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Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
JOS front intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Joshua<br><br>1. Conquest of the land of Canaan (1:1–12:24)<br> * Preparation for conquest; spies; crossing the Jordan River (1:1–5:1)<br> * Ceremonies at Gilgal; conquest of Jericho and Ai (5:2–8:29)<br> * The covenant affirmed at Shechem (8:30–35)<br> * Southern and central campaigns; northern campaigns (9:1–12:24)<br>1. Settlement in the Promised Land; division of the land (13:1–22:34)<br>1. Joshua’s final days (23:1–24:33)<br><br>### What is the Book of Joshua about?<br><br>The Book of Joshua is about the Israelites entering and occupying the Promised Land. Joshua was the leader that replaced Moses. He led the Israelites as they fought the people living in the Promised Land. This book also tells how the Israelites divided the land among the twelve tribes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>This book traditionally has the title “Joshua” because Joshua leads the people of Israel after Moses dies. Translators may create a title such as “The Book About When Joshua Led Israel.” Translators should avoid a title that suggests Joshua as the writer of the book.<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Joshua?<br><br>The book does not tell who wrote it. However, some verses in the book indicate that Joshua may have written at least part of it. Since ancient times, Jews have thought that Joshua wrote most of the book.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### How does the Book of Joshua present the cause of historical events?<br><br>In the ancient Near East, people assumed that gods caused world events to happen in a certain way. The Book of Joshua has some similarities with this view, but there are important differences. The events in the Book of Joshua occurred because Yahweh promised the Israelites that he would give them the Promised Land. What happened also depended on whether or not the Israelites obeyed Yahweh.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What does the phrase “to this day” mean?<br><br>This phrase was used by the writer to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” refers to a time already passed. He must avoid giving the impression to readers that “to this day” means “to the present day.” The translator might decide to say “to this day, at the time when this was being written,” or “to this day, at the time of writing.” This Hebrew phrase occurs in Joshua 4:9; 6:25; 7:26; 8:28, 29; 10:27; 13:13; 14:14; 15:63; 16:10.<br><br>### What does the phrase “all Israel” mean?<br><br>This phrase appears many times in the Book of Joshua, but it does not always mean every person in the nation of Israel. At times it means the Israelite army. At other times it means the representatives of the twelve tribes of Israel. In still other passages, it probably means a large number of the people in the nation of Israel.<br><br>### When should Joshua be translated?<br><br>The Book of Joshua should probably not be translated before Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. This is because the historical events of Joshua will not be understood without the information in these previous books.
JOS 1 intro r7gc 0 # Joshua 1 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter appears to be a natural continuation of the book of Deuteronomy.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Be strong and Courageous<br><br>Joshua is often told, “Be strong and courageous.” This repeated encouragement is on purpose and may indicate Joshua will need help in the future.
JOS 1 1 s8u5 יְהוָ֑ה 1 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
JOS 1 1 eka2 translate-names נ֔וּן 1 Nun Joshua’s father (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 1 2 le23 figs-idiom עֲבֹ֜ר אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַ⁠זֶּ֗ה 1 cross over this Jordan To “cross over” means “go to the opposite bank of the river.” Alternate translation: “travel from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 1 2 vix4 figs-you אַתָּה֙ וְ⁠כָל־הָ⁠עָ֣ם הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה 1 you and all this people The word “you” here refers to Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 1 3 v1l7 figs-pastforfuture כָּל־מָק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּדְרֹ֧ךְ כַּֽף־רַגְלְ⁠כֶ֛ם בּ֖⁠וֹ לָ⁠כֶ֣ם נְתַתִּ֑י⁠ו 1 I have given you every place God giving the land to the Israelites in the future is spoken of as if he gave it to them in the past. This emphasizes that he will certainly give it to them. Alternate translation: “I will give to you every place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JOS 1 3 xjc9 figs-you בּ֖⁠וֹ לָ⁠כֶ֣ם נְתַתִּ֑י⁠ו 1 I have given you The word “you” refers to both Joshua and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 1 3 t94e figs-idiom כָּל־מָק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּדְרֹ֧ךְ כַּֽף־רַגְלְ⁠כֶ֛ם 1 every place where the sole of your foot will walk This refers to all the places Joshua and the Israelites will travel when they cross the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “everywhere you go in this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 1 4 nbe3 figs-you גְּבוּלְ⁠כֶֽם 1 your land The word “your” refers to the tribes of Israel and not only Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 1 5 w48w figs-you יִתְיַצֵּ֥ב…לְ⁠פָנֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 to stand before you In verse 5 the words “you” and “your” refer to Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 1 5 iq2e figs-doublet לֹ֥א אַרְפְּ⁠ךָ֖ וְ⁠לֹ֥א אֶעֶזְבֶֽ⁠ךָּ 1 I will not abandon you or leave you The words “abandon” and “leave” mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that he will not do these things. Alternate translation: “I will certainly stay with you always” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JOS 1 6 a5yc figs-imperative 0 General Information: Yahweh gives Joshua a series of commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
JOS 1 6 gn34 figs-imperative חֲזַ֖ק וֶ⁠אֱמָ֑ץ 1 Be strong and courageous Yahweh commands Joshua to overcome his fears with courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
JOS 1 7 db9m figs-imperative אַל־תָּס֥וּר מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ יָמִ֣ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹ֑אול 1 Do not turn from it to the right or to the left This can be stated as a positive command. Alternate translation: “Follow it exactly” or “Follow them exactly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
JOS 1 7 jy5x תַּשְׂכִּ֔יל 1 be successful Alternate translation: “achieve your goal” or “reach your goal”
JOS 1 8 lcs7 figs-doublet תַּצְלִ֥יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֖⁠ךָ וְ⁠אָ֥ז תַּשְׂכִּֽיל 1 prosperous and successful These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize great prosperity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOS 1 9 vt4l figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֤וֹא צִוִּיתִ֨י⁠ךָ֙ 1 Have I not commanded you? This refers to Yahweh commanding Joshua. Alternate translation: “I have commanded you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 1 9 fnz8 figs-imperative חֲזַ֣ק וֶ⁠אֱמָ֔ץ 1 Be strong and courageous! Yahweh is commanding Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
JOS 1 10 b59x figs-explicit הָ⁠עָ֖ם 1 the people This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 1 11 f3rg figs-quotesinquotes עִבְר֣וּ׀ בְּ⁠קֶ֣רֶב הַֽ⁠מַּחֲנֶ֗ה וְ⁠צַוּ֤וּ אֶת־הָ⁠עָם֙ לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר הָכִ֥ינוּ לָ⁠כֶ֖ם צֵידָ֑ה כִּ֞י בְּ⁠ע֣וֹד׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֗ים אַתֶּם֙ עֹֽבְרִים֙ אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה לָ⁠בוֹא֙ לָ⁠רֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵי⁠כֶ֔ם נֹתֵ֥ן לָ⁠כֶ֖ם לְ⁠רִשְׁתָּֽ⁠הּ 1 Go through the camp and command the people, ‘Prepare … possess.’ Embedded quotes can be expressed as indirect quotes. Alternate translation: “Go through the camp and command the people to prepare provisions for themselves. In three days they will cross over this Jordan and go in and possess the land that Yahweh their God is giving them to possess.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
JOS 1 11 ck8h בְּ⁠ע֣וֹד׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֗ים 1 In three days Here Joshua was counting his present day as day one. Alternate translation: “Two days from now” or “On the day after tomorrow”
JOS 1 11 wg1e figs-idiom עֹֽבְרִים֙ אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֣ן 1 cross over this Jordan “cross over” refers to going to the opposite side of the river. Alternate translation: “travel to the other side of the Jordan River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 1 12 uji6 figs-explicit 0 General Information: The tribes of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh chose to settle east of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 1 12 fx7h translate-names וְ⁠לָ⁠רֽאוּבֵנִי֙ 1 Reubenites These were the descendants of Reuben. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 1 12 z8vh translate-names וְ⁠לַ⁠גָּדִ֔י 1 Gadites These were the decendants of Gad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 1 14 tf68 טַפְּ⁠כֶם֮ 1 your little ones Alternate translation: “your little children”
JOS 1 14 fb4d figs-idiom בְּ⁠עֵ֣בֶר הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֑ן 1 beyond the Jordan This refers to the east side of the Jordan River. Later most of the Israelites would live west of the Jordan, so they called the east side “beyond the Jordan.” But at this time they were all still on the east side. Alternate translation: “east of the Jordan River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 1 15 b5yt figs-idiom אֲשֶׁר־יָנִ֨יחַ…לַֽ⁠אֲחֵי⁠כֶם֮ 1 given your brothers rest This refers to Israel defeating all their enemies residing in Canaan that they were to conquer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 1 15 g4ez וְ⁠שַׁבְתֶּ֞ם לְ⁠אֶ֤רֶץ יְרֻשַּׁתְ⁠כֶם֙ וִֽ⁠ירִשְׁתֶּ֣ם 1 you will … possess it This refers to living out their life on the land in peace.
JOS 1 15 rrj2 figs-idiom בְּ⁠עֵ֥בֶר הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֖ן מִזְרַ֥ח הַ⁠שָּֽׁמֶשׁ 1 beyond the Jordan, where the sun rises This refers to the east side of the Jordan river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 1 16 c7t9 0 General Information: These Isrelites were specifically the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh that replied to Joshua.
JOS 1 18 rel4 figs-parallelism יַמְרֶ֣ה אֶת־פִּ֗י⁠ךָ וְ⁠לֹֽא־יִשְׁמַ֧ע אֶת־דְּבָרֶ֛י⁠ךָ 1 rebels against your commands and disobeys your words These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that any form of disobedience will be punished. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 1 18 lbc3 figs-activepassive יוּמָ֑ת 1 will be put to death If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we will put to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 1 18 zez7 figs-parallelism חֲזַ֥ק וֶ⁠אֱמָֽץ 1 be strong and courageous Israel and God considered both traits important for Joshua to pursue as their leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 2 intro vg4m 0 # Joshua 2 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the story of the conquest of the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Rahab’s faith<br><br>Rahab expressed her faith in Yahweh. The statement “for Yahweh your God, he is God in heaven above and on the earth below” is a recognition of her faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>The Israelites were to completely destroy the evil Canaanites. They are compared to melting snow: “…melting away because of us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
JOS 2 1 ig8n translate-names נ֠וּן 1 Nun This is Joshua’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 2 1 w886 translate-names הַ⁠שִּׁטִּ֞ים 1 Shittim This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means “Acacia Trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 2 1 z78b מְרַגְּלִים֙ 1 as spies These men were to visit the land to gain information on how Israel should conquer the land.
JOS 2 4 k613 0 General Information: Rahab the prostitute protects the two Israelite spies from harm.
JOS 2 4 l15y וַ⁠תִּקַּ֧ח הָֽ⁠אִשָּׁ֛ה אֶת־שְׁנֵ֥י הָ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֖ים וַֽ⁠תִּצְפְּנ֑⁠וֹ 1 But the woman had taken the two men and hidden them This happened before the king’s messenger spoke to her.
JOS 2 4 am3m הָֽ⁠אִשָּׁ֛ה 1 the woman This refers to Rahab, the prostitute.
JOS 2 5 j3x6 בַּ⁠חֹ֨שֶׁךְ֙ 1 dusk This is the time that day begins to change to the darkness of night.
JOS 2 6 l5zb writing-background וְ⁠הִ֖יא הֶעֱלָ֣תַ⁠ם הַ⁠גָּ֑גָ⁠ה וַֽ⁠תִּטְמְנֵ⁠ם֙ בְּ⁠פִשְׁתֵּ֣י הָ⁠עֵ֔ץ הָ⁠עֲרֻכ֥וֹת לָ֖⁠הּ עַל־הַ⁠גָּֽג 1 But she had taken them … on the roof This is background information and explains how she had hidden the men in [Joshua 2:4](../02/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JOS 2 6 st56 הַ⁠גָּ֑גָ⁠ה 1 the roof The roof was flat and strong, so people could walk around on it.
JOS 2 6 b99c בְּ⁠פִשְׁתֵּ֣י 1 flax a plant that is grown for its fibers, which is used in making cloth
JOS 2 7 kdj3 וְ⁠הָ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֗ים רָדְפ֤וּ אַֽחֲרֵי⁠הֶם֙ 1 the men pursued them The men pursued the spies because of what Rahab had told them in [Joshua 2:5](../02/05.md).
JOS 2 7 p4sx הַֽ⁠מַּעְבְּר֑וֹת 1 fords places where a river or other body of water is shallow enough for people to get to the other side by walking through it
JOS 2 8 ds5e figs-idiom טֶ֣רֶם יִשְׁכָּב֑וּ⁠ן 1 not yet lain down This refers to going to sleep for the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 2 9 t8zy figs-you יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָ⁠כֶ֖ם אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ 1 I know that Yahweh has given you the land The word “you” refers to the all the Israelite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 2 9 xr6a figs-metaphor נָפְלָ֤ה אֵֽימַתְ⁠כֶם֙ עָלֵ֔י⁠נוּ 1 fear of you has come upon us Becoming afraid is spoken of as if feat came and attacked them. Alternate translation: “we have become afraid of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 2 9 u74z figs-metaphor נָמֹ֛גוּ…מִ⁠פְּנֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 will melt away before you This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. Possible meanings are 1) they will be weak in the Israelites’ presence or 2) they will be scattered. Alternate translation: “will be so afraid that they will not resist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 2 10 bcm2 יַם־סוּף֙ 1 the Sea of Reeds This is another name for the Red Sea.
JOS 2 10 c6i6 translate-names לְ⁠סִיחֹ֣ן וּ⁠לְ⁠ע֔וֹג 1 Sihon … Og These are the names of the Amorite kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 2 11 qx6v figs-doublet וַ⁠יִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבֵ֔⁠נוּ וְ⁠לֹא־קָ֨מָה ע֥וֹד ר֛וּחַ בְּ⁠אִ֖ישׁ 1 our hearts melted and there was no courage left in anyone These two phrases share similar meanings, combined for emphasis. The phrase “our hearts melted” compares the hearts of the fearful people of Jericho to ice melting and flowing away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 2 12 nmi4 figs-parallelism הִשָּֽׁבְעוּ־נָ֥א לִ⁠י֙…וּ⁠נְתַתֶּ֥ם לִ֖⁠י א֥וֹת אֱמֶֽת 1 please swear to me … Give me a sure sign These are similar statements of Rahab seeking assurance from the spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 2 12 nh3t figs-you עָשִׂ֥יתִי עִמָּ⁠כֶ֖ם חָ֑סֶד 1 I have been kind to you The word “you” refers to the two spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 2 13 m6i6 figs-euphemism וְ⁠הַחֲיִתֶ֞ם אֶת־…וְ⁠הִצַּלְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵ֖י⁠נוּ מִ⁠מָּֽוֶת 1 spare the lives … save us from death a polite way of saying “do not to kill us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOS 2 14 ji8q 0 General Information: The Israelite spies make the promise which Rahab asked for in [Joshua 2:12](../02/12.md)
JOS 2 14 yb7i figs-idiom נַפְשֵׁ֤⁠נוּ תַחְתֵּי⁠כֶם֙ לָ⁠מ֔וּת 1 Our life for yours, even to death This idiom is a way of swearing and asking God to curse them if they do not keep their promise. Alternate translation: “If we do not do what we promise, may Yahweh cause us to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 2 15 b3dr 0 General Information: The Israelite spies continue to talk to Rahab.
JOS 2 17 dmh8 figs-hypo 1 This expresses a condition for the promise the spies had made to Rahab. The word, “this,” refers to “tie this scarlet rope in the window” in [Joshua 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS 2 18 e4iw 0 General Information: The Israelite spies continue talking to Rahab.
JOS 2 18 x2n8 0 Connecting Statement: The Israelite spies clarify the condition they expressed in [Joshua 2:15](../02/15.md).
JOS 2 19 vdc9 figs-hypo כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵא֩ מִ⁠דַּלְתֵ֨י 1 Whoever goes out of the doors of your house This phrase expresses a condition, creating a hypothetical situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS 2 19 k27w figs-metonymy דָּמ֥⁠וֹ בְ⁠רֹאשׁ֖⁠וֹ 1 blood will be upon their own heads Here “blood” represents a person’s death. To be responsible for their own death is spoken of as if their blood would be on their heads. Alternate translation: “their death will be their own fault” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 2 19 m728 וַ⁠אֲנַ֣חְנוּ נְקִיִּ֑ם 1 we will be guiltless Alternate translation: “we will be innocent”
JOS 2 19 qg47 figs-euphemism אִם־יָ֖ד תִּֽהְיֶה־בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 if a hand is laid upon any Here “a hand is laid upon” is a polite way of referring to causing someone injury. Alternate translation: “if we cause injury to any” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOS 2 20 ew4z 0 General Information: The two Israelite spies continue to speak to Rahab about their promise to her. The spies required Rahab to remain silent about their visit or they would be free from their oath to protect her family.
JOS 2 20 e659 figs-you וְ⁠אִם־תַּגִּ֖ידִי 1 if you speak “You” refers to Rahab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 2 21 uxw6 כְּ⁠דִבְרֵי⁠כֶ֣ם כֶּן 1 May what you say be done Rahab agreed to their terms of the oath to protect her family.
JOS 2 22 gjr5 0 General Information: The two Israelites spies leave Jericho.
JOS 2 22 a2i7 figs-explicit שָׁ֖בוּ הָ⁠רֹדְפִ֑ים 1 their pursuers returned It may be helpful to say they returned to Jericho. Alternate translation: “their pursuers returned to the city of Jericho” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 2 22 y2rj וְ⁠לֹ֥א מָצָֽאוּ 1 found nothing This refers to the men not finding the spies.
JOS 2 23 zps9 figs-explicit וַ⁠יָּשֻׁ֜בוּ שְׁנֵ֤י הָֽ⁠אֲנָשִׁים֙ 1 The two men returned The two men returned back to the Israelite’s camp. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 2 23 y6et figs-doublet וַ⁠יָּשֻׁ֜בוּ…וַ⁠יֵּרְד֣וּ…וַ⁠יַּעַבְרוּ֙ וַ⁠יָּבֹ֔אוּ 1 returned and crossed over and came back These are similar expressions referring to returning to where the Israelite’s are camped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOS 2 23 u3is figs-idiom וַ⁠יַּעַבְרוּ֙ 1 crossed over “cross over” means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “traveled from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 2 23 i2bk translate-names נ֑וּן 1 Nun This is a male name; the father of Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 2 23 cv1w אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַ⁠מֹּצְא֖וֹת אוֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 everything that had happened to them Alternate translation: “all that the men had experienced and seen.”
JOS 2 24 rk66 בְּ⁠יָדֵ֖⁠נוּ 1 our This word, “us,” refers to Israel.
JOS 2 24 eh7s figs-metaphor יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ 1 inhabitants of the land are melting away The people of the land toward Israel are like a substance that melts in the presence of heat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 3 intro qs85 0 # Joshua 3 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God dries the Jordan River<br><br>Joshua told the people “Dedicate yourselves to Yahweh tomorrow, for Yahweh will do wonders among you.” The conquest of the Promised Land is accomplished through the supernatural power of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
JOS 3 1 ct91 וַ⁠יַּשְׁכֵּם֩ 1 got up The phrase, “got up,” means to “awaken.”
JOS 3 1 y8kd מֵֽ⁠הַ⁠שִּׁטִּ֗ים 1 Shittim A place in the land of Moab, west of the Jordan River where the Israelites were camped before their entry into the promised land, Canaan.
JOS 3 2 wz25 הַ⁠שֹּׁטְרִ֖ים 1 officers These are people holding a position of command or authority.
JOS 3 3 ghy1 figs-metonymy אֶת־הָ⁠עָ֣ם 1 people This is the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 3 4 tn3h translate-bdistance כְּ⁠אַלְפַּ֥יִם אַמָּ֖ה 1 two thousand cubits “2,000 cubits.” The word “cubit” is a measurement equaling the distance from the elbow to the finger tips. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 3 5 hy6c הִתְקַדָּ֑שׁוּ 1 Consecrate yourselves This refers to a special preparation of being religiously clean before Yahweh.
JOS 3 5 wz6l יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בְּ⁠קִרְבְּ⁠כֶ֖ם נִפְלָאֽוֹת 1 Yahweh will do wonders Yahweh will be doing miracles for all to see and experience.
JOS 3 6 ts4p שְׂאוּ֙ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן 1 Take up the ark This is referring to the levites picking up the ark for the purpose of carrying it from one location to another.
JOS 3 7 u6dt 0 General Information: Yahweh tells Joshua what the priest are to do.
JOS 3 7 q8ud figs-metaphor אָחֵל֙ גַּדֶּלְ⁠ךָ֔ בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֖י כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 I will make you a great man in the eyes of all Israel The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “the people will see what I do and realize that I have made you a great man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 3 8 b797 קְצֵה֙ מֵ֣י הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן 1 edge of the waters of the Jordan Joshua is to approach the bank or edge of the Jordan River.
JOS 3 9 pd66 0 General Information: Joshua tells Israel what Yahweh is about to do
JOS 3 10 u9w6 figs-metaphor וְ⁠הוֹרֵ֣שׁ יוֹרִ֣ישׁ מִ֠⁠פְּנֵי⁠כֶם 1 drive out from before you Yahweh will force the other people living on the land to leave or be killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 3 11 zex2 figs-idiom עֹבֵ֥ר 1 crosses over “cross over” means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “will travel from this side to the opposite side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 3 12 u1wg 0 General Information: Just as Israel’s fathers experience crossing the Red Sea, these people will experience crossing the Jordan river on dry land.
JOS 3 13 bej3 כַּפּ֣וֹת רַגְלֵ֣י 1 the soles of the feet This refers to the bottom of their feet.
JOS 3 13 u9rl מִ⁠לְ⁠מָ֑עְלָ⁠ה 1 upstream This word refers to the direction the Jordan River water is flowing toward Israel.
JOS 3 13 s6ud וְ⁠יַעַמְד֖וּ נֵ֥ד אֶחָֽד 1 stand in one heap The water will stay in one spot or place. It will not flow around the priests.
JOS 3 15 nhu7 figs-synecdoche בִּ⁠קְצֵ֣ה הַ⁠מָּ֑יִם 1 edge of the water This can refer to the surface of the water as well as the bank where the water flows to dry land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 3 15 mu2b writing-background וְ⁠הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֗ן מָלֵא֙ עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָ֔י⁠ו כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י קָצִֽיר 1 now the Jordan overflows all its banks throughout the time of the harvest This is background information and it emphasizes the scale of what Yahweh is doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JOS 3 17 tg4f figs-explicit הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֖ן 1 the Jordan This refers to the Jordan River bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 3 17 w7z6 figs-idiom עֹֽבְרִים֙ 1 crossed over This phrase means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “traveled from this side to the opposite side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 4 intro eh7p 0 # Joshua 4 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s war<br>The conquering of the Promised Land was a special war. It was God’s war against the people of Canaan and Joshua recognized that they would only be victorious through Yahweh’s power. This is why their first act after crossing the Jordan River was to build an altar. This war was a witness to Yahweh’s power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
JOS 4 1 yem9 figs-pronouns 0 General Information: Though Yahweh was speaking directly to Joshua, all occurrences of you include Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JOS 4 1 h2p6 figs-idiom לַ⁠עֲב֖וֹר 1 crossed over The words “crossed over” refer to going to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “went across” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 4 1 lz4a figs-explicit אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֑ן 1 the Jordan the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 4 3 g6yc figs-quotesinquotes וְ⁠צַוּ֣וּ אוֹתָ⁠ם֮ לֵ⁠אמֹר֒ שְׂאֽוּ־לָ⁠כֶ֨ם מִ⁠זֶּ֜ה מִ⁠תּ֣וֹךְ הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֗ן מִ⁠מַּצַּב֙ רַגְלֵ֣י הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֔ים הָכִ֖ין שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אֲבָנִ֑ים וְ⁠הַעֲבַרְתֶּ֤ם אוֹתָ⁠ם֙ עִמָּ⁠כֶ֔ם וְ⁠הִנַּחְתֶּ֣ם אוֹתָ֔⁠ם בַּ⁠מָּל֕וֹן אֲשֶׁר־תָּלִ֥ינוּ ב֖⁠וֹ הַ⁠לָּֽיְלָה 1 Give them this command: ‘…‘ The nested quote can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Give them this command to take up twelve stones from the middle of the Jordan where the priests are standing on the dry ground, and bring them over with you and lay them down in the place where you will spend the night tonight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JOS 4 4 r99r 0 General Information: Joshua tells the twelve men what to do.
JOS 4 5 wr9d figs-explicit אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְ⁠הָרִ֨ימוּ לָ⁠כֶ֜ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶ֤בֶן אַחַת֙ עַל־שִׁכְמ֔⁠וֹ 1 into the middle of the Jordan. Each of you is to take up a stone upon his shoulder Each of the twelve men were to pick up a large stone from the Jordan River bed and carry them to the other side to build a monument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 4 6 v6tn 0 General Information: Joshua tells Israel what the pile of twelve stones mean.
JOS 4 7 bq5m figs-activepassive נִכְרְת֜וּ מֵימֵ֤י הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֙ מִ⁠פְּנֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֔ה 1 The waters of the Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of Yahweh If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh cut off the waters of the Jordan in front of the ark of his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 4 7 gsy5 נִכְרְת֜וּ מֵימֵ֤י הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֙ 1 The waters of the Jordan were Alternate translation: “The Jordan River was”
JOS 4 7 ew13 נִכְרְת֜וּ…מִ⁠פְּנֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן 1 were cut off before the ark The Jordan River was prevented by God from flowing up to the ark that was being carried by the priests.
JOS 4 7 ww74 נִכְרְת֜וּ מֵימֵ֤י הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֙ 1 the waters of the Jordan were cut off The water flowing down the Jordan River stopped before the ark so everyone including the ark traveled on the dry river bed.
JOS 4 8 q4qp 0 General Information: Joshua and Israel continue to do as Yahweh commanded.
JOS 4 8 f69z figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּשְׂא֡וּ שְׁתֵּֽי־עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה אֲבָנִ֜ים מִ⁠תּ֣וֹךְ הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֗ן 1 they picked up twelve stones from the middle of the Jordan This refers to the twelve men picking up stones from the middle of the Jordan River bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 4 9 igh8 figs-explicit וּ⁠שְׁתֵּ֧ים עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אֲבָנִ֗ים הֵקִ֣ים יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ בְּ⁠ת֣וֹךְ הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֒ 1 Then Joshua set up twelve stones in the middle of the Jordan These were twelve additional stones, not the stones that the twelve men carried from the river bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 4 9 yb3y וַ⁠יִּ֣הְיוּ שָׁ֔ם עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 The memorial is there to this day This means the memorial was there to the day that the author was writing this book.
JOS 4 10 reg9 הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֒ 1 the Jordan This refers to the Jordan River.
JOS 4 10 bl85 figs-metonymy הָ⁠עָ֖ם 1 the people This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 4 10 er8c figs-idiom וַֽ⁠יַּעֲבֹֽרוּ 1 crossed over This means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “traveled from one side to the opposite side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 4 11 vff8 figs-idiom לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י הָ⁠עָֽם 1 before the people This refers to being in front of the people or in the sight of all the people. Everyone saw the ark being carried by the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 4 12 gp7q figs-explicit וַ֠⁠יַּעַבְרוּ בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֨ן וּ⁠בְנֵי־גָ֜ד וַ⁠חֲצִ֨י שֵׁ֤בֶט הַֽ⁠מְנַשֶּׁה֙ חֲמֻשִׁ֔ים לִ⁠פְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 The tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh passed before the people of Israel formed up as an army These were the soldiers of the 3 tribes that were fulfilling their obligation to lead the Israelites into battle for settling on the East side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 4 14 cc5t כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֛ר יָרְא֥וּ 1 just as they The word “they” refers to the people of Israel.
JOS 4 15 m7sg 0 General Information: Yahweh tells Joshua to have the priests exit the Jordan River.
JOS 4 17 xw1x 0 General Information: The Author was making it clear that parting the Jordan River was no different than parting the Red Sea for the previous generation.
JOS 4 18 m5z1 וַ⁠יָּשֻׁ֤בוּ מֵֽי־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֙ לִ⁠מְקוֹמָ֔⁠ם וַ⁠יֵּלְכ֥וּ כִ⁠תְמוֹל־שִׁלְשׁ֖וֹם עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָֽי⁠ו 1 waters of the Jordan returned to their place and overflowed its banks The Jordan River was overflowing its banks and flooding the area before and after Israel passed through on dry land.
JOS 4 19 bf72 עָלוּ֙ מִן־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן 1 came up out of the Jordan This refers to when Israel crossed the Jordan River on dry ground.
JOS 4 19 zy5r translate-hebrewmonths בֶּ⁠עָשׂ֖וֹר לַ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָ⁠רִאשׁ֑וֹן 1 on the tenth day of the first month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS 4 20 s8s2 figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵת֩ שְׁתֵּ֨ים עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה הָֽ⁠אֲבָנִים֙ הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֖וּ מִן־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֑ן 1 The twelve stones that they took out of the Jordan Each tribe was to take one stone from the Jordan River so Joshua could build a memorial of the crossing event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 4 22 p6nk וְ⁠הוֹדַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּנֵי⁠כֶ֣ם 1 Tell your children It was for Israel to teach their children of God’s miracles so that they would honor Yahweh forever.
JOS 4 24 qe29 figs-metonymy אֶת־יַ֣ד יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י חֲזָקָ֖ה הִ֑יא 1 the hand of Yahweh is mighty This refers to the power of Yahweh being strong. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is mighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 5 intro dv8f 0 # Joshua 5 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Circumcision<br><br>It would have been very unusual to be circumcised in a time of war. When men are circumcised they are unable to move without pain or to defend themselves in battle for several days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])<br><br>### Manna<br><br>Yahweh stops providing manna in this chapter and will no longer provide them with their daily allotment of food. This does not mean Yahweh’s care and provision will stop.
JOS 5 1 el1p figs-parallelism וַ⁠יִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗⁠ם וְ⁠לֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥⁠ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ 1 their hearts melted … there was no longer any spirit in them These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of their fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 5 1 q8mi figs-metonymy וַ⁠יִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗⁠ם 1 their hearts melted Here “hearts” refers to their courage. They were so afraid that it was as if their courage melted away like wax in a fire. Alternate translation: “they lost all their courage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 5 1 a2wh figs-metonymy וְ⁠לֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥⁠ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ 1 there was no longer any spirit in them Here “spirit” refers to their will to fight. Alternate translation: “they no longer had any will to fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 5 3 m1u7 figs-explicit וַ⁠יַּעַשׂ־ל֥⁠וֹ יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ חַֽרְב֣וֹת צֻרִ֑ים וַ⁠יָּ֨מָל֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י 1 Joshua made himself flint knives … he circumcised all the males There were over 600,000 males, so it is understood that while Joshua was in charge of this task, many other people helped him. If this would confuse your readers, you may want to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “Joshua and the Israelites made themselves flint knives … they circumcised all the males” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 5 3 jin6 translate-names גִּבְעַ֖ת הָ⁠עֲרָלֽוֹת 1 Gibeath Haaraloth This is a place name which commemorates Israel rededicating themselves to Yahweh. It means “the hill of the foreskins.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 5 4 i17c 0 General Information: The reason all the males of Israel had to be circumcised is explained.
JOS 5 4 uz5p אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַ⁠מִּלְחָמָ֗ה 1 the men of war the men who were old enough to be soldiers
JOS 5 6 k8wl figs-metonymy שָׁמְע֖וּ בְּ⁠ק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה 1 obey the voice of Yahweh Here “voice” refers to the things that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “obey the things that Yahweh commanded them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 5 6 jrp7 figs-metaphor אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ⁠דְבָֽשׁ 1 a land flowing with milk and honey God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 5 9 x1q8 figs-metaphor הַ⁠יּ֗וֹם גַּלּ֛וֹתִי אֶת־חֶרְפַּ֥ת מִצְרַ֖יִם מֵ⁠עֲלֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 This day I have rolled away the disgrace of Egypt from you Their disgrace is spoken of as if it were a large stone that blocked their path. Here “rolled away” means “removed.” Alternate translation: “This day I have removed the disgrace of Egypt from you” or “You were disgraced when you were slaves in Egypt. But, today I have caused you to no longer be disgraced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 5 10 tdl1 translate-hebrewmonths בְּ⁠אַרְבָּעָה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֥וֹם לַ⁠חֹ֛דֶשׁ 1 the fourteenth day of the month This is near the end of March on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “the fourteenth day of the first month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 5 13 iyi7 figs-metaphor וַ⁠יִּשָּׂ֤א עֵינָי⁠ו֙ וַ⁠יַּ֔רְא וְ⁠הִנֵּה־אִישׁ֙ עֹמֵ֣ד 1 he lifted up his eyes and looked, and behold, a man was standing Here looking up is spoken of as if Joshua literally lifted his eyes in his hands. Alternate translation: “he looked up and saw that a man was standing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 5 13 x26s וְ⁠הִנֵּה 1 behold The word “behold” alerts us to pay special attention to new information. Your language may have a way of doing this.
JOS 5 13 kk45 וְ⁠חַרְבּ֥⁠וֹ שְׁלוּפָ֖ה בְּ⁠יָד֑⁠וֹ 1 he had drawn his sword and it was in his hand Here the words “he” and “his” refer to the man who was standing in front of Joshua.
JOS 5 14 d8u1 וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר 1 He said The word “he” refers to the man Joshua saw.
JOS 5 14 ds5l לֹ֗א 1 Neither This is the beginning of the man’s answer to Joshua’s question, “Are you for us or for our enemies?” This short answer could be clarified. Alternate translation: “I am neither for you nor for your enemies”
JOS 5 14 r42a translate-symaction וַ⁠יִּפֹּל֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ אֶל־פָּנָ֥י⁠ו אַ֨רְצָ⁠ה֙ וַ⁠יִּשְׁתָּ֔חוּ 1 Joshua lay facedown on the ground to worship This was an act of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOS 5 15 ge5y translate-symaction שַׁל־נַֽעַלְ⁠ךָ֙ מֵ⁠עַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֔⁠ךָ 1 Take off your sandals from your feet This was an act of reverence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOS 6 intro uie9 0 # Joshua 6 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh conquers<br><br>It was God, not the army, who gave them victory. It is said, “Shout! For Yahweh has given you the city.” The circumstances of Israel’s victory in the battle for Jericho were very unusual. It was never common to march around a city or to shout in order to win a military battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 6 1 gbz8 וִֽ⁠ירִיחוֹ֙ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells us why the gates of Jericho are closed and locked up.
JOS 6 2 j65i figs-pastforfuture נָתַ֣תִּי בְ⁠יָֽדְ⁠ךָ֔ אֶת־יְרִיח֖וֹ וְ⁠אֶת־מַלְכָּ֑⁠הּ גִּבּוֹרֵ֖י הֶ⁠חָֽיִל 1 I have delivered Jericho into your hand, its king, and its trained soldiers Yahweh is telling Joshua that he will certainly do this by saying that he has already done it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JOS 6 2 v4hu figs-metonymy בְ⁠יָֽדְ⁠ךָ֔ 1 into your hand The word “hand” is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “so that you can control it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 6 3 fu9e 0 Connecting Statement: God continues telling Joshua what the people must do.
JOS 6 3 eik2 כֹּ֥ה תַעֲשֶׂ֖ה שֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים 1 You must do this for six days Alternate translation: “You must do this once each day for six days”
JOS 6 4 b6ml וְ⁠שִׁבְעָ֣ה כֹהֲנִ֡ים יִשְׂאוּ֩ שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֤וֹת הַ⁠יּֽוֹבְלִים֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י הָ⁠אָר֔וֹן 1 Seven priests must carry seven trumpets of rams’ horns before the ark The seven priests are to march in front of other priests who are carrying the ark and marching around the city.
JOS 6 5 zdc7 0 Connecting Statement: God continues telling Joshua what the people must do.
JOS 6 5 d5rg בִּ⁠מְשֹׁ֣ךְ׀ בְּ⁠קֶ֣רֶן הַ⁠יּוֹבֵ֗ל 1 they must sound a long blast with the ram’s horn … of the trumpet The word “they” refers to the seven priests. The “ram’s horn” and “trumpet” refer to the trumpets of rams’ horns that the priests were blowing in [Joshua 6:4](../06/04.md).
JOS 6 5 g97v חוֹמַ֤ת הָ⁠עִיר֙ 1 the wall of the city Alternate translation: “the outer wall of the city” or “the wall surrounding the city”
JOS 6 6 h9cn translate-names נוּן֙ 1 Nun This is Joshua’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 6 6 s5ne שְׂא֖וּ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הַ⁠בְּרִ֑ית 1 Take up the ark of the covenant Alternate translation: “Pick up the ark of the covenant”
JOS 6 8 l35d figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 before Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) “in obedience to Yahweh” or 2) “in front of Yahweh’s ark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 6 8 vk7j וְ⁠תָקְע֖וּ בַּ⁠שּֽׁוֹפָר֑וֹת 1 they gave a blast on the trumpets Alternate translation: “they sounded the trumpets loudly” or “the priests blew into the ram’s horn trumpets”
JOS 6 8 ayf9 figs-explicit וַֽ⁠אֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה הֹלֵ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 The ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them It can be stated clearly that there were people carrying the ark. Alternate translation: “The priests who were carrying the ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 6 10 ls5v figs-metonymy וְ⁠לֹֽא־תַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ אֶת־קוֹלְ⁠כֶ֔ם וְ⁠לֹא־יֵצֵ֥א מִ⁠פִּי⁠כֶ֖ם דָּבָ֑ר 1 No sound must leave your mouths Sound leaving someone’s mouth refers to that person’s speaking or shouting. Alternate translation: “Do not yell or speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 6 10 tw9q figs-events וְ⁠אֶת־הָ⁠עָם֩ צִוָּ֨ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ 1 But Joshua commanded the people Joshua had commanded the people before they started walking around the city. Alternate translation: “Joshua had commanded the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
JOS 6 13 k64v translate-numbers וְ⁠שִׁבְעָ֣ה הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֡ים…שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֜וֹת 1 seven priests … seven trumpets “7 priests…7 trumpets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 6 13 ai87 וְ⁠תָקְע֖וּ בַּ⁠שּׁוֹפָר֑וֹת 1 gave blasts on the trumpets This means that they blew into their trumpets, causing them to make loud noises, multiple times. Alternate translation: “continually sounded the trumpets loudly” or “blew into the ram’s horn trumpets continually”
JOS 6 14 j232 translate-ordinal בַּ⁠יּ֤וֹם הַ⁠שֵּׁנִי֙ 1 the second day the next day (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS 6 14 r4j1 כֹּ֥ה עָשׂ֖וּ 1 They did this Israel marched around Jericho once every day.
JOS 6 14 p14u translate-numbers שֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים 1 six days “6 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 6 16 fp32 הָ⁠עָם֙ 1 the people This refers to the people of Israel.
JOS 6 16 sc3s תָּקְע֥וּ…בַּ⁠שּׁוֹפָר֑וֹת 1 gave a blast with the trumpets Alternate translation: “sounded the trumpets loudly” or “blew into the ram’s horn trumpets”
JOS 6 16 fj73 figs-pastforfuture נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 Yahweh has given you Joshua is saying that Yahweh will definitely give them the city by saying that he has already given it to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JOS 6 16 wdh6 figs-you נָתַ֧ן…לָ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 given you The word “you” refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 6 17 ugl7 0 Connecting Statement: Joshua continues speaking to the people of Israel.
JOS 6 17 w1sn figs-activepassive וְ⁠הָיְתָ֨ה הָ⁠עִ֥יר חֵ֛רֶם הִ֥יא וְ⁠כָל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖⁠הּ לַֽ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 The city and all that is in it will be set apart to Yahweh for destruction This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “You must set apart to Yahweh the city and all that is in it for destruction” or “You must set apart to Yahweh the city and all that is in it by destroying it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 6 18 ypv3 figs-metaphor שִׁמְר֣וּ מִן־הַ⁠חֵ֔רֶם 1 be on guard about taking the things Being careful is spoken of as if they are to guard themselves. “Be careful that you do not take the things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 6 18 p8xv figs-metaphor וַ⁠עֲכַרְתֶּ֖ם אוֹתֽ⁠וֹ 1 you will bring trouble on it Doing something that makes bad things to happen to the city is spoken of as bringing trouble on it. Alternate translation: “you will cause bad things to happen to it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 6 19 bz6i אוֹצַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה 1 the treasury of Yahweh a collection of things set apart for the worship of Yahweh
JOS 6 20 fm69 וַ⁠יָּרִ֤יעוּ הָ⁠עָם֙ תְּרוּעָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה 1 the people gave a great shout Alternate translation: “the people of Israel shouted”
JOS 6 20 v2v6 וַֽ⁠יִּתְקְע֖וּ בַּ⁠שֹּֽׁפָר֑וֹת 1 gave blasts with the trumpets Alternate translation: “sounded the trumpets loudly” or “blew into the ram’s horn trumpets”
JOS 6 24 ny39 וְ⁠הָ⁠עִ֛יר שָׂרְפ֥וּ 1 They burned the city The word “they” refers to the Israelite soldiers. It does not refer only to the two young men who brought Rahab and her family out of the city.
JOS 6 25 w9ik figs-metonymy וַ⁠תֵּ֨שֶׁב֙ בְּ⁠קֶ֣רֶב יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 She lives in Israel The word “She” refers to Rahab and represents her descendants. Alternate translation: “Her descendants live in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 6 25 qlj6 עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה 1 to this day “now” or “even today.” Rahab’s descendants are still living in Israel as the original writer writes this story.
JOS 6 26 cq3c figs-metaphor אָר֨וּר הָ⁠אִ֜ישׁ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָקוּם֙ וּ⁠בָנָ֞ה 1 Cursed is the man in Yahweh’s sight who rebuilds Being cursed in Yahweh’s sight represents being cursed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man who rebuilds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 6 26 len7 figs-metaphor בִּ⁠בְכֹר֣⁠וֹ יְיַסְּדֶ֔⁠נָּה 1 At the cost of his firstborn son, he will lay the foundation The consequence of a man laying a new foundation for Jericho is that his firstborn son would die. This is spoken of as if it were a cost that the man would pay. Alternate translation: “If he lays the foundation, he will lose his firstborn son” or “If he lays the foundation, his firstborn son will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 6 26 anp8 figs-metaphor וּ⁠בִ⁠צְעִיר֖⁠וֹ יַצִּ֥יב דְּלָתֶֽי⁠הָ 1 at the cost of his youngest son, he will set up its gates The consequence of a man setting up new gates for Jericho is that his youngest son would die. This is spoken of as if it were a cost that the man would pay. Alternate translation: “If he sets up its gates, he will lose his youngest son” or “If he sets up it gates, his youngest son will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 6 27 brx7 figs-metaphor וַ⁠יְהִ֥י שָׁמְע֖⁠וֹ בְּ⁠כָל־הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ 1 his fame spread throughout the land This refers to Joshua’s fame, not Yahweh’s. Becoming known among the people throughout the land is spoken of as if his fame spread. Alternate translation: “Joshua became famous throughout the land” or “people throughout the land learned about Joshua” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 7 intro uv41 0 # Joshua 7 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin brought defeat<br><br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
JOS 7 1 mtm4 בַּ⁠חֵ֑רֶם 1 the things that were set apart for destruction Alternate translation: “the things that God had said they must set apart to him by destroying them”
JOS 7 1 z3zl translate-names עָכָ֣ן…כַּרְמִי֩…זַבְדִּ֨י…זֶ֜רַח 1 Achan … Karmi … Zabdi … Zerah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 7 1 li2v figs-metaphor וַ⁠יִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה 1 Yahweh’s anger burned “anger” and “burned” indicates intensity, not that fire is present. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s anger burned like a fire” or “Yahweh was very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 7 3 ui7f כָּל־הָ⁠עָם֒ 1 all the people This refers to the army of Israel.
JOS 7 3 z2xr מְעַ֖ט הֵֽמָּה 1 they are few in number The word “they” refers to the people of Ai.
JOS 7 4 i5e8 וַ⁠יַּעֲל֤וּ מִן־הָ⁠עָם֙ שָׁ֔מָּ⁠ה כִּ⁠שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִ֑ישׁ 1 three thousand men went up from the army These men were part of the army. Alternate translation: “three thousand men belonging to the army went up”
JOS 7 4 ak54 translate-numbers כִּ⁠שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִ֑ישׁ 1 three thousand men “3,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 7 5 nyw2 translate-numbers כִּ⁠שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וְ⁠שִׁשָּׁה֙ אִ֔ישׁ 1 thirty-six men “36 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 7 5 zcr5 figs-parallelism וַ⁠יִּמַּ֥ס לְבַב־הָ⁠עָ֖ם וַ⁠יְהִ֥י לְ⁠מָֽיִם 1 The hearts of the people melted and became like water These phrases “melted” and “became like water” share similar meanings and are combined to emphasize that the people were extremely afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 7 5 j2v2 figs-synecdoche וַ⁠יִּמַּ֥ס לְבַב־הָ⁠עָ֖ם 1 The hearts of the people melted Here the people are represented by their “hearts” to emphasize their emotions. Alternate translation: “The people were very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 7 5 h4tc לְבַב־הָ⁠עָ֖ם 1 The hearts of the people The phrase “the people” refers to the Israelite soldiers.
JOS 7 6 ty1c translate-symaction וַ⁠יִּקְרַ֨ע יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ שִׂמְלֹתָ֗י⁠ו וַ⁠יִּפֹּל֩ עַל־פָּנָ֨י⁠ו אַ֜רְצָ⁠ה לִ⁠פְנֵ֨י אֲר֤וֹן יְהוָה֙ 1 tore his garments … put dust on their heads and lay facedown on the ground in front of the ark of Yahweh They did these things to show God how sad and distressed they were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOS 7 7 jb6r figs-ellipsis לָ֠⁠מָה הֵעֲבַ֨רְתָּ הַעֲבִ֜יר אֶת־הָ⁠עָ֤ם הַ⁠זֶּה֙ אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן לָ⁠תֵ֥ת אֹתָ֛⁠נוּ בְּ⁠יַ֥ד הָ⁠אֱמֹרִ֖י לְ⁠הַאֲבִידֵ֑⁠נוּ 1 To give us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us? Joshua was asking if this is the reason God had brought them across the Jordan. Alternate translation: “Did you do it in order to give us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOS 7 7 run5 figs-metonymy בְּ⁠יַ֥ד הָ⁠אֱמֹרִ֖י 1 To give us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us? The hands of the Amorites represents their control and power. Giving the Israelites into their hands to destroy them represents allowing the Amorites to have control of the Israelites and destroy them. Alternate translation: “To allow the Amorites to destroy us? (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 7 7 aq5b וְ⁠לוּ֙ הוֹאַ֣לְנוּ 1 If only we made a different decision The words “If only” show that this is a wish for something that had not happened. Alternate translation: “I wish we had made a different decision”
JOS 7 8 x4pf 0 General Information: Joshua expresses frustration to God.
JOS 7 8 ke9p figs-rquestion בִּ֖י אֲדֹנָ֑⁠י מָ֣ה אֹמַ֔ר אַ֠חֲרֵי אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָפַ֧ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עֹ֖רֶף לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י אֹיְבָֽי⁠ו 1 what can I say, after Israel has turned their backs before their enemies? Joshua said this to show how upset he was that he did not even know what to say. Alternate translation: “I do not know what to say. Israel has turned their backs before their enemies!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 7 8 s4eb figs-metonymy הָפַ֧ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עֹ֖רֶף לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י אֹיְבָֽי⁠ו 1 Israel has turned their backs before their enemies Doing this represents running away from their enemies. Alternate translation: “Israel has run away from their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 7 9 n2kp figs-metonymy וְ⁠נָסַ֣בּוּ עָלֵ֔י⁠נוּ וְ⁠הִכְרִ֥יתוּ אֶת־שְׁמֵ֖⁠נוּ מִן־הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ 1 They will surround us and make the people of the earth forget our name Making people forget the name of the Israelites represents making them forget the Israelites. In this case they would do it by killing the Israelites. Alternate translation: “They will surround us and kill us, and the people of the earth will forget about us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 7 9 r713 figs-metonymy לְ⁠שִׁמְ⁠ךָ֥ הַ⁠גָּדֽוֹל 1 for your great name The phrase “your great name” here represents God’s reputation and power. Alternate translation: “And so what will you do so that people will know that you are great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 7 9 vd3r figs-rquestion וּ⁠מַֽה־תַּעֲשֵׂ֖ה לְ⁠שִׁמְ⁠ךָ֥ הַ⁠גָּדֽוֹל 1 What will you do for your great name? Joshua uses this question to warn God that if the Israelites are destroyed, then the other people will think that God is not great. Alternate translation: “Then there will be nothing you can do for your great name.” or “Then people will not know that you are great.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 7 10 ev1w 0 General Information: Yahweh tells Joshua why Israel is cursed.
JOS 7 10 hqu3 figs-rquestion לָ֑⁠ךְ לָ֣⁠מָּה זֶּ֔ה אַתָּ֖ה נֹפֵ֥ל עַל־פָּנֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Why are you lying there on your face? God used this question to rebuke Joshua for lying there on his face. Alternate translation: “Stop lying there with your face in the dirt!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 7 11 lc29 הַ⁠חֵ֔רֶם 1 the things that were set apart These are the things “marked for destruction” from [Joshua 6:18-19](../06/18.md). Alternate translation: “the cursed things” or “those things which God has cursed”
JOS 7 11 dd18 figs-metaphor גָּֽנְבוּ֙ וְ⁠גַ֣ם כִּֽחֲשׁ֔וּ 1 They have stolen and then also hidden their sin Hiding their sin represents trying to keep others from knowing that they have sinned. Alternate translation: “They have stolen those things, and then they tried to keep people from knowing that they sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 7 12 yzi5 figs-metonymy וְ⁠לֹ֨א יֻכְל֜וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לָ⁠קוּם֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֵי⁠הֶ֔ם 1 cannot stand before their enemies Standing before their enemies represents fighting successfully against their enemies. Alternate translation: “cannot fight successfully against their enemies” or “cannot defeat their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 7 12 xix1 figs-metonymy עֹ֗רֶף יִפְנוּ֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י אֹֽיְבֵי⁠הֶ֔ם 1 They turned their backs from their enemies Doing this represents running away from their enemies. Alternate translation: “They ran away from their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 7 12 fs9m figs-metonymy לֹ֤א אוֹסִיף֙ לִֽ⁠הְי֣וֹת עִמָּ⁠כֶ֔ם 1 I will not be with you any more Being with Israel represents helping Israel. Alternate translation: “I will not help you any more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 7 13 u4s8 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua and tells him what to tell the people.
JOS 7 13 ln4q אֶת־הָ⁠עָ֔ם 1 the people This refers to the people of Israel.
JOS 7 13 j4ki figs-metonymy לֹ֣א תוּכַ֗ל לָ⁠קוּם֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 You cannot stand against your enemies Standing before their enemies represents fighting successfully against them. Alternate translation: “You cannot fight successfully against your enemies” or “You cannot defeat your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 7 14 gjw9 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues telling Joshua what he must tell the people.
JOS 7 14 dp8p figs-idiom וְ⁠נִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם בַּ⁠בֹּ֖קֶר לְ⁠שִׁבְטֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 you must present yourselves by your tribes There were twelve tribes that made up the people of Israel. The phrase “by your tribes” means “each tribe.” Alternate translation: “each of your tribes must present themselves to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 7 14 scj7 figs-idiom הַ⁠שֵּׁבֶט֩ אֲשֶׁר־יִלְכְּדֶ֨⁠נּוּ יְהוָ֜ה יִקְרַ֣ב לַ⁠מִּשְׁפָּח֗וֹת 1 The tribe that Yahweh selects will come near by their clans The tribe was made up of multiple clans. Alternate translation: “From the tribe that Yahweh selects, each clan will come near” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 7 14 crt9 הַ⁠שֵּׁבֶט֩ אֲשֶׁר־יִלְכְּדֶ֨⁠נּוּ יְהוָ֜ה 1 The tribe that Yahweh selects The leaders of Israel would toss lots, and by doing this, they would learn which tribe Yahweh had selected. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The tribe that Yahweh selects by lot” or “The tribe that Yahweh selects when we toss lots”
JOS 7 14 xl85 figs-idiom וְ⁠הַ⁠מִּשְׁפָּחָ֞ה אֲשֶֽׁר־יִלְכְּדֶ֤⁠נָּה יְהוָה֙ תִּקְרַ֣ב לַ⁠בָּתִּ֔ים 1 The clan that Yahweh selects must come near by each household The clan was made up of multiple households. Alternate translation: “From the clan that Yahweh selects, each household must come near” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 7 14 q8me figs-idiom וְ⁠הַ⁠בַּ֨יִת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִלְכְּדֶ֣⁠נּוּ יְהוָ֔ה יִקְרַ֖ב לַ⁠גְּבָרִֽים 1 The household that Yahweh selects must come near one by one The household was made up of multiple people. Alternate translation: “From the household that Yahweh selects, each person must come near” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 7 15 d5nb figs-activepassive הַ⁠נִּלְכָּ֣ד 1 the one who is selected This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “the one whom Yahweh selects” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 7 15 g1vn figs-metaphor עָבַר֙ אֶת־בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה 1 he has broken the covenant of Yahweh Breaking the covenant represents disobeying it. Alternate translation: “he has disobeyed the covenant of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 7 16 fdv2 0 General Information: Joshua follows Yahweh’s command to bring Israel before Yahweh.
JOS 7 16 lzb4 figs-idiom וַ⁠יַּקְרֵ֥ב אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לִ⁠שְׁבָטָ֑י⁠ו 1 brought Israel near, tribe by tribe The phrase “tribe by tribe” means each tribe. Alternate translation: “brought each tribe of Israel near” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 7 16 g7qp figs-activepassive וַ⁠יִּלָּכֵ֖ד שֵׁ֥בֶט יְהוּדָֽה 1 the tribe of Judah was selected If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh selected the tribe of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 7 17 br4y figs-idiom וַ⁠יַּקְרֵ֞ב אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֤חַת הַ⁠זַּרְחִי֙ לַ⁠גְּבָרִ֔ים 1 He brought near the clan of the Zerahites person by person The phrase “person by person” is an idiom meaning each person. The persons in this sentence were the leaders of their households. Alternate translation: “He brought near each person of the clan of the Zerahites” or “From the clan of the Zerahites, he brought near each man who was the leader of his household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 7 17 z419 אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֤חַת הַ⁠זַּרְחִי֙ 1 the clan of the Zerahites The clan was named after the man named Zerah.
JOS 7 17 ha7i translate-names זַבְדִּֽי 1 Zabdi This is a man’s name. Translate as you did in [Joshua 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 7 18 u41u translate-names עָכָ֞ן…כַּרְמִ֧י…זַבְדִּ֛י…זֶ֖רַח 1 Zabdi … Achan … Karmi … Zerah These are men’s names. Translate them as you did in [Joshua 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 7 19 k521 figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠תֶן־ל֣⁠וֹ תוֹדָ֑ה 1 give your confession to him If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **confession, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “confess.” Alternate translation: “confess to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOS 7 19 fv9g figs-metaphor אַל־תְּכַחֵ֖ד מִמֶּֽ⁠נִּי 1 Do not hide it from me Hiding information represents trying to keep someone from knowing it. Alternate translation: “Do not try to prevent me from knowing what you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 7 21 b9nn translate-bweight וּ⁠מָאתַ֧יִם שְׁקָלִ֣ים 1 two hundred shekels This is over two kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
JOS 7 21 y7vj translate-bweight חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים שְׁקָלִים֙ 1 fifty shekels This is over 500 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
JOS 7 21 xw3j figs-activepassive טְמוּנִ֥ים בָּ⁠אָ֛רֶץ 1 They are hidden in the ground If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I hid them in the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 7 23 vh7i וַ⁠יַּצִּקֻ֖⁠ם 1 poured them out Use the word in your language for pouring many small solid things out of a large bag onto the ground.
JOS 7 24 ta3l translate-names עֵ֥מֶק עָכֽוֹר 1 the Valley of Achor The name means “Valley of Trouble,” but it is best to translate Achor the way it sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 7 25 vd6n figs-rquestion מֶ֣ה עֲכַרְתָּ֔⁠נוּ 1 Why have you troubled us? Joshua uses this question to rebuke Achan. Alternate translation: “You have troubled us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 7 25 i3rq וַ⁠יִּשְׂרְפ֤וּ אֹתָ⁠ם֙ בָּ⁠אֵ֔שׁ וַ⁠יִּסְקְל֥וּ אֹתָ֖⁠ם בָּ⁠אֲבָנִֽים 1 Then they stoned the rest with stones and burned them with fire. Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites burned Achan’s family to death and then covered them with stones or 2) the Israelites stoned Achan’s family to death and then burned the dead bodies or 3) that Achan and his possessions were stoned and then burned.
JOS 7 26 zcp9 figs-metaphor וַ⁠יָּ֥שָׁב יְהוָ֖ה מֵ⁠חֲר֣וֹן אַפּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh turned away his burning anger Turning away his anger represents stopping being angry. Burning anger represents strong anger. Alternate translation: “Yahweh stopped being angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 7 26 hfq5 עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 until this present day It was still called the valley of Achor at the time the author wrote this. Alternate translation: “even today” or “even now”
JOS 8 intro f3jc 0 # Joshua 8 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin brought defeat<br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. Because they repented, Yahweh brought victory to Israel in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>### Built an altar<br>Altars were commonly built in the Ancient Near East to commemorate important events. Several altars were built in the Book of Joshua.
JOS 8 1 l4p8 figs-parallelism אַל־תִּירָ֣א וְ⁠אַל־תֵּחָ֔ת 1 Do not fear; do not be discouraged These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that there is no reason to be afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 8 1 den6 figs-metonymy נָתַ֣תִּי בְ⁠יָדְ⁠ךָ֗ אֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ הָ⁠עַי֙ וְ⁠אֶת־עַמּ֔⁠וֹ וְ⁠אֶת־עִיר֖⁠וֹ וְ⁠אֶת־אַרְצֽ⁠וֹ 1 I have given into your hand the king of Ai … and his land Giving them into Israel’s hand represents giving Israel victory and control over them. Alternate translation: “I have given you victory over the king of Ai and his people, and I have given you control over his city and his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 8 1 t7bq figs-pastforfuture נָתַ֣תִּי 1 I have given God speaks of what he promises to do as though he had already done it, because he will certainly do it. Alternate translation: “I will certainly give” or “I am giving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JOS 8 2 h3r6 figs-personification וּ⁠לְ⁠מַלְכָּ֗⁠הּ 1 her king The word “her” refers to the city of Ai. Cities were often spoken of as if they were women. Alternate translation: “its king” or “their king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOS 8 3 k4uk עַ֥ם הַ⁠מִּלְחָמָ֖ה 1 the men of war Alternate translation: “the army of Israel”
JOS 8 7 fw9x figs-metonymy וּ⁠נְתָנָ֛⁠הּ…בְּ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶֽם 1 will give it into your hand Here “hand” symbolizes the control and power the people have over their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 8 8 aj5t 0 General Information: Joshua finishes explaining the battle plan to his soldiers.
JOS 8 9 yt5n וַ⁠יִּשְׁלָחֵ֣⁠ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ 1 Joshua sent them out This phrase refers to Joshua sending the thirty thousand men who had been selected to ambush Ai to where they would set the ambush.
JOS 8 9 i3lf הַ⁠מַּאְרָ֔ב 1 the place of ambush Alternate translation: “where they would hide until it was time to attack”
JOS 8 12 ycd3 translate-numbers כַּ⁠חֲמֵ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִ֑ישׁ 1 five thousand men “5,000 men.” This group seems to be a portion of the “thirty thousand men” ([Joshua 8:9](../08/09.md)). This smaller group remained in the ambush while the other 25,000 men attacked the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 8 13 j7b9 0 General Information: The Israelites prepare to fight the people of Ai.
JOS 8 13 s1lu אֶת־כָּל־הַֽ⁠מַּחֲנֶ֗ה 1 the main army This refers to the largest group of fighting men, those not in the ambush group.
JOS 8 13 nq1b עֲקֵב֖⁠וֹ 1 rear guard those who were “set in ambush on the west side of the city” ([Joshua 8:12](../08/12.md))
JOS 8 15 a83i figs-metonymy וַ⁠יִּנָּֽגְע֛וּ…לִ⁠פְנֵי⁠הֶ֑ם 1 let themselves be defeated before them “let themselves be defeated before the people of Ai.” The phrase “before them” represents what the people of Ai would see and think. The phrase “be defeated” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let the people of Ai think that the Israelites were defeated” or “let the people of Ai think that they had defeated the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 8 15 w933 לִ⁠פְנֵי⁠הֶ֑ם 1 before them the army of Ai
JOS 8 15 bri5 וַ⁠יָּנֻ֖סוּ 1 they fled The army of Israel fled.
JOS 8 16 dr3a וַֽ⁠יִּרְדְּפוּ֙ 1 they went after … they were drawn away These occurrences of “they” refer to the army of Ai.
JOS 8 16 m6sq לִ⁠רְדֹּ֖ף אַחֲרֵי⁠הֶ֑ם 1 to go after them to go after the army of Isreal
JOS 8 16 lcb5 figs-activepassive וַ⁠יִּזָּעֲק֗וּ כָּל־הָ⁠עָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר ב⁠עיר 1 All the people who were in the city were called together If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The city leaders called all the people in the city together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 8 16 k8ff figs-hyperbole כָּל־הָ⁠עָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר ב⁠עיר 1 All the people who were in the city The writer speaks in a general way about all the people, but “all the people” refers only to those who could fight. Alternate translation: “all the people in the city who could help chase the army of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOS 8 17 zip6 וַ⁠יַּעַזְב֤וּ אֶת־הָ⁠עִיר֙ פְּתוּחָ֔ה 1 left it open Alternate translation: “left the city gates open”
JOS 8 18 xe2m figs-metonymy בְ⁠יָדְ⁠ךָ֖ אֶתְּנֶ֑⁠נָּה 1 I will give Ai into your hand Giving Ai into Israel’s hand represents giving Israel victory and control over Ai. Alternate translation: “I will give you victory over Ai” or “I will cause you to capture Ai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 8 24 v2gf figs-parallelism כְּ⁠כַלּ֣וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל לַ⁠הֲרֹג֩ אֶת־כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י…וַֽ⁠יִּפְּל֥וּ כֻלָּ֛⁠ם לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֖רֶב 1 when Israel had finished killing all the inhabitants … when all of them … had fallen by the edge of the sword The writer uses both of these sentences, which mean almost the same thing, to strongly say that the Israelites had obeyed God’s command to kill everyone in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 8 24 dd98 figs-euphemism וַֽ⁠יִּפְּל֥וּ כֻלָּ֛⁠ם לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֖רֶב 1 had fallen by the edge of the sword Here “fallen” is a euphemism for dying. Also, “the edge of the sword” represents whole swords, and swords represent either battle or the army of Israel. Alternate translation: “had died in battle” or “had died when the army of Israel attacked them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 8 25 d2ud translate-numbers שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר אָ֑לֶף 1 twelve thousand “12,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 8 28 uiv3 שְׁמָמָ֔ה 1 an abandoned place It is a place where people once lived, but now, no one lives there.
JOS 8 29 wd9u עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 to this day Alternate translation: “today” or “even now”
JOS 8 30 xev4 translate-names בְּ⁠הַ֖ר עֵיבָֽל 1 Mount Ebal a mountain in Canaan (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 8 35 ym6u figs-doublenegatives לֹֽא־הָיָ֣ה דָבָ֔ר מִ⁠כֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה מֹשֶׁ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־קָרָ֜א יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ 1 There was not one word from all that Moses commanded that Joshua did not read This can be expressed positively. Alternate translation: “Joshua read every word of all that Moses commanded” or “Joshua read the entire law of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JOS 8 35 kdu7 figs-metonymy יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ 1 Israel This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 9 intro w1cx 0 # Joshua 9 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel’s mistake<br><br>Israel was deceived because “they did not consult with Yahweh for guidance.” Instead of consulting Yahweh, they attempted to achieve victory under their own power. This was sinful. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
JOS 9 1 g4h4 translate-names הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֜ן 1 the Jordan a shortened name for the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 9 2 uj94 figs-metonymy פֶּ֖ה אֶחָֽד 1 under one command Here “command” represents the one who commanded them. Being under him represents obeying his commands. Alternate translation: “obeying the commands of one leader” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 9 4 r5yb בְּ⁠עָרְמָ֔ה 1 cunning plan a crafty scheme intended to trick Joshua and the Israelites
JOS 9 5 q9v6 יָבֵ֖שׁ הָיָ֥ה נִקֻּדִֽים 1 dry and moldy Alternate translation: “dry and filled with fungus” or “stale and ruined”
JOS 9 6 rz8e figs-synecdoche אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 1 men of Israel This refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 9 7 w599 translate-names הַ⁠חִוִּ֑י 1 the Hivites This is another name for the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 9 7 t1r4 figs-rquestion אוּלַ֗י בְּ⁠קִרְבִּ⁠י֙ אַתָּ֣ה יוֹשֵׁ֔ב וְ⁠אֵ֖יךְ אֶֽכְרָת־לְ⁠ךָ֥ בְרִֽית 1 Perhaps you live near us. How can we make a covenant with you? Joshua is emphasizing that the people of Israel have to follow the command of Yahweh above all else. Alternate translation: “If you do live near us, we cannot make a covenant with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 9 10 kam4 translate-names לְ⁠סִיחוֹן֙ 1 Sihon This is the name of the defeated Amorite king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 9 10 s17h translate-names חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן 1 Heshbon This is the name of the royal city of the nation of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 9 10 pz6y translate-names וּ⁠לְ⁠ע֥וֹג 1 Og This is the name of the defeated king of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 9 10 p9ed translate-names בְּ⁠עַשְׁתָּרֽוֹת 1 Ashtaroth This is the name of a city known for worshiping the goddess of the same name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 9 11 hq3m figs-synecdoche בְ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶ֤ם 1 in your hand This phrase means “take with you.” Here the word “hand” represents the possession by the Gibeonites of the provisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 9 11 k7fe לִ⁠קְרָאתָ֑⁠ם וַ⁠אֲמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֲלֵי⁠הֶם֙ 1 meet them and say to them The word “them” refers to the people of Israel.
JOS 9 15 f67z figs-parallelism וַ⁠יַּ֨עַשׂ לָ⁠הֶ֤ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ֙ שָׁל֔וֹם וַ⁠יִּכְרֹ֥ת לָ⁠הֶ֛ם בְּרִ֖ית לְ⁠חַיּוֹתָ֑⁠ם וַ⁠יִּשָּׁבְע֣וּ לָ⁠הֶ֔ם נְשִׂיאֵ֖י הָ⁠עֵדָֽה 1 Joshua made peace with them and made a covenant with them, to let them live. The leaders of the people also made a vow to them. These two sentences are saying that the same thing occurred. Joshua, the leader of the nation of Israel, promised not to kill the Gibeonites. The leaders of the nation of Israel, likewise, made the same covenant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 9 15 je8p figs-metonymy הָ⁠עֵדָֽה 1 the people Here this refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 9 17 s1u5 translate-numbers בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֑י 1 third day This refers to number three in order. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 9 17 q18q translate-names וְ⁠הַ⁠כְּפִירָ֔ה 1 Kephirah This is one of the cities of the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 9 17 j671 translate-names וּ⁠בְאֵר֖וֹת 1 Beeroth This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 9 17 alr9 translate-names וְ⁠קִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִֽים 1 Kiriath Jearim This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 9 19 a168 הָ֣⁠עֵדָ֔ה 1 the people Here this phrase refers to the nation of Israel.
JOS 9 21 wg7n וַ֠⁠יִּֽהְיוּ חֹטְבֵ֨י עֵצִ֤ים וְ⁠שֹֽׁאֲבֵי־מַ֨יִם֙ 1 the Gibeonites became cutters of wood and drawers of water Alternate translation: “the Gibeonites became woodcutters and water carriers”
JOS 9 23 zlp7 figs-metonymy לְ⁠בֵ֥ית אֱלֹהָֽ⁠י 1 house of my God Here this phrase refers to the dwelling place of Yahweh, the Tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 9 25 a5un figs-doublet כַּ⁠טּ֨וֹב וְ⁠כַ⁠יָּשָׁ֧ר 1 Whatever seems good and right The words “good” and “right” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Whatever seems fair and just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOS 9 26 gy9c לָ⁠הֶ֖ם 1 for them The word “them” here refers to the Gibeonites.
JOS 9 27 p81s עַד־הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה 1 to this day “even up to now.” This means that the people had continued to do these things even up to the day that the writer was living.
JOS 10 intro uy1f 0 # Joshua 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 10:12-13 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are a poem.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “For Yahweh was waging war on behalf of Israel”<br>Israel’s conquest of the Promised Land was Yahweh’s war on the ungodly Canaanites more than Israel’s war. This type of war was different from other wars and God gave Israel special instructions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br><br>The people of Gibeon used an idiom when they called for help from Israel: “Do not withdraw your hands,” meaning “do not stop protecting.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 10 1 au8p וַ⁠יְהִי֩ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer tells about a new person in the story, Adoni-Zedek.
JOS 10 1 y65k translate-names אֲדֹֽנִי־צֶ֜דֶק 1 Adoni-Zedek This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 3 y6ss translate-names יַרְמ֜וּת…לָכִ֛ישׁ…עֶגְל֖וֹן 1 Jarmuth … Lachish … Eglon These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 3 k9rg translate-names הוֹהָ֣ם…פִּרְאָ֨ם…יָפִ֧יעַ…דְּבִ֥יר 1 Hoham … Piram … Japhia … Debir These are the names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 4 ct5k עֲלֽוּ־אֵלַ֣⁠י 1 Come up to me “Travel to where I am.” Jerusalem was higher in elevation than other cities in Canaan.
JOS 10 5 d9vy translate-numbers חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת׀ מַלְכֵ֣י 1 five kings “5 kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 10 5 m422 translate-names יַרְמוּת֙…לָכִ֣ישׁ…עֶגְל֔וֹן 1 Jarmuth … Lachish … Eglon These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 5 vs78 וַֽ⁠יַּחֲנוּ֙ עַל 1 They set up their positions against Gibeon This means they set up their camp around their city. This was a way of weakening those in the city. It prevented people from escaping the city, and it prevented others from bringing food and water to them in the city.
JOS 10 6 wk68 לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר 1 They said The word “They” here refers to Gibeonites.
JOS 10 6 zhx9 figs-litotes אַל־תֶּ֥רֶף יָדֶ֖י⁠ךָ מֵֽ⁠עֲבָדֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 Do not withdraw your hands from your servants This humble request is stated with two negatives to emphasize the need for a positive action. Alternate translation: “Please come and use your strength to protect us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOS 10 6 am1x figs-metonymy יָדֶ֖י⁠ךָ 1 your hands The word “hands” here refers to the people of Israel’s strength. Alternate translation: “your strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 10 8 c4uw figs-metonymy בְ⁠יָדְ⁠ךָ֖ נְתַתִּ֑י⁠ם 1 I have given them into your hand Here “hand” represents the people of Israel’s strength and their ability to defeat their enemy. The word “them” refers to the attacking army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 10 8 du96 נְתַתִּ֑י⁠ם 1 I have given them Here the word “them” refers to the attacking armies.
JOS 10 9 ecq8 figs-synecdoche וַ⁠יָּבֹ֧א אֲלֵי⁠הֶ֛ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ 1 Joshua came The entire army of Israel is referred to here by the name of their commander, Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 10 10 sq89 וַ⁠יְהֻמֵּ֤⁠ם יְהוָה֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 Yahweh confused the enemy before Israel Here “Israel” refers to the entire army of Israel.
JOS 10 10 yr7y translate-names בֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן…עֲזֵקָ֖ה…מַקֵּדָֽה 1 Beth Horon … Azekah … Makkedah These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 11 fbf9 translate-names בֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙…עֲזֵקָ֖ה 1 Beth Horon … Azekah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 11 tuc9 הִשְׁלִ֣יךְ עֲלֵי⁠הֶם֩ אֲבָנִ֨ים גְּדֹל֧וֹת מִן־הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֛יִם 1 threw large stones down from heaven Alternate translation: “threw large hailstones from the sky”
JOS 10 12 si1e figs-parallelism שֶׁ֚מֶשׁ בְּ⁠גִבְע֣וֹן דּ֔וֹם וְ⁠יָרֵ֖חַ בְּ⁠עֵ֥מֶק אַיָּלֽוֹן 1 Sun, be still at Gibeon, and moon, in the Valley of Aijalon Joshua is praying that Yahweh would make the progression of time stop on this day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 10 12 j9zt figs-personification שֶׁ֚מֶשׁ…וְ⁠יָרֵ֖חַ 1 Sun … moon Joshua commands the sun and moon as if these were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOS 10 12 ug8m translate-names בְּ⁠עֵ֥מֶק אַיָּלֽוֹן 1 Valley of Aijalon This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 13 dq14 figs-metonymy גּוֹי֙ 1 the nation This refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 10 13 b91l figs-rquestion הֲ⁠לֹא־הִ֥יא כְתוּבָ֖ה עַל־סֵ֣פֶר הַ⁠יָּשָׁ֑ר 1 Is this not written in the Book of Jashar? The writer uses this question as background information to remind the reader that the incident is well-documented. Alternate translation: “This is written in The Book of Jashar.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JOS 10 16 wcb9 translate-names בְּ⁠מַקֵּדָֽה 1 Makkedah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 17 mns8 figs-activepassive וַ⁠יֻּגַּ֖ד לִ⁠יהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ 1 It was told to Joshua Messengers came and told Joshua. Alternate translation: “Someone told Joshua” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 10 19 l8tl figs-metonymy בְּ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶֽם 1 into your hand The phrase “your hand” here means “your control.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 10 21 kb3w translate-names מַקֵּדָ֖ה 1 Makkedah Translate the same way as you did in [Joshua 10:10](../10/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 21 py6w לֹֽא־חָרַ֞ץ לִ⁠בְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל לְ⁠אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־לְשֹׁנֽ⁠וֹ 1 No one dared to say one word against Alternate translation: “No one dared to say anything against” or “No one dared to complain or protest against”
JOS 10 22 zs9n figs-idiom פִּתְח֖וּ אֶת־פִּ֣י הַ⁠מְּעָרָ֑ה 1 Open the mouth of the cave Here “mouth” is an idiom that means “entrance.” Alternate translation: “Open the entrance of the cave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 10 23 g4te translate-names יַרְמ֔וּת…לָכִ֖ישׁ…עֶגְלֽוֹן 1 Jarmuth … Lachish … Eglon These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 24 dnc1 figs-synecdoche כָּל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 1 every man of Israel Here the men of Israel represent only those who were soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 10 27 e9z9 עַד־עֶ֖צֶם הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 to this very day Alternate translation: “until the author wrote this story”
JOS 10 28 e1nc translate-names מַקֵּדָ֔ה 1 Makkedah This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [Joshua 10:10](../10/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 28 nhk6 figs-parallelism הֶחֱרִ֣ם אוֹתָ֗⁠ם וְ⁠אֶת־כָּל־הַ⁠נֶּ֨פֶשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔⁠הּ לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׂרִ֑יד 1 He completely destroyed everyone in it. He left no survivor in it The second sentence summarizes the first sentence to emphasize that Joshua left no person or animal alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 10 29 k439 translate-names לִבְנָ֑ה 1 Libnah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 31 dsk6 translate-names מִ⁠לִּבְנָ֖ה לָכִ֑ישָׁ⁠ה 1 Libnah … Lachish These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 32 yw79 figs-metonymy בְּ⁠יַ֣ד יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 1 into the hand of Israel Here their “hand” represents their control. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave Lachish into the control of the nation of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 10 33 rff2 translate-names הֹרָם֙ 1 Horam This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 33 lp2c translate-names גֶּ֔זֶר…אֶת־לָכִ֑ישׁ 1 Gezer … Lachish These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 34 y3g9 translate-names מִ⁠לָּכִ֖ישׁ עֶגְלֹ֑נָ⁠ה 1 Lachish … Eglon These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 35 dqi7 figs-doublet וַ⁠יַּכּ֣וּ⁠הָ לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֔רֶב וְ⁠אֵת֙ כָּל־הַ⁠נֶּ֣פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־…הַ⁠ה֖וּא הֶחֱרִ֑ים 1 struck it with the edge of the sword … completely destroyed everyone in it These two phrases have similar meanings. Together they show the completeness of the destruction of Eglon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOS 10 36 a6ng translate-names מֵ⁠עֶגְל֖וֹנָ⁠ה 1 Eglon This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 37 gba2 figs-metonymy וַ⁠יִּלְכְּד֣וּ⁠הָ וַ⁠יַּכּֽוּ⁠הָ־לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֠רֶב 1 They captured it and struck it with the edge of the sword The sword represents the army of Israel and striking expresses the idea of slaughter and destruction. Alternate translation: “They captured and killed and destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 10 38 mr8b translate-names דְּבִ֑רָ⁠ה 1 Debir This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 39 g2ta translate-names לִ⁠דְבִ֨רָ⁠ה֙…לְ⁠לִבְנָ֖ה 1 Debir … Libnah These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 39 m8bf figs-metonymy וַ⁠יַּכּ֣וּ⁠ם לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֔רֶב 1 They struck them with the edge of the sword The sword represents the army of Israel and striking expresses the idea of slaughter and destruction. Alternate translation: “They killed and destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 10 40 u843 figs-parallelism וְ⁠אֵת֙ כָּל־מַלְכֵי⁠הֶ֔ם לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׂרִ֑יד וְ⁠אֵ֤ת כָּל־הַ⁠נְּשָׁמָה֙ הֶחֱרִ֔ים 1 Of all their kings he left not one survivor. He completely destroyed every living thing These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize the complete destruction that the people of Israel accomplished at Yahweh’s command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 10 42 qy8i כָּל־הַ⁠מְּלָכִ֤ים הָ⁠אֵ֨לֶּה֙ וְ⁠אֶת־אַרְצָ֔⁠ם לָכַ֥ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ 1 Joshua captured all these kings and their land This refers to the kings and lands that were listed beginning in [Joshua 10:28](../10/28.md).
JOS 10 42 rbp2 figs-synecdoche לָכַ֥ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ 1 Joshua captured Here Joshua represents his whole army. Alternate translation: “Joshua and his soldiers captured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 10 42 f9tx פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת 1 at one time This does not mean in one day. It means during one military campaign, which may have lasted many days or weeks.
JOS 11 intro g8mw 0 # Joshua 11 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh overcomes the united forces of the northern kingdoms<br><br>Yahweh said to Joshua, “Do not be afraid in their presence, because tomorrow at this time I am giving them all to Israel as dead men.” Even when the kingdoms of Canaan joined forces, they were not able to overcome the power of Yahweh.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>### “Yahweh gave the enemy into the hand of Israel”<br>This phrase may present difficulties in translation. The translator should ensure that Yahweh receives credit for Israel’s victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 11 1 a1ca translate-names יָבִ֣ין…יוֹבָב֙ 1 Jabin … Jobab These are names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 1 zi5u translate-names חָצ֑וֹר…מָד֔וֹן…שִׁמְר֖וֹן…אַכְשָֽׁף 1 Hazor … Madon … Shimron … Akshaph These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 2 gz61 translate-names כִּֽנֲר֖וֹת…וּ⁠בְ⁠נָפ֥וֹת דּ֖וֹר 1 Kinnereth … Naphoth Dor These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 3 rds6 translate-names חֶרְמ֔וֹן 1 Mount Hermon This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 4 d9fb 0 General Information: All the Canaanite kings attack Joshua and the nation of Israel.
JOS 11 4 e5l4 figs-hyperbole וְ⁠כָל־מַֽחֲנֵי⁠הֶם֙ עִמָּ֔⁠ם עַם־רָ֕ב כַּ⁠ח֛וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־שְׂפַת־הַ⁠יָּ֖ם לָ⁠רֹ֑ב 1 a great number of soldiers, in number like the sand on the seashore No one can count the grains of sand on the seashore. This exaggeration emphasizes the very large number of soldiers that these kings assembled. Alternate translation: “such a great number of soldiers that there appeared to be as many of them as there are grains of sand on the seashore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOS 11 5 kc2e translate-names מֵר֔וֹם 1 Merom This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 6 n348 figs-metaphor אָנֹכִ֞י נֹתֵ֧ן אֶת־כֻּלָּ֛⁠ם חֲלָלִ֖ים לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 I am giving them all to Israel as dead men Yahweh enabling Israel to conquer the enemy army and kill all of the soldiers is spoken of as if Yahweh killed the soldiers and then gave them to Israel. Alternate translation: “I will enable Israel to kill all of them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 11 6 lgk2 אֶת־סוּסֵי⁠הֶ֣ם תְּעַקֵּ֔ר 1 hamstring their horses “cripple their horses by cutting their legs.” This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot walk.
JOS 11 7 sm9k translate-names מֵר֖וֹם 1 Merom This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 8 cw9y figs-metaphor וַ⁠יִּתְּנֵ֨⁠ם יְהוָ֥ה בְּ⁠יַֽד־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ 1 Yahweh gave the enemy into the hand of Israel Here the word “hand” represents power. Yahweh enabling the army of Israel to conquer their enemy is spoken of as if Yahweh had put the enemy army into Israel’s hand. Alternate translation: “Yahweh enabled Israel to conquer the enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 11 8 n4ub וַ⁠יַּכּוּ⁠ם֒…וַ⁠יַּכֻּ֕⁠ם 1 struck them … struck them Alternate translation: “attacked them … attacked them”
JOS 11 8 m9b1 translate-names מִשְׂרְפ֣וֹת מַ֔יִם 1 Misrephoth Maim This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 9 q7dn עִקֵּ֔ר 1 hamstrung This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot run. See how you translated this word in [Joshua 11:6](../11/06.md).
JOS 11 10 pbp8 מַלְכָּ֖⁠הּ הִכָּ֣ה בֶ⁠חָ֑רֶב 1 He struck its king with the sword Alternate translation: “Joshua killed the king of Hazor with his sword”
JOS 11 10 cjd1 figs-metaphor חָצ֣וֹר לְ⁠פָנִ֔ים הִ֕יא רֹ֖אשׁ כָּל־הַ⁠מַּמְלָכ֥וֹת הָ⁠אֵֽלֶּה 1 Hazor had been head of all these kingdoms Hazor being the most important city is spoken of as Hazor being the head of the other kingdoms. Alternate translation: Hazor had been the most important of all these kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 11 be72 figs-parallelism וַ֠⁠יַּכּוּ אֶת־כָּל־הַ⁠נֶּ֨פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֤⁠הּ לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֨רֶב֙ הַֽחֲרֵ֔ם לֹ֥א נוֹתַ֖ר כָּל־נְשָׁמָ֑ה 1 They struck with the sword every living creature that was there … so there was not any living creature left alive These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 11 11 z2md figs-synecdoche הַֽחֲרֵ֔ם 1 he set them apart to be destroyed The word “he” refers to Joshua and represents himself and his army. Completely destroying every living thing in the city is spoken of as if those living things were dedicated for destruction. Alternate translation: “the army completely destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 11 12 i5tz וַ⁠יַּכֵּ֥⁠ם לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֖רֶב 1 struck them with the edge of the sword Alternate translation: “killed them”
JOS 11 13 f8kv הֶ⁠עָרִ֗ים הָ⁠עֹֽמְדוֹת֙ עַל־תִּלָּ֔⁠ם 1 cities built on mounds Alternate translation: “cities built on small hills”
JOS 11 14 grk1 figs-rpronouns לָ⁠הֶ֖ם 1 for themselves This phrase refers to the army of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JOS 11 14 n215 figs-parallelism אֶֽת־כָּל־הָ⁠אָדָ֞ם הִכּ֣וּ לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֗רֶב עַד־הִשְׁמִדָ⁠ם֙ אוֹתָ֔⁠ם לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖ירוּ כָּל־נְשָׁמָֽה 1 They killed every human being with the edge of the sword until all were dead. They left alive no creature that breathed. These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 11 15 ta4x figs-litotes לֹֽא־הֵסִ֣יר דָּבָ֔ר מִ⁠כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה 1 He left nothing undone of all that Yahweh commanded Moses to do This negative phrase emphasizes that Joshua did everything that Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “Joshua did everything that Yahweh commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOS 11 17 yr6b translate-names הָ⁠הָ֤ר הֶֽ⁠חָלָק֙…בַּ֤עַל גָּד֙ 1 Mount Halak … Baal Gad These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 20 pq7v figs-metaphor מֵ⁠אֵ֣ת יְהוָ֣ה׀ הָיְתָ֡ה לְ⁠חַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבָּ⁠ם֩ 1 it was Yahweh who hardened their hearts Yahweh causing the people of the cities to be stubborn is spoken of as if Yahweh had hardened their hearts. Alternate translation: “it was Yahweh who caused them to act stubbornly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 11 21 im1q translate-names אֶת־הָֽ⁠עֲנָקִים֙ 1 Anakim These are the descendants of Anak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 21 p6cd translate-names דְּבִ֣ר…עֲנָ֔ב 1 Debir … Anab These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 23 qe5v figs-metaphor וַ⁠יִּתְּנָ⁠הּ֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ לְ⁠נַחֲלָ֧ה לְ⁠יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל 1 Joshua gave it as an inheritance to Israel Joshua giving the land to the Israelites is spoken of as if he had given the Israelites an inheritance as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “Joshua gave the land to the Israelites as a permanent possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 11 23 x695 figs-personification וְ⁠הָ⁠אָ֥רֶץ שָׁקְטָ֖ה מִ⁠מִּלְחָמָֽה 1 the land had rest from the wars The people no longer fighting wars is spoken of as if the land were a person who rested from war. Alternate translation: “the people no longer fought wars in the land” or “there was peace in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 12 intro ga6k 0 # Joshua 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 12:2-5 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are part of a long list.
JOS 12 1 e45x writing-background וְ⁠אֵ֣לֶּה 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer begins to provide background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JOS 12 1 fe2c וְ⁠אֵ֣לֶּה׀ מַלְכֵ֣י 1 these are the kings This refers to the list of kings that continues through verse 24.
JOS 12 1 g8ju translate-names הָ⁠עֲרָבָ֖ה 1 the Arabah These are the names of a region of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 2 uv1m translate-names מֵ⁠עֲרוֹעֵ֡ר 1 Aroer This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 2 ts6s סִיחוֹן֙…בְּ⁠חֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן 1 Sihon … Heshbon See how you translated these words in [Joshua 9:10](../09/10.md).
JOS 12 3 dh7d יָ֨ם כִּנְר֜וֹת 1 Sea of Kinnereth This is a place. See how you translated this in [Joshua 11:2](../11/02.md).
JOS 12 3 gc3x translate-names בֵּ֣ית הַיְשִׁמ֑וֹת…הַ⁠פִּסְגָּֽה 1 Beth Jeshimoth … Mount Pisgah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 4 zb6d ע֚וֹג מֶ֣לֶךְ הַ⁠בָּשָׁ֔ן 1 Og, king of Bashan See how you translated this man’s name in [Joshua 9:10](../09/10.md).
JOS 12 4 m4ct translate-names הָ⁠רְפָאִ֑ים 1 the Rephaim These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 4 t7hy translate-names בְּ⁠עַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת וּ⁠בְ⁠אֶדְרֶֽעִי 1 Ashtaroth … Edrei These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 5 vu4f translate-names וּ⁠בְ⁠סַלְכָה֙ 1 Salekah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 5 sbq3 translate-names וְ⁠הַ⁠מַּעֲכָתִ֑י 1 Maacathites This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 6 bsj6 לָ⁠רֻֽאוּבֵנִי֙ 1 Reubenites These are the descendants of Reuben.
JOS 12 6 p8zt וְ⁠לַ⁠גָּדִ֔י 1 Gadites These are the descendants of Gad.
JOS 12 6 zk48 וְ⁠לַ⁠חֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֥בֶט הַֽ⁠מְנַשֶּֽׁה 1 half tribe of Manasseh They are called a half tribe because the other half of the tribe received an inheritance in the land of Canaan.
JOS 12 7 nie7 translate-names מִ⁠בַּ֤עַל גָּד֙…הָ⁠הָ֥ר הֶ⁠חָלָ֖ק 1 Baal Gad … Mount Halak These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 8 z37z translate-names וּ⁠בָֽ⁠עֲרָבָה֙ 1 the Arabah This is the name of a region of land. Translate as in [Joshua 12:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 10 ps2m translate-names חֶבְר֖וֹן 1 Enaim This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 11 aj97 translate-names יַרְמוּת֙…לָכִ֖ישׁ 1 Jarmuth … Lachish These are the names of cities. Translate in the same way you did in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 12 bgl2 translate-names עֶגְלוֹן֙…גֶּ֖זֶר 1 Eglon … Gezer These are the names of cities. Translate “Eglon” in the same way you did in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 13 mgg8 translate-names דְּבִר֙…גֶּ֖דֶר 1 Debir … Geder These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 14 e9ba translate-names חָרְמָה֙…עֲרָ֖ד 1 Hormah … Arad These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 15 nec9 translate-names לִבְנָה֙…עֲדֻלָּ֖ם 1 Libnah … Adullam These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 16 se49 translate-names מַקֵּדָה֙ 1 Makkedah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 17 g346 translate-names תַּפּ֨וּחַ֙…חֵ֖פֶר 1 Tappuah … Hepher These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 18 m8vl translate-names אֲפֵק֙…לַ⁠שָּׁר֖וֹן 1 Aphek … Lasharon These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 19 ga17 translate-names מָדוֹן֙…חָצ֖וֹר 1 Madon … Hazor These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 20 cq4i translate-names שִׁמְר֤וֹן מְראוֹן֙…אַכְשָׁ֖ף 1 Shimron Meron … Akshaph These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 21 pv5n translate-names תַּעְנַךְ֙…מְגִדּ֖וֹ 1 Taanach … Megiddo These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 22 z2b9 translate-names קֶ֨דֶשׁ֙…יָקְנֳעָ֥ם 1 Kedesh … Jokneam These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 23 a6eq translate-names דּ֛וֹר לְ⁠נָפַ֥ת דּ֖וֹר…גּוֹיִ֥ם 1 Dor … Naphoth Dor … Goyim These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 24 kv8w translate-names תִּרְצָ֖ה 1 Tirzah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 24 aeg5 translate-numbers כָּל־מְלָכִ֖ים שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וְ⁠אֶחָֽד 1 thirty-one in all “31 in all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 13 intro zl7s 0 # Joshua 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section about dividing the land between the tribes of Israel.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Division of the land<br><br>There was still much land to be captured west of the Jordan River, but the tribe of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Mannasah received their land east of the Jordan. This land had been promised to them in Numbers 32.<br><br>### Driving out the people<br><br>While Yahweh achieved many great victories through Joshua, Israel was still supposed to drive out the rest of the Canaanites. Israel’s success in this would depend on their faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
JOS 13 2 s51z figs-explicit זֹ֥את הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ הַ⁠נִּשְׁאָ֑רֶת 1 This is the land that still remains You may clarify that this is the land that Israel still needs to capture. Alternate translation: “This is the land that still remains for Israel to capture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 13 3 q1nv translate-names הַ⁠שִּׁיח֞וֹר 1 Shihor This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 3 a3iw figs-activepassive לַֽ⁠כְּנַעֲנִ֖י תֵּחָשֵׁ֑ב 1 which is considered property of the Canaanites If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which the Canaanites now consider their property” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 13 3 jnl3 translate-names וְ⁠הָ⁠עַוִּֽים 1 Avvites This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 4 b13s translate-names וּ⁠מְעָרָ֛ה…אֲפֵ֑קָ⁠ה 1 Arah … Aphek These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 5 bj71 translate-names מִ⁠בַּ֣עַל גָּ֔ד…הַר־חֶרְמ֑וֹן 1 Baal Gad … Mount Hermon These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 5 jd8r translate-names הַ⁠גִּבְלִ֗י 1 Gebalites This is the name of a people group who lived in Geba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 6 b7pk translate-names מִשְׂרְפֹ֥ת מַ֨יִם֙ 1 Misrephoth Maim this is the name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 6 si8i figs-metaphor לְ⁠יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּֽ⁠נַחֲלָ֔ה 1 land … as an inheritance The land that Israel will claim is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they will receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 13 9 gfc4 translate-names מֵ⁠עֲרוֹעֵ֡ר…מֵידְבָ֖א…דִּיבֽוֹן 1 Aroer … Medeba … Dibon These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 9 lk8d הַ⁠נַּ֛חַל 1 gorge a place where the river is far below the land on the sides
JOS 13 9 t2an הַ⁠מִּישֹׁ֥ר 1 plateau flat land high above rivers
JOS 13 10 zm4w translate-names בְּ⁠חֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן 1 Heshbon This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 11 whz4 translate-names סַלְכָֽה 1 Salekah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 11 kc79 וּ⁠גְב֧וּל הַ⁠גְּשׁוּרִ֣י וְ⁠הַ⁠מַּעֲכָתִ֗י 1 the region of the Geshurites and Maacathites Alternate translation: “the land where the Geshurites and Maacathites lived”
JOS 13 11 l98j translate-names וְ⁠הַ⁠מַּעֲכָתִ֗י 1 Maacathites These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 12 hw24 translate-names בְּ⁠עַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת וּ⁠בְ⁠אֶדְרֶ֑עִי 1 Ashtaroth … Edrei These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 12 u2dn translate-names הָ⁠רְפָאִ֔ים 1 Rephaim This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 12 l1cu figs-synecdoche וַ⁠יַּכֵּ֥⁠ם מֹשֶׁ֖ה 1 Moses struck them Here “Moses” represents himself and the Israelite army that Moses led. Alternate translation: “Moses and the Israelites attacked them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 13 13 zb9l translate-names אֶת־הַ⁠גְּשׁוּרִ֖י וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠מַּעֲכָתִ֑י 1 the Geshurites or the Maacathites These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 13 hu1n figs-explicit גְּשׁ֤וּר וּ⁠מַֽעֲכָת֙ בְּ⁠קֶ֣רֶב יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 Geshur and Maacath live among Israel “Geshur” and “Maacath” are either the names of the ancestors of “the Geshurites” and “the Maacathites” or are the names of the cities in which they lived. Alternate translation: “those people live among Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 13 13 xw7d עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 to this day This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
JOS 13 14 zs6y figs-metaphor לֹ֥א נָתַ֖ן נַחֲלָ֑ה 1 Moses gave no inheritance The land that Moses assigned to the tribes of Israel is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 13 14 v9zc figs-metaphor אִשֵּׁ֨י יְהוָ֜ה…ה֣וּא נַחֲלָת֔⁠וֹ 1 The offerings of Yahweh … are their inheritance The writer speaks of the great honor that the Levites had by serving Yahweh as priests as if the offerings were something that they would inherit. Alternate translation: “The offerings of Yahweh … are what they will have for their provision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 13 14 br61 אִשֵּׁ֨י יְהוָ֜ה 1 offerings of Yahweh Alternate translation: “offerings that the people were to bring to Yahweh”
JOS 13 14 lz8a figs-activepassive אִשֵּׁ֨י 1 made by fire If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the priests burned with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 13 16 f1uv translate-names מֵ⁠עֲרוֹעֵ֡ר…מֵידְבָֽא 1 Aroer … Medeba These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 16 s5yv נַ֨חַל…הַ⁠מִּישֹׁ֖ר 1 gorge … plateau See how you translated these words in [Joshua 13:9](../13/09.md).
JOS 13 17 y6iu translate-names חֶשְׁבּ֥וֹן…דִּיבוֹן֙ וּ⁠בָמ֣וֹת בַּ֔עַל וּ⁠בֵ֖ית בַּ֥עַל מְעֽוֹן 1 Heshbon … Dibon … Bamoth Baal … Beth Baal Meon These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 18 i4fe translate-names וְ⁠יַ֥הְצָ⁠ה וּ⁠קְדֵמֹ֖ת וּ⁠מֵפָֽעַת 1 Jahaz … Kedemoth … Mephaath These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 19 f1h3 translate-names וְ⁠קִרְיָתַ֣יִם וְ⁠שִׂבְמָ֔ה וְ⁠צֶ֥רֶת הַשַּׁ֖חַר 1 Kiriathaim … Sibmah … Zereth Shahar These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 20 is7v translate-names וּ⁠בֵ֥ית פְּע֛וֹר…הַ⁠פִּסְגָּ֖ה וּ⁠בֵ֥ית הַיְשִׁמֽוֹת 1 Beth Peor … Pisgah … Beth Jeshimoth These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 21 uld7 translate-names בְּ⁠חֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן 1 Heshbon This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 21 j6hq translate-names סִיחוֹן֙…אֶת־אֱוִ֤י וְ⁠אֶת־רֶ֨קֶם֙ וְ⁠אֶת־צ֤וּר וְ⁠אֶת־חוּר֙ וְ⁠אֶת־רֶ֔בַע 1 Sihon … Evi … Rekem … Zur … Hur … Reba These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 21 x56e אֹת֣⁠וֹ׀ וְ⁠אֶת־נְשִׂיאֵ֣י מִדְיָ֗ן 1 together with the leaders of Midian Alternate translation: “as he had defeated the leaders of Midian”
JOS 13 23 gc1r וּ⁠גְב֑וּל זֹ֣את 1 this is their boundary The Jordan River was the western border of the land that the tribe of Reuben received.
JOS 13 23 x56m figs-metaphor וּ⁠גְב֑וּל זֹ֣את נַחֲלַ֤ת בְּנֵֽי־רְאוּבֵן֙ 1 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Reuben The land that Moses assigned to the tribe of Reuben is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribe of Reuben received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 13 23 ud8m figs-activepassive לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔⁠ם 1 given to each of their clans If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that Moses gave to each of their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 13 25 fmp2 translate-names יַעְזֵר֙…עֲרוֹעֵ֕ר…רַבָּֽה 1 Jazer … Aroer … Rabbah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 26 mr54 translate-names וּ⁠מֵ⁠חֶשְׁבּ֛וֹן…רָמַ֥ת הַ⁠מִּצְפֶּ֖ה וּ⁠בְטֹנִ֑ים וּ⁠מִֽ⁠מַּחֲנַ֖יִם…לִדְבִֽר 1 Heshbon … Ramath Mizpah … Betonim … Mahanaim … Debir These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 27 ie4m translate-names בֵּ֣ית הָרָם֩ וּ⁠בֵ֨ית נִמְרָ֜ה וְ⁠סֻכּ֣וֹת וְ⁠צָפ֗וֹן…חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן 1 Beth Haram … Beth Nimrah … Zaphon … Heshbon These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 28 hla2 figs-metaphor זֹ֛את נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵי־גָ֖ד 1 This is the inheritance of the tribe of Gad The land that Moses assigned to the tribe of Gad is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribe of Gad received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 13 29 we69 figs-metaphor וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה לַ⁠חֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֣בֶט מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה 1 Moses gave an inheritance to the half tribe of Manasseh The land that Moses assigned to the half tribe of Manasseh is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he gave to them as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 13 29 gs84 לַ⁠חֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֣בֶט מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה 1 half tribe of Manasseh Only half of the tribe received this land because the other half received land on the other side of the Jordan River.
JOS 13 29 p8yw figs-activepassive וַ⁠יְהִ֗י לַ⁠חֲצִ֛י 1 It was assigned If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moses assigned it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 13 30 s32g translate-names מִ⁠מַּחֲנַ֨יִם…יָאִ֛יר 1 Mahanaim … Jair These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 31 b2aa translate-names וְ⁠עַשְׁתָּר֣וֹת וְ⁠אֶדְרֶ֔עִי 1 Ashtaroth … Edrei These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 31 zde9 figs-activepassive לִ⁠בְנֵ֤י 1 These were assigned If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moses assigned these” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 13 31 g5si translate-names מָכִ֖יר 1 Machir This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 32 hh57 figs-metaphor אֵ֕לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־נִחַ֥ל מֹשֶׁ֖ה 1 This is the inheritance that Moses assigned to them The land that Moses assigned to the tribes of Israel on the east side of the Jordan is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Moses gave to them as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This is the land that Moses assigned to them as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 13 33 ce57 figs-metaphor יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ ה֣וּא נַחֲלָתָ֔⁠ם 1 Yahweh, the God of Israel, is their inheritance The writer speaks of the great honor that the Levites had by serving Yahweh as priests as if Yahweh were something that they would inherit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, the God of Israel, is what they have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 intro dsn7 0 # Joshua 14 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
JOS 14 1 u4tc figs-metaphor וְ⁠אֵ֛לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־נָחֲל֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 the areas of land that the people of Israel received as their inheritance The land that the people of Israel acquired is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 1 ql64 אֲב֥וֹת הַ⁠מַּטּ֖וֹת 1 tribal leaders Alternate translation: “leaders of the tribes”
JOS 14 2 f1ux figs-activepassive בְּ⁠גוֹרַ֖ל נַחֲלָתָ֑⁠ם 1 Their inheritance was selected by lot If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Eleazar, Joshua, and the tribal leaders cast lots to determine the inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 14 2 ti9l figs-synecdoche בְּ⁠יַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה 1 by the hand of Moses Here the word “hand” refers to Moses himself and means that Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “through Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 14 3 ptq4 figs-metaphor כִּֽי־נָתַ֨ן מֹשֶׁ֜ה נַחֲלַ֨ת שְׁנֵ֤י הַ⁠מַּטּוֹת֙ וַ⁠חֲצִ֣י הַ⁠מַּטֶּ֔ה מֵ⁠עֵ֖בֶר לַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְ⁠לַ֨⁠לְוִיִּ֔ם לֹֽא־נָתַ֥ן נַחֲלָ֖ה בְּ⁠תוֹכָֽ⁠ם 1 Moses had given the inheritance of the two and one-half tribes beyond the Jordan, but to the Levites he gave no inheritance The land that Moses gave to the tribes is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 4 tye1 figs-activepassive וְ⁠לֹֽא־נָתְנוּ֩ חֵ֨לֶק לַ⁠לְוִיִּ֜ם בָּ⁠אָ֗רֶץ 1 The Levites were given no portion of the inheritance in the land If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And Moses did not give a portion of the inheritance to the Levites in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 14 4 c5l6 חֵ֨לֶק 1 portion Alternate translation: “part”
JOS 14 4 tj8s figs-ellipsis כִּ֤י אִם־עָרִים֙ לָ⁠שֶׁ֔בֶת 1 but only certain cities to live in The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “but he gave to them only certain cities to live in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOS 14 4 m4nv וּ⁠מִ֨גְרְשֵׁי⁠הֶ֔ם 1 pasturelands fields of grass for the livestock to eat
JOS 14 4 j8ys וּ⁠לְ⁠קִנְיָנָֽ⁠ם 1 material resources physical things they needed so they could provide for their families
JOS 14 6 b9tc translate-names יְפֻנֶּ֖ה 1 Jephunneh This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 14 6 g6g8 translate-names הַ⁠קְּנִזִּ֑י 1 Kenizzite This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 14 7 wqe2 figs-idiom וָ⁠אָשֵׁ֤ב אֹת⁠וֹ֙ דָּבָ֔ר כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֖ר עִם־לְבָבִֽ⁠י 1 I brought him a report again as it was in my heart to make Here the word “heart” represents the thoughts. The phrase is an idiom that refers to a report that is given honestly. Alternate translation: “I brought back to him an honest report” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 14 8 q6zs figs-metaphor הִמְסִ֖יו אֶת־לֵ֣ב הָ⁠עָ֑ם 1 made the heart of the people melt with fear Making the people very afraid is spoken of as if it were making the hearts of the people melt. Alternate translation: “made the people very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 8 d53a figs-metaphor וְ⁠אָנֹכִ֣י מִלֵּ֔אתִי אַחֲרֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה 1 I completely followed Yahweh Being loyal to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were completely following Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I remained loyal to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 9 ew2r figs-metaphor הָ⁠אָ֨רֶץ֙…בָּ֔⁠הּ לְ⁠ךָ֨ תִֽהְיֶ֧ה לְ⁠נַחֲלָ֛ה וּ⁠לְ⁠בָנֶ֖י⁠ךָ עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם 1 the land … will be an inheritance for you and for your children forever The land that Caleb and his descendants would have is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 9 shc9 figs-synecdoche הָ⁠אָ֨רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דָּרְכָ֤ה רַגְלְ⁠ךָ֙ 1 the land on which your foot has walked Here “your foot” represents Caleb. Alternate translation: “the land on which you have walked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 14 10 m9sn הִנֵּה֩ 1 look Alternate translation: “pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
JOS 14 10 c4ma אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֥ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּ⁠מִּדְבָּ֑ר 1 while Israel walked in the wilderness Alternate translation: “while the people of Israel traveled in the wilderness”
JOS 14 11 q443 כְּ⁠כֹ֥חִ⁠י אָ֖ז וּ⁠כְ⁠כֹ֣חִ⁠י עָ֑תָּה 1 My strength is now as my strength was then Alternate translation: “I am still as strong now as I was then”
JOS 14 11 y4nf figs-idiom וְ⁠לָ⁠צֵ֥את וְ⁠לָ⁠בֽוֹא 1 for going and coming This is an idiom that refers to daily activities. Alternate translation: “for the things I do every day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 14 12 r8ka אֶת־הָ⁠הָ֣ר 1 hill country Possible meanings are 1) many large hills or small mountains or 2) one mountain.
JOS 14 12 ner3 translate-names עֲנָקִ֣ים 1 Anakim This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 14 13 q6ae figs-metaphor וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֧ן אֶת־חֶבְר֛וֹן לְ⁠כָלֵ֥ב 1 gave Hebron as an inheritance to Caleb Hebron is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Caleb received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 14 gji6 עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה 1 to this day This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
JOS 14 14 zii3 figs-metaphor מִלֵּ֔א אַחֲרֵ֕י יְהוָ֖ה 1 he completely followed Yahweh Being loyal to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were completely following Yahweh. Alternate translation: “he remained loyal to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 15 hyh6 translate-names קִרְיַ֣ת אַרְבַּ֔ע 1 Kiriath Arba This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 14 15 wv1z figs-personification וְ⁠הָ⁠אָ֥רֶץ שָׁקְטָ֖ה מִ⁠מִּלְחָמָֽה 1 Then the land had rest from war The people no longer fighting wars is spoken of as if the land were a person who rested from war. See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 11:23](../11/23.md). Alternate translation: “Then the people no longer fought wars in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 15 intro ght5 0 # Joshua 15 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Judah. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 15 1 ex51 translate-names צִ֛ן 1 Zin This is the name of the wilderness area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 2 k5za מִ⁠קְצֵ֖ה יָ֣ם הַ⁠מֶּ֑לַח מִן־הַ⁠לָּשֹׁ֖ן הַ⁠פֹּנֶ֥ה נֶֽגְבָּ⁠ה 1 from the end of the Salt Sea, from the bay that faces to the south “from the bay that faces south at the end of the Salt Sea.” These two phrases refer to the same location. The second phrase clarifies the point at which the southern border begins.
JOS 15 2 j6xn מִן־הַ⁠לָּשֹׁ֖ן הַ⁠פֹּנֶ֥ה נֶֽגְבָּ⁠ה 1 from the bay that faces to the south Alternate translation: “from the bay that extends to the south” or “from the southern bay”
JOS 15 2 qj2g הַ⁠לָּשֹׁ֖ן 1 bay smaller part of the sea that extends into the land
JOS 15 3 kb99 translate-names עַקְרַבִּים֙…צִ֔נָ⁠ה…חֶצְרוֹן֙…אַדָּ֔רָ⁠ה…הַ⁠קַּרְקָֽעָ⁠ה 1 Akrabbim … Zin … Hezron … Addar … Karka These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 4 nzh3 translate-names עַצְמ֗וֹנָ⁠ה 1 Azmon This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 4 d1b1 translate-names נַ֣חַל מִצְרַ֔יִם 1 brook of Egypt a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land, near Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 5 xrg4 figs-metaphor מִ⁠קְצֵ֖ה הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּֽן 1 at the mouth of the Jordan The point at which the river empties into the sea is spoken of as if it were the mouth of the river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 15 5 bl5c וּ⁠גְב֞וּל 1 border … ran Alternate translation: “border … was”
JOS 15 6 lbt5 translate-names בֵּ֣ית חָגְלָ֔ה…לְ⁠בֵ֣ית הָעֲרָבָ֑ה 1 Beth Hoglah … Beth Arabah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 6 eqi7 translate-names אֶ֥בֶן בֹּ֖הַן 1 the Stone of Bohan This was likely a large stone that someone set up as a landmark and named after the man, Bohan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 7 n7k5 translate-names דְּבִרָ⁠ה֮ מֵ⁠עֵ֣מֶק עָכוֹר֒…הַ⁠גִּלְגָּ֗ל…לְ⁠מַעֲלֵ֣ה אֲדֻמִּ֔ים…מֵי־עֵ֣ין שֶׁ֔מֶ…עֵ֥ין רֹגֵֽל 1 Debir … the Valley of Achor … the hill of Adummim … En Shemesh … En Rogel These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 8 qa4u translate-names גֵּ֣י בֶן־הִנֹּ֗ם…עֵֽמֶק־רְפָאִ֖ים 1 the Valley of Ben Hinnom … the Valley of Rephaim These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 9 hb3j translate-names נֶפְתּ֔וֹחַ…הַר־עֶפְר֑וֹן…קִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִֽים 1 Nephtoah … Mount Ephron … Baalah … Kiriath Jearim These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 10 h92v translate-names מִ⁠בַּעֲלָ֥ה…הַ֣ר שֵׂעִ֔יר…הַר־יְעָרִ֛ים…כְסָל֑וֹן…בֵּֽית־שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ…תִּמְנָֽה 1 Baalah … Mount Seir … Mount Jearim … Kesalon … Beth Shemesh … Timnah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 11 n6qt translate-names שִׁכְּר֔וֹנָ⁠ה…הַר־הַֽ⁠בַּעֲלָ֖ה…יַבְנְאֵ֑ל 1 Shikkeron … Mount Baalah … Jabneel These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 13 gx9f translate-names אֶת־קִרְיַ֥ת אַרְבַּ֛ע 1 Kiriath Arba These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 13 v154 translate-names אַרְבַּ֛ע…הָ⁠עֲנָ֖ק 1 Arba … Anak These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 14 jp1i figs-explicit אֶת־שְׁלוֹשָׁ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י הָ⁠עֲנָ֑ק אֶת־שֵׁשַׁ֤י וְ⁠אֶת־אֲחִימַן֙ וְ⁠אֶת־תַּלְמַ֔י יְלִידֵ֖י הָ⁠עֲנָֽק 1 the three sons of Anak: Sheshai, Ahiman and Talmai, descendants of Anak These names represent clans of people who were descendants of Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai. The words “sons” and “descendants” in this context mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “the three clans, Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai, who were descendants of Anak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 15 14 q23k translate-names הָ⁠עֲנָ֑ק אֶת־שֵׁשַׁ֤י וְ⁠אֶת־אֲחִימַן֙ וְ⁠אֶת־תַּלְמַ֔י 1 Anak … Sheshai … Ahiman … Talmai These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 15 n52j וַ⁠יַּ֣עַל מִ⁠שָּׁ֔ם אֶל 1 He went up from there against Alternate translation: “He went up from there to fight against”
JOS 15 15 k99v translate-names דְּבִ֥ר…קִרְיַת־סֵֽפֶר 1 Debir … Kiriath Sepher These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 16 hs9c translate-names אֶת־קִרְיַת־סֵ֖פֶר 1 Kiriath Sepher This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 16 z82q translate-names אֶת־עַכְסָ֥ה 1 Aksah This is a woman’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 17 kvc1 translate-names עָתְנִיאֵ֥ל…קְנַ֖ז 1 Othniel … Kenaz These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 18 d6qf figs-idiom בְּ⁠בוֹאָ֗⁠הּ 1 Aksah came to Othniel This is an idiom that refers to Aksah becoming Othniel’s wife. Alternate translation: “when Aksah became Othniel’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 15 18 ia6d figs-quotations וַ⁠תְּסִיתֵ֨⁠הוּ֙ לִ⁠שְׁא֤וֹל מֵֽ⁠אֵת־אָבִ֨י⁠הָ֙ שָׂדֶ֔ה 1 she urged him to ask her father for a field. This can be translated as direct speech. Alternate translation: “she urged him, ‘Ask my father to give me a field.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JOS 15 19 nun3 אֵ֚ת גֻּלֹּ֣ת עִלִּיּ֔וֹת וְ⁠אֵ֖ת גֻּלֹּ֥ת תַּחְתִּיּֽוֹת 1 the upper springs and lower springs The words “upper” and “lower” likely refer to the geographical altitude of the water springs.
JOS 15 20 q76c figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־יְהוּדָ֖ה 1 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Judah The land that the tribe of Judah received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 15 46 dfe2 וְ⁠חַצְרֵי⁠הֶֽן 1 settlements villages
JOS 15 47 hsx1 translate-names נַ֣חַל מִצְרָ֑יִם 1 brook of Egypt a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land near Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 63 j68z עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 to this day This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
JOS 16 intro bpv3 0 # Joshua 16 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Ephraim, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 16 1 b1k9 figs-explicit לִ⁠בְנֵ֤י יוֹסֵף֙ 1 the tribe of Joseph The “tribe of Joseph” consisted of the tribes of Joseph’s two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. Since half of the tribe of Manasseh had settled east of the Jordan, this phrase refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 16 2 g9td translate-names ל֑וּזָ⁠ה…עֲטָרֽוֹת 1 Luz … Ataroth These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 16 2 zs9f translate-names הָ⁠אַרְכִּ֖י 1 Arkites This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 16 3 w8gi translate-names הַ⁠יַּפְלֵטִ֗י 1 Japhletites This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 16 3 id59 translate-names בֵּית־חוֹרֹ֛ן תַּחְתּ֖וֹן…גָּ֑זֶר 1 Lower Beth Horon … Gezer These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 16 4 u6fy בְנֵי־יוֹסֵ֖ף מְנַשֶּׁ֥ה וְ⁠אֶפְרָֽיִם 1 the tribes of Joseph, Manasseh and Ephraim Alternate translation: “the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim, the sons of Joseph”
JOS 16 4 r4qw figs-metaphor וַ⁠יִּנְחֲל֥וּ 1 received their inheritance The land that the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “received this land as their inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 16 5 f2i9 figs-activepassive גְּב֥וּל בְּנֵֽי־אֶפְרַ֖יִם לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑⁠ם 1 The territory of the tribe of Ephraim, clan by clan If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The territory … that Joshua assigned to their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 16 5 m6lu translate-names עַטְר֣וֹת אַדָּ֔ר…בֵּ֥ית חוֹרֹ֖ן עֶלְיֽוֹן 1 Ataroth Addar … Upper Beth Horon These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 16 6 vg46 translate-names הַֽ⁠מִּכְמְתָת֙…תַּאֲנַ֣ת שִׁלֹ֑ה…יָנֽוֹחָ⁠ה 1 Mikmethath … Taanath Shiloh … Janoah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 16 7 uyw7 translate-names מִ⁠יָּנ֖וֹחָ⁠ה עֲטָר֣וֹת וְ⁠נַעֲרָ֑תָ⁠ה 1 Janoah … Naarah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 16 8 at1t translate-names מִ⁠תַּפּ֜וּחַ…קָנָ֔ה 1 Tappuah … Kanah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 16 8 mb6i figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־אֶפְרַ֖יִם לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Ephraim The land that Ephraim possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land that the tribe of Ephraim received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 16 8 ke41 figs-activepassive לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 clan by clan If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which Joshua assigned to their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 16 9 y6xs figs-activepassive וְ⁠הֶ⁠עָרִ֗ים הַ⁠מִּבְדָּלוֹת֙ 1 the cities that were chosen If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the cities that Joshua had chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 16 9 f1yc figs-metaphor בְּ⁠ת֖וֹךְ נַחֲלַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה 1 within the inheritance of the tribe of Manasseh The land that the tribe of Manasseh possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “within the land that the tribe of Manasseh had received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 16 10 au8e עַד־הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה 1 to this day This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
JOS 16 10 fth4 figs-activepassive וַ⁠יְהִ֖י לְ⁠מַס־עֹבֵֽד 1 these people were made to do forced labor If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the Israelites forced these people to work as slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 17 intro m3nk 0 # Joshua 17 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Manasseh’s lack of faith<br>Even though they were one of the largest and most powerful tribes of Israel, the tribe of Manasseh lacked faith in the power of Yahweh. This caused them many problems. It would also cause their descendants many problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Manasseh, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 17 1 j2sj translate-names לְ⁠מָכִיר֩ 1 Makir These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 1 zuz5 figs-activepassive וַֽ⁠יְהִי־ל֖⁠וֹ הַ⁠גִּלְעָ֥ד וְ⁠הַ⁠בָּשָֽׁן 1 Makir’s descendants were assigned the land of Gilead and Bashan If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned the land of Gilead and Bashan to Makir’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 17 2 al47 translate-names אֲבִיעֶ֜זֶר…חֵ֗לֶק…אַשְׂרִיאֵל֙…שֶׁ֔כֶם…חֵ֖פֶר…שְׁמִידָ֑ע 1 Abiezer, Helek, Asriel, Shechem, Hepher, and Shemida These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 2 us2l figs-activepassive וַ֠⁠יְהִי 1 Land was assigned … given to their clans If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned land … and gave them to their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 17 3 u2e9 translate-names וְ⁠לִ⁠צְלָפְחָד֩…חֵ֨פֶ 1 Zelophehad … Hepher These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 3 k5z5 translate-names מַחְלָ֣ה וְ⁠נֹעָ֔ה חָגְלָ֥ה מִלְכָּ֖ה וְ⁠תִרְצָֽה 1 Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milkah, and Tirzah These are women’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 4 x2q2 translate-names אֶלְעָזָ֨ר 1 Eleazar This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 4 q55m figs-metaphor לָֽ⁠תֶת־לָ֥⁠נוּ נַחֲלָ֖ה 1 to give to us an inheritance The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “to give to us some land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 17 4 s6fd וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֨ן לָ⁠הֶ֜ם…נַֽחֲלָ֔ה 1 he gave those women an inheritance Possible meanings are 1) “Joshua gave those women an inheritance” or 2) “Eleazar gave those women an inheritance.”
JOS 17 5 d1c3 figs-activepassive וַ⁠יִּפְּל֥וּ חַבְלֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה עֲשָׂרָ֑ה 1 Ten parcels of land were assigned If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned ten parcels of land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 17 5 z7zr חַבְלֵֽי…עֲשָׂרָ֑ה 1 Ten parcels Alternate translation: “Ten portions”
JOS 17 6 d9gb figs-metaphor נָחֲל֥וּ נַחֲלָ֖ה 1 received an inheritance The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “received land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 17 6 qbx1 figs-activepassive הַ⁠גִּלְעָ֔ד הָיְתָ֥ה לִ⁠בְנֵֽי 1 The land of Gilead was assigned If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned the land of Gilead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 17 7 jln6 אֶל־הַ⁠יָּמִ֔ין 1 southward toward the south
JOS 17 7 dfe9 translate-names הַֽ⁠מִּכְמְתָ֔ת…תַּפּֽוּחַ 1 Mikmethath … Tappuah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 9 k7gp הַ⁠גְּבוּל֩ 1 The border Alternate translation: “The border of Manasseh’s land”
JOS 17 9 l2af נַ֨חַל 1 brook a very small river
JOS 17 9 qvi8 translate-names קָנָ֜ה 1 Kanah name of a brook (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 10 mi9b figs-activepassive וּ⁠בְ⁠אָשֵׁר֙ יִפְגְּע֣וּ⁠ן מִ⁠צָּפ֔וֹן 1 On the north side Asher can be reached Possible meanings are 1) that the border of Manasseh’s land on the north side touched the land that belonged to the tribe of Asher or 2) that one can travel north to reach Asher. Alternate translation: “Asher was on the north side” or “One can travel north to reach Asher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 17 10 fj36 figs-ellipsis וּ⁠בְ⁠יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר מִ⁠מִּזְרָֽח 1 to the east, Issachar The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “to the east, one can reach Issachar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOS 17 11 s1sn translate-names בֵּית־שְׁאָ֣ן…וְ⁠יִבְלְעָ֨ם…דֹ֣אר…עֵֽין־דֹּר֙…תַעְנַךְ֙…מְגִדּ֖וֹ…הַ⁠נָּֽפֶת 1 Beth Shan … Ibleam … Dor … Endor … Taanach … Megiddo … Napheth These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 14 b4j6 figs-explicit בְּנֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף 1 the descendants of Joseph This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 17 14 sk37 figs-rquestion מַדּוּעַ֩ נָתַ֨תָּה לִּ֜⁠י נַחֲלָ֗ה גּוֹרָ֤ל אֶחָד֙ וְ⁠חֶ֣בֶל אֶחָ֔ד וַֽ⁠אֲנִ֣י עַם־רָ֔ב עַ֥ד אֲשֶׁר־עַד־כֹּ֖ה בֵּֽרְכַ֥⁠נִי יְהוָֽה 1 Why have you given us only one … Yahweh has blessed us? The people of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh ask this question to emphasize that Joshua should have assigned to them more land. Alternate translation: “You should have given us more than one … Yahweh has blessed us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 17 14 ju22 figs-doublet גּוֹרָ֤ל אֶחָד֙ וְ⁠חֶ֣בֶל אֶחָ֔ד 1 one assignment of land and one portion for an inheritance These two phrases mean basically the same thing. In the second, the land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “one assignment of land as our inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 17 14 dg92 וְ⁠חֶ֣בֶל 1 portion part
JOS 17 14 p7z5 עַם־רָ֔ב עַ֥ד 1 people great in number Alternate translation: “many people”
JOS 17 15 d24l אִם־עַם־רַ֤ב אַתָּה֙ 1 If you are a people great in number Alternate translation: “Since you are a people great in number”
JOS 17 15 psc4 translate-names וְ⁠הָֽ⁠רְפָאִ֑ים 1 Rephaim This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 16 g788 translate-names בְּ⁠בֵית־שְׁאָן֙…יִזְרְעֶֽאל 1 Beth Shan … Jezreel These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 17 wa3y figs-metonymy בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵ֔ף 1 the house of Joseph Here the word “house” refers to the descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 17 18 w4m4 וּ⁠בֵ֣רֵאת֔⁠וֹ 1 you will clear it Alternate translation: “you will clear the forest of trees” or “you will cut down its trees”
JOS 18 intro j38i 0 # Joshua 18 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 18 1 fkg2 figs-events וְ⁠הָ⁠אָ֥רֶץ נִכְבְּשָׁ֖ה לִ⁠פְנֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 and they conquered the land They had conquered the people who lived in the land before they set up the tent of meeting. Alternate translation: “after they had conquered the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
JOS 18 2 ynk6 figs-metaphor אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־חָלְק֖וּ אֶת־נַֽחֲלָתָ֑⁠ם 1 whose inheritance had not been assigned The land that the tribes would receive is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to whom Joshua had not assigned land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 18 3 bia9 figs-rquestion עַד־אָ֨נָה֙ אַתֶּ֣ם מִתְרַפִּ֔ים לָ⁠בוֹא֙ לָ⁠רֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן לָ⁠כֶ֔ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבֽוֹתֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 How long will you put off … has given you? Joshua asks this question in order to encourage the Israelites to take possession of the land. Alternate translation: “For long enough, you have put off … has given you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 18 4 p7hg figs-idiom וְ⁠יִֽתְהַלְּכ֥וּ בָ⁠אָ֛רֶץ 1 the land up and down The words “up and down” mean in every direction. Alternate translation: “the land in every direction” or “throughout the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 18 4 zry7 וְ⁠יִכְתְּב֥וּ אוֹתָ֛⁠הּ לְ⁠פִ֥י נַֽחֲלָתָ֖⁠ם 1 write out a description of it with a view to their inheritances This means that they will describe the portions of land that each tribe would like to receive for an inheritance.
JOS 18 4 lh9w figs-metaphor נַֽחֲלָתָ֖⁠ם 1 their inheritances The land that they are to survey is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that each of the tribes would receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 18 5 e13l 0 General Information: Joshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel.
JOS 18 5 dmy4 וְ⁠הִֽתְחַלְּק֥וּ אֹתָ֖⁠הּ 1 They will divide it Alternate translation: “They will divide the land”
JOS 18 5 y5gn יְהוּדָ֞ה יַעֲמֹ֤ד 1 Judah will remain Alternate translation: “The tribe of Judah will remain”
JOS 18 5 d41l figs-metonymy וּ⁠בֵ֥ית יוֹסֵ֛ף 1 the house of Joseph Here the word “house” represents the descendants of Joseph. The phrase refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 18 7 v3qr 0 General Information: Joshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel.
JOS 18 7 e6s8 אֵֽין־חֵ֤לֶק 1 no portion Alternate translation: “no portion of land”
JOS 18 7 kus7 figs-metaphor כִּֽי־כְהֻנַּ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה נַחֲלָת֑⁠וֹ 1 for the priesthood of Yahweh is their inheritance Joshua speaks of the great honor that the Levites have by serving Yahweh as priests as if it were something that they inherited. Alternate translation: “for the priesthood of Yahweh is what they have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 18 7 eqg6 וַ⁠חֲצִי֩ שֵׁ֨בֶט הַֽ⁠מְנַשֶּׁ֜ה 1 the half tribe of Manasseh Alternate translation: “half of the tribe of Manasseh”
JOS 18 7 cyc8 figs-metaphor לָקְח֣וּ נַחֲלָתָ֗⁠ם 1 have received their inheritance The land that the tribes received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “have received land as their inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 18 8 t1cr 0 General Information: Joshua speaks to the twenty-one men who were to go look at the land.
JOS 18 8 p238 figs-idiom וְ⁠הִתְהַלְּכ֨וּ בָ⁠אָ֜רֶץ 1 up and down in the land The words “up and down” mean in every direction. See how you translated this in [Joshua 18:4](../18/04.md). Alternate translation: “in every direction in the land” or “throughout the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 18 10 pz3n figs-activepassive כְּ⁠מַחְלְקֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 to each was given his portion of the land If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to each tribe Joshua gave their portion in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 18 11 hd7v בֵּ֚ין בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּ⁠בֵ֖ין בְּנֵ֥י יוֹסֵֽף 1 between the descendants of Judah and the descendants of Joseph Alternate translation: “between the land that belonged to the descendants of Judah and the land that belonged to the descendants of Joseph”
JOS 18 11 ib4f figs-explicit בְּנֵ֥י יוֹסֵֽף 1 the descendants of Joseph This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 18 12 ij99 translate-names בֵּ֥ית אָֽוֶן 1 Beth Aven This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 13 hx15 translate-names ל֨וּזָ⁠ה֙…בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל…עַטְר֣וֹת אַדָּ֔ר…לְ⁠בֵית־חֹר֖וֹן 1 Luz … Ataroth Addar … Beth Horon These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 14 h4e6 הַ⁠גְּבוּל֩ 1 The boundary This refers to the same thing as “the border” in verse 13.
JOS 18 14 eq7x translate-names קִרְיַת־בַּ֨עַל֙…קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֔ים 1 Kiriath Baal … Kiriath Jearim These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 15 ulq2 translate-names קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֑ים…נֶפְתּֽוֹחַ 1 Kiriath Jearim … Ephron … Nephtoah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 16 br6t translate-names בֶן־הִנֹּ֔ם…רְפָאִ֖ים…הִנֹּ֜ם…עֵ֥ין רֹגֵֽל 1 Ben Hinnom … Rephaim … Hinnom … En Rogel These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 17 d8dt translate-names עֵ֣ין שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ…גְּלִיל֔וֹת…אֲדֻמִּ֑ים 1 En Shemesh … Geliloth … Adummim These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 17 z2mh translate-names אֶ֥בֶן בֹּ֖הַן 1 the Stone of Bohan This was likely a large stone that someone set up as a landmark and named after the man, Bohan. See how you translated this in [Joshua 15:6](../15/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 18 g6td figs-metaphor כֶּ֥תֶף מוּל־הָֽ⁠עֲרָבָ֖ה 1 the shoulder of Beth Arabah Land that is in the form of a slope or ridge is spoken of as if it were a shoulder. Alternate translation: “the slope of Beth Arabah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 18 18 b98y translate-names מוּל־הָֽ⁠עֲרָבָ֖ה 1 Beth Arabah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 19 k48g figs-metaphor כֶּ֣תֶף בֵּית־חָגְלָה֮ צָפוֹנָ⁠ה֒ 1 the north shoulder of Beth Hoglah Land that is in the form of a slope or ridge is spoken of as if it were a shoulder. Alternate translation: “the north slope of Beth Hoglah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 18 19 xy3i translate-names בֵּית־חָגְלָה֮ 1 Beth Hoglah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 20 ywb2 figs-metaphor זֹ֡את נַחֲלַת֩ בְּנֵ֨י בִנְיָמִ֧ן 1 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Benjamin The land that the tribe of Benjamin received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 18 20 pe6e figs-activepassive לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 it was given clan by clan If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joshua gave it to each of their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 18 21 i6af translate-names 0 General Information: The writer lists the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 24 jsu9 וְ⁠חַצְרֵי⁠הֶֽן 1 their villages Alternate translation: “the villages around them”
JOS 18 28 t3aa figs-metaphor זֹ֛את נַֽחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִ֖ן 1 This was the inheritance of Benjamin The land and cities that the tribe of Benjamin received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 intro j62l 0 # Joshua 19 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 19 1 s149 וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֞א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֤ל הַ⁠שֵּׁנִי֙ לְ⁠שִׁמְע֔וֹן 1 The second casting of lots fell to Simeon Alternate translation: “The second time Joshua cast lots, the lot indicated the tribe of Simeon”
JOS 19 1 gl7x translate-ordinal הַ⁠שֵּׁנִי֙ 1 The second number two in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS 19 1 z9r9 לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחוֹתָ֑⁠ם 1 clan by clan Alternate translation: “and Joshua assigned the land to each of their clans”
JOS 19 1 u57y figs-metaphor וַֽ⁠יְהִי֙ נַֽחֲלָתָ֔⁠ם בְּ⁠ת֖וֹךְ נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָֽה 1 Their inheritance was in the middle of the inheritance that belonged to the tribe of Judah The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribes received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “The land that they received as an inheritance was in the middle of the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 2 kg51 translate-names 0 General Information: The writer lists cities that were in the land that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 2 eu6h figs-metaphor וַ⁠יְהִ֥י לָ⁠הֶ֖ם בְּ⁠נַֽחֲלָתָ֑⁠ם 1 They had for their inheritance The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “They had the following cities for their inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 5 f4vb וְ⁠צִֽקְלַ֥ג 1 Ziklag See how you translated the name of this city in [Joshua 15:31](../15/31.md).
JOS 19 8 uc1c figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־שִׁמְע֖וֹן 1 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Simeon The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 8 q586 figs-activepassive לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 clan by clan If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which Joshua gave to their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 19 9 lep5 figs-activepassive מֵ⁠חֶ֨בֶל֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה 1 the portion of land assigned to the tribe of Judah If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the portion of land which Joshua assigned to the tribe of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 19 9 p2ji בְּ⁠ת֥וֹךְ נַחֲלָתָֽ⁠ם 1 the middle of their portion Alternate translation: “the middle of Judah’s portion of land”
JOS 19 10 f5gu וַ⁠יַּ֨עַל֙ הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֣ל הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י 1 The third casting of lots See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS 19 10 s2j1 translate-ordinal הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י 1 The third number three in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS 19 10 vde5 translate-names שָׂרִֽיד 1 Sarid This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 11 v9gp translate-names וּ⁠מַרְעֲלָ֖ה…בְּ⁠דַבָּ֑שֶׁת…יָקְנְעָֽם 1 Maralah … Dabbesheth … Jokneam These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 11 gx7v עַל־פְּנֵ֥י יָקְנְעָֽם 1 opposite Jokneam Alternate translation: “across from Jokneam”
JOS 19 12 n9dc translate-names מִ⁠שָּׂרִ֗יד…כִּסְלֹ֖ת תָּבֹ֑ר…הַ⁠דָּֽבְרַ֖ת…יָפִֽיעַ 1 Sarid … Kisloth Tabor … Daberath … Japhia These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 13 dqd5 translate-names גִּתָּ֥⁠ה חֵ֖פֶר עִתָּ֣ה קָצִ֑ין…רִמּ֥וֹן…הַ⁠נֵּעָֽה 1 Gath Hepher … Eth Kazin … Rimmon … Neah These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 14 ja4s translate-names חַנָּתֹ֑ן…יִפְתַּח־אֵֽל 1 Hannathon … Iphtah El These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 15 xk4u translate-names וְ⁠קַטָּ֤ת וְ⁠נַֽהֲלָל֙ וְ⁠שִׁמְר֔וֹן וְ⁠יִדְאֲלָ֖ה וּ⁠בֵ֣ית לָ֑חֶם 1 Kattath … Nahalal … Shimron … Idalah … Bethlehem These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 15 yn5n translate-names וּ⁠בֵ֣ית לָ֑חֶם 1 Bethlehem This is not the same “Bethlehem” that is south of Jerusalem in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 16 a4ee figs-metaphor זֹ֛את נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־זְבוּלֻ֖ן 1 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Zebulun The land and cities that the tribe of Zebulun received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Zebulun received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 17 fum5 יָצָ֖א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֣ל הָֽ⁠רְבִיעִ֑י 1 The fourth casting of lots See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS 19 17 l33x translate-ordinal הָֽ⁠רְבִיעִ֑י 1 The fourth number four in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS 19 18 qmg4 translate-names וְ⁠הַ⁠כְּסוּלֹ֖ת וְ⁠שׁוּנֵֽם 1 Chesulloth … Shunem These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 19 c3ti translate-names וַ⁠חֲפָרַ֥יִם וְ⁠שִׁיאֹ֖ן וַ⁠אֲנָחֲרַֽת 1 Hapharaim … Shion … Anaharath These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 20 mft4 translate-names וְ⁠הָֽ⁠רַבִּ֥ית וְ⁠קִשְׁי֖וֹן וָ⁠אָֽבֶץ 1 Rabbith … Kishion … Ebez These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 21 b1ex translate-names וְ⁠רֶ֧מֶת וְ⁠עֵין־גַּנִּ֛ים וְ⁠עֵ֥ין חַדָּ֖ה וּ⁠בֵ֥ית פַּצֵּֽץ 1 Remeth … En Gannim … En Haddah … Beth Pazzez These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 22 hs7i translate-names בְּ⁠תָב֤וֹר 1 Tabor This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 22 ht1e translate-names ו⁠שחצומ⁠ה 1 Shahazumah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 23 yll2 figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר 1 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Issachar The land and cities that the tribe of Issachar received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Issachar received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 24 lhr4 וַ⁠יֵּצֵא֙ הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֣ל הַֽ⁠חֲמִישִׁ֔י 1 The fifth casting of lots See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS 19 24 xa5a translate-ordinal הַֽ⁠חֲמִישִׁ֔י 1 The fifth number five in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS 19 25 prg9 translate-names חֶלְקַ֥ת וַ⁠חֲלִ֖י וָ⁠בֶ֥טֶן וְ⁠אַכְשָֽׁף 1 Helkath, Hali, Beten, Akshaph These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 26 v6t4 translate-names וְ⁠אַֽלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ וְ⁠עַמְעָ֖ד וּ⁠מִשְׁאָ֑ל…וּ⁠בְ⁠שִׁיח֖וֹר לִבְנָֽת 1 Allammelek, Amad, and Mishall … Shihor Libnath These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 27 pbh2 translate-names בֵּ֣ית דָּגֹן֒…וּ⁠בְ⁠גֵ֨י יִפְתַּח־אֵ֥ל…בֵּ֥ית הָעֵ֖מֶק וּ⁠נְעִיאֵ֑ל…כָּב֖וּל 1 Beth Dagon … Valley of Iphtah El … Beth Emek … Neiel … Kabul These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 28 ht1l translate-names וְ⁠עֶבְרֹ֥ן וּ⁠רְחֹ֖ב וְ⁠חַמּ֣וֹן וְ⁠קָנָ֑ה 1 Abdon … Rehob … Hammon … Kanah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 29 q8wz translate-names חֹסָ֔ה…אַכְזִֽיבָ⁠ה 1 Hosah … Akzib These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 30 y1g5 translate-names וְ⁠עֻמָ֥ה וַ⁠אֲפֵ֖ק וּ⁠רְחֹ֑ב 1 Ummah … Aphek … Rehob These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 31 x4aq figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־אָשֵׁ֖ר 1 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Asher The land and cities that the tribe of Asher received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Asher received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 32 jy7g יָצָ֖א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֣ל הַ⁠שִּׁשִּׁ֑י 1 The sixth casting of lots See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS 19 32 jjm6 translate-ordinal הַ⁠שִּׁשִּׁ֑י 1 The sixth number six in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS 19 33 syr4 translate-names מֵ⁠חֵ֨לֶף…בְּ⁠צַעֲנַנִּ֗ים וַ⁠אֲדָמִ֥י הַנֶּ֛קֶב וְ⁠יַבְנְאֵ֖ל…לַקּ֑וּם 1 Heleph … Zaanannim … Adami Nekeb … Jabneel … Lakkum These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 34 lu5s translate-names אַזְנ֣וֹת תָּב֔וֹר…חוּקֹ֑קָ⁠ה 1 Aznoth Tabor … Hukkok These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 35 h8p6 translate-names הַ⁠צִּדִּ֣ים צֵ֔ר וְ⁠חַמַּ֖ת רַקַּ֥ת וְ⁠כִנָּֽרֶת 1 Ziddim … Zer … Hammath … Rakkath … Kinnereth These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 35 lq51 וְ⁠חַמַּ֖ת 1 Hammath This is not the same location as “Hamath,” but is located on the west shore of the Sea of Galilee.
JOS 19 36 e379 translate-names וַ⁠אֲדָמָ֥ה וְ⁠הָ⁠רָמָ֖ה וְ⁠חָצֽוֹר 1 Adamah … Ramah … Hazor These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 37 vez5 translate-names וְ⁠קֶ֥דֶשׁ וְ⁠אֶדְרֶ֖עִי וְ⁠עֵ֥ין חָצֽוֹר 1 Kedesh … Edrei … En Hazor These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 38 jp9v translate-names וְ⁠יִרְאוֹן֙ וּ⁠מִגְדַּל־אֵ֔ל חֳרֵ֥ם וּ⁠בֵית־עֲנָ֖ת וּ⁠בֵ֣ית שָׁ֑מֶשׁ 1 Yiron … Migdal El … Horem … Beth Anath These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 39 s9en figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־נַפְתָּלִ֖י 1 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Naphtali The land and cities that the tribe of Naphtali received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Naphtali received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 40 q3a2 יָצָ֖א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֥ל הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִֽי 1 The seventh casting of lots See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS 19 40 b1tt translate-ordinal הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִֽי 1 The seventh number seven in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS 19 41 d7it figs-metaphor גְּב֣וּל נַחֲלָתָ֑⁠ם 1 The territory of its inheritance The land that the tribe of Dan received is spoken of as if it was an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “The territory of land that the tribe of Dan received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 41 b8bg translate-names צָרְעָ֥ה וְ⁠אֶשְׁתָּא֖וֹל וְ⁠עִ֥יר שָֽׁמֶשׁ 1 Zorah, Eshtaol, Ir Shemesh These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 42 q637 translate-names וְ⁠שַֽׁעֲלַבִּ֥ין וְ⁠אַיָּל֖וֹן וְ⁠יִתְלָֽה 1 Shaalabbin, Aijalon, and Ithlah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 43 sht1 translate-names וְ⁠אֵיל֥וֹן וְ⁠תִמְנָ֖תָ⁠ה וְ⁠עֶקְרֽוֹן 1 Elon, Timnah, Ekron These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 44 gca7 translate-names וְ⁠אֶלְתְּקֵ֥ה וְ⁠גִבְּת֖וֹן וּ⁠בַעֲלָֽת 1 Eltekeh, Gibbethon, Baalath These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 45 yan4 translate-names וִ⁠יהֻ֥ד וּ⁠בְנֵֽי־בְרַ֖ק וְ⁠גַת־רִמּֽוֹן 1 Jehud, Bene Berak, Gath Rimmon These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 46 ddh6 translate-names וּ⁠מֵ֥י הַיַּרְק֖וֹן וְ⁠הָֽ⁠רַקּ֑וֹן 1 Me Jarkon … Rakkon These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 46 w42c מ֥וּל יָפֽוֹ 1 across from Joppa Alternate translation: “opposite Joppa” or “beside Joppa”
JOS 19 47 i8zh translate-names לֶ֜שֶׁם 1 Leshem This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 48 cx9h figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־דָ֖ן 1 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Dan The land and cities that the tribe of Dan received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Dan received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 49 jzi6 figs-metaphor וַ⁠יִּתְּנ֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל נַחֲלָ֛ה לִ⁠יהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ בִּן־נ֖וּן בְּ⁠תוֹכָֽ⁠ם 1 gave an inheritance among themselves to Joshua son of Nun The city that Joshua received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “gave a city within their own land as an inheritance to Joshua son of Nun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 50 ac8r translate-names אֶת־תִּמְנַת־סֶ֖רַח 1 Timnath Serah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 51 cs47 figs-metaphor אֵ֣לֶּה הַ⁠נְּחָלֹ֡ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִחֲל֣וּ 1 These are the inheritances … assigned The land and cities that the various tribes received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “These are the portions of land and the cities … assigned as inheritances” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 20 intro vg5f 0 # Joshua 20 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Cities of Refuge<br><br>If a person was killed, it was the duty of his relatives to kill the killer. If the death was an accident, this would be unfair. Therefore, God told the Israelites to make cities of refuge for a person who killed someone accidentally. In the city where he sought refuge, his case would be solved legally: “Do this so that one who unintentionally kills a person can go there. These cities will be a place of refuge from anyone who seeks to avenge the blood of a person who was killed.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/refuge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]])
JOS 20 2 qhs6 figs-metonymy בְּ⁠יַד־מֹשֶֽׁה 1 by the hand of Moses Here “hand of Moses” refers to the scriptures that Moses wrote down. Alternate translation: “through the things that Moses wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 20 3 a1vg מַכֵּה־נֶ֥פֶשׁ בִּ⁠שְׁגָגָ֖ה 1 unintentionally kills This happens when a person accidentally kills another person, without intending to do so.
JOS 20 3 h73b figs-metonymy מִ⁠גֹּאֵ֖ל הַ⁠דָּֽם 1 avenge the blood of a person who was killed Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 20 4 u2dh וְ⁠נָ֞ס 1 He will run Here the word “he” refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone.
JOS 20 4 p1sg וְ⁠דִבֶּ֛ר בְּ⁠אָזְנֵ֛י זִקְנֵ֥י־הָ⁠עִֽיר הַ⁠הִ֖יא אֶת־דְּבָרָ֑י⁠ו 1 explain his case to the elders of that city “convince the elders of that city that he had not intentionally killed the person.
JOS 20 4 dhh4 וְ⁠אָסְפ֨וּ אֹת֤⁠וֹ 1 Then they will take him The word “they” refers to the elders and “him” refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone.
JOS 20 4 k969 וְ⁠יָשַׁ֥ב עִמָּֽ⁠ם 1 live among them This refers to the city as a whole, not to the elders only.
JOS 20 5 x945 figs-metonymy גֹּאֵ֤ל הַ⁠דָּם֙ 1 avenge the blood of the person who was killed Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Joshua 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 20 5 u27s בִ⁠בְלִי־דַ֨עַת֙ הִכָּ֣ה אֶת־רֵעֵ֔⁠הוּ 1 killed his neighbor unintentionally accidentally killed his neighbor
JOS 20 6 c6fe עָמְד֞⁠וֹ לִ⁠פְנֵ֤י הָֽ⁠עֵדָה֙ 1 stood before the assembly This is a phrase that describes standing to seek justice from a court of the assembly of his fellow citizens.
JOS 20 7 lyr5 translate-names 0 General Information: There are a lot of names in this section. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 20 8 cy8e לְ⁠יַרְדֵּ֤ן 1 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS 20 9 b89x figs-idiom וְ⁠לֹ֣א יָמ֗וּת בְּ⁠יַד֙ גֹּאֵ֣ל הַ⁠דָּ֔ם 1 would not die by the hand of the one Here “by the hand” is an idiom that means to be the specific cause of something. Alternate translation: “would not be killed by the one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 20 9 j61z figs-metonymy גֹּאֵ֣ל הַ⁠דָּ֔ם 1 avenge the blood that was shed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Joshua 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 intro pp5c 0 # Joshua 21 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Levi. Even though they did not receive a large piece of land like the other tribes, they did receive small pieces of land to live on and for their animals. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 21 1 js4y translate-names אֶלְעָזָר֙…נ֑וּן 1 Eleazar … Nun These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 2 wk1t וַ⁠יְדַבְּר֨וּ אֲלֵי⁠הֶ֜ם 1 They said to them Alternate translation: “The Levites said to them”
JOS 21 2 wk1m figs-idiom יְהוָה֙ צִוָּ֣ה בְ⁠יַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה 1 Yahweh commanded you by the hand of Moses The phrase “by the hand of” is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Moses to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “Yahweh told Moses to command you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 21 3 f9ei אֶת־הֶ⁠עָרִ֥ים 1 following cities This refers to the cities to be listed in the next verses.
JOS 21 4 r4ry וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֥א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֖ל 1 casting of lots A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS 21 4 fl2y translate-names הַ⁠קְּהָתִ֑י 1 Kohathites This priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 5 iwh3 וּ⁠מֵ⁠חֲצִ֨י 1 half tribe Half the tribe because the other half received their inheritance before crossing the Jordan River.
JOS 21 6 bk5g translate-names גֵרְשׁ֗וֹן 1 Gershon Gershon was one of the sons of Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 6 ezu2 בַּ⁠גּוֹרָ֔ל 1 casting of lots A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS 21 7 cg61 translate-names מְרָרִ֜י 1 Merari Merari was one of the sons of Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 8 qe5y figs-metonymy צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בְּ⁠יַד־מֹשֶׁ֖ה 1 Yahweh had commanded by the hand of Moses The phrase “by the hand of” here means that Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “Yahweh had told Moses to command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 21 10 t6l2 translate-names מִ⁠מִּשְׁפְּח֥וֹת הַ⁠קְּהָתִ֖י 1 clans of the Kohathites The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. See how you translated this in [Joshua 21:2](../21/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 10 tnp1 הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֖ל 1 casting of lots A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS 21 11 vkd2 writing-background אַרְבַּ֨ע אֲבִ֧י הָֽ⁠עֲנ֛וֹק 1 Arba had been the father of Anak This is background information about the name of the man who founded the city of Kiriath Arba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JOS 21 11 mn2g translate-names הָֽ⁠עֲנ֛וֹק 1 Anak This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 11 vd7d בְּ⁠הַ֣ר 1 hill country An area of land with natural elevations, smaller than mountains.
JOS 21 11 kwe7 מִגְרָשֶׁ֖⁠הָ 1 pasturelands An area covered with grass or plants suitable for the grazing of livestock or cattle.
JOS 21 12 aj9s שְׂדֵ֥ה הָ⁠עִ֖יר 1 fields of the city Areas of open land, usually, planted with crops, belonging to and surrounding the city.
JOS 21 12 uz84 חֲצֵרֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 villages Small communities, usually smaller than a town.
JOS 21 13 p1nr translate-names לִבְנָ֖ה 1 Libnah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 14 q8gl translate-names יַתִּר֙…אֶשְׁתְּמֹ֖עַ 1 Jattir … Eshtemoa These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 15 cb4t translate-names חֹלֹן֙…דְּבִ֖ר 1 Holon … Debir These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 16 bx8i translate-names עַ֣יִן…יֻטָּה֙ 1 Ain … Juttah These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 17 e8r4 figs-activepassive וּ⁠מִ⁠מַּטֵּ֣ה בִנְיָמִ֔ן 1 From the tribe of Benjamin were given Gibeon If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Benjamin gave Gibeon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 17 fd6z translate-names אֶת־גֶּ֖בַע 1 Geba This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 18 sk7n translate-names אֶת־עֲנָתוֹת֙…עַלְמ֖וֹן 1 Anathoth … Almon These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 19 ha9f translate-numbers שְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה עָרִ֖ים 1 thirteen cities “13 cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 21 20 lfp9 translate-names וּ⁠לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּח֤וֹת בְּנֵֽי־קְהָת֙ 1 the Kohathite clans The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 20 x8eu figs-activepassive וַֽ⁠יְהִי֙ עָרֵ֣י גֽוֹרָלָ֔⁠ם 1 they had cities given to them If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they received cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 20 tg75 גֽוֹרָלָ֔⁠ם 1 casting of lots A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS 21 21 kz7k translate-names גֶּ֖זֶר 1 Gezer This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 22 tv2m translate-names קִבְצַ֨יִם֙…בֵּ֥ית חוֹרֹ֖ן 1 Kibzaim … Beth Horon names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 22 r4hl translate-numbers עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע 1 four cities in all This refers to the list by the total number. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 21 23 dw9x figs-activepassive וּ⁠מִ⁠מַּ֨טֵּה־דָ֔ן 1 From the tribe of Dan, the clan of Kohath was given Eltekeh If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Dan gave to the clan of Kohath Eltekeh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 23 r7qr translate-names אֶֽת־אֶלְתְּקֵ֖א…גִּבְּת֖וֹן 1 Eltekeh … Gibbethon These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 24 g45w translate-names אֶת־אַיָּלוֹן֙…אֶת־גַּת־רִמּ֖וֹן 1 Aijalon … Gath Rimmon These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 24 g4ma translate-numbers עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע 1 four cities This refers to the number of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 21 25 e6cl figs-activepassive וּ⁠מִֽ⁠מַּחֲצִית֙ מַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה אֶת־תַּעְנַךְ֙ 1 From the half tribe of Manasseh, the clan of Kohath was given Taanach If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The half tribe of Manasseh gave to the clan of Kohath Taanach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 25 yn8h translate-names אֶת־תַּעְנַךְ֙…גַּת־רִמּ֖וֹן 1 Taanach … Gath Rimmon These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 26 hn9j translate-names לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּח֥וֹת בְּנֵֽי־קְהָ֖ת 1 clans of the Kohathites The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 27 knk6 translate-names אֶת־גּוֹלָ֤ן…אֶֽת־בְּעֶשְׁתְּרָ֖ה 1 Golan … Be Eshterah names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 27 bmc9 הָ⁠רֹצֵ֔חַ 1 killed another unintentionally This refers to a death resulting from an action not intended to harm a person.
JOS 21 27 a1zs translate-numbers עָרִ֖ים שְׁתָּֽיִם 1 two cities number of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 21 28 r9hc translate-names אֶת־קִשְׁי֖וֹן…אֶת־דָּֽבְרַ֖ת 1 Kishion … Daberath names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 29 u8z9 translate-names אֶת־יַרְמוּת֙…עֵ֥ין גַּנִּ֖ים 1 Jarmuth … En Gannim names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 30 rbf6 figs-activepassive וּ⁠מִ⁠מַּטֵּ֣ה אָשֵׁ֔ר אֶת־מִשְׁאָ֖ל 1 From the tribe of Asher, they gave Mishal If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They received from the tribe of Asher Mishal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 30 px1s translate-names אֶת־מִשְׁאָ֖ל…אֶת־עַבְדּ֖וֹ 1 Mishal … Abdon names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 31 ziw8 translate-names אֶת־חֶלְקָת֙…רְחֹ֖ב 1 Helkath … Rehob names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 32 h2j8 translate-names חַמֹּ֥ת דֹּאר֙…קַרְתָּ֖ן 1 Hammoth Dor … Kartan These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 33 c7dt translate-numbers שְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה עִ֖יר 1 thirteen cities in all “13 cities in total” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 21 34 yuv3 figs-activepassive וּ⁠לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּח֣וֹת בְּנֵֽי־מְרָרִי֮ הַ⁠לְוִיִּ֣ם הַ⁠נּוֹתָרִים֒ מֵ⁠אֵת֙ מַטֵּ֣ה זְבוּלֻ֔ן אֶֽת־יָקְנְעָ֖ם 1 To the rest of the Levites—the clans of Merari—were given out of the tribe of Zebulun: Jokneam If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: The rest of the Levites—the clans of Merari—received from the tribe of Zebulun Jokneam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 34 ws8g translate-names מְרָרִי֮ 1 Merari This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 34 ng32 translate-names אֶֽת־יָקְנְעָ֖ם…אֶת־קַרְתָּ֖ה 1 Jokneam … Kartah These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 35 ek4f translate-names אֶת־דִּמְנָה֙…אֶֽת־נַהֲלָ֖ל 1 Dimnah … Nahalal names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 36 dh5c translate-names אֶת־בֶּ֖צֶר…וְ⁠אֶת־יַ֖הְצָ⁠ה 1 Bezer … Jahaz names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 37 jbp6 translate-numbers עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע 1 four cities This refers to the total number of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 21 37 e538 translate-names אֶת־קְדֵמוֹת֙…מֵיפָ֖עַת 1 Kedemoth … Mephaath names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 38 r7m5 translate-names אֶת־רָמֹ֥ת…מַחֲנַ֖יִם 1 Ramoth … Mahanaim These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 39 a2l1 translate-names אֶת־חֶשְׁבּוֹן֙…אֶת־יַעְזֵ֖ר 1 Heshbon … Jazer These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 40 x17x translate-numbers עָרִ֖ים שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵֽה 1 twelve cities in all “12 cities in total” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 21 40 q83e figs-activepassive וַ⁠יְהִי֙ גּוֹרָלָ֔⁠ם עָרִ֖ים שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵֽה 1 twelve cities in all were given to them by the casting of lots If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they received these twelve cities by the casting of lots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 40 at28 גּוֹרָלָ֔⁠ם 1 casting of lots A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS 21 41 g7z1 figs-activepassive כֹּ֚ל עָרֵ֣י הַ⁠לְוִיִּ֔ם בְּ⁠ת֖וֹךְ אֲחֻזַּ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 The cities of the Levites taken from the middle of the land If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Levites received their cities from the middle of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 41 z9gj translate-numbers עָרִ֛ים אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּ⁠שְׁמֹנֶ֖ה 1 forty-eight cities “48 cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 21 43 q5na נִשְׁבַּ֖ע 1 he swore Alternate translation: “he gave an oath”
JOS 21 44 t1a4 figs-litotes וְ⁠לֹא־עָ֨מַד אִ֤ישׁ בִּ⁠פְנֵי⁠הֶם֙ מִ⁠כָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵי⁠הֶ֔ם 1 Not one of their enemies could defeat them This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. Alternate translation: “They defeated every one of their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOS 21 44 lg6d figs-metonymy אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵי⁠הֶ֔ם נָתַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה בְּ⁠יָדָֽ⁠ם 1 gave all their enemies into their hand Here “into their hand” means “into their power.” Alternate translation: “gave them power to defeat all their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 21 45 u1ik figs-litotes לֹֽא־נָפַ֣ל דָּבָ֔ר מִ⁠כֹּל֙ הַ⁠דָּבָ֣ר הַ⁠טּ֔וֹב אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 Not one thing among all the good promises that Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel failed to come true This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. Alternate translation: “Every one of the good promises that Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel came true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOS 22 intro l4hr 0 # Joshua 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The division of the land is completed in this chapter. Additionally, the soldiers who received land on the east side of the Jordan River were released to go home.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tribes east of the Jordan River build a monument<br><br>The tribes east of the Jordan River said, “Let us now build an altar, not for burnt offerings nor for any sacrifices, but to be a witness between us and you, and between our generations after us, that we will perform the service of Yahweh before him, with our burnt offerings and with our sacrifices and with our peace offerings, so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, ‘You have no share in Yahweh.’” They went home even though the Israelites had not fully conquered the land.
JOS 22 1 ic3e translate-names לָ⁠רֽאוּבֵנִ֖י 1 Reubenites people of the tribe of Reuben (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 22 1 w3xd translate-names וְ⁠לַ⁠גָּדִ֑י 1 Gadites people of the tribe of Gad (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 22 2 x8l8 figs-metonymy וַ⁠תִּשְׁמְע֣וּ בְ⁠קוֹלִ֔⁠י 1 obeyed my voice Here “my voice” refers to the things that Joshua had said. Alternate translation: “obeyed everything I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 22 3 a89l figs-litotes לֹֽא־עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־אֲחֵי⁠כֶ֗ם 1 You have not deserted your brothers This can be stated in a positive way. Alternate translation: “You have remained with your brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOS 22 5 zh9u figs-metaphor וְ⁠לָ⁠לֶ֧כֶת בְּ⁠כָל־דְּרָכָ֛י⁠ו 1 to walk in all his ways A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if he were walking on Yahweh’s ways or roads. Alternate translation: “to obey everything he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 22 5 r5dh figs-synecdoche בְּ⁠כָל־לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֖ם וּ⁠בְ⁠כָל־נַפְשְׁ⁠כֶֽם 1 with all your heart and with all your soul The terms “heart” and “soul” are here used together to refer to the entire person. Alternate translation: “with all you think and feel” or “with your entire being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 22 7 k89d הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֖ן 1 the Jordan This was a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS 22 8 w4re וּ⁠בְ⁠בַרְזֶ֛ל 1 iron a strong, hard, magnetic metal
JOS 22 8 k79c שְׁלַל 1 plunder The winning army would take everything of value from the people they conquered.
JOS 22 9 cmc4 figs-idiom פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּ⁠יַד־מֹשֶֽׁה 1 the commandment of Yahweh, by the hand of Moses The phrase “by the hand of” is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Moses to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “the commandment that Yahweh told Moses to give to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 22 10 iy3p הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן 1 the Jordan This was a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS 22 11 ww1z figs-metaphor אֶל־מוּל֙ אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן 1 at the front of the land of Canaan The Israelite tribes who lived across the Jordan River would enter Canaan at the place where they built the altar. This place is spoken of as if it was the “front” or “entrance” to Canaan where the other tribes lived. Alternate translation: “at the entrance to the land of Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 22 11 yqa5 translate-names גְּלִילוֹת֙ 1 Geliloth This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 22 12 v3q5 לַ⁠צָּבָֽא 1 war a state of armed conflict between two nations or people groups
JOS 22 13 t232 translate-names אֶלְעָזָ֥ר 1 Eleazar name of man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 22 16 sy2y כֹּ֣ה אָמְר֞וּ כֹּ֣ל׀ עֲדַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה 1 The whole assembly of Yahweh says this All the people of Israel are spoken of together in the singular as if they were one person. Alternate translation: “All the other Israelites are asking”
JOS 22 17 lcv2 figs-rquestion הַ⁠מְעַט־לָ֨⁠נוּ֙ אֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן פְּע֔וֹר אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־הִטַּהַ֨רְנוּ֙ מִמֶּ֔⁠נּוּ עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה 1 Was our sin at Peor not enough for us? This question emphasizes how serious their previous sin was. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We had already sinned terribly at Peor!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 22 17 b18v translate-names פְּע֔וֹר 1 Peor This is name of a place. Translate the same way as in [Joshua 13:20](../13/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 22 17 ie2t figs-litotes אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־הִטַּהַ֨רְנוּ֙ מִמֶּ֔⁠נּוּ 1 we have not even now cleansed ourselves from it This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “we are still dealing with the guilt of that sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOS 22 20 kyw7 translate-names עָכָ֣ן…זֶ֗רַח 1 Achan … Zerah names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 22 20 v3qy figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֣וֹא׀ עָכָ֣ן בֶּן־זֶ֗רַח מָ֤עַל מַ֨עַל֙ בַּ⁠חֵ֔רֶם 1 Did not Achan son of Zerah break faith in the matter of those things that had been reserved for God? Did not wrath fall on all the people of Israel? These questions are used to remind the people of the punishment for past sins. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “Achan son of Zerah sinned by taking things that had been reserved for God. And because of that God punished all the people of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 22 22 x5pm figs-hypo אִם־בְּ⁠מֶ֤רֶד וְ⁠אִם־בְּ⁠מַ֨עַל֙ בַּֽ⁠יהוָ֔ה אַל־תּוֹשִׁיעֵ֖⁠נוּ הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 If it was in rebellion … on this day The three tribes are making a hypothetical statement that they insist is not true. They did not build the altar in rebellion or breach of faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS 22 23 sku4 figs-hypo לִ⁠בְנ֥וֹת לָ֨⁠נוּ֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ לָ⁠שׁ֖וּב מֵ⁠אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְ⁠אִם־לְ⁠הַעֲל֨וֹת עָלָ֜י⁠ו עוֹלָ֣ה וּ⁠מִנְחָ֗ה וְ⁠אִם־לַ⁠עֲשׂ֤וֹת עָלָי⁠ו֙ זִבְחֵ֣י שְׁלָמִ֔ים יְהוָ֖ה ה֥וּא יְבַקֵּֽשׁ 1 If we built … let Yahweh make us pay for it The three tribes are making a hypothetical statement that they insist is not true. They did not build the altar to worship another god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS 22 24 cei9 0 General Information: The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now give their answer.
JOS 22 24 xpn5 figs-hypo יֹאמְר֨וּ בְנֵי⁠כֶ֤ם לְ⁠בָנֵ֨י⁠נוּ֙ לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר מַה־לָּ⁠כֶ֕ם וְ⁠לַֽ⁠יהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 your children might say to our children … God of Israel? This is a hypothetical accusation that the three tribes think the children of the other tribes may make sometime in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS 22 24 qr6z figs-rquestion מַה־לָּ⁠כֶ֕ם וְ⁠לַֽ⁠יהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 What have you to do with Yahweh, the God of Israel? The three tribes use this rhetorical question to emphasize the situation they are trying to avoid. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have nothing to do with Yahweh, the God of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 22 25 qfc4 0 General Information: The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh continue their answer.
JOS 22 25 w2sv figs-hypo וּ⁠גְב֣וּל נָֽתַן־יְ֠הוָה בֵּינֵ֨⁠נוּ וּ⁠בֵינֵי⁠כֶ֜ם בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֤ן וּ⁠בְנֵי־גָד֙ אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן אֵין־לָ⁠כֶ֥ם חֵ֖לֶק בַּֽ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 For Yahweh has made the Jordan … nothing to do with Yahweh This is the continuation of the hypothetical accusation that the three tribes think the children of the other tribes may make sometime in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS 22 25 w3az אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן 1 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS 22 25 iy97 figs-hypo  וְ⁠הִשְׁבִּ֤יתוּ בְנֵי⁠כֶם֙ אֶת־בָּנֵ֔י⁠נוּ לְ⁠בִלְתִּ֖י יְרֹ֥א אֶת־יְהוָֽה 1 So your children might make our children cease to worship Yahweh The three tribes built the altar to avoid this hypothetical situation from happening in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS 22 26 ueg6 0 General Information: The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now give their answer.
JOS 22 27 m97u figs-metaphor עֵ֨ד ה֜וּא בֵּינֵ֣י⁠נוּ וּ⁠בֵינֵי⁠כֶ֗ם 1 to be a witness between us and you The altar is spoken of as if it were a witness that could testify to the rights of the three tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 22 27 gs6k figs-hypo וְ⁠לֹא־יֹאמְר֨וּ בְנֵי⁠כֶ֤ם מָחָר֙ לְ⁠בָנֵ֔י⁠נוּ אֵין־לָ⁠כֶ֥ם חֵ֖לֶק בַּ⁠יהוָֽה 1 so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, “You have no share in Yahweh.” This is the hypothetical situation that the three tribes did not want to happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS 22 27 n3i9 אֵין־לָ⁠כֶ֥ם חֵ֖לֶק 1 no share Alternate translation: “no portion” or “no inheritance”
JOS 22 28 bf3h 0 General Information: The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now finish their answer.
JOS 22 28 kuu5 figs-hypo וְ⁠הָיָ֗ה כִּֽי־יֹאמְר֥וּ אֵלֵ֛י⁠נוּ וְ⁠אֶל־דֹּרֹתֵ֖י⁠נוּ מָחָ֑ר וְ⁠אָמַ֡רְנוּ רְא֣וּ אֶת־תַּבְנִית֩ מִזְבַּ֨ח יְהוָ֜ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֣וּ אֲבוֹתֵ֗י⁠נוּ לֹ֤א לְ⁠עוֹלָה֙ וְ⁠לֹ֣א לְ⁠זֶ֔בַח כִּי־עֵ֣ד ה֔וּא בֵּינֵ֖י⁠נוּ וּ⁠בֵינֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 If this should be said … a witness between us and you.” The three tribes are describing their potential answer to an accusation that might or might not be made at a future time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS 22 29 b4w1 figs-idiom חָלִילָ⁠ה֩ לָּ֨⁠נוּ מִמֶּ֜⁠נּוּ לִ⁠מְרֹ֣ד 1 May it be far from us that we should rebel The unlikely chance that they would rebel is spoken of as if it is something that is a great distance away from them. Alternate translation: “We would certainly not rebel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 22 29 i8y4 figs-metaphor וְ⁠לָ⁠שׁ֤וּב הַ⁠יּוֹם֙ מֵ⁠אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 turn away from following him To stop following Yahweh is spoken of as if they were turning away from him. Alternate translation: “stop following him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 22 30 ysf8 וַ⁠יִּשְׁמַ֞ע…אֶת־הַ֨⁠דְּבָרִ֔ים 1 heard the words Alternate translation: “heard the message”
JOS 22 30 i3xp figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּיטַ֖ב בְּ⁠עֵינֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 was good in their eyes Here “in their eyes” means “in their opinion.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 22 31 ab6h לֹֽא־מְעַלְתֶּ֥ם בַּֽ⁠יהוָ֖ה הַ⁠מַּ֣עַל הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה 1 committed this breach of faith against him Alternate translation: “broken your promise to him”
JOS 22 31 w1fn figs-metonymy הִצַּלְתֶּ֛ם אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִ⁠יַּ֥ד יְהוָֽה 1 you have rescued the people of Israel out of the hand of Yahweh Here “the hand of Yahweh” refers to his punishment. Protecting the people is spoken of as rescuing them from his hand. Alternate translation: “you have kept Yahweh from punishing us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 22 33 pn48 figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּיטַ֣ב הַ⁠דָּבָ֗ר בְּ⁠עֵינֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 Their report was good in the eyes of the people Here “good in the eyes” means “accepted.” Alternate translation: “The people accepted the report of the leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 22 33 h5hk לְ⁠שַׁחֵת֙ אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ 1 destroy the land Alternate translation: “destroy everything in the land”
JOS 22 34 xf56 figs-metaphor עֵ֥ד הוּא֙ בֵּֽינֹתֵ֔י⁠נוּ 1 It is a witness between us The altar is spoken of as if it were a witness that could testify for the three tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 23 intro v3r6 0 # Joshua 23 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Joshua’s final words to Israel (Joshua 23-24)<br><br>“Do not marry with the heathen people but drive them out.” ##### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land because if the Israelites married the Canaanites, the Canaanites would cause them to worship other gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
JOS 23 2 vyz9 figs-doublet זָקַ֔נְתִּי בָּ֖אתִי בַּ⁠יָּמִֽים 1 old and well advanced in years This doublet can be translated as “very old.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOS 23 4 t22f הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֗ן 1 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS 23 4 bf99 מְב֥וֹא הַ⁠שָּֽׁמֶשׁ 1 in the west This indicates the direction of the setting sun.
JOS 23 6 w84i figs-metaphor לְ⁠בִלְתִּ֥י סוּר־מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ יָמִ֥ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹֽאול 1 turning aside from it neither to the right hand nor to the left Disobeying the commands of the law of Moses is spoken of as turning to the right or to the left away from a path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 23 7 mc72 לְ⁠בִלְתִּי־בוֹא֙ בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֣ם הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה 1 you may not mix Possible meanings are 1) having close friendship with them or 2) intermarrying with them.
JOS 23 7 vkw6 תַזְכִּ֨ירוּ֙ 1 mention to speak of
JOS 23 7 wbj7 אֱלֹהֵי⁠הֶ֤ם 1 their gods This refers to the gods of the remaining nations.
JOS 23 8 k6my figs-metaphor בַּ⁠יהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֖ם תִּדְבָּ֑קוּ 1 cling to Yahweh “hold tightly to Yahweh.” Believing in Yahweh is spoken of as if they were holding tightly onto him. Alternate translation: “continue to believe in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 23 8 q6qx עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 to this day Alternate translation: “until the present time”
JOS 23 9 wf3v figs-metonymy לֹא־עָ֤מַד אִישׁ֙ בִּ⁠פְנֵי⁠כֶ֔ם 1 to stand before you Here “stand” represents holding ground in a battle. The word “you” refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 23 10 iar1 אֶחָ֥ד 1 single only one
JOS 23 10 lx1z translate-numbers אָ֑לֶף 1 a thousand “1,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 23 12 i2mf figs-metaphor וּ⁠דְבַקְתֶּם֙ בְּ⁠יֶ֨תֶר֙ הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֣ם הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה 1 cling to the survivors of these nations Accepting the beliefs of these nations is spoken of as holding tightly to them. Alternate translation: “accept the beliefs of the survivors of these nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 23 13 pdx3 figs-doublet לְ⁠פַ֣ח וּ⁠לְ⁠מוֹקֵ֗שׁ 1 a snare and a trap The words “snare” and “trap” mean basically the same thing. Together they speak of the other nations as if they were a deadly trap that will cause trouble for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 23 13 ut82 figs-metaphor וּ⁠לְ⁠שֹׁטֵ֤ט בְּ⁠צִדֵּי⁠כֶם֙ וְ⁠לִ⁠צְנִנִ֣ים בְּ⁠עֵינֵי⁠כֶ֔ם 1 whips on your backs and thorns in your eyes These phrases speak of the troubles these nations will cause Israel as if they were as painful as whips and thorns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 23 14 ba62 figs-euphemism אָנֹכִ֤י הוֹלֵךְ֙ הַ⁠יּ֔וֹם בְּ⁠דֶ֖רֶךְ כָּל־הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ 1 I am going the way of all the earth Joshua uses a polite term to refer to his death. Alternate translation: “I am going to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOS 23 14 x3c7 figs-doublet וִ⁠ידַעְתֶּ֞ם בְּ⁠כָל־לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֣ם וּ⁠בְ⁠כָל־נַפְשְׁ⁠כֶ֗ם 1 know with all your hearts and souls Here the words “hearts” and “souls” have similar meanings. Together they emphasize deep personal knowledge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOS 23 14 vtt2 figs-doublenegatives לֹֽא־נָפַל֩ דָּבָ֨ר אֶחָ֜ד 1 not one word has failed to come true These words emphasize that Yahweh’s promises have all occurred. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “every word has come true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 23 16 xwa3 figs-parallelism וַ⁠עֲבַדְתֶּם֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְ⁠הִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶ֖ם לָ⁠הֶ֑ם 1 worship other gods and bow down to them These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second describes how the people “worship other gods.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 23 16 wz7d figs-metaphor וְ⁠חָרָ֤ה אַף־יְהוָה֙ בָּ⁠כֶ֔ם 1 the anger of Yahweh will be kindled against you “Kindled” here is a metaphor for the beginning of Yahweh’s anger, like a fire is “kindled” or started with “kindling” or very easy to start burning like dried grass or small twigs. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will begin to be angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 24 intro yqa8 0 # Joshua 24 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Joshua’s instructions<br>In this chapter, Joshua gives the leaders and people instructions in preparation for his death. It was common in the Ancient Near East for important leaders to do this. Unfortunately, the people of Israel did not listen to Joshua’s instructions.
JOS 24 1 e4nq figs-metaphor וַ⁠יֶּאֶסֹ֧ף יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶת־כָּל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel Joshua’s summons to the tribes is spoken of as if he gathered them together in a basket. Alternate translation: “Joshua asked all the tribes of Israel to meet with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 24 1 c7pt וַ⁠יִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י 1 presented themselves before Alternate translation: “came and stood in front of” or “came before”
JOS 24 2 tn5x מֵֽ⁠עוֹלָ֔ם 1 long ago Alternate translation: “many years ago”
JOS 24 2 y8s6 כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר 1 This is what Joshua begins to quote what Yahweh had said previously. The quotation continues until the end of verse 13.
JOS 24 2 uke1 translate-names תֶּ֛רַח…נָח֑וֹר 1 Terah … Nahor These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 24 4 z8e8 translate-names שֵׂעִיר֙ 1 Seir This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 24 4 azj7 יָרְד֥וּ 1 went down Egypt was lower in elevation that the land of Canaan. Alternate translation: “traveled”
JOS 24 5 shc6 figs-you הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם 1 brought you out The word “you” is plural and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 24 6 uxu8 figs-you וָֽ⁠אוֹצִ֤יא אֶת־אֲבֽוֹתֵי⁠כֶם֙ 1 brought your ancestors out The word “your” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 24 7 t8kg figs-you וַ⁠יִּצְעֲק֣וּ…בֵּינֵי⁠כֶ֣ם 1 your ancestors … you Yahweh continually alternates between these two phrases, which both refer to all the Israelites, past and present. The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 24 7 rv8q אֶת־הַ⁠יָּם֙ 1 the sea This refers to the Sea of Reeds.
JOS 24 7 gqs1 בַ⁠מִּדְבָּ֖ר 1 in the wilderness an uninhabited area, a desert
JOS 24 8 xwk4 figs-you אֶתְ⁠כֶ֗ם 1 you The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 24 8 ew9g הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן 1 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS 24 8 wu3t figs-metonymy וָ⁠אֶתֵּ֨ן אוֹתָ֤⁠ם בְּ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶם֙ 1 gave them into your hand Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “enabled you to conquer them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 24 9 eb7h translate-names בָּלָ֤ק…צִפּוֹר֙ 1 Balak … Zippor men’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 24 9 l9gd figs-you אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם 1 you The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 24 10 jr3f figs-metonymy וָ⁠אַצִּ֥ל אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם מִ⁠יָּדֽ 1 rescued you out of his hand Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “enabled you to overcome him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 24 11 b324 figs-you וַ⁠תַּעַבְר֣וּ 1 You The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 24 11 jx4u אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֮ 1 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS 24 12 d1wr אֶת־הַ⁠צִּרְעָ֔ה 1 the hornet A small fast flying stinging insect that lives in colonies. Here, many “hornets” are spoken of as only one.
JOS 24 13 qv5z 0 General Information: Joshua finishes quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
JOS 24 15 gei6 figs-metaphor וְ⁠אִם֩ רַ֨ע בְּֽ⁠עֵינֵי⁠כֶ֜ם 1 If it seems wrong in your eyes The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or desire. Alternate translation: “If you do not want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 24 15 bff7 figs-metonymy וּ⁠בֵיתִ֔⁠י 1 my house This represents his family that lives in his house. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 24 17 uf71 figs-pronouns אֹתָ֧⁠נוּ וְ⁠אֶת־אֲבוֹתֵ֛י⁠נוּ 1 us and our ancestors … we The people speak as if they were present with their ancestors, and interchange the words “us” and “we” with “our ancestors.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JOS 24 17 n1g2 figs-idiom מִ⁠בֵּ֣ית עֲבָדִ֑ים 1 house of slavery Here “house” is an idiom that refers to the location of their slavery. Alternate translation: “place where we were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 24 17 v2lc הָֽ⁠עַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָבַ֖רְנוּ 1 nations through whom we passed Alternate translation: “nations that we passed through”
JOS 24 19 in4p הָ⁠עָ֗ם 1 people This refers to the Israelites.
JOS 24 19 di8z אֵֽל־קַנּ֣וֹא ה֔וּא 1 he is a jealous God God wants his people to worship only him.
JOS 24 20 l4yi figs-metaphor וְ⁠שָׁ֨ב…וְ⁠כִלָּ֣ה אֶתְ⁠כֶ֔ם 1 He will consume you Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if he was a fire that would destroy them. Alternate translation: “He will destroy you as with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 24 21 mt8s הָ⁠עָ֖ם 1 people This refers to the Israelites.
JOS 24 23 h48g figs-metaphor וְ⁠הַטּוּ֙ אֶת־לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֔ם אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה 1 turn your heart to Yahweh Deciding to obey Yahweh only is spoken of as turning their heart towards him. Here “heart” represents the whole person. In this case, “heart” is plural because it refers to all the Israelites as a single group. However, it may be best to translate it in the plural since “your” is plural. Alternate translation: “turn yourselves to Yahweh” or “decide to obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 24 24 ut8c הָ⁠עָ֖ם 1 people This refers to the Israelites.
JOS 24 24 yq9g figs-metonymy וּ⁠בְ⁠קוֹל֖⁠וֹ נִשְׁמָֽע 1 We will listen to his voice Here “listen” means to obey. Alternate translation: “We will obey everything he tells us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 24 25 g8by figs-metaphor וַ⁠יָּ֥שֶׂם ל֛⁠וֹ חֹ֥ק וּ⁠מִשְׁפָּ֖ט 1 He put in place decrees and laws Establishing laws is spoken of as if Joshua physically set them in place like monuments. Alternate translation: “He established decrees and laws” or “He gave them laws and decrees to obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 24 26 n7ac בְּ⁠סֵ֖פֶר תּוֹרַ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֑ים 1 the Book of the law of God This appears to be a continuation of the writings of Moses.
JOS 24 26 ct9g וַ⁠יְקִימֶ֣⁠הָ שָּׁ֔ם 1 set it up there Alternate translation: “placed it there”
JOS 24 27 u7ad הָ⁠עָ֗ם 1 people This refers to the Israelites.
JOS 24 27 mkt9 figs-personification הָ⁠אֶ֤בֶן הַ⁠זֹּאת֙ תִּֽהְיֶה־בָּ֣⁠נוּ לְ⁠עֵדָ֔ה כִּֽי־הִ֣יא שָׁמְעָ֗ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־אִמְרֵ֣י 1 this stone will be a testimony … It has heard all the words The stone that Joshua set up is spoken of as if it were a person who heard what was spoken and would be able to testify about what was said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOS 24 27 h23i פֶּֽן־תְּכַחֲשׁ֖וּ⁠ן 1 should you ever Alternate translation: “if you ever”
JOS 24 29 e9uy translate-numbers בֶּן־מֵאָ֥ה וָ⁠עֶ֖שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים 1 110 years old “one hundred and ten years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 24 30 iyt3 translate-names בְּ⁠תִמְנַת־סֶ֖רַח…לְ⁠הַר־גָּֽעַשׁ 1 Timnath Serah … Mount Gaash names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 24 31 gf2q figs-idiom כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ 1 all of Joshua’s days This is an idiom that refers to Joshua’s entire life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 24 31 r7xz הֶאֱרִ֤יכוּ יָמִים֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ 1 outlived Joshua Alternate translation: “lived longer than Joshua”
JOS 24 32 a3ik עַצְמ֣וֹת י֠וֹסֵף…קָבְר֣וּ בִ⁠שְׁכֶם֒ 1 The bones of Joseph … they buried them at Shechem, It may be helpful to change the order of the beginning of this sentence. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel brought the bones of Joseph up out of Egypt and buried them at Shechem”
JOS 24 32 ve2g translate-numbers בְּ⁠מֵאָ֣ה קְשִׂיטָ֑ה 1 one hundred pieces “100 pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 24 33 ur16 translate-names וְ⁠אֶלְעָזָ֥ר 1 Eleazar This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 24 33 rv7j translate-names בְּ⁠גִבְעַת֙ 1 Gibeah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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