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| 1 | Book | Chapter | Verse | ID | SupportReference | OrigQuote | Occurrence | GLQuote | OccurrenceNote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | MAT | 1 | intro | y7kk | 0 | # Matthew 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and Formatting<br><br>### Indentation<br><br>Some translations set a quotation from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this for the quoted material in 1:23.<br><br>### Genealogy<br><br>A genealogy is a list that records a person’s ancestors or descendants. Genealogies were important to the Jewish people because family lineage is how they decided how someone functioned in society. For instance, if someone was a descendant of Aaron, they were able to become priests. Similarly, if someone was a descendant of King David, they were able to become a king. This genealogy shows that Jesus was clearly a descendant of King David, and therefore, was able to become king.<br><br>## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter<br><br>### Use of the passive voice<br><br>Matthew uses the passive voice very purposefully in this chapter to indicate that Mary did not have a sexual relationship with anyone. She became pregnant with Jesus because the Holy Spirit performed a miracle. Many languages do not have a passive voice, so translators in those languages must find other ways to present the same truths. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |||
| 3 | MAT | 1 | 1 | vpg1 | figs-metaphor | Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, υἱοῦ Δαυεὶδ, υἱοῦ Ἀβραάμ | 1 | of Jesus Christ, son of David, son of Abraham | Here, **son** means “descendant.” If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “of Jesus Christ, descendant of King David, who was a descendent of Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 4 | MAT | 1 | 3 | g8y6 | translate-names | 0 | of Perez … Zerah … of Hezron … of Ram | Unless stated otherwise, all of the names in this genealogy are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 5 | MAT | 1 | 5 | q5bd | translate-names | Ῥαχάβ…Ῥούθ | 1 | Boaz became the father of Obed by Ruth | **Rahab** and **Ruth** are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 6 | MAT | 1 | 11 | v2im | Βαβυλῶνος | 1 | to Babylon | Here, **Babylonian** refers to the country of Babylonia, not just the city of Babylon. | |
| 7 | MAT | 1 | 12 | y7cx | μετὰ…τὴν μετοικεσίαν Βαβυλῶνος | 1 | after the deportation to Babylon | Use the same wording you used in [1:11](../01/11.md) for **Babylonian**. | |
| 8 | MAT | 1 | 16 | b3bm | figs-activepassive | Μαρίας, ἐξ ἧς ἐγεννήθη Ἰησοῦς | 1 | of Mary, by whom Jesus was born | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Mary, who gave birth to Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 9 | MAT | 1 | 16 | wdbo | translate-names | Μαρίας | 1 | **Mary** is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 10 | MAT | 1 | 16 | z2rg | figs-activepassive | ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός | 1 | who is called Christ | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom people called Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 11 | MAT | 1 | 17 | z5xw | τῆς μετοικεσίας Βαβυλῶνος | 1 | the deportation to Babylon | Use the same wording you used in [1:11](../01/11.md). | |
| 12 | MAT | 1 | 18 | gnl6 | writing-newevent | τοῦ δὲ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἡ γένεσις οὕτως ἦν | 1 | General Information: | This begins a new part of the story in which the author describes the events leading up to the birth of Jesus. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
| 13 | MAT | 1 | 18 | cqt1 | figs-activepassive | μνηστευθείσης τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ Μαρίας τῷ Ἰωσήφ | 1 | His mother, Mary, having been engaged to marry Joseph | Mary was given by her parents to Joseph to marry him. This was common in their culture. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Mary’s parents promised to Joseph that Mary, Jesus’ mother, would marry him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 14 | MAT | 1 | 18 | xvk1 | figs-euphemism | πρὶν…συνελθεῖν αὐτοὺς | 1 | before they came together | This may refer to Mary and Joseph having sexual relations together. If this would be misunderstood in your language, use a different polite way of referring to this or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “before they had united sexually” or “joined in physical union” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
| 15 | MAT | 1 | 18 | in4a | figs-activepassive | εὑρέθη ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσα | 1 | was found having in the womb | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they realized that she was going to have a baby” or “it became known that she was pregnant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 16 | MAT | 1 | 18 | q6y8 | figs-idiom | εὑρέθη ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσα | 1 | This is an idiom meaning people discovered that she was pregnant. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: (1) “Joseph found out that she was pregnant” or (2), more generally “some people discovered that she was pregnant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 17 | MAT | 1 | 18 | a71d | figs-explicit | ἐκ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου | 1 | by the Holy Spirit | The power of the **Holy Spirit** had caused Mary to have a baby before she had slept with a man. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “through the Holy Spirit allowing her to be pregnant without sleeping with a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 18 | MAT | 1 | 19 | pu3p | grammar-connect-time-background | Ἰωσὴφ δὲ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς, δίκαιος ὢν καὶ μὴ θέλων αὐτὴν δειγματίσαι, ἐβουλήθη λάθρᾳ ἀπολῦσαι αὐτήν | 1 | to divorce her | Mark is providing this background information to help readers understand who Joseph was and what his motives were. Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “Joseph her husband, a righteous man who did not want to embarrass her publicly planned to quietly end their engagement.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) |
| 19 | MAT | 1 | 20 | iip4 | grammar-connect-time-simultaneous | ταῦτα δὲ αὐτοῦ ἐνθυμηθέντος ἰδοὺ, ἄγγελος Κυρίου κατ’ ὄναρ ἐφάνη αὐτῷ | 1 | when he had thought | The angel appeared to Joseph at the same time he was considering divorcing Mary. You can make this clear in your translation with an appropriate connecting word or phrase. Alternate translation: “During the time when Joseph was considering divorcing Mary, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]]) |
| 20 | MAT | 1 | 20 | lc8r | figs-metaphor | υἱὸς Δαυείδ | 1 | son of David | Here, **son** means “descendant.” If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “Descendant of King David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 21 | MAT | 1 | 20 | va5e | figs-activepassive | τὸ…ἐν αὐτῇ γεννηθὲν ἐκ Πνεύματός ἐστιν Ἁγίου | 1 | the one who has been conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit caused Mary to become pregnant with this child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 22 | MAT | 1 | 21 | j38f | grammar-connect-time-background | αὐτὸς γὰρ σώσει τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν | 1 | she will bear a son | **for he will save his people from their sins** is explaining the meaning of the name**Jesus**. In Hebrew, Jesus comes from the word meaning “to save”. Use a natural way in your language for introducing this background information. Alternate translation: “For, just like his name means, he will save his people from their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) |
| 23 | MAT | 1 | 22 | c1vw | figs-activepassive | τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑπὸ Κυρίου διὰ τοῦ προφήτου | 1 | what was spoken by the Lord through the prophet | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what the Lord told the prophet to write long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 24 | MAT | 1 | 22 | p39k | figs-explicit | τοῦ προφήτου | 1 | the prophet | There were many prophets. Matthew was speaking specifically of Isaiah. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the prophet Isaiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 25 | MAT | 1 | 22 | e8ld | writing-quotations | λέγοντος | 1 | In Paul’s culture, **saying** is a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book written by Isaiah the prophet. If your readers would not understand this, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Paul is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “He wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) | |
| 26 | MAT | 1 | 23 | sln1 | translate-names | Ἐμμανουήλ | 1 | Immanuel | **Immanuel** is a male name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 27 | MAT | 1 | 23 | wlft | figs-metaphor | ἰδοὺ | 1 | The term **behold** focuses the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. Though it literally means “look” or “see,” in this case seeing figuratively means giving notice and attention. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am saying to you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 28 | MAT | 1 | 23 | lm6t | grammar-connect-time-background | ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον, μεθ’ ἡμῶν ὁ Θεός | 1 | which is translated, “God with us.” | Matthew is providing this background information to help readers understand what the name **Immanuel** means. Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “This name means, ‘God with us’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) |
| 29 | MAT | 1 | 24 | iue3 | grammar-connect-logic-result | ἐποίησεν ὡς προσέταξεν αὐτῷ ὁ ἄγγελος Κυρίου, καὶ παρέλαβεν τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ | 1 | Connecting Statement: | If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Joseph took Mary as his wife, just as the angel of the Lord commanded Him to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 30 | MAT | 1 | 25 | i7p5 | figs-euphemism | οὐκ ἐγίνωσκεν αὐτὴν | 1 | he did not know her | Mark uses a polite expression to say that they had not engaged in sexual activity. Alternate translation: “He did not have sexual with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
| 31 | MAT | 2 | intro | dz1c | 0 | # Matthew 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in verses 6 and 18, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “Learned men”<br><br>These men were men who studied the stars in the sky to try to learn what the gods were communicating to them. If your readers would not be familiar with this, you can state this explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |||
| 32 | MAT | 2 | 1 | j9yn | grammar-connect-time-sequential | τοῦ δὲ Ἰησοῦ γεννηθέντος ἐν Βηθλέεμ τῆς Ἰουδαίας ἐν ἡμέραις Ἡρῴδου τοῦ βασιλέως, ἰδοὺ, μάγοι ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν παρεγένοντο εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα | 1 | General Information: | **learned men from the east arrived in Jerusalem** comes after **Jesus had been born in Bethlehem of Judea**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could show this relationship by using a fuller phrase. Alternate translation: “Now after Jesus had been born in the city of Bethlehem, which is in Judea, men who studied the stars came to Jerusalem from an eastern country” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) |
| 33 | MAT | 2 | 1 | kf5g | translate-names | Ἡρῴδου | 1 | of Herod | There was more than one man named **Herod**. This refers to **Herod** the Great. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 34 | MAT | 2 | 1 | p6gc | translate-unknown | μάγοι ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν | 1 | learned men from the east | See the note on these men in the Chapter Introduction. Alternate translation: “men who studied the stars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 35 | MAT | 2 | 2 | w3nc | grammar-connect-logic-result | εἴδομεν γὰρ αὐτοῦ τὸν ἀστέρα ἐν τῇ ἀνατολῇ καὶ ἤλθομεν προσκυνῆσαι αὐτῷ | 1 | If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase is the result of the first phrase. Alternate translation: “We have come to worship him, for we saw his star in the sky in the east” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
| 36 | MAT | 2 | 2 | zj7c | figs-explicit | αὐτοῦ τὸν ἀστέρα | 1 | his star | They were not saying that the baby was the owner of the **star**, but rather that this star was directing them to where the child was. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the star that tells about him” or “the star that is associated with his birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 37 | MAT | 2 | 2 | v248 | προσκυνῆσαι | 1 | to worship | This could mean: (1) they intended to **worship** the baby as divine. (2) they wanted to honor him as a human king. If your language has a word that includes both meanings, you should consider using it here. | |
| 38 | MAT | 2 | 3 | qu3d | figs-metonymy | πᾶσα Ἱεροσόλυμα | 1 | all Jerusalem | Here, **Jerusalem** refers to the people who live in Jerusalem. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “all the people in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 39 | MAT | 2 | 3 | b0gt | figs-ellipsis | καὶ πᾶσα Ἱεροσόλυμα μετ’ αὐτοῦ | 1 | Matthew left out some words in this phrase that might be needed in certain languages to make a full sentence. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “And many in Jerusalem were troubled along with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
| 40 | MAT | 2 | 3 | mc1r | figs-hyperbole | πᾶσα Ἱεροσόλυμα | 1 | all Jerusalem | Here, **all** means “many.” Matthew is exaggerating to emphasize how many people were worried. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language. Alternate translation: “many of the people in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 41 | MAT | 2 | 4 | ne4v | figs-quotations | ἐπυνθάνετο παρ’ αὐτῶν ποῦ ὁ Χριστὸς γεννᾶται | 1 | General Information: | If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “He was asking them where the Messiah was supposed to have been born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
| 42 | MAT | 2 | 5 | w68n | figs-ellipsis | ἐν Βηθλέεμ τῆς Ἰουδαίας | 1 | In Bethlehem of Judea | Matthew is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “He is supposed to have been born in Bethlehem, which is in the region of Judea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 43 | MAT | 2 | 5 | z2i4 | figs-activepassive | οὕτως…γέγραπται διὰ τοῦ προφήτου | 1 | thus it has been written through the prophet | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “this is what the prophet wrote long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 44 | MAT | 2 | 5 | o460 | writing-quotations | οὕτως γὰρ γέγραπται διὰ τοῦ προφήτου | 1 | In Matthew’s culture, **for thus it has been written through the prophet** is a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book written by Micah the prophet. If your readers would not understand this, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Matthew is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “according to Micah the prophet, who wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) | |
| 45 | MAT | 2 | 6 | kmw7 | figs-apostrophe | καὶ σύ Βηθλέεμ, γῆ Ἰούδα, οὐδαμῶς ἐλαχίστη εἶ ἐν τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν Ἰούδα; ἐκ σοῦ γὰρ ἐξελεύσεται ἡγούμενος, ὅστις ποιμανεῖ τὸν λαόν μου τὸν Ἰσραήλ | 1 | you, Bethlehem | Micah was speaking to **Bethlehem** as if it was a person. If this is confusing in your language, consider referring to Bethlehem in the third person. Alternate translation: “Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, is by no means the least among the leaders of Judah. For from this region a ruler will come who will shepherd my people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) |
| 46 | MAT | 2 | 6 | c2cl | figs-litotes | οὐδαμῶς ἐλαχίστη εἶ ἐν τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν Ἰούδα | 1 | are by no means the least among the leaders of Judah | If **are by no means the least among the leaders of Judah** is confusing in your language, you can express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “your town is among the most important towns in Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
| 47 | MAT | 2 | 6 | rihn | figs-metonymy | ἐκ σοῦ γὰρ ἐξελεύσεται ἡγούμενος | 1 | When Matthew says **for from you will come out a ruler**, he is talking about from the people who live in Bethlehem. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “from your people a leader will come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 48 | MAT | 2 | 6 | tg5d | figs-metaphor | ὅστις ποιμανεῖ τὸν λαόν μου τὸν Ἰσραήλ | 1 | who will shepherd my people Israel | Micah speaks of this ruler as one who will **shepherd my people Israel**. This means he will lead and care for the people just like a shepherd cares for their animals. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternate translation: “who will lead my people Israel and take care of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 49 | MAT | 2 | 8 | jtw7 | figs-infostructure | καὶ πέμψας αὐτοὺς εἰς Βηθλέεμ εἶπεν, πορευθέντες ἐξετάσατε ἀκριβῶς περὶ τοῦ παιδίου; ἐπὰν δὲ εὕρητε, ἀπαγγείλατέ μοι ὅπως κἀγὼ ἐλθὼν προσκυνήσω αὐτῷ | 1 | might worship him | Herod first says **Having gone, search carefully for the young child, and after you have found him, report to me so that I also, having come, might worship him.** and then he **sent them to Bethlehem**. If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “Herod said to the men who study the stars, “After you leave, search carefully for the young child, and after you have found him, report to me so that I also, having come, might worship him.” Then he sent them to Bethlehem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]]) |
| 50 | MAT | 2 | 11 | q8vp | figs-explicit | πεσόντες προσεκύνησαν αὐτῷ | 1 | In their culture, **falling down, they worshipped him** was something that was done to a king. This shows that they saw Jesus as the true king of the Jews. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “They bowed down and honored the child as they would a king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 51 | MAT | 2 | 11 | r452 | figs-metonymy | τοὺς θησαυροὺς αὐτῶν | 1 | their treasures | Here, **their treasures** refers to the boxes or bags they used to carry their treasures. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the containers that held their treasures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 52 | MAT | 2 | 11 | kidl | figs-explicit | προσήνεγκαν αὐτῷ δῶρα | 1 | In some cultures, gifts are brought when you are meeting someone important to show that you honor them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “They offered him gifts to honor him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 53 | MAT | 2 | 13 | v88f | figs-explicit | ἕως ἂν εἴπω σοι | 1 | until I tell you | If your readers would misunderstand this phrase, you can make the full meaning of this statement explicit. Alternate translation: “until I tell you it is safe to come back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 54 | MAT | 2 | 15 | ft3a | writing-pronouns | ἦν ἐκεῖ | 1 | he was | It is implied that Joseph, Mary, and Jesus remained in Egypt. If this might confuse your readers, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “Joseph, Mary and Jesus were there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
| 55 | MAT | 2 | 15 | we5w | figs-activepassive | ἵνα πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑπὸ Κυρίου διὰ τοῦ προφήτου | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “in order that God might prove true that which he spoke through the prophet Hosea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 56 | MAT | 2 | 15 | s792 | writing-quotations | λέγοντος | 1 | See how you translated **saying** in [1:23](../01/23.md)(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) | |
| 57 | MAT | 2 | 16 | g513 | figs-activepassive | ἐνεπαίχθη ὑπὸ τῶν μάγων | 1 | he had been mocked by the learned men | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the learned men had embarrassed him by tricking him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 58 | MAT | 2 | 16 | d8d5 | figs-explicit | ἀποστείλας, ἀνεῖλεν πάντας τοὺς παῖδας | 1 | having sent forth, he killed all the male children | Herod sent other people to kill the **children**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he gave orders for his soldiers to kill all the boys” or “he sent soldiers there to kill all the boy babies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 59 | MAT | 2 | 17 | l8g5 | figs-activepassive | ἐπληρώθη τὸ ῥηθὲν | 1 | Then was fulfilled | See how your translated this in [2:15](../02/15.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 60 | MAT | 2 | 18 | k91t | figs-activepassive | φωνὴ…ἠκούσθη | 1 | A voice was heard | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People heard a voice” or “People heard a sound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 61 | MAT | 2 | 18 | x062 | figs-doublet | κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὀδυρμὸς πολύς | 1 | These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize that the sound of weeping was very loud. If your language does not use repetition to do this, you could use one phrase and provide emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “much weeping” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
| 62 | MAT | 2 | 18 | zm17 | figs-metonymy | Ῥαχὴλ κλαίουσα τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς, καὶ οὐκ ἤθελεν παρακληθῆναι | 1 | Rachel weeping for her children | **Rachel** lived many years before this time. This prophecy depicts Rachel, who is represented by her descendants weeping over their children. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Rachel are weeping over their children, and no one can comfort them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 63 | MAT | 2 | 18 | rgg1 | figs-activepassive | οὐκ ἤθελεν παρακληθῆναι | 1 | not willing to be comforted | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one could comfort her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 64 | MAT | 2 | 18 | p9ri | figs-euphemism | ὅτι οὐκ εἰσίν | 1 | because they are no more | Here, **they are no more** is a polite way of saying they are dead. If this would be misunderstood in your language, use a different polite way of referring to this or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “because they were dead” or “because the children were gone and would never return” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
| 65 | MAT | 2 | 20 | hz2m | figs-euphemism | οἱ ζητοῦντες τὴν ψυχὴν τοῦ παιδίου | 1 | those who seek the life of the child | Here, **seeking the life of the child** is a way of saying they wanted to kill the child. If this would be misunderstood in your language, use a different polite way of referring to this or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “those who were looking for the child in order to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
| 66 | MAT | 2 | 22 | h4cq | translate-names | Ἀρχέλαος | 1 | Archelaus | **Archelaus** is the name of Herod’s son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 67 | MAT | 2 | 23 | dx5i | figs-activepassive | πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ τῶν προφητῶν | 1 | what had been spoken through the prophets | See how you translated this in [2:15](../02/15.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 68 | MAT | 3 | 1 | xp3z | writing-newevent | δὲ | 1 | General Information: | This is the beginning of a new part of the story where Matthew tells of the ministry of John the Baptist. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Some time while Jesus was still in Galilee” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
| 69 | MAT | 3 | 1 | ifa0 | writing-participants | Ἰωάννης ὁ Βαπτιστὴς | 1 | This introduces John as a new character in the story. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new character. The expression “the Baptizer” identifies him as someone who baptized people in water after they were sorry for their sins. Since he is a new participant, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could call him something like “a man named John, who baptized people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 70 | MAT | 3 | 2 | hvx8 | figs-metonymy | ἤγγικεν…ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν | 1 | the kingdom of the heavens is near | The phrase **the kingdom of the heavens** refers to God ruling as king. **heavens** refers to the place where God rules from. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “our God in heaven will soon show himself to be king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 71 | MAT | 3 | 3 | fl4v | figs-activepassive | οὗτος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ ῥηθεὶς διὰ Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος | 1 | For this is he who was spoken of by Isaiah the prophet, saying | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “For John was the one who Isaiah spoke about when he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 72 | MAT | 3 | 3 | yhe7 | figs-quotesinquotes | ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου; εὐθείας ποιεῖτε τὰς τρίβους αὐτοῦ | 1 | Make ready the way of the Lord … make his paths straight | Here there is a direct quotation inside a direct quotation, as Mark quotes Isaiah who quotes the messenger. If this would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “a voice crying out in the wilderness, telling people to make ready the way of the Lord and to make his paths straight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
| 73 | MAT | 3 | 3 | hxb6 | writing-quotations | φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ | 1 | The voice of one calling out in the wilderness | Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “The voice of someone crying out in the wilderness is heard, saying:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) |
| 74 | MAT | 3 | 3 | s62r | figs-synecdoche | φωνὴ βοῶντος | 1 | Here, a voice figuratively refers to the messenger who uses his voice to cry out. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “people will hear the messenger’s voice as he cries out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 75 | MAT | 3 | 3 | n7lh | figs-parallelism | ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου; εὐθείας ποιεῖτε τὰς τρίβους αὐτοῦ | 1 | **Make ready the way of the Lord** and **make his paths straight** mean the same thing. If this would be confusing in your language, you could combine the two. “Prepare to hear and obey the Lord’s message when he comes”. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 76 | MAT | 3 | 3 | j99i | figs-metaphor | ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου | 1 | Make ready the way of the Lord | Isaiah uses a metaphor here of preparing paths or the way that someone will travel on. If someone prepares a path for another, they make the path walkable. If someone in high authority were coming, they would make sure the roads were clear from any hazards. So this metaphor means that the people should prepare themselves to receive the Lord’s message when he comes. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture or use plain speech. Alternate translation: “Prepare to hear and obey the Lord’s message when he comes” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor) |
| 77 | MAT | 3 | 4 | j647 | writing-background | αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ Ἰωάννης εἶχεν τὸ ἔνδυμα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τριχῶν καμήλου καὶ ζώνην δερματίνην περὶ τὴν ὀσφὺν αὐτοῦ, ἡ δὲ τροφὴ ἦν αὐτοῦ ἀκρίδες καὶ μέλι ἄγριον | 1 | Now this John had his clothing from the hair of a camel and a leather belt around his waist, and his food was locusts and wild honey | The word **Now** is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Matthew gives the reader some background information about what John the Baptist ate, and what he looked like. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
| 78 | MAT | 3 | 4 | su9d | figs-idiom | εἶχεν τὸ ἔνδυμα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τριχῶν καμήλου | 1 | had his clothing from the hair of a camel and a leather belt around his waist | **had his clothing from the hair of a camel** means that he wore clothes made from camels’ hair. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “wore clothing made from the hair of a camel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 79 | MAT | 3 | 4 | wo34 | translate-unknown | καμήλου | 1 | If your readers would not know what a **camel** is, you could include a description in a footnote or use a more general term. Alternate translation: “large, humped animal used for riding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 80 | MAT | 3 | 4 | xgxk | translate-unknown | ἀκρίδες | 1 | If your readers would not know what **locusts** are, you could include a description in a footnote or use a more general term. Alternate translation: “grasshoppers” or “insects” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 81 | MAT | 3 | 5 | j8ke | figs-metonymy | Ἱεροσόλυμα, καὶ πᾶσα ἡ Ἰουδαία, καὶ πᾶσα ἡ περίχωρος τοῦ Ἰορδάνου | 1 | Jerusalem, and all Judea, and all the region around | The words **Jerusalem**, **Judea**, and **the region around the Jordan** are metonyms for the people from those areas. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “people from Jerusalem, Judea, and the region near the Jordan river” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 82 | MAT | 3 | 5 | zys1 | figs-hyperbole | Ἱεροσόλυμα, καὶ πᾶσα ἡ Ἰουδαία, καὶ πᾶσα ἡ περίχωρος | 1 | Jerusalem, and all Judea, and all the region around | The word **all** is an exaggeration to emphasize that very many people went out. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your language that depicts many people. Alternate translation: “very many people from Jerusalem, Judea, and the region near the Jordan river” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 83 | MAT | 3 | 6 | v5xn | figs-activepassive | ἐβαπτίζοντο…ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ | 1 | being baptized by him | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “John baptized them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 84 | MAT | 3 | 7 | fjl3 | figs-metaphor | γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν | 1 | You offspring of vipers, who | Here, **offspring of vipers** means having the characteristic of vipers, which are poisonous snakes. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “You evil poisonous snakes!” or “You are evil like poisonous snakes!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 85 | MAT | 3 | 7 | c4cl | figs-rquestion | τίς ὑπέδειξεν ὑμῖν φυγεῖν ἀπὸ τῆς μελλούσης ὀργῆς? | 1 | who warned you to flee from the coming wrath? | John uses a question to rebuke the Pharisees and Sadducees because they were asking him to baptize them so that God would not punish them, but they did not want to stop sinning. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “you cannot flee from God’s wrath like this.” or “do not think that you can escape God’s wrath just because I baptize you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 86 | MAT | 3 | 7 | h7ac | figs-personification | φυγεῖν ἀπὸ τῆς μελλούσης ὀργῆς | 1 | to flee from the coming wrath | The phrase **coming wrath** is being used to refer to God’s punishment. Wrath itself cannot come, but God is the one who causes it to happen. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “to flee from God’s wrath which he is bringing against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 87 | MAT | 3 | 8 | s8ac | figs-metaphor | ποιήσατε οὖν καρπὸν ἄξιον τῆς μετανοίας | 1 | Therefore produce fruit worthy of repentance | The phrase **produce fruit** is a metaphor referring to a person’s actions. Just as a healthy tree bears good fruit, so should someone who love God do good. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “Let your actions show that you have truly repented” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 88 | MAT | 3 | 9 | anyf | figs-explicit | πατέρα ἔχομεν τὸν Ἀβραάμ | 1 | They would say **We have Abraham {as} father** because they thought being Abraham’s descendants would protect them from God’s judgement. Alternate translation: “Abraham is our ancestor, so God would not punish us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 89 | MAT | 3 | 9 | s4og | figs-metaphor | πατέρα | 1 | Here, the word father figuratively means “ancestor.” If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternate translation: “Abraham is our ancestor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 90 | MAT | 3 | 9 | k843 | figs-hyperbole | δύναται ὁ Θεὸς ἐκ τῶν λίθων τούτων ἐγεῖραι τέκνα τῷ Ἀβραάμ | 1 | God is able to raise up children for Abraham from these stones | John uses an exaggeration here to show that God does not need these Pharisees and Sadducees to fulfill his promises which he made to **Abraham**. If our readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your language that portrays this exaggeration. Alternate translation: “God could make children of Abraham even out of these rocks!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 91 | MAT | 3 | 9 | eedc | figs-metaphor | τέκνα τῷ Ἀβραάμ | 1 | Here, the word children figuratively means “descendants.” If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternate translation: “descendants for Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 92 | MAT | 3 | 10 | d4j5 | figs-activepassive | ἤδη δὲ ἡ ἀξίνη πρὸς τὴν ῥίζαν τῶν δένδρων κεῖται; πᾶν οὖν δένδρον μὴ ποιοῦν καρπὸν καλὸν ἐκκόπτεται καὶ εἰς πῦρ βάλλεται | 1 | But already the ax is placed against the root of the trees. So every tree not producing good fruit is chopped down and is thrown into the fire. | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person who is going to cut down the tree has already placed his ax against the roots. So, he will cut down every tree which does not bear good fruit and throw it into the fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 93 | MAT | 3 | 10 | a8m8 | figs-metaphor | πᾶν οὖν δένδρον μὴ ποιοῦν καρπὸν καλὸν ἐκκόπτεται καὶ εἰς πῦρ βάλλεται | 1 | **every tree not producing good fruit is chopped down and is thrown into the fire** is a figurative way of describing punishment. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternate translation: “God will certainly punish every person who does not repent of their sins and do good deeds to show it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 94 | MAT | 3 | 11 | c1xf | figs-explicit | οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανὸς τὰ ὑποδήματα βαστάσαι | 1 | is mightier than I | **carrying…sandals** was a duty of a slave. John is saying implicitly that the one who is coming will be so great that he is not even worthy to be his slave. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “I am not even worthy to be his slave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 95 | MAT | 3 | 11 | gtm7 | figs-metaphor | αὐτὸς ὑμᾶς βαπτίσει ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ καὶ πυρί | 1 | He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire | John is using literal baptism, which puts a person under water, to speak figuratively of spiritual baptism, which cleanses people from their sin. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternate translation: See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 96 | MAT | 3 | 12 | gcq8 | figs-metaphor | οὗ τὸ πτύον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ | 1 | whose winnowing fork is in his hand, and he will thoroughly clear off his threshing floor | John is saying figuratively that the Messiah will come prepared to judge people right away. You could express this metaphor as a simile in your translation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here in your translation. Alternate translation: “He will already be prepared to judge people, just like a farmer who is ready to thresh grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 97 | MAT | 3 | 12 | sq4p | figs-idiom | οὗ τὸ πτύον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ | 1 | whose winnowing fork is in his hand | Here, **in his hand** means the person is ready to act. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “and Christ is holding a winnowing fork because he is ready” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 98 | MAT | 3 | 12 | b5m4 | translate-unknown | τὸ πτύον | 1 | winnowing fork | A **winnowing fork** is a tool for tossing wheat into the air to separate the wheat grain from the chaff. The heavier grain falls back down, and the wind blows away the unwanted chaff. This tool is similar to a pitchfork. If you have a similar tool in your culture, you can use the word for it here. Otherwise, you can use a phrase that would express the meaning. Alternate translation: “tool for threshing grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 99 | MAT | 3 | 12 | r2ua | translate-unknown | τὴν ἅλωνα αὐτοῦ | 1 | his threshing floor | The **threshing floor** was the place where wheat was stacked in preparation for threshing. To clear off the floor is to finish threshing all the grain. If your readers would not be familiar with this place, you could use the name of a place of similar use in your culture, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “The place where food is prepared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 100 | MAT | 3 | 12 | av8l | figs-metaphor | συνάξει τὸν σῖτον αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν ἀποθήκην…τὸ δὲ ἄχυρον κατακαύσει πυρὶ ἀσβέστῳ | 1 | gather his wheat into the storehouse … he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire | John continues to speak figuratively to describe how the coming Messiah will judge people. The wheat is the part of the crop that is useful. It represents people who are obedient to God, who will be welcomed into his presence. The chaff is the husk that surrounds the grain. It is not useful for anything, so people burn it up.You could express this metaphor as a simile in your translation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He will welcome those who are obedient to God, just as a farmer stores good grain in his barn. But he will punish those who are disobedient to God, just as a farmer burns up the useless chaff” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 101 | MAT | 3 | 13 | vl93 | writing-newevent | τότε | 1 | Connecting Statement: | This introduces a new event that happened some time after the events the story has just related. The story does not say how long after those events this new event happened. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Some time later” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
| 102 | MAT | 3 | 13 | zbj9 | figs-activepassive | βαπτισθῆναι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ | 1 | to be baptized by him | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so John could baptize him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 103 | MAT | 3 | 14 | cl7t | figs-rquestion | ἐγὼ χρείαν ἔχω ὑπὸ σοῦ βαπτισθῆναι, καὶ σὺ ἔρχῃ πρός με? | 1 | I need to be baptized by you, and yet you come to me? | John uses a question to show his surprise at Jesus’ request. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You are more important than I am. I should not baptize you. You should baptize me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 104 | MAT | 3 | 15 | h6ca | figs-exclusive | ἡμῖν | 1 | for us | Here, **us** refers to Jesus and John. Your language may require you to mark these forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 105 | MAT | 3 | 15 | wdcu | figs-idiom | πληρῶσαι πᾶσαν δικαιοσύνην | 1 | **To fulfill all righteousness** means to do everything which God requires someone to do. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “to do everything which God has told us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 106 | MAT | 3 | 16 | inf6 | figs-activepassive | βαπτισθεὶς | 1 | But having been baptized | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “After John baptized Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 107 | MAT | 3 | 16 | jh1v | figs-activepassive | ἀνεῴχθησαν αὐτῷ οἱ οὐρανοί | 1 | the heavens were opened to him | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the sky opened up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 108 | MAT | 3 | 16 | e3na | figs-simile | τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ Θεοῦ καταβαῖνον ὡσεὶ περιστερὰν ἐρχόμενον ἐπ’ αὐτόν | 1 | coming down like a dove | The phrase like a dove could mean: (1) the Spirit looked like a dove as he descended upon Jesus. Alternate translation: “he Spirit come down from heaven, looking like a dove” (2) the Spirit descend upon Jesus as a dove descends from the sky toward the ground. Alternate translation: “The Spirit of God came down from heaven as a dove comes down” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile) |
| 109 | MAT | 3 | 17 | m2wk | figs-personification | φωνὴ ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν λέγουσα | 1 | a voice from the heavens saying | Mark speaks figuratively of this voice as if it were a living thing that could come from heaven to earth. The voice is God’s voice. Alternate translation: “God spoke from heaven and said” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification) |
| 110 | MAT | 3 | 17 | myz8 | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | ὁ Υἱός μου | 1 | my Son | This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 111 | MAT | 4 | intro | hgw2 | 0 | # Matthew 4 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in verses 5 and 16, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The Devil<br><br>The devil, or Satan, is a fallen angel who attacks God's people and tries to get them to turn against God. The devil hates God and all that God created because he wants to take the place of God and be worshiped as God. rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br> | |||
| 112 | MAT | 4 | 1 | k51m | writing-newevent | τότε | 1 | General Information: | This introduces a new event that happened some time after the events the story has just related. The story does not say how long after those events this new event happened. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “After this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
| 113 | MAT | 4 | 1 | aq3s | figs-activepassive | ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀνήχθη…ὑπὸ τοῦ Πνεύματος | 1 | Jesus was led up by the Spirit | If your language does not use the passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the Spirit led Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 114 | MAT | 4 | 1 | wy4b | figs-activepassive | πειρασθῆναι ὑπὸ τοῦ διαβόλου | 1 | to be tempted by the devil | If your language does not use the passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so the devil could tempt Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 115 | MAT | 4 | 2 | cft7 | translate-numbers | ἡμέρας τεσσεράκοντα καὶ νύκτας τεσσεράκοντα | 1 | 40 days and 40 nights | This means he fasted continually with no breaks for a period of 40 days. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 116 | MAT | 4 | 2 | cuu1 | figs-merism | ἡμέρας τεσσεράκοντα καὶ νύκτας τεσσεράκοντα | 1 | Matthew uses **40 days and 40 nights** to express that Jesus fasted for 40 entire days without stoping. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “for 40 whole days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
| 117 | MAT | 4 | 3 | oyws | grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical | εἰ Υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰπὲ ἵνα οἱ λίθοι οὗτοι ἄρτοι γένωνται | 1 | The devil is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, and that the stone will only become bread if Jesus speaks to them as the Son of God. The devil is speaking as if it is uncertain who Jesus is in order to challenge him to do this miracle to prove that he really is the Son of God. If this would be unclear in your language, you can clarify. Alternate translation: “Prove that you are the Son of God by commanding these stones to become bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) | |
| 118 | MAT | 4 | 3 | c1ac | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | Υἱὸς…τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | the Son of God | **Son of God** is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 119 | MAT | 4 | 4 | fd67 | figs-activepassive | γέγραπται | 1 | It is written | If your language does not use the passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moses wrote this in the scriptures long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 120 | MAT | 4 | 4 | sph9 | writing-quotations | γέγραπται | 1 | In Matthew’s culture, **it is written** is a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book written by Moses. If your readers would not understand this, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Jesus is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “as it can be read in the Old Testament” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) | |
| 121 | MAT | 4 | 4 | i33v | οὐκ ἐπ’ ἄρτῳ μόνῳ ζήσεται ὁ ἄνθρωπος | 1 | This can either be (1) a command. Alternate translation: “Man shall not live on bread alone” or (2) a general statement: Alternate translation: “Man does not live on bread alone” | ||
| 122 | MAT | 4 | 4 | d010 | figs-genericnoun | ὁ ἄνθρωπος | 1 | This verse is not speaking about a specific person, but about people in general. If this would be misunderstood in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “A person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
| 123 | MAT | 4 | 4 | xbai | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | ἀλλ’ | 1 | What follows the word **but** here is in contrast to what came before it. People should not only live on food, but also must hear what the Lord is teaching them. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “But also” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) | |
| 124 | MAT | 4 | 4 | jl6f | figs-metaphor | παντὶ ῥήματι ἐκπορευομένῳ διὰ στόματος Θεοῦ | 1 | but by every word that comes through the mouth of God | **coming from the mouth of God** is figurative meaning everything which God has spoken. God does not actually have a mouth for words to come from. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternative translation: “every word which God has spoken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 125 | MAT | 4 | 6 | x2vg | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | Υἱὸς…τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | the Son of God | **Son of God** is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 126 | MAT | 4 | 6 | dnrp | figs-explicit | βάλε σεαυτὸν κάτω | 1 | When Satan tells Jesus to **throw yourself down**, he means from on top of the temple. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “throw yourself down from on top of the high point of the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 127 | MAT | 4 | 6 | x6zc | figs-activepassive | γέγραπται γὰρ | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “For God has written in his word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 128 | MAT | 4 | 6 | fa8l | writing-quotations | γέγραπται | 1 | If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down | Satan is quoting from the book of Psalms. See note on [4:4](../04/4.md) for how you translated this phrase (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) |
| 129 | MAT | 4 | 6 | f1mm | figs-explicit | ἐπὶ χειρῶν ἀροῦσίν σε | 1 | They will lift you up | This verse is saying that God’s angels would catch Jesus if he were to **throw himself down**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “The angels would catch you if you fell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 130 | MAT | 4 | 7 | fn07 | figs-activepassive | πάλιν γέγραπται | 1 | Again it is written | If your language does not use the passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Again, I will tell you what Moses wrote in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 131 | MAT | 4 | 7 | c7t5 | figs-genericnoun | οὐκ ἐκπειράσεις | 1 | You will not test | Here, **You** refers to people in general, and not to a specific person. If this would be misunderstood in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “No one shall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) |
| 132 | MAT | 4 | 8 | d12q | figs-explicit | καὶ τὴν δόξαν αὐτῶν | 1 | Again, the devil | **their glory** is referring to the riches that these nations have. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and the riches which they possessed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 133 | MAT | 4 | 9 | al72 | grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical | ταῦτά σοι πάντα δώσω | 1 | All these things I will give you | Satan is using a hypothetical statement to tempt Jesus. Make sure to make this hypothetical statement explicit in your language. Alternate translation: “If you bow down and worship me, I will give you all of these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) |
| 134 | MAT | 4 | 9 | eas8 | translate-symaction | ἐὰν πεσὼν | 1 | having fallen down | This was a common action to show that a person was worshiping. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “if you show reverence to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
| 135 | MAT | 4 | 10 | k49q | figs-activepassive | γέγραπται γάρ | 1 | For it is written | If your language does not use the passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “For Moses also wrote in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 136 | MAT | 4 | 10 | rig8 | figs-genericnoun | προσκυνήσεις…λατρεύσεις | 1 | You will worship … you will serve | Here, **You** refers to people in general and not to a specific person. If this would be misunderstood in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “Each person shall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) |
| 137 | MAT | 4 | 12 | v7p4 | writing-background | δὲ | 1 | General Information: | This is the beginning of a new part of the story in which Matthew describes the beginning of Jesus’ ministry in Galilee. These verses explain how Jesus came to be in Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
| 138 | MAT | 4 | 12 | d1vi | figs-activepassive | Ἰωάννης παρεδόθη | 1 | John had been arrested | If your language does not use the passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the king had arrested John” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 139 | MAT | 4 | 13 | hpm4 | figs-explicit | ἐν ὁρίοις Ζαβουλὼν καὶ Νεφθαλείμ | 1 | in the territories of Zebulun and Naphtali | **Zebulun** and **Naphtali** are the names of the tribes that lived in these territories many years earlier before foreigners took control of the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 140 | MAT | 4 | 14 | tj7c | figs-activepassive | τὸ ῥηθὲν | 1 | what was spoken | If your language does not use the passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what God said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 141 | MAT | 4 | 15 | egx6 | figs-synecdoche | γῆ Ζαβουλὼν καὶ γῆ Νεφθαλείμ…Γαλιλαία τῶν ἐθνῶν | 1 | The land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali … Galilee of the Gentiles! | Jesus refers figuratively to these places, when he is really referring to the people who live in them. If our readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “You who live in Zebulun and Naphtali” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 142 | MAT | 4 | 15 | se2r | ὁδὸν θαλάσσης | 1 | **the way of the sea** could also be a title referring to a road which ran along the Sea of Galilee. | ||
| 143 | MAT | 4 | 16 | fsl6 | figs-explicit | ὁ λαὸς ὁ καθήμενος ἐν σκοτίᾳ | 1 | **the people** being referred to here are the Jews. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “The Jews, who are sitting in darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 144 | MAT | 4 | 16 | h2xr | figs-metaphor | ὁ λαὸς ὁ καθήμενος ἐν σκοτίᾳ φῶς εἶδεν μέγα…ἐν χώρᾳ καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου, φῶς | 1 | The people who are sitting in darkness have seen a great light | Here, **darkness** and **region and shadow of death** are metaphors for not knowing the truth about God. And **light** is a metaphor for God’s true message that saves people from their sin. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternative translation: “The people sitting in sin have heard the message that God saves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 145 | MAT | 4 | 16 | j6gz | figs-metaphor | ὁ καθήμενος…τοῖς καθημένοις | 1 | **sitting** is a metaphor for living. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternative translation: “who are living…to those living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 146 | MAT | 4 | 16 | nn1r | figs-parallelism | τοῖς καθημένοις ἐν χώρᾳ καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου, φῶς ἀνέτειλεν αὐτοῖς | 1 | to those who are sitting in the region and shadow of death, upon them has a light arisen | **and to those sitting in the region and shadow of death, upon them has a light arisen** has the same meaning as the first part of the sentence. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “Those who are sitting in darkness have seen a great light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 147 | MAT | 4 | 17 | dku3 | figs-metonymy | ἤγγικεν…ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν | 1 | the kingdom of the heavens has come near | See how you translated this in [3:2](../03/02.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 148 | MAT | 4 | 18 | yrx7 | writing-newevent | δὲ | 1 | General Information: | This begins a new story about Jesus’ ministry in Galilee. Here he begins to gather men to be his disciples. The story does not say how long after those events this new event happened. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Some time later” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
| 149 | MAT | 4 | 18 | yfh5 | figs-explicit | βάλλοντας ἀμφίβληστρον εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν | 1 | casting a net into the sea | They were **casting a net** in order to catch fish. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “throwing a net into the water to catch fish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 150 | MAT | 4 | 18 | yyiy | translate-unknown | βάλλοντας ἀμφίβληστρον | 1 | Some cultures use a **net** to catch fish. A net is something which is thrown into the water to trap fish in it. If this would not be understood in your culture, you can use a general phrase. Alternate translation: “fishing in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 151 | MAT | 4 | 18 | qmzo | grammar-connect-time-background | ἦσαν γὰρ ἁλιεῖς | 1 | Mark is providing this background information to help readers understand why they were casting fishing nets. Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “They were doing this because they worked as fishermen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) | |
| 152 | MAT | 4 | 19 | y3zg | figs-idiom | δεῦτε ὀπίσω μου | 1 | Come after me | **Come after me** is an idiom meaning to follow someone and be their student. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “Follow me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 153 | MAT | 4 | 19 | n9h3 | figs-metaphor | ποιήσω ὑμᾶς ἁλιεῖς ἀνθρώπων | 1 | I will make you fishers of men | **I will make you fishers of men** means Simon and Andrew will teach people God’s true message, so others will also follow Jesus. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “I will teach you to gather men to me like you used to gather fish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 154 | MAT | 4 | 21 | utn4 | figs-idiom | ἐκάλεσεν αὐτούς | 1 | he called them | **he called them** is an idiom meaning that he told them to follow him. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “he told them to follow him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 155 | MAT | 4 | 23 | jt3m | figs-metonymy | κηρύσσων τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς βασιλείας | 1 | preaching the gospel of the kingdom | Here, **kingdom** refers to God’s reign as king. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “preaching the good news that God will soon show himself as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 156 | MAT | 4 | 23 | nr8m | figs-merism | πᾶσαν νόσον καὶ πᾶσαν μαλακίαν | 1 | every disease and every sickness | The words **disease** and **sickness** are used here to cover every form of sickness which someone might have. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “every form of sickness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) |
| 157 | MAT | 4 | 23 | ljkd | figs-hyperbole | πᾶσαν νόσον καὶ πᾶσαν μαλακίαν | 1 | **every** here is an exaggeration, and does not mean that he healed every single disease among the people, but rather that he healed many different kinds of diseases. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your language. Alternate translation: “many diseases and many sicknesses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
| 158 | MAT | 4 | 24 | i296 | figs-activepassive | δαιμονιζομένους | 1 | being possessed by demons | If your language does not use the passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom demons controlled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 159 | MAT | 4 | 24 | hwa0 | figs-personification | ἀπῆλθεν ἡ ἀκοὴ αὐτοῦ εἰς ὅλην τὴν Συρίαν | 1 | News itself can not **go out**, but rather, people spread the news about what Jesus was doing. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “people were spreading the news of what Jesus was doing into all of Syria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 160 | MAT | 4 | 24 | unqn | figs-hyperbole | προσήνεγκαν αὐτῷ πάντας τοὺς κακῶς | 1 | **all those having sickness** here is an exaggeration and does not mean that every single person who was sick was brought to him, but rather that many were brought. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your language. Alternate translation: “Those who lived there brought many sick people to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
| 161 | MAT | 4 | 24 | p3nf | translate-unknown | σεληνιαζομένους | 1 | the epileptic | This refers to someone who goes unconscious and their body moves uncontrollably. If your readers would not be familiar with this disease, you could use the name of something like this from your language, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “those who sometimes become unconscious and move uncontrollably” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 162 | MAT | 4 | 24 | qk4c | translate-unknown | καὶ παραλυτικούς | 1 | and the paralytic | A person who is a **paralytic** is someone who is not able to use a large portion of their body due to injury or sickness. If your readers would not be familiar with this sickness, you could use the name of something like this in your language, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “someone who is paralyzed” or “someone who is not able to use a large portion of their body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 163 | MAT | 4 | 25 | i9m7 | translate-names | Δεκαπόλεως | 1 | the Decapolis | This name means “the Ten Towns.” This is the name of a region to the southeast of the Sea of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 164 | MAT | 5 | intro | awz8 | 0 | # Matthew 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Many people call the words in Matthew 5-7 the Sermon on the Mount. This is one long lesson that Jesus taught. Bibles divide this lesson into three chapters, but this can sometimes confuse the reader. If your translation divides the text into sections, be sure that the reader understands that the whole sermon is one large section.<br><br>Matthew 5:3-10, known as the Beatitudes or Blessings, has been set apart by being set farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text, with each line beginning with the word “blessed.” This way of placing the words on the page highlights the poetic form of this teaching.<br><br>Jesus spoke about many different subjects in this sermon, so you may wish to help the reader by putting an empty line into the text whenever Jesus changed the subject.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “His disciples”<br><br>It is possible to refer to anyone who followed Jesus as a follower or disciple. Jesus selected twelve of his followers to become his closest disciples, “the twelve disciples.” They would later become known as the apostles.<br><br>### Generic Noun Phrases<br><br>In this chapter, because Jesus is talking to a very large crowd, he often uses words such as “you”, “those”, “a person”, “someone” or other ways of speaking about people in general. He is not speaking about any particular person. This is a common practice when giving important universal teachers as Jesus is doing here. Express these phrases in a way that is natural in your language for speaking about people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])<br><br>### The Law<br><br>Many times in this chapter, it sounds like Jesus contrasts what the law says with “but I say”. Jesus is not actually contrasting what he says with the law, but is just expanding on the meaning of the law for his listeners, to apply it to their lives. Make sure this is clear to your readers.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### You singular and you plural<br><br>In this chapter, Jesus is talking to a large crowd of his followers. Throughout the chapter, Jesus switches between using you in the singular and you in the plural. In both instances he is talking to the same people. When he is using the singular, he is referring to all of the individuals in the crowd, but is still referring to the crowd as a whole. Your language may require you to use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) | |||
| 165 | MAT | 5 | 1 | c5rq | writing-newevent | δὲ | 1 | Connecting Statement: | This introduces a new event that happened some time after the events the story has just related. The story does not say how long after those events this new event happened. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Some time later” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
| 166 | MAT | 5 | 2 | q9mm | figs-idiom | ἀνοίξας τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ | 1 | having opened his mouth | Here, **having opened his mouth** is an idiom meaning to speak. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “when Jesus began to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 167 | MAT | 5 | 3 | jhdg | figs-idiom | μακάριοι | 1 | The phrase **Blessed {are}** indicates that God is giving favor to people and that their situation is positive or good. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “How good it is for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 168 | MAT | 5 | 3 | o3y4 | figs-nominaladj | οἱ πτωχοὶ | 1 | Jesus is using the adjective **poor** as a noun in order to indicate a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are poor” or “you who are poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 169 | MAT | 5 | 3 | od1c | figs-genericnoun | οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι | 1 | Jesus is referring to people in general in this phrase, not of any particular person. If this would be misunderstood in your language, use a more natural phrase. See the note in the chapter introduction for a longer explanation. Alternate translation: “The people who are poor in spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
| 170 | MAT | 5 | 3 | j7ct | figs-idiom | οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι | 1 | the poor in spirit | The phrase **poor in spirit** refers to someone who is in need of God. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “those who know they need God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 171 | MAT | 5 | 3 | wpi6 | figs-metonymy | ὅτι αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν | 1 | for theirs is the kingdom of the heavens | See how you translated **kingdom of the heavens** in [3:2](../03/02.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 172 | MAT | 5 | 4 | u8s3 | figs-idiom | μακάριοι | 1 | See the note in the previous verse. [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 173 | MAT | 5 | 4 | pgy8 | figs-genericnoun | οἱ πενθοῦντες | 1 | those who mourn | See how you handled this type of phrase in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) |
| 174 | MAT | 5 | 4 | lie5 | figs-activepassive | αὐτοὶ παρακληθήσονται | 1 | they will be comforted | If your language does not use the passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will comfort them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 175 | MAT | 5 | 5 | mvb1 | figs-nominaladj | οἱ πραεῖς | 1 | the meek | Jesus is using the adjective **meek** as a noun in order to indicate a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are humble” or “you who are humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 176 | MAT | 5 | 6 | bi1j | figs-metaphor | οἱ πεινῶντες καὶ διψῶντες τὴν δικαιοσύνην | 1 | those who hunger and thirst for righteousness | **hungering and thirsting for righteousness** describes people who strongly desire to do what is right. Hunger and thirst are the strongest desire a person can have. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “those who desire to live right as much as they desire food and drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 177 | MAT | 5 | 6 | hlq2 | figs-activepassive | αὐτοὶ χορτασθήσονται | 1 | they will be filled | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will fill them” or “God will satisfy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 178 | MAT | 5 | 8 | s9gd | figs-idiom | οἱ καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ | 1 | the pure in heart | Here, **pure in heart** is an idiom for a person’s intentions. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “those who have good intentions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 179 | MAT | 5 | 8 | cr20 | figs-genericnoun | οἱ καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ | 1 | See the note in [5:3](../05/03.md). Alternate translation: “people whose intentions please God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
| 180 | MAT | 5 | 8 | t6ni | figs-idiom | αὐτοὶ τὸν Θεὸν ὄψονται | 1 | they will see God | Here, **they will see God** means they will be able to live in God’s presence, which a person cannot do unless they are in right relationship with him. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “they will live in God’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 181 | MAT | 5 | 9 | tv19 | figs-activepassive | ὅτι αὐτοὶ υἱοὶ Θεοῦ κληθήσονται | 1 | for they will be called sons of God | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for God will call them his children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 182 | MAT | 5 | 10 | bqu7 | figs-activepassive | οἱ δεδιωγμένοι | 1 | those who have been persecuted | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those people whom others treat unfairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 183 | MAT | 5 | 10 | f3li | figs-metonymy | αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν | 1 | theirs is the kingdom of the heavens | See how you translated this in [5:3](../05/03.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 184 | MAT | 5 | 11 | t5kb | figs-you | μακάριοί ἐστε…ὑμᾶς…ὑμῶν | 1 | Blessed are you | The word **you** here, and in the remainder of the chapter, unless otherwise notified, is plural. Jesus is talking to the people in the crowd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 185 | MAT | 5 | 11 | eez3 | figs-explicit | ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ | 1 | for my sake | When Jesus says **because of me**, he means because they are following him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “because you follow me” or “because you believe in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 186 | MAT | 5 | 12 | ssk9 | figs-doublet | χαίρετε καὶ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε | 1 | Rejoice and be very glad | Here, **Rejoice** and **be very glad** mean almost the same thing. Jesus said this to be emphatic. If your language does not use repetition to do this, you could use one phrase and provide emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Be very glad!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 187 | MAT | 5 | 12 | bpwb | figs-metonymy | ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς | 1 | Here, **in the heavens** means with God. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “which you will receive when you are with God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 188 | MAT | 5 | 13 | i3zp | figs-metaphor | ὑμεῖς ἐστε τὸ ἅλας τῆς γῆς; ἐὰν δὲ τὸ ἅλας μωρανθῇ, ἐν τίνι ἁλισθήσεται | 1 | You are the salt of the earth | This could mean: (1) just as **salt** makes food taste good, disciples of Jesus influence the people of the world so that they will be good. Alternate translation: “You are like salt for the people of the world” (2) just as **salt** preserves food, disciples of Jesus keep people from becoming totally corrupt. Alternate translation: “As salt is for food, you are for the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 189 | MAT | 5 | 13 | yoif | figs-rquestion | ἐὰν δὲ τὸ ἅλας μωρανθῇ, ἐν τίνι ἁλισθήσεται? | 1 | with what might it be made salty again? | Jesus uses a question to teach the disciples that God does not use people who don’t care about what he wants. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “A person who stops following God becomes useless to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 190 | MAT | 5 | 13 | e7cz | figs-activepassive | εἰ μὴ βληθὲν ἔξω, καταπατεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων | 1 | except to be thrown out to be trampled by men | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “except for people to throw it out into the road and walk on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 191 | MAT | 5 | 13 | ojrg | grammar-connect-exceptions | εἰς οὐδὲν ἰσχύει ἔτι, εἰ μὴ βληθὲν ἔξω | 1 | Jesus is saying that the only use for the salt is to be trampled upon. If it would appear in your language that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “The salt only useful for being thrown out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]]) | |
| 192 | MAT | 5 | 14 | wgh5 | figs-metaphor | ὑμεῖς ἐστε τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου | 1 | You are the light of the world | Just like a **light** shines in a dark place, Jesus is saying that his disciples will shine with his message in **the world**. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “You are like a light for the people of the world to see God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 193 | MAT | 5 | 14 | bn28 | figs-explicit | οὐ δύναται πόλις κρυβῆναι ἐπάνω ὄρους κειμένη | 1 | A city being set on a hill is not able to be hidden | At night when it is dark, people can see the lights of a city shining from far away, as the city is not blocked by anything being on top of the hill. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “At night, when the lights are most visible, a city on a hill cannot be hidden” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 194 | MAT | 5 | 14 | ny4h | figs-activepassive | οὐ δύναται πόλις κρυβῆναι ἐπάνω ὄρους κειμένη | 1 | A city being set on top of a hill is not able to be hidden | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language.. Alternate translation: “Everyone can see the lights from a city which is up on a hill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 195 | MAT | 5 | 15 | s5sb | figs-genericnoun | οὐδὲ καίουσιν λύχνον | 1 | Neither do they light a lamp | See the note in the chapter introduction. Alternate translation: “People do not light a lamp” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) |
| 196 | MAT | 5 | 15 | c8el | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | ἀλλ’ | 1 | put it under a basket | What follows the words **but rather** here is in contrast to what came before it. Instead of foolishly putting a lamp in a basket, you should put it out to light up the room. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “But” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
| 197 | MAT | 5 | 16 | qhp8 | figs-metaphor | λαμψάτω τὸ φῶς ὑμῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων | 1 | Let your light shine before men | **Let your light shine before men** means a disciple of Jesus should live in such a way that others can learn about God’s truth because of how they live. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “Let your lives be like a light that shines before people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 198 | MAT | 5 | 16 | iiu8 | translate-kinship | τὸν Πατέρα ὑμῶν τὸν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς | 1 | your Father who is in the heavens | God is referred to as our **Father**. He is not our father in that same way as our biological father. That detail is not normally translated, but if your language has a specific word for a man’s father, it would be appropriate to use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]]) |
| 199 | MAT | 5 | 16 | ouqi | figs-metonymy | ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς | 1 | See how you translated **in the heavens** in [5:12](../05/12.md)(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 200 | MAT | 5 | 17 | gg3k | figs-metonymy | τοὺς προφήτας | 1 | the prophets | This refers to what the **prophets** wrote in the scriptures. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. “the writings of the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 201 | MAT | 5 | 17 | re9h | figs-ellipsis | οὐκ ἦλθον καταλῦσαι, ἀλλὰ πληρῶσαι | 1 | Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “I did not come to nullify the law and the prophets, but I came to fulfill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
| 202 | MAT | 5 | 17 | jirt | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | ἀλλὰ | 1 | What follows the word **but** here is in contrast to what came before it. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “But rather” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) | |
| 203 | MAT | 5 | 18 | cv3m | figs-merism | ἕως ἂν παρέλθῃ ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ, ἰῶτα ἓν ἢ μία κερέα οὐ μὴ παρέλθῃ ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου | 1 | until the heaven and the earth may pass away | The phrase **until the heaven and the earth may pass away, one jot or one tittle may certainly not pass away from the law** exaggerates the fact that no part of God’s word will ever pass away. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your language that shows honor. Alternate translation: “Not even the smallest part of God’s word will ever pass away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 204 | MAT | 5 | 18 | ylz6 | figs-explicit | ἰῶτα ἓν ἢ μία κερέα | 1 | one jot or one tittle | The **jot** was the smallest Hebrew letter, and the **tittle** was a small mark that was the difference between two Hebrew letters. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the smallest written letter or the smallest part of a letter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 205 | MAT | 5 | 19 | uxz2 | grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical | ὃς ἐὰν οὖν λύσῃ μίαν τῶν ἐντολῶν τούτων τῶν ἐλαχίστων…ἐλάχιστος κληθήσεται ἐν τῇ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν…ὃς δ’ ἂν ποιήσῃ καὶ διδάξῃ, οὗτος μέγας κληθήσεται ἐν τῇ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν. | 1 | whoever may break | Jesus is using a hypothetical situation to teach the crowd of his disciples the importance of God’s law. Alternate translation: “If one were to nullify even the smallest of these commandments, God would call him the least important in his kingdom…If one were to do and teach the commandments, God would call him great in his kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) |
| 206 | MAT | 5 | 19 | hxl1 | figs-genericnoun | ὃς ἐὰν οὖν λύσῃ…ὃς δ’ ἂν ποιήσῃ | 1 | See the note in the chapter introduction. Alternate translation: “If anyone therefore breaks…if anyone does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
| 207 | MAT | 5 | 19 | dv5c | figs-activepassive | διδάξῃ οὕτως τοὺς ἀνθρώπους…κληθήσεται | 1 | may teach men to do so will be called | If your language does not use the passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “teaches others to do so, God will call that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 208 | MAT | 5 | 19 | bg2v | figs-metonymy | τῇ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν | 1 | least in the kingdom of the heavens | See how you translated this in [3:2](../03/02.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 209 | MAT | 5 | 20 | l3lv | figs-doublenegatives | ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ περισσεύσῃ ὑμῶν ἡ δικαιοσύνη…οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθητε | 1 | that unless your righteousness may abound … you may certainly not enter | If your readers would misunderstand this double negative, you can state it in a positive form. Alternate translation: “that your righteousness must exceed … Pharisees in order to enter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 210 | MAT | 5 | 20 | zqr6 | grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical | ἐὰν μὴ περισσεύσῃ ὑμῶν ἡ δικαιοσύνη πλεῖον…οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθητε εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν τῶν Οὐρανῶν | 1 | Jesus is using a hypothetical situation to teach the disciples about how holy they need to be to enter into the kingdom of heaven. Alternate translation: “If your righteousness does not become much greater…you will never be a part of God’s people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) | |
| 211 | MAT | 5 | 21 | t6k5 | figs-activepassive | ἐρρέθη τοῖς ἀρχαίοις | 1 | it was said to the ancients | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God said through Moses to your ancestors long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 212 | MAT | 5 | 21 | mij2 | figs-explicit | ὃς…ἂν φονεύσῃ, ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει | 1 | Whoever may kill will be held for the judgment | Here, **the judgment** implies that a judge will condemn the person to die. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “A judge will condemn anyone who kills another person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 213 | MAT | 5 | 22 | d5nl | translate-kinship | τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ…τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ | 1 | with his brother | Here, **his brother** refers to a fellow disciple of Jesus, not to a literal brother or a neighbor. If your reader would not understand this, you can make it explicit. Alternate translation: “with another one of my followers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]]) |
| 214 | MAT | 5 | 22 | w721 | translate-transliterate | ῥακά | 1 | Fool … You fool | This is an Aramaic word. Matthew spelled it out using Greek letters so his readers would know how it sounded. In your translation you can spell it the way it sounds in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) |
| 215 | MAT | 5 | 22 | i9r5 | figs-ellipsis | ὃς δ’ ἂν εἴπῃ | 2 | Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “Whoever might say to his brother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
| 216 | MAT | 5 | 23 | chv4 | figs-explicit | ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον | 1 | at the altar | It is implied that this is God’s **altar** at the temple in Jerusalem. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “to God at the altar in the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 217 | MAT | 5 | 24 | z9m5 | figs-activepassive | πρῶτον διαλλάγηθι τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου | 1 | first, be reconciled with your brother | If your language does not use the passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “first, make peace with that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 218 | MAT | 5 | 24 | q08w | grammar-connect-time-sequential | τότε | 1 | The word **then** indicates that only after the two are reconciled can this person offer something upon the altar. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could show this relationship by using a fuller phrase. Alternate translation: “then, once you are brought together again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) | |
| 219 | MAT | 5 | 25 | x4ta | figs-you | ἴσθι εὐνοῶν τῷ ἀντιδίκῳ σου ταχὺ, ἕως ὅτου εἶ μετ’ αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ; μήποτέ σε παραδῷ ὁ ἀντίδικος τῷ κριτῇ, καὶ ὁ κριτὴς τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ, καὶ εἰς φυλακὴν βληθήσῃ | 1 | Be in agreement with your accuser quickly while you are with him on the way, lest your accuser may hand you over to the judge, and the judge to the officer, and you will be thrown into prison | Jesus is talking to a group of people about what they as individuals should or should not do. All occurrences of **you** and **your** in this verse are singular, but in some languages they may need to be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 220 | MAT | 5 | 25 | sr9d | translate-unknown | τῷ ἀντιδίκῳ σου | 1 | with your accuser | An **accuser** is a person who blames someone for doing something wrong. He takes the wrongdoer to court to accuse him before a judge. If your readers would not understand this, you can state it explicitly. Alternate translation: “one who accuses another of doing wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 221 | MAT | 5 | 25 | x1tk | figs-idiom | σε παραδῷ…τῷ κριτῇ | 1 | may hand you over to the judge | Here, **hand you over** means to give someone into the control of someone else. Alternate translation: “will let the judge deal with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 222 | MAT | 5 | 25 | lr2n | figs-explicit | ἕως ὅτου εἶ μετ’ αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ | 1 | Here, **on the way** is referring to the time when they are walking to the place where the judge is. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “while you are walking with him on the road to the court house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 223 | MAT | 5 | 25 | nev9 | figs-idiom | μήποτέ σε παραδῷ ὁ ἀντίδικος τῷ κριτῇ | 1 | Here, **hand you over** means to bring someone to the judge to have the judge deal with them. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “lest your accuser might bring you to the judge and give you to him so that he can judge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 224 | MAT | 5 | 25 | pq6d | figs-ellipsis | ὁ κριτὴς τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ | 1 | the judge to the officer | Here, “hand you over” is implied from the previous phrase. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “and the judge might hand you over to the officer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 225 | MAT | 5 | 25 | gcm5 | translate-unknown | τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ | 1 | to the officer | Here, **the officer** is a person who has authority to carry out the decisions of a judge. Usually this involves bringing people to jail if they have been declared guilty by the judge. Alternate translation: “one who carries out the judge’s orders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 226 | MAT | 5 | 25 | pzh4 | figs-activepassive | εἰς φυλακὴν βληθήσῃ | 1 | you will be thrown into prison | If your language does not use the passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the officer will put you in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 227 | MAT | 5 | 27 | jxg5 | figs-activepassive | ὅτι ἐρρέθη | 1 | that it was said | If your language does not use the passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that God said” or “that Moses said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 228 | MAT | 5 | 28 | glg9 | figs-metonymy | αὐτὴν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ | 1 | everyone who looks on a woman to lust after her has already committed adultery with her in his heart | Here, **heart** Is referring to the inner thoughts and desires of a person. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “with her in his thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 229 | MAT | 5 | 29 | et3n | figs-you | εἰ δὲ ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου ὁ δεξιὸς σκανδαλίζει σε, ἔξελε αὐτὸν καὶ βάλε ἀπὸ σοῦ; συμφέρει γάρ σοι ἵνα ἀπόληται ἓν τῶν μελῶν σου, καὶ μὴ ὅλον τὸ σῶμά σου βληθῇ εἰς Γέενναν | 1 | But if your right eye causes you to stumble, pluck it out and throw it away from you. For it is better for you that one of your members should perish, and your whole body should not be thrown into hell | Jesus is talking to a group of people about what they as individuals should or should not do. All instances of **you** and **your** here are singular, but in some languages they may need to be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 230 | MAT | 5 | 29 | ikp5 | figs-synecdoche | εἰ…ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου ὁ δεξιὸς σκανδαλίζει σε | 1 | if your right eye causes you to stumble | Here, **right eye** refers to both eyes. It was common in Jesus’ time to think the right eye was more important. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “if one of your eyes causes you to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 231 | MAT | 5 | 29 | y0f2 | figs-metaphor | εἰ…ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου ὁ δεξιὸς σκανδαλίζει σε | 1 | if your right eye causes you to stumble | Here, **to stumble** is a metaphor meaning “to sin.” If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternate translation: “if you want to sin because of what you see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 232 | MAT | 5 | 29 | v6jr | figs-hyperbole | ἔξελε αὐτὸν | 1 | pluck it out | This is an exaggerated command for a person to do whatever he needs to do to stop sinning, even if that means removing an eye. If you mention both eyes in this verse, it will be necessary to say “pluck them out” here. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 233 | MAT | 5 | 29 | v1cn | figs-activepassive | καὶ μὴ ὅλον τὸ σῶμά σου βληθῇ εἰς Γέενναν | 1 | and your whole body should not be thrown into hell | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “than for God to throw your whole body into hell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 234 | MAT | 5 | 29 | v687 | figs-metaphor | ἀπόληται ἓν τῶν μελῶν σου | 1 | Here, a **member** is referring to an individual part of the body. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternate translation: “one individual part of your body perish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 235 | MAT | 5 | 30 | wtyk | figs-parallelism | καὶ εἰ ἡ δεξιά σου χεὶρ σκανδαλίζει σε, ἔκκοψον αὐτὴν καὶ βάλε ἀπὸ σοῦ; συμφέρει γάρ σοι ἵνα ἀπόληται ἓν τῶν μελῶν σου, καὶ μὴ ὅλον τὸ σῶμά σου εἰς Γέενναν ἀπέλθῃ | 1 | This verse has the same meaning as the previous verse. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the verses into one. Alternate translation: “If a part of your body causes you to sin against God, you should destroy it. For it is better that one part of your body be destroyed than for God to throw your entire body into Gehenna” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 236 | MAT | 5 | 30 | zx8x | figs-metonymy | εἰ ἡ δεξιά σου χεὶρ σκανδαλίζει σε | 1 | if your right hand causes you to stumble | Here, the **hand** stands for the actions of the whole person. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation “If you do something that causes you to sin, cut it off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 237 | MAT | 5 | 30 | qs74 | figs-hyperbole | ἔκκοψον αὐτὴν καὶ βάλε ἀπὸ σοῦ | 1 | cut it off | This is an exaggerated command for a person to do whatever he needs to do to stop sinning. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your language (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 238 | MAT | 5 | 30 | pdkq | figs-metaphor | ἀπόληται ἓν τῶν μελῶν σου | 1 | See how you translated this word in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 239 | MAT | 5 | 31 | dh23 | figs-activepassive | ἐρρέθη | 1 | it has been said | If your language does not use the passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God also said” or “Moses also said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 240 | MAT | 5 | 32 | j2aq | grammar-connect-exceptions | πᾶς ὁ ἀπολύων τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, παρεκτὸς λόγου πορνείας, ποιεῖ αὐτὴν μοιχευθῆναι | 1 | makes her to commit adultery | If it would appear in your language that Luke was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “A man is only allow to divorce a woman if she has been unfaithful to him with another man. Otherwise, he will cause her to be adulterous ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]]) |
| 241 | MAT | 5 | 32 | zai7 | figs-activepassive | ἀπολελυμένην | 1 | she who has been divorced | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “her after her husband has divorced her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 242 | MAT | 5 | 33 | fk86 | figs-activepassive | ἐρρέθη τοῖς ἀρχαίοις | 1 | it was said to the ancients | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God said to those who lived long ago” or “Moses said to your ancestors long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 243 | MAT | 5 | 33 | tk9y | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | δὲ | 1 | Do not swear a false oath, but carry out your oaths to the Lord. | What follows the word **but** here is in contrast to what came before it. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “But rather” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
| 244 | MAT | 5 | 34 | u7su | figs-metaphor | μήτε ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, ὅτι θρόνος ἐστὶν τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | it is the throne of God | Here, **heaven** is spoken of as **the throne of God** in a figurative way. Heaven is the place where God rules from. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternative translation: “not by the heavens, where God rules from as a throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 245 | MAT | 5 | 35 | e7z8 | translate-unknown | ὑποπόδιόν ἐστιν τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ | 1 | it is the footstool for his feet | Here, **footstool** is used to refer to the earth. If your readers would not know what a footstool is, you can use a general expression. Alternate translation: “something on which God can rest his feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 246 | MAT | 5 | 35 | mvcd | figs-metaphor | ὅτι ὑποπόδιόν ἐστιν τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ | 1 | God does not need **a footstool for his feet**, for he does not have feet. This language is metaphorical, telling the reader that the earth belongs to God. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternative translation: “no longer belong to Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 247 | MAT | 5 | 36 | l9c8 | figs-you | μήτε ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ σου ὀμόσῃς, ὅτι οὐ δύνασαι μίαν τρίχα λευκὴν ποιῆσαι ἢ μέλαιναν | 1 | Neither may you swear by your head, for you are not able to make one hair white or black | Jesus is talking to a group of people about what they as individuals should and should not do. All occurrences of the words **you** and **your** are singular, but you may have to translate them as plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 248 | MAT | 5 | 36 | z5vu | μήτε ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ σου ὀμόσῃς | 1 | may you swear | To **swear by your head** figuratively means to swear by your own authority. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternative translation: “Neither should you swear by your own authority” or “Neither should you swear by your own knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 249 | MAT | 5 | 38 | zar1 | figs-activepassive | ὅτι ἐρρέθη | 1 | that it was said | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that God said” or “that Moses said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 250 | MAT | 5 | 38 | w53l | figs-explicit | ὀφθαλμὸν ἀντὶ ὀφθαλμοῦ καὶ ὀδόντα ἀντὶ ὀδόντος | 1 | An eye in exchange for an eye, and a tooth in exchange for a tooth | This passages is speaking of the punishment of injuring someone’s **eye** or **tooth**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 251 | MAT | 5 | 39 | qrx1 | figs-nominaladj | τῷ πονηρῷ | 1 | the evil person | Jesus is using the adjective **evil** as a noun in order to describe a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “someone who is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 252 | MAT | 5 | 40 | gr2x | figs-you | σοι…σου…τὸ ἱμάτιον | 1 | Jesus is talking to a group of people about what they as individuals should and should not do. All occurrences of **you** and **your** are singular. In some languages they may need to be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 253 | MAT | 5 | 40 | t9f4 | translate-unknown | τὸν χιτῶνά…ἱμάτιον | 1 | coat … cloak | The **coat** was worn close to the body, like a heavy shirt or a sweater. The **cloak**, the more valuable of the two, was worn over the **coat** for warmth and also used as a blanket for warmth at night. If your readers would not be familiar with these, you can state what these things are explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 254 | MAT | 5 | 41 | i867 | figs-explicit | ὅστις | 1 | whoever | The context implies that he is speaking about a Roman soldier. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “If a soldier of the Roman army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 255 | MAT | 5 | 41 | i86s | figs-explicit | μίλιον ἕν | 1 | one mile | Here, **one mile** refers to the Roman mile, which was 1,000 paces, This was the distance a Roman soldier could legally force someone to carry something for him. If **mile** is confusing, it can be translated literally. Alternate translation: “1000 paces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 256 | MAT | 5 | 41 | zv6i | figs-ellipsis | ὕπαγε μετ’ αὐτοῦ δύο | 1 | go with him two | Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “go with him two miles” or “go with him 2000 paces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 257 | MAT | 5 | 43 | cyz3 | figs-you | ἠκούσατε…σου…σου | 1 | Jesus is talking to a group of people about what they as individuals should and should not do. The **You** is plural in **You have heard**. The verb **Love** and both instances of **your** are singular, but in some languages they may need to be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 258 | MAT | 5 | 43 | fp6x | figs-activepassive | ὅτι ἐρρέθη | 1 | that it was said | See how you translated this in [5:27](../05/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 259 | MAT | 5 | 43 | tqj3 | figs-genericnoun | τὸν πλησίον σου | 1 | your neighbor | Here the word **neighbor** does not refer to a specific neighbor, but to any members of one’s community or people group. These are people whom one usually desires to treat kindly or at least believes he ought to treat kindly. Alternate translation: “your countrymen” or “those who belong to your people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) |
| 260 | MAT | 5 | 45 | my3d | translate-kinship | γένησθε υἱοὶ τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν | 1 | you may be sons of your Father | We are not God’s physical children, but his spiritual children. It is best to translate **sons** with the same word your language would naturally use to refer to human sons or children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]]) |
| 261 | MAT | 5 | 45 | jzu9 | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | Πατρὸς ὑμῶν | 1 | of your Father | **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 262 | MAT | 5 | 45 | syjz | figs-metonymy | ἐν οὐρανοῖς | 1 | See how you translated **in the heavens** in [5:12](../05/12.md)(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 263 | MAT | 5 | 45 | qj7n | figs-metonymy | τὸν ἥλιον αὐτοῦ ἀνατέλλει ἐπὶ πονηροὺς καὶ ἀγαθοὺς, καὶ βρέχει ἐπὶ δικαίους καὶ ἀδίκους | 1 | Here, **he makes his sun to rise** and **he sends rain on** are figurative for sending blessings, as sun and rain help crops to grow. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “God gives blessing to both those who are right with him and those who are not right with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 264 | MAT | 5 | 46 | se4k | figs-rquestion | τίνα μισθὸν ἔχετε? | 1 | what reward do you have? | Jesus uses this question to teach the people that loving those who love them is not something special that God will reward them for. This is because it is easy to love those who love you back. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “you will get no reward.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 265 | MAT | 5 | 46 | cb77 | figs-rquestion | οὐχὶ καὶ οἱ τελῶναι τὸ αὐτὸ ποιοῦσιν? | 1 | Do not even the tax collectors do the same thing? | Jesus asks this question to show that even people who are considered to be the most evil do this. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Even the tax collectors do the same thing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 266 | MAT | 5 | 47 | ba6e | figs-rquestion | τί περισσὸν ποιεῖτε? οὐχὶ καὶ οἱ ἐθνικοὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ποιοῦσιν | 1 | what do you do more? | Jesus asks these questions to teach his followers that they are no better than the Gentiles if they do not welcome people who are not like them. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “you do not do anything better than those who do not know God. For the Gentiles do this very thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 267 | MAT | 5 | 48 | l6pa | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | Πατὴρ | 1 | Father | **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 268 | MAT | 6 | intro | jrj2 | 0 | # Matthew 6 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Matthew 6 continues Jesus’ extended teaching known as “The Sermon on the Mount.”<br><br>You may wish to set apart the prayer in 6:9-11 by placing it farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.<br><br>Jesus spoke about many different subjects in this sermon, so you may wish to help the reader by putting an empty line into the text whenever Jesus changed the subject.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### You singular and you plural<br><br>In this chapter, as in the last chapter, Jesus is talking to a large crowd of his followers. Throughout the chapter, Jesus switches between using you in the singular and you in the plural. In both instances he is talking to the same people. When he is using the singular, he is referring to all of the individuals in the crowd, but is still referring to the crowd as a whole. Your language may require you to use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) | |||
| 269 | MAT | 6 | 1 | zvn1 | figs-you | ὑμῶν…μὴ ποιεῖν…οὐκ ἔχετε…ὑμῶν | 1 | Jesus is talking to a group of people about what they as individuals should and should not do. All occurrences of **you** and **your** are plural in this chapter unless otherwise noted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 270 | MAT | 6 | 1 | bgc7 | figs-explicit | ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων, πρὸς τὸ θεαθῆναι αὐτοῖς | 1 | before men to be seen by them | It is implied that those who see this person will honor him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “in front of people to be seen by them so they will give you honor for what you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 271 | MAT | 6 | 1 | vvm4 | figs-activepassive | ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων, πρὸς τὸ θεαθῆναι αὐτοῖς | 1 | before men to be seen by them | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “in front of people just so that they can see you and honor you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 272 | MAT | 6 | 1 | p335 | figs-gendernotations | ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων | 1 | Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) | |
| 273 | MAT | 6 | 1 | juj5 | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | τῷ Πατρὶ | 1 | Father | **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 274 | MAT | 6 | 1 | x9wq | figs-metonymy | ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς | 1 | See how you translated this in [5:16](../05/16.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 275 | MAT | 6 | 2 | d8kw | figs-metaphor | μὴ σαλπίσῃς ἔμπροσθέν σου | 1 | do not sound a trumpet before yourself | Here, **do not sound a trumpet** could mean (1) that they should not blow an actual trumpet when they go to give, or (2) **do not blow your trumpet** is figurative for bringing attention to yourself. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “do not bring much attention to yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 276 | MAT | 6 | 2 | bc9b | figs-genericnoun | οἱ ὑποκριταὶ | 1 | **hypocrites** is a generic noun phrase. This is not referring to a specific person, but to people who behave this way in general. If this would be misunderstood in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “people who act in a hypocritical way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
| 277 | MAT | 6 | 2 | dk6u | figs-activepassive | ὅπως δοξασθῶσιν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων | 1 | Truly I say to you | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “in order that people might honor them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 278 | MAT | 6 | 2 | q6dq | figs-irony | ἀπέχουσιν τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν | 1 | Often times, to **have** a **reward** is a positive thing. Here, Jesus means it in a negative way that their reward is not with God. If this would be misunderstood in your language, consider expressing the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “their reward is not with God in the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) | |
| 279 | MAT | 6 | 3 | z4c1 | figs-yousingular | σοῦ…σου…σου | 1 | All occurrences of **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. You might need to translate these as plural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) | |
| 280 | MAT | 6 | 3 | vca2 | figs-metaphor | μὴ γνώτω ἡ ἀριστερά σου τί ποιεῖ ἡ δεξιά σου | 1 | do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing | This phrase is a metaphor for total secrecy. Just as hands usually work together and each can be said to **know** what the other is **doing** at all times, you should not let even those closest to you know when you are giving to the poor. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 281 | MAT | 6 | 5 | m54u | figs-you | προσεύχῃ…ὑμῖν | 1 | Jesus is talking to a group of people about what they as individuals should and should not do. The first occurrence of **you** is singular and second is plural. In some languages they both may need to be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 282 | MAT | 6 | 5 | d6t7 | figs-genericnoun | οἱ ὑποκριταί | 1 | See the note in [5:2](../05/02.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
| 283 | MAT | 6 | 5 | rzpj | figs-activepassive | ὅπως φανῶσιν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις | 1 | so that they may be seen by men | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that people will see them and give them honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 284 | MAT | 6 | 5 | ub7u | figs-gendernotations | τοῖς ἀνθρώποις | 1 | Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “by people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) | |
| 285 | MAT | 6 | 6 | dqv4 | translate-unknown | εἴσελθε εἰς τὸ ταμεῖόν σου | 1 | enter into your inner chamber, and having shut your door | The **inner chamber** was a small, private room where people stored belongings, as well as food for their animals. If your readers would not understand this, you can state it plainly. Alternate translation: “go into your private storage room” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 286 | MAT | 6 | 6 | kkn7 | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | τῷ Πατρί σου | 1 | to your Father | **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 287 | MAT | 6 | 7 | z0v4 | figs-genericnoun | οἱ ἐθνικοί | 1 | If this would be misunderstood in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “Consider fig trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | Jesus is speaking of **Gentiles** in general, and not to any specific gentiles. If this would be misunderstood in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “Gentile people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) |
| 288 | MAT | 6 | 7 | a8ai | figs-activepassive | εἰσακουσθήσονται | 1 | they will be heard | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “their false gods will hear them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 289 | MAT | 6 | 8 | wdj6 | figs-explicit | μὴ οὖν ὁμοιωθῆτε αὐτοῖς | 1 | When Jesus says to **not be like them**, he means in the way they pray. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Therefore, you should not pray like them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 290 | MAT | 6 | 8 | nv9i | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | ὁ Πατὴρ | 1 | Father | **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 291 | MAT | 6 | 9 | mq4x | figs-metonymy | ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου | 1 | let your name be sanctified | Here, **your name** refers to God himself. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “make everyone honor you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 292 | MAT | 6 | 9 | sxsy | figs-explicit | οὕτως οὖν προσεύχεσθε ὑμεῖς | 1 | Jesus was not saying that this was the only way to pray. He was giving an example of how one should pray. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Therefore, instead of babbling like the Gentiles, you should pray similar to this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 293 | MAT | 6 | 9 | sc3d | figs-metonymy | ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς | 1 | See how you translated **who is in the heavens** in [5:16](../05/16.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 294 | MAT | 6 | 9 | knx7 | figs-activepassive | ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “make people glory your name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 295 | MAT | 6 | 9 | tqm4 | figs-metonymy | ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου | 1 | Here, **your name** refers to God himself. The name of something is very closely associated with who it belongs to. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “May people honor you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 296 | MAT | 6 | 10 | n67c | figs-metonymy | ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου | 1 | Let your kingdom come | See how your translated **kingdom** in [3:2](../03/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 297 | MAT | 6 | 10 | pdc5 | figs-activepassive | γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου, ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς | 1 | Let your will also be done on earth as it is in heaven | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “May everything on earth happen in accordance with your will just as everything in heaven does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 298 | MAT | 6 | 11 | dft8 | figs-synecdoche | τὸν ἄρτον…τὸν ἐπιούσιον | 1 | daily bread | Here, **bread** refers to food in general. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “something he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 299 | MAT | 6 | 12 | yi9s | figs-metaphor | τὰ ὀφειλήματα…τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν | 1 | debts | A **debt** is what one person owes another person. A **debtor** is a person who owes a debt to another person. This is a metaphor for those who have sinned against another person. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternative translation: “sins…those who sin against us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 300 | MAT | 6 | 13 | l8u6 | figs-abstractnouns | μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν | 1 | do not bring us into temptation | If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **temptation**, you can express it as a verb. Alternate translation: “do not let anything tempt us” or “do not let anything cause us to desire to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 301 | MAT | 6 | 13 | r6v6 | figs-abstractnouns | ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ | 1 | Here, **evil one** could also mean evil. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of evil, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “protect us from doing evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 302 | MAT | 6 | 14 | xvfv | figs-gendernotations | τοῖς ἀνθρώποις | 1 | Although the term **brother** is masculine, Jesus is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) | Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 303 | MAT | 6 | 14 | z79a | figs-abstractnouns | τὰ παραπτώματα αὐτῶν | 1 | their trespasses | If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **trespasses**, you can express it as a verb. Alternate translation: “when they trespass against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 304 | MAT | 6 | 14 | v7ne | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | ὁ Πατὴρ | 1 | Father | **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 305 | MAT | 6 | 15 | pi3z | figs-abstractnouns | τὰ παραπτώματα ὑμῶν | 1 | those of men … your trespasses | See how you translated trespasses in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 306 | MAT | 6 | 15 | lk8a | figs-gendernotations | τοῖς ἀνθρώποις | 1 | Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “those people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) | |
| 307 | MAT | 6 | 16 | xv6b | figs-explicit | ἀφανίζουσιν…τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν | 1 | they disfigure their faces | The hypocrites would not wash **their faces**. They did this purposely to draw attention to themselves so that people would see them and give them honor for fasting. If someone was fasting, it would be obvious from their appearance. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “they…make it obvious to others that they are fasting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 308 | MAT | 6 | 16 | ix6h | figs-irony | ἀπέχουσιν τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν | 1 | Truly I say to you | See how you translated **they have their reward in full** in [6:2](../06/02.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) |
| 309 | MAT | 6 | 17 | c20j | figs-yousingular | σὺ…σου…σου | 1 | Jesus is talking to a group of people about what they as individuals should or should not do. All occurrences of **you** and **your** are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) | |
| 310 | MAT | 6 | 17 | k283 | figs-explicit | ἄλειψαί σου τὴν κεφαλὴν καὶ τὸ πρόσωπόν σου νίψαι | 1 | anoint your head | Here, to **anoint** the **head** and to **wash** the **face** is to take normal care of one’s self. This gives the appearance that you are living life as normal. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “make yourself appear as though you weren't fasting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 311 | MAT | 6 | 18 | m56a | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | τῷ Πατρί σου | 1 | to your Father | **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 312 | MAT | 6 | 18 | tby8 | ὁ βλέπων ἐν τῷ κρυφαίῳ | 1 | who sees in secret | See how you translated this in [6:6](../06/06.md). Alternate translation: “who sees what you do in private” | |
| 313 | MAT | 6 | 19 | tqc9 | translate-unknown | σὴς | 1 | moth | A **moth** is a small, flying insect that destroys cloth by eating it. If it would not be known in your language, you can use a general term for moth. Alternate translation: “flying insects eat your belongings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 314 | MAT | 6 | 19 | enl6 | translate-unknown | βρῶσις | 1 | rust | Here, **rust** is a term referring to something that deteriorates metal. If this would not be known in your language, you can use a general expression. Alternate translation: “something which destroys metal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 315 | MAT | 6 | 20 | v5tn | figs-metaphor | θησαυρίζετε…ὑμῖν θησαυροὺς ἐν οὐρανῷ | 1 | store up for yourselves treasures in heaven | This is a metaphor that means do good things on earth so God will reward you in **heaven**. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternative translation “do good things and obey God, so that he will reward you in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 316 | MAT | 6 | 21 | y55l | figs-metaphor | ὅπου γάρ ἐστιν ὁ θησαυρός σου | 1 | Here, **treasure** is figurative for the things people value the most in life. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternative translation: “For what you value most in life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 317 | MAT | 6 | 21 | b74q | figs-metaphor | ἐκεῖ ἔσται καὶ ἡ καρδία σου | 1 | there will your heart be also | Here, **heart** means a person’s thoughts and interests. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternative translation: “there your desires will also be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 318 | MAT | 6 | 22 | g215 | figs-yousingular | σου…σου | 1 | Jesus is talking to a group of people about what they as individuals should or should not do. Both instances of **your** are all singular, but in some languages they may need to be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) | |
| 319 | MAT | 6 | 22 | sbl1 | figs-metaphor | ὁ λύχνος τοῦ σώματός ἐστιν ὁ ὀφθαλμός | 1 | The eye is the lamp of the body … is full of light | The eye is a lamp in a figurative sense. It is not a source of light, but a channel of light. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “Your eye lets light into your body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 320 | MAT | 6 | 22 | hvrq | figs-exmetaphor | ἐὰν οὖν ᾖ ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου ἁπλοῦς, ὅλον τὸ σῶμά σου φωτεινὸν ἔσται | 1 | Jesus is drawing an extended comparison between physical vision and spiritual receptivity. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the comparison. Alternate translation: “When your eye is healthy, it lets light into your whole body. In the same way, if you are willing to obey God, you will understand and live by his message for every part of your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) | |
| 321 | MAT | 6 | 23 | dl86 | figs-exmetaphor | ἐὰν δὲ ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου πονηρὸς ᾖ, ὅλον τὸ σῶμά σου σκοτεινὸν ἔσται. εἰ οὖν τὸ φῶς τὸ ἐν σοὶ σκότος, ἐστίν τὸ σκότος πόσον | 1 | But if your eye … how great is that darkness | Jesus continues to draw an extended comparison between physical vision and spiritual receptivity. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the comparison. Alternate translation: “But when your eye is unhealthy, it does not let light into any of your body. In the same way, if you are not willing to obey God, you will not understand and live by his message for any part of your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) |
| 322 | MAT | 6 | 24 | z5ol | figs-genericnoun | οὐδεὶς | 1 | Jesus is speaking of people in general, not of one particular person. If your readers would misunderstand this, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “No person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
| 323 | MAT | 6 | 24 | ijn3 | figs-parallelism | ἢ γὰρ τὸν ἕνα μισήσει καὶ τὸν ἕτερον ἀγαπήσει, ἢ ἑνὸς ἀνθέξεται καὶ τοῦ ἑτέρου καταφρονήσει | 1 | for either he will hate the one and love the other, or else he will be devoted to one and will despise the other | Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that a person cannot love and be devoted both to God and money at the same time. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “For he will obey one of them and disobey the other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 324 | MAT | 6 | 24 | zt2u | figs-personification | οὐ δύνασθε Θεῷ δουλεύειν καὶ μαμωνᾷ | 1 | You are not able to serve God and wealth | Here, **money** is spoken of figuratively as though it were a person who someone could serve. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “You are not able to serve God and completely desire riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 325 | MAT | 6 | 25 | s5uy | figs-you | ὑμῖν…ὑμῶν…φάγητε…πίητε…ὑμῶν…ἐνδύσησθε | 1 | Here the instances of **you** and **your** are all plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 326 | MAT | 6 | 25 | nt96 | figs-rquestion | οὐχὶ ἡ ψυχὴ πλεῖόν ἐστι τῆς τροφῆς, καὶ τὸ σῶμα τοῦ ἐνδύματος? | 1 | Is not life more than food, and the body more than clothing? | Jesus uses a question to teach the people about what is important in life. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Life is much more than just food, and the body is much more than just what you wear!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 327 | MAT | 6 | 26 | a9w6 | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | ὁ Πατὴρ | 1 | Father | **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 328 | MAT | 6 | 26 | nbm5 | figs-rquestion | οὐχ ὑμεῖς μᾶλλον διαφέρετε αὐτῶν? | 1 | Are you not more valuable than them? | Jesus uses a question to teach the people about the value of human beings compared to animals. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You are much more valuable than the birds of the sky!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 329 | MAT | 6 | 27 | cm6a | figs-you | ὑμῶν | 1 | Jesus is talking to a group of people about what they as individuals should or should not do. Here, **you**is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 330 | MAT | 6 | 27 | fr8g | figs-metaphor | τίς δὲ ἐξ ὑμῶν μεριμνῶν δύναται προσθεῖναι ἐπὶ τὴν ἡλικίαν αὐτοῦ πῆχυν ἕνα? | 1 | But which one from you, being anxious, are able to add one cubit to his lifespan? | Here to **add one cubit to his lifespan** is a metaphor for adding time to how long a person will live. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “Who among you is able to add time to his life by being anxious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 331 | MAT | 6 | 27 | ivmg | figs-rquestion | τίς δὲ ἐξ ὑμῶν μεριμνῶν δύναται προσθεῖναι ἐπὶ τὴν ἡλικίαν αὐτοῦ πῆχυν ἕνα? | 1 | But which one from you, being anxious, are able to add one cubit to his lifespan? | Jesus uses this question to emphasize that they cannot lengthen their lives. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “None of you can, just by worrying, add years to your life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 332 | MAT | 6 | 27 | kub4 | translate-bdistance | πῆχυν ἕνα | 1 | one cubit | A **cubit** is a measure of a little less than half a meter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) |
| 333 | MAT | 6 | 28 | erj8 | figs-rquestion | περὶ ἐνδύματος τί μεριμνᾶτε? | 1 | why are you anxious about clothing? | Jesus uses a question to teach the people why they should not be anxious. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “you should not be worried about what you will wear.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 334 | MAT | 6 | 28 | him2 | figs-personification | οὐ κοπιῶσιν οὐδὲ νήθουσιν | 1 | the lilies of the field, how they grow. They do not toil, nor do they spin cloth | Jesus speaks about the lilies as if they were people who were able to **toil** and **spin cloth**. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “They do not work and spin cloth like people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 335 | MAT | 6 | 28 | t16l | translate-unknown | κρίνα | 1 | lilies | A lily is a kind of wild flower. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 336 | MAT | 6 | 29 | u7fd | figs-metaphor | οὐδὲ Σολομὼν ἐν πάσῃ τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ περιεβάλετο ὡς ἓν τούτων | 1 | not even Solomon in all his glory was clothed like one of these | The lilies being **clothed** is a metaphor for the plants having beautiful and colorful flowers. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “not even Solomon with all of his riches looked as majestic as a lily of the field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 337 | MAT | 6 | 29 | sqg8 | figs-activepassive | περιεβάλετο ὡς ἓν τούτων | 1 | was clothed like one of these | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “did not wear clothes that are as beautiful as these lilies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 338 | MAT | 6 | 30 | xykl | figs-metaphor | τὸν χόρτον τοῦ ἀγροῦ…οὕτως ἀμφιέννυσιν | 1 | thus clothes the grass of the field | The lilies being clothed is a metaphor for the plants having beautiful and colorful flowers. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 339 | MAT | 6 | 30 | uf36 | χόρτον | 1 | grass | If your language has a word that includes **grass** and the word you used for “lilies” in the previous verse, you can use it here. | |
| 340 | MAT | 6 | 30 | m23l | figs-activepassive | εἰς κλίβανον βαλλόμενον | 1 | is thrown into the oven | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone throws it into a fire” or “someone burns it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 341 | MAT | 6 | 30 | ym2c | figs-ellipsis | οὐ πολλῷ μᾶλλον | 1 | will he not much more | The verb “clothe” is implied from the previous sentence. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 342 | MAT | 6 | 30 | cd8w | figs-rquestion | οὐ πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὑμᾶς, ὀλιγόπιστοι? | 1 | will he not much more, you of little faith? | Jesus uses this question to teach the people that God will provide what they need. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “he will certainly clothe you even better, you of little faith.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 343 | MAT | 6 | 32 | unz1 | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | ὁ Πατὴρ | 1 | Father | **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 344 | MAT | 6 | 33 | ep2c | figs-metonymy | ζητεῖτε…πρῶτον τὴν βασιλείαν καὶ τὴν δικαιοσύνην αὐτοῦ | 1 | seek first his kingdom and his righteousness | Here, **kingdom** refers to God’s rule as king. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “Most importantly, be one of God's people, and do what he desires of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 345 | MAT | 6 | 33 | ak39 | figs-activepassive | ταῦτα πάντα προστεθήσεται ὑμῖν | 1 | all these things will be added to you | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will provide all these things for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 346 | MAT | 6 | 34 | xdg7 | figs-personification | ἡ…αὔριον μεριμνήσει ἑαυτῆς | 1 | tomorrow will be anxious for itself | Jesus speaks of **tomorrow** as if it were a person who could worry. Jesus means that a person will have enough to worry about when the next day comes. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a nonfigurative way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 347 | MAT | 7 | intro | bz7e | 0 | # Matthew 7 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Jesus spoke about many different subjects in this sermon, so you may wish to help the reader by putting an empty line into the text whenever Jesus changed the subject.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Matthew 5-7<br><br>Many people call the words in Matthew 5-7 the Sermon on the Mount. This is one long lesson that Jesus taught. Bibles divide this lesson into three chapters, but this can sometimes confuse the reader. If your translation divides the text into sections, be sure that the reader understands that the whole sermon is one large section.<br><br>### “By their fruits you will know them”<br><br>Fruit is a common image in the scriptures. It is used to describe the results of either good or bad actions. In this chapter, good fruit is the result of living as God commands. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fruit]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### You singular and you plural<br><br>In this chapter, as in the past two chapters, Jesus is talking to a large crowd of his followers. Throughout the chapter, Jesus switches between using you in the singular and you in the plural. In both instances he is talking to the same people. When he is using the singular, he is referring to all of the individuals in the crowd, but is still referring to the crowd as a whole. Your language may require you to use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) | |||
| 348 | MAT | 7 | 1 | xk6w | figs-explicit | μὴ κρίνετε | 1 | Do not judge | It is implied here that **judge** has a strong negative meaning. Jesus is not saying that judgment is always bad, but that in this case it is negative. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Do not condemn people harshly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 349 | MAT | 7 | 1 | bk8y | figs-activepassive | μὴ κριθῆτε | 1 | you may not be judged | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will not condemn you harshly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 350 | MAT | 7 | 2 | kj24 | figs-activepassive | ἐν ᾧ…κρίματι κρίνετε, κριθήσεσθε | 1 | with the judgment you judge, you will be judged | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will condemn you in the same way you condemn others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 351 | MAT | 7 | 2 | ifm3 | figs-abstractnouns | ἐν ᾧ γὰρ κρίματι | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgement**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “In the manner that you judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 352 | MAT | 7 | 2 | tbi8 | figs-explicit | κρίνετε…μετρεῖτε | 1 | Here, Jesus leaves out that **you judge** and **you measure** is being done to other people. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “you judge other people…you measure other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 353 | MAT | 7 | 2 | wmxo | figs-metaphor | καὶ ἐν ᾧ μέτρῳ μετρεῖτε, μετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν | 1 | To **measure** someone is to hold them up to a high standard. Here, Jesus is saying that they are holding others up by too high of a standard. If your readers would not understand what **measure** means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternative translation: “with the standard of behavior that you expect of other people, God will expect of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 354 | MAT | 7 | 2 | c006 | figs-abstractnouns | ἐν ᾧ μέτρῳ | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgement**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “In the manner that you judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **measure**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “In the manner that you measure other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 355 | MAT | 7 | 2 | wgh2 | figs-activepassive | μετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν | 1 | it will be measured out to you | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will measure you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 356 | MAT | 7 | 3 | em5r | figs-rquestion | τί δὲ βλέπεις τὸ κάρφος τὸ ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου, τὴν δὲ ἐν τῷ σῷ ὀφθαλμῷ δοκὸν οὐ κατανοεῖς? | 1 | Why do you look at the speck … but you do not notice the log that is in your own eye? | Jesus uses this question to rebuke the people for paying attention to other people’s sins and ignoring their own. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You look at the speck in your brother's eye, but you do not notice the log that is in your own eye.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 357 | MAT | 7 | 3 | hzb4 | figs-yousingular | βλέπεις…σου…τῷ σῷ ὀφθαλμῷ…οὐ κατανοεῖς | 1 | Jesus is talking to a group of people about what they as individuals should or should not do. All instances of **you** and **your** are all singular. See the note in the introduction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) | |
| 358 | MAT | 7 | 3 | ctb3 | figs-metaphor | τὸ κάρφος τὸ ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου | 1 | the speck that is in the eye of your brother | A **speck of wood** is a small piece of wood that might fall into someone's eye. This is a metaphor that refers to the less offensive sins of a fellow believer. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “the lesser sin that is in your fellow believer's eye” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 359 | MAT | 7 | 3 | d2qc | translate-kinship | τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου | 1 | of your brother | Here, and in the next two verses, **brother** refers to other people who were also followers of Jesus. These people are not their biological siblings. If your reader would not understand this, you can use plain language. Alternate translation: “your fellow follower of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]]) |
| 360 | MAT | 7 | 3 | q1z4 | figs-metaphor | τὴν…ἐν τῷ σῷ ὀφθαλμῷ δοκὸν | 1 | the log that is in your own eye | A **log** is a large piece of wood, usually the remnant of the truck of a tree. This is a metaphor that refers to the most offensive sins of a fellow believer. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “the most offensive sin that is in your own eye” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 361 | MAT | 7 | 3 | xdcg | figs-hyperbole | τὴν…ἐν τῷ σῷ ὀφθαλμῷ δοκὸν οὐ κατανοεῖς | 1 | the log that is in your own eye | A **log** cannot fit into a person's eye. Jesus is exaggerating to emphasize that a person should pay attention to their own more offensive sins before he deals with another person’s less offensive sins. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your language that shows this exaggeration. Alternate translation: “you do not see your own very offensive sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 362 | MAT | 7 | 4 | k58h | figs-rquestion | ἢ πῶς ἐρεῖς τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου, ἄφες ἐκβάλω τὸ κάρφος ἐκ τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ σου, καὶ ἰδοὺ, ἡ δοκὸς ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ σοῦ? | 1 | Or how will you say to your brother, ‘Let me take out the speck from your eye,’ while behold, the log is in your own eye? | Jesus asks this question to challenge the people to pay attention to their own sins before they pay attention to another person’s sins. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You should not say to your brother, ‘Let me take out the speck from your eye,’ while there is log in your own eye.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 363 | MAT | 7 | 6 | wohg | figs-metaphor | μὴ δῶτε τὸ ἅγιον τοῖς κυσίν, μηδὲ βάλητε τοὺς μαργαρίτας ὑμῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν χοίρων | 1 | Here, to **give what is holy** and to **throw your pearls** means to share about God with people. The message about God is seen as very valuable and holy. Also, **dogs** and **pigs** are figurative for people who would reject this message. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “Do not share the holy message about God with people who would hurt you, nor should you try to share the valuable message about God with people who do not care to listen to it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 364 | MAT | 7 | 7 | ut6i | figs-parallelism | αἰτεῖτε καὶ δοθήσεται ὑμῖν; ζητεῖτε καὶ εὑρήσετε; κρούετε καὶ ἀνοιγήσεται ὑμῖν | 1 | Ask … Seek … Knock | Here, **Ask**, **seek**, and **knock** have a similar meaning of praying to God. If saying the same thing three times might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “Pray to God for what you need, and he will give it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 365 | MAT | 7 | 7 | tv49 | figs-activepassive | δοθήσεται ὑμῖν | 1 | it will be given to you | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will give it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 366 | MAT | 7 | 7 | rt8g | figs-explicit | κρούετε | 1 | Knock | To **knock** on a door is a polite way to request that the person inside the house or room open the door. If knocking on a door is impolite or not done in your culture, use the word that describes how people politely ask for people to let you into their house. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “knock on the door” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 367 | MAT | 7 | 9 | mq14 | figs-rquestion | ἢ τίς ἐστιν ἐξ ὑμῶν ἄνθρωπος, ὃν αἰτήσει ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἄρτον, μὴ λίθον ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ? | 1 | Or what man is there from among you, of whom his son will ask for bread—he will not give him a stone, will he? | Jesus uses a question to teach the people how God gives gifts. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “There is not one person among you, of whom his son will ask for bread, and he will give him a stone.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 368 | MAT | 7 | 9 | n5s1 | figs-synecdoche | ἄρτον | 1 | for bread | Here, **bread** refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “for some food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 369 | MAT | 7 | 10 | y9q5 | figs-ellipsis | ἢ καὶ ἰχθὺν αἰτήσει, μὴ ὄφιν ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ? | 1zz | Or he will also ask for a fish—he will not give him a snake, will he? | It is understood that Jesus is still referring to a man and his son. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “Or will a man's son ask for a fish, and the man will give him a snake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 370 | MAT | 7 | 10 | t19o | figs-rquestion | ἢ καὶ ἰχθὺν αἰτήσει, μὴ ὄφιν ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ? | 1 | Or he will also ask for a fish—he will not give him a snake, will he? | Jesus asks another question to teach the people about how God gives gifts. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “And there is not one person among you, if his son asks for a fish, will give him a snake.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 371 | MAT | 7 | 11 | pk31 | figs-rquestion | πόσῳ μᾶλλον ὁ Πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς δώσει ἀγαθὰ τοῖς αἰτοῦσιν αὐτόν? | 1 | how much more will your Father who is in the heavens give good things to those who ask him? | Jesus uses a question to teach the people about how God gives gifts. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “then your Father in heaven will most certainly give good things to those who ask him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 372 | MAT | 7 | 11 | z8zr | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | ὁ Πατὴρ | 1 | Father | **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 373 | MAT | 7 | 11 | t3p4 | figs-metonymy | ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς | 1 | See how you translated this in [5:16](../05/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 374 | MAT | 7 | 12 | b1x2 | figs-metonymy | οὗτος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ νόμος καὶ οἱ προφῆται | 1 | for this is the law and the prophets | Here, **the law and the prophets** refer to what Moses and the prophets wrote. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “for this is what Moses and the prophets wrote in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 375 | MAT | 7 | 12 | y4f6 | figs-explicit | οὗτος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ νόμος καὶ οἱ προφῆται | 1 | If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “And I stationed someone next to me who would blow a ram’s horn if we needed a danger signal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | Here, **for this is the law and the prophets** means that the law and the prophets teach this same message. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “for the law and prophets teach this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 376 | MAT | 7 | 13 | dgr2 | figs-metaphor | εἰσέλθατε διὰ τῆς στενῆς πύλης; ὅτι πλατεῖα ἡ πύλη καὶ εὐρύχωρος ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ ἀπάγουσα εἰς τὴν ἀπώλειαν, καὶ πολλοί εἰσιν οἱ εἰσερχόμενοι δι’ αὐτῆς | 1 | Enter through the narrow gate … there are many who are entering through it | In this verse, **road** is figurative for the span of a person's life. The word **gate** is figurative for the time when a person dies and enters into eternity. If your readers would not understand what they means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation, as in the in UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 377 | MAT | 7 | 13 | zv24 | figs-abstractnouns | εἰς τὴν ἀπώλειαν | 1 | to destruction | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **destruction**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to God's judgement” or “to God destroying you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 378 | MAT | 7 | 14 | wlr9 | figs-abstractnouns | εἰς τὴν ζωήν | 1 | to life | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **life**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to the place where people live forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 379 | MAT | 7 | 14 | gdji | figs-metaphor | ὀλίγοι εἰσὶν οἱ εὑρίσκοντες αὐτήν | 1 | Here, to **find it** means to enter into eternal life with God and not be destroyed by him. In the same way you might find a hidden path, so Jesus is saying that eternal life can be found. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternative translation: “there are few that God brings into eternal life with himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 380 | MAT | 7 | 15 | lj5v | figs-metaphor | οἵτινες ἔρχονται πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐν ἐνδύμασι προβάτων, ἔσωθεν δέ εἰσιν λύκοι ἅρπαγες | 1 | who come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ravenous wolves | Here, a **sheep** is figurative for someone who is a part of the people of God. Just as in real life, predators try to attack sheep, so people who try to hurt God's people are called **wolves**. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “who come to God's people to harm them, as a wolf comes to harm sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 381 | MAT | 7 | 16 | pul5 | figs-metaphor | ἀπὸ τῶν καρπῶν αὐτῶν ἐπιγνώσεσθε αὐτούς | 1 | By their fruits you will know them | Here, **their fruits** is referring to a person's actions before God. Just as a good tree produces good fruit and a bad tree produces bad fruit, so a person who loves God will obey him and a person who does not love God will not obey him. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “Just as you know a tree by the fruit that grows on it, you will know false prophets by the fact that they do not speak the words of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 382 | MAT | 7 | 16 | nve4 | figs-rquestion | μήτι συλλέγουσιν ἀπὸ ἀκανθῶν σταφυλὰς, ἢ ἀπὸ τριβόλων σῦκα? | 1 | they do not gather grapes from a thornbush or figs from thistles, do they? | Jesus uses a question to teach the people about false prophets. The people would have known that the answer is no. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “People do not gather grapes from a thornbush or figs from thistles.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 383 | MAT | 7 | 17 | f5l3 | figs-metaphor | οὕτως πᾶν δένδρον ἀγαθὸν καρποὺς καλοὺς ποιεῖ; τὸ δὲ σαπρὸν δένδρον καρποὺς πονηροὺς ποιεῖ | 1 | the rotten tree produces bad fruit | Jesus continues to use the metaphor of **fruit** to refer to bad prophets who produce evil works. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation “Just as when a good tree bears good fruit and a bad tree bears bad fruit, so those who preach God's words do good and those who do not preach God's words do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 384 | MAT | 7 | 19 | xwrm | figs-metaphor | πᾶν δένδρον μὴ ποιοῦν καρπὸν καλὸν ἐκκόπτεται καὶ εἰς πῦρ βάλλεται | 1 | Every tree not producing good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire | Here, Jesus continues talking figuratively about **trees**. He is saying that those who do not preach God's words will be judged by him. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation “And just as every bad tree which does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire, so everyone who disobeys God will be judged by him forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 385 | MAT | 7 | 19 | g7fs | figs-activepassive | ἐκκόπτεται καὶ εἰς πῦρ βάλλεται | 1 | is cut down and thrown into the fire | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people cut down and throw them into a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 386 | MAT | 7 | 20 | x87m | figs-metaphor | ἀπὸ τῶν καρπῶν αὐτῶν ἐπιγνώσεσθε αὐτούς | 1 | you will recognize them from their fruits | See how you translated this in [7:16](../07/16.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 387 | MAT | 7 | 21 | dkh7 | figs-exclamations | Κύριε, Κύριε | 1 | Here, **Lord, Lord** is an exclamation that shows that these people think that Jesus is their master. This is what a servant would say to their master. Use an exclamation that is natural in your language for communicating this. Alternate translation: “My Lord!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) | |
| 388 | MAT | 7 | 21 | c6yz | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | τοῦ Πατρός μου | 1 | of my Father | **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 389 | MAT | 7 | 21 | l1te | figs-metonymy | τοῦ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς | 1 | See how you translated **who is in the heavens** in [5:16](../05/16.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 390 | MAT | 7 | 22 | mp6e | figs-explicit | ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ | 1 | in that day | Jesus said **that day** knowing his hearers would understand he was referring to the day of judgment. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “on the day when God will judge all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 391 | MAT | 7 | 22 | m9py | figs-rquestion | οὐ τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι ἐπροφητεύσαμεν, καὶ τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι δαιμόνια ἐξεβάλομεν, καὶ τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι δυνάμεις πολλὰς ἐποιήσαμεν? | 1 | did we not prophesy in your name, and in your name cast out demons, and in your name do many mighty deeds? | The people use a question to emphasize that they did many good things for Jesus. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “we prophesied in your name, and in your name cast out demons, and in your name did many mighty deeds.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 392 | MAT | 7 | 22 | hg17 | figs-metonymy | τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι…τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι…τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι | 2 | in your name | Here, to do something **in your name** means to do it by his power and authority. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “by your authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 393 | MAT | 7 | 23 | d4y5 | figs-idiom | οὐδέποτε ἔγνων ὑμᾶς | 1 | I never knew you | **I never knew you** means that the person was never one of God's people. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “You have never been my follower” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 394 | MAT | 7 | 24 | qjh9 | figs-simile | ὁμοιωθήσεται ἀνδρὶ φρονίμῳ, ὅστις ᾠκοδόμησεν αὐτοῦ τὴν οἰκίαν ἐπὶ τὴν πέτραν | 1 | will be compared to a wise man who built his house upon the rock | Jesus compares those who obey what he says to a person who builds his **house** on a rock where nothing can harm it. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “he will be like man who builds a a house on solid ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 395 | MAT | 7 | 24 | qw6l | figs-activepassive | ὁμοιωθήσεται ἀνδρὶ φρονίμῳ | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is like a wise man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 396 | MAT | 7 | 24 | dy1f | figs-explicit | πέτραν | 1 | rock | Here, **rock** means the bedrock below the topsoil and clay, not a large stone or boulder above the ground. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “solid ground” or “sturdy ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 397 | MAT | 7 | 25 | bv81 | figs-activepassive | τεθεμελίωτο | 1 | it had been founded | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the man had built it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 398 | MAT | 7 | 26 | nw97 | figs-simile | ὁμοιωθήσεται ἀνδρὶ μωρῷ, ὅστις ᾠκοδόμησεν αὐτοῦ τὴν οἰκίαν ἐπὶ τὴν ἄμμον | 1 | will be compared to a foolish man who built his house upon the sand | Jesus uses a simile to compare those who do not obey his words with **foolish** house-builders who pick a bad place to build a house. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “will be like a fool who built his house in a dangerous place where it could be knocked down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 399 | MAT | 7 | 26 | o85y | figs-activepassive | ὁμοιωθήσεται ἀνδρὶ μωρῷ | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is like a foolish man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is like a foolish man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 400 | MAT | 7 | 27 | k4hi | figs-abstractnouns | ἦν ἡ πτῶσις αὐτῆς μεγάλη | 1 | its destruction was great | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **destruction**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the waters and the wind greatly destroyed it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 401 | MAT | 7 | 28 | jrh7 | writing-endofstory | 0 | General Information: | This verse describe how the people in the crowds reacted to Jesus’ teaching. This marks the end of the Sermon on the Mount. Use the natural form in your language for expressing the conclusion of a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) | |
| 402 | MAT | 7 | 28 | fo8g | figs-abstractnouns | ἐπὶ τῇ διδαχῇ αὐτοῦ | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of boldness, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “we may be bold” or “we may act boldly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **teaching**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “by the way that he taught them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 403 | MAT | 8 | intro | f33a | 0 | # Matthew 8 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a new section.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Miracles<br><br>Jesus performed miracles to show that he could control things that no other people could control. He also showed that it is proper to worship him because he performed miracles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/authority]]) | |||
| 404 | MAT | 8 | 1 | qb1d | writing-newevent | δὲ | 1 | General Information: | This introduces a new event that happened some time after the events the story has just related. The story does not say how long after those events this new event happened. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Some time later” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
| 405 | MAT | 8 | 2 | yc3f | grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical | ἐὰν θέλῃς δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι | 1 | if you would be willing | The leper is using a hypothetical situation to show that he believes Jesus will heal him. Use the natural form in your language for expressing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “If you would desire to heal me, you are able to do it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) |
| 406 | MAT | 8 | 2 | yjn2 | figs-explicit | δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι | 1 | you are able to make me clean | Here, to be **clean** means to be healed from the skin disease, which did not allow them to be in the community with the rest of the people. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “you are able to heal me and allow me to be a part of the community again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 407 | MAT | 8 | 3 | lj1x | figs-activepassive | ἐκαθαρίσθη αὐτοῦ ἡ λέπρα | 1 | he was cleansed of his leprosy | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jesus cleansed him of his leprosy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 408 | MAT | 8 | 4 | zi3a | figs-explicit | σεαυτὸν, δεῖξον τῷ ἱερεῖ | 1 | show yourself to the priest | Jewish law required that the person **show** his healed skin **to the priest**, who would then allow him or her to return to the community, to be with other people. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “show the priest that you are healed from the disease, so that you can rejoice your community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 409 | MAT | 8 | 4 | tq9l | figs-explicit | προσένεγκον τὸ δῶρον ὃ προσέταξεν Μωϋσῆς, εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς | 1 | offer the gift that Moses commanded, for a testimony to them | The law of **Moses** required that someone healed of leprosy give a thanksgiving offering to the priest. When the priest accepted the gift, people would know that the man had been healed. Lepers were not allowed to come into contact with anyone so that no one else would be infected. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “offer the gift that Moses commanded in the Law, for a testimony to the priest that you are healed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 410 | MAT | 8 | 4 | rj8u | figs-pronouns | αὐτοῖς | 1 | to them | Here, **to them** either refers to (1) the priests, or (2) the community in general. If this might confuse your readers, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “to the priests” or “to the community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) |
| 411 | MAT | 8 | 6 | cr8h | translate-unknown | παραλυτικός | 1 | paralyzed | A paralytic is someone who is not able to completely use their body. Sometimes they just can’t use their legs, but sometimes they can’t use anything. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you can state this explicitly. “not able to use his arms and legs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 412 | MAT | 8 | 8 | p7p4 | figs-idiom | μου ὑπὸ τὴν στέγην | 1 | under my roof | Here, **under my roof** is figurative for being in a person's house. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “in my house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 413 | MAT | 8 | 8 | hig7 | figs-metonymy | εἰπὲ λόγῳ | 1 | speak a word | Here, **speak** is a polite way of saying that all Jesus has to do is speak a word, and he will heal the servant. Use a form in your language that communicates this. Alternate translation: “Only say a word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) |
| 414 | MAT | 8 | 8 | rk1z | figs-activepassive | ἰαθήσεται ὁ παῖς μου | 1 | will be healed | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will make my servant well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 415 | MAT | 8 | 9 | ds2m | figs-activepassive | ἐγὼ ἄνθρωπός εἰμι ὑπὸ ἐξουσίαν, τασσόμενος ἔχων ὑπ’ ἐμαυτὸν στρατιώτας | 1 | I … am a man under authority, having soldiers placed under me | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “I am a man who is under the authority of someone else, and I myself authority over a group of soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 416 | MAT | 8 | 9 | da25 | figs-idiom | ὑπὸ ἐξουσίαν…ὑπ’ ἐμαυτὸν | 1 | under authority … under me | To be **under** someone means to be less important and to obey the commands of someone of a higher status. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “who obeys other people's commands…who obey me (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 417 | MAT | 8 | 9 | qz61 | figs-idiom | καὶ ἄλλῳ…καὶ τῷ δούλῳ μου | 1 | The centurion is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “and to another I say…and to my servant I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
| 418 | MAT | 8 | 10 | c7y6 | figs-explicit | παρ’ οὐδενὶ τοσαύτην πίστιν ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ εὗρον | 1 | I have found such great faith from no one in Israel | Jesus’ hearers would have thought that the Jews in **Israel**, who claim to be children of God, would have greater **faith** than anyone. Jesus is saying that the centurion’s faith was greater. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “I have found such faith from no one in Israel, who should have more faith (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 419 | MAT | 8 | 10 | fjgc | figs-metonymy | ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ | 1 | Here, the name **Israel** is not referring to the country, but to the people who live in Israel. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “among the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 420 | MAT | 8 | 11 | xee4 | figs-you | ὑμῖν | 1 | you | Here, **you** is plural and refers to “those who were following him” in [8:10](../08/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 421 | MAT | 8 | 11 | mt2i | figs-merism | ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν καὶ δυσμῶν | 1 | from east and west | Using the opposites **east** and **west** is a way of saying “everywhere.” Alternate translation: “from many far away places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) |
| 422 | MAT | 8 | 11 | u4sj | figs-metaphor | ἀνακλιθήσονται | 1 | they will recline at table | Jesus speaks of the joy that people will share in God’s kingdom as if they were all having a feast. Use a term in your language referring to a celebratory meal. Alternate translation: “will feast together in the kingdom of God” or “will rejoice together in the kingdom of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 423 | MAT | 8 | 11 | qmc7 | figs-metonymy | ἐν τῇ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν | 1 | in the kingdom of the heavens | See how you translated **kingdom of the heavens** in [3:2](../03/02.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 424 | MAT | 8 | 12 | ks3b | figs-activepassive | οἱ…υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας ἐκβληθήσονται | 1 | the sons of the kingdom will be thrown out | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “God will throw out the sons of the kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 425 | MAT | 8 | 12 | aug7 | figs-metonymy | οἱ δὲ υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας | 1 | But the sons of the kingdom | The phrase **sons of** is figurative, referring to the Jews of the kingdom of Judea. This is saying that they are of Jewish descent. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “but those who do not believe in me from the Jewish people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 426 | MAT | 8 | 12 | pf26 | figs-irony | οἱ δὲ υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας ἐκβληθήσονται | 1 | But the sons of the kingdom | In their culture, **the sons of the kingdom** would usually inherit the kingdom, and not be thrown out. Jesus is saying it in this way to show how disobedient the Jewish people were being. If this would be misunderstood in your language, consider expressing the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and we certainly can not go and buy food for all these people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) |
| 427 | MAT | 8 | 12 | liu4 | figs-metonymy | εἰς τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον | 1 | the outer darkness | Here, **outer darkness** is a metonym for the place where God sends those who reject them. This is a place where God punishes people forever. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 428 | MAT | 8 | 12 | gww4 | translate-symaction | ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων | 1 | weeping and grinding of teeth | Here, **grinding of the teeth** is a symbolic act, representing extreme pain and suffering. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “weeping and extreme suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
| 429 | MAT | 8 | 13 | ki92 | figs-activepassive | γενηθήτω σοι | 1 | let it be done for you | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so I will do it for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 430 | MAT | 8 | 13 | sdn6 | figs-activepassive | ἰάθη ὁ παῖς | 1 | the servant was healed | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jesus healed the servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 431 | MAT | 8 | 14 | ynh8 | translate-unknown | πυρέσσουσαν | 1 | his mother-in-law | A **fever** is a symptom of an illness in which the temperature of the body temporarily increases. This results in the need to lie down in bed and rest as Peter’s mother-in-law was doing. If your reader would not be familiar with this, you could use a general expression. Alternate Translation: “being feverish from illness” or “being ill with an elevated temperature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 432 | MAT | 8 | 15 | w7nh | figs-personification | ἀφῆκεν αὐτὴν ὁ πυρετός | 1 | the fever left her | The **fever** is spoken of as if it, like a person, **left**. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “Jesus healed her of her fever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 433 | MAT | 8 | 16 | pwr4 | figs-activepassive | δαιμονιζομένους πολλούς | 1 | many being possessed by demons | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “many of those who demons have possessed (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 434 | MAT | 8 | 16 | f1cv | figs-metonymy | ἐξέβαλεν τὰ πνεύματα λόγῳ | 1 | he cast out the spirits with a word | Here, **word** means a command that Jesus gave. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “he commanded the spirits to leave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 435 | MAT | 8 | 17 | r3dc | figs-activepassive | πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου | 1 | might be fulfilled that which had been spoken by Isaiah the prophet | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jesus fulfilled the prophecy that the prophet Isaiah spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 436 | MAT | 8 | 17 | x9vs | writing-quotations | λέγοντος | 1 | Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and this is what he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) | |
| 437 | MAT | 8 | 17 | eyu9 | figs-parallelism | αὐτὸς τὰς ἀσθενείας ἡμῶν ἔλαβεν καὶ τὰς νόσους ἐβάστασεν | 1 | He himself took our weaknesses and bore our diseases | Matthew is quoting the prophet Isaiah. **He himself took our weaknesses** and **bore {our} diseases** mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he healed all of **our diseases**. If it would be clearer for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “He took away our sicknesses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 438 | MAT | 8 | 18 | a2pn | figs-ellipsis | ἐκέλευσεν ἀπελθεῖν εἰς τὸ πέραν | 1 | commanded | Matthew is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “Jesus told his disciples to sail to the other side of the Sea of Galilee” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 439 | MAT | 8 | 20 | pqp6 | writing-proverbs | αἱ ἀλώπεκες φωλεοὺς ἔχουσιν καὶ τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ κατασκηνώσεις ὁ δὲ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἔχει ποῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν κλίνῃ | 1 | Foxes have holes, and the birds of the sky, nests | Jesus answers the scribe with this proverb. The proverb means even wild animals have somewhere to rest. You can translate the proverb itself in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “Even animals have a place to sleep, but the Son of Man does not have a place to sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) |
| 440 | MAT | 8 | 20 | ub5o | figs-explicit | αἱ ἀλώπεκες φωλεοὺς ἔχουσιν καὶ τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ κατασκηνώσεις | 1 | Foxes have holes, and the birds of the sky, nests | Jesus assumes that his hearers know what **foxes** are and what they use the **holes** for. **Foxes** are animals like wild dogs. They eat nesting birds and other small animals. If foxes are unknown in your area, use a general term for wild dog-like creatures that burrow in the ground. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “Foxes have their holes in the ground to sleep in, and flying birds have their nests to sleep in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 441 | MAT | 8 | 20 | qqvq | figs-ellipsis | τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ κατασκηνώσεις | 1 | the birds of the sky, nests | Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “birds who fly in the sky have nests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 442 | MAT | 8 | 20 | qvm5 | figs-123person | ὁ…Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου | 2 | the Son of Man | Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would be confusing in your language, you can express this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 443 | MAT | 8 | 20 | yl4s | figs-idiom | οὐκ ἔχει ποῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν κλίνῃ | 1 | does not have where he might lay his head | Here, **lay his head** refers to a place to sleep. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “has no place of his own to sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 444 | MAT | 8 | 22 | h7fb | figs-metaphor | ἄφες τοὺς νεκροὺς θάψαι τοὺς ἑαυτῶν νεκρούς | 1 | allow the dead to bury their own dead | Jesus does not mean literally that **dead** people will bury other dead people. Here, **the dead** is referring to those who are spiritually **dead**, meaning they do not love God, and are not following Jesus. If your readers would not understand what **dead** means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation, as expressed in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 445 | MAT | 8 | 24 | m6w8 | figs-activepassive | ὥστε τὸ πλοῖον καλύπτεσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν κυμάτων | 1 | so that the boat was covered by the waves | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that the waves were filling the boat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 446 | MAT | 8 | 25 | b2wh | figs-exclusive | Κύριε, σῶσον, ἀπολλύμεθα! | 1 | Save us, Lord; we are perishing! | Here, **we** is referring to both Jesus and the disciples. Your language may require you to mark these forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 447 | MAT | 8 | 26 | g8p7 | figs-rquestion | τί δειλοί ἐστε, ὀλιγόπιστοι | 1 | Why are you cowardly, you of little faith? | Jesus asks this question in order to teach the disciples why they should not be afraid. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “There is nothing for you to be afraid of, you who have little faith!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 448 | MAT | 8 | 26 | r5ve | ὀλιγόπιστοι | 1 | you of little faith | Jesus addresses his disciples this way because their anxiety about the storm shows they have little faith in him to control it. See how you translated this in [6:30](../06/30.md). | |
| 449 | MAT | 8 | 27 | u2qh | figs-rquestion | ποταπός ἐστιν οὗτος, ὅτι καὶ οἱ ἄνεμοι καὶ ἡ θάλασσα αὐτῷ ὑπακούουσιν? | 1 | What sort of is he, that even the winds and the sea obey him? | This question shows that the disciples were surprised. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “This man is unlike any man we have ever seen! Even the wind and the waves obey him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 450 | MAT | 8 | 27 | k5mk | figs-personification | καὶ οἱ ἄνεμοι καὶ ἡ θάλασσα αὐτῷ ὑπακούουσιν | 1 | even the winds and the sea obey him | Here, **wind** and **waves** are described as if they are able to **obey** Jesus. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “he even controls the wind and the waves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 451 | MAT | 8 | 28 | yzi6 | translate-names | τὴν χώραν τῶν Γαδαρηνῶν | 1 | the country of the Gadarenes | The **Gadarenes** were named after the town of Gadara. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 452 | MAT | 8 | 28 | hz5n | figs-activepassive | δύο δαιμονιζόμενοι | 1 | two men … being possessed by demons | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “two men … whom demons were controlling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 453 | MAT | 8 | 29 | gr2p | figs-rquestion | τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοί, Υἱὲ τοῦ Θεοῦ? | 1 | What to us and to you, Son of God? | The unclean spirit asks this question out of fear. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Leave me alone, Jesus, Son of the Most High God! There is no reason for you to interfere with me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 454 | MAT | 8 | 29 | jcq6 | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | Υἱὲ τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | Son of God | **Son of God** is an important title for Jesus, which describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 455 | MAT | 8 | 29 | u4jr | figs-rquestion | ἦλθες ὧδε πρὸ καιροῦ βασανίσαι ἡμᾶς | 1 | Have you come here to torment us before the set time? | Again, the demons use a question out of fear. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You have surely come here to punish us before the time when God will judge us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 456 | MAT | 8 | 29 | uw6c | figs-explicit | ἦλθες ὧδε πρὸ καιροῦ βασανίσαι ἡμᾶς | 1 | Here, **the set time** is referring to the time when God will judge all of the evil spirits and people. Matthew's readers would have understood this. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Have you come here early, before the time when God is planning to judge us?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 457 | MAT | 8 | 30 | v91c | writing-background | δὲ | 1 | Now | **Now** is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Matthew tells background information about a herd of pigs that had been there before Jesus arrived. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
| 458 | MAT | 8 | 31 | tf32 | figs-explicit | εἰ ἐκβάλλεις ἡμᾶς | 1 | If you cast us out | It is implied that the demons knew that Jesus was going to **cast** them **out**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Because you are going to cast us out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 459 | MAT | 8 | 31 | cgf7 | figs-exclusive | ἡμᾶς | 1 | us | Here, **us** is exclusive, referring only to the demons. Your language may require you to mark these forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 460 | MAT | 8 | 33 | ev2w | figs-activepassive | τὰ τῶν δαιμονιζομένων | 1 | the things concerning the men who were possessed by demons | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what Jesus did to help the men whom demons were controlling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 461 | MAT | 8 | 34 | j6sp | figs-metonymy | πᾶσα ἡ πόλις | 1 | the whole city | The word **city** is a metonym for the people of the city. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “all the people who lived in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 462 | MAT | 8 | 34 | xb5x | figs-hyperbole | πᾶσα ἡ πόλις | 1 | the whole city | The word **whole** is an exaggeration to emphasize how very many people came out to see Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your language that shows this. Alternate translation: “many of the people in the city (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 463 | MAT | 9 | intro | tg41 | 0 | # Matthew 9 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “Sinners”<br><br>When the people of Jesus’ time spoke of “sinners,” they were talking about people who did not obey the law of Moses and instead committed sins like stealing or sexual sins. When Jesus said that he came to call “sinners,” he meant that only people who believe that they are sinners can be his followers. This is true even if they are not what most people think of as “sinners.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Passive voice<br><br>Many sentences in this chapter tell that a person had something happen to him without saying who caused that something to happen. You may have to translate the sentence so that it tells the reader who performed the action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Speakers in this chapter asked questions to which they already knew the answer. They asked the questions to show that they were not happy with the hearers or to teach them or to get them to think. Your language may have another way of doing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>### Proverbs<br><br>Proverbs are very short sentences that use words that are easy to remember to tell about something that is generally true. People who understand proverbs usually have to know much about the language and culture of the speaker. When you translate the proverbs in this chapter, you may have to use many more words than the speakers used so that you can add information that the hearers knew but your reader do not know. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) | |||
| 464 | MAT | 9 | 1 | lje9 | figs-explicit | διεπέρασεν | 1 | into his own city | Here, Matthew does not specify that Jesus **crossed over** the Sea of Galilee. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he crossed over the Sea of Galilee” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 465 | MAT | 9 | 2 | i6xp | writing-newevent | ἰδοὺ | 1 | behold | Here, **behold** introduces a new event that happened some time after the events the story has just related. The story does not say how long after those events this new event happened. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “When they arrived in Jesus' town” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
| 466 | MAT | 9 | 2 | szd4 | translate-unknown | παραλυτικὸν | 1 | they were bringing | See how you translated **paralytic** in [4:24](../04/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 467 | MAT | 9 | 2 | iys2 | figs-activepassive | ἀφίενταί σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι | 1 | Your sins are forgiven | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have forgiven your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 468 | MAT | 9 | 4 | u643 | figs-explicit | ἰδὼν…τὰς ἐνθυμήσεις αὐτῶν | 1 | having known their thoughts | This phrase implies that Jesus had supernatural knowledge. It indicates that Jesus knew what the scribes were saying even though he did not hear what they said. If it would be helpful to your readers, your could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Even though no one told Jesus, he knew” or “Even though Jesus had not heard them, he was fully aware”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 469 | MAT | 9 | 4 | n4yl | figs-rquestion | ἵνα τί ἐνθυμεῖσθε πονηρὰ ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν? | 1 | For what reason do you think evil in your hearts? | Jesus used this question to rebuke the scribes. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You should not be thinking this evil in your hearts!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 470 | MAT | 9 | 4 | d499 | figs-metonymy | ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν | 1 | in your hearts | Here, **hearts** refers to their minds or their thoughts. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “in your minds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 471 | MAT | 9 | 5 | j716 | figs-rquestion | τί γάρ ἐστιν εὐκοπώτερον εἰπεῖν, ἀφέωνται σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι, ἢ εἰπεῖν, ἔγειρε καὶ περιπάτει? | 1 | For which is easier, to say, ‘Your sins have been forgiven,’ or to say, ‘Get up and walk’? | Jesus uses this question to make the scribes think about what might prove whether or not he could really forgive **sins**. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “you think that It is certainly easier to say ‘your sins are forgiven’ than to say ‘get up and walk’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 472 | MAT | 9 | 5 | mk14 | figs-quotations | τί…ἐστιν εὐκοπώτερον εἰπεῖν, ἀφέωνται σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι, ἢ εἰπεῖν, ἔγειρε καὶ περιπάτει? | 1 | which is easier, to say, ‘Your sins are forgiven,’ or to say, ‘Get up and walk’? | The quotes can be translated as indirect quotes. Alternate translation: You think that it is easier to tell someone that his sins are forgiven, than to tell him to get up and walk” or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
| 473 | MAT | 9 | 5 | x05v | figs-activepassive | ἀφέωνται σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι | 1 | Your sins have been forgiven | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have forgiven your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 474 | MAT | 9 | 6 | n5sf | figs-you | εἰδῆτε…σου…σου | 1 | your mat … your house | Here, the **you** is plural and is addressed to the scribes, but both instances of **your** are singular and addressed to the paralytic. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 475 | MAT | 9 | 6 | td1z | figs-123person | ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου | 1 | go to your house | Here Jesus refers to himself as **the Son of Man** in the third person. If this would be confusing in your language, you can make it first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 476 | MAT | 9 | 6 | k6rw | figs-abstractnouns | ἐξουσίαν | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority**, you could express the same idea in another way, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 477 | MAT | 9 | 8 | x71s | figs-abstractnouns | ἐξουσίαν | 1 | such authority | See how you translated this in [9:6](../09/06.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 478 | MAT | 9 | 10 | f9lh | figs-metonymy | ἁμαρτωλοὶ | 1 | sinners | Here, **sinners** refers to people who did not obey the law of Moses but committed what others thought were very bad sins. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “people who committed many bad sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 479 | MAT | 9 | 11 | z4h5 | figs-rquestion | διὰ τί μετὰ τῶν τελωνῶν καὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν ἐσθίει ὁ διδάσκαλος ὑμῶν? | 1 | For what reason does your teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners? | The Pharisees use this question to criticize what Jesus is doing. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Your teacher should not eat with tax collectors and sinners!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 480 | MAT | 9 | 12 | m7fm | figs-explicit | ὁ δὲ ἀκούσας | 1 | But he, having heard this | Here, **this** refers to the question the Pharisees asked about Jesus eating with tax collectors and sinners. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “When Jesus heard the Pharisees ask this question” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 481 | MAT | 9 | 12 | tl42 | writing-proverbs | οὐ χρείαν ἔχουσιν οἱ ἰσχύοντες ἰατροῦ, ἀλλὰ οἱ κακῶς ἔχοντες | 1 | Those who are strong in body do not have need of a physician, but those who have sickness | Jesus begins his response by quoting or creating a proverb, a short saying about something that is generally true in life. This proverb draws a figurative comparison. Just as sick people need to see a doctor to be healed, so sinners need to see Jesus in order to be forgiven and restored. But since Jesus explains the comparison in the next verse, you do not need to explain it here. Rather, you can translate the proverb itself in a way that will be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “People who are well do not need to see a doctor, but people who are sick do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) |
| 482 | MAT | 9 | 12 | uhc5 | οἱ ἰσχύοντες | 1 | Those who are strong in body | Those who **have sickness** are equated with those who are wanting to be saved by Jesus. The **healthy** are equated with those who do not think they need Jesus. Jesus does not actually think those who do not want him are **strong**, but the opposite. He says this because those people think they are healthy in their own eyes and do not need Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, consider expressing the meaning plainly.. Alternate translation: “Those who suppose themselves to be healthy do not need a doctor. It is those who know that they are sick who need a doctor”. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) | |
| 483 | MAT | 9 | 12 | n33c | figs-ellipsis | οἱ κακῶς ἔχοντες | 1 | those who have sickness | The phrase “need a physician” is understood from the previous phrase. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “people who are sick need a physician” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 484 | MAT | 9 | 13 | a886 | figs-ellipsis | ἀλλὰ ἁμαρτωλούς | 1 | the righteous | The words **I did not come to call** are understood from the phrase before this. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “but I came to call sinners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 485 | MAT | 9 | 14 | k8vc | grammar-connect-time-sequential | τότε | 1 | do not fast | The word **then** indicates that the events the story will now relate came after the event it has just described. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could show this relationship by using a fuller phrase. Alternate translation: “After Jesus said this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) |
| 486 | MAT | 9 | 14 | vhnd | writing-participants | οἱ μαθηταὶ Ἰωάννου | 1 | Here, **John** is referring to John the Baptizer. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could that this is referring to John the Baptizer. Alternate translation: “John the Baptizer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 487 | MAT | 9 | 15 | r8if | figs-rquestion | μὴ δύνανται οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος πενθεῖν, ἐφ’ ὅσον μετ’ αὐτῶν ἐστιν ὁ νυμφίος? | 1 | The sons of the bridal chamber are not able to mourn while the bridegroom is still with them, are they? | Jesus uses a question to answer John’s disciples. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “The sons of the bridal chamber are certainly not able to mourn while the bridegroom is still with them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 488 | MAT | 9 | 15 | xnp8 | writing-proverbs | μὴ δύνανται οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος πενθεῖν, ἐφ’ ὅσον μετ’ αὐτῶν ἐστιν ὁ νυμφίος? | 1 | The sons of the bridal chamber are not able to mourn while the bridegroom is still with them, are they? | Jesus uses this proverb to show that his disciples do not **mourn** because he **is still** there **with them**. In this proverb, Jesus is the **bridegroom**, and his disciples are the **sons of the bridal chamber**. You can translate the proverb itself in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture. If it would be misunderstood in your language, you can state it explicitly. Alternate translation: “Just as the sons of the bridal chamber are not able to mourn while the bridegroom is still with them, so my disciples are not able to fast while I am still with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) |
| 489 | MAT | 9 | 15 | iz9s | figs-personification | ἐλεύσονται δὲ ἡμέραι ὅταν | 1 | But the days will come when | Here, **the day** is said to be **coming** like a person might come. This is figurative, meaning that the event will happen. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “But it will happen that when” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 490 | MAT | 9 | 15 | p6hz | figs-activepassive | ἀπαρθῇ ἀπ’ αὐτῶν ὁ νυμφίος | 1 | the bridegroom may be taken away from them | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the bridegroom will leave them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 491 | MAT | 9 | 16 | j9fx | writing-proverbs | οὐδεὶς δὲ ἐπιβάλλει ἐπίβλημα ῥάκους ἀγνάφου ἐπὶ ἱματίῳ παλαιῷ; αἴρει γὰρ τὸ πλήρωμα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱματίου, καὶ χεῖρον σχίσμα γίνεται | 1 | This verse is a proverb, which has a similar meaning to the previous verse. Jesus is talking about how the disciples should not use old ways of worship when he is present with them. Translate the proverb itself in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “Just as you shouldn't use a new patch on an old piece of cloth, so you should not use old methods of worship like fasting when I am present” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) | |
| 492 | MAT | 9 | 16 | yf98 | figs-explicit | οὐδεὶς δὲ ἐπιβάλλει ἐπίβλημα ῥάκους ἀγνάφου ἐπὶ ἱματίῳ παλαιῷ | 1 | But no one puts a patch of new cloth on an old garment | When a piece of clothing gets a hole in it, another piece of cloth, a patch, is sewn onto the clothing to cover the hole. If this patch has not yet been washed, it will shrink and tear the piece of clothing, making the hole worse than it was to begin with. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Now, no one sews a new patch of cloth that has not yet shrunken from being washed on an old patch that has shrunk already” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 493 | MAT | 9 | 17 | s13y | writing-proverbs | οὐδὲ βάλλουσιν οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς εἰ δὲ μή γε, ῥήγνυνται οἱ ἀσκοί, καὶ ὁ οἶνος ἐκχεῖται καὶ οἱ ἀσκοὶ ἀπόλλυνται. ἀλλὰ βάλλουσιν οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς καινούς, καὶ ἀμφότεροι συντηροῦνται | 1 | Neither do they put new wine into old wineskins | This verse is a proverb with a similar message as the previous verse. Jesus is saying that just as someone would not put new wine which will expand in an old wine skin which cannot expand, so the disciples should not fast while Jesus is with them. You can translate the proverb itself in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) |
| 494 | MAT | 9 | 17 | plli | grammar-connect-words-phrases | οὐδὲ | 1 | Here, **neither** indicates that what follows is similar in meaning to the phrase that came before it. Use an expression in your language that functions like this. Alternate translation: “Similarly, no one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) | Here, **neither** is a word which shows that the meaning of this verse is similar to the meaning of the previous verse. Use an word in your language that expresses this. Alternate translation: “Similarly, no one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) |
| 495 | MAT | 9 | 17 | pyk4 | figs-genericnoun | οὐδὲ βάλλουσιν…βάλλουσιν | 1 | Jesus is speaking of people in general, and not a specific person. If your readers would misunderstand this, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “People do not pour…people pour” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
| 496 | MAT | 9 | 17 | hv8f | figs-activepassive | ὁ οἶνος ἐκχεῖται καὶ οἱ ἀσκοὶ ἀπόλλυνται | 1 | the wine is spilled, and the wineskins are destroyed | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this will ruin the wineskins and spill the wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 497 | MAT | 9 | 17 | l68m | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | ἀλλὰ | 1 | What follows the word And here is in contrast to what was expected, that all the invited guests would come to the dinner. Instead, the guests all declined to come. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “But” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) | What follows the word **instead** here is in contrast to what comes before it, showing what people do and do not do with wine and wineskins. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “Rather than doing this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
| 498 | MAT | 9 | 17 | i8v4 | figs-activepassive | ἀμφότεροι συντηροῦνται | 1 | both are preserved | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this will keep safe both the wineskins and the wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 499 | MAT | 9 | 18 | a7ax | writing-newevent | ταῦτα αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος αὐτοῖς | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Here, **While he is saying these things to them** marks the introduction of a new event. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “It happened that as Jesus was speaking with the scribes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
| 500 | MAT | 9 | 18 | a4s2 | writing-participants | ἄρχων εἷς | 1 | This introduces the **official** as a new character in the story. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new character. Since he is a new participant, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could call him something like “a man who was a ruler in a nearby town” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 501 | MAT | 9 | 18 | n1i6 | translate-symaction | προσεκύνει αὐτῷ | 1 | bowed down to him | This is a way someone would show respect to someone in higher authority. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
| 502 | MAT | 9 | 20 | gv15 | figs-euphemism | αἱμορροοῦσα | 1 | suffering from a discharge of blood | The woman did not have an open wound. Rather, her monthly flow of blood would not stop. Your language may have a polite way to refer to this condition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
| 503 | MAT | 9 | 20 | m9zq | figs-extrainfo | ἥψατο τοῦ κρασπέδου τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ | 1 | of his garment | Matthew does not explain why she **touched the edge of his garment**. Since the expression is explained in the next verse, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]]) |
| 504 | MAT | 9 | 21 | eb6t | writing-background | ἔλεγεν γὰρ ἐν ἑαυτῇ, ἐὰν μόνον ἅψωμαι τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ, σωθήσομαι. | 1 | for she was saying to herself, “If only I might touch his garments, I will be made well.” | This verse tells us why she touched Jesus' garment. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “She did this because she was thinking to herself, ‘If I just touch his garments, then he will heal me’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
| 505 | MAT | 9 | 21 | ukb8 | figs-activepassive | σωθήσομαι | 1 | If only I might touch his garments | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will make me well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 506 | MAT | 9 | 22 | x398 | translate-kinship | θύγατερ | 1 | Daughter | Jesus was using this term figuratively to refer to the woman as a believer. She was not actually his daughter. Make sure this is understood by your readers. Alternate translation: “Beloved woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]]) |
| 507 | MAT | 9 | 22 | q6ca | figs-personification | ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε | 1 | your faith has saved you | Here, **faith** is spoken of as having **saved** a person. This is figurative, meaning that because she believed that Jesus was able to heal her, he did heal her. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “because you believed I have healed you, I have healed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 508 | MAT | 9 | 22 | zv2n | figs-activepassive | ἐσώθη ἡ γυνὴ ἀπὸ τῆς ὥρας ἐκείνης | 1 | the woman was healed from that very hour | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jesus healed the woman at that moment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 509 | MAT | 9 | 23 | jae1 | translate-symaction | ἰδὼν τοὺς αὐλητὰς καὶ τὸν ὄχλον θορυβούμενον | 1 | the flute players and the crowd being stirred up | There were **flute players** at the house because it was customary in that culture to play the flute in a time of mourning. If you think your readers might not understand the significance of these actions, you could explain generally what the people were doing. Or you could describe the actions and say why the people were doing them. Alternate translation: “having see the flute players and the upset crowd performing their mourning rituals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
| 510 | MAT | 9 | 24 | pc1m | figs-euphemism | οὐ…ἀπέθανεν τὸ κοράσιον, ἀλλὰ καθεύδει | 1 | the girl has not died, but sleeps | Jesus is using a play on words. It was common in Jesus’ day to refer to a dead person as one who **sleeps**. But here the dead **girl** will get up, as though she had only been sleeping. If this would be misunderstood in your language, use a different polite way of referring to death or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “The girl is only temporarily dead, as if she is sleeping” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
| 511 | MAT | 9 | 25 | nqs6 | figs-activepassive | ὅτε δὲ ἐξεβλήθη ὁ ὄχλος | 1 | But when the crowd had been put outside | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But after Jesus had sent the crowd outside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 512 | MAT | 9 | 25 | r7zs | grammar-connect-time-sequential | ὅτε δὲ ἐξεβλήθη ὁ ὄχλος | 1 | Here, **when** is showing that Jesus did not enter the house until after he made the family leave. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could show this relationship by using a fuller phrase. Alternate translation: “After Jesus made the family go out of the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) | |
| 513 | MAT | 9 | 25 | mm3q | figs-activepassive | ἠγέρθη τὸ κοράσιον | 1 | was raised up | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jesus raised the girl from the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 514 | MAT | 9 | 26 | rxs4 | figs-personification | καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἡ φήμη αὕτη εἰς ὅλην τὴν γῆν ἐκείνην | 1 | And this report went out into all that region | Here, **this report** is said to have **gone out** as a person might go out from a place. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “People reported what Jesus had done to the whole region” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 515 | MAT | 9 | 26 | pfq3 | figs-synecdoche | εἰς ὅλην τὴν γῆν ἐκείνην | 1 | Jesus refers figuratively to the **region** to mean the people who live in that region. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “to many of the people in that region” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 516 | MAT | 9 | 27 | d8bu | figs-explicit | ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς | 1 | Have mercy on us | Here, **have mercy** means that they want Jesus to heal them from their blindness. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Heal us from our blindness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 517 | MAT | 9 | 27 | dh5d | translate-kinship | Υἱὲ Δαυείδ | 1 | Son of David | Jesus was not David's literal **Son**, but his descendant. The title **Son of David** is also an important messianic title. Make sure this is clear to your readers. Alternate translation: “Descendant of King David, the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]]) |
| 518 | MAT | 9 | 28 | e81f | figs-ellipsis | ναί, Κύριε | 1 | Yes, Lord | The two blind men are leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “Yes, Lord, we believe you can heal us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 519 | MAT | 9 | 29 | w92e | figs-activepassive | κατὰ τὴν πίστιν ὑμῶν γενηθήτω ὑμῖν | 1 | Let it happen to you according to your faith | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will heal you it based on how much you have believed in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 520 | MAT | 9 | 30 | uk2a | figs-idiom | ἠνεῴχθησαν αὐτῶν οἱ ὀφθαλμοί | 1 | their eyes were opened | Here, **their eyes were opened** is an idiom that means they were able to see. Their eyes were already physically open. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “they were made able to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 521 | MAT | 9 | 30 | qa39 | figs-activepassive | ἠνεῴχθησαν αὐτῶν οἱ ὀφθαλμοί | 1 | their eyes were opened | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jesus made them able to see” or “Jesus caused them to be able to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 522 | MAT | 9 | 30 | t6p8 | figs-idiom | ὁρᾶτε μηδεὶς γινωσκέτω | 1 | See that no one knows about this | Here, **See** is figurative, meaning to be sure to do something. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “Be sure no one finds out about this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 523 | MAT | 9 | 32 | sh32 | translate-unknown | ἄνθρωπον κωφὸν | 1 | mute | A person who is **mute** is someone who is not able to talk. Use an expression from your language that describes someone who is unable to see. Alternate translation: “a person who was unable to see anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 524 | MAT | 9 | 32 | n6fs | figs-activepassive | ἄνθρωπον κωφὸν δαιμονιζόμενον | 1 | a mute, demon-possessed man | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a man whom a demon was controlling and making him mute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 525 | MAT | 9 | 33 | y4l5 | figs-activepassive | οὐδέποτε ἐφάνη οὕτως | 1 | Such as this has never been seen | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one has ever seen anything such as this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 526 | MAT | 9 | 34 | z2r7 | figs-explicit | ἐν τῷ ἄρχοντι τῶν δαιμονίων | 1 | he casts out the demons | Here, **the ruler of the demons** would have been understood by Jesus' audience as being Satan. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “By Satan, who rules the demons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 527 | MAT | 9 | 35 | x9ck | figs-hyperbole | τὰς πόλεις πάσας | 1 | all the cities | The word **all** is an exaggeration to emphasize how many **cities** Jesus went to. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your language. Alternate translation: “many of the cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 528 | MAT | 9 | 35 | uz5e | figs-abstractnouns | κηρύσσων τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς βασιλείας | 1 | the gospel of the kingdom | Here the abstract noun **kingdom** refers to God’s rule as king. See how you translated this in [4:23](../04/23.md). Alternate translation: “preaching the good news that God will make them one of his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 529 | MAT | 9 | 35 | e7at | figs-hendiadys | πᾶσαν νόσον καὶ πᾶσαν μαλακίαν | 1 | every disease and every sickness | This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use and. Alternate translation: “many different kinds of illnesses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
| 530 | MAT | 9 | 36 | t47i | figs-simile | ὡσεὶ πρόβατα μὴ ἔχοντα ποιμένα | 1 | like sheep not having a shepherd | Jesus compares the people sheep to who do not have a shepherd to lead them and take care of them. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “they did not have someone to lead them and take care of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 531 | MAT | 9 | 37 | mur4 | writing-proverbs | ὁ μὲν θερισμὸς πολύς, οἱ δὲ ἐργάται ὀλίγοι | 1 | The harvest is plentiful, but the laborers are few | Jesus uses a proverb to respond to what he is seeing. Jesus means there are a lot of people who are ready to believe God but only few people to teach them God’s truth. You can translate the proverb itself in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) |
| 532 | MAT | 9 | 37 | kxap | translate-unknown | ἐργάται | 1 | Here, **laborers** is a word that refers to people who work in a field to bring in food. Use a term in your language for this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 533 | MAT | 9 | 38 | vz8y | figs-possession | δεήθητε…τοῦ Κυρίου τοῦ θερισμοῦ | 1 | beg the Lord of the harvest | Here, **of** means that the harvest belongs to the Lord, and that he has control over it. If this is not clear in your language, you could state this in a clearer way. Alternate translation: “beg the Lord, who is in charge of the harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
| 534 | MAT | 9 | 38 | s7ir | ἐργάτας | 1 | See how you translated **laborers** in the previous verse. | ||
| 535 | MAT | 10 | intro | m5iu | 0 | # Matthew 10 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The sending of the twelve disciples<br><br>Many verses in this chapter describe how Jesus sent the twelve disciples out. He sent them to tell his message about the kingdom of heaven. They were to tell his message only in Israel and not to share it with the Gentiles.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### The twelve disciples<br><br>The following are the lists of the twelve disciples:<br><br>In Matthew:<br><br>Simon (Peter), Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot.<br><br>In Mark:<br><br>Simon (Peter), Andrew, James the son of Zebedee and John the son of Zebedee (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder), Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot.<br><br>In Luke:<br><br>Simon (Peter), Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Simon (who was called the Zealot), Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot.<br><br>Thaddaeus is probably the same person as Jude, the son of James.<br><br>### “The kingdom of heaven has come near”<br><br>No one knows for sure whether the “kingdom of heaven” was present or still coming when John spoke these words. English translations often use the phrase “at hand,” but these words can be difficult to translate. Other versions use the phrases “is coming near” and “has come near.” | |||
| 536 | MAT | 10 | 1 | nhp2 | writing-newevent | καὶ | 1 | Connecting Statement: | This verse begins the account of Jesus sending his disciples out to share his message with the people in the surrounding towns. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Some time later” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
| 537 | MAT | 10 | 1 | x1er | figs-abstractnouns | ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν | 1 | he gave them authority | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “he made able to have power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 538 | MAT | 10 | 2 | t59v | writing-background | δὲ | 1 | Now | **Now** is used to add needed background information about the twelve apostles. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
| 539 | MAT | 10 | 2 | sc7b | translate-ordinal | πρῶτος | 1 | first | This is **first** in order, not in rank. If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a way in your language for marking the first thing in a list. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) |
| 540 | MAT | 10 | 4 | n4st | translate-unknown | Σίμων ὁ Καναναῖος | 1 | the Zealot | The word **Zealot** describes a group of people who were desiring to see the Jewish people freed from the rule of the Roman Empire. This likely means that **Simon** was a part of this group. If your language would not understand this, you can state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Simon, who was a part of the group called the Zealots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 541 | MAT | 10 | 4 | kmp2 | grammar-connect-time-background | ὁ καὶ παραδοὺς αὐτόν | 1 | who also betrayed him | Matthew writes **who also betrayed him** to give some extra information to the readers about what Judas did later to Jesus. Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “This is the one who led the people to Jesus to arrest and kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) |
| 542 | MAT | 10 | 5 | sn9v | figs-events | τούτους τοὺς δώδεκα ἀπέστειλεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς παραγγείλας αὐτοῖς λέγων | 1 | General Information: | Although this verse begins by saying that Jesus sent out the twelve, he gives these instructions before sending them out. If this is confusing in your language, you could make the order of events clear. Alternate translation: “Before Jesus sent the Twelve out, he instructed them, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) |
| 543 | MAT | 10 | 5 | c46d | τούτους τοὺς δώδεκα ἀπέστειλεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς | 1 | These Twelve Jesus sent out | See how you translated this in [10:2](../010/02.md) | |
| 544 | MAT | 10 | 5 | yix4 | figs-explicit | ἀπέστειλεν | 1 | sent out | Jesus **sent** them **out** to teach people his message. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “sent out…to teach people his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 545 | MAT | 10 | 6 | oxi3 | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | δὲ | 1 | What follows the word **but** here is in contrast to what was before it. Jesus prefers the disciples to go to the people of Israel instead of the non-Jewish people. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “But rather” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) | |
| 546 | MAT | 10 | 6 | q1pb | figs-metaphor | τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἀπολωλότα οἴκου Ἰσραήλ | 1 | the lost sheep of the house of Israel | This is a metaphor comparing the people of the nation of Israel who are not obeying God to **lost sheep** who have strayed from their shepherd. If your readers would not understand what **sheep** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “those of the people of Israel who have strayed from God like lost sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 547 | MAT | 10 | 6 | b6i2 | figs-metonymy | οἴκου Ἰσραήλ | 1 | of the house of Israel | This refers to the people who live in **Israel**. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “of the people of Israel” or “of the descendants of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 548 | MAT | 10 | 7 | w59i | figs-metonymy | ἤγγικεν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν | 1 | The kingdom of the heavens has come near | See how you translated this in [3:2](../03/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 549 | MAT | 10 | 8 | bb4d | figs-idiom | νεκροὺς ἐγείρετε | 1 | raise the dead | Here, **raise the dead** is an idiom meaning to bring people who are dead back to life. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language.Alternate translation: “cause the dead to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 550 | MAT | 10 | 8 | kk2m | figs-litany | ἀσθενοῦντας θεραπεύετε, νεκροὺς ἐγείρετε, λεπροὺς καθαρίζετε, δαιμόνια ἐκβάλλετε | 1 | Here, Jesus uses a repetitive series of sentences to tell his disciples what they ought to go out and do. These are all ways that the disciples can help people. Use a form in your language that someone would use to list things that someone should go and do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litany]]) | |
| 551 | MAT | 10 | 8 | ilj9 | figs-ellipsis | δωρεὰν ἐλάβετε, δωρεὰν δότε | 1 | Freely you have received, freely give | Jesus did not state what the disciples had **received** or were to **give**. Some languages may require this information in the sentence. This is referring to the abilities which Jesus gave to the disciples in [4:2](../04/02.md). If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “I have given these abilities to you without cost, so you should use them to help others without cost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 552 | MAT | 10 | 9 | b4m7 | translate-unknown | μὴ κτήσησθε χρυσὸν, μηδὲ ἄργυρον, μηδὲ χαλκὸν εἰς τὰς ζώνας ὑμῶν | 1 | purses | A **belt** is a long strip of cloth or leather worn around the waist. It was often wide enough that it could be folded and used to carry money. lf your readers would not use a belt for this purpose, you can express this with the word for whatever you use to carry money. Alternate translation: “Do not carry money with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 553 | MAT | 10 | 9 | a4xx | figs-metonymy | χρυσὸν, μηδὲ ἄργυρον, μηδὲ χαλκὸν | 1 | gold, or silver, or copper | **gold**, silver** and **copper** are metals out of which coins were made. This list is a metonym for money. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “valuable metals” or “money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 554 | MAT | 10 | 10 | kia9 | translate-unknown | πήραν | 1 | a bag | A **bag** is something that is worn that a person can carry their belongings in. If your language does not have a word for this, you can use something in your culture that you put things in to carry them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 555 | MAT | 10 | 10 | i2ex | translate-unknown | δύο χιτῶνας | 1 | two tunics | Use the same word you used for **tunic** in [5:40](../05/40.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 556 | MAT | 10 | 10 | m97h | writing-proverbs | ἄξιος γὰρ ὁ ἐργάτης τῆς τροφῆς αὐτοῦ | 1 | of his food | The proverb **for the laborer {is} worthy of his food** is giving the reason why Jesus' disciples should not bring anything with them. Jesus is saying that God will provide his disciples, the **laborer**, with what they need. You can translate the proverb itself in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “For God will provide the laborer with what he needs to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) |
| 557 | MAT | 10 | 11 | a41d | figs-explicit | κἀκεῖ μείνατε ἕως ἂν ἐξέλθητε | 1 | and stay there until you might leave | In this sentence, **there** means the **worthy** person's house. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and stay at that person's house until you leave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 558 | MAT | 10 | 12 | n6cm | figs-metonymy | εἰσερχόμενοι δὲ εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν, ἀσπάσασθε αὐτήν | 1 | But entering into the house, greet it | 1The word **it** refers to the **house**. Here, **house** represents the people who live in the house. So, Matthew is saying to great the people in the house. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “As you enter the house, greet the people who live in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 559 | MAT | 10 | 13 | kc9m | figs-metonymy | μὲν ᾖ ἡ οἰκία ἀξία…μὴ ᾖ ἀξία | 1 | the house might be worthy … it might not be worthy | Here, **the house** represents those who live in the house. A **worthy** person is a person who is willing to welcome the disciples into their house. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the people who live in that house receive you well…the people who live in that house do not receive you well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 560 | MAT | 10 | 14 | wpjk | translate-symaction | ἐκτινάξατε τὸν κονιορτὸν τῶν ποδῶν ὑμῶν | 1 | The phrase **shake off the dust from your feet** was an expression of strong rejection in this culture. It showed that someone did not want even the dust of a town to remain on them. If there is a similar gesture in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
| 561 | MAT | 10 | 15 | sg3c | figs-metonymy | γῇ Σοδόμων καὶ Γομόρρων | 1 | for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah | Here, **the land of Sodom and Gomorrah** refers to the people who lived in **Sodom and Gomorrah**. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the people who lived in the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 562 | MAT | 10 | 15 | p8t4 | figs-explicit | γῇ Σοδόμων καὶ Γομόρρων | 1 | Jesus would have expected his hearers to know that Sodom and Gomorrah were cities filled with many wicked people, and that God would judge these people harshly. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 563 | MAT | 10 | 15 | zmm2 | figs-explicit | τῇ πόλει ἐκείνῃ | 1 | for that city | Here, **that city** is referring to the city which does not accept Jesus' disciples. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “for the city that does not receive you and listen to your words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 564 | MAT | 10 | 16 | b262 | figs-simile | ὡς πρόβατα ἐν μέσῳ λύκων | 1 | as sheep in the midst of wolves | Sheep are defenseless animals that **wolves** often attack. Jesus is stating that people who are as dangerous as **wolves** may harm the disciples, who are defenseless like **sheep**. Jesus is not using the same sheep metaphor as he used in [10:6](../10/06.md). If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “as defenseless sheep among people who are like dangerous wolves” or “to dangerous places where people might attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 565 | MAT | 10 | 16 | s21a | figs-simile | γίνεσθε…φρόνιμοι ὡς οἱ ὄφεις καὶ ἀκέραιοι ὡς αἱ περιστεραί | 1 | be wise as the serpents and harmless as the doves | Jesus is telling the disciples they must be cautious like a **snake** and **harmless** like *doves** around the dangerous the people. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “act with wisdom and caution, as well as with innocence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 566 | MAT | 10 | 17 | fct4 | translate-unknown | συνέδρια | 1 | councils | The **councils** were groups of leaders who helped solve issues among people in their community. They acted like a court. If your readers would not be familiar with this, you could use term in your language for something like this, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “members of their community who were in authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 567 | MAT | 10 | 18 | pe3d | figs-activepassive | ἀχθήσεσθε | 1 | you will even be brought | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that “the men” mentioned in the previous verse did it. Alternate translation: “the men will bring you” or “people will bring you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 568 | MAT | 10 | 18 | p74k | grammar-connect-logic-result | ἐπὶ ἡγεμόνας δὲ καὶ βασιλεῖς ἀχθήσεσθε ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ | 1 | for my sake | If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the first phrase. Alternate translation: “Because you are my disciples, they will bring you before rulers and kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 569 | MAT | 10 | 19 | e5t6 | ὅταν δὲ παραδῶσιν ὑμᾶς | 1 | But when they may deliver you up | Here, **they** are the same people as in [10:17](../10/17.md). Alternate translation: “But when people take you to the councils” | |
| 570 | MAT | 10 | 19 | ien3 | figs-hendiadys | πῶς ἢ τί λαλήσητε | 1 | how or what you should speak | This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use **and**. Alternate translation: “what you might say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
| 571 | MAT | 10 | 19 | l7rb | figs-activepassive | δοθήσεται γὰρ ὑμῖν…τί λαλήσητε | 1 | for what you should say will be given to you in that hour | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for God will give to you what you should say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 572 | MAT | 10 | 19 | gosj | figs-idiom | δοθήσεται…ὑμῖν | 1 | Here, **will be given to you** is figurative for God telling the disciples what to say in this situation. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “God will tell you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 573 | MAT | 10 | 19 | cm7h | figs-metonymy | ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ὥρᾳ | 1 | in that hour | Here, **in that hour** means “at that time”. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “at that time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 574 | MAT | 10 | 20 | vjlm | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | ἀλλὰ | 1 | What follows the word **but** here is in contrast to what was before it. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “But rather” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) | |
| 575 | MAT | 10 | 20 | v9tm | figs-explicit | τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν | 1 | the Spirit of your Father | Here, **the Spirit of your Father** is referring to the Holy Spirit, and not a spirit of an earthly father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “The Holy Spirit, who is of your Heavenly Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 576 | MAT | 10 | 20 | k3xr | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν | 1 | of your Father | **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 577 | MAT | 10 | 20 | zxd8 | ἐν ὑμῖν | 1 | in you | Alternate translation: “through you” | |
| 578 | MAT | 10 | 21 | lh6z | figs-abstractnouns | παραδώσει…ἀδελφὸς ἀδελφὸν εἰς θάνατον | 1 | will deliver up brother to death | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “A man will have his brother killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 579 | MAT | 10 | 21 | p8w9 | figs-ellipsis | πατὴρ τέκνον | 1 | a father his child | Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “a father will have his child killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 580 | MAT | 10 | 21 | j5jl | figs-idiom | ἐπαναστήσονται τέκνα | 1 | Here, **to rise up against** is an idiom meaning to rebel against an authority. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “children will rebel against their parents ἐπὶ γονεῖς” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 581 | MAT | 10 | 22 | sp6p | figs-activepassive | ἔσεσθε μισούμενοι ὑπὸ πάντων | 1 | you will be hated by everyone | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Many people will hate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 582 | MAT | 10 | 22 | c7jk | figs-hyperbole | πάντων | 1 | Here, **everyone** is figurative for many people. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your language that expresses this. Alternate translation: “many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
| 583 | MAT | 10 | 22 | n3xn | figs-metonymy | διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου | 1 | because of my name | Here, **name** refers to the Jesus himself. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “because of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 584 | MAT | 10 | 22 | k5w9 | figs-genericnoun | ὁ…ὑπομείνας | 1 | the one who endures | Jesus is speaking of people in general, not of one particular person. If your readers would misunderstand this, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “If a person remains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) |
| 585 | MAT | 10 | 22 | qn7j | figs-activepassive | οὗτος σωθήσεται | 1 | he will be saved | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will save him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 586 | MAT | 10 | 23 | m42z | figs-genericnoun | ἐν τῇ πόλει ταύτῃ | 1 | in this city | Here, **this** does not refer to a specific **city**, but cities in general. If your readers would misunderstand this, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “in a city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) |
| 587 | MAT | 10 | 23 | jjd4 | figs-ellipsis | φεύγετε εἰς τὴν ἑτέραν | 1 | flee to the next | Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “run away to the next city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 588 | MAT | 10 | 23 | dk4u | figs-123person | Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου | 1 | Son of Man | Here, Jesus is referring to himself when he says “Son of Man”. If this would be confusing in your language, you can clarify. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 589 | MAT | 10 | 23 | tm8z | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου | 1 | may come | **Son of Man** is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 590 | MAT | 10 | 24 | p8mr | writing-proverbs | οὐκ ἔστιν μαθητὴς ὑπὲρ τὸν διδάσκαλον, οὐδὲ δοῦλος ὑπὲρ τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ | 1 | A disciple is not above his teacher, nor a slave above his master | Jesus is using a proverb to teach his disciples a general truth. Jesus is emphasizing that the disciples should not expect people to treat them any better than the people treat Jesus, who is more important than them. You can translate the proverb itself in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) |
| 591 | MAT | 10 | 24 | syb2 | figs-ellipsis | οὐδὲ δοῦλος ὑπὲρ τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ | 1 | A disciple is not above his teacher | Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “nor is a slave above his master” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 592 | MAT | 10 | 25 | e6z3 | figs-ellipsis | ὁ δοῦλος ὡς ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ | 1 | the slave like his master | Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “it is enough for a slave to be like his master” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 593 | MAT | 10 | 25 | pu5y | figs-metaphor | εἰ τὸν οἰκοδεσπότην Βεελζεβοὺλ ἐπεκάλεσαν | 1 | the master of the house | Jesus refers to himself as **the master of the house**. This is figurative, meaning that he is the most important person among the group of him and disciples. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternative translation: “If they call me, who is like the master of the house, Beelzebul” or “If they call me, who is more important, Beelzebul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 594 | MAT | 10 | 25 | y5md | translate-transliterate | Βεελζεβοὺλ | 1 | Beelzebul | The name **Beelzebul** could be translated: (1) as “Beelzebul” or (2) with its original, intended meaning of “Satan”. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) |
| 595 | MAT | 10 | 25 | r5ll | figs-metaphor | τοὺς οἰκιακοὺς αὐτοῦ | 1 | the members of his household | Here, **the members of his household** is figuratively referring to Jesus' disciples. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternative translation: “Jesus' disciples, who are like the members of his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 596 | MAT | 10 | 26 | x4o8 | figs-parallelism | οὐδὲν…ἐστιν κεκαλυμμένον ὃ οὐκ ἀποκαλυφθήσεται, καὶ κρυπτὸν ὃ οὐ γνωσθήσεται | 1 | there is nothing concealed that will not be revealed, and hidden, that will not be made known | Here, **there is nothing concealed that will not be revealed** means the same thing as **hidden, that will not be made known**. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “there is nothing hidden that will not be revealed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 597 | MAT | 10 | 26 | cnzb | writing-proverbs | οὐδὲν γάρ ἐστιν κεκαλυμμένον ὃ οὐκ ἀποκαλυφθήσεται, καὶ κρυπτὸν ὃ οὐ γνωσθήσεται | 1 | Here, Jesus uses a proverb to teach his disciples. Jesus is explaining that all of the evil which people have done in secret, God will reveal when he judges people. you can translate the proverb itself in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) | |
| 598 | MAT | 10 | 26 | xqs4 | figs-doublenegatives | οὐδὲν…ἐστιν κεκαλυμμένον ὃ οὐκ ἀποκαλυφθήσεται | 1 | there is nothing concealed that will not be revealed, and hidden, that will not be made known | If this double negative would be misunderstood in your language, you could translate it as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “everything which is hidden will be revealed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 599 | MAT | 10 | 26 | j86e | figs-activepassive | οὐδὲν…ἐστιν κεκαλυμμένον ὃ οὐκ ἀποκαλυφθήσεται, καὶ κρυπτὸν ὃ οὐ γνωσθήσεται | 1 | there is nothing concealed that will not be revealed, and hidden, that will not be made known | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has not concealed anything which he will not reveal, nor hidden anything which he will not cause other people to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 600 | MAT | 10 | 27 | fa1s | figs-parallelism | ὃ λέγω ὑμῖν ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ, εἴπατε ἐν τῷ φωτί; καὶ ὃ εἰς τὸ οὖς ἀκούετε, κηρύξατε ἐπὶ τῶν δωμάτων | 1 | What I tell you in the darkness, say in the daylight, and what you hear in your ear, proclaim upon the housetops | Both of these statements mean the same thing. Jesus is emphasizing that the disciples should tell everyone what he tells the disciples in private. Alternate translation: “Tell everyone in public what I tell you privately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 601 | MAT | 10 | 27 | kw75 | figs-metonymy | ὃ λέγω ὑμῖν ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ, εἴπατε ἐν τῷ φωτί | 1 | What I tell you in the darkness, say in the daylight | Here, **darkness** is a metonym for “private, and **daylight** is a metonym for “public.” If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “What I tell you privately, say in public” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 602 | MAT | 10 | 27 | fc49 | figs-idiom | ὃ εἰς τὸ οὖς ἀκούετε | 1 | what you hear in your ear | Here, **what you hear in {your} ear** is a way of referring to whispering. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “what I whisper to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 603 | MAT | 10 | 27 | v1b7 | figs-metonymy | κηρύξατε ἐπὶ τῶν δωμάτων | 1 | Here, **housetops** refers to any high place where all people can hear a person speaking. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “speak loudly in a public place where many people can hear you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 604 | MAT | 10 | 28 | pk7k | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | δὲ | 2 | But instead, fear the one who is able | Matthew contrasts people with God by using the word **but**. People are only able to kill our physical bodies, but God **is able** to kill both our physical bodies and our spiritual souls. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “But rather” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
| 605 | MAT | 10 | 28 | w5rq | figs-metaphor | Γεέννῃ | 1 | Jesus figuratively uses the name of **Gehenna**, where refuse was thrown and fires burned continually, to mean hell. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternative translation: “Hell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 606 | MAT | 10 | 28 | x3y1 | translate-names | Γεέννῃ | 1 | Gehenna is the name for a place, the Valley of Hinnom just outside Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 607 | MAT | 10 | 29 | tm3s | writing-proverbs | οὐχὶ δύο στρουθία ἀσσαρίου πωλεῖται? καὶ ἓν ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐ πεσεῖται ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν, ἄνευ τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν | 1 | Are not two sparrows sold for an assarion? | Jesus uses this proverb to express that even though sparrows are worth very little money, God still watches over them because he created them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) |
| 608 | MAT | 10 | 29 | glbl | figs-rquestion | οὐχὶ δύο στρουθία ἀσσαρίου πωλεῖται? | 1 | Are not two sparrows sold for an assarion? | Jesus uses this question to teach his disciples about how much God cares about them. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Sparrows have so little value that you can buy two of them for only one small coin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 609 | MAT | 10 | 29 | q22l | translate-unknown | στρουθία | 1 | sparrows | These **sparrows** are very small, seed-eating birds. Alternate translation: “small birds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 610 | MAT | 10 | 29 | i399 | translate-unknown | ἀσσαρίου | 1 | for an assarion | An **assarion** refers to a copper coin worth about one-sixteenth of a day’s wage for a laborer. This is often translated as the least valuable coin available in your country. Alternate translation: “very little money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 611 | MAT | 10 | 29 | zayd | figs-activepassive | οὐχὶ δύο στρουθία ἀσσαρίου πωλεῖται | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do people not sell two sparrows for an assarion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 612 | MAT | 10 | 29 | wxt4 | figs-doublenegatives | ἓν ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐ πεσεῖται ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν, ἄνευ τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν | 1 | not one of them will fall to the ground without the knowledge of your Father | If this double negative would be misunderstood in your language, you could translate it as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “your Father knows when even one sparrow dies and falls to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 613 | MAT | 10 | 29 | id3c | figs-euphemism | πεσεῖται ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν | 1 | Here, **fall upon the ground** is a polite way of referring to something unpleasant. If this would be misunderstood in your language, use a different polite way of referring to this or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “does not die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | Here, **will fall to the ground** is a polite way of referring to the sparrow dying. If this would be misunderstood in your language, use a different polite way of referring to this or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
| 614 | MAT | 10 | 29 | fe8z | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν | 1 | of your Father | **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 615 | MAT | 10 | 30 | cih3 | figs-activepassive | ὑμῶν…καὶ αἱ τρίχες τῆς κεφαλῆς πᾶσαι ἠριθμημέναι εἰσίν | 1 | even the hairs of your head are all numbered | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God knows even how many hairs are on your head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 616 | MAT | 10 | 32 | n1nb | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | τοῦ Πατρός μου | 1 | my Father | **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 617 | MAT | 10 | 32 | lo11 | figs-gendernotations | ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων | 1 | Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) | |
| 618 | MAT | 10 | 32 | b8cl | figs-metonymy | ἐν οὐρανοῖς | 1 | See how you translated **in the heavens** in [5:16](../05/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 619 | MAT | 10 | 33 | d15s | figs-gendernotations | ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων | 1 | would deny me before men | See how you translated **before men** in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 620 | MAT | 10 | 33 | p2wm | figs-metonymy | ἐν οὐρανοῖς | 1 | See how you translated this in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 621 | MAT | 10 | 34 | l5ad | figs-metonymy | ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν | 1 | upon the earth | Here, **upon the earth** refers to the people who live on **the earth**. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “to the people of the earth” or “among people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 622 | MAT | 10 | 34 | uaap | figs-ellipsis | ἀλλὰ μάχαιραν | 1 | Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “but I have come to bring a sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
| 623 | MAT | 10 | 34 | jq6d | figs-metonymy | μάχαιραν | 1 | a sword | The **sword** is figurative for division and fighting. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “division among people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 624 | MAT | 10 | 35 | xx5m | figs-ellipsis | καὶ θυγατέρα κατὰ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτῆς, καὶ νύμφην κατὰ τῆς πενθερᾶς αὐτῆς | 1 | to set a man against | Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “and to set a daughter against her mother, and to set a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 625 | MAT | 10 | 37 | fb3p | οὐκ ἔστιν μου ἄξιος…οὐκ ἔστιν μου ἄξιος | 2 | worthy of me | See how you translated **worthy** in [10:10](../10/10.md). | |
| 626 | MAT | 10 | 38 | ye95 | figs-metonymy | οὐ λαμβάνει τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀκολουθεῖ ὀπίσω μου | 1 | does not take up his cross and follow after me | Here, the **cross** is figurative for people harming or killing you because you belong to Jesus. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “does not suffer because they belong to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 627 | MAT | 10 | 38 | ai2r | οὐκ ἔστιν μου ἄξιος | 1 | does not take up | See how you translated **worthy** in the previous verse. | |
| 628 | MAT | 10 | 39 | u4jh | writing-proverbs | ὁ εὑρὼν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἀπολέσει αὐτήν; καὶ ὁ ἀπολέσας τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ εὑρήσει αὐτήν | 1 | The one who found his life will lose it, and the one who lost his life for my sake will find it | Jesus uses a proverb to teach his disciples about following him. Since Jesus does not explain its meaning, you can translate the proverb itself in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “Those who desire to not have people hurt them because they belong to me will not spend eternity with God. But those who accept harm from people because they belong to me will spend eternity with God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) |
| 629 | MAT | 10 | 39 | jwf2 | figs-metaphor | ὁ εὑρὼν…εὑρήσει | 1 | The one who found | Here, **found** and **find** are figurative for obtaining something. If your readers would not understand what it means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternative translation: “The one who retains…will gain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 630 | MAT | 10 | 39 | pbf3 | figs-explicit | ἀπολέσει αὐτήν | 1 | will lose it | Here, Jesus is saying that if a person tries to save his physical life from people who want to kill him for belonging to Jesus, God will punish him after he dies. But if a person suffers during his life on earth because he belongs to Jesus, God will not punish him after he dies. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 631 | MAT | 10 | 40 | c77e | figs-explicit | ὁ δεχόμενος ὑμᾶς ἐμὲ δέχεται | 1 | The one receiving | Jesus says that people **receive me** when they receive the disciples because Jesus is always with his disciples, and so it is like they receive him. If your readers would not understand what it means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “The one who receives you, my disciples, it will be like he also receives me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 632 | MAT | 10 | 40 | y9ck | figs-metaphor | ὁ ἐμὲ δεχόμενος δέχεται τὸν ἀποστείλαντά με | 1 | the one receiving me receives the one who sent me | Here, **the one receiving me receives the one who sent me** means that when someone **receives** Jesus, it is like **receiving** God the Father, who sent Jesus. If your readers would not understand what it means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternative translation: “the one who receives me, it is like he receives my Father who sent me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 633 | MAT | 10 | 41 | f9pv | writing-proverbs | ὁ δεχόμενος προφήτην εἰς ὄνομα προφήτου, μισθὸν προφήτου λήμψεται; καὶ ὁ δεχόμενος δίκαιον εἰς ὄνομα δικαίου, μισθὸν δικαίου λήμψεται | 1 | in the name of a prophet | Jesus tells this proverb to show how important it is for people to receive his disciples. You can translate the proverb itself in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “People who welcome one of God's prophets, God will reward him as a he rewards the prophets. And people who welcome someone who obeys God, God will reward him like that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) |
| 634 | MAT | 10 | 41 | yj1q | figs-explicit | ὁ δεχόμενος προφήτην εἰς ὄνομα προφήτου, μισθὸν προφήτου λήμψεται; καὶ ὁ δεχόμενος δίκαιον εἰς ὄνομα δικαίου, μισθὸν δικαίου λήμψεται | 1 | a reward of a prophet | This **reward** is referring to living with God forever. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “To the one who receives the prophet, God will give him the reward of living with him forever, as he gives to the prophets. And to the one who receives the person who obeys God, God will give to him the reward of living with him forever, which he gives to those who obey him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 635 | MAT | 10 | 42 | v6jg | figs-genericnoun | ὃς ἐὰν ποτίσῃ | 1 | whoever might give … to drink | Jesus is speaking of people in general, not of one particular person. If your readers would misunderstand this, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “If a person gives…to drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) |
| 636 | MAT | 10 | 42 | z8tk | ἕνα τῶν μικρῶν τούτων | 1 | to one of these little ones | The phrase **these little ones** refers figuratively to Jesus’ disciples. If your readers would not understand what **little ones** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternative translation: “one of my disciples, who are like my children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 637 | MAT | 10 | 42 | d61l | figs-explicit | τὸν μισθὸν αὐτοῦ | 1 | he may certainly not lose | See the note on **reward** in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 638 | MAT | 11 | intro | puf4 | 0 | # Matthew 11 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted material in 11:10.<br><br>Some scholars believe that [Matthew 11:20](../mat/11/20.md) begins a new stage in the ministry of Christ because of Israel’s rejection of him.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Hidden revelation<br><br>After [Matthew 11:20](../mat/11/20.md), Jesus begins to reveal information about himself and about the plans of God the Father, while hiding this information from those who reject him ([Matthew 11:25](../mat/11/25.md)).<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “The kingdom of heaven is near”<br><br>No one knows for sure whether the “kingdom of heaven” was present or still coming when John spoke these words. English translations often use The phrase **at hand**, but these words can be difficult to translate. Other versions use the phrases “is coming near” and “has come near.” | |||
| 639 | MAT | 11 | 1 | z2y7 | writing-newevent | καὶ ἐγένετο | 1 | General Information: | **And it happened** is the beginning of a new part of the story where Matthew tells of how Jesus responded to disciples of John the Baptist. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Some time later” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
| 640 | MAT | 11 | 1 | dr3u | figs-doublet | τοῦ διδάσκειν καὶ κηρύσσειν | 1 | It came about that when | Here, the phrases **to teach** and **to preach** mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize that Jesus was teaching the people there. If your language does not use repetition to do this, you could use one phrase and provide emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “to proclaim many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 641 | MAT | 11 | 2 | f3j7 | figs-extrainfo | ὁ…Ἰωάννης, ἀκούσας ἐν τῷ δεσμωτηρίῳ | 1 | John, having heard in the prison about | Matthew had not yet told his audience why **John** was **in prison**. Since Matthew explains the story of how John ended up in prison in [14:4-5](../14/4-5.md), you do not need to tell your reader why here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]]) |
| 642 | MAT | 11 | 3 | w2im | figs-explicit | ὁ ἐρχόμενος | 1 | said to him | Here, **the one coming** is referring to the prophet whom God promised to send. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the one whom God promised to send” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 643 | MAT | 11 | 3 | q89t | figs-ellipsis | ἢ ἕτερον προσδοκῶμεν | 1 | Are you the one coming | John's disciples are leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “or should we expect someone else to come after you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 644 | MAT | 11 | 3 | hrk5 | figs-exclusive | ἕτερον προσδοκῶμεν | 1 | are we expecting another? | Here, the word **we** is referring to either (1) John's disciples, or (2) the Jewish people in general. It is not including Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 645 | MAT | 11 | 5 | dyxy | figs-litany | τυφλοὶ ἀναβλέπουσιν, καὶ χωλοὶ περιπατοῦσιν, λεπροὶ καθαρίζονται, καὶ κωφοὶ ἀκούουσιν, καὶ νεκροὶ ἐγείρονται, καὶ πτωχοὶ εὐαγγελίζονται | 1 | Here, Jesus lists all of the things which he has done to the people during his ministry. Use a form in your language that someone would use to list things that they have done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litany]]) | |
| 646 | MAT | 11 | 5 | tjuc | figs-nominaladj | τυφλοὶ…χωλοὶ…λεπροὶ…κωφοὶ…νεκροὶ…πτωχοὶ | 1 | Jesus is using the adjectives **blind**, **lame**, **lepers**, **deaf**, **dead**, and **poor** as nouns in order to describe a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
| 647 | MAT | 11 | 5 | sd6c | figs-activepassive | λεπροὶ καθαρίζονται | 1 | lepers are cleansed | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I am making lepers clean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 648 | MAT | 11 | 5 | v274 | figs-idiom | νεκροὶ ἐγείρονται | 1 | the dead are raised | Here, the word **raised** is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “I am causing people to become alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 649 | MAT | 11 | 5 | k796 | figs-activepassive | νεκροὶ ἐγείρονται | 1 | the dead are raised | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Jesus implies that he did it. Alternate translation: “I am raising dead people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 650 | MAT | 11 | 5 | g3k4 | figs-activepassive | πτωχοὶ εὐαγγελίζονται | 1 | the poor are being told the gospel | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Jesus implies that he did it. Alternate translation: “I am telling the poor good news” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 651 | MAT | 11 | 7 | d4lo | figs-explicit | τούτων δὲ πορευομένων | 1 | Here, the word **these** refers to John's disciples. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “As John's disciples left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 652 | MAT | 11 | 7 | ysq6 | figs-rquestion | τί ἐξήλθατε εἰς τὴν ἔρημον θεάσασθαι? κάλαμον ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενον? | 1 | What did you go out in the wilderness to see—a reed being shaken by the wind? | Jesus uses a question to cause the people to think about what kind of person John the Baptist is. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Surely you did not go out to the wilderness to see a reed being shaken by the wind!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 653 | MAT | 11 | 7 | ydn2 | figs-metaphor | κάλαμον ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενον | 1 | Here, the phrase **reed being shaken by the wind** is figuratively referring to a person who is easily affected by the people around them as a reed is affected by the wind. If your readers would not understand what it means in this context, you could use a simile, as in the UST. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “a man who is easily affected by other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 654 | MAT | 11 | 7 | w269 | figs-activepassive | κάλαμον ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενον | 1 | being shaken by the wind | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a reed which the wind is blowing around” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 655 | MAT | 11 | 8 | n5hx | figs-rquestion | ἀλλὰ τί ἐξήλθατε ἰδεῖν? ἄνθρωπον ἐν μαλακοῖς ἠμφιεσμένον? | 1 | But what did you go out to see—a man dressed in soft clothing? | Jesus uses these questions to cause the people to think about what kind of person John the Baptist is. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Likewise, surely you did not go out to see a man clothed in expensive clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 656 | MAT | 11 | 8 | y24r | figs-ellipsis | ἀλλὰ τί ἐξήλθατε ἰδεῖν | 1 | dressed in soft clothing | Here, Jesus leaves out the word “desert” from the previous verse. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply this word from the context. Alternate translation: “But what did you go out to the desert to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 657 | MAT | 11 | 9 | gm97 | figs-rquestion | ἀλλὰ τί ἐξήλθατε? προφήτην ἰδεῖν | 1 | But what did you go out to see—a prophet? | Jesus uses a question to make the people think about what kind of man John the Baptist is. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “But surely you went out to the desert to see a prophet!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 658 | MAT | 11 | 9 | fb75 | figs-ellipsis | περισσότερον προφήτου | 1 | much more than a prophet | Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “you went out to see a much more important prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 659 | MAT | 11 | 10 | de17 | figs-activepassive | οὗτός ἐστιν περὶ οὗ γέγραπται | 1 | This is he concerning whom it has been written | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “This is the one whom the prophets wrote about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 660 | MAT | 11 | 10 | fi5e | figs-idiom | πρὸ προσώπου σου | 1 | before your face | Here, the phrase **before your face** is an idiom which means that “the messenger” was sent first, and then the second person came after them. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could clarify. Alternate translation: “first” or “before you”. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 661 | MAT | 11 | 10 | kva7 | figs-metaphor | κατασκευάσει τὴν ὁδόν σου ἔμπροσθέν σου | 1 | will prepare your way before you | That the messenger will **prepare your way** represents preparing the people for the Lord’s arrival. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you can express this explicitly. Alternate translation: “who will prepare the people for your arrival” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 662 | MAT | 11 | 11 | z5yq | figs-idiom | ἐν γεννητοῖς γυναικῶν | 1 | among those born of women | The phrase those born of women is an idiom that refers to all people. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “of all the people who have ever lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 663 | MAT | 11 | 11 | r9ws | figs-activepassive | ἐν γεννητοῖς γυναικῶν | 1 | If you would like to retain the idiom but your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “among those whom women have borne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 664 | MAT | 11 | 11 | c093 | figs-litotes | οὐκ ἐγήγερται ἐν γεννητοῖς γυναικῶν μείζων Ἰωάννου τοῦ Βαπτιστοῦ | 1 | Jesus uses a negative figure of speech to express how great John the Baptist is. If this is confusing in your language, you can express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “Among those who have been born of human origin, John the Baptist is the greatest that has arisen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 665 | MAT | 11 | 11 | cag4 | figs-metonymy | ὁ…μικρότερος ἐν τῇ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν μείζων αὐτοῦ ἐστιν | 1 | the least important in the kingdom of the heavens | See how you translated **kingdom of the heavens** in [3:2](../03/02.md) Alternate translation: “but those who are the least important among the people whom God rules over are greater than he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 666 | MAT | 11 | 12 | mb4v | figs-idiom | ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν ἡμερῶν Ἰωάννου τοῦ Βαπτιστοῦ | 1 | But from the days of John the Baptist | The word **days** is an idiom referring to a specific time period. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “from the time of John the Baptist's preaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 667 | MAT | 11 | 12 | inr2 | ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν βιάζεται, καὶ βιασταὶ ἁρπάζουσιν αὐτήν | 1 | the kingdom of heaven suffers violence, and violent men take it by force | This verse is difficult to understand, and many scholars disagree on its meaning. The different options are (1) that it refers to people attacking God's kingdom and the people who are his. Alternate translation: “The kingdom of the heavens is attacked violently, and many violent people try to conquer it” or (2) It also be understood instead as referring to the God's kingdom triumphing in the world. Alternate translation: “The kingdom of the heavens triumphs forcefully, and powerful men have control over it”. | |
| 668 | MAT | 11 | 13 | g1i6 | figs-metonymy | πάντες…οἱ προφῆται καὶ ὁ νόμος ἕως Ἰωάννου ἐπροφήτευσαν | 1 | all the prophets and the law have prophesied until John | Here, **the prophets and the law** refer to the things that the prophets and Moses wrote in scripture. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “these are the things that the prophets and Moses have prophesied through the scriptures until the time of John the Baptist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 669 | MAT | 11 | 14 | yg2f | figs-you | εἰ θέλετε | 1 | if you are willing | Here, **you** is plural and refers to the crowd, and is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 670 | MAT | 11 | 14 | rdsw | grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical | καὶ εἰ θέλετε δέξασθαι, αὐτός ἐστιν Ἠλείας, ὁ μέλλων ἔρχεσθαι | 1 | Awaiting Perry's comment | |
| 671 | MAT | 11 | 15 | z97x | figs-metonymy | ὁ ἔχων ὦτα ἀκούειν, ἀκουέτω | 1 | The one having ears to hear, let him hear | The phrase **has ears** here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “Whoever is willing to understand, let him understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 672 | MAT | 11 | 15 | w4cc | figs-123person | ὁ ἔχων ὦτα ἀκούειν, ἀκουέτω | 1 | The one having ears to hear, let him hear | Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 673 | MAT | 11 | 16 | mp8g | figs-rquestion | τίνι δὲ ὁμοιώσω τὴν γενεὰν ταύτην? | 1 | But to what will I compare this generation? | Jesus uses a question to introduce a comparison between the people he was speaking to and children who are in the marketplace. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “But I will tell you what this generation is like.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 674 | MAT | 11 | 16 | yat1 | figs-synecdoche | τὴν γενεὰν ταύτην | 1 | this generation | The phrase **this generation** is likely referring to either, (1) the crowd around him (2) the religious leaders of Israel, or (3) the group of Israelites in general who have rejected Jesus and John. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “you in this crowd” or “the rebellious group of religious leaders” or “Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 675 | MAT | 11 | 16 | l7km | translate-unknown | ταῖς ἀγοραῖς | 1 | the marketplace | A **marketplace** is a large, open-air area where people buy and sell items such as food and clothing. Use a term in your language that expresses this meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 676 | MAT | 11 | 17 | ai4e | figs-parables | λέγουσιν, ηὐλήσαμεν ὑμῖν καὶ οὐκ ὠρχήσασθε; ἐθρηνήσαμεν καὶ οὐκ ἐκόψασθε | 1 | saying … you did not weep | Jesus continues the parable from the previous verse, describing the people who he referred to as “this generation”. They are like a group of children who will not listen to another group of children. The first group of children who are speaking are Jesus and John. If it would be helpful to your readers, you can state this explicitly, or in a way that is meaningful in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) |
| 677 | MAT | 11 | 17 | d916 | writing-pronouns | ηὐλήσαμεν ὑμῖν | 1 | We played a flute for you | **We** refers to the children sitting in the marketplace, and **you** is plural and refers to the other group of children. If this might confuse your readers, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “We children played a flute for all of you kids” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
| 678 | MAT | 11 | 17 | t723 | figs-explicit | ἐθρηνήσαμεν | 1 | We mourned | The phrase **We mourned** has to do with the mourning ceremonies that they performed during that time. If a person died, they would hire a group of people to help them mourn. If it would be helpful for your readers, you can state this explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 679 | MAT | 11 | 18 | qe7y | figs-explicit | μήτε ἐσθίων μήτε πίνων | 1 | neither eating nor drinking | This does not mean that John never ate food. It means he fasted often, and when he ate, he did not eat expensive food or drink. If it would be helpful for your readers, you can state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “frequently fasting from food and wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 680 | MAT | 11 | 18 | p4ql | figs-quotations | λέγουσιν, δαιμόνιον ἔχει. | 1 | they say, ‘He has a demon.’ | If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “they say that he has a demon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
| 681 | MAT | 11 | 19 | iwk8 | figs-123person | ἦλθεν ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου | 1 | The Son of Man came | Jesus uses the title **Son of Man** to referring to himself. If it would be helpful to your readers, you can can change it to first person, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 682 | MAT | 11 | 19 | dsak | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου | 1 | The phrase **Son of Man** is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) | |
| 683 | MAT | 11 | 19 | gs6z | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | ἦλθεν…ἐσθίων καὶ πίνων | 1 | came eating and drinking | The phrase **The Son of Man came eating and drinking** is comparing what Jesus did with what John the Baptist did. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “But the Son of Man came eating and drinking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
| 684 | MAT | 11 | 19 | x4ec | figs-quotations | λέγουσιν, ἰδοὺ, ἄνθρωπος, φάγος καὶ οἰνοπότης, τελωνῶν φίλος καὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν! | 1 | they say, ‘Behold a man, a glutton and a drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners!’ | If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “they say that he is a man who is a glutton and a drunkard, and a friend of tax collectors and those who disobey God’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
| 685 | MAT | 11 | 19 | pv4n | translate-unknown | φάγος…οἰνοπότης | 1 | a drunkard | The word **glutton** refers to a person who eats too much food. The word **drunkard** refers to a person who drinks too much wine and gets drunk because of it. Use words in your language that refer to these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 686 | MAT | 11 | 19 | vwk4 | writing-proverbs | καὶ ἐδικαιώθη ἡ σοφία ἀπὸ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς | 1 | But wisdom has been justified by her children | The proverb **wisdom has been justified by her children** is figurative, where **wisdom** is referring to Jesus and John the Baptist teaching about God's wisdom, which causes people to be saved. The word **children** is referring to those who are influenced by their ministry. You can translate the proverb itself in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “But God's wisdom is proven right by its work in the peoples lives who John and I minister to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) |
| 687 | MAT | 11 | 19 | o3zh | figs-activepassive | ἐδικαιώθη ἡ σοφία ἀπὸ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς | 1 | wisdom has been justified by her children | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God proves his wisdom by his children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 688 | MAT | 11 | 20 | w4g8 | figs-metonymy | ὀνειδίζειν τὰς πόλεις | 1 | to rebuke the cities | Here, **the cities** refers to the people who live in the cities. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “to scold the people of the cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 689 | MAT | 11 | 20 | t51a | figs-activepassive | ἐν αἷς ἐγένοντο αἱ πλεῖσται δυνάμεις αὐτοῦ | 1 | in which most of his miracles were done | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “in which he did most of his miracles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 690 | MAT | 11 | 21 | xxb3 | figs-apostrophe | οὐαί σοι, Χοραζείν! οὐαί σοι, Βηθσαϊδάν! | 1 | Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! | Jesus is figuratively addressing something that he knows cannot hear him, the cities of **Chorazin** and **Bethsaida**, in order to show his listeners in a strong way how he feels about it. If this is confusing in your language, consider expressing this feeling by talking about these two cities. Alternate translation: “It will not be good for the cities of Chorazin and Bethsaida” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) |
| 691 | MAT | 11 | 21 | y2hr | figs-exclamations | οὐαί σοι…οὐαί σοι | 2 | The phrase **Woe to you** is a common exclamation which brings a charge of judgement against a person or group of people. Use an exclamation that is natural in your language for communicating this. Alternate translation: “Judgement is coming against you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) | |
| 692 | MAT | 11 | 21 | y9d3 | figs-metonymy | Χοραζείν…Βηθσαϊδάν…Τύρῳ…Σιδῶνι | 1 | Chorazin … Bethsaida … Tyre … Sidon | Here, the words **Chorazin**, **Bethsaida**, **Tyre and Sidon** refers to the people who live in those cities. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 693 | MAT | 11 | 21 | lh46 | grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical | εἰ ἐν Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι ἐγένοντο αἱ δυνάμεις αἱ γενόμεναι ἐν ὑμῖν, πάλαι ἂν ἐν σάκκῳ καὶ σποδῷ μετενόησαν | 1 | if the miracles … they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes | Jesus is using this hypothetical situation to rebuke the people in those cities. Alternate translation: “suppose the miracles were done among Tyre and Sidon which I did among you. Then they surely would have repented” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) |
| 694 | MAT | 11 | 21 | tm59 | figs-activepassive | εἰ ἐν Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι ἐγένοντο αἱ δυνάμεις αἱ γενόμεναι ἐν ὑμῖν | 1 | if the miracles had been done in Tyre and Sidon which were done in you | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if I had done the mighty deeds among the people of Tyre and Sidon that I have done among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 695 | MAT | 11 | 21 | k3in | figs-you | αἱ γενόμεναι ἐν ὑμῖν | 1 | which were done in you | Here the **you** is plural and refers to Chorazin and Bethsaida. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 696 | MAT | 11 | 22 | mr18 | figs-metonymy | Χοραζείν…Βηθσαϊδάν…Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι | 1 | it will be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the day of judgment than for you | See how you translated **Tyre** and **Sidon** in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 697 | MAT | 11 | 22 | ibpo | figs-explicit | ἢ ὑμῖν | 1 | than for you | The reason why it will be **more tolerable** is because Chorazin and Bethsaida did see Jesus' miracles, and they still did not repent. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “than for you, because you did not repent and believe in me, even though you saw me do miracles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 698 | MAT | 11 | 23 | vpz6 | figs-you | καὶ σύ, Καφαρναούμ, μὴ ἕως οὐρανοῦ ὑψωθήσῃ? ἕως ᾍδου καταβήσῃ; ὅτι εἰ ἐν Σοδόμοις ἐγενήθησαν αἱ δυνάμεις αἱ γενόμεναι ἐν σοί, ἔμεινεν ἂν μέχρι τῆς σήμερον | 1 | And you, Capernaum, you will not be exalted to heaven, will you? You will be brought down to Hades. For if the miracles that were done in you had been done in Sodom, it would have remained until today | The pronoun **you** is singular and refers to Capernaum throughout this verse and the next. If it is more natural to refer to the people of the city, you could translate with a plural **you**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 699 | MAT | 11 | 23 | h8e4 | figs-apostrophe | καὶ σύ, Καφαρναούμ μὴ ἕως οὐρανοῦ ὑψωθήσῃ | 1 | Jesus is figuratively addressing something that he knows cannot hear him, the city of Jerusalem, in order to show his listeners in a strong way how he feels about it. If this is confusing in your language, consider expressing this feeling by talking about Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “I am very upset with the city of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) | Jesus is figuratively addressing something that he knows cannot hear him, the city of Capernaum, in order to show his listeners in a strong way how he feels about it. If this is confusing in your language, consider expressing this feeling by talking about Capernaum. Alternate translation: “Certainly Capernaum will not be lifted up to heaven, will it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) |
| 700 | MAT | 11 | 23 | fj7d | figs-metonymy | Καφαρναούμ…Σοδόμοις | 1 | Capernaum … Sodom | Here the words **Capernaum** and **Sodom** are referring to the people who live in those cities. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “people of Capernaum…people of Sodom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 701 | MAT | 11 | 23 | aa7t | figs-activepassive | μὴ ἕως οὐρανοῦ ὑψωθήσῃ? | 1 | you will not be exalted to heaven, will you? | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: Alternate translation: “God will not raise you up to heaven, will he?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 702 | MAT | 11 | 23 | nddz | figs-rquestion | μὴ ἕως οὐρανοῦ ὑψωθήσῃ? | 1 | you will not be exalted to heaven, will you? | Jesus uses a rhetorical question to rebuke the people of Capernaum for their pride, because the think they deserve to be taken straight to heaven. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “God will certainly not bring you up to heaven like you think he will!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 703 | MAT | 11 | 23 | z279 | figs-activepassive | εἰ ἐν Σοδόμοις ἐγενήθησαν αἱ δυνάμεις αἱ γενόμεναι ἐν σοί | 1 | if the miracles that were done in you had been done in Sodom | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if I had done the miracles among the people of Sodom that I have done among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 704 | MAT | 11 | 24 | e3pa | figs-metonymy | γῇ Σοδόμων | 1 | it will be more tolerable for the land of Sodom in the day of judgment than for you | See how you translated Sodom in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 705 | MAT | 11 | 24 | yk3z | figs-explicit | ἢ σοί | 1 | than for you | Jesus is saying that it will be **more tolerable** for the people of Sodom because they did not have the chance to see Jesus' miracles, while the people of Capernaum did, and still did not repent. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 706 | MAT | 11 | 25 | h5x4 | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | Πάτερ | 1 | Father | **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 707 | MAT | 11 | 25 | u9cy | figs-merism | Κύριε τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῆς γῆς | 1 | Lord of heaven and earth | The phrase **heaven and earth** is figurative for everything which God has created in the entire universe. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “ruler over the entire universe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) |
| 708 | MAT | 11 | 25 | qw5c | figs-nominaladj | ἀπὸ σοφῶν καὶ συνετῶν | 1 | from the wise and discerning | Jesus is using the adjectives **wise** and **intelligent** as nouns in order to describe a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “from people who are smart and knowledgeable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 709 | MAT | 11 | 25 | w9hx | figs-doublet | σοφῶν καὶ συνετῶν | 1 | These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize that the officials knew how important it was to obey the king’s command and to honor Haman as he said. If your language does not use repetition to do this, you could use one phrase and provide emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “were bowing down all the way to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | The words **wise** and **intelligent** mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize how smart these people thought they were. If your language does not use repetition to do this, you could use one phrase and provide emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “the discerning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 710 | MAT | 11 | 25 | las9 | figs-irony | σοφῶν καὶ συνετῶν | 1 | the wise and discerning | Jesus calls them **wise** and **intelligent**, even though he does not actually believe that they are wise or intelligent. If your readers would misunderstand this, consider expressing the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people who think they are wise and intelligent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) |
| 711 | MAT | 11 | 25 | b6w5 | figs-metaphor | νηπίοις | 1 | to little children | Here, the phrase **little children** is referring to people who are not wise. Jesus uses the figurative language to emphasize that one does not need to be wise to be one of his followers. If your readers would not understand what **little children** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “you who are as wise as little children” or “you who are not very wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 712 | MAT | 11 | 26 | qp7t | figs-idiom | ὅτι οὕτως εὐδοκία ἐγένετο ἔμπροσθέν σου | 1 | for thus it was well-pleasing in your sight | The phrase **before you** is an idiom which refers to how someone considers something. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “for you considered it good to do this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 713 | MAT | 11 | 27 | yk5w | figs-activepassive | πάντα μοι παρεδόθη ὑπὸ τοῦ Πατρός μου | 1 | All things have been entrusted to me from my Father | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “My Father has given everything over to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 714 | MAT | 11 | 27 | gd67 | πάντα | 1 | All things | The phrase **All things** could mean: (1) God the Father has revealed everything about himself and his kingdom to Jesus. Alternate translation: “All knowledge of himself” or (2) God has given all authority to Jesus. Alternate translation: “All authority” | |
| 715 | MAT | 11 | 27 | j3vk | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | τοῦ Πατρός μου | 1 | my Father | **Father** is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 716 | MAT | 11 | 27 | s1as | figs-doublenegatives | οὐδεὶς ἐπιγινώσκει τὸν Υἱὸν, εἰ μὴ ὁ Πατήρ οὐδὲ τὸν Πατέρα τις ἐπιγινώσκει, εἰ μὴ ὁ Υἱὸς, καὶ ᾧ ἐὰν βούληται ὁ Υἱὸς ἀποκαλύψαι | 1 | no one knows the Son except the Father | If these double negatives would be misunderstood in your language, you could translate them as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “Only the Father knows who the Son is, and only the Son and those to whom he reveals the Father know the Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 717 | MAT | 11 | 27 | esp4 | figs-123person | τὸν Υἱὸν…ὁ Υἱὸς | 1 | the Son | Jesus was referring to himself as the **Son** in the third person. If this is confusing in your language, you could write it in the first person, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 718 | MAT | 11 | 27 | l8xe | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | τὸν Υἱὸν | 1 | the Son | **Son** is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 719 | MAT | 11 | 28 | x978 | figs-you | πάντες οἱ κοπιῶντες καὶ πεφορτισμένοι, κἀγὼ ἀναπαύσω ὑμᾶς | 1 | all you who are laboring and are heavy burdened, and I will give you rest | Here, **you** is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 720 | MAT | 11 | 28 | t2jj | figs-metaphor | οἱ κοπιῶντες καὶ πεφορτισμένοι | 1 | who are laboring and are heavy burdened | Jesus speaks of people being discouraged in their attempts to obey all the laws as if those laws were **heavy** burdens and the people were **laboring** to carry them. If your readers would not understand what it means, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternate translation: “Come to me, all of your who are feeling burdened by how many laws you are trying to keep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 721 | MAT | 11 | 28 | f1w4 | figs-metaphor | κἀγὼ ἀναπαύσω ὑμᾶς | 1 | and I will give you rest | Here, the word **rest** is figurative for no longer feeling the obligation to keep every law, especially laws that were created by the Pharisees. If your readers would not understand what it means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternative translation: “I will give you relief from feeling the need to be perfect before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 722 | MAT | 11 | 29 | q1ya | figs-exmetaphor | ἄρατε τὸν ζυγόν μου ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς | 1 | Take my yoke on you | Jesus continues the metaphor of burden that he began in the last verse. Jesus uses the image of a yoke, something which is put on large animals to carry heavy burdens, to encourage his listeners to let him carry their burdens with them. If your readers would not understand what **yoke** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternative translation: “Let me help you carry your burden” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) |
| 723 | MAT | 11 | 29 | t1rh | figs-doublet | πραΰς εἰμι καὶ ταπεινὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ | 1 | I am gentle and humble in heart | Here, **gentle** and **humble in heart** mean basically the same thing. Jesus combines them to emphasize that he is much kinder than the religious leaders who burdened the people with the many laws. Alternate translation: “I am very gentle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 724 | MAT | 11 | 29 | i3qs | figs-idiom | ταπεινὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ | 1 | humble in heart | The phrase **humble in heart** is an idiom meaning that he is a humble person. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 725 | MAT | 11 | 29 | i3ls | figs-synecdoche | εὑρήσετε ἀνάπαυσιν ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὑμῶν | 1 | you will find rest for your souls | Here, **souls** is figurative for the entire person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “you will be able to rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 726 | MAT | 11 | 30 | hlv3 | figs-exmetaphor | ὁ γὰρ ζυγός μου χρηστὸς καὶ τὸ φορτίον μου ἐλαφρόν ἐστιν | 1 | You could express this metaphor as a simile if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the demon finds that the person it left is like a house that someone has swept clean and organized by putting everything where it belongs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) | Here, Jesus continues the burden metaphor from the previous verses. You could express this metaphor as a simile if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “When I help you, it will be like I am carrying most of the weight of the yoke. I will also be like I am only making you carry a little bit of the burden” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) |
| 727 | MAT | 11 | 30 | ynf1 | figs-parallelism | ὁ γὰρ ζυγός μου χρηστὸς καὶ τὸ φορτίον μου ἐλαφρόν ἐστιν | 1 | For my yoke is easy and my burden is light | Both of these phrases mean the same thing. Jesus is emphasizing that it is easier to obey him than it is the Jewish law. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “For what I place on you, you will be able to carry because it is light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 728 | MAT | 12 | intro | y7z6 | 0 | # Matthew 12 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 12:18-21, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The Sabbath<br><br>This chapter has much to say about how God’s people are to obey the Sabbath. Jesus said that the rules that the Pharisees made up did not help people obey the Sabbath the way God wanted them to. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])<br><br>### “Blasphemy against the Spirit”<br><br>No one knows for sure what actions people perform or what words they say when they commit this sin. However, they probably insult the Holy Spirit and his work. Part of the Holy Spirit’s work is to make people understand that they are sinners and that they need to have God forgive them. Therefore, anyone who does not try to stop sinning is probably committing blasphemy against the Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blasphemy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Brothers and sisters<br><br>Most people call those who have the same parents “brother” and “sister” and think of them as the most important people in their lives. Many people also call those with the same grandparents “brother” and “sister.” In this chapter Jesus says that the most important people to him are those who obey his Father in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/brother]]) | |||
| 729 | MAT | 12 | 1 | m2n1 | ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ καιρῷ | 1 | At that time | This phrase marks a new part of the story where Matthew tells of growing opposition to Jesus’ ministry. Here, the Pharisees criticize his disciples for picking grain on the Sabbath. Alternate translation: “A little later” | |
| 730 | MAT | 12 | 1 | tvt9 | translate-unknown | τῶν σπορίμων | 1 | the grainfields | A grainfield is a place to plant grain. If wheat is unknown and “grain” is too general, then you can use “fields of the plant they made bread from.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 731 | MAT | 12 | 1 | yrf8 | τίλλειν στάχυας καὶ ἐσθίειν | 1 | to pluck heads of grain and to eat them | Picking **grain** in others’ fields and eating it was not considered stealing. The question was whether one could do this otherwise lawful activity on the Sabbath. | |
| 732 | MAT | 12 | 1 | zz4r | τίλλειν στάχυας καὶ ἐσθίειν | 1 | to pluck heads of grain and to eat them | Alternate translation: “to pick some of the wheat and to eat it” or “to pick some of the grain and to eat it” | |
| 733 | MAT | 12 | 1 | y5vr | στάχυας | 1 | heads of grain | The **heads** are the topmost part of the wheat plant. They holds the mature grain or seeds of the plant. | |
| 734 | MAT | 12 | 2 | swl7 | ποιοῦσιν ὃ οὐκ ἔξεστιν ποιεῖν ἐν Σαββάτῳ | 1 | do what is not lawful to do on the Sabbath | Picking grain in others’ fields and eating it was not considered stealing. The question was whether one could do this otherwise lawful activity **on the Sabbath**. | |
| 735 | MAT | 12 | 2 | mch7 | οἱ…Φαρισαῖοι | 1 | the Pharisees | This does not mean all of **the Pharisees**. Alternate translation: “some Pharisees” | |
| 736 | MAT | 12 | 2 | nh12 | ἰδοὺ, οἱ μαθηταί σου | 1 | Behold, your disciples | The Pharisees use the word **Behold** to draw attention to what the disciples are doing. Alternate translation: “Look, your disciples” | |
| 737 | MAT | 12 | 3 | et11 | αὐτοῖς | 1 | to them | Alternate translation: “to the Pharisees” | |
| 738 | MAT | 12 | 3 | d712 | figs-rquestion | οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε τί ἐποίησεν Δαυεὶδ, ὅτε ἐπείνασεν καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ | 1 | Have you never read what David did, when he was hungry, and those who were with him— | This begins a question that continues into the next verse. Jesus uses the question to respond to the criticism of the Pharisees. Jesus is challenging them to think about the meaning of the scriptures they have read. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know you have read what David did, when he was hungry, and those who were with him—” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 739 | MAT | 12 | 4 | blm5 | τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | the house of God | During the time of David there was no temple yet. Alternate translation: “the tabernacle” or “the place for worshiping God” | |
| 740 | MAT | 12 | 4 | ue7l | figs-explicit | τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς Προθέσεως | 1 | the loaves of the presence | This refers to the sacred bread that priests placed before God in the tabernacle. Alternate translation: “the bread that the priest placed before God” or “the sacred bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 741 | MAT | 12 | 4 | c6a8 | τοῖς μετ’ αὐτοῦ | 1 | for those with him | Alternate translation: “for the men who were with David” | |
| 742 | MAT | 12 | 4 | lkx9 | εἰ μὴ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν μόνοις | 1 | except only for the priests | Alternate translation: “but, according to the law, only the priests could eat it” | |
| 743 | MAT | 12 | 5 | f79q | figs-rquestion | οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε ἐν τῷ νόμῳ, ὅτι τοῖς Σάββασιν οἱ ἱερεῖς ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ τὸ Σάββατον βεβηλοῦσιν, καὶ ἀναίτιοί εἰσιν? | 1 | have you not read in the law that on the Sabbaths the priests in the temple profane the Sabbath, but are innocent? | Jesus uses a question to respond to the criticism of the Pharisees. Jesus is challenging them to think about the meaning of what they have read in the scriptures. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you have read in the law of Moses that on the Sabbaths the priests in the temple profane the Sabbath, but are innocent.” or “You should know that the law teaches that on the Sabbaths the priests in the temple profane the Sabbath, but are innocent.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 744 | MAT | 12 | 5 | dqe9 | τὸ Σάββατον βεβηλοῦσιν | 1 | profane the Sabbath | Alternate translation: “do on the Sabbath what they would do on any other day” | |
| 745 | MAT | 12 | 5 | i6y9 | ἀναίτιοί εἰσιν | 1 | are innocent | Alternate translation: “God will not punish them” or “God does not consider them guilty” | |
| 746 | MAT | 12 | 6 | ji7a | λέγω…ὑμῖν | 1 | I say to you | This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. | |
| 747 | MAT | 12 | 6 | k4mn | figs-123person | τοῦ ἱεροῦ μεῖζόν | 1 | greater than the temple | Jesus was referring to himself as the one who is **greater**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) Alternate translation: “I am someone who is more important than the temple” |
| 748 | MAT | 12 | 7 | ypj7 | figs-explicit | εἰ δὲ ἐγνώκειτε τί ἐστιν, ἔλεος θέλω καὶ οὐ θυσίαν, οὐκ ἂν κατεδικάσατε τοὺς ἀναιτίους | 1 | But if you had known what this is, ‘I desire mercy and not sacrifice,’ you would not have condemned the innocent | In this verse, Jesus quotes the prophet Hosea to rebuke the Pharisees. Alternate translation: “The prophet Hosea wrote this long ago: ‘I desire mercy and not sacrifice.’ If you had understood what this meant, you would not have condemned the innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 749 | MAT | 12 | 7 | e1ju | ἔλεος θέλω καὶ οὐ θυσίαν | 1 | I desire mercy and not sacrifice | In the law of Moses, God did command the Israelites to offer sacrifices. This means God considers **mercy** more important than the **sacrifice**. | |
| 750 | MAT | 12 | 7 | jw57 | θέλω | 1 | I desire | The pronoun **I** refers to God. | |
| 751 | MAT | 12 | 7 | s23l | figs-nominaladj | τοὺς ἀναιτίους | 1 | the innocent | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **innocent**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “those who are not guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 752 | MAT | 12 | 8 | l7g3 | figs-123person | ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου | 1 | the Son of Man | Jesus is referring to himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 753 | MAT | 12 | 8 | jx98 | Κύριος…ἐστιν τοῦ Σαββάτου | 1 | is Lord of the Sabbath | Alternate translation: “rules over the Sabbath” or “makes the laws about what people can do on the Sabbath” | |
| 754 | MAT | 12 | 9 | i489 | 0 | General Information: | Here the scene shifts to a later time when the Pharisees criticize Jesus for healing a man on the Sabbath. | ||
| 755 | MAT | 12 | 9 | hns8 | καὶ μεταβὰς ἐκεῖθεν | 1 | And having departed from there | Alternate translation: “After Jesus left the grain fields” or “When Jesus left from there” | |
| 756 | MAT | 12 | 9 | y4me | τὴν συναγωγὴν αὐτῶν | 1 | their synagogue | The word **their** could refer to: (1) the Jews of that town. Alternate translation: “the synogogue” (2) the Pharisees that Jesus had just spoken to, and this was the synagogue that they and other Jews in that town attended. The word **their** does not mean that the Pharisees owned the synagogue. Alternate translation: “the synagogue that they attended” | |
| 757 | MAT | 12 | 10 | kjf6 | ἰδοὺ | 1 | behold | The word **behold** alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. | |
| 758 | MAT | 12 | 10 | xb13 | ἄνθρωπος χεῖρα ἔχων ξηράν | 1 | there was a man having a withered hand | Alternate translation: “there was a man who had a paralyzed hand” or “there was a man with a crippled hand” | |
| 759 | MAT | 12 | 10 | t948 | ἐπηρώτησαν αὐτὸν λέγοντες, εἰ ἔξεστι τοῖς Σάββασιν θεραπεύειν? ἵνα κατηγορήσωσιν αὐτοῦ | 1 | they questioned him, saying, “Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbaths?” so that they might accuse him | Alternate translation: “the Pharisees wanted to accuse Jesus of sinning, so they asked him, ‘Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?’” | |
| 760 | MAT | 12 | 10 | gdj6 | εἰ ἔξεστι τοῖς Σάββασιν θεραπεύειν? | 1 | Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbaths? | Alternate translation: “According to the law of Moses, may a person heal another person on the Sabbaths?” | |
| 761 | MAT | 12 | 10 | c1cc | figs-explicit | ἵνα κατηγορήσωσιν αὐτοῦ | 1 | so that they might accuse him | They did not just want to **accuse** Jesus in front of the people. The Pharisees wanted Jesus to give an answer that contradicted the law of Moses so they could take him before a judge and legally charge him with breaking the law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 762 | MAT | 12 | 11 | ng4j | figs-rquestion | τίς ἔσται ἐξ ὑμῶν ἄνθρωπος, ὃς ἕξει πρόβατον ἕν, καὶ ἐὰν ἐμπέσῃ τοῦτο τοῖς Σάββασιν εἰς βόθυνον, οὐχὶ κρατήσει αὐτὸ καὶ ἐγερεῖ? | 1 | What man will there be among you, who, will have one sheep, and if it might fall into a pit on the Sabbaths, would not grasp hold of it and lift it out? | Jesus uses a question to respond to the Pharisees. He is challenging them to think about what kind of work they do on the Sabbath. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Every one of you, if you only had one sheep, and if it might fall into a pit on the Sabbaths, would grab the sheep and lift it out.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 763 | MAT | 12 | 12 | s2tu | πόσῳ οὖν διαφέρει ἄνθρωπος προβάτου? | 1 | How much more valuable, then, is a man than a sheep? | The phrase **How much more** adds emphasis to the statement. The implied answer is “very much more!” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Obviously, a man is much more valuable than a sheep!” or “Just think about how much more important a man is than a sheep.” | |
| 764 | MAT | 12 | 12 | a9ld | ἔξεστιν τοῖς Σάββασιν καλῶς ποιεῖν | 1 | it is lawful to do good on the Sabbaths | Alternate translation: “those who do good on the Sabbaths are obeying the law” | |
| 765 | MAT | 12 | 13 | be8u | figs-quotations | τότε λέγει τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ, ἔκτεινόν σου τὴν χεῖρα. | 1 | Then he says to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” | You can translate this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus commanded the man to stretch out his hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
| 766 | MAT | 12 | 13 | ljl6 | τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ | 1 | to the man | Alternate translation: “to the man with the paralyzed hand” or “to the man with the crippled hand” | |
| 767 | MAT | 12 | 13 | s5ep | ἐξέτεινεν | 1 | he stretched it out | Alternate translation: “the man stretched it out” | |
| 768 | MAT | 12 | 13 | jry3 | figs-activepassive | ἀπεκατεστάθη, ὑγιὴς | 1 | it was restored to health | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “it was healthy again” or “it became well again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 769 | MAT | 12 | 14 | w4zl | συμβούλιον ἔλαβον κατ’ αὐτοῦ | 1 | took counsel against him | Alternate translation: “planned to harm Jesus” | |
| 770 | MAT | 12 | 14 | jdn2 | ὅπως αὐτὸν ἀπολέσωσιν | 1 | so that they might put him to death | Alternate translation: “in order to find a way to kill Jesus” | |
| 771 | MAT | 12 | 15 | d5l9 | ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς γνοὺς, ἀνεχώρησεν | 1 | But Jesus, having perceived this, withdrew | Alternate translation: “But Jesus was aware of what the Pharisees were planning, so he withdrew” | |
| 772 | MAT | 12 | 15 | hw22 | ἀνεχώρησεν ἐκεῖθεν | 1 | withdrew from there | Alternate translation: “departed from there” or “left that place” | |
| 773 | MAT | 12 | 16 | bk1n | μὴ φανερὸν αὐτὸν ποιήσωσιν | 1 | they might not make him known | Alternate translation: “they would not to tell anyone else about him” | |
| 774 | MAT | 12 | 17 | dc7z | ἵνα…τὸ ῥηθὲν | 1 | so that what had been said | You could start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “This was so that what had been said” | |
| 775 | MAT | 12 | 17 | mcd7 | τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου | 1 | what had been said through Isaiah the prophet | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “what God had said long ago through the prophet Isaiah” | |
| 776 | MAT | 12 | 18 | zkt7 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | In verses 18-21, Matthew quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that Jesus’ ministry fulfilled scripture. | ||
| 777 | MAT | 12 | 18 | f5kz | ἰδοὺ | 1 | Behold | Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” | |
| 778 | MAT | 12 | 18 | fjw6 | μου…ᾑρέτισα…μου…μου…θήσω…μου | 1 | my … I have chosen … my … my … I will put … my | All occurrences of **I** and **my** refer to God. Isaiah is quoting what God said to him. | |
| 779 | MAT | 12 | 18 | yv4f | ὁ ἀγαπητός μου εἰς ὃν εὐδόκησεν ἡ ψυχή μου | 1 | my beloved, in whom my soul is well pleased | Alternate translation: “he is my beloved one, and I am very pleased with him” | |
| 780 | MAT | 12 | 18 | s6a4 | figs-synecdoche | εἰς ὃν εὐδόκησεν ἡ ψυχή μου | 1 | in whom my soul is well pleased | Here, **soul** refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “with whom I am very pleased” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 781 | MAT | 12 | 18 | jh8p | figs-explicit | κρίσιν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἀπαγγελεῖ | 1 | he will announce justice to the Gentiles | The means that God’s servant will tell the **Gentiles** that there will be **justice**. You can state clearly that God is the one who will bring about justice. Alternate translation: “he will announce to the nations that God give them justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 782 | MAT | 12 | 18 | tum1 | figs-abstractnouns | κρίσιν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἀπαγγελεῖ | 1 | he will announce justice to the Gentiles | If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **justice**, you can express it as “what is right.” Alternate translation: “he will announce to the nations that God will do for them what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 783 | MAT | 12 | 19 | hb2m | figs-metonymy | οὐδὲ ἀκούσει τις…τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῦ | 1 | neither will anyone hear his voice | Here people not hearing **his voice** represents him not speaking loudly. Alternate translation: “he will not speak loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 784 | MAT | 12 | 19 | gj1p | οὐκ ἐρίσει…αὐτοῦ | 1 | He will not strive … his | Both **He** and **his** refer to God’s chosen servant. | |
| 785 | MAT | 12 | 19 | jr87 | figs-idiom | ἐν ταῖς πλατείαις | 1 | in the streets | This is an idiom that means “publicly.” Alternate translation: “in the cities and towns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 786 | MAT | 12 | 20 | ii4c | οὐ κατεάξει…οὐ σβέσει…ἂν ἐκβάλῃ | 1 | He will not break … and he will not quench a smoking flax, until he may lead justice to victory | All occurrences of **He** and **he** refer to God’s chosen servant. | |
| 787 | MAT | 12 | 20 | kbu9 | figs-parallelism | κάλαμον συντετριμμένον οὐ κατεάξει, καὶ λίνον τυφόμενον οὐ σβέσει | 1 | He will not break a bruised reed; and he will not quench a smoking flax | Both of these statements mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 788 | MAT | 12 | 20 | cdk2 | figs-metaphor | κάλαμον συντετριμμένον οὐ κατεάξει, καὶ λίνον τυφόμενον οὐ σβέσει | 1 | He will not break a bruised reed; and he will not quench a smoking flax | Both of these statements are metaphors emphasizing that God’s servant will be gentle and kind. Both **bruised reed** and **smoking flax** represent weak and hurting people. If the metaphor is confusing, you could translate the literal meaning. Alternate translation: “He will be kind to weak people, and he will be gentle to those who are hurting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 789 | MAT | 12 | 20 | m4uz | κάλαμον συντετριμμένον | 1 | a bruised reed | Alternate translation: “a damaged plant” | |
| 790 | MAT | 12 | 20 | y8mn | λίνον τυφόμενον οὐ σβέσει | 1 | he will not quench a smoking flax | Alternate translation: “he will not put out any smoking flax” or “he will not stop any smoking flax from burning” | |
| 791 | MAT | 12 | 20 | bjg2 | λίνον τυφόμενον | 1 | a smoking flax | This refers to a lamp wick after the flame has gone out and when it is only smoking. | |
| 792 | MAT | 12 | 20 | b6tw | figs-abstractnouns | ἂν ἐκβάλῃ εἰς νῖκος τὴν κρίσιν | 1 | he may lead justice to victory | Leading someone to **victory** represents causing him to be victorious. Causing **justice** to be victorious represents making things right that had been wrong. Alternate translation: “he makes everything right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 793 | MAT | 12 | 21 | w3rq | figs-synecdoche | τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ | 1 | in his name | Here, **name** refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 794 | MAT | 12 | 22 | nba2 | 0 | General Information: | Here the scene shifts to a later time when the Pharisees accuse Jesus of healing a man by the power of Satan. | ||
| 795 | MAT | 12 | 22 | e1g4 | figs-activepassive | τότε προσηνέχθη αὐτῷ δαιμονιζόμενος, τυφλὸς καὶ κωφός | 1 | Then someone was brought to him, blind and mute, demon-possessed | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Then someone brought to Jesus a man who was blind and mute because a demon was controlling him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 796 | MAT | 12 | 22 | k2vt | προσηνέχθη αὐτῷ…τυφλὸς καὶ κωφός | 1 | someone was brought to him, blind and mute | Alternate translation: “a person was brought to him who could not see and could not talk” | |
| 797 | MAT | 12 | 23 | gy5z | ἐξίσταντο πάντες οἱ ὄχλοι | 1 | all the crowds were amazed | Alternate translation: “all the people who had seen Jesus heal the man were greatly surprised” | |
| 798 | MAT | 12 | 23 | ink7 | ὁ υἱὸς Δαυείδ | 1 | the Son of David | **Son of David** is a title for the Christ or Messiah. | |
| 799 | MAT | 12 | 23 | h8kf | υἱὸς | 1 | Son | Here, **Son** means “descendant.” | |
| 800 | MAT | 12 | 24 | wmi1 | ἀκούσαντες | 1 | having heard this | The word **this** refers to the miracle of the healing of a blind, deaf, and demon-possessed man. | |
| 801 | MAT | 12 | 24 | p1mi | figs-doublenegatives | οὗτος οὐκ ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια, εἰ μὴ ἐν τῷ Βεελζεβοὺλ | 1 | He does not cast out demons except by Beelzebul | If your readers would misunderstand double negative **not … except**, you could express it in a positive form. “He is only able to cast out the demon because he is a servant of Beelzebul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 802 | MAT | 12 | 24 | wj1y | οὗτος | 1 | He | The Pharisees avoid calling Jesus by name to show they reject him. | |
| 803 | MAT | 12 | 24 | cii4 | ἄρχοντι τῶν δαιμονίων | 1 | the prince of the demons | Alternate translation: “the chief of the demons” | |
| 804 | MAT | 12 | 25 | i1sd | writing-proverbs | πᾶσα βασιλεία μερισθεῖσα καθ’ ἑαυτῆς ἐρημοῦται, καὶ πᾶσα πόλις ἢ οἰκία μερισθεῖσα καθ’ ἑαυτῆς οὐ σταθήσεται | 1 | Every kingdom divided against itself is made desolate, and every city or house divided against itself will not stand | Jesus uses a proverb to respond to the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) |
| 805 | MAT | 12 | 25 | ll42 | figs-parallelism | πᾶσα βασιλεία μερισθεῖσα καθ’ ἑαυτῆς ἐρημοῦται, καὶ πᾶσα πόλις ἢ οἰκία μερισθεῖσα καθ’ ἑαυτῆς οὐ σταθήσεται | 1 | Every kingdom divided against itself is made desolate, and every city or house divided against itself will not stand | Both of these statements mean the same thing. They emphasize that it would not make sense for Beelzebul to use his power to fight other demons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 806 | MAT | 12 | 25 | g9ec | figs-metonymy | πᾶσα βασιλεία μερισθεῖσα καθ’ ἑαυτῆς ἐρημοῦται | 1 | Every kingdom divided against itself is made desolate | Here, **kingdom** refers to those who live in the kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 807 | MAT | 12 | 25 | rvzh | figs-activepassive | πᾶσα βασιλεία μερισθεῖσα καθ’ ἑαυτῆς ἐρημοῦται | 1 | Every kingdom divided against itself is made desolate | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “A kingdom will not last when its people fight among themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 808 | MAT | 12 | 25 | kn8c | figs-metonymy | πᾶσα πόλις ἢ οἰκία μερισθεῖσα καθ’ ἑαυτῆς οὐ σταθήσεται | 1 | every city or house divided against itself will not stand | Here, **city** refers to the people who live there, and **house** refers to a family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 809 | MAT | 12 | 25 | xwob | figs-metaphor | πᾶσα πόλις ἢ οἰκία μερισθεῖσα καθ’ ἑαυτῆς οὐ σταθήσεται | 1 | every city or house divided against itself will not stand | Being **divided against itself** represents its people fighting each other. Alternate translation: “it ruins a city or a family when the people fight each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 810 | MAT | 12 | 26 | i42r | figs-metonymy | εἰ ὁ Σατανᾶς τὸν Σατανᾶν ἐκβάλλει | 1 | if Satan casts out Satan | The second use of **Satan** refers to the demons that serve Satan. Alternate translation: “If Satan works against his own demons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 811 | MAT | 12 | 26 | ah7t | figs-rquestion | πῶς οὖν σταθήσεται ἡ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ? | 1 | How then will his kingdom stand? | Jesus uses this question to show the Pharisees that what they were saying was illogical. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “If Satan were divided against himself, his kingdom would not be able to stand!” or “If Satan were to fight against his own demons, his kingdom would not last!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 812 | MAT | 12 | 27 | nvv9 | Βεελζεβοὺλ | 1 | Beelzebul | **Beelzebul** refers to the same person as “Satan” (verse 26). | |
| 813 | MAT | 12 | 27 | gee9 | figs-rquestion | οἱ υἱοὶ ὑμῶν ἐν τίνι ἐκβάλλουσιν? | 1 | by whom do your sons cast them out? | Jesus uses another question to challenge the Pharisees. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “then you must say your followers also cast out demons by the power of Beelzebul. But, you know this is not true.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 814 | MAT | 12 | 27 | x9je | figs-metaphor | οἱ υἱοὶ ὑμῶν | 1 | your sons | Jesus was speaking to the Pharisees. The phrase **your sons** refers to their followers. This was a common way of referring to those who follow teachers or leaders. Alternate translation: “your followers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 815 | MAT | 12 | 27 | jja2 | διὰ τοῦτο, αὐτοὶ κριταὶ ἔσονται ὑμῶν | 1 | For this reason they will be your judges | Alternate translation: “Because your followers cast out demons by the power of God, they prove that you are wrong about me.” | |
| 816 | MAT | 12 | 28 | zb4d | εἰ δὲ…ἐγὼ | 1 | But if I | Here, **if** does not mean Jesus is questioning how he casts out demons. Here Jesus uses the word to introduce a true statement. Alternate translation: “But because I” | |
| 817 | MAT | 12 | 28 | r5dg | figs-metonymy | ἄρα ἔφθασεν ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | then the kingdom of God has come upon you | Here, **kingdom** refers to God’s rule as king. Alternate translation: “this means God is establishing his rule among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 818 | MAT | 12 | 28 | f1wj | figs-you | ἔφθασεν ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς | 1 | has come upon you | Here, **you** is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 819 | MAT | 12 | 29 | t4vu | figs-parables | πῶς δύναταί τις εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ ἰσχυροῦ καὶ τὰ σκεύη αὐτοῦ ἁρπάσαι, ἐὰν μὴ πρῶτον δήσῃ τὸν ἰσχυρόν? καὶ τότε τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ διαρπάσει | 1 | how is anyone able to enter into the house of the strong man and steal his belongings unless first he might have tied up the strong man? And then he will plunder his house | Jesus uses a parable to continue his response to the Pharisees. Jesus means he can drive out demons because he is more powerful than Satan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) |
| 820 | MAT | 12 | 29 | w54c | figs-rquestion | πῶς δύναταί τις εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ ἰσχυροῦ καὶ τὰ σκεύη αὐτοῦ ἁρπάσαι, ἐὰν μὴ πρῶτον δήσῃ τὸν ἰσχυρόν? | 1 | how is anyone able to enter into the house of the strong man and steal his belongings unless first he might have tied up the strong man? | Jesus uses a question to teach the Pharisees and the crowd. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can enter into the house of the strong man and steal his belongings without tying up the strong man first.” or “If a person wants to enter into the house of the strong man and steal his belongings, he must first tie up the strong man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 821 | MAT | 12 | 29 | jb6x | ἐὰν μὴ πρῶτον δήσῃ τὸν ἰσχυρόν? | 1 | unless first he might have tied up the strong man | Alternate translation: “without taking control of the strong man first” | |
| 822 | MAT | 12 | 29 | u6vu | τότε τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ διαρπάσει | 1 | then he will plunder his house | Alternate translation: “then he can steal his possessions” | |
| 823 | MAT | 12 | 30 | ivp9 | ὁ μὴ ὢν μετ’ ἐμοῦ | 1 | The one not being with me | Alternate translation: “The one who does not support me” or “The one who does not work with me” | |
| 824 | MAT | 12 | 30 | gyk8 | κατ’ ἐμοῦ ἐστιν | 1 | is against me | Alternate translation: “opposes me” or “works against me” | |
| 825 | MAT | 12 | 30 | ek1h | figs-metaphor | ὁ μὴ συνάγων μετ’ ἐμοῦ σκορπίζει | 1 | the one not gathering with me scatters | Jesus is using a metaphor that refers to a person either **gathering** the flock of sheep to a shepherd or making them scatter away from the shepherd. Jesus means that a person is either helping to make people become disciples of Jesus or he is making people reject Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 826 | MAT | 12 | 31 | iy8l | λέγω ὑμῖν | 1 | I say to you | This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. | |
| 827 | MAT | 12 | 31 | q5hk | figs-you | λέγω ὑμῖν | 1 | I say to you | Here, **you** is plural. Jesus is speaking directly to the Pharisees, but he is also teaching the crowd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 828 | MAT | 12 | 31 | hy38 | figs-activepassive | πᾶσα ἁμαρτία καὶ βλασφημία ἀφεθήσεται τοῖς ἀνθρώποις | 1 | every sin and blasphemy will be forgiven men | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will forgive every sin that people commit and every evil thing they say” or “God will forgive every person who sins or says evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 829 | MAT | 12 | 31 | ezx8 | figs-activepassive | ἡ…τοῦ Πνεύματος, βλασφημία οὐκ ἀφεθήσεται | 1 | the blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not forgive the person who speaks evil things about the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 830 | MAT | 12 | 32 | gwx2 | figs-metonymy | ὃς ἐὰν εἴπῃ λόγον κατὰ τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου | 1 | whoever might speak a word against the Son of Man | Here, **word** refers to what someone says. Alternate translation: “If a person says anything bad about the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 831 | MAT | 12 | 32 | h79z | figs-123person | τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου | 1 | the Son of Man | Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 832 | MAT | 12 | 32 | z3ma | figs-activepassive | ἀφεθήσεται αὐτῷ | 1 | it will be forgiven him | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will forgive a person for that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 833 | MAT | 12 | 32 | hfs4 | οὐκ ἀφεθήσεται αὐτῷ | 1 | it will not be forgiven him | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not forgive that person” | |
| 834 | MAT | 12 | 32 | lw5j | figs-metonymy | οὔτε ἐν τούτῳ τῷ αἰῶνι οὔτε ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι | 1 | neither in this age, nor in the one coming | Here, **this age** and **the one coming** refer to the present life and the next life. Alternate translation: “in this life or in the next life” or “now or ever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 835 | MAT | 12 | 33 | bi8z | writing-proverbs | ἢ ποιήσατε τὸ δένδρον καλὸν καὶ τὸν καρπὸν αὐτοῦ καλόν, ἢ ποιήσατε τὸ δένδρον σαπρὸν καὶ τὸν καρπὸν αὐτοῦ σαπρόν | 1 | Either make a tree good and its fruit good, or make the tree bad and its fruit bad | This could mean: (1) if you make a **tree good**, its **fruit** will be **good**, and if you **make the tree bad**, **its fruit** will be **bad**. (2) this is a proverb that means if you consider a tree to be good, it will be because its fruit is good, and if you consider it tree to be bad, it will be because its fruit is bad. People were to apply its truth to how they can know whether a person is good or bad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) |
| 836 | MAT | 12 | 33 | kl16 | καλὸν…σαπρὸν | 1 | good … bad | Alternate translation: “healthy … diseased” | |
| 837 | MAT | 12 | 33 | kz12 | figs-metaphor | ἐκ γὰρ τοῦ καρποῦ, τὸ δένδρον γινώσκεται | 1 | for the tree is recognized by its fruit | Here, **fruit** is a metaphor for what a person does. Alternate translation: “people know whether a person is good or bad by looking at the results of that person’s activities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 838 | MAT | 12 | 33 | nx9n | figs-activepassive | ἐκ γὰρ τοῦ καρποῦ, τὸ δένδρον γινώσκεται | 1 | for the tree is recognized by its fruit | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “people know whether a tree is good or bad by looking at its fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 839 | MAT | 12 | 34 | r1uv | figs-metaphor | γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν | 1 | You offspring of vipers | Here, **offspring** means “having the characteristic of.” The **vipers** are poisonous snakes that are dangerous and represent evil. See how you translated a similar phrase in [3:7](../03/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 840 | MAT | 12 | 34 | pl4g | figs-you | γεννήματα…δύνασθε | 1 | You offspring … are you able | Both **You** and **you** are plural and refer to the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 841 | MAT | 12 | 34 | e7x3 | figs-rquestion | πῶς δύνασθε ἀγαθὰ λαλεῖν, πονηροὶ ὄντες? | 1 | being evil, how are you able to say good things? | Jesus uses a question to rebuke the Pharisees. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “you cannot say good things because you are evil” or “you can only say evil things because you are evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 842 | MAT | 12 | 34 | i7c6 | figs-synecdoche | ἐκ…τοῦ περισσεύματος τῆς καρδίας, τὸ στόμα λαλεῖ | 1 | out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaks | Here, **mouth** is a synecdoche that represents a person as a whole. Alternate translation: “what a person says comes from his heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 843 | MAT | 12 | 34 | e9bg | figs-metonymy | ἐκ…τοῦ περισσεύματος τῆς καρδίας, τὸ στόμα λαλεῖ | 1 | out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaks | Here, **heart** is a metonym for the thoughts in a person’s mind. Alternate translation: “what a person says with his mouth reveals what is in his mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 844 | MAT | 12 | 35 | r3uw | figs-metaphor | ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ θησαυροῦ ἐκβάλλει ἀγαθά; καὶ ὁ πονηρὸς ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ θησαυροῦ ἐκβάλλει πονηρά | 1 | The good man from his good treasure brings forth good things, and the evil man from his evil treasure brings forth evil things | Jesus speaks about the **heart** as if it were a container that a person fills with good or evil things. This is a metaphor that means what a person says reveals what the person is truly like. If you want to keep this imagery, see the UST. You can also translate the literal meaning. Alternate translation: “A man who is truly good will speak good things, and the man who is truly evil will speak evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 845 | MAT | 12 | 36 | era6 | λέγω…ὑμῖν | 1 | I say to you | This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. | |
| 846 | MAT | 12 | 36 | f1wh | figs-metonymy | πᾶν ῥῆμα ἀργὸν ὃ λαλήσουσιν | 1 | every idle word that they will speak | Here, **word** refers to something that someone says. Alternate translation: “every harmful thing they will have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 847 | MAT | 12 | 36 | t2pj | οἱ ἄνθρωποι, ἀποδώσουσιν περὶ αὐτοῦ λόγον | 1 | men will give an account concerning it | Alternate translation: “God will ask those people about it” or “those people will have to explain it to God” | |
| 848 | MAT | 12 | 37 | qw5e | figs-activepassive | δικαιωθήσῃ…καταδικασθήσῃ | 1 | you will be justified … you will be condemned | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will justify you … God will condemn you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 849 | MAT | 12 | 38 | mec3 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | The dialogue in verses 38-45 happens immediately after Jesus responded to the Pharisees’ accusation that he healed a man by the power of Satan. | ||
| 850 | MAT | 12 | 38 | aiu6 | θέλομεν | 1 | we wish | Alternate translation: “we want” | |
| 851 | MAT | 12 | 38 | ikg2 | figs-explicit | ἀπὸ σοῦ σημεῖον ἰδεῖν | 1 | to see a sign from you | You can make explicit why they want **to see a sign**. Alternate translation: “to see a sign from you that proves what you say is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 852 | MAT | 12 | 39 | d8b9 | figs-123person | γενεὰ πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλὶς σημεῖον ἐπιζητεῖ, καὶ σημεῖον οὐ δοθήσεται αὐτῇ | 1 | An evil and adulterous generation seeks a sign, but no sign will be given to it | Jesus is speaking to his present **generation**. Alternate translation: “You are an evil and adulterous generation who demands signs from me, but no sign will be given to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 853 | MAT | 12 | 39 | a5di | figs-metaphor | γενεὰ πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλὶς | 1 | An … adulterous generation | Here, **adulterous** is a metaphor for people who are not faithful to God. Alternate translation: “An evil and unfaithful generation” or “An evil and godless generation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 854 | MAT | 12 | 39 | c6hy | figs-activepassive | σημεῖον οὐ δοθήσεται αὐτῇ | 1 | no sign will be given to it | Jesus would not give them a **sign** because, though he had already performed many miracles, they refused to believe him. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not give it a sign” or “God will not give you a sign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 855 | MAT | 12 | 39 | j21p | εἰ μὴ τὸ σημεῖον Ἰωνᾶ τοῦ προφήτου | 1 | except the sign of Jonah the prophet | Alternate translation: “except the same sign God gave to Jonah the prophet” | |
| 856 | MAT | 12 | 40 | vh9i | figs-merism | τρεῖς ἡμέρας καὶ τρεῖς νύκτας | 1 | three days and three nights | Here, **days** and **nights** mean complete 24-hour periods. Alternate translation: “three complete days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) |
| 857 | MAT | 12 | 40 | iuv8 | figs-123person | ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου | 1 | the Son of Man | Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 858 | MAT | 12 | 40 | gg65 | figs-idiom | ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ τῆς γῆς | 1 | in the heart of the earth | This phrase refers to the inside a physical grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 859 | MAT | 12 | 41 | gnh1 | ἄνδρες Νινευεῖται | 1 | The men of Nineveh | Alternate translation: “The citizens of Nineveh” | |
| 860 | MAT | 12 | 41 | b94i | ἐν τῇ κρίσει | 1 | at the judgment | Alternate translation: “on the judgment day” or “when God judges people” | |
| 861 | MAT | 12 | 41 | x8gm | τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης | 1 | this generation | Here, **this generation** refers to the people living during the time Jesus was preaching. | |
| 862 | MAT | 12 | 41 | duz2 | figs-metonymy | κατακρινοῦσιν αὐτήν | 1 | will condemn it | The word **condemn** could: (1) here represent accusing. Alternate translation: “will accuse this generation of people” (2) mean God **will condemn** this generation of people because they did not repent as the people of Nineveh had. Alternate translation: “God will condemn this generation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 863 | MAT | 12 | 41 | qg29 | καὶ ἰδοὺ | 1 | and behold | The word **behold** emphasizes what Jesus says next. | |
| 864 | MAT | 12 | 41 | dbs3 | πλεῖον | 1 | something greater | Alternate translation: “someone more important” | |
| 865 | MAT | 12 | 41 | zb6a | figs-123person | πλεῖον | 1 | something greater | Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 866 | MAT | 12 | 41 | a5p8 | figs-explicit | Ἰωνᾶ ὧδε | 1 | than Jonah is here | You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Jesus’ statement. Alternate translation: “than Jonah is here, yet you still have not repented, which is why God will condemn you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 867 | MAT | 12 | 42 | zwv7 | translate-names | βασίλισσα νότου | 1 | The Queen of the South | This refers to the **Queen** of Sheba. Sheba is a land south of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 868 | MAT | 12 | 42 | kku7 | ἐγερθήσεται ἐν τῇ κρίσει | 1 | will rise up at the judgment | Alternate translation: “will stand up at the judgment” | |
| 869 | MAT | 12 | 42 | z46e | ἐν τῇ κρίσει | 1 | at the judgment | See how you translated this phrase in [12:41](../12/41.md). | |
| 870 | MAT | 12 | 42 | zc72 | τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης | 1 | this generation | Here, **this generation** refers to the people living during the time Jesus was preaching. | |
| 871 | MAT | 12 | 42 | k4ls | figs-metonymy | κατακρινεῖ αὐτήν | 1 | condemn them | See how you translated a similar statement in [12:41](../12/41.md). The word **condemn** could: (1) here represent accusing. Alternate translation: “will accuse this generation of people” (2) mean God will **condemn** this generation of people because they did not listen to wisdom as the Queen of the South had. Alternate translation: “God will condemn this generation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 872 | MAT | 12 | 42 | q8q8 | figs-idiom | ἦλθεν ἐκ τῶν περάτων τῆς γῆς | 1 | she came from the ends of the earth | Here, **the ends of the earth** is an idiom that means “very far away.” Alternate translation: “she came from very far away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 873 | MAT | 12 | 42 | t521 | grammar-connect-words-phrases | ὅτι ἦλθεν ἐκ τῶν περάτων τῆς γῆς ἀκοῦσαι τὴν σοφίαν Σολομῶνος | 1 | for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon | This statement explains why the Queen of the South will condemn the people of Jesus’ generation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) |
| 874 | MAT | 12 | 42 | n99z | καὶ ἰδοὺ | 1 | and behold | The word **behold** adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. | |
| 875 | MAT | 12 | 42 | aj1x | πλεῖον | 1 | something greater | Alternate translation: “someone more important” | |
| 876 | MAT | 12 | 42 | uf5k | figs-123person | πλεῖον | 1 | something greater | Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 877 | MAT | 12 | 42 | yra5 | figs-explicit | Σολομῶνος ὧδε | 1 | than Solomon is here | You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Jesus’ statement. Alternate translation: “than Solomon is here, yet you do not listen. That is why God will condemn you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 878 | MAT | 12 | 43 | f5jr | ἀνύδρων τόπων | 1 | waterless places | Alternate translation: “dry places” or “places where no people live” | |
| 879 | MAT | 12 | 43 | x2ur | οὐχ εὑρίσκει | 1 | not finding it | Here, **it** refers to rest. | |
| 880 | MAT | 12 | 44 | gey7 | τότε λέγει, εἰς τὸν οἶκόν μου ἐπιστρέψω ὅθεν ἐξῆλθον. | 1 | Then it says, ‘I will return to my house from which I departed.’ | You can translate this as a statement rather than a quotation. Alternate translation: “So, the unclean spirit decides to return to the house from which it departed” | |
| 881 | MAT | 12 | 44 | ty9b | figs-metaphor | εἰς τὸν οἶκόν μου…ὅθεν ἐξῆλθον | 1 | to my house from which I departed | Here, **my house** is a metaphor for the person in whom the unclean spirit was living. Alternate translation: “to the person I left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 882 | MAT | 12 | 44 | cd4f | figs-activepassive | εὑρίσκει σχολάζοντα σεσαρωμένον καὶ κεκοσμημένον | 1 | it finds it empty, having been swept out and put in order | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the unclean spirit finds that someone has swept the house clean and has put everything in the house where it belongs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 883 | MAT | 12 | 44 | s6jf | figs-metaphor | σχολάζοντα σεσαρωμένον καὶ κεκοσμημένον | 1 | empty and swept out and put in order | Here, **swept out and put in order** suggests that no one is living in the house. Jesus means when an unclean spirit leaves a person, the person must invite the Holy Spirit to live in him or else the demon will come back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 884 | MAT | 12 | 45 | bhb4 | figs-parables | τότε πορεύεται καὶ παραλαμβάνει μεθ’ ἑαυτοῦ ἑπτὰ ἕτερα πνεύματα πονηρότερα ἑαυτοῦ, καὶ εἰσελθόντα κατοικεῖ ἐκεῖ; καὶ γίνεται τὰ ἔσχατα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκείνου χείρονα τῶν πρώτων. οὕτως ἔσται καὶ τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ τῇ πονηρᾷ | 1 | Then it goes and takes along with itself seven other spirits more evil than itself, and having entered, they live there. And the end of that man becomes worse than the first. It will be the same way also with this evil generation | Jesus tells a parable to warn the people of the danger of not believing him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) |
| 885 | MAT | 12 | 45 | jw1h | οὕτως ἔσται καὶ τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ τῇ πονηρᾷ | 1 | It will be the same way also with this evil generation | This means that if the people of Jesus’ generation do not believe him and become his disciples, they will be in a worse situation than they were before he came. | |
| 886 | MAT | 12 | 46 | qj8w | 0 | General Information: | The arrival of Jesus’ mother and brothers becomes an opportunity for him to describe his spiritual family. | ||
| 887 | MAT | 12 | 46 | ahx7 | ἰδοὺ | 1 | behold | The word **behold** alerts us to a new people in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. | |
| 888 | MAT | 12 | 46 | mh5f | ἡ μήτηρ | 1 | his mother | This is Mary, Jesus’ human mother. | |
| 889 | MAT | 12 | 46 | dq8m | οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ | 1 | his brothers | Most people understand **his brothers** to refer to other sons born to Mary after Jesus—his younger brothers. Some people believe the word **brothers** here refers to Jesus’ cousins. | |
| 890 | MAT | 12 | 46 | z97j | ζητοῦντες…λαλῆσαι | 1 | seeking to speak | Alternate translation: “wanting to speak” | |
| 891 | MAT | 12 | 47 | qd32 | figs-quotations | εἶπεν δέ τις αὐτῷ, ἰδοὺ, ἡ μήτηρ σου καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοί σου ἔξω ἑστήκασιν ζητοῦντές σοι λαλῆσαι. | 1 | Someone said to him, “Behold, your mother and your brothers stand outside, seeking to speak to you.” | You can translate this direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Someone told Jesus that his mother and brothers were outside and wanted to speak to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
| 892 | MAT | 12 | 48 | jm1y | figs-ellipsis | τῷ λέγοντι αὐτῷ | 1 | to the one speaking to him | The details of the message the person told Jesus are understood and not repeated here. Alternate translation: “to the one who told Jesus that his mother and brothers wanted to speak to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 893 | MAT | 12 | 48 | e535 | figs-rquestion | τίς ἐστιν ἡ μήτηρ μου καὶ τίνες εἰσὶν οἱ ἀδελφοί μου? | 1 | Who is my mother and who are my brothers? | Jesus uses this question to teach the people. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will tell you who are really my mother and brothers.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 894 | MAT | 12 | 49 | gk62 | ἰδοὺ | 1 | Behold | Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” | |
| 895 | MAT | 12 | 49 | rxe8 | figs-metaphor | ἡ μήτηρ μου καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοί μου | 1 | my mother and my brothers | This is a metaphor that means Jesus’ disciples belong to Jesus’ spiritual family. This is more important than belonging to his physical family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 896 | MAT | 12 | 50 | e25c | ὅστις…ἂν ποιήσῃ | 1 | whoever may do | Alternate translation: “anyone who does” | |
| 897 | MAT | 12 | 50 | mq9r | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | τοῦ Πατρός μου | 1 | of my Father | **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 898 | MAT | 12 | 50 | gn31 | figs-metaphor | αὐτός μου ἀδελφὸς, καὶ ἀδελφὴ, καὶ μήτηρ ἐστίν | 1 | he is my brother, and sister, and mother | This is a metaphor meaning that those who obey God belong to Jesus’ spiritual family. This is more important than belonging to his physical family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 899 | MAT | 13 | intro | s3lu | 0 | # Matthew 13 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 13:14-15, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>This chapter begins a new section. It contains some of Jesus’ parables about the kingdom of heaven.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metonymy<br><br>Jesus often says The word **heaven** when he wants his hearers to think of God, who lives in heaven ([13:11](../mat/13/11.md)).<br><br>### Implicit information<br><br>Speakers usually do not say things that they think their hearers already understand. When Matthew wrote that Jesus “sat beside the sea” ([Matthew 13:1](../mat/13/01.md)), he probably expected his hearers to know that Jesus was about to teach the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Speakers often use words for things that can be touched to speak of things that cannot be touched. Jesus spoke of a bird eating a seed to describe how Satan kept people from understanding Jesus’ message ([13:19](../mat/13/19.md)).<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Passive voice<br><br>Many sentences in this chapter tell that a person had something happen to him without saying who caused that something to happen. For example, “they were scorched” ([13:6](../mat/13/06.md)). You may have to translate the sentence so that it tells the reader who performed the action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])<br><br>### Parables<br><br>The parables were short stories that Jesus told so that people would easily understand the lesson he was trying to teach them. He also told the stories so that those who did not want to believe in him would not understand the truth ([13:11-13](./11.md)). | |||
| 900 | MAT | 13 | 1 | r4xv | 0 | General Information: | This is the beginning of a new part of the story where Jesus begins to teach the crowds, using parables, about the kingdom of heaven. | ||
| 901 | MAT | 13 | 1 | vx5y | ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ | 1 | On that day | These events happened on the same **day** as those in the previous chapter. | |
| 902 | MAT | 13 | 1 | cy1t | ἐξελθὼν…τῆς οἰκίας | 1 | having gone out of the house | It is not mentioned at whose **house** Jesus was staying. | |
| 903 | MAT | 13 | 1 | zjb3 | figs-explicit | ἐκάθητο παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν | 1 | was sitting beside the sea | It is implied that the reason he sat down was to teach the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 904 | MAT | 13 | 2 | d16z | figs-explicit | ὥστε αὐτὸν εἰς πλοῖον ἐμβάντα καθῆσθαι | 1 | so that, having stepped into a boat, he sat down | It is implied that Jesus got into a boat because it would make it easier to teach the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 905 | MAT | 13 | 2 | jge7 | translate-unknown | πλοῖον | 1 | a boat | This **boat** was probably an open, wooden fishing boat with a sail. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 906 | MAT | 13 | 3 | e99p | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Jesus describes the kingdom of heaven by telling a parable about a person who sows seeds. | ||
| 907 | MAT | 13 | 3 | f5mv | καὶ ἐλάλησεν αὐτοῖς πολλὰ ἐν παραβολαῖς | 1 | And he spoke many things to them in parables | Alternate translation: “And Jesus told them many things in parables” | |
| 908 | MAT | 13 | 3 | w5p3 | αὐτοῖς | 1 | to them | Alternate translation: “to the people in the crowd” | |
| 909 | MAT | 13 | 3 | m97r | ἰδοὺ | 1 | Behold | The word **Behold** calls attention to what is to be said next. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” or “Look” or “Listen” | |
| 910 | MAT | 13 | 3 | ur64 | ἐξῆλθεν ὁ σπείρων τοῦ σπείρειν | 1 | a sower went out to sow | Alternate translation: “a farmer went out to scatter seeds in a field” | |
| 911 | MAT | 13 | 4 | c6g6 | καὶ ἐν τῷ σπείρειν αὐτὸν | 1 | And as he sowed | Alternate translation: “And as the farmer scattered the seed” | |
| 912 | MAT | 13 | 4 | v7r8 | παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν | 1 | beside the road | Here, **road** may refer to a path next to the field. The ground there would have been hard from people walking on it. | |
| 913 | MAT | 13 | 4 | qr2d | κατέφαγεν αὐτά | 1 | devoured them | Alternate translation: “ate all the seeds” | |
| 914 | MAT | 13 | 5 | l2g6 | τὰ πετρώδη | 1 | the rocky ground | This is ground full of rocks with just a thin layer of soil on top of the rocks. | |
| 915 | MAT | 13 | 5 | ql87 | καὶ εὐθέως ἐξανέτειλεν | 1 | And immediately they sprang up | Alternate translation: “And the seeds quickly sprouted and grew” | |
| 916 | MAT | 13 | 6 | qq5x | figs-activepassive | ἐκαυματίσθη | 1 | they were scorched | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the sun scorched the plants, and they became too hot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 917 | MAT | 13 | 6 | az8l | ἐξηράνθη | 1 | they were dried up | Alternate translation: “the plants became dry and died” | |
| 918 | MAT | 13 | 7 | ugc9 | ἔπεσεν ἐπὶ τὰς ἀκάνθας | 1 | fell among the thorn plants | Alternate translation: “fell where plants with thorns grew” | |
| 919 | MAT | 13 | 7 | vt8z | ἀπέπνιξαν αὐτά | 1 | choked them | Translate **choked** with a word your language uses for the way weeds prevent other plants from growing well. Alternate translation: “choked the new sprouts” or “crowded around the new plants and prevented them from growing” | |
| 920 | MAT | 13 | 8 | iwv2 | ἐδίδου καρπόν | 1 | produced fruit | Alternate translation: “grew more seeds” or “gave more grain” | |
| 921 | MAT | 13 | 8 | e91e | figs-ellipsis | ὃ μὲν ἑκατὸν, ὃ δὲ ἑξήκοντα, ὃ δὲ τριάκοντα | 1 | some one 100 times as much, and some 60, and some 30 | The words “seeds,” “produced,” and “crop” are understood from the previous phrase. These can be expressed clearly. Alternate translation: “some seeds produced 100 times as much crop, some seeds produced 60 times as much crop, and some seeds produced 30 times as much crop” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 922 | MAT | 13 | 9 | q2e2 | figs-metonymy | ὁ ἔχων ὦτα, ἀκουέτω | 1 | The one having ears, let him hear | Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase **having ears** here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated a similar phrase in [11:15](../11/15.md). Alternate translation: “Let the one who is willing to listen, listen” or “The one who is willing to understand, let him understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 923 | MAT | 13 | 9 | gkv1 | figs-123person | ὁ ἔχων ὦτα, ἀκουέτω | 1 | The one having ears, let him hear | Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated a similar phrase in [11:15](../11/15.md). Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 924 | MAT | 13 | 10 | p8yc | 0 | General Information: | Jesus explains to his disciples why he teaches with parables. | ||
| 925 | MAT | 13 | 11 | fc5n | figs-activepassive | ὑμῖν δέδοται γνῶναι τὰ μυστήρια τῆς Βασιλείας τῶν Οὐρανῶν, ἐκείνοις δὲ οὐ δέδοται | 1 | To you has been given to understand the mysteries of the kingdom of the heavens, but to those it has not been given | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God has given to you to understand mysteries of the kingdom of the heavens, but God has not given it to these people” or “God has made you able to understand mysteries of the kingdom of the heavens, but he has not enabled these people to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 926 | MAT | 13 | 11 | xq2v | figs-explicit | ὑμῖν δέδοται γνῶναι τὰ μυστήρια τῆς Βασιλείας τῶν Οὐρανῶν, ἐκείνοις δὲ οὐ δέδοται | 1 | To you has been given to understand the mysteries of the kingdom of the heavens, but to those it has not been given | You can state the implied information clearly. Alternate translation: “God has given you the privilege of understanding mysteries of the kingdom of the heavens, but God has not given it to these people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 927 | MAT | 13 | 11 | rcd3 | figs-you | ὑμῖν | 1 | To you has been given to understand | The word **you** is plural here and refers to the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 928 | MAT | 13 | 11 | ah6u | figs-metonymy | τὰ μυστήρια τῆς Βασιλείας τῶν Οὐρανῶν | 1 | the mysteries of the kingdom of the heavens | Here, **kingdom of the heavens** refers to God’s rule. The phrase **kingdom of the heavens** occurs only in the book of Matthew. If possible, try to keep it in your translation. Alternate translation: “the secrets about our God in heaven and his rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 929 | MAT | 13 | 12 | j3rl | ὅστις…ἔχει | 1 | whoever has | Alternate translation: “whoever has understanding” or “whoever receives what I teach” | |
| 930 | MAT | 13 | 12 | v61y | figs-activepassive | δοθήσεται | 1 | it will be given | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will give him more understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 931 | MAT | 13 | 12 | xsr5 | ὅστις…οὐκ ἔχει | 2 | whoever does not have | Alternate translation: “whoever does not have understanding” or “whoever does not receive what I teach” | |
| 932 | MAT | 13 | 12 | bl5s | figs-activepassive | καὶ ὃ ἔχει ἀρθήσεται ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ | 1 | even what he has will be taken away from him | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will take away even what he has” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 933 | MAT | 13 | 13 | v6pb | αὐτοῖς…οὐ βλέπουσιν…οὐκ ἀκούουσιν | 1 | to them … they do not see … they do not hear | All occurrences of **them** and **they** refer to the people in the crowd. | |
| 934 | MAT | 13 | 13 | uk7j | figs-parallelism | ὅτι βλέποντες οὐ βλέπουσιν, καὶ ἀκούοντες οὐκ ἀκούουσιν, οὐδὲ συνίουσιν | 1 | because seeing, they do not see; and hearing, they do not hear nor understand | Jesus uses this parallelism to tell and emphasize to the disciples that the crowd refuses to understand God’s truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 935 | MAT | 13 | 13 | ae8k | βλέποντες | 1 | seeing | This could refer to: (1) them **seeing** what Jesus does. Alternate translation: “though they see what I do” (2) their ability to see. Alternate translation: “though they are able to see” | |
| 936 | MAT | 13 | 13 | nbi3 | figs-metaphor | οὐ βλέπουσιν | 1 | they do not see | Here, **see** represents understanding. Alternate translation: “they do not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 937 | MAT | 13 | 13 | j4bg | ἀκούοντες | 1 | hearing | This could refer to: (1) them **hearing** what Jesus teaches. Alternate translation: “though they hear what I say” (2) their ability to hear. Alternate translation: “though they are able to hear” | |
| 938 | MAT | 13 | 13 | gq65 | figs-metaphor | οὐκ ἀκούουσιν | 1 | they do not hear | Here, **hear** represents listening well. Alternate translation: “they do not listen well” or “they do not pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 939 | MAT | 13 | 14 | jz9n | καὶ ἀναπληροῦται αὐτοῖς ἡ προφητεία Ἠσαΐου ἡ λέγουσα | 1 | And to them the prophecy of Isaiah is being fulfilled, which says | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “And they are fulfilling what God said long ago through the prophet Isaiah” | |
| 940 | MAT | 13 | 14 | z2es | figs-parallelism | ἀκοῇ ἀκούσετε καὶ οὐ μὴ συνῆτε; καὶ βλέποντες βλέψετε καὶ οὐ μὴ ἴδητε | 1 | In hearing you will hear, but you may certainly not understand; and seeing, you will see, but you may certainly not perceive | This begins a quote from the prophet Isaiah about the unbelieving people of Isaiah’s day. Jesus uses this quote to describe the very crowd that was listening to him. These statements are again parallel and emphasize that the people refused to understand God’s truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 941 | MAT | 13 | 14 | a1im | figs-explicit | ἀκοῇ ἀκούσετε καὶ οὐ μὴ συνῆτε | 1 | In hearing you will hear, but you may certainly not understand | You can make explicit what the people **will hear**. Alternate translation: “You will hear what God says through the prophets, but you will not understand its true meaning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 942 | MAT | 13 | 14 | emu1 | figs-explicit | βλέποντες βλέψετε καὶ οὐ μὴ ἴδητε | 1 | seeing, you will see, but you may certainly not perceive | You can make explicit what the people **will see**. Alternate translation: “you will see what God does through the prophets, but you will not understand it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 943 | MAT | 13 | 15 | lu8u | figs-metaphor | ἐπαχύνθη γὰρ ἡ καρδία τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου, καὶ τοῖς ὠσὶν βαρέως ἤκουσαν, καὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν ἐκάμμυσαν; μήποτε ἴδωσιν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς, καὶ τοῖς ὠσὶν ἀκούσωσιν, καὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ συνῶσιν, καὶ ἐπιστρέψωσιν καὶ ἰάσομαι αὐτούς | 1 | For the heart of this people has become dull, and their ears heard with difficulty, and they closed their eyes, lest they might see with their eyes, and might hear with their ears, and might understand with their hearts, and they might turn back, and I will heal them | In 13:15 God describes the people of Israel as if they have physical diseases that cause them to be unable to learn, to **see**, and to **hear**. God wants them to come to him so he will **heal** them. This is all a metaphor describing the people’s spiritual condition. It means the people are stubborn and refuse to receive and understand God’s truth. If they would, then they would repent and God would forgive them and welcome them back as his people. If the meaning is clear, keep the metaphor in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 944 | MAT | 13 | 15 | fy7m | figs-metonymy | ἐπαχύνθη γὰρ ἡ καρδία τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου | 1 | For the heart of this people has become dull | Here, **heart** refers to the mind. Alternate translation: “For these people’s minds are slow to learn” or “For these people can no longer learn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 945 | MAT | 13 | 15 | q87m | figs-metonymy | τοῖς ὠσὶν βαρέως ἤκουσαν | 1 | their ears heard with difficulty | They are not physically deaf. Here, **heard with difficulty** means they refuse to listen and learn God’s truth. Alternate translation: “they refuse to use their ears to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 946 | MAT | 13 | 15 | y7t7 | figs-metonymy | τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν ἐκάμμυσαν | 1 | they closed their eyes | They have not literally **closed their eyes**. This means they refuse to understand. Alternate translation: “they refuse to use their eyes to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 947 | MAT | 13 | 15 | fl93 | μήποτε ἴδωσιν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς, καὶ τοῖς ὠσὶν ἀκούσωσιν, καὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ συνῶσιν, καὶ ἐπιστρέψωσιν | 1 | lest they might see with their eyes, and might hear with their ears, and might understand with their hearts, and they might turn back | Alternate translation: “so that they are not able to see with their eyes, hear with their ears, or understand with their heart, and as a result turn again” | |
| 948 | MAT | 13 | 15 | sr25 | figs-metonymy | τῇ καρδίᾳ συνῶσιν | 1 | might understand with their hearts | The word **hearts** here is a metonym for people’s innermost being. You may need to use the word in your language for the source of people’s thinking and feelings. Alternate translation: “understand with their minds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 949 | MAT | 13 | 15 | ps56 | ἐπιστρέψωσιν | 1 | they might turn back | Alternate translation: “they might turn back to me” or “they might repent” | |
| 950 | MAT | 13 | 15 | q1h9 | figs-metaphor | ἰάσομαι αὐτούς | 1 | I will heal them | Here, to **heal them** means God would restore them spiritually by forgiving their sins and receiving them again as his people. Alternate translation: “have me receive them again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 951 | MAT | 13 | 16 | yhe4 | figs-parallelism | ὑμῶν δὲ μακάριοι οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ὅτι βλέπουσιν, καὶ τὰ ὦτα ὑμῶν ὅτι ἀκούουσιν | 1 | But blessed are your eyes, for they see; and your ears, for they hear | Both of these statements mean the same thing. Jesus is emphasizing that they have pleased God because they have believed what Jesus has said and done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 952 | MAT | 13 | 16 | glp8 | figs-synecdoche | ὑμῶν δὲ μακάριοι οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ὅτι βλέπουσιν | 1 | But blessed are your eyes, for they see | Here, **eyes** refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “You are blessed because your eyes are able to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 953 | MAT | 13 | 16 | rlt3 | figs-you | ὑμῶν…ὑμῶν | 1 | your … your | Both occurrences of **your** are plural and refer to the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 954 | MAT | 13 | 16 | jp32 | figs-synecdoche | τὰ ὦτα ὑμῶν ὅτι ἀκούουσιν | 1 | your ears, for they hear | Here, **ears** refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “you, for you hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 955 | MAT | 13 | 16 | xczh | figs-ellipsis | τὰ ὦτα ὑμῶν ὅτι ἀκούουσιν | 1 | your ears, for they hear | You can clearly explicitly the implied information. Alternate translation: “you are blessed because your ears are able to hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 956 | MAT | 13 | 17 | mg58 | ἀμὴν, γὰρ λέγω ὑμῖν | 1 | For truly I say to you | This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. Alternate translation: “For I tell you the truth” | |
| 957 | MAT | 13 | 17 | bsj7 | figs-you | ὑμῖν…βλέπετε…ἀκούετε | 1 | to you … you see … you hear | All occurrences of **you** are plural and refer to the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 958 | MAT | 13 | 17 | e6ci | figs-explicit | ἃ βλέπετε | 1 | the things you see | You can state explicitly what they have seen. Alternate translation: “the things you have seen me do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 959 | MAT | 13 | 17 | q14w | figs-explicit | ἃ ἀκούετε | 1 | the things you hear | You can state explicitly what they have heard. Alternate translation: “the things you have heard me say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 960 | MAT | 13 | 18 | w35t | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Here Jesus begins to explain to his disciples the parable about a person who sows seeds, which he began in [13:3](../13/03.md). | ||
| 961 | MAT | 13 | 19 | v2d7 | τὸν λόγον τῆς βασιλείας | 1 | the word of the kingdom | Alternate translation: “the message about God’s rule as king” | |
| 962 | MAT | 13 | 19 | a8nu | figs-metaphor | ἔρχεται ὁ πονηρὸς καὶ ἁρπάζει τὸ ἐσπαρμένον ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ | 1 | the evil one comes and snatches away what has been sown in his heart | Jesus speaks of Satan causing the person to forget what he has heard as if Satan were a bird snatching the seed from the ground. Alternate translation: “The evil one causes him to forget the message that he has heard just as a bird snatches away seed from the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 963 | MAT | 13 | 19 | sb7u | figs-explicit | ὁ πονηρὸς | 1 | the evil one | Here, **the evil one** refers to Satan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 964 | MAT | 13 | 19 | pt4d | ἁρπάζει | 1 | snatches away | Translate **snatches** with a word in your language that means to grab something away from someone who is the rightful owner. | |
| 965 | MAT | 13 | 19 | r9u6 | figs-activepassive | τὸ ἐσπαρμένον ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ | 1 | what has been sown in his heart | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the message that God sowed in his heart” or “the message that he heard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 966 | MAT | 13 | 19 | xi8f | figs-metonymy | ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ | 1 | in his heart | Here, **heart** refers to the mind of the hearer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 967 | MAT | 13 | 19 | wfd3 | οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ παρὰ τὴν ὁδὸν σπαρείς | 1 | This is what was sown beside the road | Alternate translation: “This is the meaning of the seed that was sown beside the road” or “The road where seed was sown represents this person” | |
| 968 | MAT | 13 | 19 | xgz5 | παρὰ τὴν ὁδὸν | 1 | beside the road | See how you translated this in [13:4](../13/04.md). | |
| 969 | MAT | 13 | 20 | l5iv | figs-explicit | ὁ δὲ ἐπὶ τὰ πετρώδη σπαρείς | 1 | Now that sown on the rocky ground | The phrase **that sown** refers to seed that fell. Alternate translation: “Now the seed that fell on rocky ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 970 | MAT | 13 | 20 | w4f9 | ὁ δὲ ἐπὶ τὰ πετρώδη σπαρείς, οὗτός ἐστιν | 1 | Now that sown on rocky ground, this is | Alternate translation: “Now the rocky ground where seed was sown represents” or “Now the rocky ground where seed fell represents” | |
| 971 | MAT | 13 | 20 | e3hm | ὁ τὸν λόγον ἀκούων | 1 | the one hearing the word | In the parable, the seed represents **the word**. | |
| 972 | MAT | 13 | 20 | cl6g | figs-metonymy | τὸν λόγον | 1 | the word | Here, **the word** represents God’s message. Alternate translation: “the message” or “God’s teaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 973 | MAT | 13 | 20 | z76f | figs-metaphor | μετὰ χαρᾶς λαμβάνων αὐτόν | 1 | receiving it with joy | Believing the word is spoken of as **receiving it**. Alternate translation: “joyfully believing it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 974 | MAT | 13 | 21 | zg9q | figs-metaphor | οὐκ ἔχει δὲ ῥίζαν ἐν ἑαυτῷ, ἀλλὰ πρόσκαιρός ἐστιν | 1 | But he has no root in himself, but is temporary | The **root** represents what makes a person continue to believe God’s message. Alternate translation: “But like a plant that does not grow deep roots, he only endures for a little while” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 975 | MAT | 13 | 21 | lim9 | figs-metaphor | εὐθὺς σκανδαλίζεται | 1 | immediately he is caused to stumble | Here, **is caused to stumble** means stops believing. Alternate translation: “he quickly stops believing the message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 976 | MAT | 13 | 22 | d4h5 | figs-explicit | ὁ…σπαρείς | 1 | that which has been sown | This refers to seed that was **sown** or that fell. Alternate translation: “the seed that was sown” or “the seed that fell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 977 | MAT | 13 | 22 | rcj8 | ὁ δὲ εἰς τὰς ἀκάνθας σπαρείς | 1 | Now that which has been sown among the thorn plants | Alternate translation: “Now the ground with the thorn plants where seed was sown” | |
| 978 | MAT | 13 | 22 | anm5 | οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ | 1 | this is the one | Alternate translation: “this represents the person” | |
| 979 | MAT | 13 | 22 | a3u1 | τὸν λόγον | 1 | the word | Alternate translation: “the message” or “God’s teaching” | |
| 980 | MAT | 13 | 22 | q2nh | figs-metaphor | ἡ μέριμνα τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου καὶ ἡ ἀπάτη τοῦ πλούτου συνπνίγει τὸν λόγον | 1 | the cares of this age and the deceitfulness of riches choke the word | Jesus speaks about the **cares** of the world and the **deceitfulness of riches** distracting a person from obeying God’s word as if they were weeds that could wind around a plant and keep it from growing. Alternate translation: “as weeds prevent good plants from growing, the cares of the world and the deceitfulness of riches keep this person from listening to God’s word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 981 | MAT | 13 | 22 | xa8r | ἡ μέριμνα τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου | 1 | the cares of this age | Alternate translation: “the things in this world that people worry about” | |
| 982 | MAT | 13 | 22 | wwf5 | figs-personification | ἡ ἀπάτη τοῦ πλούτου | 1 | the deceitfulness of riches | Jesus describes **riches** as if it were a person who could deceive someone. This means people think having more money will make them happy, but it will not. Alternate translation: “the love of money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 983 | MAT | 13 | 22 | gn6z | figs-metaphor | ἄκαρπος γίνεται | 1 | it becomes unfruitful | The person is spoken of as if he were a plant. Being **unfruitful** represents being unproductive. Alternate translation: “he becomes unproductive” or “he does not do what God wants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 984 | MAT | 13 | 23 | xw4b | ὁ…ἐπὶ τὴν καλὴν γῆν σπαρείς | 1 | that which has been sown on the good soil | Alternate translation: “the good soil where seeds were sown” | |
| 985 | MAT | 13 | 23 | ptb8 | figs-metaphor | ὃς δὴ καρποφορεῖ καὶ ποιεῖ, ὃ | 1 | who indeed bears fruit, and some yield | The person is spoken of as if he were a plant. Alternate translation: “like a healthy plant that is productive, some bear a crop that yields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 986 | MAT | 13 | 23 | wm3p | figs-ellipsis | ποιεῖ, ὃ μὲν ἑκατὸν, ὃ δὲ ἑξήκοντα, ὃ δὲ τριάκοντα | 1 | some yield 100 times, and some 60, and some 30 | The phrase “as much as was planted” is understood following each of these numbers. See how you translated this in [13:8](../13/08.md). Alternate translation: “some people produce 100 times as much as was planted, some produce 60 times as much, and some produce 30 times as much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 987 | MAT | 13 | 24 | l5yx | figs-parables | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Here Jesus describes the kingdom of heaven by telling a parable about a field with both wheat and weeds growing in it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) | |
| 988 | MAT | 13 | 24 | k8pu | figs-simile | ὡμοιώθη ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν, ἀνθρώπῳ | 1 | The kingdom of the heavens is like a man | The translation should not equate the **kingdom of the heavens** to a man, but rather the **kingdom of the heavens** is like the situation described in the parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 989 | MAT | 13 | 24 | f8j5 | figs-metonymy | ὡμοιώθη ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν | 1 | The kingdom of the heavens is like | Here, **kingdom of the heavens** refers to God’s rule as king. The phrase **kingdom of the heavens** is used only in Matthew. if possible, use **heavens** in your translation. Alternate translation: “When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 990 | MAT | 13 | 24 | u21k | figs-explicit | καλὸν σπέρμα | 1 | good seed | The audience probably thought that Jesus was talking about wheat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Alternate translation: “good food seeds” or “good grain seeds” |
| 991 | MAT | 13 | 25 | zn8v | ἦλθεν αὐτοῦ ὁ ἐχθρὸς | 1 | his enemy came | Alternate translation: “his enemy came to the field” | |
| 992 | MAT | 13 | 25 | q4tv | ζιζάνια | 1 | darnel | The **darnel** that was sown looks like food plants when it is young, but its grain is poison. Alternate translation: “bad seed” or “weed seeds” | |
| 993 | MAT | 13 | 26 | lea1 | ὅτε δὲ ἐβλάστησεν ὁ χόρτος | 1 | But when the blades sprouted | Alternate translation: “But when the wheat seeds sprouted” or “But after the plants came up” | |
| 994 | MAT | 13 | 26 | jgv9 | καρπὸν ἐποίησεν | 1 | produced fruit | Alternate translation: “produced grain” or “produced the wheat crop” | |
| 995 | MAT | 13 | 26 | tu4q | τότε ἐφάνη καὶ τὰ ζιζάνια | 1 | then the darnel became visible also | Alternate translation: “then people could see there were weeds in the field also” | |
| 996 | MAT | 13 | 27 | h51x | τοῦ οἰκοδεσπότου | 1 | of the landowner | The **landowner** is the same person who sowed good seed in his field. | |
| 997 | MAT | 13 | 27 | gr7d | figs-rquestion | οὐχὶ καλὸν σπέρμα ἔσπειρας ἐν τῷ σῷ ἀγρῷ? | 1 | did you not sow good seed in your field? | The servants used a question to emphasize their surprise. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “you sowed good seed in your field!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 998 | MAT | 13 | 27 | fb86 | figs-metonymy | οὐχὶ…ἔσπειρας | 1 | did you not sow | The landowner probably had his servants plant the seeds. Alternate translation: “did we not sow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 999 | MAT | 13 | 28 | r83z | ὁ δὲ ἔφη αὐτοῖς | 1 | But he was saying to them | Alternate translation: “But the landowner said to the servants” | |
| 1000 | MAT | 13 | 28 | num8 | θέλεις οὖν | 1 | Therefore, do you want us | The word **us** refers to the servants. | |
| 1001 | MAT | 13 | 29 | c9jc | ὁ δέ φησιν | 1 | But he says | Alternate translation: “But the landowner said to his servants” | |
| 1002 | MAT | 13 | 30 | z36a | figs-quotations | ἐρῶ τοῖς θερισταῖς, συλλέξατε πρῶτον τὰ ζιζάνια καὶ δήσατε αὐτὰ εἰς δέσμας πρὸς τὸ κατακαῦσαι αὐτά; τὸν δὲ σῖτον συναγάγετε εἰς τὴν ἀποθήκην μου. | 1 | I will say to the reapers, “First gather up the darnel and tie them in bundles to burn them up, but gather the wheat into my barn.” | You can translate this direct quotation as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “I will tell the reapers to first gather up the darnel and tie them in bundles to burn them, and then gather the wheat into my barn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
| 1003 | MAT | 13 | 30 | ll14 | τὴν ἀποθήκην | 1 | barn | A **barn** is a farm building that can be used for storing grain, animals, and other farm items. | |
| 1004 | MAT | 13 | 31 | tdf4 | figs-parables | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Jesus describes the kingdom of heaven by telling a parable about a very small seed that grows into a very big plant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) | |
| 1005 | MAT | 13 | 31 | jw7u | figs-metonymy | ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν | 1 | The kingdom of the heavens is like | Here, **kingdom of the heavens** refers to God’s rule as king. The phrase **kingdom of the heavens** is used only in Matthew. if possible, use **heavens** in your translation. See how you translated this in [13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate translation: “When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1006 | MAT | 13 | 31 | qby8 | translate-unknown | κόκκῳ σινάπεως | 1 | a mustard seed | A **mustard seed** is a very small seed that grows into a large plant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 1007 | MAT | 13 | 32 | gyi1 | figs-explicit | ὃ μικρότερον μέν ἐστιν πάντων τῶν σπερμάτων | 1 | which is indeed the smallest of all the seeds | Mustard seeds were the **smallest** **seeds** known to the original hearers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 1008 | MAT | 13 | 32 | x65d | ὅταν δὲ αὐξηθῇ | 1 | But when it may grow | Alternate translation: “But when the plant has grown” | |
| 1009 | MAT | 13 | 32 | um9k | μεῖζον…ἐστὶν | 1 | it is greater than | Alternate translation: “it is larger than” | |
| 1010 | MAT | 13 | 32 | g6v8 | γίνεται δένδρον | 1 | becomes a tree | A mustard plant can grow about 2 to 4 meters tall—the height of a small **tree**. | |
| 1011 | MAT | 13 | 32 | c9te | τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ | 1 | the birds of the sky | Alternate translation: “the birds” | |
| 1012 | MAT | 13 | 33 | a1th | figs-parables | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Jesus describes the kingdom of heaven by telling a parable about the effect that yeast has on flour. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) | |
| 1013 | MAT | 13 | 33 | z94k | figs-simile | ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν ζύμῃ | 1 | The kingdom of heaven is like yeast | The **kingdom** is not like the **yeast**, but the spread of the **kingdom** is like the spreading of the **yeast**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 1014 | MAT | 13 | 33 | w8sb | figs-metonymy | ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν | 1 | The kingdom of the heavens is like | Here, **kingdom of the heavens** refers to God’s rule as king. The phrase **kingdom of the heavens** is used only in Matthew. if possible, use **heavens** in your translation. See how you translated this in [13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate translation: “When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1015 | MAT | 13 | 33 | r88g | translate-bvolume | ἀλεύρου σάτα τρία | 1 | three measures of flour | You can translate this phrase as “a large amount of flour” or use a term that your culture uses for measuring large amounts of flour. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) |
| 1016 | MAT | 13 | 33 | c35r | figs-explicit | γυνὴ ἐνέκρυψεν εἰς ἀλεύρου σάτα τρία, ἕως οὗ ἐζυμώθη ὅλον | 1 | a woman mixed with three measures of flour until it all was leavened | The implied information is that the yeast and the three measures of flour were made into dough for baking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 1017 | MAT | 13 | 34 | nt7u | figs-parallelism | ταῦτα πάντα ἐλάλησεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐν παραβολαῖς τοῖς ὄχλοις, καὶ χωρὶς παραβολῆς οὐδὲν ἐλάλει αὐτοῖς | 1 | All these things Jesus spoke to the crowds in parables; and he was speaking nothing to them without a parable | Both sentences mean the same thing. They are combined to emphasize that Jesus taught **the crowds** only with **parables**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 1018 | MAT | 13 | 34 | n54e | ταῦτα πάντα | 1 | All these things | Here, **All these things** refers to what Jesus taught beginning at [13:1](../13/01.md). | |
| 1019 | MAT | 13 | 34 | a5c7 | figs-doublenegatives | χωρὶς παραβολῆς οὐδὲν ἐλάλει αὐτοῖς | 1 | he was speaking nothing to them without a parable | If your readers would misunderstand the double-negative **nothing … without**, you can express it in a positive way. Alternate translation: “everything he taught them he said in parables” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 1020 | MAT | 13 | 35 | ybq5 | figs-activepassive | πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος | 1 | what had been said through the prophet might be fulfilled, saying | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “what God told one of the prophets to write long ago might come true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1021 | MAT | 13 | 35 | p3tb | λέγοντος | 1 | saying | Alternate translation: “when the prophet said” | |
| 1022 | MAT | 13 | 35 | f9gl | ἀνοίξω ἐν παραβολαῖς τὸ στόμα μου; ἐρεύξομαι κεκρυμμένα ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου | 1 | Here the author quotes from the Psalms to show that Jesus’ teaching in parables fulfilled prophecy. | ||
| 1023 | MAT | 13 | 35 | n1pa | figs-idiom | ἀνοίξω…τὸ στόμα μου | 1 | I will open my mouth | This is an idiom that means “to speak.” Alternate translation: “I will speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 1024 | MAT | 13 | 35 | yx6y | figs-activepassive | κεκρυμμένα | 1 | what has been hidden | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “things that God has kept hidden” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1025 | MAT | 13 | 35 | th8t | ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου | 1 | from the foundation of the world | Alternate translation: “since the beginning of the world” or “since God created the world” | |
| 1026 | MAT | 13 | 36 | pq2h | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Here the scene shifts to the house where Jesus and his disciples were staying. Jesus begins to explain to them the parable of the field that had both wheat and weeds, which he told beginning in [13:24](../13/24.md). | ||
| 1027 | MAT | 13 | 36 | x5w7 | ἦλθεν εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν | 1 | he went into the house | Alternate translation: “he went indoors” or “he went into the house where he was staying” | |
| 1028 | MAT | 13 | 37 | aj8f | ὁ σπείρων τὸ καλὸν σπέρμα | 1 | The one sowing the good seed | Alternate translation: “The one who sows the good seed” or “The sower of the good seed” | |
| 1029 | MAT | 13 | 37 | xj4s | figs-123person | ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου | 1 | the Son of Man | Jesus is referring to himself as the **Son of Man**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 1030 | MAT | 13 | 38 | h9iz | figs-idiom | οἱ υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας | 1 | the sons of the kingdom | The idiom **sons of** refers to those who belong to or to have the same character as someone or something. Alternate translation: “the people who belong to the kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 1031 | MAT | 13 | 38 | eni3 | figs-metonymy | τῆς βασιλείας | 1 | of the kingdom | Here, **kingdom** refers to God the king. Alternate translation: “of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1032 | MAT | 13 | 38 | edu7 | figs-idiom | οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πονηροῦ | 1 | the sons of the evil one | The idiom **sons of** refers those who belong to or to have the same character as someone or something. Alternate translation: “the people who belong to the evil one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 1033 | MAT | 13 | 39 | sgx2 | ὁ…ἐχθρὸς, ὁ σπείρας αὐτά | 1 | the enemy who sowed them | Alternate translation: “the enemy who sowed the weeds” | |
| 1034 | MAT | 13 | 40 | rn64 | figs-activepassive | ὥσπερ οὖν συλλέγεται τὰ ζιζάνια καὶ πυρὶ κατακαίεται | 1 | Therefore, just as the darnel are gathered up and burned with fire | You can translate this in active form. Alternate translation: “Therefore, as people gather up weeds and burn them in the fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1035 | MAT | 13 | 41 | fiy4 | figs-123person | ἀποστελεῖ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ | 1 | The Son of Man will send out his angels | Here Jesus is speaking of himself as the **Son of Man**. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man, will send out my angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 1036 | MAT | 13 | 41 | ptw9 | τοὺς ποιοῦντας τὴν ἀνομίαν | 1 | those doing lawlessness | Alternate translation: “those who are lawless” or “evil people” | |
| 1037 | MAT | 13 | 42 | d9md | figs-metaphor | τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρός | 1 | the furnace of fire | This is a metaphor for the fires of hell. If the term **furnace** is not known, “oven” can be used. Alternate translation: “fiery furnace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 1038 | MAT | 13 | 42 | zu3j | translate-symaction | ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων | 1 | weeping and grinding of teeth | Here, **grinding of teeth** is a symbolic act, representing extreme sadness and suffering. See how you translated this in [8:12](../08/12.md). Alternate translation: “weeping and showing that they are suffering very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
| 1039 | MAT | 13 | 43 | u6sm | figs-simile | ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ὁ ἥλιος | 1 | will shine as the sun | If this simile is not understandable in your language, you can use: “will be as easy to see as the sun.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 1040 | MAT | 13 | 43 | sea2 | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτῶν | 1 | of their Father | **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 1041 | MAT | 13 | 43 | zxh2 | figs-metonymy | ὁ ἔχων ὦτα, ἀκουέτω | 1 | The one having ears, let him hear | Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase **having ears** here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated a similar phrase in [11:15](../11/15.md). Alternate translation: “Let the one who is willing to listen, listen” or “The one who is willing to understand, let him understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1042 | MAT | 13 | 43 | sak5 | figs-123person | ὁ ἔχων ὦτα, ἀκουέτω | 1 | The one having ears, let him hear | Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this in [11:15](../11/15.md). Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 1043 | MAT | 13 | 44 | fjm1 | figs-parables | 0 | Connecting Statement: | In verses 44-46, Jesus describes the kingdom of heaven by telling two parables about people who sold their possessions to purchase something of great value. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) | |
| 1044 | MAT | 13 | 44 | e9cv | figs-metonymy | ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν | 1 | The kingdom of the heavens is like | Here, **kingdom of the heavens** refers to God’s rule as king. The phrase **kingdom of the heavens** is used only in Matthew. if possible, use **heavens** in your translation. See how you translated this in [13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate translation: “When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1045 | MAT | 13 | 44 | u9jq | figs-activepassive | ὁμοία ἐστὶν…θησαυρῷ κεκρυμμένῳ ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ | 1 | is like a treasure hidden in a field | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “is like a treasure that someone had hidden in a field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1046 | MAT | 13 | 44 | k9rh | θησαυρῷ | 1 | a treasure | A **treasure** is a very valuable and precious thing or collection of things. | |
| 1047 | MAT | 13 | 44 | hu7f | ἔκρυψεν | 1 | hid | Alternate translation: “covered it up” | |
| 1048 | MAT | 13 | 44 | jtv2 | figs-explicit | πωλεῖ πάντα ὅσα ἔχει, καὶ ἀγοράζει τὸν ἀγρὸν ἐκεῖνον | 1 | sells everything, as much as he has, and buys that field | The implied information is that the person **buys** the **field** to take possession of the hidden treasure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 1049 | MAT | 13 | 45 | c633 | figs-explicit | ὁμοία…ἀνθρώπῳ ἐμπόρῳ ζητοῦντι καλοὺς μαργαρίτας | 1 | like a man, a merchant, seeking fine pearls | The implied information is that the man was looking for valuable **pearls** that he could buy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 1050 | MAT | 13 | 45 | khy6 | ἀνθρώπῳ ἐμπόρῳ | 1 | a man, a merchant | A **merchant** is a trader or wholesale dealer who often obtains merchandise from distant places. | |
| 1051 | MAT | 13 | 45 | b88q | translate-unknown | καλοὺς μαργαρίτας | 1 | fine pearls | A pearl is a smooth, hard, shiny, white or light-colored bead formed inside mollusks in the sea and highly prized as a gem or to make into valuable jewelry. Alternate translation: “fine valuable” or “beautiful pearls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 1052 | MAT | 13 | 47 | vw24 | figs-parables | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Jesus describes the kingdom of heaven by telling a parable about fishermen who use a large net to catch fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) | |
| 1053 | MAT | 13 | 47 | g79n | figs-simile | ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν σαγήνῃ | 1 | the kingdom of the heavens is like a net | The **kingdom** is not like the **net**, but the **kingdom** draws all kinds of people like a **net** catches all kinds of fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 1054 | MAT | 13 | 47 | rjm4 | figs-metonymy | ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν | 1 | the kingdom of the heavens is like | Here, **kingdom of the heavens** refers to God’s rule as king. The phrase **kingdom of the heavens** is used only in Matthew. if possible, use **heavens** in your translation. See how you translated this in [13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate translation: “When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1055 | MAT | 13 | 47 | vrp4 | figs-activepassive | ὁμοία…σαγήνῃ βληθείσῃ εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν | 1 | like a net having been cast into the sea | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “like a net that some fishermen cast into the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1056 | MAT | 13 | 47 | kbz2 | βληθείσῃ εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν | 1 | having been cast into the sea | Alternate translation: “that was thrown into the sea” | |
| 1057 | MAT | 13 | 47 | t9v6 | ἐκ παντὸς γένους συναγαγούσῃ | 1 | having gathered from every kind | Alternate translation: “having caught all kinds of fish” | |
| 1058 | MAT | 13 | 48 | kf47 | ἀναβιβάσαντες ἐπὶ τὸν αἰγιαλὸν | 1 | they drew up on the beach | Alternate translation: “they pulled the net up onto the beach” or “they pulled the net ashore” | |
| 1059 | MAT | 13 | 48 | cnp7 | τὰ καλὰ | 1 | the good things | Alternate translation: “the good fish” | |
| 1060 | MAT | 13 | 48 | qi2z | τὰ…σαπρὰ | 2 | the worthless things | Alternate translation: “the bad fish” or “the inedible fish” | |
| 1061 | MAT | 13 | 48 | aqu2 | ἔξω ἔβαλον | 1 | they threw away | Alternate translation: “they did not keep” | |
| 1062 | MAT | 13 | 49 | q1ms | ἐξελεύσονται | 1 | will come | Alternate translation: “will come out” or “will go out” or “will come from heaven” | |
| 1063 | MAT | 13 | 49 | ah2k | figs-nominaladj | τοὺς πονηροὺς ἐκ μέσου τῶν δικαίων | 1 | the wicked from among the righteous | If your language does not use the nominal adjectives **wicked** and **righteous**, you can express them as adjectives. Alternate translation: “the wicked people from the righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 1064 | MAT | 13 | 50 | hwv1 | βαλοῦσιν αὐτοὺς | 1 | they will throw them | Alternate translation: “the angels will throw the wicked people” | |
| 1065 | MAT | 13 | 50 | j8nf | figs-metaphor | τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρός | 1 | the furnace of fire | This is a metaphor for the fires of hell. If the term **furnace** is not known, you can translate it as “oven.” See how you translated this in [13:42](../13/42.md). Alternate translation: “the fiery furnace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 1066 | MAT | 13 | 50 | mc8t | translate-symaction | ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων | 1 | weeping and grinding of teeth | Here, **grinding of teeth** is a symbolic act, representing extreme sadness and suffering. See how you translated this in [8:12](../08/12.md). Alternate translation: “weeping and expressing their extreme suffering.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
| 1067 | MAT | 13 | 51 | d3wg | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Jesus describes the kingdom of heaven by telling a parable about a person who manages a household. This is the end of the part of the story about Jesus teaching the crowds about the kingdom of heaven through using parables. | ||
| 1068 | MAT | 13 | 51 | p5ej | figs-quotations | συνήκατε ταῦτα πάντα? λέγουσιν αὐτῷ, ναί. | 1 | Have you understood all these things?” They say to him, “Yes.” | If necessary, both direct quotations can be translated as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “Jesus asked them if they had understood all this, and they said that they did understand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
| 1069 | MAT | 13 | 52 | g4dd | figs-metonymy | μαθητευθεὶς τῇ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν | 1 | who has been discipled for the kingdom of the heavens | Here, **kingdom of the heavens** refers to God’s rule as king. The phrase **kingdom of the heavens** is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep “heaven” in your translation. Alternate translation: “has learned the truth about our God in heaven, who is king” or “has submitted himself to God’s rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1070 | MAT | 13 | 52 | gr36 | figs-parables | ὅμοιός ἐστιν ἀνθρώπῳ οἰκοδεσπότῃ, ὅστις ἐκβάλλει ἐκ τοῦ θησαυροῦ αὐτοῦ καινὰ καὶ παλαιά | 1 | is like a man, an owner of a house, who draws out new things and old things from his treasure | Jesus speaks another parable. He compares scribes, who know very well the scriptures that Moses and the prophets wrote, and who also now accept Jesus’ teachings, to a **house** **owner** who uses both **old** and **new** treasures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) |
| 1071 | MAT | 13 | 52 | g59c | τοῦ θησαυροῦ αὐτοῦ | 1 | his treasure | A **treasure** is a very valuable and precious thing or a collection of things. Here it may refer to the place where these things are stored, the “treasury” or “storeroom.” | |
| 1072 | MAT | 13 | 53 | jwv2 | καὶ ἐγένετο ὅτε | 1 | And it happened that when | This phrase shifts the story from Jesus’ teachings to what happened next. Alternate translation: “And then” or “And after” | |
| 1073 | MAT | 13 | 54 | qnh9 | 0 | General Information: | This is the beginning of a new part of the story that runs through [17:27](../17/27.md), where Matthew tells of continued opposition to Jesus’ ministry and teaching about the kingdom of heaven. Here, the people of Jesus’ home town reject him. | ||
| 1074 | MAT | 13 | 54 | q3ml | figs-explicit | τὴν πατρίδα αὐτοῦ | 1 | his hometown | Here, **his hometown** refers to the town of Nazareth, where Jesus grew up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 1075 | MAT | 13 | 54 | j6vb | ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ αὐτῶν | 1 | in their synagogue | The pronoun **their** is referring to the people of the region. | |
| 1076 | MAT | 13 | 54 | it1f | ἐκπλήσσεσθαι αὐτοὺς | 1 | they were astonished | Alternate translation: “they were amazed” | |
| 1077 | MAT | 13 | 54 | b3d2 | figs-explicit | πόθεν τούτῳ ἡ σοφία αὕτη καὶ αἱ δυνάμεις? | 1 | From where to this one is this wisdom and these miracles? | The people believed that Jesus was just an ordinary man. Alternate translation: “How can an ordinary man like this be so wise and do such great miracles?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 1078 | MAT | 13 | 54 | etwp | figs-rquestion | πόθεν τούτῳ ἡ σοφία αὕτη καὶ αἱ δυνάμεις? | 1 | From where to this one is this wisdom and these miracles? | The people use this question to express their amazement that he was so wise and was able to do miracles. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is strange that he is able to speak with such wisdom and do these miracles!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 1079 | MAT | 13 | 55 | rk5e | figs-rquestion | οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τοῦ τέκτονος υἱός? οὐχ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ λέγεται Μαριὰμ, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ, Ἰάκωβος, καὶ Ἰωσὴφ, καὶ Σίμων, καὶ Ἰούδας? | 1 | Is not this the son of the carpenter? Is not his mother called Mary, and his brothers, James, and Joseph, and Simon, and Judas? | The crowd uses these questions to express their belief that they know who Jesus is and that he is just an ordinary man. If your readers would misunderstand these questions, you can express them as statements. Alternate translation: “He is just the son of a carpenter. We know his mother Mary, and his brothers James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 1080 | MAT | 13 | 55 | rpj9 | ὁ τοῦ τέκτονος υἱός | 1 | the son of the carpenter | A **carpenter** is someone who makes things with wood or stone. If **carpenter** is not known, “builder” can be used. | |
| 1081 | MAT | 13 | 56 | m9pn | figs-rquestion | αἱ ἀδελφαὶ αὐτοῦ οὐχὶ πᾶσαι πρὸς ἡμᾶς εἰσιν? | 1 | are not all his sisters with us? | The crowd uses this question to express their belief that they know who Jesus is and that he is just an ordinary man. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “all his sisters are with us, too.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 1082 | MAT | 13 | 56 | bnv1 | figs-rquestion | πόθεν οὖν τούτῳ ταῦτα πάντα? | 1 | From where therefore to this one are all these things? | The crowd uses this question to show their understanding that Jesus must have gotten his abilities from somewhere. They were probably expressing their doubt that he got his abilities from God. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “He must have gotten his ability to do these things from somewhere!” or “We do not know where he got these abilities!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 1083 | MAT | 13 | 56 | pqf1 | ταῦτα πάντα | 1 | all these things | Here, **all these things** refers to Jesus’ wisdom and ability to do miracles. | |
| 1084 | MAT | 13 | 57 | f5md | figs-activepassive | ἐσκανδαλίζοντο ἐν αὐτῷ | 1 | they were offended by him | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the people of Jesus’ hometown took offense at him” or “the people rejected Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1085 | MAT | 13 | 57 | azn4 | figs-doublenegatives | οὐκ ἔστιν προφήτης ἄτιμος | 1 | A prophet is not without honor | You can state this double-negative **not … without** in positive form. Alternate translation: “A prophet receives honor everywhere” or “People everywhere honor a prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 1086 | MAT | 13 | 57 | sq8j | τῇ πατρίδι | 1 | his hometown | Alternate translation: “his own region” | |
| 1087 | MAT | 13 | 57 | w4x8 | ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ αὐτοῦ | 1 | in his own family | Alternate translation: “in his own home” | |
| 1088 | MAT | 13 | 58 | e2cp | οὐκ ἐποίησεν ἐκεῖ δυνάμεις πολλὰς | 1 | he did not do many miracles there | Alternate translation: “Jesus did not do many miracles in his own hometown” | |
| 1089 | MAT | 14 | intro | g5mc | 0 | # Matthew 14 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Verses 1 and 2 continue the account from chapter 13. Verses 3-12 stop the account and speak of things that happened earlier, possibly soon after Satan tempted Jesus (see [4:12](../mat/04/12.md)). Verse 13 continues the account from verse 2. Be sure to have words in verses 3-12 that tell the reader that Matthew has stopped his account to give new information before he continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])<br><br>## Possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Passive voice<br><br>Many sentences in this chapter tell that a person had something happen to him without saying who caused that something to happen. For example, the writer does not tell who brought John’s head to Herodias’s daughter ([14:11](../mat/14/11.md)). You may have to translate the sentence so that it tells the reader who performed the action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |||
| 1090 | MAT | 14 | 1 | zl7x | figs-events | 0 | General Information: | These verses explain Herod’s reaction when he heard about Jesus. This event happens some time after the events that follow in the narrative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) | |
| 1091 | MAT | 14 | 1 | q8h5 | ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ καιρῷ | 1 | At that time | Alternate translation: “In those days” or “While Jesus was ministering in Galilee” | |
| 1092 | MAT | 14 | 2 | pd1b | εἶπεν | 1 | he said | Alternate translation: “Herod said” | |
| 1093 | MAT | 14 | 2 | nx7x | ἠγέρθη ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν | 1 | has been raised from the dead | The words **from the dead** speak of all dead people together in the underworld. To rise from the dead speaks of coming alive again. | |
| 1094 | MAT | 14 | 2 | vve7 | διὰ τοῦτο αἱ δυνάμεις ἐνεργοῦσιν ἐν αὐτῷ | 1 | because of this, miraculous powers are at work in him | Some Jews at that time believed if a person came back from the dead he would have **powers** to do mighty things. | |
| 1095 | MAT | 14 | 3 | zgp9 | figs-events | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Here the author begins to tell about how Herod had executed John the Baptist. These events occur some time before the event in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) | |
| 1096 | MAT | 14 | 3 | d3gp | figs-events | 0 | For John was saying to him, “It is not lawful for you to have her.” | If needed, you can present the events of 14:3-4 in the order that they happened, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) | |
| 1097 | MAT | 14 | 3 | h466 | figs-metonymy | ὁ γὰρ Ἡρῴδης κρατήσας τὸν Ἰωάννην, ἔδησεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐν φυλακῇ ἀπέθετο | 1 | For Herod, having arrested John, bound him, and put him in prison | It says that **Herod** did these things because he ordered others to do them for him. Alternate translation: “Herod ordered his soldiers to arrest and bind John the Baptist and put him in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1098 | MAT | 14 | 3 | lr92 | translate-names | τὴν γυναῖκα Φιλίππου | 1 | the wife of Philip | **Philip** was Herod’s brother. Herod had taken Philip’s wife to be his own **wife**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 1099 | MAT | 14 | 4 | n1t6 | figs-quotations | ἔλεγεν γὰρ αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰωάννης, οὐκ ἔξεστίν σοι ἔχειν αὐτήν. | 1 | For John was saying to him, “It is not lawful for you to have her.” | This direct quotation can be expressed as an indirect quote, if needed. Alternate translation: “For John had said to Herod that it was not lawful for Herod to have Herodias as his wife.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
| 1100 | MAT | 14 | 4 | r8lh | ἔλεγεν γὰρ αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰωάννης | 1 | For John was saying to him | Alternate translation: “For John had kept saying to Herod” | |
| 1101 | MAT | 14 | 4 | nb2j | figs-explicit | οὐκ ἔξεστίν | 1 | It is not lawful | Philip was still alive when Herod married Herodias. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 1102 | MAT | 14 | 5 | hg9f | ἐφοβήθη | 1 | he feared | Alternate translation: “Herod feared” | |
| 1103 | MAT | 14 | 5 | w7uv | αὐτὸν εἶχον | 1 | they regarded him | Alternate translation: “they regarded John” | |
| 1104 | MAT | 14 | 6 | fvs5 | figs-explicit | ἐν τῷ μέσῳ | 1 | in the midst | You can make explicit the implicit information. Alternate translation: “in the midst of the guests attending the birthday celebration” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 1105 | MAT | 14 | 8 | rhk5 | figs-activepassive | ἡ δὲ προβιβασθεῖσα ὑπὸ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτῆς | 1 | But having being urged beforehand by her mother | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “But after her mother instructed her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1106 | MAT | 14 | 8 | wi8s | ἡ δὲ προβιβασθεῖσα | 1 | But having being urged beforehand | Alternate translation: “But having been coached beforehand” | |
| 1107 | MAT | 14 | 8 | ya5z | φησίν | 1 | she said | Alternate translation: “the daughter of Herodias said to Herod” | |
| 1108 | MAT | 14 | 8 | ruy4 | πίνακι | 1 | a platter | A **platter** is a very large plate used for serving food. | |
| 1109 | MAT | 14 | 9 | s8zp | figs-activepassive | καὶ ἐλυπήθη ὁ βασιλεὺς | 1 | And the king, having been grieved | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “And although her request made the king very upset” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1110 | MAT | 14 | 9 | a1er | ὁ βασιλεὺς | 1 | The king | Alternate translation: “King Herod” | |
| 1111 | MAT | 14 | 9 | j6nu | figs-activepassive | ἐκέλευσεν δοθῆναι | 1 | commanded it to be granted to her | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “ordered his men to do what she said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1112 | MAT | 14 | 11 | nd5r | figs-activepassive | ἠνέχθη ἡ κεφαλὴ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ πίνακι, καὶ ἐδόθη τῷ κορασίῳ | 1 | his head was brought on a platter and given to the girl | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “someone brought his head on a platter and gave it to the girl” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1113 | MAT | 14 | 11 | pba6 | πίνακι | 1 | a platter | A **platter** is a very large plate used for serving food. See how you translated this in verse [8](../14/08.md). | |
| 1114 | MAT | 14 | 11 | lqb6 | τῷ κορασίῳ | 1 | to the girl | Translate **girl** with the word for a young, unmarried girl. | |
| 1115 | MAT | 14 | 12 | fl47 | οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ | 1 | his disciples | Alternate translation: “the disciples of John” | |
| 1116 | MAT | 14 | 12 | ni1q | τὸ πτῶμα | 1 | the corpse | Alternate translation: “the dead body” | |
| 1117 | MAT | 14 | 12 | mq89 | figs-explicit | ἐλθόντες, ἀπήγγειλαν τῷ Ἰησοῦ | 1 | having come, they reported it to Jesus | The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the disciples of John went and told Jesus what had happened to John the Baptist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 1118 | MAT | 14 | 13 | id97 | writing-background | 0 | General Information: | Verses 13-14 give background information about the miracle that Jesus is about to perform by feeding five thousand people in verses [15-21](..\\14\\15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) | |
| 1119 | MAT | 14 | 13 | ds5w | δὲ | 1 | Now | The word **Now** is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. | |
| 1120 | MAT | 14 | 13 | dvq4 | ἀκούσας | 1 | having heard this | Alternate translation: “having heard what happened to John” or “having heard the news about John” | |
| 1121 | MAT | 14 | 13 | ia39 | figs-explicit | ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀνεχώρησεν | 1 | Jesus withdrew | It is implied that Jesus’ disciples went with him. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 1122 | MAT | 14 | 13 | zlh8 | ἐκεῖθεν | 1 | from there | Alternate translation: “from that place” | |
| 1123 | MAT | 14 | 13 | i7uu | καὶ ἀκούσαντες, οἱ ὄχλοι | 1 | And having heard of it, the crowds | Alternate translation: “And when the crowds heard where Jesus had gone, they” or “And when the crowds heard that he had left, they” | |
| 1124 | MAT | 14 | 13 | u6nr | οἱ ὄχλοι | 1 | the crowds | Alternate translation: “the crowds of people” or “the huge group of people” or “the people” | |
| 1125 | MAT | 14 | 13 | ipm9 | figs-idiom | πεζῇ | 1 | on foot | Here, **on foot** means that the people in the crowd were walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 1126 | MAT | 14 | 14 | d8n3 | καὶ ἐξελθὼν | 1 | And having come out | Alternate translation: “And when Jesus came ashore” | |
| 1127 | MAT | 14 | 15 | gcu9 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | This begins the account of Jesus feeding five thousand people with only five small loaves of bread and two small fish. | ||
| 1128 | MAT | 14 | 15 | xa7n | προσῆλθον αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταὶ | 1 | the disciples came to him | Alternate translation: “Jesus’ disciples came to him” | |
| 1129 | MAT | 14 | 16 | qwk1 | οὐ χρείαν ἔχουσιν | 1 | They have no need | Alternate translation: “It is not necessary for the people in the crowd” | |
| 1130 | MAT | 14 | 16 | r5gd | figs-you | δότε αὐτοῖς ὑμεῖς | 1 | You give them | The word **You** is plural, referring to the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 1131 | MAT | 14 | 17 | tm5t | οἱ δὲ λέγουσιν αὐτῷ | 1 | But they say to him | Alternate translation: “But the disciples said to Jesus” | |
| 1132 | MAT | 14 | 17 | ih48 | πέντε ἄρτους | 1 | five loaves | A loaf of bread is a lump of dough that is shaped and baked. | |
| 1133 | MAT | 14 | 18 | szx6 | φέρετέ μοι ὧδε αὐτούς | 1 | Bring them here to me | Alternate translation: “Bring the loaves and fish to me” | |
| 1134 | MAT | 14 | 19 | vp7r | ἀνακλιθῆναι | 1 | to recline | Use the verb for the position people in your culture usually are in when they eat. Alternate translation: “lie down” or “sit down” | |
| 1135 | MAT | 14 | 19 | u613 | figs-idiom | λαβὼν | 1 | he took | This does not mean that he stole them. Alternate translation: “he held in his hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 1136 | MAT | 14 | 19 | i34u | κλάσας, ἔδωκεν…τοὺς ἄρτους | 1 | having broken it, he gave the loaves | Alternate translation: “after tearing the loaves into pieces, he gave them” | |
| 1137 | MAT | 14 | 19 | bf1a | τοὺς ἄρτους | 1 | the loaves | Alternate translation: “the pieces of the loaves of bread” | |
| 1138 | MAT | 14 | 19 | t7ei | ἀναβλέψας | 1 | Having looked up | This could refer to: (1) while they were looking up. (2) after they looked up. | |
| 1139 | MAT | 14 | 20 | l2h8 | figs-activepassive | καὶ ἐχορτάσθησαν | 1 | and were filled | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “until they were full” or “until they were no longer hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1140 | MAT | 14 | 20 | p73g | ἦραν | 1 | they took up | Alternate translation: “the disciples gathered up” or “some people gathered up” | |
| 1141 | MAT | 14 | 21 | wv59 | οἱ δὲ ἐσθίοντες | 1 | Now those eating | Alternate translation: “Now those who ate the bread and the fish” | |
| 1142 | MAT | 14 | 21 | als7 | translate-numbers | ἄνδρες…πεντακισχίλιοι | 1 | 5,000 men | Alternate translation: “five thousand men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 1143 | MAT | 14 | 22 | yp8l | 0 | General Information: | Verses 22-24 give background information about the miracle that Jesus is about to perform of walking on water. | ||
| 1144 | MAT | 14 | 22 | wt1t | καὶ εὐθέως ἠνάγκασεν | 1 | And immediately he made | Alternate translation: “And as soon as Jesus had finished feeding all the people, he made” | |
| 1145 | MAT | 14 | 23 | d27u | ὀψίας δὲ γενομένης | 1 | Now evening having come about | Alternate translation: “Now late in the evening” or “Now when it became dark” | |
| 1146 | MAT | 14 | 24 | vzd1 | ἦν βασανιζόμενον ὑπὸ τῶν κυμάτων | 1 | was being tossed about by the waves | Alternate translation: “and the disciples could not control the boat because of the large waves” | |
| 1147 | MAT | 14 | 25 | pmw8 | τετάρτῃ δὲ φυλακῇ τῆς νυκτὸς | 1 | Now in the fourth watch of the night | The fourth watch is between 3 AM and sunrise. Alternate translation: “Now just before dawn” | |
| 1148 | MAT | 14 | 25 | t1vp | περιπατῶν ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν | 1 | walking on the sea | Alternate translation: “walking on top of the water” | |
| 1149 | MAT | 14 | 26 | q9qs | ἐταράχθησαν | 1 | were greatly troubled | Alternate translation: “were very afraid” | |
| 1150 | MAT | 14 | 26 | h7df | φάντασμά | 1 | a ghost | The people of that time believes that a **ghost** was a spirit that has left the body of a person who had died. | |
| 1151 | MAT | 14 | 28 | w2pl | ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ αὐτῷ, ὁ Πέτρος εἶπεν | 1 | but answering him, Peter said | Alternate translation: “but Peter answered Jesus and said” | |
| 1152 | MAT | 14 | 30 | sk3j | figs-idiom | βλέπων…τὸν ἄνεμον ἰσχυρὸν | 1 | seeing the strong wind | Here, **seeing** the **wind** means he became aware of the wind. Alternate translation: “when Peter saw that the wind was tossing the waves back and forth” or “when he realized how strong the wind was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 1153 | MAT | 14 | 31 | bd2v | ὀλιγόπιστε, εἰς τί | 1 | You of little faith, why | Jesus addressed Peter this way because Peter became afraid. It can also be translated as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You have so little faith! Why” | |
| 1154 | MAT | 14 | 31 | ia1d | figs-explicit | εἰς τί ἐδίστασας? | 1 | why did you doubt? | You can make explicit what Peter doubted. Alternate translation: “why did you doubt that I could keep you from sinking?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 1155 | MAT | 14 | 31 | cr9i | figs-rquestion | εἰς τί ἐδίστασας | 1 | why did you doubt? | Jesus uses a question to tell Peter that he should not have doubted. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “you should not have doubted!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 1156 | MAT | 14 | 33 | u8pu | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | Θεοῦ Υἱὸς | 1 | the Son of God | **Son of God** is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 1157 | MAT | 14 | 34 | cv3f | καὶ διαπεράσαντες | 1 | And having crossed over | Alternate translation: “And when Jesus and his disciples had crossed over the lake” | |
| 1158 | MAT | 14 | 34 | x9nu | translate-names | Γεννησαρέτ | 1 | Gennesaret | **Gennesaret** is a small town on the northwest shore of the Sea of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 1159 | MAT | 14 | 35 | xd7c | ἀπέστειλαν | 1 | sent | Alternate translation: “sent messages” | |
| 1160 | MAT | 14 | 36 | ql3y | καὶ παρεκάλουν αὐτὸν | 1 | And they were begging him | Alternate translation: “And the sick people were begging him” | |
| 1161 | MAT | 14 | 36 | x8jv | τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ | 1 | of his garment | Alternate translation: “of his robe” or “of what he was wearing” | |
| 1162 | MAT | 14 | 36 | mw8n | figs-activepassive | διεσώθησαν | 1 | were healed | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “became well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1163 | MAT | 15 | intro | i9a5 | 0 | # Matthew 15 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:8-9, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The “traditions of the elders”<br><br>The “traditions of the elders” were oral laws that the Jewish religious leaders developed because they wanted to make sure that everyone obeyed the law of Moses. However, they often worked harder to obey these rules than to obey the law of Moses itself. Jesus rebuked the religious leaders for this, and they became angry as a result. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Jews and Gentiles<br><br>The Jews of Jesus’ time thought that only Jews could please God by the way they lived. Jesus healed a Canaanite Gentile woman’s daughter to show his followers that he would accept both Jews and Gentiles as his people.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Sheep<br><br>The Bible often speaks of people as if they were sheep because sheep need someone to take care of them. This is because they do not see well and they often go to where other animals can kill them easily. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |||
| 1164 | MAT | 15 | 1 | q6af | writing-newevent | 0 | General Information: | The scene shifts to events that occurred some time after events of the previous chapter. Here Jesus responds to the criticisms of the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) | |
| 1165 | MAT | 15 | 2 | j1b8 | figs-rquestion | διὰ τί οἱ μαθηταί σου παραβαίνουσιν τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων? | 1 | Why do your disciples violate the traditions of the elders? | The Pharisees and scribes use this question to criticize Jesus and his disciples. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your disciples do not respect the rules that our ancestors have given us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 1166 | MAT | 15 | 2 | yn6l | τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων | 1 | the traditions of the elders | These **traditions of the elders** are not the same as the law of Moses. This refers to later teachings and interpretations of the law given by religious leaders after Moses. | |
| 1167 | MAT | 15 | 2 | gfn6 | figs-explicit | οὐ…νίπτονται τὰς χεῖρας | 1 | they do not wash their hands | This washing is not only to clean hands. This refers to a ceremonial washing according to the tradition of the elders. Alternate translation: “they do not wash their hands properly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 1168 | MAT | 15 | 3 | ia1e | figs-rquestion | διὰ τί καὶ ὑμεῖς παραβαίνετε τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ διὰ τὴν παράδοσιν ὑμῶν? | 1 | Why do you also violate the commandment of God because of your traditions? | Jesus answers with a question to criticize what the religious leaders do. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “And I see that you refuse to obey God’s commands just so that you can follow what your ancestors taught you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 1169 | MAT | 15 | 4 | srz6 | 0 | General Information: | In verse 4, Jesus quotes twice from Exodus to show how God expects people to treat their parents. | ||
| 1170 | MAT | 15 | 4 | qmm7 | θανάτῳ τελευτάτω | 1 | let him die the death | Alternate translation: “the people must surely execute him” | |
| 1171 | MAT | 15 | 5 | ql75 | figs-you | ὑμεῖς | 1 | But you say | Here, **you** is plural and refers to the Pharisees and scribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 1172 | MAT | 15 | 6 | vr6y | figs-quotesinquotes | οὐ μὴ τιμήσει τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ | 1 | he will certainly not honor his father | The words beginning with “But you say” (verse 5) have a quotation within a quotation. If necessary you can translate them as indirect quotations. “But you teach that a person does not need to honor his parents by giving them something that may help them if the person tells his parents that he has already given it as a gift to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
| 1173 | MAT | 15 | 6 | q3kt | figs-explicit | οὐ μὴ τιμήσει τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ | 1 | he will certainly not honor his father | It is implied that **his father** means “his parents.” This means the religious leaders taught that a person does not need to show respect to his parents by taking care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 1174 | MAT | 15 | 6 | znt9 | ἠκυρώσατε τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | you have made void the word of God | Here, **word of God** refers specifically to his commands. Alternate translation: “you have treated the word of God as if it were invalid” or “you have ignored God’s commands” | |
| 1175 | MAT | 15 | 6 | yq5a | διὰ τὴν παράδοσιν ὑμῶν | 1 | because of your traditions | Alternate translation: “because you want to follow your traditions” | |
| 1176 | MAT | 15 | 7 | t4fq | 0 | General Information: | In verses 8 and 9, Jesus quotes the prophet Isaiah to rebuke the Pharisees and scribes. | ||
| 1177 | MAT | 15 | 7 | wv77 | καλῶς ἐπροφήτευσεν περὶ ὑμῶν Ἠσαΐας | 1 | Well did Isaiah prophesy about you | Alternate translation: “Isaiah told the truth in this prophecy about you” | |
| 1178 | MAT | 15 | 7 | n4ti | figs-explicit | λέγων | 1 | saying | It is implied that Isaiah is speaking what God told him. Alternate translation: “when he told what God said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 1179 | MAT | 15 | 8 | qw69 | figs-metonymy | ὁ λαὸς οὗτος τοῖς χείλεσίν με τιμᾷ | 1 | This people honors me with their lips | Here, **lips** refers to speaking. Alternate translation: “These people say all the right things to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1180 | MAT | 15 | 8 | bz91 | με…ἐμοῦ | 1 | me … me | Both occurrences of **me** refer to God. | |
| 1181 | MAT | 15 | 8 | wuw3 | figs-metonymy | ἡ δὲ καρδία αὐτῶν πόρρω ἀπέχει ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ | 1 | but their heart is far from me | Here, **heart** refers to a person’s thoughts or emotions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1182 | MAT | 15 | 8 | q7vm | figs-idiom | ἡ δὲ καρδία αὐτῶν πόρρω ἀπέχει ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ | 1 | but their heart is far away from me | This phrase is a way of saying the people are not truly devoted to God. Alternate translation: “but they do not really love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 1183 | MAT | 15 | 9 | jf93 | μάτην δὲ σέβονταί με | 1 | But they worship me in vain | Alternate translation: “But their worship means nothing to me” or “But they only pretend to worship me” | |
| 1184 | MAT | 15 | 9 | vvb9 | ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων | 1 | the commandments of men | Alternate translation: “the rules that people make up” | |
| 1185 | MAT | 15 | 11 | s28y | figs-metonymy | εἰσερχόμενον εἰς τὸ στόμα…ἐκπορευόμενον ἐκ τοῦ στόματος | 1 | enters into the mouth … what comes out of the mouth | Jesus is contrasting what a person eats to what a person says. Jesus means that God is concerned with what a person says rather than what a person eats. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1186 | MAT | 15 | 12 | l2uj | figs-activepassive | οἱ Φαρισαῖοι ἀκούσαντες τὸν λόγον ἐσκανδαλίσθησαν | 1 | the Pharisees, having heard this word, were offended | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “this statement made the Pharisees angry” or “this statement offended the Pharisees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1187 | MAT | 15 | 13 | n5ij | figs-metaphor | πᾶσα φυτεία ἣν οὐκ ἐφύτευσεν ὁ Πατήρ μου ὁ οὐράνιος ἐκριζωθήσεται | 1 | Every plant that my heavenly Father has not planted will be uprooted | Jesus speaks of the Pharisees as if they were worthless plants that his **Father** would uproot. This means the Pharisees do not actually belong to God, so God will remove them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 1188 | MAT | 15 | 13 | j49e | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | ὁ Πατήρ μου ὁ οὐράνιος | 1 | my heavenly Father | **Father** is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 1189 | MAT | 15 | 13 | hs4t | figs-activepassive | ἐκριζωθήσεται | 1 | will be uprooted | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “my Father will uproot” or “he will take out of the ground” or “he will remove” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1190 | MAT | 15 | 14 | r167 | ἄφετε αὐτούς | 1 | Let them go! | The word **them** refers to the Pharisees. | |
| 1191 | MAT | 15 | 14 | ai9x | figs-metaphor | ὁδηγοί εἰσιν τυφλοί τυφλὸς, δὲ τυφλὸν ἐὰν ὁδηγῇ, ἀμφότεροι εἰς βόθυνον πεσοῦνται | 1 | They are blind guides. But if the blind might guide the blind, both will fall into a pit | Jesus speaks of the Pharisees as if they were blind people trying to **guide** other **blind** people. Jesus means that the Pharisees do not understand God’s commands or how to please him. Therefore, they cannot teach others how to please God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 1192 | MAT | 15 | 15 | cje4 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Peter asks Jesus to explain the parable that Jesus told in verses[13-14](../15/13.md). | ||
| 1193 | MAT | 15 | 15 | shg6 | ἡμῖν | 1 | to us | Alternate translation: “to us disciples” | |
| 1194 | MAT | 15 | 16 | al9z | figs-rquestion | ἀκμὴν καὶ ὑμεῖς ἀσύνετοί ἐστε? | 1 | Are you also still without understanding? | Jesus uses a question to rebuke the disciples for not understanding the parable. Also, the word **you** is emphasized. Jesus cannot believe his own disciples do not understand. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am disappointed that you, my disciples, still do not understand what I teach!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 1195 | MAT | 15 | 17 | l5nt | figs-rquestion | οὔπω νοεῖτε ὅτι πᾶν τὸ εἰσπορευόμενον εἰς τὸ στόμα, εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν χωρεῖ, καὶ εἰς ἀφεδρῶνα ἐκβάλλεται? | 1 | Do you not yet understand that everything that enters into the mouth passes into the stomach and is passed out into the latrine? | Jesus uses a question to rebuke the disciples for not understanding the parable. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you that everything that enters into the mouth passes into the stomach and is passed out into the latrine.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 1196 | MAT | 15 | 17 | s833 | εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν χωρεῖ | 1 | passes into the stomach | Alternate translation: “goes into the stomach” | |
| 1197 | MAT | 15 | 17 | s9z6 | ἀφεδρῶνα | 1 | the latrine | A **latrine** a polite term for the place where people bury body waste. | |
| 1198 | MAT | 15 | 18 | ca1w | figs-metonymy | τὰ…ἐκπορευόμενα ἐκ τοῦ στόματος | 1 | the things that proceed out from the mouth | This phrase refers to what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words that a person says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1199 | MAT | 15 | 18 | x14k | figs-metonymy | ἐκ τῆς καρδίας | 1 | from the heart | Here, **heart** refers to a person’s mind or innermost being. Alternate translation: “from inside the person” or “from a person’s mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1200 | MAT | 15 | 19 | rg59 | φόνοι | 1 | murder | Murder is the act of killing innocent people. | |
| 1201 | MAT | 15 | 20 | bme7 | ἀνίπτοις χερσὶν φαγεῖν | 1 | to eat with unwashed hands | This refers to eating without first ceremonially washing one’s **hands** according to the traditions of the elders. Alternate translation: “eating without first washing one’s hands” | |
| 1202 | MAT | 15 | 21 | e5gv | 0 | General Information: | This begins an account of Jesus healing the daughter of a Canaanite woman. | ||
| 1203 | MAT | 15 | 21 | t81u | figs-explicit | ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀνεχώρησεν | 1 | Jesus withdrew | It is implied that the disciples went with Jesus. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples went away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 1204 | MAT | 15 | 22 | x1wm | ἰδοὺ, γυνὴ Χαναναία…ἐξελθοῦσα | 1 | behold, a Canaanite woman having come out | The word **behold** alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. Alternate translation: “Now there was a Canaanite woman who came” | |
| 1205 | MAT | 15 | 22 | jt94 | γυνὴ Χαναναία ἀπὸ τῶν ὁρίων ἐκείνων ἐξελθοῦσα, ἔκραζεν | 1 | a Canaanite woman having come out from that region, was crying out | The country of Canaan no longer existed by this time. This woman was a part of a people group that lived near the cities of Tyre and Sidon. Alternate translation: “a woman who was from that region and who belonged to the group of people called Canaanites came and cried out” | |
| 1206 | MAT | 15 | 22 | f4k2 | figs-explicit | ἐλέησόν με | 1 | Have mercy on me | This phrase implies that the woman is asking Jesus to heal her daughter. Alternate translation: “Have mercy and heal my daughter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 1207 | MAT | 15 | 22 | xs64 | Υἱὸς Δαυείδ | 1 | Son of David | Jesus was not David’s literal son, so this may be translated as “Descendant of David.” However, **Son of David** is also a title for the Messiah, and the woman may have been calling Jesus by this title. | |
| 1208 | MAT | 15 | 22 | j6rt | figs-activepassive | ἡ θυγάτηρ μου κακῶς δαιμονίζεται | 1 | My daughter is severely demon-possessed | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “A demon is controlling my daughter terribly” or “A demon is tormenting my daughter severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1209 | MAT | 15 | 23 | hd2i | figs-metonymy | οὐκ ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῇ λόγον | 1 | did not answer her a word | Here, **word** refers to what a person says. Alternate translation: “said nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1210 | MAT | 15 | 24 | t9ga | figs-activepassive | οὐκ ἀπεστάλην | 1 | I was not sent | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God did not send me to anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1211 | MAT | 15 | 24 | u9t4 | figs-metaphor | εἰς τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἀπολωλότα οἴκου Ἰσραήλ | 1 | to the lost sheep of the house of Israel | This is a metaphor comparing the entire nation of **Israel** to **sheep** who have gone away from their shepherd. See how you translated this in [10:6](../10/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 1212 | MAT | 15 | 25 | ch7c | ἡ | 1 | she | Alternate translation: “the Canaanite woman” | |
| 1213 | MAT | 15 | 25 | u3jj | translate-symaction | προσεκύνει αὐτῷ | 1 | bowed down to him | This action shows that the woman humbled herself before Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
| 1214 | MAT | 15 | 26 | ihz4 | writing-proverbs | οὐκ ἔστιν καλὸν λαβεῖν τὸν ἄρτον τῶν τέκνων καὶ βαλεῖν τοῖς κυναρίοις | 1 | It is not good to take the bread of the children and to throw it to the little dogs | Jesus responds to the woman with a proverb. The basic meaning is that it is not right to take what is supposed to belong to Jews and give it to non-Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) |
| 1215 | MAT | 15 | 26 | a5bc | figs-synecdoche | τὸν ἄρτον τῶν τέκνων | 1 | the bread of the children | Here, **bread** refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “the children’s food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 1216 | MAT | 15 | 26 | fe7n | τοῖς κυναρίοις | 1 | to the little dogs | The Jews considered **dogs** to be unclean animals. Here they are used as an image for non-Jews. | |
| 1217 | MAT | 15 | 27 | yvw1 | figs-metaphor | καὶ…τὰ κυνάρια ἐσθίει ἀπὸ τῶν ψιχίων τῶν πιπτόντων ἀπὸ τῆς τραπέζης τῶν κυρίων αὐτῶν | 1 | even the little dogs eat from the crumbs that fall from the tables of their masters | The woman responds by using the same imagery as Jesus used in the proverb he just spoke. She means non-Jews should be able to have a small amount of the good things Jews are throwing away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 1218 | MAT | 15 | 27 | i5tt | τὰ κυνάρια | 1 | the little dogs | Use words here for **dogs** of any size that people keep as pets. See how you translated this in [15:26](../15/26.md). | |
| 1219 | MAT | 15 | 28 | tea2 | figs-activepassive | γενηθήτω | 1 | let it be done | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “I will do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1220 | MAT | 15 | 28 | n229 | figs-activepassive | ἰάθη ἡ θυγάτηρ αὐτῆς | 1 | her daughter was healed | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Jesus healed her daughter” or “her daughter became well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1221 | MAT | 15 | 28 | wwq3 | figs-idiom | ἀπὸ τῆς ὥρας ἐκείνης | 1 | from that hour | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “at exactly the same time” or “immediately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 1222 | MAT | 15 | 29 | np6e | writing-background | 0 | General Information: | Verses 29-31 give background information about the miracle that Jesus is about to perform by feeding four thousand people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) | |
| 1223 | MAT | 15 | 30 | c8td | χωλούς, τυφλούς, κυλλούς, κωφούς | 1 | the lame, the blind, the crippled, the mute | Alternate translation: “those who could not walk, those who could not see, those whose arms or legs did not function, those who could not talk” | |
| 1224 | MAT | 15 | 30 | yf7i | ἔρριψαν αὐτοὺς παρὰ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ | 1 | they laid them at his feet | Apparently some of these sick or crippled people were unable to stand up, so when their friends brought them to Jesus, they placed them on the ground in front of him. Alternate translation: “the crowds placed the sick people on the ground in front of Jesus” | |
| 1225 | MAT | 15 | 31 | pi52 | figs-activepassive | κυλλοὺς ὑγιεῖς | 1 | the crippled made well | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the crippled become well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1226 | MAT | 15 | 31 | be52 | figs-nominaladj | κυλλοὺς…χωλοὺς…τυφλοὺς | 1 | the crippled … the lame … the blind | If your readers would misunderstand these nominal adjectives, you could express them as adjectives. Alternate translation: “people who were crippled … people who were lame … people who were blind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 1227 | MAT | 15 | 32 | z28i | 0 | Connecting Statement: | This begins the account of Jesus feeding 4,000 people with seven loaves of bread and a few small fish. | ||
| 1228 | MAT | 15 | 32 | efc2 | νήστεις…μήποτε ἐκλυθῶσιν ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ | 1 | hungry, lest they may faint on the way | Alternate translation: “without eating because they might faint on the way” | |
| 1229 | MAT | 15 | 33 | uhi3 | figs-rquestion | πόθεν ἡμῖν ἐν ἐρημίᾳ, ἄρτοι τοσοῦτοι ὥστε χορτάσαι ὄχλον τοσοῦτον? | 1 | From where would be to us in a wilderness enough bread to satisfy so large a crowd? | The disciples use a question to state that there is nowhere to get food for the **crowd**. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is nowhere in this wilderness where we can get enough bread for such a large crowd.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 1230 | MAT | 15 | 34 | k86l | figs-ellipsis | ἑπτά, καὶ ὀλίγα ἰχθύδια | 1 | Seven, and a few small fish | The understood information can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Seven loaves of bread, and a few small fish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 1231 | MAT | 15 | 35 | x13q | ἀναπεσεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν | 1 | to recline on the ground | Use your language’s word for how people customarily eat when there is no table, whether sitting or lying down. | |
| 1232 | MAT | 15 | 36 | x7kc | ἔλαβεν τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἄρτους καὶ τοὺς ἰχθύας | 1 | he took the seven loaves and the fish | Alternate translation: “Jesus held the seven loaves and the fish in his hands” | |
| 1233 | MAT | 15 | 36 | dcr4 | ἔκλασεν | 1 | he broke them | Alternate translation: “he broke the loaves” | |
| 1234 | MAT | 15 | 36 | a9s4 | ἐδίδου | 1 | was giving them | Alternate translation: “continued giving the bread and the fish” | |
| 1235 | MAT | 15 | 37 | fc8g | ἦραν | 1 | they took away | Alternate translation: “the disciples gathered up” or “some people gathered up” | |
| 1236 | MAT | 15 | 38 | udk7 | οἱ…ἐσθίοντες | 1 | those eating | Alternate translation: “the people who ate” | |
| 1237 | MAT | 15 | 38 | z66m | translate-numbers | τετρακισχίλιοι ἄνδρες | 1 | 4,000 men | Alternate translation: “four thousand men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 1238 | MAT | 15 | 39 | be43 | τὰ ὅρια | 1 | the region | Alternate translation: “the area” | |
| 1239 | MAT | 15 | 39 | m8dp | translate-names | Μαγαδάν | 1 | of Magadan | This region is sometimes called “Magdala.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 1240 | MAT | 16 | intro | za2k | 0 | # Matthew 16 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yeast<br><br>Jesus spoke of the way people thought about God as if it were bread, and he spoke of what people taught about God as if it were the yeast that makes bread dough become larger and the baked bread taste good. He did not want his followers to listen to what the Pharisees and Sadducees taught. This was because if they did listen, they would not understand who God is and how he wants his people to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Jesus told his people to obey his commands. He did this by telling them to “follow” him. It is as if he were walking on a path and they were walking after him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Background information<br><br>Matthew continues his account from chapter 15 in verses 1-20. The account stops in verse 21 so Matthew can tell the reader that Jesus told his disciples again and again that people would kill him after he arrived in Jerusalem. Then the account continues in verses 22-27 with what happened the first time Jesus told the disciples that he would die.<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Jesus uses a paradox when he says, “Whoever wants to save his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it” ([Matthew 16:25](../mat/16/25.md)). | |||
| 1241 | MAT | 16 | 1 | t7p5 | πειράζοντες | 1 | testing him | Here, **testing** is used in a negative sense. Alternate translation: “challenging him” or “wanting to trap him” | |
| 1242 | MAT | 16 | 4 | jl3e | figs-123person | γενεὰ πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλὶς | 1 | An evil and adulterous generation | Jesus is speaking to his present **generation**. Alternate translation: “You are an evil and adulterous generation” See how you translated this in [12:39](../12/39.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 1243 | MAT | 16 | 4 | fhx6 | figs-metaphor | γενεὰ πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλὶς | 1 | An evil and adulterous generation | Here, **adulterous** is a metaphor for people who are not faithful to God. See how you translated this in [12:39](../12/39.md). Alternate translation: “An unfaithful generation” or “A godless generation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 1244 | MAT | 16 | 4 | d9eq | figs-activepassive | σημεῖον…οὐ δοθήσεται αὐτῇ | 2 | a sign will not be given to it | Jesus would not give them **a sign** because, though he had already performed many miracles, they refused to believe him. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. See how you translated this in [12:39](../12/39.md). Alternate translation: “I will not give it a sign” or “God will not give you a sign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1245 | MAT | 16 | 4 | dep2 | εἰ μὴ τὸ σημεῖον Ἰωνᾶ | 1 | except the sign of Jonah | See how you translated this in [12:39](../12/39.md). Alternate translation: “except the same sign God gave to Jonah the prophet” | |
| 1246 | MAT | 16 | 5 | ii6j | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Here the scene shifts to a later time. Jesus uses an opportunity to warn his disciples about the Pharisees and Sadducees. | ||
| 1247 | MAT | 16 | 5 | si9k | figs-ellipsis | τὸ πέραν | 1 | the other side | You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “the other side of the lake” or “the other side of the Sea of Galilee” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 1248 | MAT | 16 | 6 | hfz2 | figs-metaphor | τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων | 1 | the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees | Here, **yeast** is a metaphor that refers to evil ideas and wrong teaching. Translate as **yeast** here and do not explain its meaning in your translation. This meaning will be made clear in 16:12. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 1249 | MAT | 16 | 7 | huw7 | διελογίζοντο ἐν ἑαυτοῖς | 1 | were reasoning among themselves | Alternate translation: “were discussing this with each other” or “were thinking about this” | |
| 1250 | MAT | 16 | 8 | mg8s | ὀλιγόπιστοι | 1 | You of little faith | Jesus addresses his disciples this way because their concern about not bringing bread shows they have **little faith** in Jesus to provide for them. See how you translated this in [6:30](../06/30.md). Alternate translation: “You who have such little faith” | |
| 1251 | MAT | 16 | 8 | zz4i | figs-rquestion | τί διαλογίζεσθε ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, ὀλιγόπιστοι, ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἔχετε? | 1 | why do you reason among yourselves that it is because you do not have bread? | Jesus uses this question to rebuke his disciples for not understanding what he just said. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am disappointed that you think it was because you forgot to bring bread that I talked about the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 1252 | MAT | 16 | 9 | h5bg | figs-rquestion | οὔπω νοεῖτε, οὐδὲ μνημονεύετε τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους τῶν πεντακισχιλίων, καὶ πόσους κοφίνους ἐλάβετε? | 1 | Do you not yet perceive nor remember the five loaves of the 5,000, and how many baskets you gathered up? | Jesus uses a question to rebuke the disciples. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you remember the five loaves of the 5,000, and how many baskets you gathered up!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 1253 | MAT | 16 | 9 | ux51 | translate-numbers | τῶν πεντακισχιλίων | 1 | of the 5,000 | Alternate translation: “of the five thousand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 1254 | MAT | 16 | 10 | ejm5 | figs-rquestion | οὐδὲ τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἄρτους τῶν τετρακισχιλίων, καὶ πόσας σπυρίδας ἐλάβετε? | 1 | Or the seven loaves of the 4,000, and how many baskets you took up? | Jesus uses a question to rebuke his disciples. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you also remember the seven loaves of the 4,000, and how many baskets you took up!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 1255 | MAT | 16 | 10 | b11x | translate-numbers | τῶν τετρακισχιλίων | 1 | of the 4,000 | Alternate translation: “of the four thousand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 1256 | MAT | 16 | 11 | mb2z | figs-rquestion | πῶς οὐ νοεῖτε, ὅτι οὐ περὶ ἄρτων εἶπον ὑμῖν? | 1 | How do you not understand that I did not speak to you about bread? | Jesus uses this question to rebuke the disciples. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have understood that I was not really speaking about bread.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 1257 | MAT | 16 | 11 | i7x6 | figs-metaphor | τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων | 1 | the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees | Here, **yeast** represents evil ideas and wrong teaching. Translate as “yeast” and do not explain the meaning in your translation. In 16:12 the disciples will understand the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 1258 | MAT | 16 | 12 | f73l | συνῆκαν | 1 | they understood | Here, **they** refer to the disciples. | |
| 1259 | MAT | 16 | 13 | e5cm | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Here the scene shifts to a later time. Jesus asks his disciples if they understand who he is. | ||
| 1260 | MAT | 16 | 13 | pye3 | δὲ | 1 | Now | **Now** is used here to mark a break in the main story line or to introduce a new person. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. | |
| 1261 | MAT | 16 | 13 | e1jh | figs-123person | τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου | 1 | the Son of Man | Jesus is referring to himself as the **Son of Man**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 1262 | MAT | 16 | 16 | n5wi | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος | 1 | the Son of the living God | **Son** is an important title for Jesus that shows his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 1263 | MAT | 16 | 16 | r1h7 | τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος | 1 | of the living God | Here, **living** contrasts the God of Israel to all the false gods and idols that people worshiped. Only the God of Israel is alive and has power to act. | |
| 1264 | MAT | 16 | 17 | le6a | translate-names | Σίμων Βαριωνᾶ | 1 | Simon Bar Jonah | Alternate translation: “Simon son of Jonah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 1265 | MAT | 16 | 17 | dfw5 | figs-synecdoche | σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα οὐκ ἀπεκάλυψέν | 1 | flesh and blood did not reveal this | Here, **flesh and blood** refers to a human being. Alternate translation: “a human did not reveal this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 1266 | MAT | 16 | 17 | wix3 | οὐκ ἀπεκάλυψέν | 1 | did not reveal this | Here, **this** refers to Peter’s statement that Jesus is the Christ and the Son of the Living God. | |
| 1267 | MAT | 16 | 17 | v5lw | figs-ellipsis | ἀλλ’ ὁ Πατήρ μου, ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς | 1 | but my Father who is in the heavens | You can make the understood information explicit. Alternate translation: “but it was my Father in the heavens who revealed this to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 1268 | MAT | 16 | 17 | gi3l | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | ὁ Πατήρ μου | 1 | my Father | **Father** is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 1269 | MAT | 16 | 18 | z897 | κἀγὼ δέ σοι λέγω | 1 | And I also say to you | This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. | |
| 1270 | MAT | 16 | 18 | th3d | figs-explicit | σὺ εἶ Πέτρος | 1 | you are Peter | The name **Peter** means “rock.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 1271 | MAT | 16 | 18 | x43d | figs-metaphor | ἐπὶ ταύτῃ τῇ πέτρᾳ οἰκοδομήσω μου τὴν ἐκκλησίαν | 1 | upon this rock I will build my church | Here, **build my church** is a metaphor for uniting the people who believe in Jesus into a community. The phrase **this rock** could represent: (1) Peter. (2) the truth that Peter had just said in [16:16](../16/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 1272 | MAT | 16 | 18 | vu9u | figs-metonymy | πύλαι ᾍδου οὐ κατισχύσουσιν αὐτῆς | 1 | the gates of Hades will not prevail against it | Here, **Hades** represents death, and its **gates** represent its power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1273 | MAT | 16 | 18 | l6o0 | figs-metaphor | πύλαι ᾍδου οὐ κατισχύσουσιν αὐτῆς | 1 | the gates of Hades will not prevail against it | Here, **Hades** is spoken of as if it were a city surrounded by walls with gates that keep dead people in and other people out. This could mean: (1) Jesus is saying the powers of death will not overcome his church. (2) Jesus is saying his church will break down the power of death the way an army breaks into a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 1274 | MAT | 16 | 19 | ysk8 | figs-you | δώσω σοι | 1 | I will give to you | Here, **you** is singular and refers to Peter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 1275 | MAT | 16 | 19 | pp5d | figs-metaphor | τὰς κλεῖδας τῆς Βασιλείας τῶν Οὐρανῶν | 1 | the keys of the kingdom of the heavens | Keys are objects that are used to lock or unlock doors. Here they represent authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 1276 | MAT | 16 | 19 | kc3k | figs-metonymy | τῆς Βασιλείας τῶν Οὐρανῶν | 1 | the kingdom of the heavens | This refers to God’s rule as king. The phrase **kingdom of the heavens** is used only in the book of Matthew. if possible, use **heavens** in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1277 | MAT | 16 | 19 | ef9c | figs-metaphor | ὃ ἐὰν δήσῃς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται δεδεμένον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς; καὶ ὃ ἐὰν λύσῃς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται λελυμένον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς | 1 | whatever you may have bound on the earth will be bound in the heavens, and whatever you may have loosed on the earth will be loosed in the heavens | Here, **bound** is a metaphor meaning to forbid something, and **loosed** is a metaphor meaning to allow something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 1278 | MAT | 16 | 19 | dy4p | figs-metonymy | ὃ ἐὰν δήσῃς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται δεδεμένον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς; καὶ ὃ ἐὰν λύσῃς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται λελυμένον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς | 1 | whatever you may have bound on the earth will be bound in the heavens, and whatever you may have loosed on the earth will be loosed in the heavens | Here, **in the heavens** is a metonym that represents God himself. Alternate translation: “God in heaven will approve whatever you forbid or allow on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1279 | MAT | 16 | 21 | wl33 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Jesus tells his disciples for the first time that he will die soon. | ||
| 1280 | MAT | 16 | 21 | es1l | figs-idiom | γραμματέων, καὶ ἀποκτανθῆναι καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐγερθῆναι | 1 | scribes, and to be killed, and to be raised on the third day | Here, **to be raised** is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 1281 | MAT | 16 | 21 | r5hj | figs-activepassive | γραμματέων, καὶ ἀποκτανθῆναι καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐγερθῆναι | 1 | scribes, and to be killed, and to be raised on the third day | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. The elders and chief priests would accuse Jesus so that others would kill him. Alternate translation: “scribes. People will then kill him, and on the third day God will make him become alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1282 | MAT | 16 | 21 | jjx5 | translate-ordinal | τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ | 1 | on the third day | The word **third** is the ordinal form of “three.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) |
| 1283 | MAT | 16 | 22 | jie2 | writing-background | καὶ προσλαβόμενος αὐτὸν, ὁ Πέτρος | 1 | And having taken him aside, Peter | Jesus tells them for the first time that he will die soon in verse [21](../16/21.md). He will tell them the same thing many times after this first time. It is after this first time that **Peter** takes Jesus **aside**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
| 1284 | MAT | 16 | 22 | q31h | προσλαβόμενος αὐτὸν, ὁ Πέτρος | 1 | having taken him aside, Peter | Alternate translation: “Peter spoke to Jesus when no one else could hear them and” | |
| 1285 | MAT | 16 | 22 | guz8 | figs-idiom | ἵλεώς σοι | 1 | Merciful to you | This is an idiom that means “May God be merciful to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 1286 | MAT | 16 | 23 | f28i | figs-metaphor | ὕπαγε ὀπίσω μου, Σατανᾶ! σκάνδαλον εἶ ἐμοῦ | 1 | Get behind me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to me | Jesus means that Peter is acting like **Satan** because Peter is trying to prevent Jesus from accomplishing what God sent him to do. Alternate translation: “Get behind me, because you are acting like Satan! You are a stumbling block to me” or “Get behind me, Satan! I call you Satan because you are a stumbling block to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 1287 | MAT | 16 | 23 | ax7x | ὕπαγε ὀπίσω μου | 1 | Get behind me | Alternate translation: “Get away from me” | |
| 1288 | MAT | 16 | 24 | ck1a | figs-metaphor | ὀπίσω μου ἐλθεῖν | 1 | to come after me | To **come after** Jesus here represents being one of his disciples. Alternate translation: “be my disciple” or “be one of my disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 1289 | MAT | 16 | 24 | pg9h | ἀπαρνησάσθω ἑαυτὸν | 1 | let him deny himself | Alternate translation: “he must not give in to his own desires” or “he must forsake his own desires” | |
| 1290 | MAT | 16 | 24 | h7ug | figs-metaphor | ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀκολουθείτω μοι | 1 | take up his cross, and follow me | To **take up** a **cross** represents being willing to suffer and die. Alternate translation: “obey me even to the point of suffering and dying” or “he must obey me even to the point of suffering and dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 1291 | MAT | 16 | 24 | v6n7 | figs-metonymy | ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀκολουθείτω μοι | 1 | take up his cross, and follow me | The **cross** represents suffering and death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1292 | MAT | 16 | 24 | x13v | figs-metaphor | καὶ ἀκολουθείτω μοι | 1 | and follow me | To **follow** Jesus here represents obeying him. Alternate translation: “and obey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 1293 | MAT | 16 | 25 | y9kc | figs-metaphor | ἀπολέσει αὐτήν | 1 | will lose it | This does not mean the person must necessarily die. It is a metaphor that means the person who considers his own life as being more important than obeying Jesus will not attain spiritual life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 1294 | MAT | 16 | 25 | ie7t | ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ | 1 | for my sake | Alternate translation: “because he trusts me” or “on my account” or “because of me” | |
| 1295 | MAT | 16 | 25 | xz98 | figs-metaphor | εὑρήσει αὐτήν | 1 | will find it | This metaphor means the person will experience spiritual life with God. Alternate translation: “will find true life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 1296 | MAT | 16 | 26 | eqe8 | figs-rquestion | τί γὰρ ὠφεληθήσεται ἄνθρωπος, ἐὰν τὸν κόσμον ὅλον κερδήσῃ, τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ζημιωθῇ? | 1 | For what will it profit a man if he would have gained the whole world but would have forfeited his life? | Jesus uses a question to teach his disciples. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It does not profit a man to gain the whole world if he forfeits his life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 1297 | MAT | 16 | 26 | q7x1 | figs-hyperbole | ἐὰν τὸν κόσμον ὅλον κερδήσῃ | 1 | if he would have gained the whole world | The words **the whole world** are an exaggeration for great riches. Alternate translation: “if he would gain everything he desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 1298 | MAT | 16 | 26 | b34q | τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ζημιωθῇ | 1 | but would have forfeited his life | Alternate translation: “but he would lose his life” | |
| 1299 | MAT | 16 | 26 | eck5 | figs-rquestion | ἢ τί δώσει ἄνθρωπος ἀντάλλαγμα τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ? | 1 | Or what will a man give in exchange for his life? | Jesus uses a question to teach his disciples. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is nothing that a person can give to regain his life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 1300 | MAT | 16 | 27 | iyu1 | figs-123person | μέλλει…ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου…αὐτοῦ…ἀποδώσει | 1 | the Son of Man is about … his … he will repay | Here Jesus refers to himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of man, am about … my … I will repay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 1301 | MAT | 16 | 27 | ie16 | μέλλει…ἔρχεσθαι ἐν τῇ δόξῃ τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτοῦ | 1 | is about to come in the glory of his Father | Alternate translation: “will come, having the same glory as his Father,” | |
| 1302 | MAT | 16 | 27 | k4q4 | figs-123person | μετὰ τῶν ἀγγέλων αὐτοῦ | 1 | with his angels | If you translate the first part of the sentence with Jesus speaking in the first person, you can translate this as “and my Father’s angels will be with me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 1303 | MAT | 16 | 27 | vk5y | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτοῦ | 1 | of his Father | **Father** is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and the Son of Man, Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 1304 | MAT | 16 | 27 | i7rs | κατὰ τὴν πρᾶξιν αὐτοῦ | 1 | according to his actions | Alternate translation: “according to what each person has done” | |
| 1305 | MAT | 16 | 28 | ytr3 | ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν | 1 | Truly I say to you | This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. Alternate translation: “I tell you the truth” | |
| 1306 | MAT | 16 | 28 | k2d1 | figs-you | ὑμῖν | 1 | to you | Here, **you** is plural and refers to the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 1307 | MAT | 16 | 28 | wq13 | figs-idiom | οὐ μὴ γεύσωνται θανάτου | 1 | may certainly not have tasted death | Here, **tasted** means to experience. Alternate translation: “will not have experienced death” or “will still be alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 1308 | MAT | 16 | 28 | b2pb | figs-metonymy | ἕως ἂν ἴδωσιν τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ἐρχόμενον ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ | 1 | until they may see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom | Here, **his kingdom** represents him being King. Alternate translation: “until they see the Son of Man coming as King” or “until they see the evidence that the Son of Man is King” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1309 | MAT | 17 | intro | yb4k | 0 | # Matthew 17 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Elijah<br><br>The Old Testament prophet Malachi lived many years before Jesus was born. Malachi had said that before the Messiah came a prophet named Elijah would return. Jesus explained that Malachi had been talking about John the Baptist. Jesus said this because John the Baptist had done what Malachi had said that Elijah would do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br><br>### “transfigured”<br><br>Scripture often speaks of God’s glory as a great, brilliant light. When people see this light, they are afraid. Matthew says in this chapter that Jesus’ body shone with this glorious light so that his followers could see that Jesus truly was God’s Son. At the same time, God told them that Jesus was his Son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) | |||
| 1310 | MAT | 17 | 1 | u6dw | 0 | General Information: | This begins the account of Jesus’ transfiguration. | ||
| 1311 | MAT | 17 | 1 | nva7 | τὸν Πέτρον, καὶ Ἰάκωβον, καὶ Ἰωάννην, τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ | 1 | Peter, James, and John his brother | Alternate translation: “Peter, James, and James’s brother John” | |
| 1312 | MAT | 17 | 2 | xx8e | μετεμορφώθη ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν | 1 | he was transfigured before them | When they looked at him, his appearance was different from what it had been. | |
| 1313 | MAT | 17 | 2 | kq4l | figs-activepassive | μετεμορφώθη | 1 | he was transfigured | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “his appearance had changed” or “he appeared very different” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1314 | MAT | 17 | 2 | uxg3 | ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν | 1 | before them | Alternate translation: “in front of them” or “so they could clearly him” | |
| 1315 | MAT | 17 | 2 | i1mp | figs-simile | ἔλαμψεν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ὡς ὁ ἥλιος, τὰ δὲ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο λευκὰ ὡς τὸ φῶς | 1 | his face shone like the sun, and his garments became brilliant as the light | These are similes that emphasize how bright Jesus’ appearance became. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 1316 | MAT | 17 | 2 | te1s | τὰ…ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ | 1 | his garments | Alternate translation: “what he was wearing” | |
| 1317 | MAT | 17 | 3 | axr5 | ἰδοὺ | 1 | behold | The word **behold** alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. | |
| 1318 | MAT | 17 | 3 | n63y | αὐτοῖς | 1 | to them | Here, **them** refers to Peter, James, and John. | |
| 1319 | MAT | 17 | 3 | sde3 | μετ’ αὐτοῦ | 1 | with him | Alternate translation: “with Jesus” | |
| 1320 | MAT | 17 | 4 | r41c | ἀποκριθεὶς…ὁ Πέτρος εἶπεν | 1 | answering, Peter said | Peter is not responding to a question. Alternate translation: “Peter said” | |
| 1321 | MAT | 17 | 4 | d231 | figs-exclusive | καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι | 1 | it is good for us to be here | It is not clear whether **us** refers only to Peter, James, and John, or if it refers to everyone there, including Jesus, Elijah, and Moses. If you can translate so that both options are possible, do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 1322 | MAT | 17 | 5 | cek4 | ἰδοὺ | 1 | behold | The word **behold** alerts the reader to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. | |
| 1323 | MAT | 17 | 5 | an8j | ἐπεσκίασεν αὐτούς | 1 | overshadowed them | Alternate translation: “came over them” | |
| 1324 | MAT | 17 | 5 | kc8t | figs-metonymy | φωνὴ ἐκ τῆς νεφέλης | 1 | there was a voice from the cloud | Here, **voice** refers to God speaking. Alternate translation: “God spoke to them from the cloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1325 | MAT | 17 | 6 | wd76 | καὶ ἀκούσαντες, οἱ μαθηταὶ | 1 | And having heard that, the disciples | Alternate translation: “And when the disciples heard God speak, they” | |
| 1326 | MAT | 17 | 6 | a87e | figs-idiom | ἔπεσαν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον αὐτῶν | 1 | fell on their face | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “fell forward, with their faces to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 1327 | MAT | 17 | 9 | jz51 | καὶ καταβαινόντων αὐτῶν | 1 | As they were coming down | Alternate translation: “And as Jesus and the disciples were coming down” | |
| 1328 | MAT | 17 | 9 | y9rq | figs-123person | ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου | 1 | the Son of Man | Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 1329 | MAT | 17 | 10 | nwt5 | figs-explicit | τί οὖν οἱ γραμματεῖς λέγουσιν ὅτι Ἠλείαν δεῖ ἐλθεῖν πρῶτον? | 1 | The disciples are referring to the belief that **Elijah** will come back to life and return to the people of Israel before the Messiah comes. Alternate translation: “Why then do the scribes say that it is necessary for Elijah to come first?” | (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 1330 | MAT | 17 | 11 | xbs2 | ἀποκαταστήσει πάντα | 1 | will restore all things | Alternate translation: “will put things in order” or “will get the people ready to receive the Messiah” | |
| 1331 | MAT | 17 | 12 | whp9 | λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν | 1 | But I say to you | This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. | |
| 1332 | MAT | 17 | 12 | a4h7 | ἐποίησαν…αὐτῶν | 1 | they did … them | Here, **they** and **them** could refer to: (1) the Jewish leaders. (2) all the Jewish people. | |
| 1333 | MAT | 17 | 12 | i74i | figs-123person | ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου | 1 | the Son of Man | Jesus is referring to himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 1334 | MAT | 17 | 14 | t687 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | This begins an account of Jesus healing a boy who had an evil spirit. These events happen immediately after Jesus and his disciples descend from the mountain. | ||
| 1335 | MAT | 17 | 15 | ufb4 | figs-explicit | ἐλέησόν μου τὸν υἱόν | 1 | have mercy on my son | It is implied that the man wants Jesus to heal his son. You can state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “have mercy on my son and heal him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 1336 | MAT | 17 | 15 | hs55 | σεληνιάζεται | 1 | he is epileptic | The phrase **he is epileptic** means that he sometimes had seizures. He would become unconscious and move uncontrollably. Alternate translation: “he has seizures” | |
| 1337 | MAT | 17 | 17 | lyu5 | ὦ γενεὰ ἄπιστος καὶ διεστραμμένη, ἕως πότε | 1 | O unbelieving and perverse generation, how long | Alternate translation: “O you generation that does not believe in God and does not know what is right or wrong. How long” | |
| 1338 | MAT | 17 | 17 | su3r | figs-rquestion | ἕως πότε μεθ’ ὑμῶν ἔσομαι? ἕως πότε ἀνέξομαι ὑμῶν? | 1 | how long will I be with you? How long will I bear with you? | These questions show Jesus is unhappy with the people. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am tired of being with you! I am tired of your unbelief and corruption!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 1339 | MAT | 17 | 18 | i8kd | figs-activepassive | ἐθεραπεύθη ὁ παῖς | 1 | the boy was healed | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the boy became well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1340 | MAT | 17 | 18 | h2gc | figs-idiom | ἀπὸ τῆς ὥρας ἐκείνης | 1 | from that hour | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “immediately” or “at that moment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 1341 | MAT | 17 | 19 | pz9f | figs-exclusive | ἡμεῖς | 1 | we | Here, **we** refers to the speakers but not the hearers and so is exclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 1342 | MAT | 17 | 19 | r9j7 | διὰ τί ἡμεῖς οὐκ ἠδυνήθημεν ἐκβαλεῖν αὐτό? | 1 | For what reason were we not able to cast it out? | Alternate translation: “Why could we not make the demon come out of the boy?” | |
| 1343 | MAT | 17 | 20 | u5ll | ἀμὴν, γὰρ λέγω ὑμῖν | 1 | For I truly say to you | This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. Alternate translation: “For I tell you the truth” | |
| 1344 | MAT | 17 | 20 | uy78 | figs-simile | ἐὰν ἔχητε πίστιν ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως | 1 | if you would have faith as a mustard seed | Jesus compares the size of **a mustard seed** to the amount of **faith** needed to do a miracle. A mustard seed is very small, but it grows into a large plant. Jesus means it only takes a small amount of faith to do a great miracle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 1345 | MAT | 17 | 20 | x48i | figs-doublenegatives | οὐδὲν ἀδυνατήσει ὑμῖν | 1 | nothing will be impossible for you | If your readers would misunderstand the double-negative **nothing … impossible**, you could state this in a positive form. Alternate translation: “you will be able to do anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 1346 | MAT | 17 | 22 | r2cu | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Here the scene shifts momentarily, and Jesus foretells his death and resurrection a second time. | ||
| 1347 | MAT | 17 | 22 | n2xs | συστρεφομένων…αὐτῶν | 1 | as they are gathered together | Alternate translation: “as Jesus and his disciples were gathered together” | |
| 1348 | MAT | 17 | 22 | ff8x | figs-activepassive | μέλλει ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοσθαι | 1 | The Son of Man is about to be delivered | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone will deliver the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1349 | MAT | 17 | 22 | mmk2 | figs-metonymy | παραδίδοσθαι εἰς χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων | 1 | to be delivered into the hands of men | The word **hands** here is a metonym for the power that people use hands to exercise. Alternate translation: “to be taken and put under the power of people” or “to be taken and given to people who will control him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1350 | MAT | 17 | 22 | i5rb | figs-123person | ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου | 1 | The Son of Man | Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 1351 | MAT | 17 | 23 | hl6j | figs-123person | αὐτόν…ἐγερθήσεται | 1 | him … he will be raised up | Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
| 1352 | MAT | 17 | 23 | b6g3 | translate-ordinal | τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ | 1 | on the third day | The word **third** is the ordinal form of “three.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) |
| 1353 | MAT | 17 | 23 | fni4 | figs-idiom | ἐγερθήσεται | 1 | he will be raised up | Here to be **raised up** is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 1354 | MAT | 17 | 23 | fjac | figs-activepassive | ἐγερθήσεται | 1 | he will be raised up | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will raise him up” or “God will cause him to become alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1355 | MAT | 17 | 24 | jli6 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Here the scene shifts again to a later time when Jesus teaches Peter about paying the temple tax. | ||
| 1356 | MAT | 17 | 24 | t8qt | ἐλθόντων…αὐτῶν | 1 | when they had come | Alternate translation: “when Jesus and his disciples had come” | |
| 1357 | MAT | 17 | 24 | b953 | figs-explicit | τὰ δίδραχμα | 1 | the two-drachma tax | This was a **tax** that Jewish men paid to support the temple in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the temple tax” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 1358 | MAT | 17 | 24 | cths | translate-bmoney | τὰ δίδραχμα | 1 | the two-drachma tax | The **drachma** was equivalent to the “denarius,” which was worth about one day’s wage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) |
| 1359 | MAT | 17 | 25 | y26n | τὴν οἰκίαν | 1 | the house | Alternate translation: “the place where Jesus was staying” | |
| 1360 | MAT | 17 | 25 | yp5h | figs-rquestion | τί σοι δοκεῖ, Σίμων? οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς, ἀπὸ τίνων λαμβάνουσιν τέλη ἢ κῆνσον? ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτῶν ἢ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων? | 1 | What do you think, Simon? From whom do the kings of the earth receive taxes or tolls? From their sons or from strangers? | Jesus asks these questions to teach Simon, not to gain information for himself. If your readers would misunderstand these questions, you can express them as a statement. Alternate translation: “Listen, Simon. We know that when kings collect taxes, they collect it from people who are not members of their own family.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 1361 | MAT | 17 | 26 | w75w | figs-quotations | εἰπόντος δέ, ἀπὸ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων, ἔφη αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς | 1 | But when he said, “From strangers,” Jesus said to him | If you translated Jesus’ questions as statements in [17:25](../17/25.md), you may need to give an alternate response here. You could also state it as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “But when Peter said, ‘Yes, that is true. Kings collect taxes from people who are not their family,’ Jesus said” or “But after Peter agreed with Jesus, Jesus said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
| 1362 | MAT | 17 | 26 | u6xx | οἱ υἱοί | 1 | the sons | Here, **the sons** refers to people who are not part of the ruler’s family. | |
| 1363 | MAT | 17 | 27 | mwa6 | ἵνα δὲ μὴ σκανδαλίσωμεν αὐτούς, πορευθεὶς | 1 | But in order that we might not cause them to sin, having gone | Alternate translation: “But we do not want to make the tax collectors angry. So, go” | |
| 1364 | MAT | 17 | 27 | uhk5 | figs-explicit | βάλε ἄγκιστρον | 1 | throw in a hook | Fishermen tied **a fishhook** to the end of a line, then threw it in the water to catch fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 1365 | MAT | 17 | 27 | ebj4 | τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ | 1 | its mouth | Alternate translation: “the fish’s mouth” | |
| 1366 | MAT | 17 | 27 | t9t8 | translate-bmoney | στατῆρα | 1 | a shekel | A **shekel** was a silver coin worth four days’ wages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) |
| 1367 | MAT | 17 | 27 | ej3l | ἐκεῖνον λαβὼν, δὸς | 1 | Having taken that, give it | Alternate translation: “Take the shekel and give it” | |
| 1368 | MAT | 17 | 27 | km3v | figs-you | ἀντὶ ἐμοῦ καὶ σοῦ | 1 | on behalf of me and you | Here, **you** is singular and refers to Peter. Each man had to pay a half shekel tax. So one shekel would be enough for Jesus and Peter to pay their taxes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 1369 | MAT | 18 | intro | m4y6 | 0 | # Matthew 18 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### What should Jesus’ followers do when other followers sin against them?<br><br>Jesus taught that his followers must treat each other well and not be angry with each other. They should forgive anyone who is sorry for his sin, even if he has committed the same sin before. If he is not sorry for his sin, Jesus’ followers should speak with him alone or in a small group. If he is still not sorry after that, then Jesus’ followers can treat him as guilty. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) | |||
| 1370 | MAT | 18 | 1 | f7zv | 0 | General Information: | This is the beginning of a new part of the story that runs through [18:35](../18/35.md), where Jesus teaches about life in the kingdom of heaven. Here, Jesus uses a little child to teach the disciples. | ||
| 1371 | MAT | 18 | 1 | iri5 | τίς ἄρα μείζων ἐστὶν | 1 | Who therefore is greatest | Alternate translation: “Who therefore is the most important” or “Who then among us will be the most important” | |
| 1372 | MAT | 18 | 1 | pp31 | figs-metonymy | ἐν τῇ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν | 1 | in the kingdom of the heavens | The phrase **kingdom of the heavens** refers to God’s rule as king. This phrase is used only in the book of Matthew. if possible, use **heavens** in your translation. Alternate translation: “in God’s kingdom” or “when our God in heaven establishes his rule on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1373 | MAT | 18 | 3 | qb44 | ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν | 1 | Truly I say to you | This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. Alternate translation: “I tell you the truth” | |
| 1374 | MAT | 18 | 3 | fs1e | figs-doublenegatives | ἐὰν μὴ στραφῆτε καὶ γένησθε ὡς τὰ παιδία, οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθητε | 1 | unless you would turn and would become like little children, you may certainly not enter | You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “you must change and become like little children in order to enter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 1375 | MAT | 18 | 3 | ewj5 | figs-simile | γένησθε ὡς τὰ παιδία | 1 | would become like little children | Jesus uses a simile to teach the disciples that they should not be concerned with who is most important. They should be concerned with becoming humble like a child. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 1376 | MAT | 18 | 3 | ch9p | figs-metonymy | οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθητε εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν τῶν Οὐρανῶν | 1 | you may certainly not enter into the kingdom of the heavens | The phrase **kingdom of the heavens** refers to God’s rule as king. This phrase is used only in the book of Matthew. if possible, use **heavens** in your translation. Alternate translation: “you will certainly not enter God’s kingdom” or “you will never belong to our God in heaven when he establishes his rule on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1377 | MAT | 18 | 4 | ta7z | figs-simile | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Jesus continues teaching the disciples that they need to be humble like a child if they want to be important in God’s kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1378 | MAT | 18 | 4 | f9t5 | ἐστιν ὁ μείζων | 1 | is the greatest | Alternate translation: “is the most important” or “will be the most important” | |
| 1379 | MAT | 18 | 4 | gf8l | figs-metonymy | ἐν τῇ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν | 1 | in the kingdom of the heavens | The phrase **kingdom of the heavens** refers to God’s rule as king. This phrase is used only in the book of Matthew. if possible, use **heavens** in your translation. Alternate translation: “in God’s kingdom” or “when our God in heaven establishes his rule on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1380 | MAT | 18 | 5 | dz1i | figs-metonymy | ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου | 1 | in my name | Here, **my name** refers to the entire person. Alternate translation: “because of me” or “because he is my disciple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1381 | MAT | 18 | 5 | ik3r | ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου, ἐμὲ δέχεται | 1 | in my name receives me | Jesus means that receiving the child is the same as welcoming Jesus himself. Alternate translation: “in my name, it is like he is welcoming me” or “in my name, it is as if he were welcoming me” | |
| 1382 | MAT | 18 | 6 | ghp3 | figs-activepassive | ἵνα κρεμασθῇ μύλος ὀνικὸς περὶ τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ, καὶ καταποντισθῇ ἐν τῷ πελάγει τῆς θαλάσσης | 1 | that a millstone of a donkey would have been hung about his neck and he would have been sunk into the depth of the sea | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “if someone put a great millstone around his neck and threw him into the deep sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1383 | MAT | 18 | 6 | w3uz | μύλος | 1 | a millstone | A **millstone** is a large, heavy, circular stone used for grinding wheat grain into flour. Alternate translation: “a very heavy stone” | |
| 1384 | MAT | 18 | 7 | ees6 | figs-metonymy | τῷ κόσμῳ | 1 | to the world | Here, **world** refers to people. Alternate translation: “to the people of the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1385 | MAT | 18 | 7 | y7vh | figs-metaphor | τῶν σκανδάλων…ἐλθεῖν τὰ σκάνδαλα…τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ δι’ οὗ τὸ σκάνδαλον ἔρχεται | 1 | the stumbling blocks … that those stumbling blocks come … to the man through whom those stumbling blocks come | Here, **stumbling** is a metaphor for sin. Alternate translation: “things that cause people to sin … that things come that cause people to sin … to any person who causes others to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 1386 | MAT | 18 | 8 | vad7 | figs-hyperbole | εἰ δὲ ἡ χείρ σου ἢ ὁ πούς σου σκανδαλίζει σε, ἔκκοψον αὐτὸν καὶ βάλε ἀπὸ σοῦ | 1 | But if your hand or your foot causes you to stumble, cut it off and throw it away from you | Jesus exaggerates here to emphasize that people must do anything necessary to remove from their lives what causes them to sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 1387 | MAT | 18 | 8 | gqi3 | figs-you | σου…σε…σοῦ…σοί | 1 | your … you … you … for you | All occurrences of **your** and **you** are singular. Jesus is speaking to all people in general. It may be more natural for your language to translate with a plural “you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 1388 | MAT | 18 | 8 | pc4d | εἰς τὴν ζωὴν | 1 | into life | Alternate translation: “into eternal life” | |
| 1389 | MAT | 18 | 8 | lhk9 | figs-activepassive | ἢ δύο χεῖρας ἢ δύο πόδας ἔχοντα, βληθῆναι εἰς τὸ πῦρ τὸ αἰώνιον | 1 | than to be thrown into the everlasting fire having two hands or two feet | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “than to have both hands and feet when God throws you into the eternal fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1390 | MAT | 18 | 9 | xad4 | figs-hyperbole | καὶ εἰ ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου σκανδαλίζει σε, ἔξελε αὐτὸν καὶ βάλε ἀπὸ σοῦ | 1 | And if your eye causes you to stumble, pluck it out and throw it away from you | The command to destroy the **eye**, perhaps the most important part of the body, is probably an exaggeration for his hearers to do anything necessary to remove from their lives anything that causes them to sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 1391 | MAT | 18 | 9 | q7tw | figs-metaphor | σκανδαλίζει σε | 1 | causes you to stumble | Here, **stumble** is a metaphor for sin. Alternate translation: “causes you to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 1392 | MAT | 18 | 9 | eii2 | figs-you | σου…σε…σοῦ…σοί | 1 | your … you … you … for you | All occurrences of **your** and **you** are singular. Jesus is speaking to all people in general. It may be more natural for your language to translate with a plural “you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 1393 | MAT | 18 | 9 | m8as | εἰς τὴν ζωὴν | 1 | into life | Alternate translation: “into eternal life” | |
| 1394 | MAT | 18 | 9 | r1ie | figs-activepassive | ἢ δύο ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχοντα βληθῆναι εἰς τὴν Γέενναν τοῦ πυρός | 1 | than to be thrown into fiery hell having two eyes | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “than to have both eyes when God throws you into the eternal fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1395 | MAT | 18 | 10 | qnc6 | ὁρᾶτε | 1 | See that | Alternate translation: “Be careful that” or “Be sure that” | |
| 1396 | MAT | 18 | 10 | e9uf | μὴ καταφρονήσητε ἑνὸς τῶν μικρῶν τούτων | 1 | you would not despise one of these little ones | If your readers would misunderstand the double-negative **not despise**, you can express it in positive form. Alternate translation: “you show respect to these little ones” or “you do not think of these little ones as being unimportant” | |
| 1397 | MAT | 18 | 10 | j4l5 | λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν | 1 | For I say to you | This phrase add emphasis to what Jesus says next. | |
| 1398 | MAT | 18 | 10 | xdl9 | figs-explicit | οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτῶν ἐν οὐρανοῖς, διὰ παντὸς βλέπουσι τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ Πατρός μου, τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς | 1 | in heaven their angels always look on the face of my Father who is in the heavens | Jewish teachers taught that only the most important **angels** could be in God’s presence. Jesus means that the most important angels speak to God about these little ones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 1399 | MAT | 18 | 10 | y6n9 | figs-idiom | διὰ παντὸς βλέπουσι τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ Πατρός μου | 1 | always look on the face of my Father | This is an idiom that means they are in God’s presence. Alternate translation: “are always close to my Father” or “are always in the presence of my Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 1400 | MAT | 18 | 10 | iq8j | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | τοῦ Πατρός μου | 1 | of my Father | **Father** is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 1401 | MAT | 18 | 12 | idl5 | figs-rquestion | τί ὑμῖν δοκεῖ? | 1 | What do you think? | Jesus uses this question to get people’s attention. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Think about how people act.” or “Think about this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 1402 | MAT | 18 | 12 | dm8u | figs-you | ὑμῖν | 1 | you | Here, **you** is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 1403 | MAT | 18 | 12 | t5h4 | figs-rquestion | οὐχὶ ἀφείς τὰ ἐνενήκοντα ἐννέα ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη, καὶ πορευθεὶς ζητεῖ τὸ πλανώμενον? | 1 | having left the 99 on the hillside and having gone out, does he not seek the one wandering? | Jesus uses a question to teach his disciples. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “he will always leave the 99 where they are and go out so seek the one that has gone astray.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 1404 | MAT | 18 | 13 | hk59 | figs-you | ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν | 1 | This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. The word **you** is plural. Alternate translation: “I tell you the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 1405 | MAT | 18 | 14 | kcy2 | οὐκ ἔστιν θέλημα ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν, τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς, ἵνα ἀπόληται ἓν τῶν μικρῶν τούτων | 1 | it is not the will before your Father who is in the heavens that one of these little ones would perish | Alternate translation: “your Father in heaven does not want any of these little ones to die” or “your Father in heaven does not want even one of these little ones to die” | |
| 1406 | MAT | 18 | 14 | usa4 | figs-you | ὑμῶν | 1 | your | Here, **your** is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 1407 | MAT | 18 | 14 | fmm2 | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | τοῦ Πατρὸς | 1 | Father | **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 1408 | MAT | 18 | 15 | k6t7 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Jesus begins to teach his disciples about forgiveness and reconciliation. | ||
| 1409 | MAT | 18 | 15 | kpe2 | ὁ ἀδελφός σου | 1 | your brother | Here, **your brother** refers to a fellow believer in God, not a physical brother. Alternate translation: “your fellow believer” | |
| 1410 | MAT | 18 | 15 | yh3t | ἐκέρδησας τὸν ἀδελφόν σου | 1 | you will have gained your brother | Alternate translation: “you will have made your relationship with your brother good again” | |
| 1411 | MAT | 18 | 16 | i25x | figs-metonymy | ἵνα ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων ἢ τριῶν, σταθῇ πᾶν ῥῆμα | 1 | so that by the mouth of two or three witnesses every word might be verified | Here, **mouth** and **word** refer to what a person says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 1412 | MAT | 18 | 16 | xv1w | figs-activepassive | ἵνα ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων ἢ τριῶν, σταθῇ πᾶν ῥῆμα | 1 | so that by the mouth of two or three witnesses every word might be verified | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “so that two or three witnesses may verify that what you say about your brother is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 1413 | MAT | 18 | 17 | g3aj | ἐὰν…παρακούσῃ αὐτῶν | 1 | if he might refuse to listen to them | Alternate translation: “if your fellow believer refuses to listen to the witnesses who came with you” | |
| 1414 | MAT | 18 | 17 | kx28 | τῆς ἐκκλησίας | 1 | the church | Alternate translation: “the whole community of believers” |
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