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Connecting Statement:
Paul reminds these believers that God has now made Gentiles and Jews into one body through Christ and his cross.
Gentiles in the flesh
This refers to people who were not born Jewish. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
uncircumcision
Non-Jewish people were not circumcised as babies and thus the Jews considered them people who do not follow any of God's laws. Alternate translation: "uncircumcised pagans" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
circumcision
This was another term for Jewish people because all male infants were circumcised. Alternate translation: "circumcised people" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
what is called the "circumcision" in the flesh made by human hands
Possible meanings are 1) "Jews, who are circumcised by humans" or 2) "Jews, who circumcise the physical body."
by what is called
This can be translated with an active form. Alternate translation: "by what people call" or "by those whom people call" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive)