a woman who takes care of another woman’s child. The nurse was highly honored and important to the family.
2432	35:8	je7d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	She was buried down from Bethel	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They buried her down from Bethel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2433	35:8	v837			down from Bethel	0	The phrase “down from” is used because they buried her in a place that was lower in elevation than Bethel.
2434	35:8	cv5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Allon Bakuth	0	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Allon Bakuth means ‘Oak tree where there is weeping.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2435	35:9	sbc1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	When Jacob came from Paddan Aram	0	It can be made explicit that they were in Bethel. Alternate translation: “After Jacob left Paddan Aram, and while he was in Bethel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2436	35:9	x1ha			blessed	0	Here “bless” means to pronounce a formal blessing on someone and to cause good things to happen to that person.
2437	35:10	z15l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	but your name will no longer be called Jacob	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but your name will no longer be Jacob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2438	35:11	i7mm			God said to him	0	“God said to Jacob”
2439	35:11	z2vl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Be fruitful and multiply	0	God told Jacob to produce children so that there would be many of them. The word “multiply” explains how he was to be “fruitful.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:22](../01/22.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2440	35:11	p3b2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	A nation and a company of nations will come from you	0	Here “nation” and “nations” refer to Jacob’s descendants who will establish these nations. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2441	35:13	ev4e			God went up from him	0	Here “went up” is used because where God dwells is typically thought of as being up or above the world. Alternate translation: “God left him”
2442	35:14	b5hy			pillar	0	This is a memorial pillar which was simply a large stone or boulder set up on its end.
2443	35:14	epr5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	He poured out a drink offering over it and poured oil on it	0	This is a sign that he is dedicating the pillar to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2444	35:15	j65s			Bethel	0	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Bethel means ‘house of God.’”
2445	35:16	ap5k			Ephrath	0	This is another name for the town of Bethlehem.
2446	35:16	vy4h			She had hard labor	0	“She was having a very difficult time giving birth to the child”
2447	35:17	x4mh			While she was in hardest labor	0	“When the labor pain was at its worst”
2448	35:17	s3cm			midwife	0	a person who helps a woman when she is giving birth to a child
2449	35:18	hn3n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	As she was dying, with her dying breath	0	A “dying breath” is a person’s last breath before he or she dies. Alternate translation: “Just before she died, as she was taking her last breath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2450	35:18	dty6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ben-Oni	0	Translator may add a footnote that says “The name Ben-Oni means ‘son of my sorrow.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2451	35:18	d44e			Benjamin	0	Translator may add a footnote that says “The name Benjamin means ‘son of the right hand.’” The phrase “right hand” indicates a place of special favor.
2452	35:19	v664		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	was buried	0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they buried her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2453	35:19	cj7f			on the way	0	“alongside the road”
2454	35:20	n32v			It is the marker of Rachel’s grave to this day	0	“It marks Rachel’s grave still to this day”
2455	35:20	lj22			to this day	0	“up to the present time.” This means to the time that the author was writing this.
2456	35:21	iq45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Israel traveled on	0	It is implied that Israel’s family and servants are with him. The full meaning of this information can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2457	35:22	s2bs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	lay with	0	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2458	35:22	w9fr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bilhah	0	This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/29.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2459	35:22	m9qr			Now Jacob had twelve sons	0	This sentence begins a new paragraph, which continues into the following verses.
2460	35:22	lv7q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twelve sons	0	“12 sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2461	35:25	vbv7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bilhah	0	This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/29.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2462	35:26	bk2l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zilpah	0	This is the name of Leah’s female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:24](../29/24.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2463	35:26	tc13		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	who were born to him in Paddan Aram	0	It is implied that this does not include Benjamin who was born in the land of Canaan near Bethlehem. It only mentions Paddan Aram since that is where most of them were born. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “who were born to him in Paddan Aram, except Benjamin who was born in the land of Canaan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2464	35:27	f44e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	Jacob came to Isaac	0	Here “came” can be stated as “went.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
2465	35:27	a58a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mamre	0	This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this in [Genesis 13:18](../13/18.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2466	35:27	bc7q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kiriath Arba	0	This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:2](../23/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2467	35:28	x251		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	one hundred eighty years	0	“180 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2468	35:29	rk3c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Isaac breathed his last and died	0	“Isaac took his last breath and died.” The phrases “breathed his last” and “died” mean basically the same thing. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 25:8](../25/08.md). Alternate translation: “Isaac died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2469	35:29	p3ct		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	breathed his last	0	This is a polite way of saying a person died. See how you translated this in [Genesis 25:8](../25/08.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2470	35:29	fpy4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	was gathered to his ancestors	0	This means that after Isaac died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he joined his family members who had already died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2471	35:29	bxx8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	an old man full of days	0	The phrases “old man” and “full of days” mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that Isaac lived a very long time. Alternate translation: “after he had lived a very long time and was very old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2472	36:intro	st7p				0	# Genesis 36 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Esau’s descendants\nEsau’s descendants became known as the Edomite people group. They also become a great nation. This nation is prominent in the rest of the Old Testament. God graciously blessed Esau and he had many descendants. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
2473	36:1	zj65		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	These were the descendants of Esau (also called Edom)	0	“These are the descendants of Esau, who is also called Edom.” This sentence introduces the account of Esau’s descendants in Genesis 36:1-8. Alternate translation: “This is an account of the descendants of Esau, who is also called Edom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2474	36:2	ac64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Adah & Oholibamah	0	These are names of Esau’s wives. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2475	36:2	hna3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Elon the Hittite	0	“Elon the descendant of Heth” or “Elon a descendant of Heth.” This is the name of a man. See how you translate this in [Genesis 26:34](../26/34.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2476	36:2	s9ni		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Anah & Zibeon	0	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2477	36:2	hd6t			Hivite	0	This refers to a larger group of people. See how you translated it in [Genesis 10:17](../10/17.md).
2478	36:3	g86y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nebaioth	0	a man’s name (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2479	36:3	k2u1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Basemath	0	This is the name of one of Esau’s wives. See how you translated this in [Genesis 26:34](../26/34.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2480	36:3	n8tf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nebaioth	0	This is the name of one of Ishmael’s sons. See how you translated this in [Genesis 28:9](../28/09.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2481	36:4	w5z8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Adah & Basemath	0	These are names of Esau’s wives. See how you translated these in [Genesis 36:2-3](./02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2482	36:4	s7t4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Eliphaz & Reuel	0	These are names of Esau’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2483	36:5	rp9l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Oholibamah	0	These are names of Esau’s wives. See how you translated these in [Genesis 36:2](./02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2484	36:5	m5u2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jeush & Jalam & Korah	0	These are names of Esau’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2485	36:6	k2ey		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	which he had gathered in the land of Canaan	0	This refers to all of the things that he had accumulated while living in the land of Canaan. Alternate translation: “which he had accumulated while living in the land of Canaan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2486	36:6	u7vt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	went into a land	0	This means to moved to another place and live there. Alternate translation: “went to live in another land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2487	36:7	y3im			their possessions	0	“Esau’s and Jacob’s possessions”
2488	36:7	kr6m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	could not support them because of their livestock	0	The land was not large enough to support all of the livestock that Jacob and Esau owned. Alternate translation: “was not big enough to support all of their livestock” or “was not big enough for both Esau’s flocks and Jacob’s flocks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2489	36:7	ui47		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	where they had settled	0	The word “settled” means to move somewhere and live there. Alternate translation: “where they had moved to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2490	36:9	yd4a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	These were the descendants of Esau	0	This sentence introduces the account of Esau’s descendants in Genesis 36:9-43. Alternate translation: “This is an account of the descendants of Esau” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2491	36:9	vme3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	in the hill country of Seir	0	This means that they lived in the hill country of Seir. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. Alternate translation: “who lived in the hill country of Seir” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2492	36:10	kf9d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Eliphaz & Reuel	0	These are names of Esau’s sons. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:4](../36/04.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2493	36:10	b61h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Adah & Basemath	0	These are names of Esau’s wives. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:2-3](./02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2494	36:11	uw62		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz	0	These are names of the sons of Eliphaz. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2495	36:12	q2xy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Amalek	0	a son of Eliphaz (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2496	36:12	c8w1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Timna	0	This is the name of Eliphaz’s concubine. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2497	36:13	qe6l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Reuel	0	This is the name of a son of Esau. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2498	36:13	eka4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nahath & Zerah & Shammah & Mizzah	0	These are names of Reuel’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2499	36:13	tv77		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Basemath	0	This is the name of a wife of Esau. See how you translated this in [Genesis 36:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2500	36:14	n41e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Oholibamah	0	This is the name of a wife of Esau. See how you translated these in [Genesis 36:2](./02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

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