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Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of the Book of Jeremiah\n\n1. Yahweh calls Jeremiah to be a prophet (1:1–19)\n1. Yahweh will judge and punish Judah (2:1–29:32)\n * Judah called to repent of spiritual adultery (2:1–6:30)\n * Judah judged for its false religion (7:1–10:16)\n * Jeremiah stands between Yahweh and his people (11:1–20:19)\n * Jeremiah confronts his people (21:1–29:32)\n1. Yahweh promises to restore Judah (30:1–33:26)\n * Yahweh will bring the people of Judah back to their land (30:1–24)\n * Yahweh will create a new covenant with them (31:1–40)\n * The people will come back (32:1–44)\n * Kings descended from David will rule again (33:1–26)\n1. Jeremiah suffers (34:1–45:5)\n * Before Yahweh punishes Judah (34:1–36:32)\n * While Yahweh punishes Judah (37:1–39:18)\n * After Yahweh punishes Judah (40:1–45:5)\n1. Yahweh will judge and punish the nations (46:1–51:64)\n * Egypt (46:1–28)\n * Philistia (47:1–28)\n * Moab (48:1–47)\n * Ammon (49:1–6)\n * Edom (49:7–22)\n * Damascus (49:23–27)\n * Kedar (49:28–33)\n * Elam (49:34–39)\n * Babylonia (50:1–51:64)\n1. Jerusalem captured and destroyed (52:1–34)\n\n### What is the Book of Jeremiah about?\n\nThe Book of Jeremiah gives the prophesies of a priest named Jeremiah. It also tells how Jeremiah suffered in different ways while he prophesied.\n\nJeremiah began prophesying about 626 B.C. After the death of King Josiah, many groups of people in Israel opposed Jeremiah. Some of these people wanted to depend on Egypt to protect the nation. Others were idol worshipers. They hated Jeremiah for denouncing their gods. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])\n\nDuring the reign of King Jehoiakim, Jeremiah prophesied about the temple of Yahweh. King Jehoiakim received some of these prophecies in writing and burned the document. The next king, Zedekiah, put Jeremiah in prison when he told the king to surrender to Babylon.\n\nKing Nebuchadnezzar of Babylonia invaded Judah in 597 B.C. He conquered Jerusalem in 587 B.C. He offered Jeremiah housing and money if Jeremiah would go to Babylon. But Jeremiah remained in Jerusalem to help the few Jews left there.\n\nShortly after that, Gedaliah, whom Nebuchadnezzar had chosen to be governor over Judah, was murdered. Some Jewish rebels captured Jeremiah and took him to Egypt. Those rebels went to Egypt to be protected there rather than to live under Nebuchadnezzar’s rule. Jeremiah may have died soon after being taken to Egypt. But while in Egypt he prophesied that the Babylonians would invade and conquer Egypt.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe traditional title of this book is “The Book of Jeremiah” or just “Jeremiah.” Translators may also call it the “The Book about Jeremiah” or “What the Prophet Jeremiah Said.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Jeremiah?\n\nJeremiah was a priest and a prophet living in Judah. He spoke the prophesies in the Book of Jeremiah. A friend named Baruch wrote down many of the prophecies as Jeremiah spoke them to him.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What is the new covenant that is presented in the Book of Jeremiah?\n\nJeremiah introduced a “new covenant” between Yahweh and Israel (chapter 31). Yahweh would “write this covenant on the hearts” of the people. This means that the covenant would be a part of the people instead of just written on stone or paper. The people would obey the new covenant with all their heart. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])\n\n### What relationship do Jeremiah’s prophecies have to the other nations besides Israel?\n\nMuch of the Old Testament before this time is only about the nation of Israel. But Jeremiah also spoke of how Yahweh would judge other nations of the world. Yahweh would also punish the other nations for their wicked deeds. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Are the events in the Book of Jeremiah told in the order that they actually happened?\n\nMany of the events in the Book of Jeremiah are not told in the order that they actually happened. Instead, the various prophecies appear to be arranged by topic.\n\n### Why does the Book of Jeremiah refer to this prophet as “he” or “him”?\n\nMany times in the book, the author refers to Jeremiah as “Jeremiah” or “he.” This is unusual if Jeremiah wrote the book. The reason this occurs is perhaps because Baruch, Jeremiah’s secretary, wrote down some parts of the book. Translators should keep the words “Jeremiah” and “he.” 1:intro e235 0 # Jeremiah 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 1:4–10.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Jeremiah appointed as prophet\n\nGod chose Jeremiah to be his prophet and although many powerful people would be against him, God promised to protect him. This chapter emphasizes that Jeremiah was chosen by God to be his prophet. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])\n\n### Northern kingdom\n\nThis was not a reference to the northern kingdom of Israel; it had already been conquered. It was a reference to a kingdom located north of Judah, that is, to Babylon. The Babylonian armies would attack Judah and conquer it.\n\n### Opposition\n\nThe people were supposed to listen to God’s prophet. When he prophesied, they should have repented. Instead, they persecuted Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) 1:1 zm8t Jeremiah son of Hilkiah, one of the priests 0 Alternate translation: “Jeremiah son of Hilkiah. Jeremiah was one of the priests” 1:1 ynh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hilkiah 0 This is the name of a man. 1:1 hbs3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Anathoth 0 This is the name of a town. 1:1 m9zz the land of Benjamin 0 Alternate translation: “the land that belongs to the tribe of Benjamin” 1:2 qj8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came to him 0 This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to him” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” 1:2 tdx8 Yahweh 0 This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. 1:2 gg1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom in the days of Josiah son of Amon, king of Judah 0 Here “in the days of” is an idiom that refers to the time when a king reigned. Alternate translation: “when Josiah son of Amon was king of Judah” 1:2 xy18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the thirteenth 0 The word “thirteenth” is the ordinal form of “13.” 1:2 bvz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Amon 0 This is the name of a man. 1:2 h452 his reign 0 Alternate translation: “Josiah’s reign” 1:3 wl81 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the eleventh 0 The word “eleventh” is the ordinal form of “11.” 1:3 vh91 It also came 0 Alternate translation: “The word of Yahweh also came” 1:3 iba7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom in the days of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah 0 Here “in the days of” is an idiom that refers to the time when a king reigned. Alternate translation: “when Johoiakim son of Josiah was king of Judah” 1:3 ui8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths the fifth month 0 This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) 1:3 xqi2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit of Zedekiah 0 This refers to the rule of Zedekiah. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “of the reign of Zedekiah” 1:3 g4f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive when the people of Jerusalem were taken away as prisoners 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. It can be stated clearly that they were taken to Babylon. Alternate translation: “when the army of Babylon took the people of Jerusalem away as prisoners” or “when the army of Babylon took the people of Jerusalem as prisoners to Babylon” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1:4 vzg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came to me, saying 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” 1:5 j2el formed you 0 Alternate translation: “shaped you” 1:5 f9sn before you came out from the womb 0 This can also be expressed without referring to the womb. Alternate translation: “before you were born” 1:6 x52n Ah, Lord Yahweh 0 Here “Ah” shows Jeremiah’s fear of doing what God has said. 1:6 j6eh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole I do not know how to speak 0 Jeremiah may have been exaggerating to show his fear of speaking in public. Alternate translation: “I do not know how to speak in public” or “I do not know how to make announcements to people” 1:8 r2iu Do not be afraid of them 0 Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid of the people I will send you to speak to” 1:8 jk96 this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 The word “this” refers to what Yahweh just said in verses 7 and 8. 1:8 tfp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 1:9 gq1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Then Yahweh reached out with his hand, touched my mouth 0 This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor representing Yahweh giving Jeremiah special authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then it was as though Yahweh touched my mouth” or (2) Jeremiah was seeing a vision and Yahweh actually did this as a symbolic act of giving Jeremiah authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh touched my mouth with his hand” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 1:9 sw5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have placed my word in your mouth 0 This phrase represents giving Jeremiah his message. Alternate translation: “I have given you my message for you to speak to the people” or “I have enabled you to tell the people my message” 1:10 xz7w I am appointing you … to uproot and break down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and plant 0 Jeremiah would do these things to various nations by saying that they would happen. 1:10 k126 to uproot and break down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and plant 0 He would uproot, break down, destroy and overthrow some nations, and he would build and plant other nations. 1:10 hzc6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to uproot 0 God speaks of Jeremiah destroying the nations by what he says as if the nations were plants and he were to pull them up out of the ground. 1:10 vgg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet to destroy and overthrow 0 Jeremiah uses these words, which mean almost the same thing, to show that this will certainly happen. 1:10 q2dm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to build and plant 0 God speaks of Jeremiah causing nations to become strong as if they were a building and he would build them, and as if they were plants and he would plant them. 1:11 i5z1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, “What 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 1:4](./04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said, ‘What” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me: ‘What” 1:11 hmj4 I see an almond branch 0 Yahweh shows Jeremiah a spiritual vision. 1:11 zuu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown an almond branch 0 An almond tree is a kind of nut tree. 1:12 mr44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am watching over my word to carry it out 0 This represents guaranteeing that he will do what he has said. Alternate translation: “I am remembering my word to carry it out” or “I guarantee that I will do what I have said” 1:12 s9ac for I am watching over my word 0 The Hebrew words for “almond” and “watch over” sound almost the same. God wants Jeremiah to remember that God will make his word succeed. 1:13 ntu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came to me a second time, saying 0 The idiom “The word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](./04.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message a second time. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this second message to me” 1:13 wx7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy whose surface is churning 0 The surface refers to the surface of the water in the pot. Jeremiah could see the water boiling. Alternate translation: “whose water is boiling” 1:13 dy8k tipping away from the north 0 This means that it was tipping toward the south, where Jeremiah was in Judah. 1:14 sxk1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Disaster will be opened up out of the north 0 “Disaster will be let loose from the north.” This represents God causing disaster to come from the north to the south. Alternate translation: “Disaster will come from the north” or “I will send disaster from the north” 1:15 ci59 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah about the disaster that would come from the north. 1:15 eu1c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole everyone 0 This generalization refers to the kings of the northern kingdoms. Alternate translation: “every king” or “all of the northern kings” 1:15 duv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will set his throne at the entrance of the gates of Jerusalem 0 This could mean: (1) this represents ruling over Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will rule at the gates of Jerusalem” or (2) this represents judging Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will judge Jerusalem” 1:15 j1zf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy against all the walls that surround it 0 Setting their thrones “against all the walls that surround it” represents commanding their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “and they will command their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Judah” 1:15 d8i9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy against all the cities of Judah 0 Setting their thrones “against all the cities of Judah” represents commanding their armies to destroy all the cities of Judah. 1:16 gg7p I will pronounce sentence against them 0 Alternate translation: “I will announce how I will punish them” 1:16 wrh7 I will pronounce sentence against them 0 Alternate translation: “I will pronounce sentence against the people of Judah” 1:16 s442 worshiping what they made with their own hands 0 Since the people had made the idols with their own hands, they should have known that the idols are not worthy of worship. 1:17 k94h Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah. 1:17 qw4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Do not be shattered … I will shatter you 0 Here “be shattered” represents being extremely afraid, and “shatter” represents causing Jeremiah to be extremely afraid. Alternate translation: “Do not be terrified … I will terrify you” 1:18 q32g Behold! 0 Alternate translation: “Pay attention!” 1:18 k16n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Today I have made you a fortified city, an iron pillar, and bronze walls against the whole land 0 Being strong like these things represents being confident and unchanging in saying what God had told him to say. Alternate translation: “I have made you strong against the whole land like a fortified city, an iron pillar, and bronze walls” 1:18 l1sl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor iron … bronze 0 These were the strongest materials known at that time. 1:18 u7cf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the whole land 0 This represents all the people of the land. 1:19 zp53 They will fight against you 0 This refers to the people of Judah. 1:19 c3xx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 2:intro cx16 0 # Jeremiah 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 2:1–31.\n\nThe prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 2:1–3:5. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The people refuse to learn\n\nThe people worshiped other gods, particularly the fertility gods of Baal and Ashtoreth. Even when the nation was punished, the people did not learn. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nIsrael is compared to a female camel or a wild donkey for being unstable and lustful. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2:1 n8ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” 2:2 g2d8 Go and proclaim in the hearing of Jerusalem 0 Alternate translation: “Go and speak where the people in Jerusalem can hear you” 2:2 mz95 I have called to mind on your behalf 0 Alternate translation: “I remember about you” 2:2 jw4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the covenant faithfulness in your youthfulness, your love 0 The abstract nouns “faithfulness,” “youthfulness” and “love” can be expressed with the adjectives “faithful” and “young,” and the verb “love.” Alternate translation: “how, when you were young, you were faithful to our covenant, and how you loved me” 2:2 p3v3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor when we were engaged 0 God speaks of his relationship with the people of Israel as though they had been engaged to be married. Alternate translation: “when we first agreed that we would marry each other” 2:2 gl65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the land that was not sown 0 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “the land where no one had sown seed” or “the land where no food was growing” 2:3 ubv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the firstfruits of his harvest 0 God speaks of Israel as if they were an offering dedicated to God. Alternate translation: “like the firstfruits of his harvest” 2:3 b2kn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor All who ate from the firstfruits were held guilty 0 God speaks of those who attacked Israel as if they were eating the offering that was set apart for God. Alternate translation: “All who attacked Israel were held guilty like people who ate from the first fruits of his harvest” 2:3 j1qx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor disaster came upon them 0 The phrase “came upon them” is a metaphor for happened to them. Alternate translation: “Disasters happened to them” or “I made terrible things happen to them” 2:3 bei6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 2:4 u5jc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism house of Jacob, all you clans of the house of Israel 0 Jacob and Israel were two names for one man, and these two phrases refer to the same group of people. Alternate translation: “all you descendants of Jacob” 2:4 gq5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Jacob 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob’s descendants. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob” 2:4 p8u3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants, who had become the nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” 2:5 y22p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What did your fathers find wrong with me, that they went far from following me? That they went after useless idols and became useless themselves? 0 Yahweh uses these questions to say that since he has done no wrong, his people should not have rejected him and worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “I did nothing wrong to your forefathers, so they should not have gone far from following me, and they should not have gone after useless idols. By doing that they themselves have become useless!” 2:5 k654 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they went far from following me 0 This represents rejecting God and refusing to be loyal to him. Alternate translation: “they rejected me” 2:5 p2c2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they went after useless idols 0 This represents choosing to be loyal to idols and worship them. Alternate translation: “they worshiped useless idols” 2:5 ea5y useless idols 0 idols that people can use for nothing good. The translation should not make people think that there are some idols that are useful. 2:6 qj82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They did not say 0 It is implied that they should have said what follows. Alternate translation: “They should have said” 2:6 bj3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Where is Yahweh, who brought us … Egypt? 0 This rhetorical question would have been used to show the people’s need of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need Yahweh. He is the one who brought us … Egypt.” 2:6 sb9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Where is Yahweh, who led us … lives? 0 This rhetorical question would have been used to show the people’s need of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need Yahweh. He is the one who led us … lives.” 2:6 xpu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a land of drought and deep darkness 0 A “land of drought” is a land that does not have enough water. Here “deep darkness” is a metaphor for danger. Alternate translation: “a dangerous land where there is not enough water” 2:7 e78y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism you defiled my land, you made my inheritance an abomination! 0 These two phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “you sinned and made the land I gave you disgusting to me!” 2:7 z346 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you defiled my land 0 Here “defiled” represents making the land unacceptable to God. They did this by sinning against him there when they worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “by sinning, you made my land no good” 2:7 x8z6 you made my inheritance an abomination 0 Alternate translation: “you made my inheritance disgusting by your sin” or “by sinning, you made my inheritance repulsive” 2:7 bs45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my inheritance 0 This could mean: (1) God is speaking of his land as if he had inherited it. Alternate translation: “my land” or (2) God is speaking of the land he gave to Israel as if he had given it to them as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land I gave you” or “the land I gave you as an inheritance” 2:8 kt1g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Where is Yahweh? 0 This question would have shown that they wanted to obey Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need to obey Yahweh!” 2:8 hl48 did not care about me 0 Alternate translation: “were not committed to me” or “rejected me” 2:8 vv8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The shepherds transgressed against me 0 The leaders are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people who followed them were sheep. Alternate translation: “Their leaders sinned against me” 2:8 fs7t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor walked after unprofitable things 0 Here “walked after” represents obeying or worshiping. Alternate translation: “obeyed unprofitable things” or “worshiped unprofitable things” 2:8 b2si unprofitable things 0 Unprofitable things are things that cannot help a person. Here it refers to idols. 2:9 wb2t your sons’ sons 0 Alternate translation: “your future generations” 2:10 m3dc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names cross over to the coasts of Kittim 0 Kittim was an island west of Israel. Today it is called Cyprus. It represented all the lands far to the west of Israel. Alternate translation: “go west across the ocean to Kittim” 2:10 r42k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Send messengers out to Kedar 0 Kedar is the name of a land far to the east of Israel. Alternate translation: “Send messengers far east to the land of Kedar” 2:11 g27j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Has a nation exchanged gods … gods? 0 God uses this question to tell the people of Israel that other nations continue to worship their own gods. They do not change and worship other gods. Alternate translation: “You will see that no nation has ever exchanged gods … gods.” 2:11 y4gc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person But my people have exchanged their glory for what cannot help them 0 Here God speaks as though he were not speaking directly to his people. Alternate translation: “But you, my people, have exchanged me, your glorious God, for what cannot help you” 2:11 ad5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy their glory 0 This expression refers to God himself, who is glorious. Alternate translation: “their glorious God” or “me, your glorious God” 2:11 i74r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for what cannot help 0 Here false gods are spoken of in terms of what they cannot do. Alternate translation: “for false gods, which cannot help” or “for gods who cannot help” 2:12 gfd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 2:13 xga4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor have abandoned the springs of living waters 0 God speaks of himself as if he were springs of living waters. Alternate translation: “have abandoned me, their springs of living waters” or “have abandoned me, who is like springs of living water” 2:13 zfj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor have dug out cisterns for themselves 0 God speaks of false gods as if they were cisterns that people dig in order to get water. Alternate translation: “have gone to false gods, which are like cisterns they have dug for themselves” 2:13 y6j8 cisterns 0 deep holes for storing water 2:14 gf3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Is Israel a slave? Was he born in his master’s home? So why has he become plunder? 0 Though Yahweh was speaking to the people of Israel, he used the third person as though he were talking to someone else about Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel, are you a slave? Were you born at home? So why have you become plunder?” 2:14 dz58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is Israel a slave? Was he born in his master’s home? 0 Yahweh uses these questions to tell why Israel should not have become plunder. Alternate translation: “Israel is not a slave. Israel was not born at home.” 2:14 fp49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Was he born in his master’s home 0 Here “born in his master’s home” is metonym for being born into slavery. Alternate translation: “Was he born a slave” 2:14 d84g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion So why has he become plunder? 0 Yahweh uses this question to indicate that Israel should not have become plunder. Alternate translation: “So he should not have become plunder.” 2:14 gd7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor So why has he become plunder 0 Here “become plunder” represents being attacked and taken as captives to another country. Alternate translation: “So why has Israel been taken away as captives” or “So why have Israel’s enemies taken Israel away as captives” 2:15 sra1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Young lions roared against him. They made a lot of noise 0 God speaks of Israel’s enemies attacking Israel as if the enemies were lions roaring and attacking Israel. 2:15 w8su rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy made his land a horror 0 This represents destroying the land in such a way that people will feel horror when they see it. Alternate translation: “destroyed Israel’s land” 2:15 bs9w Young lions roared 0 A roar is a loud sound that a wild animal makes when it attacks. 2:15 fgd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive His cities are destroyed without any inhabitants 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They have destroyed Israel’s cities and now no one lives in them” 2:15 ph93 inhabitants 0 people who live in a certain place 2:16 z9t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Memphis and Tahpanhes 0 These are the names of two cities in Egypt. 2:16 z84p will shave your skull 0 The Egyptians shaved the head of their slaves to mark them as slaves. 2:16 f67y will shave your skull 0 Some versions interpret the Hebrew text as “have cracked your skull.” 2:17 rh64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Did you not do this to yourselves when you abandoned Yahweh your God, while he was leading you along the way? 0 Yahweh uses this question to remind Israel that it is their own fault that their enemies attacked them. Alternate translation: “You caused this yourselves by abandoning Yahweh your God while he was leading you along the way.” 2:18 ksj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion So now, why take the road to Egypt and drink the waters of Shihor? Why take the road to Assyria and drink the waters of the Euphrates River? 0 Yahweh uses these questions to remind his people that it does not do any good to ask Egypt and Assyria to help them. Alternate translation: “It does not help you to go to Egypt and drink from the waters of the Shihor River, or to go to Assyria and drink from the waters of the Euphrates River.” 2:18 qic3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor why take the road to Egypt and drink the waters of Shihor … Why take the road to Assyria and drink the waters of the Euphrates River 0 These are a metaphor for asking the Egyptian and Assyrian armies to help them. Alternate translation: “why ask the Egyptians to help you … Why ask the Assyrians to help you” 2:18 b4bs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shihor 0 This is the name of a stream associated with Egypt. It may have been a branch of the Nile River. Some versions call it the Nile. Alternate translation: “the Shihor Stream” or “the Shihor River” or “the Nile River” 2:19 d7s4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Your wickedness rebukes you, and your faithlessness punishes you 0 Both of these phrases mean that their punishment is the result of their wicked behavior. Alternate translation: “Because you have been wicked and unfaithful, I will punish you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 2:19 r6k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys it is wicked and bitter 0 Here the word “bitter” describes “wicked.” Alternate translation: “it is bitterly wicked” or “it is extremely wicked” 2:20 z744 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For I broke your yoke that you had in ancient days; I tore your fetters off you. Still you said, ‘I will not serve!’ 0 Here “broke your yoke” and “tore your fetters off you” are metaphors for setting them free from slavery. The people of Israel had been slaves in Egypt. Alternate translation: “Long ago I released you from slavery, but still you refused to worship me!” 2:20 i6lm fetters 0 chains used to restrain a person or an animal 2:20 e3b8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor since you bowed down on every high hill and beneath every leafy tree, you adulterer 0 What they bowed down to can be stated clearly. Here “adulterer” is a metaphor for someone who is unfaithful to God. Alternate translation: “You bowed down to idols and worshiped them instead of me, like an adulterous wife who is unfaithful to her husband” 2:20 rwq2 beneath 0 below 2:21 ppz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I planted you as a choice vine, completely from pure seed 0 God speaks of making his people into a great nation in Canaan as if they were the seed of a grapevine that he had planted. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, started you with a very good beginning, like a farmer who uses excellent seed to plant the best kind of vine” 2:21 w7eu a choice vine 0 Alternate translation: “a vine of very good quality” 2:21 ys3q completely from pure seed 0 Here “pure seed” is the best seed that has not been mixed with seed that is not good. Alternate translation: “that grew from excellent seed” 2:21 ht1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How then have you have changed yourself into a corrupt, worthless vine? 0 God uses this question to rebuke his people for changing and becoming like a corrupt worthless vine. Alternate translation: “But you have changed yourself into a corrupt, worthless vine!” 2:22 d3qb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” 2:23 njn2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How can you say, ‘I … have not walked after the Baals’? 0 God uses this question to rebuke his people for saying that they have not worshiped the Baals. Alternate translation: “You lie when you say, ‘I … have not walked after the Baals.’ 2:23 ga8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor walked after 0 This is a metaphor for serving or worshiping. 2:23 y5u9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you are a swift female camel running here and there 0 God speaks of Israel worshiping other gods as if they were like a female camel running in different directions looking for a male camel to mate with. Alternate translation: “You are like a swift female camel running back and forth looking for a male camel to mate with” 2:23 uh3n swift 0 able to run quickly 2:24 vc12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a wild donkey accustomed to the wilderness, in her heat sniffing the wind 0 God speaks of Israel worshiping other gods as if they were a wild female donkey running to find male donkeys. Alternate translation: “You are like a young female donkey that lives in the desert. When she wants to mate she is out of control and constantly sniffs the breeze to find a mate” 2:24 ll6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom in her heat 0 This phrase is an idiom referring to the time when a female donkey wants to mate with male donkeys. Alternate translation: “when she wants to mate” 2:24 e3r7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who can restrain her lust? 0 This question is used to emphasize that no one can control a female donkey when she is wants to mate with a male donkey. Alternate translation: “No one can turn her around when she wants to mate.” 2:25 j3xn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You must restrain your feet from becoming bare and your throat from being thirsty! 0 God speaks of Israel wanting to worship other gods as if they were running around in the desert looking for those gods. Alternate translation: “I have told you to stop running here and there chasing after false gods, because all that it does is wear out your sandals and make you very thirsty” 2:25 gpl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit It is hopeless 0 “There is no hope for us to restrain ourselves.” This implies that they cannot stop themselves from running after other gods. Alternate translation: “We cannot stop ourselves” 2:25 zq2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor No, I love strangers and go after them! 0 Here “strangers” represents foreign gods, and “go after them” represents worshiping them. Alternate translation: “We must follow after foreign gods and worship them!’” 2:26 i7vu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” 2:26 amq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom when he is found 0 This idiom means that someone discovers that the person’s actions. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when someone finds him” or “when people know that he has stolen things” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2:26 w6vi they, their kings, their princes, and their priests and prophets 0 This list shows that everyone belonging to Israel will be ashamed. 2:27 yi97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy These are the ones who say to the tree, ‘You are my father,’ and to the stone, ‘You gave birth to me.’ 0 Here “tree” and “stone” represent idols carved from wood and stone. These words emphasize that the idol was made of ordinary things and is not worthy of worship. Alternate translation: “These people are the ones who say to a carved piece of wood, ‘You are my father,’ and to a carved stone, ‘You gave birth to me.’” 2:27 rzb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor their back faces me and not their faces 0 “their backs are toward me; their faces are not toward me.” This represents them rejecting God. Alternate translation: “they have turned away from me” or “they have turned their backs toward me and not their faces” or “they have completely rejected me” 2:27 v294 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Arise and save us 0 It can be made clear that they say this to Yahweh. “Yahweh, come and save us” 2:28 dv1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Yet where are the gods that you made for yourselves? 0 With this question God implies that people should ask the gods they worship to help them. He uses this irony to show that he is angry that they worship other gods. Alternate translation: “You should ask the gods you made to help you.” or “You do not ask the gods you made to help you.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) 2:28 bmg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony Let them arise if they wish to save you in your time of troubles 0 God implies that false gods should help the people who worship them. He knows that false gods cannot help people. When he said this he was using irony to show that he was angry that his people worshiped false gods. Alternate translation: “You do not ask them because know you that they cannot save you in your time of troubles” 2:29 xa5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 2:30 e8re rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They would not accept discipline 0 Here “accept discipline” represents learning from discipline. Alternate translation: “They refused to learn from discipline” or “When I disciplined them, they refused to learn to obey me” 2:30 m3cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Your sword has devoured your prophets like a destructive lion 0 God speaks of the people of Israel killing the prophets as if their sword were a lion that ate the prophets. Alternate translation: “You have killed the prophets brutally with your sword like a destructive lion” 2:30 px12 destructive 0 capable of causing a very large amount of damage 2:31 iyj9 You who belong to this generation! Pay attention to my word, the word of Yahweh 0 The phrase “this generation” refers to the people who lived when Jeremiah lived. Alternate translation: “You who live today, pay attention to what I, Yahweh, say to you” 2:31 egz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Have I been a wilderness to Israel? Or a land of deep darkness? 0 Here “a wilderness” and “a land of deep darkness” are metaphors for danger. God uses this question to rebuke the Israelites for behaving as though he had been dangerous. Alternate translation: “You act as though I have been like a wilderness or a land of deep darkness to you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 2:31 r2gx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why would my people say, ‘Let us wander around, we will not go to you anymore’? 0 God uses this question to rebuke his people for saying this. Alternate translation: “You my people say ‘We can go where we want to go and not worship Yahweh anymore.’” 2:31 c46a wander 0 move around or go to different places usually without any particular purpose or direction 2:32 ajg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis Will a virgin forget her jewelry, a bride her veils 0 The words “will” and “forget” are understood to be part of the second phrase also. Alternate translation: “Will a virgin forget her jewelry, and will a bride forget her veils” 2:32 snl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will a virgin forget her jewelry, a bride her veils? 0 God uses this question to introduce the idea of remembering things that are important to someone. Alternate translation: “You know that a virgin would never forget to put on her jewelry, and a bride would never forget to put on her veils.” 2:32 el7h days without number 0 Alternate translation: “a very long time” 2:33 amu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony How well you make your way to look for love 0 God appears to be praising his people for looking for love, but this is irony. He was showing that he was angry with them for being unfaithful to him. 2:33 sl8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to look for love 0 God speaks of his people worshiping other gods as if they were a woman who is unfaithful to her husband and is looking for other men to love her. 2:33 ymk8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony You have even taught your ways to wicked women 0 God speaks of how unfaithful his people are to him as though they were even teaching prostitutes how to be unfaithful to their husbands and find other men to be their lovers. 2:34 t7iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The blood that was the life of innocent, poor people has been found on your clothes 0 Blood on their clothes was evidence that they had killed people. Alternate translation: “The blood of innocent, poor people on your clothes shows that you are guilty of killing them” or “You are guilty of killing poor and innocent people” 2:34 z8tn The blood that was the life 0 Alternate translation: “The blood that represents the life” 2:34 bb1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive These people were not discovered in acts of burglary 0 If they found people in an act of burglary, this might have been an excuse for killing them. But the people that they murdered were innocent. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You did not discover these people stealing things” or “But you killed them even though they were not even stealing anything” 2:35 w9ip rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification surely his anger has turned away from me 0 Here anger is spoken of as if it were a person that could turn away from Israel. Its turning represents Yahweh’s stopping be angry with Israel. Alternate translation: “surely Yahweh has stopped being angry with me” 2:35 w15i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will bring down judgment on you 0 Here “judgment” represents punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish you” 2:36 vpy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why do you treat so very lightly this change in your ways? 0 Yahweh is scolding the Israelites because they changed from one kingdom to another for help but did not rely on God for help. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2:36 s2aj lightly 0 without care or concern 2:36 gc4f You will also be disappointed by Egypt 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Egypt will also disappoint you” 2:36 jiq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit You will also be disappointed by Egypt 0 The people of Israel will be sad because the army of Egypt will not be able protect them. Alternate translation: “You will be disappointed when Egypt does not protect you” 2:36 f9em rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis just as you were by Assyria 0 The word “disappointed” is understood from the previous phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as you were disappointed by Assyria” or “just as Assyria disappointed you” 2:37 e943 You will also go out from there 0 Alternate translation: “You will go out from Egypt” 2:37 tk5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction with your hands on your head 0 This is a symbol of shame. 2:37 dzs3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive so you will not be helped by them 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so they will not help you” 3:intro v6u2 0 # Jeremiah 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:1–5, 12–17, 19–25.\n\nThe prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 2:1–3:5. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. The same is true for 3:19–4:3. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Judah told to repent\n\nIf Judah repents, God will bring the people back from the captivity into which he is going to send them. In this book, “Israel” serves as another name Judah because the northern kingdom of Israel no longer exists. The people group formed by these ten tribes had been scattered among the other nations by the Assyrians, who had conquered them. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])\n\n### Adultery\n\nJudah’s faithlessness to God is often pictured as adultery. This is a common image in Scripture. When Judah does not worship God, their nation is spoken of as if it were a woman unfaithful to her husband. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]]) 3:1 b8c6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion will he return to her again? 0 God uses this question to remind the people that a man would never return to his wife if another man marries her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “he would not return to her again.” 3:1 wfd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Would that land not be greatly polluted? 0 God uses this question to remind the people that a married man would not return to his wife if she married another man, because he knows that the land would become ceremonially unclean. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He knows that if he did, the land would be greatly polluted.” 3:1 f5ac rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor greatly polluted 0 This is a metaphor for being terribly unacceptable to God. Alternate translation: “completely unacceptable to God” 3:1 j8li rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile You have lived as a prostitute who has many lovers 0 God speaks of Israel worshiping many idols as being like a woman having sex with many men. Alternate translation: “You have given your love and trust to idols the way a prostitute gives her body to men who are not her husband” 3:1 j5dl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 3:2 f7nj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Lift up your eyes 0 Here “your eyes” represents looking at something. Alternate translation: “Look up” 3:2 d2qe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Is there any place where you have not had illicit sex? 0 God speaks of Israel worshiping idols as if they were a woman who had sex with many different men. He uses this question to tell the Israelites that he knows that they have worshiped idols everywhere. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no place where you have not had illicit sex!” or “As a whore sleeps with many men, you have worshiped your idols everywhere!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 3:2 tkw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor By the roadsides you sat waiting for your lovers 0 God speaks of his people being eager to worship any idol as being like a prostitute waiting by the road for any man to come along. Alternate translation: “Like a prostitutes waiting at the roadside for her lovers, you were eager to worship any idol you learned about” 3:2 p75c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile as an Arab in the wilderness 0 God speaks of his people being eager to worship any idol as being like someone in the wilderness waiting for anyone to come along so he could rob them. Alternate translation: “like an Arab in the wilderness waiting for people he might rob” 3:2 h79r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names an Arab in the wilderness 0 An Arab is a person from Arabia. Some Arabs lived as nomads in the desert and would rob others who came near them. Alternate translation: “a nomad in the wilderness” or “a robber in the wilderness” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 3:3 bza8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive So the showers have been withheld 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So I withheld the showers from you” or “So I prevented the rains from falling” 3:3 ry2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you have the forehead of a prostitute 0 The arrogance showing on a person’s face is spoken of as if the face itself were arrogant. Alternate translation: “But the expression on your face shows that you arrogant, like the face of a prostitute” 3:5 gxd9 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThe rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you not” in verse 4 ends here. 3:5 tm6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will he … to the end?’ 0 The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you not” in verse 4 ends here. God uses this question to rebuke his people for calling out to him and saying these things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have just called out to me: ‘My father … youth! Will he … to the end?’” 3:5 ks4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will he always be angry? Will he always keep his wrath to the end? 0 These questions express the people’s hope that God will not be angry with them forever. They can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Surely he will not always be angry. Surely he will not always keep his wrath to the end.” 3:5 ad4m Look! 0 Alternate translation: “pay attention” or “listen” 3:6 q6wm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you see what faithless Israel has done? 0 God uses this question to draw Jeremiah’s attention to Israel’s faithlessness. It can be translated as a command or a statement. Alternate translation: “See how faithless Israel is to me.” or “You see how faithless Israel is to me.” 3:6 pea6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor She has gone up 0 The people of Israel are spoken of as if Israel were a woman. Alternate translation: “Israel’s people have gone up” or “They have gone up” 3:6 q6pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole every high hill and under every leafy tree 0 The tops of hills and under shade trees were common places for people to worship idols. The word “every” is used as a generalization to show that the people were worshiping idols in many different places. 3:6 r3ip rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile she has acted like a prostitute 0 God speaks as of Israel worshiping idols as if she were a woman having sex with many men. Alternate translation: 3:7 wy1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor her faithless sister Judah saw 0 God speaks of Israel and Judah as if they were sisters. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah, who also did not obey me, saw” 3:8 k4ts bill of divorce 0 Something that a man writes to certify that he has divorced his wife. 3:9 l7vx Her prostitution was nothing to her 0 Here prostitution being “nothing” represents Judah not caring about it. Alternate translation: “She did not care about her prostitution” or “She was not ashamed of her prostitution” 3:9 t26n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor she defiled the land 0 Here “defiled” represents making the land unacceptable to God. They did this by sinning against him there when they worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “she made my land no good” 3:9 h9kk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy she committed adultery with stones and trees 0 Here “stones” and “trees” represent the stone and wood material that was used to create idols. The people’s idol worship is spoken of as if they were committing adultery. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 3:10 u38c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 3:11 cnw5 Faithless Israel has been more righteous than faithless Judah! 0 By calling Israel “more righteous” than Judah, God emphasizes that Judah is very guilty. Alternate translation: “Israel has been unfaithful to me, but Judah is even more guilty than Israel” 3:12 nc94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Go and proclaim these words to the north 0 Here the north represents the people of Israel who had been taken north to Assyria. Alternate translation: “Go and proclaim these words to the people of Israel” 3:13 vc3r Acknowledge your iniquity 0 “Admit how you have sinned.” God was speaking to Israel. 3:13 afy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you have shared your ways with strangers under every leafy tree! 0 The word “strangers” refers to foreign gods. God speaks of Israel worshiping foreign gods as if Israel were a woman who was having sex with strangers. 3:13 cyd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole under every leafy tree 0 People would worship idols under trees. The word “every” is a generalization used to show that the people of Israel worshiped many gods under many different trees. 3:13 n89f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 3:14 rfl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am your husband 0 God speaks of Israel belonging to him as if he were Israel’s husband. Alternate translation: “you belong to me as a wife belongs to her husband” 3:15 khd7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will give you shepherds … they will shepherd you 0 Here God speaks of leaders as if they were shepherds and the people they led were sheep. Alternate translation: “I will give you leaders … they will lead you” 3:15 jfu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy shepherds after my heart 0 Here “heart” represents Yahweh’s desire or will. The phrase “after my heart” is an idiom that describes people who do God’s will. Alternate translation: “shepherds who do my will” or “shepherds who do what I want” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 3:16 aah8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will increase and bear fruit 0 The word “you” refers to the people of Israel. The phrase “bear fruit” is a metaphor for having many descendants. Alternate translation: “you will increase greatly in number” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 3:16 dr84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 3:16 p5dj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy This matter will no longer come up in their hearts 0 Here “come up in their hearts” represents thinking about it. Alternate translation: “They will no longer think of this matter” 3:17 i1da rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy This is Yahweh’s throne 0 Here “Yahweh’s throne” represents the place from where Yahweh rules. Alternate translation: “This is from where Yahweh rules” 3:17 m3kn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They will no longer walk in the stubbornness of their wicked hearts 0 Yahweh speaks of people’s actions as if the people were walking along a path. Here the word “hearts” represents their minds or wills. Alternate translation: “They will no longer stubbornly do the wicked things that they want to do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 3:18 nc4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the house of Judah will walk with the house of Israel 0 Here “walk with” represents being united. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah will be united with the people of Israel” 3:18 gyl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Judah 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” 3:18 f85t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” 3:18 ni8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the land that I gave your ancestors as an inheritance 0 God speaks of giving them the land to possess forever as if it were an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land that I gave to your ancestors so that it would belong to their descendants forever” 3:19 mwz9 As for me 0 the word “me” refers to Yahweh 3:19 x77q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations How I want to treat you as my son … nation 0 This is an exclamation that expresses God’s desire. Alternate translation: “I want so much to treat you as my son … nation” 3:19 fll8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile I want to treat you as my son 0 God speaks of Israel as if Israel were his son. 3:19 h67j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor an inheritance more beautiful 0 God speaks of the land he wanted to give to Israel as if it were an inheritance. 3:20 p93d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile But like a woman faithless to her husband, you have betrayed me 0 God speaks of Israel being unfaithful to him as if she were an unfaithful wife. 3:20 ay61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “kingdom of Israel” or “people of Israel” 3:20 y4z7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 3:21 jt6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive A voice is heard 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People hear a noise” 3:21 n3ty the weeping and pleading of the people of Israel 0 Alternate translation: “the people of Israel crying and begging loudly” 3:21 kza9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they have forgotten Yahweh their God 0 Here “have forgotten” represents neglecting or ignoring. Alternate translation: “They have ignored Yahweh their God” 3:22 y37e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will heal you of treachery! 0 This could mean: (1) “heal you of treachery” represents causing Israel to stop being unfaithful to God. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to stop being unfaithful to me” or (2) “heal you of treachery” represents forgiving Israel for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: “I will forgive your treachery” 3:22 n26k heal you of treachery 0 Alternate translation: “heal you so you will stop being unfaithful to me” 3:22 z8l6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis Behold! We will come to you 0 It is understood that this is what the people of Israel will say. Alternate translation: “The people will reply, ‘Behold! We will come to you” or “You will say “Behold! We will come to you” 3:22 t3nz Behold 0 Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important” 3:23 az6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Surely lies come from the hills 0 Here “the hills” represent the people’s worship of false gods on the hills. The people now realize that those false gods could not guide and help them. Alternate translation: “The false gods that we worshiped on the hills could not guide us” 3:23 uic1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a confusing noise from the mountains 0 People made a lot of noise on the hills and mountains when they worshiped false gods. Alternate translation: “We made a confusing noise on the mountains while we worshiped them, but they did not help us” 3:23 n3uy surely Yahweh our God is the salvation of Israel 0 Alternate translation: “surely Yahweh our God is the savior of Israel” or “surely Yahweh our God is the only one who can save Israel” 3:24 q1yv their flocks and cattle, their sons and daughters 0 This is a list of animals and people that the people of Israel had killed and offered to the idols. 3:25 qy9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Let us lie down in shame. May our shame cover us 0 These phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that the people are fully aware of their shameful behavior. Alternate translation: “Let us be completely humiliated” 3:25 ny7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor May our shame cover us 0 Being fully aware of their shame is spoken of as if shame were covering them like a blanket or a garment. 3:25 x6vr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor from the time of our youthfulness 0 This could mean: (1) “the time of our youthfulness” refers to when each person was young. Alternate translation: “from when we were young” or (2) “the time of our youthfulness” is a metaphor that refers to when Israel was first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: “from when we were first becoming a nation” 3:25 u638 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy have not listened to the voice of Yahweh our God 0 Here “listened” represents obeying, and “the voice of Yahweh” represents what Yahweh has said. Alternate translation: “have not obeyed what Yahweh our God has said” 4:intro yf6n 0 # Jeremiah 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 4:1–9.\n\nThe prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 3:19–4:3. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s punishment\nThis chapter prophecies Yahweh’s punishment on Judah. This should bring Judah to repentance, but it does not. It is also intended to make the nations fear the power of Yahweh and make them desire to worship him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) 4:1 nmt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy then it should be to me that you return 0 This could mean: (1) this is a command that emphasizes who they should return to. Alternate translation: “then come back to me” or “then worship me” (2) this is a repetition of the first phrase, which expresses a condition. Alternate translation: “if you will come back to me” or “if you will start worshiping me again” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 4:1 q5zm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy If you remove your detestable things from before me 0 Here “detestable things” refers to idols, which God hates. Alternate translation: “If you remove your disgusting idols from my presence” 4:1 g7zg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor do not wander from me again 0 Here “wander” is a metaphor for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: “if you remain faithful to me” 4:2 qu22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom As Yahweh lives 0 “As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” 4:2 i2an rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the nations will bless themselves in him 0 Here “the nations” is a metonym for people of other nations. The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Since Yahweh is speaking, it can also be translated as “me.” Alternate translation: “people of other nations will bless themselves in me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) 4:2 hbb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the nations will bless themselves in him 0 Here “bless themselves in him” is a metonym for asking Yahweh to bless them. Alternate translation: “the people of the nations will ask Yahweh to bless them” 4:2 nkf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person in him they will glory 0 The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Since Yahweh is speaking, “him” can also be translated as “me.” Alternate translation: “they will boast in me” or “they will praise me” 4:3 u4kd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Plow your own ground, and do not sow among thorns 0 Yahweh tells the people to prepare their lives like a farmer prepares the ground for planting. 4:4 wva4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Circumcise yourselves to Yahweh, and remove the foreskins of your heart 0 Yahweh describes the people’s devotion to him in terms of the physical sign of covenant. Alternate translation: “Dedicate yourselves completely to Yahweh” 4:4 pp1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Circumcise yourselves … remove the foreskins of your heart 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the command. 4:4 kf3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile my fury will break out like fire, and burn with no one to quench it 0 Yahweh speaks of becoming extremely angry as if his anger were fire. Alternate translation: “my anger will burn like a fire and no one will be able to stop it” or “I will be extremely angry, and no one will be able to stop me” 4:4 tw9h fury 0 Alternate translation: “great anger” 4:5 e8kp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Report in Judah and let it be heard in Jerusalem 0 These phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the command. 4:5 j19h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive let it be heard in Jerusalem 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “cause the people in Jerusalem to hear it” 4:5 lrv2 Blow the trumpet in the land 0 The trumpet would warn the people that their enemies were coming to attack them. 4:5 n1n6 Let us go to the fortified cities 0 They would go to the fortified cities for protection from their enemies. 4:6 tf7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet disaster … a great collapse 0 These words mean basically the same thing. The phrase “a great collapse” defines what the “disaster” will be. 4:6 xug6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor for I am bringing disaster from the north and a great collapse 0 This represents God sending an army from the north to cause disaster and destruction in Judah. Alternate translation: “for I will cause an army from the north to come and destroy you” 4:6 d4sz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the north 0 This represents an enemy army that would come from the north. 4:7 a149 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A lion is coming 0 God speaks of a powerful army as if it were a fierce lion. Alternate translation: “A powerful and merciless army approaches” 4:7 myr9 thicket 0 a set of bushes that grew closely together 4:7 lwr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche someone who will destroy nations 0 Here “someone” represents a king and his army. 4:7 w16d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom is setting out 0 This idiom refers to starting to move. Alternate translation: “is starting to march” 4:7 cix1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to bring horror to your land 0 This represents destroying the land, which would cause people who see it to be horrified. Alternate translation: “to destroy your land” 4:8 q3kk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction wrap yourself in sackcloth 0 People would wear sackcloth to show that they were very sad. In this context it would be to show that they were very sorry for the bad things they had done. Alternate translation: “put on the clothes that show you are mourning” 4:8 j7pi wail 0 cry loudly 4:8 pwd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For the force of Yahweh’s anger has not turned away from us 0 Anger is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could turn away from people. Here “Yahweh’s anger has not turned away from us” means that Yahweh is still very angry with the people. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is still very angry with us” 4:9 l39s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hearts of the king and his officials will die 0 Here “hearts” represent courage. Also “the hearts … will die” represents losing courage and being afraid. Alternate translation: “the king and his officials will stop being courageous” or “the king and his officials will be terrified” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 4:10 u3zu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the sword is striking against their life 0 Here enemies being ready to kill people is spoken of as if the sword was a person striking at people. Alternate translation: “our enemies are ready to slaughter us with their swords” 4:11 eaf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it will be said 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will say” 4:11 l2gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor burning wind from the plains 0 Here a “burning wind” represents a fierce and merciless enemy. 4:11 apu1 will make its way 0 Alternate translation: “will travel” or “will rush” 4:11 c8vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the daughter of my people 0 Yahweh shows his love for his people by speaking of them as a daughter. Alternate translation: “my people, who are like a daughter to me” or “my dear people” 4:11 y4pq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet It will not winnow or cleanse them 0 The words “winnow” and “cleanse” refer to blowing away the useless skins from grain. Only a light wind was needed for that. Alternate translation: “It will not be a light wind for blowing the chaff away from the grain” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 4:12 xws1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A wind far stronger than that 0 far stronger than the “burning wind” of verse 11. The wind is a metaphor for a fierce and merciless enemy. 4:12 s27n will come at my command 0 Alternate translation: “will come when I command it to come” 4:12 rx21 at my command 0 This expression in Hebrew is interpreted by some modern versions as “for me” or “from me.” 4:12 y377 pass sentence against them 0 Alternate translation: “announce their punishment” 4:13 t3g7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile See, he is attacking like clouds 0 The word “he” refers to the enemy king and his army. The great size of the army is spoken of as if they were giant storm clouds. Alternate translation: “See, great armies like giant clouds are gathering to attack” or “See, great armies are gathering to attack” 4:13 y26t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile his chariots are like a storm 0 The enemies’ chariots are spoken of as if they were like a storm. Storms can be noisy, destructive, and fast-moving. Alternate translation: “the roar of their chariots coming is like a fierce storm” 4:13 pd5b Woe to us 0 Alternate translation: “This is terrible” 4:13 rkz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive for we will be devastated 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for they will devastate us” or “for they will destroy us all” 4:14 n8cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Cleanse your heart from wickedness, Jerusalem 0 This is a warning to the people living in Jerusalem to repent. “Cleanse your heart” is a metaphor for removing evil from their lives. Alternate translation: “People of Jerusalem, stop being evil” or “People of Jerusalem, stop living wickedly” 4:14 wj5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How long will your deepest thoughts be about how to sin? 0 This question is used to rebuke the people for always planning how to sin. Alternate translation: “Your deepest thoughts are about how to sin!” or “You are always thinking about how to sin!” 4:15 ri3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche a voice is bringing news from Dan 0 Here “a voice” represents a messenger. Alternate translation: “a messenger comes and tells about what is happening in Dan” 4:15 w5rx Dan 0 This probably refers to the region of Dan, which was west of Jerusalem. 4:15 mu7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the coming disaster is heard from the mountains of Ephraim 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people hear about the disaster that is coming from Ephraim” 4:15 t4qv from Dan … mountains of Ephraim 0 By hearing that the enemies had gotten to Dan and Ephraim, people in Jerusalem would understand that the enemies were getting closer to them. 4:16 e4lv besiegers are coming 0 Besiegers are soldiers who surround a city in order to keep the people in the city from being able to get supplies of food and water. 4:17 b2nh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile They will be like the watchmen of a cultivated field against her all around 0 Carefully guarding a city to keep people from going in and out is spoken of as if they are carefully watching a field to keep people from stealing from it. Alternate translation: “they will guard Jerusalem carefully like watchmen who carefully guard a cultivated field” 4:17 vj61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification against her all around 0 The word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Jerusalem was often spoken of as if it were a woman. 4:18 vwi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification your conduct and your deeds have done these things to you 0 Here “conduct” and “deeds” are spoken of as if they are people that could do things. These abstract nouns can be expressed with the phrase “what you have done.” Alternate translation: “These things are happening to you because of what you have done” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 4:18 xek6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor It will strike your very heart 0 Here “heart” probably refers to the emotions, and “strike your very heart” probably refers to causing them to suffer terribly. Alternate translation: “It will be as if it strikes your very heart” or “It will cause you to suffer terrible anguish” 4:19 yrw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy My heart! My heart! 0 Here “heart” represents painful emotions, such as grief and fear. The phrase is repeated to express the intensity of the pain. 4:19 zw89 I am in anguish in my heart 0 The speaker feels severe emotional pain that causes severe physical pain. 4:19 l92y My heart is turbulent within me 0 “My heart is beating wildly.” Here “heart” refers to the body part. It is turbulent because it is beating much stronger and faster than normal. 4:19 a6je turbulent 0 full of confusion, violence, or disorder; not stable or steady 4:20 eaz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Suddenly my tents are destroyed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Enemies have suddenly destroyed my tents” 4:20 edb5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis my curtains in a moment 0 The words “are destroyed” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “my curtains are destroyed in a moment” 4:20 b4gs my curtains 0 Curtains are cloths that are hung to separate the rooms in the tents. 4:21 k2xu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How long will I see the standard? Will I hear the sound of the horn? 0 Jeremiah uses these questions to show his distress about seeing the battle flag and hearing the sound of the horn for such a long time. He wishes that the battle would end soon. It can be stated as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Oh, how I wish that the battle would end, and the flag would be lowered, and the sound of the army’s horn would stop” 4:21 cy1e the standard 0 Alternate translation: “the battle flag” 4:21 bdm1 the sound of the horn 0 Someone would blow the horn as a signal for battle. 4:22 q9tl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit For the foolishness of my people … do not know to do good. 0 It can be stated clearly that Yahweh says this. This is probably his reply to Jeremiah, telling why the battle is still happening. Alternate translation: “Yahweh replied, ‘It is because of the foolishness of my people … do not know to do good.’” 4:22 ci3d idiotic people 0 Alternate translation: “stupid people” 4:23 lj51 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah describes a vision that God gave him about things that would happen later. 4:23 r4yf Behold 0 The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. 4:23 p6iz formless and empty 0 This vision is a prophecy of what the land of Israel would be like after the people were all taken into captivity. 4:23 ex8r there was no light for the heavens 0 Alternate translation: “there were no lights in the sky” 4:26 y7ek all the cities had been pulled down 0 Alternate translation: “all the cities had been destroyed” or “all the cities were a heap of ruins” 4:26 zkf9 before Yahweh, before the fury of his wrath 0 This indicates that all these things would happen because Yahweh was so angry with the people of Judah. 4:27 zmu6 All the land will become a devastation 0 Alternate translation: “All the land of Judah will be devastated” or “all the land of Judah will be ruined” 4:28 a8f6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the land will mourn, and the heavens above will darken 0 Jeremiah emphasizes Yahweh’s judgment by saying that the earth itself expresses great sorrow. 4:28 p7nd I will not hold back 0 Alternate translation: “I will not change my mind” 4:28 nz7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will not turn from carrying them out 0 Here “turn” represents deciding not to do what he said he would do. Alternate translation: “I will not change my mind about doing what I said I would do” or “I will not refuse to do what I planned to do” 4:29 s7su rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Every city 0 Here “city” represents the people living in the city. Alternate translation: “The people of every city” 4:29 w9pv cavalry 0 a group of soldiers riding horses 4:29 q17v they will run into the forests 0 They will run away to the forests for safety. 4:29 v4z8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism The cities will be abandoned, for there will be no one to inhabit them 0 These two clauses have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. Alternate translation: “The cities will be empty. There will be no one left to live in them” 4:30 dp7c 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh speaks of the people of Judah as if they were a prostitute because they were unfaithful to him by worshiping other gods. 4:30 n253 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues speaking to Judah. 4:30 cmv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Now that you have been devastated, what will you do? 0 This question is used to tell the people of Judah that there is nothing they can do to help themselves. Alternate translation: “Now that your enemies have devastated you, there is nothing you can do to find help. 4:30 r96u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit you dress in scarlet … gold jewelry … eyes … with paint 0 God speaks of the people of Judah as if they were a prostitute making herself look beautiful in order to attract men to her. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Like a prostitute you dress in scarlet … good jewelry … eyes … with paint” 4:30 qfd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you dress in scarlet 0 Here “scarlet” represents expensive, red clothing. Alternate translation: “you wear expensive red clothing” 4:30 r71v adorn yourself with gold jewelry 0 Alternate translation: “you put on gold jewelry” 4:30 z4md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor men who lusted for you now reject you 0 God speaks of the nations that Judah had depended on for wealth and business as if they were men who lusted after Judah. Those nations would reject Judah when they see God’s judgment. 4:30 vu5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy they are trying to take away your life 0 Here “trying to take your life away” represents trying to kill the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “They are trying to kill you” 4:31 fqh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile distress as in the birth 0 This simile is used to show how greatly distressed Judah will be. Alternate translation: “severe distress as in the pain and suffering a woman has while giving birth” 4:31 l6l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the daughter of Zion 0 God shows his love for the people of Jerusalem by speaking of them as a daughter. Alternate translation: “my dear daughter, Zion” 4:31 j9ka Woe to me 0 Alternate translation: “I am in great danger” 4:31 r56w I am fainting 0 Alternate translation: “I am becoming weak” 5:intro hq1g 0 # Jeremiah 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 5:1–31.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Hyperbole\n\nIt is possible that Yahweh is using the word “a” (meaning “even one”) as hyperbole when he states, “If you can find a man or anyone who is acting justly and trying to act faithfully, then I will forgive Jerusalem.” The purpose of this is to show how evil Jerusalem had become. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nYahweh asks several rhetorical questions in this chapter. This is intended to show Jeremiah the justness of his actions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 5:1 wtq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 5:1 a164 Rush about through the streets 0 Alternate translation: “Go quickly through the streets” 5:1 ig3t Then look and think about this 0 Alternate translation: “look and find out” 5:1 qf12 city squares 0 broad and open places in a city where people can gather 5:1 rhm7 who is acting justly 0 Alternate translation: “who does what is just” 5:2 y47l Although they say 0 The word “they” refers to the people of Jerusalem. 5:2 ey96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom As Yahweh lives 0 “as surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” 5:3 cl5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion do your eyes not look for faithfulness? 0 Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that what Yahweh really wants is faithfulness. Wanting people to be faithful is spoken of as looking for faithfulness. Alternate translation: “you look for faithfulness.” or “you want people to be faithful.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 5:3 dma9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You struck the people, but they do not feel pain. 0 God punished his people in various ways. Here it is spoken of as if he hit them. Alternate translation: “You punish the people, but they do not pay attention” 5:3 bwd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they still refuse to receive discipline 0 Here “to receive discipline” represents learning from discipline to do what is right. Alternate translation: “they still refuse to learn their lesson” 5:3 v9en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy They make their faces harder than rock 0 Hard faces represents the expression on their faces that shows that they are stubborn. The simile “harder than rock” shows that the people are extremely stubborn. Alternate translation: “They are extremely stubborn” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 5:4 ty12 So I said 0 Jeremiah is speaking. 5:5 mu9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor But they all broke their yoke together; they all tore apart the chains that bound them to God. 0 The yoke and chains represent the law which bind God and his people. 5:6 d8ks rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor So a lion … A wolf … A lurking panther 0 These are dangerous animals that can kill people. This could mean: (1) this really is about wild animals killing people or (2) these wild animals are metaphors for enemy armies. 5:6 ei8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor So a lion … A wolf … A lurking panther … torn apart 0 One possible meaning is that these are metaphors for enemy armies who will attack Judah. Alternate translation: “Like a lion from the thicket, a wolf from the Arabah, and a lurking panther, enemy armies will come against their cities, attack them, and destroy them. Anyone who goes outside his city will be killed” 5:6 qkm7 thicket 0 a set of bushes that grew closely together. 5:6 a7xd wolf 0 a large wild dangerous dog 5:6 nb63 lurking 0 watching for an opportunity to attack 5:6 jm2c panther 0 a large wild dangerous cat 5:6 eb17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns For their transgressions increase 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **transgressions**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “sin.” Alternate translation: “For they sin much” 5:6 bl92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Their acts of faithlessness are unlimited 0 The abstract nouns in “acts of faithlessness” can be translated as “the faithless things they do.” Alternate translation: “The faithless things they do are many” or “They do many faithless things” 5:7 tgq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why should I pardon these people? 0 Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he has no reason to pardon these people. Alternate translation: “Because of the things that they do, I cannot pardon these people.” 5:7 i1na these people 0 the people of Jerusalem 5:7 duz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Your sons 0 Yahweh is speaking to Jerusalem as though she were a woman who had children. Jerusalem’s “sons” represent the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem” 5:7 mvg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I fed them fully 0 Providing all they needed is spoken of as feeding them. Alternate translation: “I gave them everything they needed” 5:7 cc9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they committed adultery and walked in great numbers to the houses of prostitutes 0 This may be a metaphor for being unfaithful to God and worshiping idols, but idol worship also included prostitution. Alternate translation: “they were unfaithful to me and went in large numbers to the houses of prostitutes” 5:7 vq87 walked in great numbers to the houses of prostitutes 0 Alternate translation: “went in large groups to the houses of prostitutes” or “large groups of them went to the houses of prostitutes” 5:8 m3wt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They were horses in heat … neighed to his neighbor’s wife 0 Because the God speaks of them as if they were horses that wanted to mate with other horses. Alternate translation: “They were like horses in heat … neighed to his neighbor’s wife” 5:8 yq1u in heat 0 ready to mate 5:8 u1ts mate 0 when animals breed to reproduce 5:8 hgv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Each man neighed to his neighbor’s wife 0 Male horses neigh loudly to female horses when they want to mate with them. Alternate translation: “Like horses who mate with more than one horse, these men wanted to sleep with other men’s wives” 5:9 i5z2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion So should I not punish them … and should I not avenge myself on a nation that is like this? 0 Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will no have mercy but will punish them. Alternate translation: “Because they do these things, I will punish them … I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.” 5:9 l377 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 5:10 rwg3 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to speak. Here he speaks to the enemies of Israel. 5:10 uh17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Go up onto her vineyards’ terraces 0 In verses 10–13 Yahweh speaks to Israel’s enemies. This can be made clear in the quotation. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Israel, go up onto her vineyards’ terraces” 5:10 tnx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Go up onto her vineyards’ terraces and destroy 0 Yahweh speaks of Israel and Judah as if they were a vineyard and the people there were vines. Alternate translation: “Go up into Israel and Judah, which are like a vineyard to me, and destroy them” 5:10 q848 do not bring complete destruction to them 0 Alternate translation: “do not completely destroy them” 5:10 dtf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Trim their vines, since those vines do not come from Yahweh 0 The word “their” refers to the vineyards. Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel and Judah as if they were vines. Alternate translation: “like farmers who trim the vines of a vineyard, you must remove many of the people of Israel and Judah, because they do not belong to Yahweh” 5:11 r8hw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy For the houses of Israel and Judah 0 The word “house” is a metonym for a person’s descendants. In this case it refers to the people of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. Alternate translation: “For the people of Israel and Judah” 5:11 b2gh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 5:12 hy7p They have spoken falsely about Yahweh and they said 0 Alternate translation: “They have spoken falsely about Yahweh by saying” 5:12 i2ai rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism no harm will come upon us, and we will not see sword or famine 0 These two sentences say the same thing, the second is more specific than the first. 5:12 b9kn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom no harm will come upon us 0 The idiom “come upon us” means “happen to us.” Alternate translation: “No harm will happen to us” or “no one will harm us” 5:12 g399 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor we will not see sword or famine 0 Here “see” is a metaphor for experience, and “sword” is a metonym for war. Alternate translation: “we will not experience war or famine” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 5:13 b87v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The prophets will become wind 0 Here “prophets” is a metonym that represents what the prophets say, and “wind” is a metaphor for something that does not do anything. Alternate translation: “The prophets words are just noisy wind” or “The prophets make noise like the wind, but what they prophesy will not happen” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 5:13 z6ye rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the word is not in them 0 Here “the word” refers to God’s message. Alternate translation: “God’s message is not in them” or “the messages that they speak are not from God” 5:13 nhv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit so let what they say be done to them 0 It can be stated clearly what kinds of things the prophets were talking about. Alternate translation: “so let the harm that the prophets talk about come to them” or “since the prophets say that bad things will happen to us, let those bad things happen to the prophets” 5:14 r6t4 Because you 0 The word “you” refers to the people of Israel and Judah. 5:14 x6w7 have said this 0 See what the people said in [Jeremiah 5:12](../05/12.md). 5:14 pet2 see 0 Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you” 5:14 e41j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am about to place my word in your mouth 0 Here “place my word in your mouth” represents causing Jeremiah to speak God’s message. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to speak my message” 5:14 bax7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile It will be like a fire, and this people will be like wood 0 Yahweh speaks of his message as if it were a fire, and of his people as if they were wood. 5:14 th8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For it will consume them 0 “For my message will consume them.” Yahweh’s message was about how he would punish his people, so he speaks as if his message would destroy them as a fire destroys wood. Alternate translation: “For when you speak my message, it will destroy the people of Israel as fire destroys wood” 5:15 hr3d against you 0 “to attack you.” The word “you” refers to the people of Israel. 5:15 w6v8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet it is a lasting nation, an ancient nation 0 These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how long the nation has existed. This refers to the nation from far away that Yahweh will bring against Israel. Alternate translation: “it is a very old and enduring nation” 5:15 f6kv a lasting nation 0 Alternate translation: “an enduring nation” or “a very strong nation” 5:15 c9wc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism It is a nation whose language you do not know, nor will you understand what they say 0 These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the Israelites do not know the language of those people. It may imply that the Israelites have not had much contact with them. Alternate translation: “It is a nation whose language you will not understand at all” 5:16 ub23 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. 5:16 yjs1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Its quiver … They are all soldiers 0 Here “Its quiver” represents the enemy nation’s army, and the arrows in the quiver represent the soldiers in the army. 5:16 a4wr quiver 0 a container for holding arrows 5:16 nsx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Its quiver is like an open tomb 0 An open tomb is one that is prepared to have many dead bodies put in it. The enemy army will kill many people. Alternate translation: “That nation’s army will use their arrows and kill many people” or “Because of the arrows of its army, many people will die and be buried” 5:17 x18i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor So your harvest will be consumed, your sons and daughters also, and your food 0 This could mean: (1) their harvest and their food that was for their sons and daughters would be consumed. Alternate translation: “So your harvest and your food for your sons and daughters will be consumed” or (2) their harvest, sons and daughters, and food would all be consumed. The idea of the sons and daughters being “consumed” would be a metaphor for killed. Alternate translation: “So your harvest and your food will be consumed, and your sons and daughters will be killed” 5:17 ty62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive So your harvest will be consumed 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the army of that nation will eat the food that you expected to harvest” 5:17 ycw1 your sons and daughters also, and your food 0 This could mean: (1) the enemies would eat the food that the sons and daughters should eat, or (2) the enemies will destroy the sons and daughters and eat the food. 5:17 e76e They will eat 0 The word “They” refers to the army of that nation. 5:17 aj2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche They will beat down with a sword your fortified cities 0 The sword is a synecdoche for all of the different weapons that people use in war. Alternate translation: “They will use their weapons to conquer your strong cities that you trusted to protect you” 5:17 fe1b your fortified cities 0 Fortified cities had a wall around them to protect the people inside from their enemies outside. 5:17 evt5 that you trusted in 0 Alternate translation: “that you thought were strong enough to keep you safe” 5:18 hp6x Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Jeremiah. 5:18 fq65 do not intend to destroy 0 Alternate translation: “will not destroy” 5:19 v6cs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit done all these things to us 0 The phrase “these things” refers to sending armies to attack them. Alternate translation: “done all these things to harm us” or “sent foreign armies to attack us” 5:19 f6pe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Just as you … served foreign gods in your land, so you must also serve strangers 0 Here “served foreign gods” represents worshiping foreign gods. God would punish them for serving foreign gods by making them serve foreign people. Alternate translation: “Because you … worshiped foreign gods in your land, you will have to serve foreigners” 5:20 h8i5 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. 5:20 i1qw Report this 0 Alternate translation: “Tell this” 5:20 x88v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Jacob 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob’s descendants. Translate “house of Jacob” as in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob” 5:20 c3ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive let it be heard in Judah 0 This can be expressed in active from. Alternate translation: “Let those in Judah hear it” or “announce it in Judah” 5:21 huc3 who have no understanding 0 Alternate translation: “who do not understand” or “who understand nothing” 5:21 iqw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you cannot see 0 Here “cannot see” is a metonym for not understanding. Alternate translation: “you do not understand” 5:21 h6v9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you cannot hear 0 Here “cannot hear” represents not understanding. “Alternate translation: “you do not understand” 5:22 y6ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you not fear me … face? 0 Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people are extremely foolish because they do not fear Yahweh. Alternate translation: “It is foolish that you do not fear me … face!” 5:22 u7l9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit or tremble before my face 0 The trembling would be because of fear, and being “before my face” represents being aware of who God is. Alternate translation: “or shake with fear because of me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 5:22 l6nf I have placed a border of sand against the sea 0 Alternate translation: “I placed the sand as the border for the sea” 5:22 l23z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor an ongoing decree that it does not violate 0 God speaks of the ocean not going past the border of sand as if the border were a law, and as if the ocean were a person who obeys the law. Alternate translation: “an everlasting limit that it cannot cross” 5:22 ayh2 rises and falls 0 Alternate translation: “moves back and forth” 5:22 kd3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor it does not violate it 0 “the ocean does not violate my decree.” God speaks of ocean not going past the border of sand as if the border were a law, and as if the ocean were a person who obeys the law. Alternate translation: “it does not succeed in going past the border” 5:23 l32t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor this people has a stubborn heart. It turns 0 The people’s heart represents their attitude toward God. If Yahweh is speaking to the people, this can also be expressed with the word “you.” Alternate translation: “but you people have a stubborn heart. You turn” or “but you people are stubborn. You turn” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) 5:23 cf4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor It turns away in rebellion and goes away 0 The word “it” refers to the people. Here “goes away” represents disobeying God. Alternate translation: “They rebel and disobey me” 5:24 s5r8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they do not say in their hearts 0 Here “their hearts” represent their thoughts, and “say” represents thinking. Alternate translation: “they do not think” 5:24 k3at rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest for us 0 Here “keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest” represents making sure that those weeks happen at the right time. Alternate translation: “making sure for us that the weeks of harvest happen when they are supposed to” 5:25 g8i4 Your iniquities 0 The word “Your” refers to the descendants of Jacob and the people of Judah. 5:25 kl5g these things 0 This refers to the rains and the harvests. 5:25 th39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Your sins have stopped good from coming to you 0 Good things “coming” represents good things happening. “Because of your sins, good things have stopped happening to you” 5:26 x9gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive For wicked men are found with my people 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “For I have found wicked men among my people” 5:26 zk7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile They watch as someone crouches to capture birds 0 God speaks of wicked people wanting to harm someone as if they were waiting to capture birds. Alternate translation: “Like someone hiding and waiting to capture birds” 5:26 rv4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they set a trap and catch people 0 God speaks of wicked people intentionally harming others as if they were setting a trap. Alternate translation: “They set things up so that they can take advantage of people” 5:27 qx63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like a cage full of birds, their houses are full of deceit 0 Here “deceit” represents the things that were taken by deceit. Alternate translation: Like a cage full of birds that a hunter has caught, wicked people’s houses are full of things that they have taken by deceiving people (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 5:27 ktf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they grow large and become rich 0 Here “large” represents powerful. Alternate translation: “these wicked people become powerful and rich” 5:28 cw6j they shine with well-being 0 This could mean: (1) their skin shines because of the healthy food they eat, or (2) their body is smooth because of the muscle and fat between their bones and skin. It indicates that they eat well. 5:28 plb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They crossed over all bounds of wickedness 0 Doing all kinds of wicked things is spoken of as if there were a boundary separating some wicked things from things that are even more wicked. Alternate translation: “They do all kinds of wicked things” or “They even do the most wicked things” 5:28 mc4l They do not plead the cause of the people, or the cause of the orphan 0 Alternate translation: “They do not plead with the rulers to give the people and the orphans what they need” or “They do not plead with the rulers to give justice to the people and the orphans” 5:28 fdb8 they have not given justice to the needy 0 Alternate translation: “they have not helped the needy by doing what is just for them” 5:29 pah8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should I not punish … a nation like this? 0 Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will no have mercy but will punish them. See how you translated a similar sentence in [Jeremiah 5:9](../05/09.md). Alternate translation: “So I will punish them, this is Yahweh’s declaration. I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.” 5:29 s1ep rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 5:30 jnz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Atrocities and horrors have occurred 0 This can be stated more actively. Alternate translation: “People do terrible and horrible things” 5:30 a5il rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in the land 0 Here “the land” refers to the land of Israel.’ Alternate translation: “in the land of Israel” 5:31 m6tl The prophets prophesy with deceit, and the priests rule with their own power 0 These are the atrocities and horrors that are spoken of in verse 30. 5:31 jd9n The prophets prophesy with deceit 0 Alternate translation: “The prophets prophesy lies” or “The prophets tell lies when they prophesy” 5:31 md9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the priests rule with their own power 0 This could mean: (1) the priests do not submit to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “the priests rule by their own authority” or (2) the priests rule according to the directions of the prophets 5:31 lf6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion but what will happen in the end? 0 “but what will you do at the end of all of this?” Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people will regret being wicked when he punishes them for it. Alternate translation: “but in the end I will punish you and you will be regret your wicked behavior” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 6:intro f4ic 0 # Jeremiah 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 6:1–30.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Gods and battle\n\nIn the ancient Near East, it was commonly believed that a nation’s gods were responsible for military victory. It may have been believed that a god would not defend an evil city. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) 6:1 h511 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh is speaking. 6:1 f21l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Find safety … by leaving Jerusalem 0 Here “Find safety” represents doing what they can in order to be safe. Alternate translation: “Be safe … by leaving Jerusalem” or “Leave Jerusalem … so that you can be safe” 6:1 a8g6 people of Benjamin 0 This is who Yahweh was speaking to. 6:1 h78h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Blow a trumpet in Tekoa 0 A trumpet is used as a warning that people will be attacked. Alternate translation: “Blow a trumpet in Tekoa to warn the people that they will be attacked” 6:1 v1e9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tekoa 0 This is the name of a town about 18 kilometers south of Jerusalem. The name means “a horn for blowing.” 6:1 m5nz Raise up over Beth Hakkerem a signal 0 This could mean: (1) the signal is smoke from a fire. Alternate translation: “Light a fire to send up smoke at Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming” or (2) the signal is a flag. Alternate translation: “Raise up a flag over the town of Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming” 6:1 cj9u Beth Hakkerem 0 the name of a town about 10 kilometers south of Jerusalem. The name means “the place of the vineyard.” 6:1 fa2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy wickedness is appearing from the north 0 Here “wickedness” represents disaster and the people who will cause it. Alternate translation: “enemies will come from the north and cause disaster to happen to you” or “enemies coming from the north will destroy you” 6:1 sub6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a great crushing is coming 0 How the crushing will come can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Enemies will come and crush you” or “Enemies will come and destroy you” 6:2 cw79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The daughter of Zion, the beautiful and delicate woman 0 Zion is another name for Jerusalem. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as though it were a woman. He speaks of it as a daughter to show his love for Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “My dear Zion, which is like a beautiful and delicate woman” or “My dear Zion” 6:3 l12q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The shepherds and their flocks will go to them 0 Kings were often spoken of as shepherds of their people. Alternate translation: “The kings and their soldiers will go to them” 6:3 j632 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they will set up tents against her all around 0 The phrase “against her” means “in order to attack Zion.” Alternate translation: “they will set up tents all around Zion in order to attack it” 6:3 g9el rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy each man will shepherd 0 God speaks of kings leading their armies to destroy the land, as if they were shepherds leading their sheep to eat grass. Alternate translation: “like a shepherd each king will lead his army” or “each king will lead his army” 6:3 uz2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor with his own hand 0 Here “hand” represents the portion of something someone his assigned to take in his hand. Here it refers to the portion of land the king is assigned to conquer. Alternate translation: “and conquer his portion of the land” 6:4 u13f 0 # General Information:\n\nA king from the attacking army is speaking to the men under his control. 6:4 ejj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Dedicate yourselves 0 It can be stated clearly that the kings say this. Alternate translation: “The kings say to their armies, ‘Dedicate yourselves” 6:4 am3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Dedicate yourselves to the gods for the battle 0 The attacking army tries to ensure that their gods will help them during the war by performing ceremonies and making sacrifices to them. Alternate translation: “Prepare for war by purifying yourselves and sacrificing to the gods” 6:4 l529 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Arise, let us attack 0 To arise or stand up is a metaphor for no longer watching and thinking and instead beginning to act. Alternate translation: “Let us stop thinking and begin to attack” 6:4 ldp8 let us attack at noon 0 Alternate translation: “Let us attack Jerusalem at noon” 6:4 d1mc It is too bad that the daylight is fading away, that the evening shadows are falling 0 The kings say this later in the day when they want their army to keep fighting even though it is getting dark. 6:4 hnt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the daylight is fading away 0 The end of the day is spoken of in terms of its light becoming dark. Alternate translation: “the day is ending” or “it is beginning to get dark” 6:4 su9l are falling 0 Alternate translation: “are stretching out” or “are getting longer” 6:5 jc1c at night 0 Alternate translation: “during the night even though it is dark” 6:5 qmf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit her fortresses 0 People often spoke of cities as if they were women. Her the word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the strong buildings of Jerusalem” 6:6 unq2 Yahweh of hosts says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. 6:6 crp6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Cut her trees 0 God says this to the army that will attack Jerusalem. The word “her” refers to Jerusalem; cities were often spoken of as if they were women. Alternate translation: “Cut down the trees outside of Jerusalem” 6:6 v6t3 heap up siegeworks against Jerusalem 0 Siegeworks are either high mounds of dirt or high ramps made of wood that the enemies build outside the city wall in order go on top of the wall and attack the people inside the city. 6:6 p62r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor because it is filled with oppression 0 Here “it is filled with oppression” represents people there always oppressing people. Alternate translation: “because its people are always oppressing each other” 6:7 x25i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile As a well pours out fresh water, so this city keeps producing wickedness 0 Here “this city keeps producing wickedness” represents people in the city continuing to do wicked things. 6:7 q16a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Violence and disorder are heard within her 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I hear violence and disorder in her” 6:7 ky66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom sickness and wounds are continually before my face 0 These things being “before” God’s face represents him seeing them. Alternate translation: “I constantly see sickness and wounds” 6:8 ctm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Accept discipline, Jerusalem … make you into a ruin, an uninhabited land 0 Here God speaks to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the city itself. Alternate translation: “Accept discipline, you people of Jerusalem … make your land into a ruin, an uninhabited land” 6:8 nn5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Accept discipline 0 “Accept discipline” here is a metaphor for learning from discipline. Alternate translation: “Learn from your discipline” or “When I punish you, learn to do what is right” 6:8 vvn8 an uninhabited land 0 Alternate translation: “a land that has no people living in it” 6:9 sz1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They will certainly glean those who are left in Israel like a vineyard 0 Yahweh speaks of the enemy attacking those who remain as if the enemy were to pick grapes that remain in a vineyard after others have harvested it. Alternate translation: “After destroying Israel, they will certainly come back to attack the people who are still alive” 6:9 e5tr They will certainly 0 The word “They” refers to the enemy that Yahweh sends to destroy Israel. 6:9 kl5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Reach out again with your hand to pick grapes from the vines 0 Yahweh commands the enemy to attack those who remain in Israel as if the enemy were pick to grapes that remain in a vineyard after others have harvested it. Alternate translation: “Come back and attack the people of Israel who remain” or “Like people who reach out again to pick grapes from vines that they have already harvested, come back and attack the people who remain” 6:10 g9ic rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion To whom should I declare and warn so they will listen 0 Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that none of the people of Israel would listen to him even after they survived the attack of their enemies. Alternate translation: “There is no one left for me to speak to and warn who might listen” 6:10 uv57 Look 0 Alternate translation: “You can see it yourself” 6:10 p8ap rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Their ears are uncircumcised 0 This represents their stubborn unwillingness to listen to God. Alternate translation: “Their ears are closed” or “They refuse to listen” 6:10 n19z Their ears 0 The word “Their” refer to the people of Israel. 6:10 yw68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh has come to them 0 This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to them. He did this through his prophets. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has sent messages to them” or “Yahweh has spoken to them” 6:10 p8sc they do not want it 0 Alternate translation: “they do not want to listen to the word of Yahweh” 6:11 dqg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom But I am filled with Yahweh’s fury 0 Jeremiah is speaking. He feels the same anger that Yahweh feels, and he speaks of being extremely angry as if he were filled with anger. Alternate translation: “I am completely angry as Yahweh is” 6:11 bdn3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am tired of holding it in 0 Jeremiah speaks of not showing Yahweh’s anger as if he were holding the anger inside himself. Alternate translation: “I am tired from not expressing this anger” or “I am tired of not doing anything about this anger” 6:11 mm2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Pour it out on the children in the streets and on the groups of young men 0 God speaks of punishing the people of Israel as if his anger were a liquid that he wanted Jeremiah to pour out on them. Alternate translation: “In anger punish the children in the streets and the groups of young men” 6:11 xce7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive For every man will be taken away with his wife 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Because enemies will capture every man with his wife” 6:11 p4cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis every old person heavy with years 0 The words “will be taken” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “every old person heavy with years will be taken” or “they will take every old person heavy with years” 6:11 ug45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom every old person heavy with years 0 The phrase “heavy with years” is an idiom that means “very old.” It reinforces the phrase “old person.” Alternate translation: “every very old person” 6:12 c4qb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Their houses will be turned over to others 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Their houses will become the possession of other people” or “There people will take their houses” 6:12 m3qu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis both their fields and their wives together 0 The phrase “will be turned over to others” is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “and their fields and their women will also be turned over to others” 6:12 efu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 6:13 eyw7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism that from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy 0 The phrase “from the least to the greatest” shows that all the people of Israel are included in the phrase “all of them,” regardless of how important they are. Alternate translation: “all of them, including the least powerful, the most powerful, and every one else, are greedy” 6:13 vs6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the least 0 This refers to the least powerful and least important people. Alternate translation: “the least powerful people” 6:13 gwi1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the greatest 0 This refers to the most powerful and most important people. Alternate translation: “the greatest people” or “the most powerful people” 6:13 vdj4 all of them 0 Alternate translation: “all of the people of Israel” 6:13 qw1u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns are greedy for dishonest gain 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **gain**, you can express the same idea with the phrases “get more money” or “get more things.” Alternate translation: “want to get more money by lying to people” or “strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them” 6:13 b8dn all of them practice deceit 0 Alternate translation: “all of them deceive people” or “all of them are liars” 6:14 it97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They have healed the wounds of my people lightly 0 This could mean: (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They acts as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” 6:14 kz57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They have healed the wounds … lightly 0 Here “lightly” represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. 6:14 lqp6 ‘Peace, Peace,’ when there is no peace 0 Alternate translation: “‘All is well, All is well,’ but it is not well” 6:15 l12m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Were they ashamed when they practiced abominations? 0 God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. Alternate translation: “They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed” 6:15 vc8r they did not know how to blush 0 When a person is ashamed, his face normally turns red. Alternate translation: “their faces did not even turn red” 6:15 c3ai rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they will fall among the fallen 0 Here “fall” represents being killed. Alternate translation: “they will be killed along with the others who are killed” 6:15 qg6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they will be brought down when they are punished 0 Here “will be brought down” represents being destroyed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them when I punish them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 6:16 s27z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Yahweh says this 0 It can be stated clearly who Yahweh says this to. Alternate translation: “Yahweh says this to the people of Israel” or “Yahweh says this to his people” 6:16 s5rz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Stand at the road crossing … We will not go 0 The roads and pathways refer to ways that people live their lives. Yahweh wants the people of Israel to ask what is the good way to live their lives and for them to live that way. 6:16 ez9b the road crossing 0 This refers to the place where two roads meet. 6:16 s5kk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ask for the ancient pathways 0 The ancient pathways represent their ancestors’s behavior, how their ancestors lived long ago. Alternate translation: “ask about the pathways that your ancestors walked on” or “ask about how your ancestors behaved” 6:16 h56h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Where is this good way 0 This could mean: (1) “this good way” represents the good way to live. Alternate translation: “What is the good way to live” or (2) “this good way” represents the way to live that results in blessings. Alternate translation: “Where is the way to what is good” or “What is the way to live that results in blessing” 6:16 a4xf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Then go on it 0 “Then walk on that path.” Going on that path represents living that way. Alternate translation: “Then live that way” 6:16 s29n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor We will not go 0 This represents not living that way. Alternate translation: “We will not live that way” 6:17 zs9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I appointed for you watchmen to listen for the trumpet 0 Yahweh speaks of his prophets as if they were watchmen who were sent to warn the people of danger. 6:17 jp7i appointed for you 0 The word “you” refers to the people of Israel. 6:17 a3n7 to listen for the trumpet 0 “to listen to the sound of the trumpet.” Yahweh speaks of his warning messages to his prophets as if the messages were a trumpet being blown to warn people about the danger that would come. The prophets were to listen to the warning and tell the people about it. 6:18 upm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Therefore, nations, listen! See, you witnesses, what will happen to them. 0 These two sentences are telling the people of other nations to witness what Yahweh will do to the rebellious people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Therefore, you people of other nations, listen! You witnesses, see what will happen to my people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) 6:18 k97t Therefore, nations, listen! 0 Alternate translation: “Therefore, nations, listen to what I am about to say!” 6:18 cge9 you witnesses 0 Alternate translation: “you who are witnesses” 6:18 zw4l will happen to them 0 The word “them” refers to the people of Israel. 6:19 jt8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe Hear, earth 0 Jeremiah is speaking to the people of nations far away from him as if they could hear him. He is speaking as if to the earth itself. Alternate translation: “Listen, everyone who lives on the earth” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 6:19 yn3n I am about to bring disaster to this people 0 Alternate translation: “soon I will punish these people severely” 6:19 dce8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the fruit of their thoughts 0 Here the word “fruit” represents results or consequences. Alternate translation: “the consequences of their thoughts” 6:19 du18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They paid no attention to my word or law, but they instead rejected it 0 Here “paid no attention to my word” refers to not listening to what God said, and “rejected it” refers to refusing to obey God’s law. Alternate translation: “They did not listen to what I said. Instead they disobeyed my law” 6:20 p9c4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What does this frankincense going up from Sheba mean to me? Or these sweet smells from a distant land? 0 God uses these questions to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “Frankincense from Sheba and sweet smelling cane from a distant land mean nothing to me.” or “I do not want your burnt offerings of frankincense from Sheba or sweet smelling cane from a distant land.” 6:20 lzv5 these sweet smells 0 People would burn sweet smelling cane as an offering to God. 6:20 x7y3 are not acceptable to me 0 Alternate translation: “do not please me” or “do not make me happy” 6:21 nwr1 See, I 0 Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I” 6:21 d486 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am about to place a stumbling block against this people 0 “I am about to put obstacles in front of this people.” Yahweh speaks of the troubles that he will make happen to the people of Israel as if they were a blocks that people stumble over. 6:21 wc6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis fathers and sons together 0 The phrase “will stumble” is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “fathers and sons will both stumble” or “fathers and sons will both be hurt” 6:21 eq4s Inhabitants and their neighbors 0 Alternate translation: “Neighbors and their friends” 6:22 yxt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a people is coming 0 Their purpose can be made clear. Alternate translation: “a people is coming to attack you” or “an army is coming” 6:22 a582 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche a great nation 0 Here “nation” represents the army of the nation. Alternate translation: “the army of a great nation” 6:22 xr58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor is being stirred up from the farthest parts of the earth 0 Being “stirred up” represents preparing to do something. Alternate translation: “is being prepared to come from a distant land” 6:23 m4uq They will pick up bows and spears 0 Alternate translation: “The soldiers will carry bows and spears” 6:23 bam3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Their sound is like the sea roar 0 The loud noise that the soldiers make is compared to the loud noise of the ocean. Alternate translation: “The sound that they make is very loud, like the sound of the ocean” 6:23 xl54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they are riding on horses, set out in order as men for battle 0 The phrase “set out in order” means that they have organized themselves and are riding in rows. The phrase “as men for battle” indicates that they are ready to fight. Alternate translation: “they are riding on horses in their assigned rows, and they are ready to fight against you” 6:24 fbb5 We have heard 0 The word “We” probably refers to Jeremiah and the people of Judah. 6:24 l8gs our hands fall limp in distress 0 Alternate translation: “our hands are weak because we are anxious” 6:24 d28c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Anguish seizes us 0 Feeling great anguish is spoken of as if the anguish grabs them. Alternate translation: “We feel terrible anguish” 6:24 b25e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile as a woman giving birth 0 The anguish that they feel because the enemy coming to attack them is compared to the anguish that a woman feels when she is about to give birth to a baby. Alternate translation: “like a woman who is about to give birth” 6:25 k3f1 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah speaks to the people of Jerusalem. Some versions interpret this as Yahweh speaking to the people of Jerusalem. 6:25 n3uk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for the swords of the enemy and terror are all around 0 The phrase “swords of the enemy” represents the enemy with their swords ready to attack. Here, **terror** refers to things that cause people to be frightened. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “For the enemy is everywhere with their swords and everyone else is terrified” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 6:26 ti8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Daughter of my people 0 Jeremiah shows Yahweh’s love for his people by speaking to them as a daughter. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate translation: “My people, you who are like a daughter to me” or “My dear people” 6:26 bkm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction put on sackcloth and roll in ashes 0 People do these things to show that they are extremely sad. Alternate translation: “Show how sad you are by wearing sackcloth and rolling in ashes” 6:26 u1nu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile mourn with painful sobs as for an only son 0 Jeremiah compares the people’s great sadness to the sadness that a mother feels if her only son dies. Alternate translation: “mourn with painful sobs as you would if your only son died” 6:26 as8r for the destroyer will suddenly come upon us 0 Alternate translation: “because the enemy army will suddenly come to attack us” 6:27 nfn2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh is speaking to Jeremiah. God speaks of the people of Israel being very sinful as if they were silver that was full of impurities. God speaks of punishing Israel to make them stop sinning as if he were boiling silver and lead in a hot fire in order to remove the impurities from the silver. 6:27 i71y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile one who tests my people like one would test metal 0 Yahweh compares Jeremiah testing his people to a person who tests metal to see how good it is. 6:27 uh6e their ways 0 Alternate translation: “their behavior” or “how they live” 6:28 lmk7 who go about slandering others 0 Alternate translation: “and constantly slander other people” 6:28 qg4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor All of them are bronze and iron 0 Bronze and iron are hard metals. Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they were hard like bronze and iron. Alternate translation: “All of them are hard like bronze and iron” or “All of them are stubborn, as hard as bronze and iron” 6:29 zb2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The bellows are scorched by the fire that is burning them; the lead is consumed in the flames 0 God speaks of punishing his people as if they were silver and he was boiling the silver in a very hot fire. These phrases emphasize that the one boiling the metal was working very hard. 6:29 zf3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The bellows are scorched by the fire that is burning them 0 The fire is so hot that it burns the bellows. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This very hot fire represents God’s judgment. Alternate translation: “The fire is so hot that it scorches the bellows” or “The punishment is so severe that it is like a fire that even burns the bellows” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 6:29 r6p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown The bellows are scorched 0 Bellows are a tool used to blow large amounts of air into a burning fire to make the fire hotter. 6:29 a9dw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the lead is consumed in the flames 0 The silver has so many impurities in it that the lead is used up before it can remove them all. This represents the people of Israel being so full of sin, that they continue to sin even after God punishes them. Alternate translation: “the silver is so full of impurities, that the lead that is used to remove them is used up” or “they are like silver that is so full of impurities that the lead cannot remove them all” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 6:29 fd3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The refining continues among them 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will continue to refine them” or “You will continue to try to purify them” 6:29 ujx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive because the evil is not removed 0 God speaks of Israel continuing to be evil as if they were silver and the impurities remained in the silver. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because the evil remains” or “the impurities remain” 6:30 q4md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive They will be called rejected silver, for 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will say about the people of Israel, ‘They are rejected silver,’ for” 7:intro i2dl 0 # Jeremiah 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 7:29–34, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Justice in society\n\nJeremiah commanded the people of Jerusalem to live justly. Without justice, they did not truly have faith in Yahweh. Without this faith in Yahweh, the temple and its rituals were useless. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “Do not pray for this people”\nYahweh wanted the people to repent. This statement, and the others that follow, may be taken in another way. They are intended to show that it is too late for the people, and their punishment will come regardless of their response. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) 7:1 y68e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said,” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah:” 7:2 bj92 all you of Judah 0 Alternate translation: “all you people of Judah” 7:3 vlv3 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. 7:3 f884 Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 7:3 c23a Make your ways and practices good, and I will let you continue 0 Alternate translation: “If you improve your ways and your practices, then I will let you continue” 7:3 s5g6 in this place 0 This means in the land of Judah, not in the temple. 7:4 e2w3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns Do not entrust yourself to deceitful words and say 0 The reflexive pronoun “yourself” emphasizes the personal risk to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “Do not trust in deceitful words to protect you, saying” 7:4 ru5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! 0 It is implied that, since the temple belongs to Yahweh and represents his presence, he will protect it and the people of Judah will be safe. Possible meanings for why **Temple of Yahweh** is repeated three times are (1) it was repeated for emphasis or (2) it was repeated as part of a temple liturgy. Alternate translation: “This is the temple of Yahweh so it is absolutely certain that no one will destroy it and we are safe.” 7:5 yex8 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. 7:5 b71h make your ways and practices good 0 “improve your ways and practices.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:3](../07/03.md). 7:5 s949 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns completely execute justice 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “judge rightly” 7:6 f96n do not exploit the one 0 Alternate translation: “treat fairly the foreigner” 7:6 klb1 orphan 0 child whose parents have died 7:6 ivv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy pour out innocent blood 0 Here pouring out innocent blood represents killing those not deserving death. Alternate translation: “kill innocent people” 7:6 q1kh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy walk after other gods 0 Here walking after is a metonym for following after with the intent to serve and obey. Alternate translation: “serve other gods” 7:6 q3q6 in this place 0 Here “this place” refers to the land of Judah. 7:7 p965 will let you stay 0 Alternate translation: “will let you continue to live” 7:7 n3ke from ancient times and forever 0 “from ancient times and continually.” This means Yahweh gave the land to the people of Judah to be their permanent possession. 7:8 d4gt 0 # General Information:\n\nThe word “you” in these verses refers to the people of Judah. 7:8 znm8 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. 7:8 s1dh Behold! 0 The word “Behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the information that follows. 7:9 bi95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you steal, kill, and commit adultery? Do you swear … and walk after other gods whom you have not known? 0 These questions expect a positive answer to make the point that God knows the sins they are committing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You steal, kill, and commit adultery. You swear … and walk after other gods whom you have not known.” 7:9 ikv4 swear deceitfully 0 Alternate translation: “lie even in your oaths” 7:9 ps9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy walk after other gods 0 Here walking after is a metonym for following after with the intent to serve and obey. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:6](../07/06.md). Alternate translation: “serve other gods” 7:10 w19j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Then do you come and stand … so you can do all of these abominations? 0 This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows the hypocrisy of their words and actions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Then you come and stand … so you could do all of these abominations.” 7:10 ras4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house that is called by my name 0 This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “house that belongs to me” or “temple where you worship me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 7:11 pb4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is this house, which carries my name, a den of bandits in your eyes? 0 This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows what they think about Yahweh’s temple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “This house, which carries my name, is a den of bandits in your eyes!” or “You act as though you think this house, which is called by my name, should be a place where bandits can go to hide!” 7:11 kj59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom this house, which carries my name 0 Yahweh’s temple is spoken of as if it was carrying the name of Yahweh. This has a similar meaning to “this house that is called by my name” in the previous verse. 7:11 e4vn bandits 0 violent people who steal and destroy 7:11 tj9h But behold, I have seen it 0 Alternate translation: “But I certainly have seen what you are doing” 7:11 ume9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 7:12 j5kh 0 # General Information:\n\nThe words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the people of Judah. 7:12 n4ba Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. 7:12 c6l5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom my place that was in Shiloh, where I allowed my name to stay there in the beginning 0 Here “where I allowed my name to stay” is an idiom that means this was a place where Yahweh was worshiped. Alternate translation: “the place in Shiloh where I first allowed my people to worship me” 7:13 m7ib rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys time and time again 0 This hendiadys is also an idiom that means something is done many times. Alternate translation: “repeatedly” or “persistently” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 7:14 g8pq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy this house that is called by my name 0 This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:10](../07/10.md). Alternate translation: “this house that belongs to me” or “this temple where you worship me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 7:16 b1uq 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh speaks to Jeremiah about the people of Judah. In these verses, “this people” refers to the people of Judah. 7:16 h32v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism do not pray for this people, and do not lift up a lamenting wail or say a prayer on their behalf, and do not petition me 0 These four clauses each mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. 7:16 mpn3 lift up a lamenting wail 0 Alternate translation: “cry out with sadness” 7:16 ym42 on their behalf 0 Alternate translation: “for their benefit” or “for them” 7:16 d2un petition me 0 Alternate translation: “plead with me” 7:17 qn8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you not see what they are doing in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem? 0 This question expects a positive answer and is asked to bring these things to Jeremiah’s attention. They can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at what they are doing in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem!” 7:18 u9lk kindling the fire 0 Alternate translation: “starting the fire” 7:18 jc1l kneading dough 0 mixing dough by hand 7:18 t6z1 dough 0 a thick mixture of flour and liquid used for baking 7:18 u6gq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the queen of the heavens 0 This was the name of a false god. Alternate translation: “the false god known as ‘the queen of the heavens’” 7:18 sq9a will provoke me 0 Alternate translation: “will anger me” 7:19 ia89 0 # General Information:\n\nIn these verses, “they” and “themselves” refer to the people of Judah. 7:19 t7ze Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to speak to Jeremiah about the people of Judah. 7:19 ta4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion is it not themselves whom they are provoking, so that shame is on them? 0 This question expects a positive answer. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are provoking themselves, so that shame is on them!” or “they are troubling and bringing shame on themselves!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) 7:19 jj5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns shame is on them 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **shame**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “shamed.” Alternate translation: “they are shamed” 7:20 ccj2 See 0 This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” 7:20 ta7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom my anger and wrath will gush out onto this place 0 Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were something that could be poured out. Alternate translation: “I will punish this place” 7:20 xv82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet anger and wrath 0 These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of Yahweh’s anger. 7:20 v5eu gush out 0 Alternate translation: “pour out” 7:20 mf3h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom It will burn and never be extinguished 0 Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a fire that could not be put out. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to stop my anger” 7:20 wz4y never be extinguished 0 Alternate translation: “never stop burning” 7:21 bjt8 0 # General Information:\n\nIn these verses, “you” and “your” refer to the people of Judah. 7:21 i6xb Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. 7:21 hg9i Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 7:21 p7ch rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony Add your burnt offerings to your sacrifices and the meat from them 0 This is an ironic statement emphasizing that none of their sacrifices were acceptable to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Go ahead and eat the burnt offerings along with your sacrifices and meat from them” 7:23 zn4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Listen to my voice 0 Here listening to Yahweh’s voice means to both hear his words and obey what he says. Alternate translation: “Hear and obey what I say” 7:23 ug56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor walk in all the ways that I am commanding you 0 Yahweh speaks of obeying his commands as if one were walking in them, like person would walk along a road. Alternate translation: “do everything that I am commanding you” 7:24 gts3 0 # General Information:\n\nThe words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the people of Judah. “They” refers to the ancestors of the people of Judah. 7:24 u79z Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. 7:24 mmx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet they did not listen or pay attention 0 These phrases mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. 7:24 hex1 by their own stubborn plans of their wicked hearts 0 Alternate translation: “according to their own plans because they were wicked and stubborn” 7:24 pn8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they went backwards, not forward 0 This is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) they refused to pay attention to Yahweh, instead of eagerly obeying him. Alternate translation: “they went away from me instead of drawing closer to me” or (2) they got worse and worse instead of improving. Alternate translation: “they got worse instead of better” 7:25 g7qg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole Ever since the day when your ancestors went out from the land of Egypt until this day 0 This is a generalization that means over this entire period of time, not every day during this period of time. Alternate translation: “From the time your ancestors went out from the land of Egypt until now” 7:25 wl88 I persisted in sending them 0 Alternate translation: “I sent them again and again” or “I repeatedly sent them” 7:26 x6ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom they hardened their necks 0 This is an idiom that means they were stubborn. Alternate translation: “they became stubborn” or “they resisted me” 7:26 hje2 They were more wicked 0 Alternate translation: “Each generation was more wicked” 7:27 rs3g 0 # General Information:\n\nThe words “them” and “they” in these verses refer to the people of Judah. 7:27 m2j2 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. 7:27 nc7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism So proclaim all these words to them, but they will not listen to you. Proclaim these things to them, but they will not answer you. 0 These two sentences say the same thing, The second emphasizes the message of the first. Alternate translation: “Tell them my message, but they will not listen to you or answer you.” 7:28 y4p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the voice of Yahweh its God 0 Here “the voice of Yahweh” represents what Yahweh has said. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:25](../03/25.md). Alternate translation: “what Yahweh its God has said” 7:28 di1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Truth is destroyed and cut off from their mouths 0 Yahweh speaks of truth as if it was something the people could destroy and stop saying. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people destroy truth and cut it off from their mouths” or “The people tell only lies” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 7:28 zj54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Truth is destroyed 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truth**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “truthful.” Alternate translation: “What is truthful is destroyed” 7:29 d5yd 0 # General Information:\n\nThe word “your” in these verses refers to the people of Judah. 7:29 y4ae Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. 7:29 rrp6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction Cut off your hair and shave yourself, and throw away your hair 0 This would be done as a sign of mourning. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) 7:29 p56k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet rejected and abandoned 0 These two words have similar meanings and are repeated for emphasis. 7:30 hxu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy sons of Judah 0 This refers to the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “people of Judah” 7:30 aui5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy their detestable things 0 Here “detestable things” refers to idols, which God hates. Alternate translation: “their disgusting idols” 7:30 szk4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house that is called by my name 0 This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:10](../07/10.md). Alternate translation: “house that belongs to me” or “temple where they worship me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 7:31 bpk3 0 # General Information:\n\nThe words “they” and “their” in these verses refer to the people of Judah. 7:31 ud4q Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to describe the evil things that the people of Judah had done. 7:31 v64i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the high place of Topheth 0 This is the name of a place where the people of Israel sacrificed their children to a false god by burning them with fire. 7:31 ikn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the Valley of Ben Hinnom 0 This is the name of a valley south of the city of Jerusalem, where people sacrificed to false gods. 7:31 iq5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy nor did it enter my mind 0 Here the word “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “nor did I ever think about it” 7:32 dgv5 So see 0 The word “see” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed” 7:32 pkn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor days are coming … when it 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” Alternate translation: “in the future … it” or “there will be a time … when it” 7:32 t424 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 7:32 ums9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it will no longer be called 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will no longer call it” 7:32 zbr4 they will bury bodies 0 Alternate translation: “they will bury dead people” 7:32 tue8 no room left 0 Alternate translation: “no place remaining” 7:33 xa8f Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah. 7:33 mb9t The corpses 0 Alternate translation: “The dead bodies” 7:33 sc5b this people 0 Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” 7:33 h5ey the birds of the skies 0 See how you translated “the birds of the heavens” in [Jeremiah 4:25](../04/25.md). 7:33 jv9c the beasts of the earth 0 Alternate translation: “the wild animals of the land” 7:33 tf93 to frighten them away 0 Alternate translation: “to scare them away” 7:34 cm8g I will put an end to 0 Alternate translation: “I will remove from” 7:34 w3gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet the sound of joy and the sound of gladness 0 These two phrases mean almost the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. The abstract nouns “joy” and “gladness” can be translated using the verb “rejoicing” and the adjective “glad.” Alternate translation: “the sounds of people rejoicing and being glad” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 7:34 mbc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride 0 This is a metonym for what happens at marriage ceremonies. Alternate translation: “and people celebrating marriage” 7:34 t5xh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns will become a desolation 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “desolate.” Alternate translation: “will become desolate” 8:intro b29a 0 # Jeremiah 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:5–22.\n\nThe prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 8:5–9:12. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Hyperbole\n\nThe author frequently uses hyperbole in this chapter to describe the complete destruction of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 8:1 w8bg Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah. 8:1 x5ig they will bring 0 This word “they” here refers to the enemies of the people of Judah. 8:1 c3wu its officials 0 Alternate translation: “its princes” or “its rulers” 8:2 p4kx will spread them out 0 The word “them” refers to the bones of the people listed in the previous verse. 8:2 i7h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism that they have followed and served, that they have walked after and sought, and that they have worshiped 0 The word “they” here refers to the people of Judah. These three phrases mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. 8:2 gvn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor walked after 0 This is a metaphor for serving or worshiping. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:23](../02/23.md). 8:2 mxy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The bones will not be gathered or buried again 0 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “No one will gather their bones or bury them again” 8:2 j8lx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile They will be like dung on the surface of the earth 0 The bones are compared to dung on the ground both to emphasize that they will be disgusting and because they will not be buried. 8:2 vr8n on the surface of the earth 0 Alternate translation: “all over the ground” 8:3 w45m where I have driven them 0 The word “them” refers to the people of Judah. 8:3 vl6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” 8:4 xxz7 0 # General Information:\n\nThe words “them” and “they” in these verses refer to the people of Judah. 8:4 tke2 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah. 8:4 rz6z So say to them 0 Yahweh is telling Jeremiah what to say to the people of Judah. 8:4 v36i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Does anyone fall and not get up? Does anyone get lost and not try to return? 0 These questions make the point that the way that the people of Judah were acting did not make sense. They can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that when someone falls, he gets back up, and when someone gets lost, he tries to find his way back.” 8:5 zes9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why has this people, Jerusalem, turned away in permanent faithlessness? 0 Yahweh is saying that the way the people of Judah are acting does not make sense. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It does not make sense that this people, Jerusalem, has turned away in permanent faithlessness.” 8:5 vgq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Jerusalem 0 The word “Jerusalem” here is a synecdoche for all the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Judah” 8:5 h7hw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor hold on to treachery 0 What the people of Judah were doing is spoken of as if they were clinging to treachery and would not let it go. 8:5 n5b8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns They hold on to treachery 0 Here, **treachery** is spoken of as if it were a physical object that a person could hold on to. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **treachery**, you can express the same idea with the verb “deceive.” Holding on to something is a metaphor for loving. Alternate translation: “They refuse to turn away from what deceives them” or “They love the people who deceive them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 8:6 y22u 0 # General Information:\n\nThe words “they” and “them” in these verses refer to the people of Judah. 8:6 v92n Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. 8:6 w5p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet paid attention and listened 0 These two things mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. 8:6 sg8t did not speak right 0 Alternate translation: “did not say what is right” 8:6 i9mx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns for his wickedness 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “wicked.” Alternate translation: “for being wicked” 8:6 yw8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit What have I done? 0 The implied information is that this is a question that the people of Judah should have been asking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done a terrible thing.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 8:6 g12y go where they wish 0 Alternate translation: “go their own way” 8:6 r6ux rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like a stallion rushing toward battle 0 The eagerness of the people to follow their own evil way is compared to the eagerness of a war horse running toward a battle. 8:6 j57y stallion 0 adult male horse 8:7 j78m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Even the stork in heaven knows the right times; and the doves, swifts, and cranes 0 The implied information is that these types of birds know the right times to migrate, which means to fly from one place to another at different times of the year for feeding or breeding. 8:7 lsk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown stork … doves, swifts, and cranes 0 All of these are different types of birds that migrate. 8:7 i7xx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They go on their migrations at the right time, but my people do not know Yahweh’s decrees 0 The implied information is that the people should have naturally known Yahweh’s decrees. 8:7 g1he rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns They go on their migrations 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **migrations**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “migrate.” Alternate translation: “They migrate” or “They fly from one region to another” 8:8 qa8a Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. 8:8 n65d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How can you say, “We are wise, for the law of Yahweh is with us”? 0 Yahweh asks this question to make the people of Judah think about what they were saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You think that you are wise because you have the law of Yahweh with you.” 8:8 g95l How can you say 0 The “you” here refers to the people of Judah. 8:8 d131 Indeed, see! 0 These words tell the hearer to pay close attention to what follows. 8:8 qeg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The deceitful pen of the scribes 0 The pen represents the words that the scribes write. Alternate translation: “The false things that the scribes write” 8:8 xs9e has created deceit 0 Alternate translation: “has given you false ideas” 8:9 g2b6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony The wise men will be ashamed 0 This is irony because the wise men are normally honored for their wisdom. Alternate translation: “Those men who think they are wise will feel ashamed” 8:9 eb2b dismayed 0 terrified or shattered 8:9 kk1b Behold! 0 Alternate translation: “Pay attention!” 8:9 i9ya rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion so what use is their wisdom? 0 This question expects a negative answer and is intended to make the hearers think about how little what they consider wisdom is really worth when they reject Yahweh’s word. Alternate translation: “so what they think is wise does not do them any good.” 8:10 n8yx because from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy for dishonest gain! From the prophet to the priest, all of them practice deceit 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:13](../06/13.md). 8:10 eq1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism because from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy 0 The phrase “from the least to the greatest” shows that all the people of Judah are included in the phrase “all of them,” regardless of how important they are. Alternate translation: “because all of them, including the least powerful, the most powerful, and everyone else, are greedy” 8:10 by2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the least 0 This refers to the least powerful and least important people. Alternate translation: “the least powerful people” 8:10 m98v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the greatest 0 This refers to the most powerful and most important people. Alternate translation: “the greatest people” or “the most powerful people” 8:10 ry2p all of them 0 Alternate translation: “all of the people of Judah” 8:10 c6bc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns are greedy for dishonest gain 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **gain**, you can express the same idea with the phrases “get more money” or “get more things.” Alternate translation: “want to get more money by lying to people” or “strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them” 8:10 me66 all of them practice deceit 0 Alternate translation: “all of them deceive people” or “all of them are liars” 8:11 a894 0 # General Information:\n\nThe words “they,” “their” and “them” in these verses refer to the people of Judah. 8:11 f7ex Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. 8:11 t6ta rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They healed the wounds of my people lightly 0 This could mean: (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” 8:11 t1ge rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They healed the wounds … lightly 0 Here “lightly” represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. 8:11 mjy3 “Peace, Peace,” when there was no peace 0 Alternate translation: “‘All is well, All is well,’ but it was not well” 8:12 j556 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Were they ashamed when they practiced abominations? 0 God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. Alternate translation: “They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed.” 8:12 a8qy they did not know how to blush 0 “their faces did not even turn red.” When a person is ashamed, his face normally turns red. 8:12 m1ix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they will fall among the fallen 0 Here “fall” represents being killed. Alternate translation: “they will be killed along with the others who are killed” 8:12 x1y2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they will be brought down when they are punished 0 Here “will be brought down” represents being destroyed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them when I punish them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 8:13 b972 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 8:13 yf5y the leaf will wither 0 Alternate translation: “the leaf will dry up” 8:13 qr8u what I have given to them will pass away 0 The meaning of the original text is uncertain here. 8:14 fx4e 0 # General Information:\n\nThe words “we,” “us” and “our” refer to the people of Judah. 8:14 nn25 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues his message by telling us what the people of Judah will say at the time of their punishment. 8:14 r249 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why are we sitting here? 0 This question is asked to motivate action. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We should not stay here.” 8:14 bl3v Come together; let us go to the fortified cities 0 The “fortified cities” were cities with high walls and strong defenses. See how you translated the similar phrases in [Jeremiah 4:5](../04/05.md). 8:14 vsn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor we will become silent there in death 0 Here “become silent” means to die. Alternate translation: “let us die there” or “let us wait for our enemies to kill us there” 8:14 pv27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For Yahweh our God will silence us 0 Here “silence” is a metaphor for condemning to death. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh our God has condemned us to die” 8:14 tg23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom He will make us drink poison 0 This is an idiom for Yahweh’s judgment on his people. 8:15 cpw9 but there will be nothing good 0 Alternate translation: “but nothing good will happen” 8:15 i77n but see 0 Alternate translation: “but understand” 8:16 fvu7 0 # General Information:\n\nThe words “his” and “they” in these verses refer to the enemies of Judah. 8:16 s1ew Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues his message about the punishment coming to Judah. 8:16 ck4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The snorting of his stallions is heard from Dan 0 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Dan hear the snorting of his stallions” 8:16 qq3k snorting 0 a loud sound that a horse makes with its nose 8:16 x69l stallions 0 adult male horses 8:16 v3by rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole The whole earth shakes 0 This is an exaggeration that is a metaphor for the people of Judah trembling with fear. Alternate translation: “All the people of the land shake with fear” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 8:16 hjp2 at the sound of the neighing of his strong horses 0 Alternate translation: “when they hear the sound of the enemy’s strong horses” 8:16 x6ln neighing 0 a sound that a horse makes 8:16 a2w1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom they will come and consume 0 Here the word “consume” means to eat up. It is an idiom for how the enemies come and destroy the land and its inhabitants. Alternate translation: “they will come and destroy” 8:17 ns7j For see 0 Alternate translation: “Now pay attention” 8:17 nvi3 vipers that you cannot charm 0 To charm means to sing or make music in order to control snakes. 8:17 ma3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 8:18 f7zw 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah and Yahweh have a conversation about the people of Judah. 8:18 hkg9 My sorrow has no end 0 The word “my” refers to Jeremiah. The original text is unclear and is interpreted here in different ways by modern versions. 8:18 ia82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole has no end 0 These words are an exaggeration that express the great extent of Jeremiah’s sorrow. Alternate translation: “is very great” 8:18 ah2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my heart is sick 0 Here “heart” represents Jeremiah, emphasizing his feelings and emotions. Alternate translation: “I feel sick deep down inside me” 8:19 i7c2 Behold! 0 This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. “Pay attention!” 8:19 i2u5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the daughter of my people 0 Jeremiah is speaking about the people of Judah in a way that shows his affection for them, as if for a daughter. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate translation: “my dear people” 8:19 qg4d from a land far away 0 This could mean: (1) From exile. Alternate translation: “from exile in a distant land” or (2) From throughout the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “throughout our land” 8:19 r91i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Is Yahweh not in Zion? Is her king no longer there? 0 These two questions are similar in meaning. They imply that the people of Judah are wondering why Yahweh is not saving them. Alternate translation: “Why does Yahweh not save us if he is the king in Zion?” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 8:19 i1se rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why then do they provoke me to anger with their carved figures and their worthless foreign idols? 0 The word “me” refers to Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “If they want me to save them, then they must not offend me with their carved figures.” 8:20 i3bj 0 # General Information:\n\nThe word “we” refers to the people of Judah. The words “I” and “my” refer to Jeremiah. 8:20 f1z4 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJeremiah continues talking about the people of Judah. 8:20 ey1x The harvest has passed on 0 Alternate translation: “Harvest time is over” 8:20 d3mu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive But we have not been saved 0 Jeremiah tells what the people of Judah are saying. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh has not saved us” 8:21 epc5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism I am hurt because of the hurt of the daughter of my people. I mourn at the horrible things that have happened to her; I am dismayed 0 These statements express the same idea in more than one way for emphasis. 8:22 j9cz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is there no medicine in Gilead? Is there no healer there? Why will the healing of the daughter of my people not happen? 0 These questions are asked to make the point that the people of Judah have not been saved. Alternate translation: “There is medicine in Gilead, and there are healers there, so tell me why the healing of my dear people will not happen.” 9:intro muj3 0 # Jeremiah 9 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 9:1–12, 17–24.\n\nThe prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 8:5–9:12. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Funeral\n\nThis chapter pictures Jerusalem as having a funeral with its typical songs. This is an image used to describe their destruction. It is a time of great sadness.\n\n### Circumcision\n\nCircumcision is used here in an unusual way. Since circumcision was intended to be a display of faith, the author uses the term to differentiate between those who have faith in Yahweh and those who don’t. This is a type of metaphor. Those who have a circumcised heart have faith in Yahweh while those with an uncircumcised heart do not have faith in Yahweh, regardless of whether they are physically circumcised. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 9:1 dw2v 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh and Jeremiah continue talking about the people of Judah. 9:1 rjn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism If only my head could produce water, and my eyes be a fountain of tears 0 This is Jeremiah speaking. These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how much Jeremiah is weeping. Alternate translation: “I wish I could make more tears” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 9:1 f1ez rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism day and night 0 By mentioning both “day” and “night” this phrase means all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “continually” 9:1 x4zd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the daughter of my people 0 Yahweh shows his love for his people by speaking of them as a daughter. Here Jeremiah uses this same phrase for the people that Yahweh uses. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate translation: “my people, who are like Yahweh’s daughter” or “my dear people” 9:1 gx7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who have been killed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom the enemy has killed” 9:2 m5fi If only someone would give me 0 “I wish someone would give me.” This is still Jeremiah speaking. 9:2 t6vy a place for travelers in the wilderness to stay 0 This refers to a building for people traveling in the wilderness, where they can stop and sleep overnight. 9:2 l2ci abandon my people 0 Alternate translation: “leave my people” 9:2 y2h4 a band of traitors 0 Alternate translation: “a group of people who betray other people” 9:3 m7dg Yahweh declares 0 See how you translated “this is Yahweh’s declaration” in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). 9:3 dkt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They tread on their bows of lies with their tongues 0 Telling lies is spoken of as being done by the tongues of the wicked. Also, since a spoken lie cannot be taken back, telling lies is spoken of as if it were shooting arrows. Men who use bows must step on their bows in order to fasten the bowstrings, so liars are referred to here as if they were stringing their bows using their tongues. Alternate translation: “Their lies are like arrows that they shoot with the tongues” 9:3 q5qh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony but it is not because of any faithfulness of theirs that they grow strong on the earth 0 “They do not grow strong on the earth because they are faithful to Yahweh, as they are wicked” and “This means that the people are not faithful to Yahweh, but rather are wicked and have gained their power through wickedness” 9:3 vc82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They go from one wicked act to another 0 Committing one evil action after another is spoken of as if the evildoers were going from one action to another. Alternate translation: “They keep doing evil things” 9:4 i6ut Each of you 0 The word “you” refers to the people of Judah. 9:4 zbn4 be on guard against your neighbor and do not trust in any brother 0 Alternate translation: “be careful not to trust your fellow Israelites, and do not even trust your own brother” 9:4 n2fi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom every neighbor walks in slander 0 Here “walking” is an idiom for living. Alternate translation: “every neighbor slanders one another” or “every neighbor is a slanderer” 9:5 t4rw Each man mocks his neighbor and does not speak the truth 0 Alternate translation: “All of the people mock each other, and they do not tell the truth” 9:5 w9wa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Their tongues teach deceitful things 0 Here people are represented by their “tongues” to emphasize their speech. Alternate translation: “They teach deceitful things” 9:5 k167 They are exhausted from committing iniquity 0 Alternate translation: “They are tired from committing so much sin” 9:6 kdu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Your dwelling is in the midst of deception 0 Yahweh speaks of living among people who are liars as living in the middle of deception. Alternate translation: “Your dwelling is among the dwellings of liars” or “You dwell in the midst of liars” 9:6 ijp7 in their deceit 0 Alternate translation: “By telling all of these lies” 9:6 ra6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 9:7 l451 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom See 0 Yahweh uses this word here to draw Jeremiah’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” 9:7 kq5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to refine them 0 Yahweh speaks of testing the people and dealing with their evil ways, as if they were metal that he were melting in a crucible to remove its impurities. 9:7 y5gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion for what else can I do, because of what my people have done? 0 Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to state that this is how he needs to deal with his people because of what they have done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “for this is how I must deal with my people because of what they have done.” 9:8 ak19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Their tongues are sharpened arrows 0 This speaks of people’s tongues as if they were sharpened arrows because of how the people hurt others by what they say. Here their speech is represented by their “tongues.” Alternate translation: “Their words are like sharpened arrows that hurt other people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 9:8 yi2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy With their mouths they proclaim peace with their neighbors 0 Here people’s speech is represented by their “mouths.” Alternate translation: “They speak, saying that they want peace with their neighbors” 9:8 f4zw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor but with their hearts they lie in wait for them 0 Here a people’s desires are represented by their “hearts.” This speaks of them wanting to hurt their neighbors as if they were an animal crouching and waiting to attack its prey. Alternate translation: “but what they really want is to destroy their neighbors” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 9:9 x1jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should I not punish them because of these things … should I not avenge myself on a nation that is like this? 0 Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will not have mercy and stop himself from punishing them. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 5:9](../05/09.md). Alternate translation: “Because they do these things, I will punish them … I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.” 9:9 fm1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 9:10 zfu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism I will sing a song of mourning … a funeral song will be sung for the meadows 0 Yahweh is mourning for the land of Israel as if it were a person who died. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 9:10 s5s7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a funeral song will be sung 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will sing a funeral song” 9:10 xf64 the meadows 0 Alternate translation: “the fields of grass that the livestock eats” 9:10 x2nb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive For they are burned 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Because someone has burned the meadows and pastures” 9:10 dv5k They will not hear the sound of any cattle 0 Alternate translation: “Nobody will hear the sound of cattle there” 9:11 mp5y a hideout for jackals 0 “a place for jackals to hide.” Jackals are fierce wild dogs. 9:11 har1 places without inhabitants 0 Alternate translation: “places where no people live” 9:12 lun7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What man is wise enough to understand this? 0 Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only a very wise person will understand the things he has said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only people who are very wise can understand these things.” 9:12 dem8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion To whom has the mouth of Yahweh spoken, and he will declare it? 0 Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only the people he has spoken to can declare these things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only those who have been taught by Yahweh can explain these things to others.” 9:12 r7i9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the mouth of Yahweh 0 Here Yahweh’s speech is represented by his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh” 9:12 ru4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why has the land perished and been destroyed … pass through? 0 Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only a wise person could explain why the land has been destroyed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only a wise person could explain why the land has perished and been destroyed … pass through.” 9:12 x8mt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive has the land perished and been destroyed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Both “perished” and “been ruined” describe the land being ruined. Alternate translation: “is the land ruined” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 9:13 v98g It is because 0 Alternate translation: “These things will happen because” 9:13 dqx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they have abandoned my law 0 Yahweh speaks of the people not obeying his law as if it were something that they had walked away from. Alternate translation: “they have rejected my law” 9:13 maj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy they do not listen to my voice 0 Here Yahweh’s “voice” represents what he says. Alternate translation: “they do not pay attention to the things I tell them” 9:13 cf6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom or walk by it 0 Here “walk” is an idiom for “live.” Alternate translation: “or live the way I tell them to live” 9:14 d459 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy they have walked by their stubborn hearts 0 Here the people’s “stubborn hearts” represent their stubborn desires and stubborn will. Also, here “walked” represents living. Alternate translation: “they have been stubborn and lived the way they want to live” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 9:14 upa5 have followed the Baals 0 Alternate translation: “have worshiped the Baals” 9:15 bg34 Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 9:15 za9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom See 0 Yahweh uses this word here to draw the people’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” 9:15 s4r8 wormwood 0 a plant that tastes bitter 9:16 nyj4 Then I will scatter them among the nations 0 Alternate translation: “Then I will force them to leave here and live in many different countries” 9:16 axn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis neither they nor their ancestors 0 The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “that neither they nor their ancestors have known” 9:16 w74v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will send out a sword after them 0 Here the word “sword” refers to an enemy army. Alternate translation: “I will send an army of soldiers to fight against them” 9:16 bq4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I have completely destroyed them 0 This is a metonym for Yahweh causing the people’s enemies to destroy them. Alternate translation: “I have caused their enemies to completely destroy them” 9:17 lv4i 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh tells the people of Judah to mourn for the coming destruction of the land. 9:17 ict2 Yahweh of hosts says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 9:17 air9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Summon funeral singers; let them come … Send out for women skilled at lamenting; let them come 0 These two phrases have the same meaning. They emphasize that they are to call funeral singers to come. Alternate translation: “Get women who are trained in mourning and bring those women here” 9:17 d5sd Summon funeral singers 0 Alternate translation: “Call women who are professional singers at funerals” 9:17 u7sp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom let them come 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “tell the women to come” 9:17 j5jq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Send out for women skilled at lamenting 0 The phrase “send out for” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Send people out to get women who are skilled at mourning” 9:18 ln9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive Let them hurry and sing a mournful song … and our eyelids flow with water 0 Here Yahweh says what the people of Judah will say when the destruction comes. The words “us” and “our” refer to the people of Judah and does not include Yahweh. This may be written instead as a command from Yahweh to the people. Alternate translation: “Tell them to hurry and sing a song to mourn for you, so your eyes may run with tears and your eyelids flow with water” 9:18 fft6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit so our eyes may run with tears and our eyelids flow with water 0 This describes the people crying a lot. Alternate translation: “so we will cry very hard with tears flowing from our eyes” 9:19 g4rv 0 # General Information:\n\nHere Yahweh is saying what the people of Judah will say when he destroys the land. 9:19 la1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive For the sound of wailing is heard in Zion 0 This refers to the people of Zion wailing loudly and can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Zion are crying loudly, saying” 9:19 s2nn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom How we are devastated 0 Yahweh tells what the people of Judah will say when the land is destroyed. Alternate translation: “We are very upset” 9:19 g3w7 We are greatly ashamed, for we have abandoned the land since they tore down our houses 0 Alternate translation: “Our shame is great, because enemies destroyed our houses and we had to leave the land of Israel” 9:20 n18s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism hear Yahweh’s word; pay attention to the messages that come from his mouth 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the command to listen to what Yahweh says. In the second phrase Yahweh’s “mouth” is a metonym for himself. Alternate translation: “listen to what Yahweh says. Pay attention to his words” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 9:20 hr1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis each neighbor woman a funeral song 0 The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “teach each neighbor woman a funeral song” 9:21 ruq9 0 # General Information:\n\nHere Yahweh is saying what the people of Judah will say when he destroys the land. 9:21 tk2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification For death has come through our windows … young men in the city squares 0 The people of Judah will compare death to a person who can climb in windows to attack the people inside and attacks people in the palaces, streets, and city squares. 9:21 nap5 palaces 0 fancy houses where kings live. Death will come to rich and poor alike. 9:21 w73h city squares 0 marketplaces 9:22 b1lf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person This is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “This is what Yahweh has declared” or “This is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 9:22 tfy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism the corpses of men will fall like dung … like grain stalks after the reapers 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the large number dead bodies. Alternate translation: “dead bodies will fall all over the place” 9:22 q61w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile corpses of men will fall like dung in the fields 0 This describes the great number of people who will die, by comparing their bodies to dung that falls in the fields. Alternate translation: “dead bodies will drop everywhere like animal dung falls all over the fields” 9:22 j451 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like grain stalks after the reapers 0 This describes the great number of people who will die, by comparing their bodies to cut stalks of grain. Alternate translation: “like stalks of grain fall everywhere after the farmers cut them down” 9:22 hyq6 there will be no one to gather them 0 Alternate translation: “there will be nobody to gather the dead bodies” 9:23 v41m 0 # General Information:\n\nThese are the words of Yahweh. 9:23 cbr4 Do not let the wise man take pride in his wisdom 0 Alternate translation: “A wise man should not be proud because he is wise” 9:23 r3w7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis or the warrior in his might 0 The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “or let the warrior take pride in his might” 9:23 mi8d Do not let the wealthy man take pride in his riches 0 Alternate translation: “A rich man should not be proud because he is rich” 9:24 vub7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism has insight and knows me 0 “understands who I am and knows me.” Both of these phrases have similar meanings. They emphasize people knowing who Yahweh is and understanding who he is. 9:24 eht9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit For I am Yahweh 0 This refers to people knowing Yahweh and his ways. Alternate translation: “Because people should understand that I am Yahweh” 9:24 ccv3 For it is in these that I take pleasure 0 The word “these” refers to covenant loyalty, justice, and righteousness. 9:24 t9de rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 9:25 wg3m 0 # General Information:\n\nThese are the words of Yahweh. 9:25 md99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom See 0 Yahweh uses this word here to draw the people’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Indeed” 9:25 k6yc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor all the circumcised who are such only in their body 0 This refers to the people of Israel who have entered into Yahweh’s covenant by getting circumcised physically, but who have not changed their inner beings by following his laws. Alternate translation: “all those people who have changed their bodies by circumcising them but who have not changed their inner beings” 9:26 qn15 all the people who cut the hair on their heads very short 0 This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “all the people who live on the edge of the wilderness.” 9:26 siw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy For all these nations are uncircumcised 0 The word “nations” refers to the people who live in these places. Foreigners being uncircumcised was a sign that they were not in Yahweh’s covenant. Alternate translation: “For the people of these nations did not enter into a covenant with Yahweh through circumcision” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 9:26 l471 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all the house of Israel has an uncircumcised heart 0 The “heart” represents a person’s will and desires. An “uncircumcised heart” represents the character of a person that does not follow Yahweh and his laws. Also, the “house” of Israel refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the people of Israel are only circumcised on the outside and have not changed their hearts” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 10:intro v6xy 0 # Jeremiah 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines in 10:1–25 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are a long quotation.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s power\nThis chapter contrasts the great power of Yahweh with the powerlessness of any other false god. It is intended to question why the Jews would worship any other god. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) 10:1 v6qy 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh has just reminded the people of Judah, as well as Egypt, Edom, Ammon, Moab and all people, that they will be punished. 10:1 d4ld Hear the word 0 Alternate translation: “Hear the message” 10:1 str3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Israel 0 Here the “house” of Israel represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “people of Israel” 10:2 zcj4 Do not learn the ways of the nations 0 Alternate translation: “Do not act like the other nations act” 10:2 v9aa dismayed 0 worried or upset 10:2 cej6 by the signs in the heavens 0 Alternate translation: “by strange things in the sky” 10:2 f2sy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive for the nations are dismayed by these 0 Here “the nations” refer to the people who live in them. This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “for the people of the nations are afraid of the strange things they see in the sky” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 10:3 d8ux 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh has just reminded them not to learn the ways of the nations nor be worried by things that happen in the sky. 10:3 t24u craftsman 0 a man skilled in his work 10:5 xhf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile What they make with their hands is like scarecrows 0 A scarecrow is a man-like figure made to scare birds and prevent them from eating the crops. Here Yahweh compares the idols to scarecrows because they are not capable of doing anything. 10:5 y84p cucumber 0 a vegetable that is usually long, with green skin and white flesh that contains much water 10:5 s7ty rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they have to be carried 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people have to carry them” 10:6 gd4l 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah has just been talking about idol worship. 10:6 n439 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your name is great in power 0 Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to himself and his reputation. Alternate translation: “you are very powerful” 10:7 c4dh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who does not fear you, king of the nations? 0 Jeremiah asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that everyone should fear Yahweh. Here he refers to Yahweh as “king of the nations.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Everyone should fear you, king of the nations.” 10:7 d3y9 what you deserve 0 Alternate translation: “what you have earned” 10:8 p37g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet They are all the same, they are brutish and stupid, disciples 0 The words “brutish” and “stupid” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how foolish the people are for worshiping idols. Alternate translation: “They are all very stupid, they are disciples” 10:8 hm7c disciples of idols that are nothing but wood 0 Alternate translation: “they try to learn from an idol which is only a piece of wood” 10:9 ni29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tarshish … Uphaz 0 places where silver and gold are mined 10:9 zr2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive gold from Uphaz made by artificers, the hands of refiners 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Also, the refiners are represented here by their “hands” because they do their work with their hands. Alternate translation: “gold from Uphaz that skilled craftsmen and refiners have made” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 10:9 a9y4 artificers 0 Alternate translation: “skilled craftsmen” 10:9 xa2h refiners 0 people who heat gold to remove from it anything that is not gold 10:9 e22z Their clothes are blue and purple cloth 0 Alternate translation: “The people dress the idols in blue and purple cloth” 10:10 mm4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The earth quakes at his anger 0 This speaks of the earth shaking as an emotional response to Yahweh’s anger, when actually Yahweh causes the earth to quake. Alternate translation: “The earth quakes when he is angry” 10:10 re97 quakes 0 Alternate translation: “shakes” 10:11 ng9f 0 # General Information:\n\nGod is speaking to Jeremiah. 10:11 bq56 You will speak to them like this 0 The word “you” refers to the Israelites and the word “them” refers to the people of the other nations. 10:11 csc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will perish from the earth 0 This speaks of the idols disappearing and losing their significance as if they were dying. This emphasizes their lack of power. Alternate translation: “will disappear from the earth” 10:12 sjc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor stretched out the heavens 0 This speaks of Yahweh creating the sky as if it were a large sheet that he stretched out. Alternate translation: “created the heavens” or “created the sky” 10:13 hlz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy His voice makes the roar of waters in the heavens 0 Here Yahweh is represented by his “voice” to emphasize his speech. The phrase “the roar of waters” refers to loud storms. Alternate translation: “His voice causes the storms in the sky” 10:13 b87n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he brings up the mists from the ends of the earth 0 This means that he causes the mists to evaporate and form clouds. The phrase “the ends of the earth” refers to all of the earth. Alternate translation: “he causes clouds to form over every part of the earth” 10:13 y78p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor sends out wind from his storehouse 0 This speaks of Yahweh causing the wind to blow as if the wind were kept in a storehouse and brought out when he desires. 10:13 h3h9 storehouse 0 a building where things are kept 10:14 rb7t has become ignorant 0 Alternate translation: “is lacking knowledge” or “does not know” 10:14 up7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Every metalworker is put to shame by his idols 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Every metalworker’s idols put him to shame” or “As for every metalworker, his idols shame him” 10:15 l8cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification they will perish at the time of their punishment 0 This speaks of the final destruction of the idols. Alternate translation: “there will be a time when God will destroy them” 10:16 gc2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the portion of Jacob 0 Here “Jacob” represents the people of Israel. God being their “portion” is an idiom that means that they worship him. Alternate translation: “the portion of Israel” or “whom the people of Israel worship” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 10:16 q8sb the molder of all things 0 Alternate translation: “the creator of all things” or “the one who created all things” 10:16 p7kl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Israel is the tribe of his inheritance 0 This speaks of Israel belonging to Yahweh as if it were something that Yahweh gained through inheritance. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Israel belongs to him” 10:17 hm4j Gather your bundle 0 Alternate translation: “Gather your belongings” 10:17 g8r9 who have been living under the siege 0 Alternate translation: “whose city has been surrounded by your enemies’ army” or “who have been living in your city while an enemy army surrounds it” 10:18 h5w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom See 0 Yahweh uses this word here to draw the peoples’ attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” 10:18 yy6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am about to throw the inhabitants of the land out this time 0 Here Yahweh speaks of causing the people to leave the land as if they were objects that he were throwing out of a container. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people living in the land to leave that land” 10:18 bz7p inhabitants of the land 0 Alternate translation: “people who live in the land” 10:18 ku2a distress 0 great pain or suffering 10:19 wud3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah is speaking as if he were the whole tribe of Israel. 10:19 k8py rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Woe to me! Because of my broken bones, my wound is infected 0 Jeremiah speaks of the peoples’ distress as if they were physically wounded by broken bones and infection. Alternate translation: “Woe to us! It is as though we have broken bones and an infected wound” 10:19 m4ix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche but I must bear it 0 Here Jeremiah represents the whole tribe of Israel. Alternate translation: “but we must bear it” 10:20 g663 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor My tent is devastated, and all of my tent cords are cut in two 0 Here Jeremiah speaks of the enemy having destroyed their city as if their tent had been destroyed. Alternate translation: “It is as though our great tent is destroyed; the ropes that held it up have been cut” or “The enemy has completely destroyed our city” 10:20 l9vb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive My tent is devastated 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “My enemy has devastated my tent” or “Our enemy has destroyed our tent” 10:20 plf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche They have taken my children away from me 0 Here Jeremiah represents the whole tribe of Israel. Alternate translation: “Our enemies have taken our children away from us” 10:20 tc5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor so they no longer exist 0 The children no longer existing is a metaphor for the parents never seeing them again. Alternate translation: “and it is like they no longer exist” or “and they will never return again” 10:20 n6v1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor There is no longer anyone to spread out my tent or to raise up my tent curtains 0 Here Jeremiah speaks of them not having descendants to rebuild their city as if their city were a tent that needs to be rebuilt. Alternate translation: “There is no one to rebuild our city” 10:21 x7r1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For the shepherds are stupid … all their flock has been scattered 0 Here the leaders of Israel are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were flocks of sheep. Alternate translation: “For the shepherds of our people are stupid … all the people of their flock have been scattered” 10:21 zmx4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive all their flock has been scattered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and their enemies have scattered all their flock” 10:22 r6v8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor See! It is coming, a great earthquake is coming 0 Here the marching enemy armies are spoken of as if they were an earthquake. The word “See!” is used here as an idiom to draw the listener’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Look! The enemy army is coming, they sound like a great earthquake as they are marching” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 10:22 t67q jackals 0 a type of fierce wild dog 10:23 vv9s 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah prays for the people of Israel. 10:23 iqa8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism that the way of a man does not come from himself. No person walking directs his own steps 0 These two phrases mean the same thing. This means that no one has control over the various things that will happen to him during his life. Alternate translation: “that no person controls what will happen to him; no one is able to direct the events that he will experience” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 10:25 kfn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Pour your fury on the nations 0 Here “the nations” refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “In your fury, punish the nations” or “In your anger, punish the nations of the people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 10:25 pi1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom that do not call on your name 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that do not worship you” 10:25 b1zn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism For they have devoured Jacob and consumed him so as to completely destroy him 0 These three phrases have the same meaning. Jeremiah repeats this idea three times to emphasize the utter destruction of Israel. This speaks of the enemy armies attacking the people of Israel as if the armies were a fierce animal attacking and devouring its prey. Alternate translation: “For they have fiercely attacked the people of Israel and consumed them so as to completely destroy them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 10:25 z8p8 demolish his habitation 0 Alternate translation: “demolish their homes” 11:intro tg7m 0 # Jeremiah 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 11:15–17, 20.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The covenant\n\nThe covenant Yahweh made with Moses is prominent in this chapter. Because the people disobeyed this covenant, God will not help them. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) 11:1 l9ym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said,” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah:” 11:2 q9d8 the inhabitants of Jerusalem 0 Alternate translation: “the people who live in Jerusalem” 11:3 d8vl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Cursed is anyone 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will curse anyone” 11:4 gi9b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor from the land of Egypt, from the furnace for smelting iron 0 This speaks of the horrible circumstances and oppression the Israelites were living in Egypt by comparing them to a smelting furnace. Alternate translation: “of Egypt. What happened to them in Egypt was terrible; it was as though they were living in a hot furnace” 11:4 q1a1 smelting 0 heating iron to liquid form 11:4 fni7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Listen to my voice 0 The word “voice” here is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and “listen” is a metonym for “obey.” Alternate translation: “Obey what I say” 11:5 dhd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the land flowing with milk and honey 0 “the land where milk and honey flow.” God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: “the land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 11:6 ts3p the words of this covenant 0 Alternate translation: “the terms of this covenant” 11:6 szb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom carry them out 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “obey them” 11:7 q8ju solemn 0 serious and important 11:7 k1gz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Listen to my voice 0 The word “voice” here is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and “listen” is a metonym for “obey.” Alternate translation: “Obey what I say” 11:8 uvr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Each person has been walking in the stubbornness of his wicked heart. 0 Here “walking” is an idiom for the way a person lives. The word “heart” is a metonym for a person’s desires and emotions. Alternate translation: “Each person has refused to change and has been living by his own wicked desires” or “Each person has refused to change and continues to do the evil things that they want to do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 11:8 dla5 So I brought all the curses in this covenant that I commanded to come against them 0 Alternate translation: “So I punished them with all the curses that I described in this covenant that I had commanded them to obey” 11:9 n1vg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive A conspiracy has been discovered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “There is a conspiracy” 11:9 n8g7 conspiracy 0 a secret plan to do something that is harmful or illegal 11:9 lr11 the inhabitants of Jerusalem 0 Alternate translation: “the people who live in Jerusalem” 11:10 g2wu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive They have turned to the iniquities of their earliest ancestors 0 The phrase “turned to” is an idiom that means to start doing something. Alternate translation: “They have returned to committing the same iniquities as their earliest ancestors committed” 11:10 u3ji walked after 0 Alternate translation: “followed after” 11:10 x1cg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “The kingdom of Israel” 11:10 u4q4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Judah 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” 11:11 sr2g See 0 This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” 11:12 cy8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The cities of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem 0 Here the “cities of Judah” represents the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “The people who live in the cities of Judah and in Jerusalem” 11:12 kpf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive but they will certainly not be saved by them 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but their gods will certainly not save them” 11:13 k26k to equal 0 Alternate translation: “to as many as” 11:13 d3q3 her streets 0 Alternate translation: “the streets in Jerusalem” 11:14 em49 You must not wail 0 Alternate translation: “You must not make a loud cry of sadness” 11:15 r1nl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why is my beloved one, the one who has had so many wicked intentions, in my house? 0 Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the people Judah no longer have a right to be in his temple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “My beloved one, the one who has had so many wicked intentions, should not be in my house.” 11:15 r9hb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor is my beloved one, the one who has had 0 The people of Judah are spoken of as if they were a single woman greatly beloved. Alternate translation: “are the people whom I love, those who have had” or “are the people of Judah whom I love, who have had” 11:16 ia9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor In the past Yahweh called you a leafy olive tree 0 In the Old Testament people were often compared to trees or plants. Those who were prosperous and healthy were spoken of as leafy, fruitful tree. Alternate translation: “In the past Yahweh said that you were like a leafy olive tree” 11:16 q1zk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will light a fire on it 0 This expression continues the metaphor of the tree. The fire stands for the destruction of the people. 11:16 jn51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile that will sound like the roar of a storm 0 This compares the sound of the raging fire to the sound of a severe storm. 11:16 bt3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive its branches will be broken 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it will break off your branches” 11:17 u8fc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the one who planted you 0 This speaks of Yahweh placing the people of Israel and Judah in the places where they live as if they were a tree that Yahweh had planted. Alternate translation: “who planted you like a farmer plants a tree” or “the one who placed you to live in the land of Israel and Judah” 11:17 b82g has decreed disaster against you 0 Alternate translation: “has decreed that disaster will come upon you” 11:17 cs7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” 11:17 p53z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Judah 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” 11:18 aeu2 Yahweh made me know these things, so I know them 0 “You have revealed things to me and so I know them.” The refers to Yahweh revealing to Jeremiah that his enemies were planning to kill him. 11:18 nd6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor made me see their deeds 0 The refers to Yahweh revealing to Jeremiah that his enemies were planning to kill him. This is spoken of here as if Jeremiah has already see their actions. Alternate translation: “have revealed to me their evil plans” 11:19 s72l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I was like a gentle lamb being led to a butcher 0 This speaks of Jeremiah being unaware of his enemies’ plans to kill him by comparing him to a lamb who is being led to be slaughtered. 11:19 msn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive being led to a butcher 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that my enemies were leading to a butcher” 11:19 jta1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Let us destroy the tree with its fruit 0 Here Jeremiah’s enemies speak of killing him as if he were a fruit tree that they were planning to destroy. 11:19 brr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Let us cut him off from the land of the living 0 The phrase “cut him off” means to destroy him. Also, “the living” refers to living people. Alternate translation: “Let us kill him so he is no longer in the land of those who are alive” or “Let us destroy him so that he is no longer among the world of living people” 11:19 cr3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive his name will be no longer remembered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will no longer remember his name” 11:20 xa3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the heart and the mind 0 The heart is a metonym for what a person feels and desires and “the mind” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides. Alternate translation: “a person’s feelings and thoughts” 11:20 u147 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I will witness your vengeance 0 The word “vengeance” here can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “I will watch you take revenge” 11:21 xz1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Anathoth 0 This is the name of a special city where priests live. 11:21 jh6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor seeking your life 0 This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. Alternate translation: “wanting to kill you” 11:21 m8v8 They say 0 “They say to me.” The men are speaking to Jeremiah. 11:21 g4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche you will die by our hand 0 Here the men refer to their “hand” to emphasize that they plan to kill him themselves. Alternate translation: “we ourselves will kill you” 11:22 d5xb Yahweh of hosts says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 11:22 y5mj See 0 This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” 11:22 kn5i vigorous young men 0 men at the strongest time of their lives 11:22 hgu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy will die by the sword 0 Here the “sword” represents battle. Alternate translation: “will die in battle” 11:23 k7a8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive None of them will be left 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will leave none of them” 11:23 wlv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom a year of their punishment 0 The word “year” here is a idiom that describes a specific period of time that Yahweh decides. Alternate translation: “in the time of their punishment” or “for the time of their punishment is coming” 12:intro mtm9 0 # Jeremiah 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 12:1–13.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Jeremiah complains that evil men prosper\n\nJeremiah complains that evil men prosper. He questions Yahweh’s justice. Yahweh’s response: if Jeremiah is upset by the people of Anathoth, how will he face enemies in Jerusalem? (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])\n\n### Yahweh’s grace to the other nations\n\nYahweh gives a gracious offer to the Gentile nations. If the other nations who have been against Judah leave their idols and worship God, then God will allow them to return to their lands. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]]) 12:1 h7ur 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah speaks to Yahweh. 12:1 v383 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the wicked 0 This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” 12:2 xd5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You planted them and they took root. They continue to produce fruit 0 Here Jeremiah speaks of the wicked as if they were fruit trees. Alternate translation: “They are like fruit trees that you planted, that you allow to prosper and to produce lots of fruit” 12:2 bj22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You are near to them in their mouths, but far away from their hearts 0 Here “mouths” represents what a person says. And, “hearts” represents what a person thinks or feels. Also, being loyal is spoken of as if it were being near a person, and being disloyal is spoken of as if it were being far away from a person. Alternate translation: “They always say good things about you, but they do not love or respect you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 12:3 kt44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my heart 0 Here the “heart” represents a person’s thoughts and true feelings. Alternate translation: “my thoughts” or “my inner feelings” 12:3 p1lp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Take them away like sheep to the slaughter 0 Here Jeremiah asks Yahweh to prepare to punish the wicked as if they were sheep to be taken away to be slaughtered. Alternate translation: “Take the wicked people away, like sheep for slaughter” or “Prepare to punish those wicked people” 12:3 jep3 the day of slaughter 0 Alternate translation: “the day they will be destroyed” 12:4 gvz5 How long will the land go on drying up … because of the wickedness of its inhabitants? 0 Their land is dry and rain has not come as punishment for the peoples’ wickedness. 12:4 bea9 wither 0 dry up 12:4 lm57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The animals and the birds have been taken away 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The animals and the birds are gone” or “The animals and the birds have all died” 12:4 a1hp God will not see what happens to us 0 This could mean: (1) The people are saying that God does not know what things will happen to them in their future or (2) God is unaware of their sin. Alternate translation: “God does not see the sinful things that we do” 12:5 hax2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion how can you compete against horses? 0 This rhetorical question implies that he would not be able to run with horses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will never compete well against horses.” 12:5 e5b2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis If you fall down 0 This refers to while the person is running. Alternate translation: “If you fall down while running” 12:5 km32 the safe countryside 0 This refers to the open countryside, where it is easy to travel quickly, in contrast to the overgrown thickets along the Jordan River, where it is difficult to move. 12:5 rki9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion how will you do in the thickets along the Jordan? 0 This rhetorical question implies that he would not be able to run through the thickets along the Jordan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will surely not be able to run in the thickets along the Jordan.” 12:5 c56k thickets 0 many bushes or small trees growing close together 12:6 g1pt denounced 0 to have accused someone publicly 12:7 js9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism I have abandoned my house; I have forsaken my inheritance. I have given my beloved into the hands of her enemies. 0 These three sentences have similar meanings. The first and second one strengthens the thought in the third. 12:7 v9at rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have abandoned my house; I have forsaken my inheritance 0 The two phrases are metaphors in which Yahweh speaks of his people as if they were his “house” and his “inheritance.” Alternate translation: “I have abandoned my Israelite people, the people whom I chose to belong to me” 12:7 v6xh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy into the hands of her enemies 0 Here the word “hands” represents control. Alternate translation: “to be conquered by her enemies” or “over to the control of her enemies” 12:7 ra61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification of her 0 Here Yahweh refers to his people as a female by using a feminine pronoun. Alternate translation: “of their” 12:8 n59e she sets herself against me with her own voice 0 This continues to speaks of Yahweh’s people as a lion. This speaks of the people showing they are against him as if they were roaring at him. Alternate translation: “it is like she roars at me to defy me” 12:8 ik2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification she sets herself … with her … hate her 0 Here Yahweh refers to his people as a female by using feminine pronouns. Alternate translation: “they set themselves … with their … hate them” 12:9 m995 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Has not my prized possession become a speckled bird, that other birds of prey go against her all around? 0 Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that his people are surrounded by their enemies. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “My prized possession has become a speckled bird and other birds of prey go against her all around.” 12:9 j8nr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Has not my prized possession 0 Here Yahweh speaks of his people as his “prized possession.” Alternate translation: “Have not my people, who are my prized possession” 12:9 rn3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor become a speckled bird, that other birds of prey go against her all around 0 Here Yahweh speaks of his people being in danger and surrounded by their enemies as if they were a speckled bird surrounded by birds of prey. Alternate translation: “become like a speckled bird, and her enemies are like birds of prey attacking her on all sides” 12:9 q57h a speckled bird 0 “a strange looking bird.” This refers to a bird that was often picked on and eaten by other birds. 12:9 l3t3 birds of prey 0 birds that attack and eat animals 12:9 idp1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe Go and gather all the wild beasts and bring them to devour her 0 Yahweh speaks here in the form of a command to strengthen what he says. This command is not directed to a specific person and may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Let all the wild beasts in the fields come and eat her” 12:10 jl5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Many shepherds have destroyed my vineyard 0 Here Yahweh speaks of his land and his people being destroyed by armies as if they were a vineyard that shepherds had destroyed. Alternate translation: “My people and my land are like a vineyard that many shepherds have destroyed” 12:10 nw8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Many shepherds have destroyed 0 Here the word “shepherds” refers to their sheep. Alternate translation: “Many shepherds have allowed their sheep to destroy” 12:10 dr86 They have stomped all over 0 Alternate translation: “They have crushed under their feet” 12:10 d5c7 my portion of land 0 Alternate translation: “the ground I planted” or “my field” 12:11 ry1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive All the land has been made desolate 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “All the land is desolate” 12:11 z4k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom takes it to heart 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cares” or “pays any attention” 12:12 uwl3 Destroyers have come 0 Alternate translation: “Destroying armies have come” 12:12 rbb1 bare places in the wilderness 0 Alternate translation: “places in the wilderness where nothing grows” 12:12 s2mb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor for Yahweh’s sword is devouring 0 Here Yahweh speaks of the armies that he is using to punish his people as being his “sword.” His”sword” is described here as if it were a large animal that attacked and devoured the people. Alternate translation: “for the armies are my sword that I am using to punish you” or “for I am sending the destroying armies to attack you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 12:12 c8pt from one end of the land to the other 0 This refers to the whole land that belongs to his people. 12:13 du4i They have sown wheat but harvest thornbushes 0 Alternate translation: “They have sown wheat, but there is nothing to harvest but thornbushes” 12:13 k4yk They have 0 Alternate translation: “My people have” 12:13 c3di thornbushes 0 a large plant that is covered in sharp points 12:13 jez5 exhausted 0 unable to do more, without any more strength 12:13 fby2 So be ashamed of your gain because of Yahweh’s anger 0 “So be ashamed of your tiny harvest because Yahweh is angry with you.” Here the word “gain” does not mean a large amount of something, but refers to a small amount. 12:14 w8dl strike at the possession 0 Alternate translation: “have been trying to take away the land” 12:14 c7h3 made my people Israel inherit 0 Alternate translation: “gave my people Israel as an inheritance” 12:14 e4jf See 0 This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” 12:14 b371 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to uproot them from their own ground 0 God speaks of forcing the people to leave their land as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. See how you translated this concept in [Jeremiah 1:10](../01/10.md). Alternate translation: “to make them leave their own land” 12:14 sv7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will pull up the house of Judah from among them 0 Here Yahweh speaks of causing the people of Judah to leave the lands of the other nations as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. Alternate translation: “I will cause the house of Judah to leave their lands as well” 12:14 ylh4 pull up 0 Alternate translation: “uproot” 12:14 t297 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Judah 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” 12:15 i4tb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I uproot those nations 0 God speaks of forcing the people to leave their land as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. Alternate translation: “I make those nations leave their lands and move to different places” 12:16 f6ti 0 # General Information:\n\nGod’s word about Judah’s neighbors. 12:16 i1wv It will come about that 0 Alternate translation: “It will happen that” 12:16 j3ji rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom As Yahweh lives 0 “As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Swearing in Yahweh’s name instead of in Baal’s name indicates that they worship Yahweh instead of Baal. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” 12:16 uph7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they will be built up in the midst of my people 0 This speaks of the people becoming prosperous as if they were a building that was being built. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will build them up in the midst of my people” or “I will make them wealthy and they will live among my people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 12:16 pe5g midst 0 middle 12:17 w4yd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 13:intro ky38 0 # Jeremiah 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 13:15–27.\n\n### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Symbolism\n\nThe action of hiding the undergarment was intended to be a symbolic event. It was supposed to get the Jews’ attention and be a lesson for them to learn. Jeremiah performed the action, but it was not the action itself that was important. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 13:1 yq1d linen 0 a type of very fine cloth 13:1 puq2 undergarment 0 clothing that people wear under their clothes; underwear 13:1 d4jw waist 0 the middle part of the body, usually the narrowest, between the hips and chest 13:1 kf2e do not put it in water first 0 Alternate translation: “do not wash it or get it wet” 13:3 z13h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to me a second time, saying, 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message a second time. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this second message to me:” 13:4 b7b3 rock crevice 0 a space between rocks or a crack in a rock, big enough to put something into it 13:8 wf3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” 13:9 a1zp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy of Judah and Jerusalem 0 Here Judah and Jerusalem refer to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “of the people of Judah and Jerusalem” 13:10 j3d9 to listen to my word 0 Alternate translation: “to obey what I say” 13:10 rn4k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom who walk in the hardness of their heart 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “who are stubborn and only do the things they desire” 13:11 z1xb clings to … cling to me 0 Alternate translation: “sticks to … stick to me” or “stays close to … stay close to me” 13:11 t4mp all the house of … all the house of 0 Alternate translation: “all the people of … all the people of” 13:11 uak7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” 13:11 h7ch rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Judah 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” 13:11 b9j5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 13:12 sbk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Every jar will be filled with wine … every jar will be filled with wine 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Every wineskin should be full of wine … every wineskin should be full of wine” or “Every wine jar should be full of wine … every wine jar should be full of wine” 13:13 bv6t See 0 This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” 13:13 g8y3 fill with drunkenness every inhabitant of this land 0 Alternate translation: “cause all the people of this land to be drunk” 13:13 e418 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the kings who sit on David’s throne 0 Here the throne that the king of Judah sits on is represented as “David’s throne.” Alternate translation: “the kings who sit on Judah’s throne” or “the kings of the nation of Judah” 13:14 e1iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations smash each man against the other, fathers and children together 0 Here the words “each man” refer to both men and women. Alternate translation: “Then I will cause the people to fight with each other, even parents and children will fight one another” 13:14 g1jc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis fathers and children together 0 The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “I will smash fathers and children together” 13:14 kq6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 13:14 n1g8 I will not pity 0 Alternate translation: “I will not feel sorry for” 13:14 p3a5 will not spare them from destruction 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will allow them to be destroyed” 13:15 d8mp arrogant 0 falsely believing oneself to be important 13:16 wwm1 he brings darkness 0 Here trouble and despair are spoken of as if they were “darkness.” Alternate translation: “he brings trouble and despair” or “he cause great troubles to come” 13:16 f21v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche before he causes your feet to stumble 0 Here a person is referred to by his “feet” to emphasize that he is walking. Alternate translation: “before he causes you to trip and fall as you walk” 13:16 nkc1 twilight 0 early morning or evening when it is partially dark, when the sun is beginning to rise or when the sun is almost set 13:16 lg6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For you are hoping for light, but he will turn the place into a deep darkness, into a dark cloud 0 This speaks of goodness and blessings as “light” and of trouble and despair as “darkness.” Alternate translation: “For you were hoping for light and blessings, but Yahweh will give you darkness and great despair--you will feel like you are surrounded by a dark cloud” 13:17 k2pj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive for Yahweh’s flock has been taken captive 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for enemies have captured Yahweh’s flock” 13:17 j4z9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor for Yahweh’s flock has been taken captive 0 Here Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh’s people as Yahweh’s “flock” because he cares for them like a shepherd cares for his sheep. This event has not happened yet, but it is written here as if it already has. This can be written in future tense. Alternate translation: “for you who are Yahweh’s flock, your enemies will soon capture you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) 13:18 f5bj 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh is continuing to talk to Jeremiah. He is telling Jeremiah what to say to the king of Judah and the king’s mother. 13:18 ihz2 queen mother 0 the mother of the king 13:18 i8em rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction for your splendid crowns have fallen from your heads 0 A king and queen mother wear crowns to represent their royal positions as the king and queen mother. Also, this event has not happened yet, but it is written here as if it already has. This can be written in future tense. Alternate translation: “for you will no longer be the king and queen mother, for your crowns, your pride and glory, will fall off” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) 13:19 jw8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The cities in the Negev will be shut up, with no one to open them 0 This means that the cities will be surrounded by their enemies, who will not allow anyone to go in or come out of the cities. Alternate translation: “The cities in the Negev will be shut up, and no one will be able to go into them or come out of them” 13:19 r9z3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The cities in the Negev will be shut up 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will shut the cities in the Negev up” 13:19 hr6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy All Judah will be taken captive, completely taken captive 0 Here “Judah” represents the people who live there. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemies will take all of the people of Judah captive into exile” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 13:20 qx4s 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh is talking to the people of Jerusalem. 13:20 s5yj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Lift up your eyes and look at the ones coming from the north 0 Here the word “look” is an idiom that means to pay attention and be aware of what is happening. Also, “Lift up your eyes” represents looking at something. Alternate translation: “Pay attention and be aware of the ones coming from the north” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 13:20 ve51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the ones coming from the north 0 This refers an enemy army that will come from the north. Alternate translation: “the enemy army coming from the north” or “the enemy army marching from the north” 13:20 iny8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Where is the flock he gave to you, the flock that was so beautiful to you? 0 This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that the people of Judah will be captured by the enemy armies. This question is asked as if the people of Judah had already been captured even though this has not yet happened. The question can be written as a statement and in future tense. Alternate translation: “I gave you the people of Judah to care for, like a beautiful flock of sheep, but the enemy army will capture them.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) 13:20 e5mm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the flock 0 This speaks of the people of Judah as a “flock” of sheep to emphasize that the leaders of Judah were supposed to care for them and look after them. 13:21 t9l3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What will you say when God sets over you those you had trained to be your special allies? 0 This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that the people who Judah’s leaders thought they were at peace with will conquer them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “The people you thought were your friends will conquer you and rule over you.” 13:21 br9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are these not the beginnings of the labor pains that will seize you just like a woman in childbirth? 0 Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to tell the people that their capture is just the beginning of the suffering they will go through. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “These things that you will suffer are like the beginning of the labor pains of a woman in childbirth.” 13:22 i8we rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism that your skirts are raised up and you have been violated 0 This means that the enemy soldiers will rape the Judean women. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the enemy soldiers will lift up the skirts of your women and rape them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 13:23 wyf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can the people of Cush change their skin color, or a leopard change its spots? 0 This rhetorical question is used to state an example of something that is impossible. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Also, the understood verb “can” maybe be supplied in the second phrase. Alternate translation: “The people of Cush cannot change their skin color and a leopard cannot change its spots.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 13:23 m8ie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony If so, then you yourself, although accustomed to wickedness, would be able to do good 0 This statement is ironic because the examples about the Cushite and the leopard are impossible situations. This states that if those impossible things could happen then they could do good. Alternate translation: “Just like these things are impossible, so it is also impossible for you who always do evil to do good” 13:24 rw5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile I will scatter them like chaff that perishes in the desert wind 0 “I will scatter them like chaff that is blown away by the wind.” Yahweh is saying He will scatter His people throughout the world just as chaff is scattered by the wind. 13:26 pid5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I myself will strip your skirts off you, and your private parts will be seen. 0 This means that Yahweh will make them feel ashamed. It does not in any way mean that he will rape them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It is as though I myself will strip your skirts off of you so that everyone will see your private parts and you will be ashamed” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 13:27 r896 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor neighing 0 This is the sound of a male horse desiring a female horse. Alternate translation: “lusting” 14:intro pqn1 0 # Jeremiah 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:1–10, 17–22.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### False prophets\n\nThe false prophets promised there would not be any war or drought. They gave people a false sense of hope, when they needed to repent. Because of this, Yahweh sent a drought and said that the false prophets would die of drought and war. This showed that these were not true prophets of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) 14:1 dvb6 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has just talked about the adultery of the people. 14:1 c8lt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” 14:2 cn9g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Let Judah mourn 0 Here “Judah” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “Let the people of Judah mourn” 14:2 zct6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche let her gates fall apart 0 Here the word “gates,” which keep enemies out of cities and where people conduct business and government, is a synecdoche for Judah’s cities, and Judah’s cities are a metonym for the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “let her cities fall apart” or “let the people in her cities become unable to defend themselves” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 14:2 twu5 fall apart 0 Alternate translation: “fall into pieces” 14:2 qu68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom their cries for Jerusalem are going up 0 The phrase “going up” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “They are calling out loudly in prayer for Jerusalem” 14:3 v2l2 Their mighty ones 0 Alternate translation: “The rich people” 14:3 z6ul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ashamed and dishonored 0 Both of these words have similar meaning and together emphasize that the servants were ashamed that they were unable to get water. 14:3 drx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction they cover their heads 0 In biblical times, people would wear a headcovering to show that they were ashamed. 14:4 l4rv 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has continued to tell the people about the drought. 14:4 je8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction The plowmen are ashamed and cover their heads 0 In biblical times, people would wear a headcovering to show that they were ashamed. 14:5 yca3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism the doe leaves her young in the fields and abandons them 0 These two phrase have the same meaning and emphasize that the doe leaves her young deer because she cannot provide for them. A doe is a female deer. Alternate translation: “the deer leaves her young in the field” 14:5 q5hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit for there is no grass 0 This means that there is no grass for the deer to eat. Alternate translation: “for there is no grass for them to eat” 14:6 rv34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile they pant in the wind like jackals 0 This speaks of the donkeys panting because they are thirsty by saying that they pant like jackals. Jackals are fiece wild dog which pant a lot. Alternate translation: “they pant in the wind like thirsty jackals” 14:6 sa12 Their eyes fail to work, for there is no vegetation 0 Alternate translation: “They become blind because there is no grass to eat” 14:7 u1uz 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has just told the people about the drought. 14:7 a7md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification our iniquities testify against us 0 Here their “iniquities” are spoken of as if they were people who testified against them about their wrong doing. Alternate translation: “our iniquities give evidence of our wrongdoing” 14:7 hdk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for the sake of your name 0 Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to his reputation. Alternate translation: “for the sake of your reputation” or “in order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises” 14:8 t2bf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Hope of Israel 0 This is another name for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “You are the hope of Israel” 14:8 pi7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism why will you be like a stranger in the land, like a foreign wanderer who stretches out and spends just one night? 0 The people are asking if Yahweh is unconcerned with his people and unable to help them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you should not be like a stranger in the land, like a foreign wanderer who stretches out and spends just one night.” 14:8 m5rq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile why will you be like a stranger in the land, like a foreign wanderer … just one night 0 This question speaks of the possibility of Yahweh being unconcerned with helping his people as if he were a stranger just travelling though a place unconcerned with those living there. 14:9 i24n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Why are you like someone who is astounded, or like a warrior who has no power to rescue? 0 This speaks of the possibility of Yahweh being unable to help his people as if he were a confused warrior who was unable to rescue anyone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do nothing to help us, like someone who is astounded or like a warrior who has no power to rescue us.” 14:9 np92 astounded 0 unable to understand or to think clearly 14:9 s46u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive your name is called over us 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This speaks of the people being Yahweh’s people by saying that his name is over them. Alternate translation: “we bear your name” or “we are your people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 14:10 jb8u 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah has been praying and asking Yahweh not to leave them alone. 14:10 u7uz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they love to wander 0 “they love to wander away from me.” This speaks of people being unfaithful to Yahweh and not obey him as if they had wandered from the place where he is. 14:10 x599 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche have not held back their feet 0 Here the people are referred to by their “feet” to emphasize their walking away from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “have not kept themselves” 14:10 t4hn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom calls to mind 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remembers” or “recalls” 14:11 i69u on behalf of 0 Alternate translation: “to assist” or “to help” 14:12 a2l9 wailing 0 loudly crying because of sorrow 14:12 vgw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism I will put an end to them 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to die” 14:12 c1vk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy by sword 0 Here war is represented by the “sword” which was the common weapon used in battle. Alternate translation: “by war” or “by battle” 14:13 xfr8 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh has just told Jeremiah not to pray for the people of Judah. 14:13 l6t3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You will not see the sword 0 Here “sword” represents war, and to “see” represents experiencing. Alternate translation: “You will not experience any war” 14:13 sd1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will give you true security 0 Here “security” is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could give to another person. Alternate translation: “I will allow you to live securely” or “I will allow you to live peacefully” 14:14 jsc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns prophesy deceit 0 The word “deceit” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “prophesy deceitfully” 14:14 xd4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in my name 0 This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. 14:14 jv6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I did not send them out 0 This means that Yahweh did not send them out with messages to give to the people. Alternate translation: “I did not send them to prophesy to other people” 14:14 t2xs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor coming from their own minds 0 Here “minds” are spoken of as if they were a place instead of the ability to think of ideas. Alternate translation: “that they think up themselves” 14:15 p8k9 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah has just been talking to Yahweh about the things the false prophets have been prophesying. 14:15 kl3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in my name 0 This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:14](../14/14.md). 14:15 q47z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy there will be no sword … perish by sword 0 Here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “there will be no war … perish by war” 14:16 yx8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy famine and sword 0 Here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “famine and war” 14:16 ex5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Then the people to whom they prophesied will be thrown out in the streets of Jerusalem because of famine and sword 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This means that whole families will die and people will throw their bodies into the streets instead of burying them. Alternate translation: “Then the people to whom they prophesied will die by famine and sword and people will throw their bodies into the streets of Jerusalem” 14:16 vjb4 their wives, their sons, or their daughters 0 This describes who is referred to by the word “them,” that is, everyone who died by famine and sword. 14:16 wam5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will pour out their wickedness on them 0 Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people in accordance to their wicknedness as if their own wickedness were a liquid that he would pour upon them. Alternate translation: “I will punish them like they deserve to be punished” 14:17 m8yd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism night and day 0 Here two opposite times of the day are given to mean all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time, both night and day” 14:17 v4hr incurable wound 0 a cut or break in skin that cannot be cured 14:18 kwc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who were killed by the sword 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Also, here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “who died by the sword” or “who died in war” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 14:18 xa86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy there are the diseases that are caused by famine 0 Here the “diseases” represent the people who have these diseases because of their starvation. Alternate translation: “there are the ones who are sick because of famine” 14:18 uax5 wander 0 move around without purpose 14:18 nrq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they do not know 0 It may be helpful to state what they do not know. Alternate translation: “they do not know what they are doing” 14:19 bxi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis for a time of healing 0 The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “we hoped for a time of healing” 14:20 z8n3 We admit, Yahweh, our offenses, the iniquity of our ancestors 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh, we admit our wicked offenses and our ancestors’ iniquity” 14:21 ur4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy For the sake of your name 0 Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to his reputation. Alternate translation: “For the sake of your reputation” or “In order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises” 14:21 h4sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your glorious throne 0 Yahweh’s “throne” is represented by Zion, that is Jerusalem. His “throne” also represents the place where he rules as king. Alternate translation: “do disgrace Zion where you glorious throne is” or “do not disgrace Zion, where you rule as king” 14:22 my15 can the skies themselves send down showers 0 Alternate translation: “Can the skies decide when they make the rain to fall?” 15:intro ebq4 0 # Jeremiah 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:2, 5–21.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Do not pray for the people\n\nGod told Jeremiah not to pray for the people because God was punishing them. This was meant to be an illustration for Jeremiah. Jeremiah was not to pray because the punishment was already determined. Yahweh also explains that even the great Moses could not help the sinful Jews. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n### Yahweh uses Gentile nations\n\nYahweh is going to use the Gentile nations to punish Judah. This would have been very offensive to the Jews. They would have also been surprised to learn that Yahweh was using the Gentile nations to punish his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 15:1 w1rn 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah has just been praying to Yahweh. 15:1 az7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit were standing in front of me, I would still not be in favor of this people 0 This implies that they are pleading for Yahweh to spare the people. Alternate translation: “were standing in front of me pleading for these people, I would still not be in favor of them” 15:1 g56c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Send them out from before me, for them to go away 0 Yahweh repeats this idea of sending away his people to add emphasis to it. 15:2 i7zf Those who are for 0 Alternate translation: “Those whom I have appointed to go to” 15:2 a7na rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor should go to death 0 This speaks of dying as if death were a place that people can go to. Alternate translation: “should die” 15:2 qrc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy those who are for the sword should go to the sword 0 Here the “sword” represents war. To be “for the sword” means that God has appointed them to die in war. Alternate translation: “those whom I have appointed to die in war should go to die in war” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 15:2 s5vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Those who are for famine should go to famine 0 This means that Yahweh has appointed these to die because of famine, and these words speak of dying by famine as if “famine” were a place that people can go to. Alternate translation: “Those whom I have appointed to die by famine should go and die by famine” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 15:2 ub7g should go to captivity 0 Alternate translation: “should go into captivity” 15:3 xfn3 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh has just told them he will send some of them to death, some to die by the sword, some to die by famine, and some to be captives. 15:3 b44y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the sword 0 Here the “sword” refers to the enemy soldiers. Alternate translation: “the enemy soldiers” 15:4 etb6 I will make of them 0 Here the word “them” refers to the people of Judah, not to the four groups listed in the previous verse. 15:4 g2xb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit because of what Manasseh … did in Jerusalem 0 Manasseh was a very wicked king who did many evil things in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “because of the wicked things that Manasseh … did in Jerusalem” 15:5 sb18 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh has just told them he will assign them to four groups to kill them—the sword, dogs, birds, and beasts. 15:5 lb4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion For who will have compassion for you, Jerusalem? Who will grieve for you? 0 Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one should mourn for Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one should have compassion on you, Jerusalem. No one should mourn for your destruction.” 15:5 wfj2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for you, Jerusalem 0 Here “Jerusalem” refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “for you people who live in Jerusalem” 15:6 es4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism You have forsaken me … you have gone back from me 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people have, indeed, forsaken Yahweh. 15:6 w5w5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 15:6 hk2v gone back from me 0 Alternate translation: “left me” or “gone away from me” 15:6 ub2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will strike you with my hand 0 Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “I will use my power to strike you” 15:7 xa8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor So I will winnow them with a pitchfork at the gates of the land 0 Here Yahweh speaks of scattering the people and causing them to leave Jersalem as if they were winnowed chaff being blown away on the wind. 15:7 i5zm pitchfork 0 a farm tool with a long handle and sharp metal prongs, used especially for lifting and tossing grain in the air for winnowing 15:7 tdb1 I will bereave them 0 Alternate translation: “I will cause their children to die” or “I will let their enemies kill their children” 15:8 lzr4 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh has just told them no one will care about them and that he will destroy his people since they would not turn from their wicked ways. 15:8 pg9y widows 0 women whose husbands have died 15:8 zf6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole more than the sands of the seashore 0 “than the grains of sand on the seashore.” This comparison is an exaggeration used to emphasize an uncountable number. Alternate translation: “more than you can count” 15:8 xv7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Against the mothers of young men I will send the destroyer at noonday 0 This means that Yahweh will send an enemy army to kill young men, which will cause their mothers great sorrow. Alternate translation: “At noonday I will send an enemy army to destroy young men and cause their mothers to weep” 15:8 rv53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom fall on them 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “happen to them” 15:9 ab1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet She will be ashamed and embarrassed 0 The words “ashamed” and “embarrassed” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of shame. Alternate translation: “She will be completely ashamed” 15:9 ysv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom will waste away 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will grow faint” 15:9 syp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Her sun will set while it is still day 0 This speaks of a woman becoming sorrowful because her children have died, as if her life were a day in which the sun had set early and turned to darkness. Here the darkness represents her sorrow. Alternate translation: “Because of her sorrow, it will be as though the sun has set and her day has turned to darkness” 15:9 e2fw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will give those who remain to the sword in the presence of their enemies 0 Here the “sword” represents the enemy soldiers. This means that Yahweh will allow the enemy solider to kill any of her children that remain. Alternate translation: “I will allow the enemy soldiers to kill those of her children that remain alive” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 15:9 yh62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 15:10 tf3x 0 # General Information:\n\nIn these verse, Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh about his suffering, and Yahweh answers him. 15:10 bwu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe Woe to me, my mother 0 Jeremiah pretends to speak to his mother as a way to emphasize how sad he is. 15:10 z3f7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet a man of controversy and argument 0 The words “controversy” and “argument” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize how much Jeremiah is arguing. Alternate translation: “a man with whom everyone argues all the time” 15:10 pi56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I have not lent, nor has anyone lent to me 0 This refers to lending money to people. Often lending money causes people to fight with one another. Alternate translation: “I have not lent money to anyone, nor has anyone lent money to me” or “I have not made anyone angry by lending or borrow money and then quarreling about it” 15:11 jwd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will I not rescue you for good? 0 The implicit answer to this rhetorical question is “yes.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will certainly rescue you for good!” 15:11 hg1a your enemies 0 Those are the enemies of Jeremiah who disagreed with his prophecies. 15:11 t2nb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet in the time of calamity and distress 0 Here the words “calamity” and “distress” mean basically the same thing. They emphasize the amount or intensity of the calamity. Alternate translation: “in the time of great calamity” 15:12 gp33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can one smash iron? Especially iron from the north that is mixed with bronze? 0 In these questions Yahweh speaks of the strength of Judah’s enemies as if they were iron mixed with bronze. These rhetorical questions can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can smash iron, especially if it is as strong as the iron from the north that is mixed with bronze.” or “But Judah’s enemies, who are as strong as iron or bronze, will attack Judah from the north, no one will be able to stop them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 15:13 m4cc 0 # General Information:\n\nIn these verse, Yahweh speaks to the nation of Israel as if it were one person. 15:13 r9fq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet wealth and treasures 0 The words “wealth” and “treasures” mean the same thing and refer to anything that people consider to be valuable. 15:13 cy1n plunder 0 things that you steal from a city after conquering it 15:13 c2bt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive all your sins committed 0 This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “all of the sins you have committed” 15:13 dzj5 within all your borders 0 Alternate translation: “throughout your country” 15:14 e1nj a land that you do not know 0 Alternate translation: “to a land that is strange to you” 15:14 p77q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor for a fire will ignite, kindled in my wrath against you 0 The wrath of God is spoken of as if it were a destructive fire. Alternate translation: “I will destroy you because I am very angry with you” 15:14 y1s1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor for a fire will ignite, kindled in my wrath against you 0 Here Yahweh speaks of his wrath as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: “for my wrath is like a fire that I will kindle against you” or “for I will come against you in my wrath, and my wrath will be like a burning fire” 15:14 ap1i kindled 0 to light a fire 15:15 mlt5 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah speaks to Yahweh. 15:15 lk6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit You are patient, but do not allow them to take me away 0 Jeremiah is asking Yahweh not to be patient with the sins of his enemies. The phrase “take me away” refers to him being killed. Alternate translation: “Please do not continue to be patient with them and allow them to kill me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 15:16 ds55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Your words have been found 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have heard your message” 15:16 a55i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I consumed them 0 Jeremiah speaks of listening and understanding Yahweh’s message as if it were food that he ate. Alternate translation: “I understood your message” 15:16 f4hq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the delight of my heart 0 Here the “heart” represents a person emotions and feelings. Alternate translation: “what I love most” 15:16 se2v I bear your name 0 Alternate translation: “people know that I serve you” 15:17 xx62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I did not sit in the circle of 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I did not spend time with” 15:17 lst3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor of your powerful hand 0 Here Yahweh’s “powerful hand” refers to his control and influence over Jeremiah. Alternate translation: “you powerfully influence me” or “you are the one who controls what I do” 15:18 xb1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why is my pain ongoing and my wound incurable, refusing to be healed? 0 Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to emphasize his pain. He speaks of his pain as if it were a physical wound. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “My pain is ongoing, it is like a wound that will not heal.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 15:18 f64w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification refusing to be healed 0 This speaks of Jeremiah’s wound as if it were a person that refuses to be healed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that will not heal” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 15:18 c2kw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you be like deceitful waters to me, waters that dry up? 0 Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he feels like he cannot depend on Yahweh. He speaks of this as if Yahweh were a stream that dries up. Alternate translation: “It feels like you are undependable to me, like a stream I go to for a drink only to find it dried up.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 15:19 l1n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile you will be like my mouth 0 Jeremiah is compared to the mouth of Yahweh because he will be used to speak Yahweh’s message. Alternate translation: “you will speak for me” 15:19 ud46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns you yourself 0 The pronoun, “yourself”, is used here to emphasis the command was specifically for Jeremiah. 15:20 gf1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like an impenetrable bronze wall to this people 0 Yahweh compares Jeremiah to a wall because the people will not be able to defeat him. Alternate translation: “I will make you strong, like a bronze wall” 15:20 nx8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they will wage war against you 0 This speaks of the people fighting with Jeremiah as if he were an army that they waged war against. Alternate translation: “they will fight against you” or “they will oppose you” 15:20 z1e8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet save and rescue 0 The words “save” and “rescue” mean the same thing and emphasize the safety that God promises. 15:21 bet8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism rescue you from … and redeem you from 0 These phrases have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize the safety that God provides. 15:21 z99x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of the wicked … the hand of the tyrant 0 Here the word “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the control of the wicked … the control of the tyrant” 15:21 lwc5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the wicked 0 This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” 15:21 mm5k tyrant 0 a ruler who demands absolute obedience and is not friendly for the people under his rule 16:intro mts4 0 # Jeremiah 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 16:19–21. This poem also continues in chapter 17, and these should be seen as one section.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Coming punishment\n\nThe punishment that is prophesied in this chapter will happen quickly. The author gives many illustrations which describe how quickly this punishment will come. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n### Israel restored\n\nGod will bring his people back from captivity. Even though the punishment of Judah will be great, Yahweh promised a future restoration. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) 16:1 iq2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” 16:4 bdx2 They will die diseased deaths 0 Alternate translation: “They will die from deadly diseases” 16:4 nm5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive They will not be mourned or buried 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one will mourn for them or bury them” 16:4 paq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile They will be like dung on the ground 0 The sons and daughters born in the land are compared to dung on the ground to emphasize that they will be disgusting and that no one will bury them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 8:2](../08/02.md). 16:4 b995 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism they will come to an end by sword and famine 0 The phrase “come to an end” is a mild way to say that they will die. The word “sword” represents an army whose soldiers fight with swords. The phrase represents dying in battle. Alternate translation: “they will die in battle or from famine” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 16:5 irw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, ‘Do 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said, ‘Do” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me: ‘Do” 16:5 byl9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns where there is mourning 0 The word “mourning” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people are mourning” 16:5 e7zp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have taken away my peace from this people … and my steadfast love and mercy 0 Yahweh speaks of no longer acting towards the people with peace, steadfast love, and mercy as if these were items that he has taken away from them. Alternate translation: “I will no longer act towards them with peace … or with steadfast love and mercy” 16:5 fg62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 16:6 ngj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism Both the great and the small will 0 This refers to all kinds of people and uses size to refer to how important they are. Alternate translation: “Both the important and the unimportant” or “Many people, regardless of how important they are, will” 16:6 k2n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive They will not be buried 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one will bury them” 16:6 s8kp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction no one will … cut themselves or shave their heads for them 0 Cutting oneself and shaving one’s head were symbolic actions that expressed strong grief, especially when a loved one died. 16:7 t3iq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism No one must share any food in mourning to comfort them because of the deaths … none must give a comforting cup to his father or his mother 0 These two clauses have a similar meaning. God said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. It was customary to take food or wine to people whose relative had died. Yahweh has removed all comfort from the people because of their sin. 16:7 ae18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy none must give a comforting cup 0 Here the word “cup” represents the drink that the cup holds. Alternate translation: “none must give a comforting drink” 16:8 rzm9 a banquet house 0 Alternate translation: “a house where people are feasting” 16:9 z6t7 Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 16:9 hq3r See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” 16:9 fxi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you before your eyes 0 Here the word “your” is plural and refers to the people of Israel. The idiom means that Yahweh will do this where they can see. Alternate translation: “in front of you” or “where you can see” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 16:9 b3s5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom in your days 0 This idiom means during their lifetime. Alternate translation: “during your lifetime” 16:9 lki1 the sound of joy and the sound of gladness, the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:34](../07/34.md). 16:11 fq83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism worshiped and bowed down to them 0 The words “bowed down to” mean basically the same thing as “worshiped” and describe the posture that people used in worship. God said essentially the same thing twice for emphasis. 16:12 cu97 ancestors, for see, each person 0 Alternate translation: “ancestors. Look at these people and you will see that each person” 16:12 c169 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor walking by the stubbornness of his wicked heart 0 Yahweh speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking along a path. Here the word “heart” represents the mind or will. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 11:8](../11/08.md). Alternate translation: “stubbornly doing the wicked things that he wants to do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 16:12 qh3g who listens to me 0 Alternate translation: “who does what I tell him to do” 16:13 y41b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor throw you from this land 0 Yahweh speaks of forcefully removing the people from the land as if he were throwing them from the land. Alternate translation: “force you to leave this land and go” 16:13 e16l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism by day and night 0 The mention of both “day” and “night” means all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “continually” 16:14 em2d behold 0 The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. 16:14 l615 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive when it will no longer be said 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when people will no longer say” 16:14 xr81 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom As Yahweh lives 0 “As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” 16:16 mt7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will send for many fishermen … so they will fish the people out 0 Yahweh speaks of enemy armies who will attack and kill the people as if they were fishermen who are catching fish. 16:16 mx2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 16:16 y22w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will send for many hunters so they will hunt for them among 0 Yahweh speaks of enemy armies who will attack and kill the people as if they were hunters who are hunting animals. 16:17 l1xj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my eye is on all their ways 0 Here the word “eye” represents Yahweh who sees all that they do. Alternate translation: “I am watching everything they do” 16:17 c7ju rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they cannot be hidden from before me 0 Here the word “they” may refer either to the people or to their actions. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they cannot hide from me” or “they cannot hide their ways from me” 16:17 f9r8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Their iniquity cannot be concealed from before my eyes 0 Here the word “eyes” represents Yahweh who sees. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They cannot conceal their iniquity from me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 16:18 tpe4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor for their polluting of my land 0 Yahweh speaks of causing the land to be unacceptable to him as if the people had polluted the land. The words “their polluting” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because they have polluted my land” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 16:18 sq29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom for their filling my inheritance with their disgusting idols 0 The idiom “to fill” means that they have placed many idols in the land. The words “their filling” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because they have filled my inheritance with their disgusting idols” or “because their disgusting idols are everywhere in my inheritance” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 16:18 wkp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my inheritance 0 Yahweh speaks of the land as if it were his inheritance that he has claimed as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “the land that is my inheritance” 16:19 rt34 Yahweh, you are my stronghold 0 Here Jeremiah begins speaking to Yahweh. 16:19 y75t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my stronghold and my refuge, my place of safety 0 Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as a place where enemies cannot attack him. He repeats the same idea three times. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 16:19 x7cn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The nations will go to you 0 Here the word “nations” represents the people from the nations. Alternate translation: “The people from the nations will go to you” or “The people of the nations will come to you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) 16:19 nk1x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the ends of the earth 0 This is an idiom that means the farthest places on the earth. By referencing both ends, it refers to everywhere in between. Alternate translation: “the farthest places on the earth” or “everywhere on earth” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) 16:19 c5xl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy our ancestors inherited deceit 0 Here the word “deceit” refers to false gods. Alternate translation: “our ancestors inherited nothing but false gods” 16:19 jrc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism They are empty; there is no profit in them 0 Here the words “They” and “them” refer to the false gods that the ancestors taught them to believe in. The two phrases mean basically the same thing, with the second explaining how they “are empty.” 16:20 y3fg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do people make gods for themselves? But they are not gods 0 The people ask this rhetorical question to emphasize that people cannot make gods for themselves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “People cannot make gods for themselves. The things that they make are not gods” 16:21 gwn6 Therefore see 0 “Therefore, indeed.” Here Yahweh begins speaking. The word “see” adds emphasis to what follows. 16:21 fz8r I will cause them to know 0 Here the word “them” refers to the people from the nations. Yahweh repeats this phrase for emphasis. 16:21 cs55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my hand and my power 0 Here the word “hand” refers to power and authority. The two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize Yahweh’s great power. Alternate translation: “my great power” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 16:21 hl7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy they will know that Yahweh is my name 0 Here the word “name” refers to Yahweh’s entire person. Alternate translation: “they will know that I am Yahweh, the true God” 17:intro l48r 0 # Jeremiah 17 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 17:1–18. This poem is a continuation of 16:19–21, and these should be seen as one section.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Trusting God or humans\n\nTrust is an important part of this chapter. Those who trust in human wisdom will not prosper. Those who trust in God will have all of their needs met. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Simile\n\nThe person who depends on the power of other people is compared to a bush in the desert which always has to struggle for life. But the person who trusts in God is like a tree growing by a stream and has all his needs supplied. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 17:1 f2as rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 17:1 qcz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The sin of Judah is written … on the horns of your altars 0 Yahweh speaks of Judah’s sins being so great that they cannot stop committing them as if someone had engraved their sin permanently. 17:1 ntb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The sin of Judah is written 0 Here the word “Judah” represents the people of Judah. This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone has written the sin of Judah” 17:1 r9u2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive It is engraved 0 This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone has engraved it” 17:1 t19m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche engraved on the tablet of their hearts 0 The sinful habits of the people are spoken of as if their sins had been engraved on their own hearts. The word “hearts” refers to the whole person: their thoughts, emotions, and actions. Alternate translation: “engraved in their very beings” 17:1 gc1k on the horns of your altars 0 The word “horns” refers to the projections on the corners of the altars. 17:3 ve7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet your wealth and all your treasures 0 The words “wealth” and “treasures” mean the same thing and refer to anything that they consider valuable. 17:3 gfz3 plunder 0 This refers to things that people steal or take by force. 17:4 mei2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You will lose the inheritance that I gave to you 0 Yahweh speaks of the land as if it were an inheritance that he had given to the people of Judah as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “You will lose the land that I have given to you as an inheritance” 17:4 w768 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you have ignited a fire in my wrath, which will burn forever 0 Yahweh speaks of the fierceness of his anger as if his anger were a fire that burns those with whom he is angry. Alternate translation: “you have made me so angry that my anger will be like a fire that will burn forever” 17:5 zp54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The person who trusts in mankind is accursed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will curse any person who trusts in mankind” 17:5 sd5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he makes flesh his strength 0 Here the word “flesh” represents humans. Alternate translation: “he depends on mere humans for strength” 17:5 f1ec rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy turns his heart away from Yahweh 0 Here the word “heart” refers to the thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “turns his devotion away from Yahweh” 17:6 wqm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like a small bush 0 The person who trusts in man instead of Yahweh will be like a plant that struggles to survive in an infertile land. 17:6 d8k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet the wilderness, barren land without inhabitants 0 The phrase “barren land without inhabitants” describes and means basically the same thing as “wilderness.” Alternate translation: “the barren wilderness where no person lives” 17:8 rs4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile he will be like a tree planted by water 0 The person who trusts in Yahweh will always prosper, just like a tree does when it is planted by a river. It is not affected when there is no rain. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will be like a tree that someone has planted by water” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 17:8 pf89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification It will not fear the heat when it comes … It is not anxious in a year of drought 0 Yahweh speaks of a tree that draws its water from a stream being unaffected by heat and drought as if the tree were unafraid of these things. Alternate translation: “The heat will not affect it when it comes … No harm is caused to it in a year of drought” 17:9 q56q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The heart is more deceitful 0 Here the word “heart” refers to the minds and thoughts of people. Alternate translation: “The human mind is more deceitful” 17:9 h5pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion who can understand it? 0 The speaker uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can understand the human heart. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one can understand it.” 17:10 per1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who tests the hearts 0 Here the word “hearts” represents the emotions. Alternate translation: “who tests the emotions” 17:10 zu1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor according to his ways 0 Here a person’s behavior is spoken of as if it were the paths along which he walks. Alternate translation: “according to how he lives” 17:10 hlu7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the fruit of his deeds 0 Here the results of a person’s actions are spoken of as if they were fruit. Alternate translation: “what he has done” 17:11 r1bc A partridge hatches an egg … become rich unjustly 0 This analogy of a bird that hatches another bird’s eggs is meant to illustrate a rich man who makes his money by robbing others. 17:11 j8my rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom when half his days are over 0 Here the word “days” stands for someone’s entire life. Alternate translation: “when he has lived only half of his life” 17:11 t4k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification those riches will abandon him 0 The riches are spoken of as if they were servants who would abandon their owner. Alternate translation: “he will lose his wealth” 17:11 wwb2 in the end 0 Alternate translation: “at the end of his life” 17:12 c58h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The place of our temple is a glorious throne 0 Jeremiah speaks of the temple being a “glorious throne” because it is there that Yahweh dwells and rules. 17:12 mmb5 The place of our temple 0 This refers to Mount Zion in Jerusalem. 17:13 j27x All who abandon you 0 Here the word “you” refers to Yahweh. 17:13 tkv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive those in the land who turn away from you will be written in the earth 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will write in the dust those in the land who turn away from you” 17:13 e5ej rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will be written in the earth 0 This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people dying and being forgotten as if someone writes their names in the dust, and those names quickly disappear. Alternate translation: “will disappear like names that someone writes in the dust” or (2) the word “earth” is a metonym for the place of the dead. The phrase is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people going to the place of the dead as if someone enrolled their names in the records of those who have died. Alternate translation: “will join those in the place of the dead” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 17:13 vf2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh, the fountain of living waters 0 Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh being the source of life as if he were a fountain of living waters. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who is like a fountain of living waters” 17:13 pj3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the fountain of living waters 0 Jeremiah speaks of fresh, running water as if it were living water. Alternate translation: “the fountain of fresh, running water” 17:14 emc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive I will be healed … I will be rescued 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you really will have healed me … you really will have rescued me” 17:14 t5hz For you are my song of praise 0 This could mean: (1) “For you are the one whom I praise” or (2) “For you are the reason I sing praise.” 17:15 c8ap See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” 17:15 kn8p they are saying to me 0 Here the word “me” refers to Jeremiah and the word “they” to his enemies. 17:15 qef1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Where is the word of Yahweh? 0 The people use this question to ridicule Jeremiah because the things that he said had not yet happened. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Where are the things that Yahweh told you would happen?” or “The things that Yahweh told you would happen have not happened.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 17:15 s66x Let it come 0 Alternate translation: “Let what Yahweh has said happen” 17:16 dye9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I did not run from being a shepherd following you 0 Jeremiah speaks of leading and caring for the people as if he were a shepherd caring for sheep. He speaks of his abandoning that work as if he were running away from it. 17:16 vlg8 I did not long for 0 Alternate translation: “I did not desire” 17:16 m8x1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the proclamations that came from my lips 0 Here the word “lips” represents Jeremiah who spoke. The word “proclamations” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the proclamations that I spoke” or “the things that I proclaimed” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 17:16 hkb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive They were made 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I made them” 17:17 q4lu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You are my refuge 0 Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as a place where enemies cannot attack him. 17:17 ls2i on the day of calamity 0 Alternate translation: “in times of calamity” 17:18 p168 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive May my pursuers be ashamed, but do not let me be ashamed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Bring shame on my pursuers, but do not bring shame on me” 17:18 us8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism May they be dismayed, but do not let me be dismayed 0 This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous one and adds emphasis to Jeremiah’s prayer. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Make them very afraid, but do not make me afraid” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 17:18 xrc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor shatter them with a double share of destruction 0 Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh destroying his enemies as if they were objects that Yahweh would shatter. The idiom “a double share” means to give twice as much. Alternate translation: “shatter them with complete destruction” or “destroy them twice as much” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 17:19 ab1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis then in all the other gates of Jerusalem 0 The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “then go and stand in all the other gates of Jerusalem” 17:21 jye6 for the sake of your lives 0 Alternate translation: “to protect your lives” 17:23 cu16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet They did not listen or pay attention 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people refused to listen. Alternate translation: “They refused to listen” or “They refused to obey” 17:23 ksk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor stiffened their neck 0 Jeremiah speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had made their necks stiff and unmovable. Alternate translation: “became stubborn” 17:25 i3jj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy those who sit on David’s throne 0 Here the throne that the king of Judah sits on is represented as “David’s throne.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 13:13](../13/13.md). Alternate translation: “those who sit on Judah’s throne” or “the kings of the nation of Judah” 17:25 r4s3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive this city will be inhabited forever 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will inhabit this city forever” 17:27 xjp9 I will light a fire in its gates 0 Alternate translation: “I will set the gates of Jerusalem on fire” 17:27 r5tg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it cannot be put out 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people cannot put it out” 18:intro z3ii 0 # Jeremiah 18 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 18:13–17, 19–23.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Attacking Jeremiah\n\nThings were so bad in Judah, they even attacked Jeremiah. To attack Yahweh’s prophet was to attack Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Simile\n\nLike a potter can change what he is making from one type of pot to another, God can change his plans and not punish people if they repent. The image of God as a potter and mankind as clay is an important one in Scripture. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 18:1 ad7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Arise” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah: ‘Arise” 18:2 ww5x the potter’s house 0 “the workshop of the potter.” A potter is someone who makes pots from clay. 18:3 z9ps behold! 0 The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. 18:3 x9yr on the potter’s wheel 0 The potter’s wheel is a small table that spins. A potter uses it to make pots. 18:4 j5pm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the pot he was making from the clay was spoiled in the potter’s hand 0 The word “spoiled” means that something about the pot made the potter unhappy. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the pot that the potter was making with his hands was not good” 18:4 ffd2 was making 0 Alternate translation: “was forming” or “was shaping” 18:4 qs6u he returned the clay and formed it into another pot 0 He stopped making the pot, crushed the clay back into a lump, and then used that lump of clay to make another pot. 18:4 kd4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy that was pleasing in his eyes 0 Here the word “eyes” represents sight and sight represents one’s opinion. Alternate translation: “that he thought was good” 18:5 gj6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” 18:6 y4ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should I not be able to act like this potter with you, house of Israel? 0 With this question, Yahweh emphasizes his authority to do as he pleases with Israel. Alternate translation: “I am allowed to act toward you, house of Israel, like the potter acts toward the clay.” 18:6 j2v5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “kingdom of Israel” or “people of Israel” 18:6 elt6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 18:6 zg76 Behold 0 Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important” 18:6 uzq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like clay in a potter’s hand—that is how you are in my hand 0 Yahweh compares his being able to remake Israel as he see fit to the way that the potter is able to remake a lump of clay as he sees fit. 18:7 jk3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet tear it down, or destroy it 0 These two expressions basically mean the same thing. In the first expression, Yahweh speaks of destroying a kingdom as if the kingdom were a plant or a building that he tears down. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 18:8 lnu4 relent from 0 Alternate translation: “withhold” or “not bring” 18:9 n3us rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet build it up or plant it 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of strengthening kingdoms as if they were buildings that he would build, and as if they were plants that he would plant. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 18:10 q9ah rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy if it does evil in my eyes 0 Here the word “it” refers to a nation or kingdom, which is a metonym for the people in that nation or kingdom. The word “eyes” represents seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “if the people of that nation do things that I consider to be evil” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 18:10 u2ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy not listening to my voice 0 Here the word “voice” represents the words that Yahweh speaks. Here, “not listening” is an idiom that means that they do not obey. Alternate translation: “not obeying what I say” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 18:11 h8xz See 0 This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” 18:11 tj92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am about to form disaster against you. I am about to devise a plan against you 0 Yahweh speaks of planning disaster as if disaster were an object that he forms, like the potter would form clay. The second sentence repeats the same idea as the first using different words. Alternate translation: “I am about to devise a plan to bring disaster against you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 18:11 v6ut devise a plan 0 Alternate translation: “make a plan” 18:11 me21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his wicked way 0 Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” 18:11 w5eq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet so your ways and your practices will bring good to you 0 The words “ways” and “practices” both refer to a person’s actions and general lifestyle. Alternate translation: “so your actions will result in good happening to you” 18:12 fq15 But they will say 0 The word “they” refers to the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem. 18:12 nmb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom This is no use 0 Here, this idiom could mean: (1) the people do not care about what Jeremiah will say to them. Alternate translation: “We do not care what you say” or (2) The people do not think that anything good will come of what Jeremiah tells them to do. Alternate translation: “What you are saying will not work” 18:12 yc7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy what his evil, stubborn heart desires 0 Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind or will. Alternate translation: “what his evil, stubborn mind desires” or “whatever evil things that we stubbornly want to do” 18:13 w781 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Ask the nations, who has ever heard of such a thing as this? 0 Here the word “nations” represents the people in the nations. Yahweh asks this question to scold the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Ask the nations if any of them have ever heard of such a thing as this.” or “Nowhere on earth has anyone ever heard of such a thing like this.” 18:13 vta7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The virgin Israel has committed a horrible act 0 It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. Yahweh speaks of Israel being pure and faithful towards him as if she were a virgin and of Israel being unfaithful to him as if she had “committed a horrible act.” Alternate translation: “Israel, who is like a virgin, has done something horrible” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 18:14 bbi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Does the snow in Lebanon ever leave the rocky hills on its sides? 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the snow on the mountains never melts. Alternate translation: “The snow in Lebanon never leaves the rocky hills on its sides.” 18:14 pn6p the rocky hills on its sides 0 Alternate translation: “the sides of the rocky hills” 18:14 utv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are the mountain streams coming from far away ever destroyed, those cold streams? 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the mountain streams never cease to flow. He speaks of the streams drying up as if they were destroyed. Alternate translation: “Those cold mountain streams that come from far away never cease to flow.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 18:15 k5st rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor been made to stumble in their paths 0 Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a path along which he walks, and of living unfaithfully to him as if the person stumbled along the path. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this caused them to stumble in their paths” or “it is like they stumbled while walking on a path” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 18:15 x24p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they have left the ancient paths to walk lesser paths 0 Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a path along which he walks. Here, “the ancient paths” represents the way that Yahweh had told their ancestors to live and “lesser paths” represents living unfaithfully to Yahweh. 18:16 qh44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns will become a horror 0 The word “horror” may be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “will become something that horrifies people” 18:16 g6ye an object of everlasting hissing 0 The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people will always hiss” 18:16 mx2e passes by her 0 Here the word “her” refers to “Their land.” 18:17 n6hk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will scatter them before their enemies like an eastern wind 0 Yahweh speaks of causing the people to flee before their enemies as if he were an eastern wind that scatters dust and debris. Alternate translation: “I will be like an eastern wind and scatter them before their enemies” or “I will scatter them before their enemies like an eastern wind scatters dust and debris” 18:17 n2xm will scatter them 0 Here the word “them” refers to “my people.” 18:17 mn5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction I will show them my back, and not my face 0 “I will turn my back toward them, and not my face.” Turning one’s back towards someone is a symbolic action that represents rejection and turning one’s face towards someone is a symbolic action that represents favor. Alternate translation: “I will reject them and not act favorably towards them” 18:18 vh9w let us make plots against Jeremiah 0 Alternate translation: “let us make plans to harm Jeremiah” 18:18 cf4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis the law will never perish from the priests, or advice from the wise men, or words from the prophets 0 The words “will never perish” can be supplied to each of these phrases. This can also be expressed in positive terms. Alternate translation: “the law will never perish from the priests, and advice will never perish from the wise men, and words will never perish from the prophets” or “the priests will always have the law, the wise men will always give advice, and the prophets will always speak” 18:18 f353 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit words from the prophets 0 Here “words” represents messages that the prophets speak from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “words of Yahweh from the prophets” 18:18 ay55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor attack him with our words 0 The people speak of speaking harmful words against Jeremiah as if their words were weapons with which they attack him. Alternate translation: “say things that will harm him” 18:19 u46b Pay attention to me 0 Here Jeremiah begins speaking to Yahweh. 18:20 p988 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will disaster from them really be my reward for being good to them? 0 Jeremiah asks this question to emphasize that good actions should not be repaid with bad things. Alternate translation: “Disaster from them should not be my reward for being good to them.” 18:20 t4h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they have dug a pit for me 0 Jeremiah speaks of his enemies planning to kill him as if they had dug a pit in which to trap him. 18:20 p3xy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to cause your fury to turn away from them 0 Here the word “fury” represents the punishment that Yahweh intended to inflict upon them. Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh not punishing them as if he were turning his fury away from them. Alternate translation: “so that you would not punish them in your anger” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 18:21 xrk4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom give their children over to famine 0 The idiom “give over” means to place a person in the power of another person. Jeremiah speaks of “famine” as if it were a person who could have power over others. Alternate translation: “cause their children to die from famine” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 18:21 x3mp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy give them to the hands of those who use the sword 0 Here the word “hands” represents power. Alternate translation: “cause those who use the sword to have power over them” or “cause them to die in battle” 18:21 c2vn let their women become bereaved and widows 0 “let the children and husbands of their women die.” The word “bereaved” refers to a woman whose children have all died. 18:21 yp4k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis their men be killed 0 The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let people kill their men” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 18:21 gz9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis their young men killed by the sword in battle 0 The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let people kill their young men with swords in battle” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 18:22 nj6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Let a distressed shout be heard 0 The phrase “a distressed shout” can be translated with a verbal phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Let people hear a distressed shout” or “Let people hear others shout in distress” 18:22 zdc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism For they have dug a pit to capture me and have hidden traps for my feet 0 These two phrases share similar meanings. Jeremiah speaks of his enemies planning to kill him as if they had dug a pit for him to fall into and set traps in which to capture him. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 18:22 l4rh they have dug a pit 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:20](../18/20.md). 18:22 pxk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche have hidden traps for my feet 0 Here the word “feet” represents Jeremiah. Alternate translation: “have hidden traps for me” or “have hidden traps for me to step on” 18:23 yh1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Do not wipe their sins away from you 0 Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh forgiving his enemies’ sins as if someone had written their sins down and Yahweh would erase them. This phrase means the same thing as the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “Do not pardon their sins” 18:23 fin3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive let them be overthrown before you 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let people overthrow them in your presence” 18:23 jrr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns in the time of your wrath 0 The word “wrath” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “when you are still angry with them” 19:intro e68t 0 # Jeremiah 19 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### People horrified\n\nThe destruction of Jerusalem will be so complete that it will leave dead bodies everywhere and horrify people who see it. 19:2 r77q Valley of Ben Hinnom 0 This is the name of a valley south of the city of Jerusalem, where people sacrificed to false gods. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). 19:3 lse3 Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 19:3 tn4j See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” 19:3 wu9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the ears of everyone who hears of it will tingle 0 Here “ears … will tingle” is an idiom that means everyone will be shocked by what they hear. Alternate translation: “it will shock everyone who hears of it” 19:3 w8jh will tingle 0 This could mean: (1) “will ring” or (2) “will quiver.” 19:4 i11f they have abandoned me 0 Here the word “they” refers to the people of Judah. 19:4 h6hz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy filled this place with innocent blood 0 Here “innocent blood” represents the murder of innocent people. Yahweh speaks of murdering many people as filling a place with blood. Alternate translation: “murdered many innocent people in this place” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 19:5 hi1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy nor did it enter my mind 0 Here the word “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). Alternate translation: “nor did I ever think about it” 19:6 h15q see 0 Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you” 19:6 r6da rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive this place will no longer be called 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will no longer call this place” 19:6 n996 Topheth … the Valley of Ben Hinnom … the Valley of Slaughter 0 See how you translated the names of these places in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). 19:7 mk3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will make them to fall by the sword before their enemies 0 The idiom “to fall by the sword” means to die in battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will enable their enemies to kill them with swords” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 19:7 l3wj I will make them 0 The word “them” refers to the people of Judah and Jerusalem. 19:7 hl7t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis by the hand of the ones seeking their lives 0 The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The idiom “fall … by the hand of” means to be killed by someone, with the word “hand” representing the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will enable those who want to kill them to kill them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 19:8 qfw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the object of hissing 0 The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people hiss” 19:9 x4ye I will make them eat 0 Alternate translation: “I will make the people who live in Jerusalem eat” 19:9 gu5g in the siege 0 Alternate translation: “because of the siege” 19:9 jy23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive and in the anguish brought on them by their enemies and the ones seeking their lives 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because their enemies and those who are seeking their lives have brought anguish upon them” 19:10 ck5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns in the sight of the men who went with you 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sight**, you can express the same idea with the verb “watching.” Alternate translation: “while the men who went with you are watching” 19:11 vi9r Yahweh of hosts says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 19:11 uis2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it could not be repaired again 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one can repair it again” 19:13 l6aa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis of the kings of Judah 0 The words “the houses” may be supplied here. Alternate translation: “the houses of the kings of Judah” 19:13 u9v5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the unclean people 0 People who are not acceptable for God’s purposes are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. 19:15 ut7s Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 19:15 d4pr See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” 19:15 rv5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism stiffened their neck and refused to listen 0 These two phrases both speak of the people being stubborn. In the first phrase, Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had made their necks stiff. Alternate translation: “stubbornly refused to listen” 20:intro apn5 0 # Jeremiah 20 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 20:7–18.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Pashhur\n\nThis chapter prophesied punishment against a specific leader named Pashhur. He was in charge of protecting the temple and had Jeremiah beaten and arrested. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])\n\n### Jeremiah’s reaction\nJeremiah’s reaction contrasts with the reaction of the Jews in general. Although Jeremiah was not happy with Yahweh’s actions, he still trusted in Yahweh. On the other hand, the Jews were not happy with the prophecies Yahweh gave to Jeremiah, so they beat the prophet. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) 20:1 l4ka rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 20:1 xjd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Pashhur … Immer 0 These are names of men. 20:2 h7fz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Pashhur beat Jeremiah 0 This could mean: (1) that Pashhur himself beat Jeremiah or (2) that Pashhur ordered other men to beat Jeremiah. 20:2 rg2f stocks 0 Stocks are a wooden frame with holes in it that people use to lock up a prisoner’s hands, feet, and head. 20:2 yc2r Upper Gate of Benjamin 0 This gate is different from the gate in the city wall that shared the same name. 20:3 wf2c It happened 0 This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. 20:3 pwz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names you are Magor Missabib 0 This name means “terror on every side” or “surrounded by terror.” 20:4 a8gs Look, 0 This word adds emphasis to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” 20:4 ebi2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom they will fall by the sword of their enemies 0 The idiom “fall by the sword” means that they will die in battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “their enemies will kill them with swords” or “their enemies will kill them in battle” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 20:4 xmk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche your eyes will see it 0 Here the word “eyes” represents Pashhur. Alternate translation: “you will see it” 20:4 n4ua rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will give all of Judah into the hand of the king of Babylon 0 Here the word “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “I will enable the king of Babylon to conquer all of Judah” 20:5 hbk2 I will give him 0 Here the word “him” refers to the king of Babylon. 20:5 kd4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism all the wealth … all of its riches, all of its precious items and all the treasures 0 Yahweh repeats the same basic idea four times for emphasis. Babylon will take away all the wealth of Israel, including the king’s possessions. 20:5 j1gs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will place these things in the hand of your enemies 0 Placing things in people’s hands represents giving thing to the people or allowing the people to take the things. Alternate translation: “I will give these things to your enemies” or “I will allow your enemies to take possession of these things” 20:6 i5vn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive You and all of your loved ones to whom you prophesied deceitful things will be buried there 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “There, people will bury you and all of your loved ones to whom you prophesied deceitful things” 20:7 sx22 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah speaks to Yahweh. 20:7 xwv7 Yahweh, you deceived me, and I was deceived 0 Some modern versions interpret these Hebrew expressions as “Yahweh, you persuaded me, and I was indeed persuaded.” 20:7 np4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive I was deceived 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you deceived me” 20:7 r6kv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism I have become a laughingstock all day long; everyone mocks me 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the way others mock him. 20:7 r3gc laughingstock 0 This is a person whom others laugh at and make fun of. 20:8 dqv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet called out and proclaimed 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he proclaimed Yahweh’s message boldly. Alternate translation: “openly proclaimed” or “proclaimed loudly” 20:8 bd79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Yahweh’s word has become for me reproach and mocking every day 0 Here “word” refers to the message of Yahweh. The words “reproach” and “mocking” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “people reproach and mock me every day because I proclaim Yahweh’s message” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 20:8 t4n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet for me reproach and mocking 0 The words “reproach” and “mocking” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that people have ridiculed Jeremiah for proclaiming Yahweh’s message. Alternate translation: “a reason for people to ridicule me” 20:9 bs6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will not speak any longer in his name 0 This could mean: (1) “I will never mention Yahweh or say anything about him” or (2) the word “name” represents authority. Alternate translation: “I will no longer speak as his messenger” 20:9 a3zh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche it is like a fire in my heart, held within my bones 0 Here the words “heart” and “bones” represent Jeremiah’s innermost being. Jeremiah speaks of being unable to not speak Yahweh’s message as if Yahweh’s message were a fire that burns within him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s word is like a fire that burns deep within me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:10 tf3t Report! We must report it 0 Jeremiah’s enemies say these words. 20:10 x8mp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor watch to see if I will fall 0 Jeremiah speaks of his enemies waiting for him to do something wrong for which they might accuse him as if they were watching for him to fall down. 20:10 zz5y Perhaps he can be tricked … take our revenge on him 0 Jeremiah’s enemies say these words. 20:10 i3zl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Perhaps he can be tricked 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Perhaps we can trick him” 20:11 zzb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Yahweh is with me like a powerful warrior 0 Jeremiah compares Yahweh helping him and defending him against his enemies to a powerful warrior. 20:11 yi4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor so the ones pursuing me will stagger 0 Jeremiah speaks of his enemies trying to harm him as if they were chasing after him and of their failing to harm him as if they were to stagger. 20:11 a96t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive They will be greatly ashamed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bring great shame upon them” 20:11 uvt7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it will never be forgotten 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will never forget it” 20:12 m8yj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy see the mind and the heart 0 The word “mind” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides, and the word “heart” is a metonym for what a person feels and desires. Alternate translation: “know every person’s thoughts and feelings” 20:13 g8hc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy those who are oppressed from the hand of evildoers 0 Here the word “hand” represents power. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those whom evildoers oppress with their power” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 20:14 rdr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Let the day when I was born be cursed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Curse the day I was born” or “Let people curse the day when I was born” 20:14 n6m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Do not let the day that my mother bore me be blessed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not bless the day that my mother bore me” or “Do not let people bless the day that my mother bore me” 20:15 se5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Let the man who informed my father be cursed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Curse the man who informed my father” or “Let people curse the man who informed my father” 20:16 r8ir that man 0 This refers to the man who informed Jeremiah’s father of Jeremiah’s birth. 20:16 p6vf the cities that Yahweh overthrew 0 This refers to Sodom and Gomorrah. 20:16 l3tc he did not have compassion 0 Here the word “he” refers to Yahweh. 20:16 ucg7 Let him hear a cry for help 0 Here the word “him” refers to “that man.” 20:17 j5v9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor making my mother to be my tomb 0 Jeremiah speaks of his dying while his mother was still pregnant with him as if his mother’s womb were his tomb. 20:17 z5dt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a womb that was pregnant forever 0 Jeremiah speaks of his pregnant mother never giving birth to the baby in her womb as if she had been pregnant forever. 20:18 zc9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why is it that I came out from the womb to see troubles and agony … shame? 0 Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to complain that there was no good reason for him to be born. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There was no reason for me to be born only to see troubles and agony … shame.” 20:18 szf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet to see troubles and agony 0 The words “troubles” and “agony” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the amount and severity of suffering. Alternate translation: “to experience so much suffering” 20:18 fz2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my days are filled with shame 0 Here the word “days” represents all the days of Jeremiah’s life. Alternate translation: “my life is filled with shame” 21:intro d7pt 0 # Jeremiah 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 21:12–14.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Jerusalem doomed\n\nGod will fight against Jerusalem and will use the nation of Babylon to fight his battle. If the Jews wanted to live, they needed to surrender to Babylon. Most of the Jews would have rather died than to surrender to Babylon. Usually, fighting against a Gentile nation was a sign of trust in Yahweh’s power. In this instance, it was a sign of trust in Yahweh to surrender. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) 21:1 tf6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke a message to Jeremiah” 21:1 ur9x Pashhur 0 This is not the same Pashhur that was mentioned in [Jeremiah 20:1](../20/01.md). 21:1 ad5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Pashhur … Malkijah … Maaseiah 0 These are names of men. 21:1 zpe3 and they said 0 Alternate translation: “Pashhur and Zephaniah said to Jeremiah” 21:2 q4d4 Seek advice from Yahweh on our behalf … making war on us 0 This was a polite, but urgent request. Alternate translation: “Please speak to Yahweh for us … attacking us” 21:2 z5nz as in times past 0 Alternate translation: “as he did in the past” 21:2 s62n will make him withdraw from us 0 Alternate translation: “will make him go away” 21:4 leg9 See 0 This tells the hearer to pay special attention to what follows. 21:4 ax9r turn back 0 This could mean: (1) to make useless or (2) to send back into the city. 21:4 rb48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the instruments of war that are in your hand 0 This could mean: (1) the instruments of war refers to the soldiers who carry them and “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the soldiers that you command” or (2) the instruments of war are literal weapons and “your hand” represent both the king and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “the weapons that you and your soldiers carry” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 21:4 a79u Chaldeans 0 This term here is another name for the Babylonians. 21:4 xk9a closing you in 0 Alternate translation: “coming close to you” 21:4 cju6 I will gather them 0 This could mean: (1) Yahweh will allow the Babylonians to enter the city or (2) Yahweh will cause the Israelites to bring their weapons back into the center of the city. 21:5 hc2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns Then I myself 0 This is emphatic and stresses that Yahweh is the one who will do this. 21:5 jrm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom with a raised hand and a strong arm 0 Both of these phrases are idiomatic expressions that refer to great power. Alternate translation: “with very great power” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 21:5 f3ic rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet with wrath, fury, and great anger 0 These words all mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the great intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: “with extremely great anger” 21:6 c5rg inhabitants of this city 0 Alternate translation: “those who live in Jerusalem” 21:7 k4qv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the sword 0 Here this refers to the battle in which swords are used. Alternate translation: “the war” 21:7 ziv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy into the hand 0 Here “hand” refers to the power of their enemies over them. Alternate translation: “into the power” 21:7 vgu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon … their enemies … those seeking their life 0 All of these phrases refer to Nebuchadnezzar and his army. 21:7 z1zk seeking their life 0 Alternate translation: “wanting to kill them” 21:7 equ4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with the edge of the sword 0 This could mean: (1) this is a metonym for death in battle. Alternate translation: “in battle” or (2) they will be killed by literal swords. 21:7 j95p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet He will not pity them, spare them, or have compassion 0 These three phrases have the same meaning and emphasize that Nebuchadnezzar will deal severely with them. Alternate translation: “He will not show them any mercy or compassion at all” 21:8 uz34 this people 0 Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem” 21:8 k2vf I am about to place before you the way of life and the way of death 0 Yahweh is offering the people of Jerusalem a choice that will determine whether they live or die. 21:9 uw2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy by the sword, famine, and plague 0 Death by the sword refers to death in battle. Alternate translation: “in battle and by famine and plague” 21:9 fn95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction falling on his knees before 0 This symbolic act represents surrender. Alternate translation: “surrendering to” 21:9 g472 closed in against you 0 Alternate translation: “attacked you from all sides” 21:9 as7l He will escape with his life 0 The one who surrenders to the Babylonians will escape with his life, even though he will lose all his possessions. 21:10 s4dv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I have set my face against this city 0 This idiom means he “firmly decided.” Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind to oppose this city” 21:10 e61c have set my face against 0 Alternate translation: “am staring angrily at” 21:10 wwu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 21:10 jk2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive It has been given 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have given it” 21:10 sef1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy into the hand of the king 0 Here “hand” represents the power of the king to destroy the city. Alternate translation: “into the power of the king” 21:11 u3ev Concerning the house of the king of Judah, listen to the word of Yahweh 0 This may serve as a title for 21:12 - 23:8. Alternate translation: “Listen to what Yahweh says about the king of Judah, his family, and his servants” 21:11 l7p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of the king of Judah 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to king and his family. Alternate translation: “the king of Judah and his family” 21:12 nl9b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy House of David 0 This refers to the same people as “the house of the king of Judah.” All of the kings of Judah were descendants of David. Alternate translation: “Descendants of David” 21:12 s22h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Bring about justice in the morning 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Always treat the people whom you rule over fairly” 21:12 l5bg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of the oppressor 0 Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “the power of the one who oppresses them” 21:12 bpj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my fury will go out like fire and burn 0 Here Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if it was a fire that would burn up those who did evil. Alternate translation: “I will punish and destroy you in my anger quickly and completely” 21:12 ph8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor there is no one who can quench it 0 Jeremiah continues the simile of Yahweh’s punishment as a fire that was so hot that no one could put it out with water. 21:13 a8zt See 0 This alerts whoever is hearing to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention” 21:13 qie5 inhabitant of the valley 0 This could mean: (1) this may refer to Jerusalem, which was located above a valley, because “inhabitant” is singular and feminine, as is Jerusalem or (2) this is directed to another city or group of people. Most versions leave the original form rather than specifying the city. 21:13 h96i I am against 0 Alternate translation: “I oppose” or “I am going to punish” 21:13 dxt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who will come down to attack us? & Who will enter our houses? 0 These questions are used to state their confidence that they can resist attack. Alternate translation: “No one will attack us! … No one will enter our houses!” 21:14 uf3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have assigned the fruit of your practices to come against you 0 The result of their evil deeds is spoken of as fruit which grew from those practices. Alternate translation: “I will punish you as you deserve because of the things you have done” 21:14 nf8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in the thickets 0 This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor for the columns of wood that supported the palace or (2) these are literal patches of brush. 22:intro in1u 0 # Jeremiah 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 22:6–10, 13–28, 28–30.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Luxury and oppression\n\nBecause the king lived in luxury and oppressed the poor, God was sending him and his mother into captivity unless he repented. The king lacked justice. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) 22:1 z5bz the house of the king of Judah 0 “the palace of the king of Judah.” The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace where the king lived. 22:1 qfg5 proclaim this word 0 Alternate translation: “proclaim this message” 22:2 qj9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit your people who come through these gates 0 These gates are the gates of the king’s palace. Alternate translation: “your people who come to visit the king” 22:3 qb4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Perform justice and righteousness 0 The abstract nouns “justice” and “righteousness can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “Act fairly and justly” 22:3 m8e5 anyone who has been robbed—rescue him from the hand of the oppressor 0 Alternate translation: “rescue anyone who has been robbed from the hand of the oppressor” 22:3 y9er rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of the oppressor 0 Here “the hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “the power of the oppressor” or “the one who would harm him” 22:3 m38q Do not mistreat 0 Alternate translation: “Do not treat badly” 22:3 z2z9 orphan 0 a child who does not have parents 22:3 b6c5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Do not … pour out innocent blood 0 Here “pour out … blood” is associated with murder, and “blood” refers to the murdered people. Alternate translation: “Do not … murder innocent people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 22:3 t9h8 in this place 0 This could mean: (1) Jerusalem or (2) the whole country of Judah. This does not imply that it is good to murder people in other places. 22:4 f37x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy kings sitting on David’s throne 0 The metonym “throne” refers to kingly authority like David had. Alternate translation: “kings, ruling like David before them” 22:4 vfy3 the gates of this house 0 This refers to the gates to the courtyard of the palace. 22:4 l5m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy riding in a chariot and on horses 0 This phrase is a metonym that describes the kings as powerful and wealthy. 22:4 rx2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis he, his servants, and his people 0 This sentence lists all who will be powerful and wealthy. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “he, his servants, and his people will ride into the palace on chariots and horses” 22:5 zef9 if you do not listen to 0 Alternate translation: “if you refuse to pay attention to” or “if you do not obey” 22:5 w37m this royal house 0 This phrase here appears to refer specifically to the royal palace. 22:6 hfy3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of the king of Judah 0 This could mean: (1) this refers to the royal palace where the king lived or (2) “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, who were the royal line of the kings of Judah. Alternate translation: “the royal dynasty of Judah” 22:6 v879 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile You are like Gilead, or like the summit of Lebanon 0 This could mean: (1) “You are as beautiful as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon” or (2) “You give me as much pleasure as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon.” 22:6 ahd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor turn you into a wilderness 0 What was formerly beautiful is said to become bare and deserted. Alternate translation: “cause you to become empty like the desert” 22:7 wcw6 I have designated destroyers to come against you 0 Alternate translation: “I have chosen an army to attack you” 22:7 d1mn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the best of your cedars 0 This could mean: (1) the beams of the palace or (2) the leading men of the royal family. 22:7 wb7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor fall into the fire 0 This could mean: (1) a literal fire that will burn the palace beams or (2) the destruction of the royal family is spoken of as if they were burned in a fire. 22:8 t15z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Then many nations will pass by this city 0 Here “nations” refers to the people from those nations that pass by. Alternate translation: “Then many people from various nations will pass by this city” 22:9 a4v3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet bowed down to other gods and worshiped them 0 These two phrases mean the same thing. The phrase “bowed down” describes the posture that people used in worship. Alternate translation: “they worshiped other gods” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 22:10 mwb9 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh has shifted from addressing the King of Judah and is now speaking to a general audience. 22:10 n3gc the one who is dead 0 This is singular, and refers to King Josiah who had been killed. 22:10 nz1s him who is about to go away 0 This refers to King Jehoahaz who was taken into exile in Egypt. 22:10 mc5c never return and see his native land 0 Alternate translation: “never come back and see the land of Israel again” or “never see his homeland again” 22:11 gm4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jehoahaz 0 The name in Hebrew is “Shallum,” but he is better known as Jehoahaz. 22:11 rw5q who served as king instead of Josiah his father 0 Alternate translation: “who became king when his father, Josiah, died” 22:13 qz4r him who builds … his upper rooms … who makes … for him … he does not give 0 The words “him” and “his” and “who” and “he” refer to King Jehoahaz (verse 11). 22:13 qb7j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet builds his house by unrighteousness, his upper rooms by injustice 0 The abstract nouns “unrighteousness” and “injustice” have similar meanings, are repeated for emphasis, and can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “unjustly forced men to build his house and his upper rooms” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 22:13 rzx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his house 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jehoahaz (verse 11) and his family. 22:13 b5uz him his wages 0 This refers to any of the neighbors of King Jehoahaz (verse 11) whom the king forces to work. 22:14 m567 he says … he cuts … he panels … he paints 0 These refer to King Jehoahaz (verse 11). 22:14 ub8w a large house with spacious upper rooms … large windows … cedar … red 0 These characteristics all describe a very expensive house. 22:15 ag7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is this what makes you a good king, that you wanted to have boards of cedar? 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to rebuke Jehoiakim for his expensive palace. Alternate translation: “Having a cedar palace does not make you a good king.” 22:15 b88r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Did not your father also eat and drink, yet do … righteousness? 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Jehoiakim about the example of his father, King Josiah. Alternate translation: “Your father King Josiah enjoyed his life, yet did … righteousness.” 22:15 y86v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet do justice and righteousness 0 These abstract nouns have similar meanings, are repeated for emphasis and can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “act justly and fairly” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 22:16 nkx5 It was good then 0 Alternate translation: “Things went well for him” 22:16 y4lk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is this not what it means to know me? 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to rebuke Jehoiakim for not following the example of his father, King Josiah. Alternate translation: “This is what it means to know me.” 22:16 rd6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 22:17 tab3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy there is nothing in your eyes and heart except worry … crushing of others 0 Here “eyes” is a metonym for seeing and “heart” is a metonym for thinking. Alternate translation: “you never look for or think about anything except … crushing of others” or “you only look for and think about ways to cheat others and pour out innocent blood, and to oppress and crush others” 22:17 u23t unjust profit 0 This is getting money by cheating or by using unfair means. 22:17 idh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom pouring out innocent blood 0 Here “pouring out … blood” is associated with murder, and “blood” refers to the murdered people. Alternate translation: “murdering innocent people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 22:17 l1rn crushing of others 0 Alternate translation: “doing violence to others in order to get money” 22:18 h7h1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis They will not lament for him 0 In verse 18, Yahweh stops speaking directly to Jehoiakim and begins to speak to other people. Here “lament” refers to grieving at Jehoiakim’s death. Alternate translation: “They will not lament for Jehoiakim when he dies” 22:18 n6j5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Woe, my brother! & Woe, my sister! & Woe, master! & Woe, majesty! 0 Yahweh uses the word “Woe” several times for emphasis. He addresses the various people who would normally show great sadness when someone dies. 22:19 s435 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He will be buried with a donkey’s burial, dragged away and thrown out 0 The burial of Jehoiakim is spoken of as being the same as the manner in which people would bury a donkey. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They will bury his dead body the way they would bury a dead donkey; they will drag it away and throw it out” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 22:20 ggs2 0 # General Information:\n\nIt appears that Yahweh is here speaking to the people of Jerusalem, telling them that they will be destroyed. 22:20 gv51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Lift your voice 0 This idiom refers to shouting. In this case, they are crying out in grief. Alternate translation: “Cry out” 22:20 ptb6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abarim mountains 0 a mountain range that was southeast of Jerusalem 22:21 t5yr I spoke to you when you were safe 0 Alternate translation: “I spoke to you when you were doing well” 22:21 fs7b This was your custom 0 Alternate translation: “This was your way of life” 22:21 n4fz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you have not listened to my voice 0 Listening is a metonym for obeying. Alternate translation: “you have not obeyed me” 22:22 l2p1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The wind will shepherd away all your shepherds 0 This is a wordplay—Yahweh uses the idea of “shepherd” in two different ways. Here “shepherds” is a metaphor for the leaders of Jerusalem, and the wind “leads” them away. The wind represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will take your leaders away as if the wind had blown them away” 22:22 m6ua go into captivity 0 Alternate translation: “become captives” or “go into exile” 22:23 i6fc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You who live in ‘Lebanon,’ who is nestled in cedar buildings 0 Yahweh speaks of the royal palace as “Lebanon” and “cedar buildings” because it was constructed with a lot of cedar. Alternate translation: “You who live in a palace made from the cedars of Lebanon” 22:23 n9dg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you You who live 0 This “You” is singular and refers to the king. 22:23 x4j2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive how you will be pitied 0 The meaning of the Hebrew is not clear. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) “they will greatly pity you” or (2) “you will groan greatly.” 22:23 vfv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile when the labor pains come upon you, pain like that of a woman in labor 0 The pain that the king will feel when his enemies defeat him will be as intense as the pain a woman feels in childbirth. Alternate translation: “when you experience pain as intense as the pain of a woman in childbirth” 22:24 lcv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo even if you … were the signet on my right hand 0 Yahweh speaks to Jehoiachin as if it were possible for him to be the ring on Yahweh’s hand. 22:24 fu3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the signet on my right hand 0 A signet ring was used by a king to place his seal of authority on documents. The signet ring therefore represents authority to rule. The right hand also represents authority to rule. Alternate translation: “the signet ring on my right hand that represented my authority to be king” 22:24 dv7c I would tear you off 0 Alternate translation: “I would tear you off from my hand” or “I would quickly pull you off of my hand” 22:25 s6ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive I have given you to the hand of the ones seeking your life 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have made it possible for the ones seeking your life to capture you” 22:25 h93i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the hand of 0 Here the metonym “hand” represents power and control. 22:25 sr7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor seeking your life 0 This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. See how this phrase is translated in [Jeremiah 11:21](../11/21.md). Alternate translation: “trying to kill you” 22:27 cm6e this land to which they will want to return 0 This refers to the land of Judah. 22:28 clg1 Is this a despised and shattered vessel? & did not know? 0 It is not clear who is speaking in verse 28. 22:28 h3sy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Is this a despised and shattered vessel? Is this man Jehoiachin a pot that pleases no one? 0 Jehoiachin is spoken of as a pot that was completely worthless and not liked by anyone. The questions emphasize that he has no value or friends. Alternate translation: “Jehoiachin is as useless as a broken vessel and no one is happy with him.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 22:28 qal1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why have they thrown him and his descendants out, and have poured them out into a land that they did not know? 0 This rhetorical question explains what will happen to the worthless Jehoiachin. Alternate translation: “Therefore the enemy will remove Jehoiachin and his family from the land and take them to a foreign land.” 22:28 vh5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor have poured them out 0 Jehoiachin and his descendants are spoke of as if they had been poured out in another country like garbage from a vessel. 22:29 ac8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe Land, Land, Land 0 Yahweh speaks his message to all the people of the land by calling out to the land where they live. The title is repeated to call attention to the message. 22:30 ll6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit He will be childless 0 Jehoiachin has several sons. This phrase, then, means it is as if he was childless. His children will not succeed him as king. Alternate translation: “It will be as if he did not have any children” 22:30 h57d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy sit on David’s throne 0 Sitting on a throne is a metonym for ruling as king. Alternate translation: “become king” 23:intro u767 0 # Jeremiah 23 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 23:5–6, 9–24.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Prophesying lies\n\nThe false prophets had encouraged people to continue sinning by saying everything will be alright. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Wordplay\n\nIn Hebrew, the word for “message” can also mean “burden.” In translations that are using footnotes, you may want to explain the wordplay in a footnote. In translations that are not using footnotes or which will primarily be distributed in an oral form, you may need a sentence like “What message has the Lord burdened you with now?” or “You (plural) call God’s message a heavy burden on you.” 23:1 q9nk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 1–4, Yahweh refers to Israel as his pasture, the people of Israel as his sheep, and the leaders of Israel as the shepherds. Shepherds have a duty to protect the sheep, but the leaders were not doing that. 23:1 z9sb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 23:2 hus7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet You have scattered my flock and have driven them away 0 These two phrases have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. 23:3 n6wn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to a grazing place 0 Yahweh refers to the land of Israel as if it were good pasture for his people. This good pasture is a metonym for provision for their needs. Alternate translation: “to good pasture” or “to where all their needs will be supplied” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 23:3 k44c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet they will be fruitful and increase 0 The word “increase” explains how they will be “fruitful.” Alternate translation: “they will increase greatly in number” 23:4 ybw9 I will raise up 0 Alternate translation: “I will appoint” 23:4 t983 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet they will no longer fear or be shattered 0 The words “be shattered” mean that someone has caused them to be afraid and mean basically the same thing as “fear.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will make them afraid anymore” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 23:4 n8p6 None of them 0 Alternate translation: “None of my people” 23:4 ku28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 23:5 xn4x See 0 This word alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. 23:5 wru3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will raise up 0 This idiom means he will appoint a successor. 23:5 wi4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a righteous branch 0 This future king descended from David is spoken of as if he were a branch grown on a tree. Alternate translation: “a righteous descendant” 23:5 he9a a righteous branch 0 Some modern versions translate this as “a legitimate successor to the throne.” 23:5 ki8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns cause justice and righteousness in the land 0 The abstract nouns “justice” and “righteousness” can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “cause people to act justly and rightly” 23:5 k63x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in the land 0 Here “land” refers to the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “for all the people in the nation” 23:6 ls7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Judah will be rescued 0 Here “Judah” refers to the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah will be rescued” 23:6 cl3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Judah will be rescued 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will rescue Judah from their enemies” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 23:6 y7s1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Israel will live in security 0 Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel will live in security” 23:6 b9n9 he will be called 0 this refers to the king 23:6 tg6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Yahweh is our righteousness 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, the one who does what is right for us” 23:7 kss4 0 # General Information:\n\nThis verse is very similar to [Jeremiah 16:14](../16/14.md), although not exactly the same. Compare how you translated that verse. 23:7 t4jx see 0 The word “see” here alerts the reader to pay attention to the important information that follows. 23:7 xb5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom As Yahweh lives 0 “as surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” 23:8 d1ds 0 # General Information:\n\nThis verse is very similar to [Jeremiah 16:15](../16/15.md), although not exactly the same. Compare how you translated that verse. 23:8 yqm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet who brought up and who led back 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “who brought back” 23:8 e2wl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” 23:8 eqs7 the northern land and all the lands where they had been driven 0 This refers to the way the northern ten tribes of Israel were captured and spread out among the surrounding countries. 23:8 c7iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Then they will live in their own land 0 This refers to Israel, from where they were scattered. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then they will live in their own land again” 23:9 j7qj 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 9–32 Jeremiah delivers Yahweh’s message to the false prophets and the priests. Jeremiah is speaking in verse 9, but it is not clear if verse 10 are the words of Jeremiah or of Yahweh. 23:9 f11c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Regarding the prophets, my heart is broken in me, and all of my bones tremble 0 The prophet speaks of his heart being broken and his bones trembling because he is afraid of the judgment that will result from the lies of the false prophets. Alternate translation: “I have great fear for what will happen because of the false prophets” 23:9 lb5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom my heart is broken in me 0 This idiom refers to deep sadness. Alternate translation: “I am very sad” 23:9 g6mk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all of my bones tremble 0 Here trembling is associated with fear. Alternate translation: “I am very afraid” 23:9 a63q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile I have become like a drunk man, like a man whom wine has overpowered 0 People who are drunk are not able to control themselves. Likewise, Jeremiah has lost control of himself out of fear of Yahweh’s punishment. Alternate translation: “I am like a drunk man; I cannot control myself” 23:10 v7jt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole the land is full of adulterers 0 The land is spoken of as if it were a container and the adulterers were objects that filled the container completely. That is, everyone in the land is an adulterer, which in turn is an exaggeration for very many people being adulterers. 23:10 pz91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor adulterers 0 This word here probably has two senses. It has the literal meaning that the men in the nation had committed adultery against their own wives, and it also has the figurative meaning that they had abandoned Yahweh in order to worship idols. 23:10 t6w1 the land is dried up 0 Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew phrase as “the land mourns.” 23:10 u1vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor These prophets’ paths are wicked 0 The wicked actions of the false prophets are spoken of as if they were walking on an evil path. Alternate translation: “These prophets are doing things that are wicked” 23:11 g5xv Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md). 23:11 pq1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the prophets and the priests are polluted 0 The prophets and priests are defiled by sin in the same way that water can be polluted by filth. Alternate translation: “the prophets and the priests are sinful” 23:12 fgb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile their way will be like a slippery place in the darkness 0 The danger of their actions is spoken of as if they were about to fall off the slippery edge of a cliff in the dark and injure themselves. Alternate translation: “there actions are unstable and dangerous, like walking on a slippery place in the darkness” 23:12 cdv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will send disaster against them 0 Yahweh speaks of disaster as an enemy that he will send to attack the priests and false prophets. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to experience disaster” 23:13 q2w8 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md). 23:13 sqi5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor led my people Israel astray 0 The deception of the people by the false prophets is spoken of as leading them down the wrong path. Alternate translation: “deceived my people, the Israelites” 23:14 kpq8 They commit adultery 0 This could mean: (1) they were literally unfaithful to their wives or (2) their worship of other gods is spoken of as spiritual adultery. 23:14 gu9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom walk in deceit 0 This idiom means they lived a life of deceit. Alternate translation: “live in dishonesty” 23:14 v93v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche They strengthen the hands of evildoers 0 Here “hands” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “They strengthen those who do evil” or “They encourage people who do evil” 23:14 hf5u no one turns back from his evildoing 0 This can be state in positive form. Alternate translation: “everyone continues in their sin” 23:14 cc8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile All of them have become like Sodom … like Gomorrah 0 Sodom and Gomorrah were cities that were so wicked that God destroyed them with fire from heaven. Alternate translation: “They all became as evil as Sodom … as wicked as Gomorrah” 23:15 t5fw Yahweh of hosts says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 23:15 cv5x Look 0 The word “look” here alerts the reader to pay attention to the important information that follows. 23:15 ug5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am about to make them eat wormwood and drink poisonous water 0 Wormwood is a plant that is very bitter and unpleasant to eat. This phrase describes the punishment that Yahweh was going to bring about on the evil prophets. In the same way wormwood was bitter and the water was poisonous, so would Yaweh’s judgment be on the evil prophets. 23:15 wjd4 I am about to 0 Alternate translation: “I will soon” 23:15 zxk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor pollution has gone out from the prophets 0 Here the evil teaching of the priests and false prophets is spoken of as if it were something filthy that ruined the land. Alternate translation: “evil has come from the prophets” 23:15 fxa4 pollution 0 dirty and unsafe things that spoil the air, water, or land where they are found 23:16 z212 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md). 23:16 u2nu Yahweh of hosts says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 23:16 yu7d They have deluded you! 0 Alternate translation: “The prophets have caused you to believe something that is not true!” 23:16 qzm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy visions from their own minds 0 Here “minds” refers to the thoughts of the false prophets. Alternate translation: “visions that they imagined” 23:16 nij1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy not from Yahweh’s mouth 0 Here “mouth” refers to what Yahweh said. Alternate translation: “not what Yahweh said” 23:17 e3yb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole They are constantly saying 0 The word “constantly” is an exaggeration to emphasize that this is what they normally say. 23:17 kg1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor everyone walking in the stubbornness of his own heart says 0 Here “heart” refers to their desires. To follow those desires is spoken of as walking in them. Alternate translation: “everyone stubbornly does whatever they desire to do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 23:17 ww1a Disaster will not come upon you 0 Alternate translation: “Nothing bad will happen to you” 23:18 rtl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Yet who has stood in Yahweh’s council meeting? Who sees and hears his word? Who pays attention to his word and listens? 0 These questions are used to rebuke the priests and false prophets for not obeying Yahweh. Alternate translation: “No one advises Yahweh. No one understands what Yahweh says. No one obeys Yahweh’s commands.” 23:18 crs3 pays attention to his word and listens 0 These two phrases mean the same thing. They can be combined in one phrase. Alternate translation: “obeys his word at all” 23:19 sv8q Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md). 23:19 b4tl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor there is a storm coming from Yahweh … His fury is going out … a tempest is whirling about 0 These three phrases all refer to a great storm that is a metaphor for Yahweh’s anger. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s anger is coming like a great storm, going out with fury and whirling like a tempest” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 23:19 gsy3 a tempest 0 a violent windstorm 23:19 w4qs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor It is whirling around the heads of the wicked 0 Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if it were a windstorm whirling around the wicked. Alternate translation: “It is coming upon the wicked like a windstorm” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 23:20 n8pg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Yahweh’s wrath will not return until it 0 Yahweh’s wrath is spoken of as if it were alive and could act on its own. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not stop being angry until he” 23:20 p9sd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy carried out and brought into being his heart’s intentions 0 Here “heart’s intentions” refers to the things that Yahweh wanted to happen. Alternate translation: “completed and accomplished all the punishment that he had planned” 23:20 b1p2 the final days 0 Alternate translation: “the future” 23:21 duz4 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh is the speaker in verses 21–40. 23:21 e2zq Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md). 23:21 jy71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they have still prophesied 0 It is understood that they are prophesying falsely. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “they have prophesied falsely anyway” 23:22 nx49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo if they had stood in my council meeting 0 Yahweh states what would have happened if the priests and false prophets had participated in Yahweh’s council meeting in heaven. This hypothetical situation is impossible. Alternate translation: “if they had truly listened to me” 23:22 kym3 my council meeting 0 In ancient times, God was thought to hold meetings with the angels in heaven. Yahweh is referring to this kind of meeting, which humans could not attend. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 23:18](../23/18.md). 23:22 n2ix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to turn from 0 This idiom means they would stop doing these things. 23:23 w171 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md). 23:23 dpw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Am I only a God nearby … and not also a God far away? 0 Yahweh uses this question to rebuke the priests and false prophets for thinking that he did not rule everywhere. Alternate translation: “I am not only a God who is here in Jerusalem … but I am everywhere!” 23:23 ek7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 23:24 s2d6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can anyone hide in a secret place so I cannot see him? 0 Yahweh uses this question to rebuke the priests and false prophets for thinking that he did not see the evil that they were doing. Alternate translation: “No one can hide in a secret place so I cannot see him.” 23:24 asa4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion do I not fill the heavens and the earth? 0 Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is everywhere in heaven and on earth. Alternate translation: “I am everywhere, both in the heavens and on the earth.” 23:25 efh2 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md). 23:25 z8fx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns prophesying deceit 0 The word “deceit” can be expressed as an adjective or an adverb. Alternate translation: “prophesying deceit things” or “prophesying deceitfully” 23:25 aqc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in my name 0 This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. See how you translated this phrase in [Jeremiah 14:14](../14/14.md). 23:25 ax5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I had a dream! 0 They meant that this dream was from God. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I had a dream from Yahweh” 23:26 ud78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How long will this go on, prophets who prophesy lies from their minds, and who prophesy from the deceit in their hearts? 0 Yahweh asks this question to emphasize that this is something that should not continue. Alternate translation: “This should not continue, prophets declaring lies which they themselves have made up.” 23:26 acr3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet prophesy lies from their minds … prophesy from the deceit in their hearts 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the false prophets made up their prophesies. Alternate translation: “prophesy things that come only from their own minds” 23:27 z1ge rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy forget my name … forgot my name 0 Here the word “name” refers to the whole being of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “forget me … forgot me” or “forget who I am … forgot who I am” 23:27 ph7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in favor of Baal’s name 0 Here “Baal’s name” refers to the god Baal. Alternate translation: “leading my people to worship Baal instead of me” 23:28 uu8f Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md). 23:28 nf21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 23:29 cmi2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is not my word like fire? & and like a hammer that shatters a rock into pieces? 0 Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that his word is much more powerful than the words of mere men. In that way, his word is like fire or a hammer. Alternate translation: “My word is powerful like fire … and powerful like a hammer that shatters a rock into pieces.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 23:30 s9jd I am against 0 Alternate translation: “I am opposed to” 23:30 za3e steals words from another person 0 This implies that the false prophets are thieves. They are so evil that they take each other’s messages without permission rather than make up their own false messages. 23:31 fj9k Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md). 23:31 eh6r See 0 This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention” 23:31 cyr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who use their tongues 0 Here “tongues” is a metonym for the ability to speak. 23:33 a291 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 33–40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible. 23:33 c2ph Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md). 23:33 rek5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you asks you … you will say 0 These two instances of “you” are singular and refer to Jeremiah. 23:33 t7eb What is the burden of Yahweh? 0 Here “burden” means a message or prophecy from Yahweh. 23:33 smx4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you You are the burden … cast you off 0 These two instances of “you” are plural and refer to the false prophets and the priests. 23:33 gg8m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You are the burden 0 Here “burden” means a heavy load. This is a metaphor that means they annoy Yahweh and he no longer wants to put up with them. Alternate translation: “You are a burden that I am tired of carrying” 23:33 ct8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 23:34 dnw7 This is the burden of Yahweh 0 Here “burden” means a message or prophecy from Yahweh. 23:34 zc9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his house 0 Here “house” is a metonym for the family that lives inside it. Alternate translation: “his family” 23:35 x255 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 33–40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible. 23:35 lj8n Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md). 23:35 m2dm You continue to say & ‘What did Yahweh declare?’ 0 It may be helpful to reorder this sentence. Alternate translation: “Each person continues to ask his neighbor and his brother, ‘What did Yahweh answer?’ and ‘What did Yahweh declare?’” 23:36 c4en But you must no longer talk about the ‘burden of Yahweh,’ for the burden is every man’s own word, and 0 This could mean: (1) both instances of “burden” mean “message.” Alternate translation: “You must no longer call your visions the ‘burden of Yahweh’ because they are really only every man’s own words, and” or (2) the first ‘burden’ means “message” and the second means “heavy load.” Alternate translation: “You must no longer talk about the ‘message of Yahweh’ because the words that each of you speak are what is a ‘heavy load.’ In this way” 23:36 ppq7 you have perverted the words … our God 0 To “pervert” something is to twist or distort it. Alternate translation: “you have changed the message of the living God, Yahweh of hosts, our God, to say what you want it to say and not what God said” 23:37 ntt4 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 33–40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible. 23:37 pg4g Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh completes his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md). 23:37 u96b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you This is what you will say 0 Here “you” is singular and refers to Jeremiah. 23:38 da5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you But if you say … Because you have said … when I sent to you … You will not say 0 All of these instances of “you” are plural and refer to the priests and false prophets. 23:39 uyp8 therefore, behold 0 “therefore, pay attention.” This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows. 23:39 w43s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am about to pick you up and throw you away from me 0 Yahweh speaks of sending these priests and false prophets into exile as if they were an object that he was going to throw far away. Alternate translation: “I am about to drive you away from me” 23:39 u7cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you pick you up … throw you … I gave you 0 All of these instances of “you” are plural and refer to the priests and false prophets. 23:39 ad6n the city that I gave you 0 This refers to Jerusalem. 23:40 bq3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you insult on you 0 This instance of “you” is plural and refers to the priests and false prophets. 23:40 t2qe I will put everlasting shame and insult on you that will not be forgotten 0 “I will cover you with shame that will last forever and insult that you will never forget” or “I will cause people to make fun of you forever. People will never forget that you were disgraced.” Yahweh speaks of the humiliation of the priests and false prophets as if he would put shame and insult on them like clothing. 23:40 p6n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that will not be forgotten 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that will last forever” 24:intro fru9 0 # Jeremiah 24 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The exiles are blessed and the others punished\n\nGod will bless the people who were taken away into Babylon but punish the people left in the land because they still did not repent and turn to him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) 24:1 dy22 me 0 All instances of this pronoun refer to Jeremiah. 24:1 gh4c Behold 0 The word “Behold” here shows that Jeremiah saw something interesting. 24:1 mx54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background This vision happened … them to Babylon 0 This part of the story is used to provide historical information to show when the events of the happened. 24:1 gms2 craftsmen 0 people skilled at building things 24:1 i6yi metalworkers 0 people skilled at creating things out of metal 24:2 yn27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they could not be eaten 0 These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one could eat them” 24:3 wk1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they cannot be eaten 0 These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one could eat them … no one can eat them” 24:4 th8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” 24:5 bn7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will look on the exiles of Judah for their benefit 0 Here “look on” is an idiom that means Yahweh will take care of them. Alternate translation: “I will take good care of the exiles of Judah” 24:5 vt5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile just like these good figs 0 The good figs represent those Judean exiles sent to the land of Chaldea. 24:6 p9np rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will set my eyes on them for good 0 Here “set my eyes” means he will see them. Seeing them is a metonym for caring for them. Alternate translation: “I will bless them” 24:6 i7sm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism I will build them up, and not tear them down. I will plant them, and not uproot them 0 These two metaphors have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. Alternate translation: “I will help them to prosper in Chaldea” 24:6 pp2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will build them up, and not tear them down 0 Yahweh speak of the exiles as a building which Yahweh will build and not tear down. Alternate translation: “I will help them flourish in the land, and not ruin them” 24:6 whb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will plant them, and not uproot them 0 Yahweh speak of the exiles as plants which Yahweh will plant in good soil and not pull out. Alternate translation: “I will establish them in the land, and not remove them” 24:9 hi95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet I will turn them into a frightening thing, a disaster … a disgrace and a subject for proverbs, taunts, and curses 0 These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how thoroughly Yahweh will judge the people of Jerusalem. They will become something that will frighten other people when they see it. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 24:10 f8lu I will send out sword, famine, and plague against them 0 Alternate translation: “I will kill them with war, famine and sicknesses” 24:10 j4rn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will send out sword 0 Here “sword” refers to war or enemy armies. Alternate translation: “I will send enemy armies” or “I will send out war” 24:10 k2as rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification sword, famine, and plague 0 These things are spoken of as if they were living things that could attack the people of Jerusalem. 24:10 l4fs they are destroyed from the land 0 Alternate translation: “none of them remain in the land” 25:intro uf7k 0 # Jeremiah 25 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 25:30–38.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Seventy years\n\nBabylon will rule over Judah for seventy years. Because Yahweh is just, he will soon punish Babylon for their evil actions. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Idiom\n\nJeremiah uses the idiom of drinking the cup of wine of God’s punishment to say that Babylon will destroy all the surrounding nations and then be destroyed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 25:1 jgw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom This is the word that came to Jeremiah 0 It is implied that the word that came to Jeremiah was from Yahweh. This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” 25:1 a9rv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the fourth … the first 0 25:3 q39g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Amon 0 This is a man’s name. 25:5 nw93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Let each man turn from his wicked way and the corruption of his practices 0 Jeremiah speaks of people who stop committing an action as if those people were turning away from that action. 25:5 xe34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet his wicked way and the corruption of his practices 0 The terms “wicked way” and “corruption of his practices” mean the same thing and refer to every sinful thing that they do. 25:5 jc1p the corruption of his practices 0 Alternate translation: “his corrupt practices” 25:6 yxs7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor do not walk after other gods 0 Jeremiah speaks of a person being devoted to a god as if the person were walking behind the god. Alternate translation: “do not become devoted to other gods” 25:6 cgg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit do not provoke him with the work of your hands 0 The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Here, the phrase **the work of your hands** could mean: (1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh with the idols that you have made” or (2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh by the things that you do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 25:7 fz11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit you have provoked me with the work of your hands to do harm to you 0 See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:6](../25/06.md). Here, the phrase **the work of your hands** could mean: (1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the idols that you have made with your hands” or (2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the things that you do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 25:7 t2s6 to do harm to you 0 Alternate translation: “so that I do harm to you” 25:8 i8m8 Yahweh of hosts says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 25:9 rd1n see 0 Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you” 25:9 kxv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom bring them against this land 0 The idiom to “bring … against this land” means that they will attack the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “bring them to attack this land” 25:9 h39v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will set them apart for destruction 0 The idiom “set … apart for destruction” means to destroy something completely. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them completely” 25:9 h2cj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I will turn them into a horror 0 The word “horror” may be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I will turn them into something that horrifies people” 25:9 e1u4 an object for hissing 0 The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people will hiss” 25:10 nzy3 millstones 0 These are two large, round stones used to grind grain. 25:10 n68f the sound of joy and sound of gladness, the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:34](../07/34.md). 25:11 zyt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns all of this land will become a desolation and a horror 0 The words “desolation” and “horror” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I will cause this land to be desolate and something that horrifies people” 25:12 m9ye when seventy years have been completed 0 Alternate translation: “after seventy years” or “after seventy years have passed” 25:12 pua7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns an unending desolation 0 The noun “desolation” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “desolate forever” 25:13 dbu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive everything written in this book 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “everything that Jeremiah has written in this book” or “everything that one has written in this book” 25:14 tv7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will repay them for their deeds and the works of their hands 0 Yahweh speaks of punishing the people of the nations for what they have done as if he were paying them back. 25:14 l9f2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet their deeds and the works of their hands 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The idiom “the works of their hands” refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “everything that they have done” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 25:15 uqa7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Take this cup of the wine of fury 0 Yahweh speaks of his extreme anger as if it were wine that fills a cup. Alternate translation: “Take this cup of wine that represents my fury” 25:15 nl26 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy make all the nations … drink it 0 The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Yahweh speaks of people experiencing his fury as if they were to drink the wine that is in the cup. Alternate translation: “make all the people of the nations … drink the wine” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 25:16 y8ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they will drink and then stagger about and rant madly 0 Yahweh speaks of the people being terrified about his fury as if they were drunk from drinking the wine from the cup. 25:16 ftn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy before the sword that I am sending out among them 0 Here the word “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “because of the wars that I am causing to happen among them” 25:17 ti8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. 25:17 h4ut rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I made all the nations … drink it 0 The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “I made all the people of the nations … drink the wine from the cup” 25:18 a2nm something terrifying 0 The adjective “terrifying” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “something that terrifies people” 25:18 m6p4 an object for hissing and cursing 0 The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval. Both “hissing” and “cursing” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people hiss and which they curse” 25:18 jbw1 they are at this present day 0 Here, this phrase could mean: (1) refers to the time when the book of Jeremiah was written and some time after Jeremiah had proclaimed this prophecy or (2) means that the things about which Jeremiah prophesies here have already started to happen. 25:19 zv1x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. 25:19 c8ay rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Other nations also had to drink it 0 The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “People from other nations also had to drink the wine from the cup” 25:20 lnv5 people of mixed heritage 0 This could mean: (1) people whose ancestors were from different people groups or (2) foreigners who lived in Egypt. 25:20 y7a1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Uz 0 This is the name of a place. 25:22 q9z1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. 25:22 e275 the sea 0 This is a reference to the Mediterranean Sea. 25:23 ufe5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Dedan, Tema, and Buz 0 These are the names of places. 25:23 ak9u all the ones who cut the hair on the sides of their heads 0 This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “all the people who live on the edge of the wilderness.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 9:26](../09/26.md). 25:23 dgh2 they also had to drink it 0 Alternate translation: “they also had to drink the wine from the cup” 25:24 gv4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. 25:25 dg7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zimri 0 This is the name of a place. 25:26 kn4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom everyone with his brother 0 This is an idiom that means every person, one after another. Alternate translation: “one after another” 25:26 f9h6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all of them had to drink the cup from Yahweh’s hand 0 Here “the cup” is a metonym for the wine that it contains. Alternate translation: “all of these people had to drink the wine from the cup in Yahweh’s hand” 25:27 p9dl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. 25:27 dq9j Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 25:27 v2lj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy before the sword that I am sending among you 0 Here the word “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “before the wars that I am causing to happen among you” 25:29 ut1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the city that is called by my name 0 This refers to Jerusalem and can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the city that I have called by my name” or “Jerusalem, which I have called by my name” 25:29 xp4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion and should you yourselves be free from punishment? 0 Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people and to emphasize that he will certainly punish them. Alternate translation: “so do not think that you yourselves will be free from punishment.” 25:29 xg8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I am calling a sword against all the inhabitants of the land 0 Here the word “sword” represents war. Yahweh speaks of declaring war against the people as if he were calling a sword against them. Alternate translation: “I am declaring war against all the inhabitants of the land” or “I am bringing war against all the inhabitants of the land” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 25:30 c55r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh will roar 0 Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh shouting very loudly as if he were roaring like a lion. 25:30 l53r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the heights 0 This phrase is a metonym for heaven. Alternate translation: “from heaven” 25:30 x8nc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he will roar mightily against his fold 0 Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as if he were a lion and his people were a flock of sheep. The people will be helpless when Yahweh comes to punish them, as sheep are helpless when a lion attacks. 25:30 ct53 those who tread the grapes 0 This refers to people who crush grapes in a winepress with their feet in order to make wine. 25:31 fjq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to the ends of the earth 0 This is an idiom that means the farthest places on the earth. By referencing both ends, it refers to everywhere in between. Alternate translation: “to the farthest places on the earth” or “to everywhere on earth” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) 25:31 ytv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy on all flesh 0 Here the word “flesh” represents humanity. Alternate translation: “on all mankind” or “on all people” 25:31 luq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 25:32 gee1 Yahweh of hosts says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 25:32 vv51 See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” 25:32 zv4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification disaster is going out from nation to nation 0 Yahweh speaks of great disasters happening in each nation as if “disaster” were a person who goes from nation to nation. Alternate translation: “great disasters are going to happen in one nation after another” 25:32 dfh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a great storm is beginning from the farthest parts of the earth 0 Here, this metaphor could mean: (1) Yahweh speaks of Babylonian army and the destruction that it will cause as if it were a great storm or (2) Yahweh speaks of his great anger as if it were a great storm that causes much destruction. 25:33 nd4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive those killed by Yahweh 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those whom Yahweh killed” 25:33 zab4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism will on that day extend from one end of the earth to the other 0 By mentioning both ends of the earth, this phrase represents everywhere in between those ends. Alternate translation: “will on that day cover the entire earth” 25:33 gm43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they will not be mourned, gathered, or buried 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will mourn them, gather them, or bury them” 25:33 brq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile They will be like dung on the ground 0 The bodies are compared to dung on the ground to emphasize that they will be disgusting and that no one will bury them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 16:4](../16/04.md). 25:34 i7rd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor shepherds 0 Yahweh speaks of the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who are responsible for protecting and caring for the people, who, implicitly, are spoken of as if they are the sheep. 25:34 tec2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction Roll about in the dust 0 This is a sign of sorrow, mourning or distress. 25:34 ufa1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you leaders of the flock 0 This phrase also refers to the leaders of Israel who are responsible to care for the people, who are spoken of as if they were a flock of sheep. Alternate translation: “you leaders of the people” 25:34 chn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony for the days of your slaughter have come 0 Usually it is the sheep that are slaughtered, but here Yahweh says that he will slaughter the shepherds. The word “slaughter” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “for the time has come for me to slaughter you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 25:34 cj7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will be scattered when you fall like fine pottery 0 Yahweh speaks of the leaders of Israel being destroyed as if they are pieces of pottery that shatter when they fall to the ground. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will fall like fine pottery and your shattered pieces will scatter on the ground” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 25:36 taa7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh is destroying their pastures 0 Yahweh speaks of the nation in which the leaders think that they live peacefully as if it were the “pastures” in which they care for the sheep 25:37 n1fc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor So the peaceful pastures will be devastated 0 Yahweh continues to speak of the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds. Here he speaks of the nation as the “pastures” in which they think they live peacefully. 25:37 nz1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the peaceful pastures will be devastated because of Yahweh’s fierce anger 0 This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will devastate the peaceful pastures because of he extremely angry” 25:38 gc84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Like a young lion, he has left his den 0 Yahweh punishing his people in his extreme wrath is spoken of as if Yahweh were a lion who leaves his den in search of prey. 25:38 tr4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns their land will become a horror 0 The word “horror” may be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “their land will become something that horrifies people” 25:38 ef4f the oppressor’s anger 0 This refers to the anger of Israel’s enemies. 26:intro m6jw 0 # Jeremiah 26 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The people want to kill Jeremiah\n\nThe people wanted to kill Jeremiah but other people intervened and said that they should listen to Jeremiah and repent. They represent the remnant of the faithful Jews. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) 26:1 hc6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom this word came from Yahweh, saying 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 18:1](../18/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This message came from Yahweh. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message” 26:1 v8wh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit this word came from Yahweh, saying 0 It can be stated clearly who Yahweh gave this message to. Alternate translation: “this word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah” 26:2 f1ff rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor cities of Judah 0 The word “cities” is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “people from the cities of Judah” 26:2 aun6 Do not cut short any word! 0 Alternate translation: “Do not leave anything out from what I have told you!” 26:3 x43j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor each man will turn from his wicked ways 0 Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “each man will stop his wicked way of living” 26:3 v13u so I will relent concerning the disaster 0 This is conditional destruction. If Judah repents, God will not destroy but heal them. 26:3 ig56 the wickedness of their practices 0 Alternate translation: “the wicked way that they live” or “the wicked things that they do” 26:6 vka9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile then I will make this house like Shiloh 0 Yahweh had destroyed a place of worship at Shiloh, and he was threatening to destroy this place of worship. 26:6 qd3h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will turn this city into a curse 0 What Yahweh would turn the city into is a metonym for what people would use the city for. Alternate translation: “I will make this city so that people will ask me to destroy others the way I have destroyed this city” 26:6 w3q2 in the sight of all the nations on earth 0 Alternate translation: “so that all the nations on earth can see me do it” 26:7 id3z Yahweh’s house 0 the temple 26:8 zr32 all the people seized him and said, “You will certainly die! 0 This could mean: (1) The people chose to believe the lie of false peace and did not want to be confronted with the truth, or (2) the people believed the other prophets proclaiming peace and saw Jeremiah as a false prophet who should be stoned for leading the people astray. 26:9 sb1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why have you prophesied … inhabitant? 0 This rebuke can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have prophesied … inhabitant.” 26:10 kp6h the New Gate 0 the name of the gate through which people went into the temple 26:11 n24j you heard with your own ears 0 Alternate translation: “you heard” 26:12 m8sc this house and this city 0 Alternate translation: “the people who worship in Yahweh’s temple and those who live in the city of Jerusalem” 26:13 u7ib rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet your ways … your practices 0 These two phrases mean almost the same thing. Alternate translation: “the things you do” 26:13 u76z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche listen to the voice of Yahweh 0 The voice is a synecdoche for the person, and the same word can be translated “listen” or “obey.” Alternate translation: “obey Yahweh” 26:14 kr6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet Do to me what is good and right in your eyes 0 The words “good” and “right” mean the same thing. The eye is a metonym for the person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “Do to me whatever you think is the right thing to do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 26:15 r93l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you are bringing innocent blood on yourselves and on this city and its inhabitants 0 Blood is a metonym for violent death, and to bring blood on someone is to make them guilty of violent death. Alternate translation: “you are making yourselves and this city and its inhabitants guilty of the violent death of an innocent person” 26:15 cu9w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet this city and its inhabitants 0 These are two ways of speaking of the same people, perhaps first as a group and then as individuals. The city is a metonym for the people in the city. Alternate translation: “all the people in the city and every one of the people who live here” 26:15 mi1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for your ears 0 The ear is a metonym for what the ear hears. Alternate translation: “for you to hear” 26:16 jf98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in the name of Yahweh our God 0 The person’s name is a metonym for his authority. Alternate translation: “with the authority of Yahweh our God” 26:18 z8nb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 # General Information: 26:18 t6dn Morashite 0 a person from the town or region of Moresheth 26:18 az6u Yahweh of hosts says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 26:18 pi1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Zion will become a plowed field … and the hill of the temple will become a thicket 0 “Zion” and “the hill of the temple” refer to the same place. When a farmer plows a field, he turns over all the dirt and uproots all the plants that are growing there. A thicket is so full of bushes that no one can use it for anything. These two metaphors cannot be literally true at the same time, but they emphasize that Yahweh will allow the invaders to completely destroy the temple area. 26:19 qp3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Did Hezekiah … put him to death? 0 The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. Alternate translation: “You know very well that Hezekiah … did not put him to death.” 26:19 pa6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all of Judah 0 The land is a metonym for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah” 26:19 vxq8 Did he not fear Yahweh and appease the face of Yahweh … them? 0 The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. Alternate translation: “You know very well that he feared Yahweh and appeased the face of Yahweh so that Yahweh … them.” 26:19 gxw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche appease the face of Yahweh 0 The face is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “cause Yahweh to be less angry” 26:19 fc9w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion So will we do greater evil against our own lives? 0 The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. The word “lives” is a metonym for the people. Alternate translation: “If we kill Jeremiah, we will do greater evil against our own lives.” or “We do not want to do worse things to ourselves.” 26:20 vwh1 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJeremiah stops telling about his own life and begins telling about what happened to another prophet. 26:20 lp4c Meanwhile there was 0 Alternate translation: “While what I was just telling you about was happening, there was” 26:20 dij2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy prophesied against this city and this land 0 The words “city” and “land” are metonyms for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “prophesied that bad things would happen to the people who lived in this city and this land” 26:21 m5dp heard his word 0 Alternate translation: “heard what he said” 26:22 pux5 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThis is the end of the story of Uriah. 26:22 q88r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Elnathan … Akbor 0 men’s names 26:23 dgv1 corpse 0 dead body 26:24 d2pc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of Ahikam … was with Jeremiah 0 The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. Ahikam was not a soldier, so he probably was able to talk to people and change their minds. Alternate translation: “Ahikam … was able to help Jeremiah” or “Ahikam … was able to keep the people from harming Jeremiah” 26:24 t71n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahikam … Shaphan 0 men’s names 26:24 y6jk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he was not given into the hand of the people to be put to death 0 The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Ahikam did not allow the people to have the power to put Jeremiah to death” or “the people could not kill Jeremiah because Ahikam did not give them the power to” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 27:intro ka54 0 # Jeremiah 27 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The nations should serve Babylon\n\nJeremiah told the king of Judah, and all the surrounding nations, to serve the Babylonians and live in their land. If they refused, Babylon would take them as captives to another land. 27:2 w3cz fetters 0 things that keep a person from moving freely 27:3 ak1w Then send them out 0 This seems to mean that Jeremiah was to send a set of fetters and yoke to each king listed. But some versions of the Bible translate this as “Then send out messages.” 27:3 tkx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Send them by the hand of those kings’ ambassadors who … Judah 0 The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “Have those kings’ ambassadors, who … Judah, take them” 27:4 tqe7 Give commands to them for their masters 0 Jeremiah was instructed to give a set of chains and yoke to each ambassador and a message for each king regarding the chains and yoke. 27:4 ujr8 Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 27:5 si5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom by my great strength and my raised arm 0 The phrase “raised arm” refers to great power and intensifies the first phrase. Alternate translation: “by my very great power” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 27:5 yla5 I give it to anyone who is right in my eyes 0 Another possible meaning is “I give it to anyone I want to.” 27:6 p2p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I … am giving all these lands into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar … servant 0 The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises, and the word “lands” is a metonym for the people who live in those lands. Alternate translation: “I … am putting the people who live in all these lands under the power of Nebuchadnezzar … servant” 27:7 j598 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the time for his land comes 0 You may need to make explicit the nature of the time. Alternate translation: “the time for me to destroy his land” 27:7 q3bv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy subdue him 0 Here “him” refers to Nebuchadnezzar who represents the kingdom of Babylon. Alternate translation: “will defeat Babylon” 27:8 p98j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor that does not put its neck under the yoke of the king 0 Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal on to the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. Alternate translation: “and whose people do not willingly become slaves of the king” 27:8 e21c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I have destroyed it by his hand 0 The hand here could be a metonym for Nebuchadnezzar’s power, or it could be a metonym for Nebuchadnezzar’s armies. Alternate translation: “I have used Nebuchadnezzar’s power to destroy it” or “I have enabled Nebuchadnezzar’s armies to destroy i” 27:9 vwe7 soothsayers 0 people who say what will happen in the future 27:11 l1up rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the nation that places its neck under the yoke of the king 0 Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal onto the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 27:8](../27/08.md). Alternate translation: “the nation whose people willingly becomes slaves of the king” 27:11 hi97 the nation that places 0 The nation here is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “the nation of people who place” 27:11 w1tr cultivate 0 This means to prepare and use land to grow food crops 27:11 eq6b make their homes in it 0 Alternate translation: “make their homes in their own land” 27:12 s392 Place your necks under the yoke of the king of Babylon 0 Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal onto the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. See how similar words were translated in [Jeremiah 27:8](../27/08.md). 27:12 gls2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Place your necks 0 The word “your” refers to Zedekiah and the people of Judah and so is plural. 27:13 dl31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why will you die … king of Babylon? 0 Jeremiah uses this question to warn the king that his actions will lead to his death. Alternate translation: “For if you do not do this, you will surely die … king.” 27:14 dre5 Do not listen to the words 0 Yahweh is warning the people about all the false prophets that he did not send and that are lying to them. 27:15 xb8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy they are prophesying deceit in my name 0 The phrase “in my name” represents speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. Here these prophets claim that they received their message from Yahweh, but that had not. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **deceit**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “deceiving.” Alternate translation: “they say they are speaking for me when they prophesy, but they are deceiving you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 27:15 qnt1 I will drive you out 0 Alternate translation: “I will force you to leave your home country” 27:16 cbz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The objects belonging to Yahweh’s house are being returned from Babylon now! 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People are bringing back all the gold items that they took from Yahweh’s temple!” 27:17 sk8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why should this city become a ruin? 0 Yahweh uses a question to warn the people. Alternate translation: “You can keep this city from becoming a ruin if you do what Yahweh wants you to do.” 27:18 a925 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo If they are prophets, and if the word of Yahweh has truly come to them, let them beg 0 This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh knows is not true. Alternate translation: “If they were prophets, and if the word of Yahweh had truly come to them, they would beg” or “Because they are not prophets and the word of Yahweh has not truly come to them, they will not beg” 27:18 p374 if the word of Yahweh has truly come to them 0 The phrase “word of Yahweh” refers to messages from God. Alternate translation: “if Yahweh has truly given them messages” or “if Yahweh truly spoke messages to them” 27:18 tay8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person the word of Yahweh … beg Yahweh of hosts not 0 Yahweh is speaking of himself in third person. Alternate translation: “my word … be me, Yahweh of hosts, not” 27:18 ej1m the house of the king of Judah 0 The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace where the king lived. Alternate translation: “the palace of the king of Judah” 27:19 sly4 Yahweh of hosts says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 27:19 mv9m the pillars, the large basin known as “The Sea” and its base 0 These were objects that were in the temple. “The Sea” was a large bronze bowl. 27:20 x7ff Jehoiachin 0 The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to. 27:21 x7vp Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 27:21 trv4 the house of the king of Judah 0 The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace there the king lived. Alternate translation: “the palace of the king of Judah” 27:22 s56l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive They will be brought to Babylon 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will bring them to Babylon” or “I will bring them to Babylon” 27:22 au73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 27:22 jjc7 I will bring them up 0 The reader should understand that Yahweh will have people carry them up. 28:intro r9mb 0 # Jeremiah 28 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### False prophecies continue\n\nA false prophet prophesied that the captives would return from Babylon with all the temple vessels. Jeremiah told the false prophet that he would die that year for prophesying lies, and he did die. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) 28:1 eue8 0 # General Information:\n\nHananiah claims to speak for God. 28:1 uk8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths in the fourth year and the fifth month 0 This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. This was after Zedekiah had been king for three years. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) 28:1 i5s1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Azzur 0 This is the name of a man. 28:2 nwh3 Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 28:2 aar4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have broken the yoke imposed by the king of Babylon 0 Hananaiah speaks of the people being in slavery as if they were oxen on which the Babylonians had put yokes to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I have made it so you are no longer slaves of the king of Babylon” or “I have set you free from slavery to the king of Babylon” 28:4 p8wn Jehoiachin 0 The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to. 28:4 g5wx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who were sent 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom I sent” 28:6 jm3q May Yahweh confirm the words that you prophesied 0 Alternate translation: “May Yahweh prove you have prophesied truly” 28:8 kgg7 The prophets who existed before me and you from long ago 0 Alternate translation: “The prophets who lived long ago before you and I” 28:9 v7cm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive then it will be known that he is indeed a prophet sent out by Yahweh 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “then you will know that he is indeed a true prophet and that Yahweh has sent him out” 28:11 ski8 Just like this 0 Alternate translation: “Just as Hananiah has taken the yoke off Jeremiah’s neck” 28:11 aj19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will break from off the neck of every nation the yoke imposed by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon 0 Hananaiah speaks of the people being in slavery as if they were oxen on which the Babylonians had put yokes to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I will make it so all nations are no longer slaves of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” or “I will set every nation free from slavery to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” 28:11 u45s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy every nation 0 The word “nation” is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “the people of every nation” 28:11 dg28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the yoke imposed by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the yoke that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has imposed” 28:11 ahp8 imposed 0 put on people 28:12 qez4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” 28:13 k1s2 You broke a yoke of wood, but I will make instead a yoke of iron 0 Alternate translation: “You broke a weak yoke, but I will replace it with a yoke that you cannot break” 28:14 u3bq Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 28:14 y7rs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have placed a yoke of iron on the neck of all of these nations to serve Nebuchadnezzar 0 Yahweh speaks of making nations to be slaves of Nebuchadnezzar as if he were putting yokes on oxen to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I have made all of these nations slaves, and they will have to serve Nebuchadnezzar” 28:16 mdf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person you proclaimed rebellion against Yahweh 0 It is not clear why Yahweh speaks of himself by name. Alternate translation: “you urged people to rebel against me” 28:17 gp9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths In the seventh month 0 This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) 29:intro l6ne 0 # Jeremiah 29 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Two letters\n\nJeremiah sent a letter to Babylon telling the exiles to prepare for a long stay. A false prophet in Babylon wrote back to the chief priest telling him to punish Jeremiah. Even though Jeremiah had prophesied the exile, the Jews still did not believe him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) 29:1 j1gt sent out from Jerusalem 0 Alternate translation: “proclaimed from Jerusalem” 29:1 kv6v remaining elders 0 Alternate translation: “elders who were still alive” 29:2 ici1 Jehoiachin 0 The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to. 29:2 lph9 the queen mother 0 the king’s mother 29:2 dd2l high officials 0 Alternate translation: “very important officials” 29:3 jx8m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche by the hand of Elasah 0 Jeremiah gave the scroll to Elasah so that Elasah could take it to Babylon. The reader should understand that Elasah probably put the scroll in a container to keep it safe as he traveled. 29:3 c79u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Elasah … Shapan … Gemariah … Hilkiah 0 These are the names of men. 29:4 wj14 Yahweh of hosts, God of Israel, says this to all the captives 0 When people wrote letters in that society, they would write their name first, then the name of the person to whom they were writing, and then the main part of the letter. Yahweh speaks of himself by name as if he were writing the letter himself. 29:4 zdg1 Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 29:5 b9h6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Build houses and live in them. Plant gardens and eat their fruit 0 Yahweh is telling them they will be there for a long time. 29:6 x2ss take wives for your sons, and give your daughters to husbands 0 Parents commonly arranged their children’s marriages. 29:7 e28z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Seek the peace of the city 0 The peace of the city is a metonym for the people living in peace. Alternate translation: “Do everything you can so the people of the city live in peace” 29:7 y2ms the city … its behalf … it is at peace 0 These words refer to the city of Babylon. 29:8 ty27 Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 29:8 uw13 you yourselves are having 0 Another possible meaning is “you are encouraging the prophets to have for you.” 29:9 k591 they are prophesying deceitfully … I did not send them 0 This could mean: (1) these words refer to the prophets and diviners, not to the dreams or (2) “they are prophesying deceitfully” refers to the dreams, and “I did not send them” refers to the prophets and diviners. 29:9 dl19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 29:10 j5jj you 0 the captive Israelites 29:10 f7ht rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy years 0 “70 years” 29:12 t5ie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you will call to me 0 Praying is spoken of as calling out with a loud voice. 29:12 chj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will listen to you 0 This implies that Yahweh will give them what they want. 29:13 t4q8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you will seek me 0 Wanting to know what Yahweh requires is spoken of as trying to find where Yahweh is. Alternate translation: “you will want to do what I require you to do” 29:13 w17i you will seek me with all your heart 0 Alternate translation: “you will be completely sincere when you seek me” 29:14 wng6 I will bring back your fortunes 0 Alternate translation: “I will cause things to go well for you again” or “I will cause you to live well again” 29:14 e84g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive I caused you to be exiled 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I sent you into exile” or “I sent you to be exiles” 29:15 mq78 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah speaks to the captive Israelites. 29:16 nxs3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the king who sits on the throne of David 0 Sitting on the throne is a metonym for ruling as king. Alternate translation: “the king who rules the Israelites as David did” 29:17 v7vj Yahweh of hosts says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 29:17 c4i2 See 0 This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention” 29:17 u8ah rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I am about to send sword, famine, and disease on them 0 The word “sword” is a metonym for war. The sword, famine, and disease are spoken of as people who can obey Yahweh’s command to harm the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I am going to punish them by having them die in war, from hunger, and from illness” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 29:17 u3lc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile For I will make them like rotten figs that are too bad to be eaten 0 Rotten figs are useless because they cannot be eaten, and Yahweh sees no use for the people of Israel. 29:18 pv3g Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Israel. 29:18 c9s9 a horror, an object of curses and hissing, and a shameful thing 0 These words all share similar meanings and describe how the people of other nations will react when they see what Yahweh has done to the people of Judah. 29:18 m2u4 hissing 0 the sound people make when they disapprove of something 29:19 xg4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 29:20 n6ah So you yourselves listen 0 Yahweh is now about to issue a command and wants them to pay attention. Alternate translation: “But as for you, listen carefully” 29:21 hg4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kolaiah … Maaseiah 0 These are the names of men. 29:21 li6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who prophesy falsely to you in my name 0 Here “name” is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “liars who tell you that they are speaking my words to you” 29:21 rtz1 See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” 29:21 nlw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I am about to put them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon 0 Here “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “I will allow Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon to conquer them” 29:21 rp45 before your eyes 0 Alternate translation: “where you can see him do it” 29:22 bu5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a curse will be spoken about these persons by all the captives of Judah in Babylon 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the captives of Judah in Babylon will say a curse about these persons” 29:22 d1hq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism roasted 0 This word usually refers to cooking food over an open fire or in a pan, not to burning completely. This could mean: (1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “burned to death” or (2) the king’s men attached them to poles over the fire close enough that the fire would slowly kill them but far enough away that it would not totally consume their bodies. 29:23 siu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 29:24 b1e4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shemaiah 0 This is a man’s name. 29:24 zl7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nehelamite 0 This is the name of a people group. 29:25 l5qk Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 29:25 atv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in your own name 0 The word “name” refers to a person’s authority and reputation. Alternate translation: “based on your own authority and reputation” 29:25 p62k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Maaseiah 0 This is a man’s name. 29:26 x2p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jehoiada 0 This is a man’s name. 29:26 bf8u stocks 0 a wooden frame that holds the feet, hands, or head of a person whom someone is punishing 29:27 z9tj 0 # General Information:\n\nThis finishes the letter by Shemaiah that he sent out to the people in Jerusalem. 29:27 p5f5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion why have you not rebuked Jeremiah of Anathoth … against you? 0 Shemaiah uses a rhetorical question to scold the people of Jerusalem for not rebuking Jeremiah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I want you to rebuke Jeremiah of Anathoth … against you.” 29:28 v7fm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he has sent to us 0 You may need to make explicit what it was that Jeremiah sent. Alternate translation: “he has sent a message to us” 29:28 v3zf Build houses and live in them, and plant gardens and eat their fruit 0 See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:5](../29/05.md). 29:29 vih2 in the hearing of Jeremiah the prophet 0 “so that Jeremiah the prophet could hear him read it.” See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md). 29:30 z78k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” 29:31 ysp9 Shemaiah the Nehelamite 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 29:24](../29/24.md). 29:32 h1dk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the good 0 This can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the good things” 29:32 q7ck rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 29:32 bs4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person he has proclaimed rebellion against Yahweh 0 It is not clear why Yahweh speaks of himself by name. Alternate translation: “he has urged people to rebel against me” 30:intro pf1y 0 # Jeremiah 30 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:5–24.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God promises restoration\n\nDespite the prophesied punishment in this chapter, Yahweh promises to restore Judah. In addition to this, he also declares that he will ultimately restore Israel. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\nThe author uses the term “Israel” in two different ways. He uses it in reference to the nation of Israel. He also uses it in reference to the people who used to inhabit the northern kingdom of Israel, namely the people group of Israel. 30:1 f64q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” 30:3 iwm1 For look 0 “For listen carefully.” This phrase brings attention to what Yahweh is going to say next. 30:3 s2us rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor days are coming … when I will restore the fortunes 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will restore the fortunes” or “there will be a time … when I will restore the fortunes” 30:3 db1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 30:3 xt2s I will restore the fortunes of my people, Israel and Judah 0 “I will cause things to go well for my people, Israel and Judah, again” or “I will cause my people, Israel and Judah, to live well again.” See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md). 30:4 m5dx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 30:5 l2xq We have heard 0 This could mean: (1) that these are the words of Yahweh referring to himself as “we.” Alternate translation: “I have heard” or (2) that these are the words of the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “You people of Jerusalem say, ‘We have heard” 30:5 mej1 a trembling voice of dread and not of peace 0 This could mean: (1) “people cry out in dread because there is no peace” or (2) “you cry out in dread because there is no peace.” 30:6 br85 Ask and see if a man bears a child 0 Alternate translation: “You know that no man has ever given birth to a child” 30:6 t7ik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Why do I see every young man with his hand on his loins like a woman bearing a child? Why have all their faces become pale? 0 A woman about to give birth is in great pain and unable to do anything. The young men are so frightened that their bodies hurt, and they are unable to fight. Alternate translation: “The young men are holding their bellies like a woman giving birth; they all look sick because they are so afraid.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 30:7 uva8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for Jacob, but he will be rescued from it 0 The name Jacob is a metonym for the man’s descendants. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the descendants of Jacob, but I will rescue them from it” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 30:8 h8gt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will break the yoke off your neck, and I will shatter your chains 0 Being a slave is spoken of as wearing a yoke like an animal and wearing chains like a prisoner. 30:9 zlx4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person they will worship Yahweh their God … their king … over them 0 Yahweh continues speaking about the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “you will worship Yahweh your God … your king … over you” 30:9 qp76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy David their king 0 This is a metonym for one of David’s descendants. Alternate translation: “a man descended from their King David” 30:10 ff1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my servant Jacob … Israel 0 “Jacob” and “Israel” are the two names of the ancestor of the Israelites, and these names are metonyms for the Israelites. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob … you Israelite people” 30:10 ldb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 30:10 gri4 do not be dismayed 0 Alternate translation: “do not be discouraged” 30:10 anv7 For see, I am 0 Alternate translation: “Listen carefully while I tell you why: I am” 30:10 t49p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns from the land of captivity 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **captivity**, you can express the same idea with the noun “captive.” Alternate translation: “from the place where they were captives” 30:10 zir5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Jacob will return … he will be secure 0 Jacob’s name is a metonym for his descendants. Yahweh speaks to Jacob as if he were speaking to another person. You may need to make explicit to where Jacob will return. Alternate translation: “Jacob will return to his own land … he will be secure” or “The descendants of Jacob will return … they will be secure” or “You descendants of Jacob will return … you will be secure” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 30:10 f2gl secure 0 Alternate translation: “safe” 30:11 e618 where I have scattered you 0 Alternate translation: “where I have sent you” 30:11 zng1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism But I will certainly not put an end to you 0 “But I will not completely destroy you” 30:11 r6x7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives will certainly not leave you unpunished 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “will certainly punish you” 30:12 fs7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Your injury is incurable; your wound is infected 0 This means that Yahweh has punished them so severely that there is no one who can help them. 30:13 k22x There is no one to plead your case 0 Alternate translation: “There is no one who asks me to show you mercy” 30:13 bxy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor no one to plead your case … no remedy for your wound 0 Yahweh has punished them so severely that there is no one who can help them. 30:14 v4ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor All of your lovers 0 Yahweh describes the people of Israel as an unfaithful wife who takes lovers other than her husband. Here “lovers” refers to other nations. The Israelites allied with them and worshiped their gods instead of relying on Yahweh. 30:14 a26m They will not look for you 0 Alternate translation: “They no longer want to be your friends” 30:14 rir2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have wounded you with the wound of an enemy 0 Yahweh has treated his people like he would treat his enemy. 30:14 b768 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the discipline of a cruel master 0 Yahweh has treated his people like a cruel master would treat a rebellious slave. 30:14 m2nq your innumerable sins 0 Alternate translation: “your sins, which are too many to count” 30:15 q12y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why do you call for help for your injury? 0 Yahweh asks a question here to make the people think about why they are asking him for help now. Alternate translation: “You are calling for help for your injury because you have disobeyed me.” or “Do not call for help for your injury.” 30:16 d7ma rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor So everyone who consumes you will be consumed 0 Destroying the nation is spoken of as consuming or eating it. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So those who destroy you, their enemies will destroy them” or “So I will destroy everyone who destroys you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 30:16 a2ze have plundered … plunder 0 To plunder is to steal from peaceful people using violence, and plunder is what people steal. 30:16 i8dj despoiling … spoil 0 To despoil here is to take items from an enemy one has defeated, and the items one takes are the spoil. 30:17 xdt5 healing … wounds 0 See how you translated these words in [Jeremiah 30:12](../30/12.md). 30:17 wi66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 30:17 bdr3 they called you: Outcast 0 An outcast is a person whom other people do not accept or allow to associate with them. Alternate translation: “they called you: Rejected” or “they said, ‘Nobody wants you’” 30:17 sg4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy No one cares for this Zion 0 The place name “Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in Zion. Alternate translation: “No one cares about the people of Zion” 30:18 bcm3 See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” 30:18 q3jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I am about to bring back the fortunes of Jacob’s tents and have compassion on his homes 0 The places where people live are metonyms for the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “I am about bring back the fortunes of the descendants of Jacob, and I will have compassion on them” 30:18 c7w1 I am about to bring back the fortunes of Jacob’s tents 0 “I will cause things to go well for the people in Jacob’s tents again” or “I will cause the people in Jacob’s tents to live well again.” See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md). 30:18 di2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Then a city will be built on the heap of ruins 0 This can be translated in active form. You may need to make explicit that the city they will build will be Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Then they will rebuild Jerusalem on its ruins” 30:19 rrl4 Then a song of praise and a sound of merriment will go out from them 0 Alternate translation: “Then they will sing songs of praise and joy” 30:19 hbg1 for I will increase them and not diminish them 0 Alternate translation: “I will cause them to increase in number, not to become fewer” 30:19 z7qu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive so they will not be humbled 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one will humble them” 30:20 tnn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive their assembly will be established before me 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will establish them as a people before me” 30:21 nyu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translates this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 30:23 u8p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor See, the tempest of Yahweh, his fury, has gone out 0 This speaks of God’s anger and punishment as if it were a storm. This emphasizes his power and ability to destroy wicked people. 30:24 wc7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns his heart’s intentions 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **intentions**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “intends.” The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “what he intends to do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 31:intro r3ad 0 # Jeremiah 31 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 31:1–6, 8–22, 35–37.\n\nThe ULT sets 31:29 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is an important quotation.\n\nThis chapter begins with a transition from the previous chapter. “At that time” is a reference to the day of restoration mentioned in [Jeremiah 30:24](../../jer/30/24.md). (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The new covenant\n\nThis chapter is an important teaching regarding the new covenant. God will make a new covenant that will bring forgiveness of sins and a desire to obey God. Scholars disagree about whether this new covenant has begun. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Israel\n\nIn this chapter, Jeremiah uses the term “Israel” in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole. He also uses it in reference to the northern kingdom of Israel and their people group. 31:1 p3h6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 31:2 ht7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The people who have survived the sword have found favor in the wilderness 0 The phrase “found favor” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “While the people who have survived the sword have been in the wilderness, I have had grace on them” 31:2 ml2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who have survived the sword 0 The word “sword” is a metonym for war. Alternate translation: “who have survived the war” 31:2 kc9p wilderness; I will go out to give rest to Israel 0 Another possible meaning is “wilderness, where Israel went out to find rest.” 31:3 egs4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Yahweh appeared to me 0 Jeremiah speaks of himself as if he were the people of Israel. 31:3 rmr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I have drawn you toward myself with covenant faithfulness 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “I have been faithful to my covenant and brought you near to me” or “I have faithfully loved you and brought you near to me” 31:4 bv1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive I will build you up again so you will be built 0 Yahweh purposefully repeats the idea that he will build Israel to emphasize it. If your language can only use active verbs and has some other way to emphasize the idea, you may want to use it here. Alternate translation: “I will build you up again. Remember this: I will build you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 31:4 bt11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification virgin Israel 0 It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. However, “virgin” makes a person think about a young woman who has never married and so has never had the opportunity to be faithless to her husband. Therefore, calling Israel a virgin is an ironic use of language. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:13](../18/13.md). Alternate translation: “Israel, who falsely pretends to be fully devoted to me” or “my faithless people Israel” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) 31:4 v1aw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown tambourines 0 musical instruments with heads like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken 31:7 n6rl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe Shout … Shout … Let praise be heard … Say 0 Yahweh is speaking in an apostrophe to all people of the world, so these verbs are plural. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) 31:7 g2zs the chief people of the nations 0 Alternate translation: “the most important people group of all the nations” or “the people group that is more important than any other” 31:7 hu9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Let praise be heard 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Cause everyone to hear your praise” 31:8 y2x1 See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” 31:8 jg4x to bring them 0 Alternate translation: “to bring the Israelite people” 31:9 ai7p I will lead them as they make their pleas 0 Yahweh will lead them and they will be praying to Yahweh. Some ancient versions read, “Yahweh will lead them and will comfort them.” 31:9 v75t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will be a father to Israel, and Ephraim will be my firstborn 0 Here “Ephraim” is another name for “Israel.” Alternate translation: “I will be like a father to the people of Israel, and they will be like my firstborn child” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 31:9 gg9d my firstborn 0 The firstborn had special honor and responsibility. 31:10 n8v4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns Hear … Report 0 Yahweh is speaking to the nations, so these verbs are plural. 31:10 dc3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns The one who scattered Israel is gathering her up and keeping her 0 Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were someone else, and he speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a helpless woman. Alternate translation: “I caused my people Israel to be scattered among the nations, but now I am bringing them home and keeping them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 31:10 pyt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile as a shepherd keeps his sheep 0 A shepherd cares for and protects his sheep, and Yahweh is promising to care for and protect the Israelites. 31:11 t3xt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism For Yahweh has ransomed Jacob and has redeemed him from the hand that was too strong for him 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that it is Yahweh who has rescued the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh has rescued the people of Israel from their enemy who was too strong for them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 31:12 x6vs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor on the heights of Zion 0 “on Zion, the high place” or “on Mount Zion.” Being on top of a hill is a metaphor for being happy. If your language associates mountain tops with sadness, it would be best to leave out the metaphor. 31:12 s2y2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like a watered garden 0 This means they will be strong and healthy, and they will prosper. 31:12 d4iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole they will never again feel any more sorrow 0 The world “never” is a generalization. The Israelites will almost always feel joy. 31:13 f4jc I will change their mourning into celebration 0 The abstract nouns “mourning” and “celebration” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to mourn no longer but instead to celebrate” or “I will make it so they are no longer sad but happy” 31:13 z18g I will change 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh will change” 31:14 v9rm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I will saturate the lives of the priests in abundance 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **abundance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “many good things.” The lives of the priests are spoken of as if they were a field that would become completely wet when much rain falls on it. Life is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “I will give the priests all the good things they would like” or “I will satisfy the priests with good things” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 31:14 yp3m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 31:15 gfw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive A voice is heard in Ramah 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I hear a voice in Ramah” 31:15 qr6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy It is Rachel weeping for her children 0 Rachel was the wife of Jacob/Israel and was the mother of the tribes of Joseph and Benjamin. Her name is a metonym for the women of Israel who are crying because the Babylonians have killed their children or taken them away. 31:15 iel2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive She refuses to be comforted over them, for they live no longer 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “She will not let anyone comfort her, for her children are dead” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 31:16 sw6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Hold your voice back from weeping and your eyes from tears 0 The voice and eyes are spoken of as if they were people whom Rachel needed to keep from moving. Alternate translation: “Stop weeping aloud and stop crying tears” 31:16 m4pv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Hold your voice … your eyes … your work … your children 0 Yahweh is speaking to the Israelites as if he were speaking to Rachel ([Jeremiah 31:15](../31/15.md)), so all instances of “your” and the commands are singular. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) 31:16 n1bx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 In both instances of this phrase, Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 31:17 v8ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you your future … your descendants 0 Yahweh is speaking to the Israelites as if he were speaking to Rachel ([Jeremiah 31:15](../31/15.md)), so all instances of “your” and the commands are singular. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) 31:18 we7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I have certainly heard Ephraim sorrowing 0 Ephraim was the ancestor of the largest tribe in Israel. His name is a metonym for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “I have certainly heard the descendants of Ephraim sorrowing” or “I have certainly heard the people of Israel sorrowing” 31:18 mfd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism You punished me, and I have been punished 0 The speaker repeats the phrase to show either that Yahweh punished him severely or that Ephraim learned what Yahweh wanted to teach him through punishing him. The words “I have been punished” can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You punished me. Yes, you punished me severely” or “You punished me, and I learned from you when you punished me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 31:18 s9qf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile I have been punished like an untrained calf 0 When people train calves, they strike them and otherwise cause them to suffer. Yahweh had caused the people of Israel to suffer. 31:18 pay9 punished 0 Another possible meaning is “disciplined.” 31:19 ip4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I slapped my thigh 0 in grief. If people use a different phrase or action in your language to show that they are very sad, you may want to use it here. Alternate translation: “I rubbed my brow” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 31:19 p5xj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet I was ashamed and humiliated 0 The words “ashamed” and “humiliated” mean basically the same thing and intensify the idea of shame. Alternate translation: “I was completely ashamed” 31:20 lm82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is not Ephraim my precious child? Is he not my dear, delightful son? 0 Yahweh is speaking tenderly, trying to comfort the people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind these questions as statements. Alternate translation: “Ephraim is my precious child. He is my dear, delightful son. 31:20 y1a8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 31:21 t8m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns Place road signs for yourself … Set up guideposts for yourself … Set your mind … you should take … Come back 0 These commands and instances of “yourself” and “your” and “you” are addressed to “virgin Israel” and so are singular. 31:21 kbs3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Come back, virgin Israel! 0 God is referring to a changed Israel. 31:22 w4vz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How long will you waver, faithless daughter? 0 Yahweh is telling his people that he is becoming impatient with them because they are not obeying him. Alternate translation: “Do not hesitate to start obeying me.” 31:22 ix8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor waver 0 This could mean: (1) be unable to decide what to do or (2) often go off the correct path, a metaphor for disobeying Yahweh. 31:22 gt15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom new on earth—a woman surrounds a strong man 0 This could mean: (1) the people will be so safe that women will not need anyone to protect them or (2) this is an idiom for something no one would ever expect. Alternate translation: “new on earth—something as strange as a woman protecting a man” 31:23 i697 Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 31:23 glu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the people 0 Here this refers to the people of Judah. 31:23 v46w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe May Yahweh bless you, you righteous place where he lives, you holy mountain 0 Jerusalem is on the top of a hill, and the temple was built at the highest point in Jerusalem. AT; “May Yahweh bless those who live in Jerusalem with Yahweh, where his temple is” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 31:23 w9bz you holy mountain 0 Mount Zion, where the temple had stood 31:24 w96e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Judah and all its cities will live together there 0 The name of the man Judah is a metonym for the land on which his descendants, the people of the tribe of Judah, live, and the cities of Judah are spoken of as if they were the family of the man Judah, all of them living “there,” in the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “it will be as if the land were a house in which Judah lived with his family” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 31:24 r4wa as will farmers and those who set out with flocks 0 Alternate translation: “and farmers and those who set out with flocks will also live there” 31:24 ycz6 those who set out with flocks 0 people who take care of sheep and goats 31:26 fc1y had been refreshing 0 Alternate translation: “had refreshed me” 31:27 nmn8 Look 0 Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen” 31:27 hzy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor days are coming … when I will sow 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will sow” or “there will be a time … when I will sow” 31:27 u22q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 31:27 h4zz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will sow the houses of Israel and Judah with the descendants of man and beast 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the people of Israel and the people of Judah. The house in turn is spoken of as if it were a field in which Yahweh would sow seed, and the people and the animals they raise for food, milk, and skins are spoken of as if they are that seed. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Israel and Judah to become many people with many animals” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 31:28 k8da I kept them under surveillance in order to uproot them 0 Alternate translation: “looked for ways to uproot them” 31:28 i6nn uproot … tear them down … overthrow … destroy 0 See how you translated these ideas in [Jeremiah 1:9](../01/09.md). 31:28 ha61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in order to build them up and to plant them 0 Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a house or a food crop. Alternate translation: “in order to make them strong and many” 31:29 h14f rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs Fathers have eaten sour grapes, but the children’s teeth are dulled 0 These words are a proverb that Jeremiah heard people say when they were complaining that Yahweh was punishing children for the sins of their fathers. 31:29 cx2i sour grapes 0 This could mean: (1) grapes with too much acid in them or (2) grapes that are not ripe. If grapes are not part of your culture, you may want to use a general word for fruit. 31:29 ic1b teeth are dulled 0 Use the common words in your language for how people’s mouths feel when they eat sour or unripe fruit. 31:30 uyf9 For each man will die in his own iniquity 0 Alternate translation: “For each man will die because of his own sins” 31:30 pl7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs everyone who eats sour grapes, his teeth will be dulled 0 Jeremiah restates the proverb so that it now means people will suffer as a consequence of their own behaviors. 31:31 tl76 Look 0 Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am going to tell you” 31:31 kz1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor days are coming … when I will establish 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will establish” or “there will be a time … when I will establish” 31:31 wtb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 31:31 d1xu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” 31:31 q554 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Judah 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” 31:32 nqk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I took them by their hand 0 as a loving husband would hold the hand of his wife as they walk 31:33 j6dq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” 31:33 bkt8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 31:33 bf4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism I will place my law within them and will write it on their heart 0 These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh’s law will become a part of them, rather than merely written on stone. Here “heart” represents “emotions” or “mind.” Alternate translation: “My law will be part of their thoughts and emotions” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 31:34 qvg2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism from the smallest of them to the greatest 0 This phrase refers to every person, from the least important to the most important. Alternate translation: “every single one of them” 31:36 l19t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo Only if these permanent things vanish … will Israel’s descendants ever stop from forever being a nation 0 This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh never expects to truly happen. Alternate translation: “These permanent things will never vanish … and Israel’s descendants will never stop from forever being a nation” 31:36 rfl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 31:37 z5ud rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo Only if the highest heavens can be measured, and only if the earth’s foundation below can be discovered, will I reject all of Israel’s descendants 0 This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh never expects to truly happen. Alternate translation: “The highest heavens can never be measured, and the earth’s foundation below can never be discovered, and I will never reject all of Israel’s descendants” 31:37 yx41 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism the highest heavens … earth’s foundation 0 These phrases refer to the whole of creation. 31:37 ejs7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the earth’s foundation below can be discovered 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone can dig all the way down to the earth’s foundation” 31:37 p28t foundation below 0 “deepest part.” The “foundation” is the part of a house on which every other part rests. 31:37 l43y reject 0 throw away or refuse to take 31:37 j9cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 31:38 s6ck rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor days are coming … when the city will be rebuilt 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … the city will be rebuilt” or “there will be a time … when the city will be rebuilt” 31:38 nfv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 31:38 g1l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the city will be rebuilt for me 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will rebuild the city for me” or “I will have them rebuild the city” 31:38 nd1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tower of Hananel … Corner Gate 0 These are the names of places. 31:39 pz74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names hill of Gareb … Goah 0 These are the names of places. 31:40 bf2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The whole valley … will be set apart for Yahweh 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “They will set apart the whole valley … for me” or “I will have them make the whole valley … holy for me” 31:40 z7hx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kidron Valley … Horse Gate 0 These are the names of places. 31:40 j8yq set apart 0 Alternate translation: “made holy” 31:40 gu9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The city will not be pulled up or overthrown again 0 The city is spoken of as if it were a plant that someone could pull out of the ground or a building that someone could break down. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not allow anyone to pull up or overthrow the city again” or “No one will tear the city down or destroy it again” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 32:intro vcw6 0 # Jeremiah 32 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\nThe king should have listened to the prophet Jeremiah and repented of his sin. Instead, he objected to his message. Yahweh punished him because of this. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Israel\n\nThe term “Israel” is used exclusively in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole in this chapter. 32:1 xs6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom This is the word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh 0 This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:2](../01/02.md) Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” 32:1 mul1 in the tenth year of Zedekiah king of Judah, the eighteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar 0 Alternate translation: “after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for more than nine years and Nebuchadnezzar had been king for more than seventeen years” 32:2 nkx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Jeremiah the prophet was imprisoned 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they were keeping Jeremiah as a prisoner” 32:2 fp96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Jeremiah the prophet was imprisoned 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. 32:2 ke5d the courtyard of the guard at the house of the king of Judah 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. 32:3 ih69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Zedekiah king of Judah had imprisoned him 0 It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Zedekiah do this. 32:3 p2a2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person had imprisoned him 0 Here “him” refers to Jeremiah. It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. 32:3 x9qt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why do you prophesy and say 0 Zekekiah uses a question to rebuke Jeremiah. Alternate translation: “It is wrong for you to continue prophesying and saying” 32:3 sd28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am about to give over this city into the hand of the king of Babylon 0 Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a small object that one person could give to another. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “I am about to put this city under the control of the king of Babylon” or “I am about to allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with this city” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 32:3 r41w he will capture it 0 It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people would help the king of Babylon take control of the city. 32:4 ymp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he will certainly be given into the hand of the king of Babylon 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will certainly put him under the control of the king of Babylon” or “I will certainly allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with him” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 32:4 jf8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche His mouth will speak to the king’s mouth, and his eyes will see the king’s eyes 0 Here “mouth” and “eyes” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “Zedekiah himself will see and directly speak with Nebuchadnezzar” 32:5 h4hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 32:5 q8rv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you fight 0 Here “you” is plural and refers to the people in Jerusalem. 32:6 bkt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Jeremiah said 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. 32:6 js77 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said, ‘Look” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me: ‘Look” 32:7 d1sv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ‘Look, Hanamel son of Shallum your uncle is coming to you and will say, “Buy my field that is in Anathoth for yourself, for the right to buy it belongs to you.”’” 0 The long quotation that begins with the words “The word of Yahweh” in verse 6 ends here. You may translate this as indirect speech. Alternate translation: “Jeremiah said that the word of Yahweh had come to him and told him that Hanamel son of Shallum his uncle was coming to him and would tell him to buy his uncle’s field that was in Anathoth for himself, for the right to buy it belonged to Jeremiah.” 32:7 z5u4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hanamel … Shallum 0 These are the names of men. 32:7 ane1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Anathoth 0 This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). 32:8 t71a the courtyard of the guard 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md). 32:9 f1zz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney seventeen shekels 0 A shekel is 11 grams. Alternate translation: “17 shekels” or “187 grams” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 32:10 yj4l in a scroll and sealed it, and had witnesses witness it 0 This refers to the deed that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm that Jeremiah had purchased this land. 32:10 mbq3 had witnesses witness it 0 Alternate translation: “had people watch me purchase the land so they could tell others that I had purchased the land” 32:11 npr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that was sealed 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I sealed” 32:11 sh86 unsealed deed 0 Alternate translation: “opened copy” or “the deed that did not have a seal on it” 32:12 ta8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Baruch … Neriah … Mahseiah 0 These are names of men. 32:12 f3bq the courtyard of the guard 0 The open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md). 32:13 i63i before them 0 Here “them” refers to Hanamel, the witnesses, and the Judeans. 32:14 la2y Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 32:15 g6gc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Houses, fields, and vineyards will again be bought in this land 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel will buy houses, vineyards and fields again in this land” 32:16 puz1 the receipt of purchase 0 This means the sealed scroll and the unsealed scroll. 32:17 xs6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Woe, Lord Yahweh! Look! 0 The word “woe” here indicates that in this prayer Jeremiah is sad, complaining or lamenting. The word “look” here indicates that the next words are an introduction or background for the most important part of the prayer. 32:17 r8xl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy by your great strength and with your raised arm 0 The phrase “raised arm” is a metonym for the strength of the arm, so the words “your great strength” and “your raised arm” form a doublet. Alternate translation: “by your great power” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 32:18 zsm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns You show covenant faithfulness to thousands 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “You are faithful to your covenant towards thousands” or “You keep your promise and faithfully love thousands” 32:18 cd54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy pour the guilt of men into the laps of their children after them 0 The word “guilt” is a metonym for Yahweh punishing people because they are guilty of doing evil things. Yahweh punishing people is spoken of as if he were pouring a large container full of liquid or small objects into people’s laps as they sit. Alternate translation: “you punish children for the sins of their parents” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 32:19 zh7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for your eyes are open to all the ways of people 0 Open eyes are a metonym for what the person sees. How a person lives is spoken of as if he were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “You see everything that people do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 32:19 jhc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns to give to each man what his conduct and deeds deserve 0 The abstract nouns “conduct” and “deeds,” which are similar in meaning, can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and will reward everyone according to how good or evil the things they do are” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 32:20 ff83 You did signs and wonders in the land of Egypt 0 This refers to an event in the past when God used his power to free the people of Israel from slavery in Egypt. 32:20 txa5 To this present day 0 Alternate translation: “To this day” 32:20 v54d among all mankind 0 Alternate translation: “among all people” 32:20 nuz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you have made your name famous 0 Here “name” refers to God’s reputation. Alternate translation: “you have made yourself famous” 32:21 yz8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with a strong hand, with a raised arm 0 The phrase “strong hand” is a metonym for strength, and the phrase “raised arm” is a metonym for the strength of the arm, so the phrases “strong hand” and “raised arm” form a doublet. Alternate translation: “by your great strength” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 32:22 zm76 gave them 0 Alternate translation: “gave the people of Israel” 32:22 m6c3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor land flowing with milk and honey 0 “land where milk and honey flow.” God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 11:5](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 32:23 j41s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy But they did not obey your voice 0 The voice is a metonym for the message the speaker gives. Alternate translation: “But they did not obey what you said” 32:24 r8nr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The siege mounds have reached up to the city to capture it 0 The large piles of dirt and rocks that the enemy built around the city so they could stand on them and attack it are spoken of as if they were the attackers themselves reaching out to capture the city. Alternate translation: “The enemy’s seige mounds are so close to the city that the enemy will be able to capture the city” 32:24 y1cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy because of sword 0 The word “sword” is a metonym for war, where soldiers use swords. Alternate translation: “because soldiers will attack” 32:24 b3n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns famine, and plague 0 These abstract nouns can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “people have no food to eat, and everyone is weak from being ill” 32:24 p2wr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the city has been given into the hand of the Chaldeans 0 Here “hand” means power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have given Jerusalem to the Chaldean army” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 32:24 l673 happening, and see, you are watching 0 Alternate translation: “happening, as you can see very well” 32:25 v7a7 have witnesses witness it 0 Alternate translation: “have people watch you purchase the land so they can tell others that you have purchased the land” 32:25 fl8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive this city is being given 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am giving this city” 32:26 m8wk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” 32:26 m9gx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person came to Jeremiah 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. 32:27 v6cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is anything too difficult for me to do? 0 Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he can do anything. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Nothing is too difficult for me to do.” 32:28 dcf6 See, I am about to give 0 Alternate translation: “Listen carefully! I am the one who will give” 32:28 fb9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy give this city into the hand of the Chaldeans 0 Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a small object that he could put into a person’s hand. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand puts into action. Alternate translation: “put this city under the power of the Chaldeans” 32:29 s7dq in order to provoke me 0 Alternate translation: “so that I would become very angry” 32:30 r5j3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy doing evil before my eyes 0 Here the metonym “eyes” represents what God sees. This could mean: (1) “doing what I consider evil” or (2) “doing evil knowing that I am watching” 32:30 e1kb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor since their youth 0 A person being young is a metaphor for the people of Israel first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: “from the time they were young” or “from the time that they became a nation” 32:30 qwp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 32:31 fxx2 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah. 32:31 u2mt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy this city has been a provocation of my wrath and fury since the day that they built it 0 Here “city” is a metonym for the people that live there. The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem have made me very angry since the day they built their city” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 32:31 bcj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns has been a provocation of 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **provocation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “has been something that has provoked” 32:31 v1l3 It has been that right up to this present day 0 Alternate translation: “They continue to make me angry even now” 32:31 hn3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification from before my face 0 The face is a metonym for the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “from my presence” or “completely” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 32:33 tx7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction They turned their backs to me instead of their faces 0 One turns one’s face to someone to show that one is listening, and one’s back to show that one refuses to listen. Alternate translation: “Instead of listening carefully to me, they refused to listen at all” or “They refused to listen” 32:33 lg6f to receive correction 0 Alternate translation: “to learn how to act correctly” 32:34 k9ry their abominable idols 0 Alternate translation: “their idols which I hate” 32:34 jn46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the house that is called by my name 0 Here “name” represents Yahweh. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the house that belongs to me” or “the building in which they worship me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 32:35 cau1 Valley of Ben Hinnom 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). 32:35 x89j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy It never entered my mind 0 Here “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “I never thought at all” 32:36 y1ua rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you which you are saying 0 Here “you” is plural. This could mean: (1) this refers to Jeremiah and those with him, or (2) it refers to all the people. 32:36 ag2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy It is given into the hand of the king of Babylon 0 Here “hand” means power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given it to the king of Babylon” or “Yahweh has given the king of Babylon the power to rule it” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 32:37 j7yh to gather them 0 Alternate translation: “to gather my people” 32:37 d9i7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet wrath, fury, and great anger 0 All three words mean the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. Alternate translation: “extreme anger” 32:37 h1sp in security 0 Alternate translation: “where they are safe” 32:39 q5cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy one heart and one way to honor me 0 The people of Israel will want to work together to honor Yahweh. 32:40 f7yh an everlasting covenant 0 Alternate translation: “eternal agreement” 32:40 xt5h will not turn away from doing good 0 Alternate translation: “stop doing good” 32:40 w44d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will set honor for me in their hearts 0 Honor is spoken of as if it were a solid object put in a container from which no one can remove it. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to always honor me” 32:40 r8jy so that they will never turn away from me 0 Alternate translation: “so that they will never stop obeying and worshiping me” 32:41 diu3 doing good to them 0 Here “them” refers to the people of Israel. 32:41 rwm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will faithfully plant them in this land 0 Yahweh speaks of having his people live in the land forever as if he were planting plants in a garden. Alternate translation: “I will permanently settle the Israelites in this land” 32:41 j5ie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet with all my heart and all my life 0 Together, these two phrases form an idiomatic expression that refers to a person’s entire being. Alternate translation: “with all that I am” or “wholeheartedly” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 32:42 sj3m I have brought all this great disaster on this people, so I will bring on them all the good things 0 Alternate translation: “I have caused all these bad things to happen to this people, and now I will cause the good things to happen to them” 32:43 qct6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Then fields will be bought in this land 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then people will buy fields in this land” 32:43 s9q4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you are saying 0 Here “you” refers to the people of Israel. 32:43 mhj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy It has been given into the hand of the Chaldeans 0 Here “hand” is a metonym for power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given it to the Chaldeans” or “Yahweh has given the Chaldeans power over it” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 32:44 ytf6 write in sealed scrolls. They will assemble witnesses 0 The “sealed scrolls” are the deeds that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm the purchase. 32:44 tg5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 33:intro vtz5 0 # Jeremiah 33 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### Covenant faithfulness\n\nDespite the great punishment Judah is facing and Israel has undergone, there is hope. This hope is based in the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh. Ultimately, he will restore his people. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) 33:1 zhp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 # General Information:\n\n(See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 33:1 rj9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah a second time, while he was … guard, saying, 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah a second time, while Jeremiah was … guard. He said,” or “While Jeremiah was … guard, Yahweh spoke this second message to Jeremiah:” 33:1 wa3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person came to Jeremiah 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. 33:1 k2z4 he was still shut within 0 Alternate translation: “he was still a prisoner in” 33:1 fe41 the courtyard of the guard 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md). 33:2 hz5q who forms in order to establish 0 who creates things so he can make them exist forever 33:4 g9p1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that are torn down because of the siege ramps and the sword 0 This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) the people tore the houses down to make walls to defend against the Chaldeans. Alternate translation: “that the people have torn down to defend against the siege ramps and the sword” or (2) Alternate translation: “the houses that the Chaldeans have torn down to make siege ramps so they can make war” 33:4 u2ec rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the sword 0 This is a metonym for people dying violently when soldiers kill with swords. 33:5 lp8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet in my wrath and fury 0 The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: “in my extreme wrath” 33:5 czm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I hide my face 0 Yahweh is represented by his “face.” This phrase shows Yahweh’s displeasure with the city. Alternate translation: “I have turned away from you” or “I am no longer concerned with you” 33:7 z3sl I will bring back the fortunes of Judah and Israel 0 “I will cause things to go well for Judah and Israel again” or “I will cause Judah and Israel to live well again.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md). 33:9 l5i7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy this city … do for it … give to it 0 The city is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “the people who live in this city … do for the people who live there … give to the people who live there” 33:9 t8ug rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a song of praise and honor for all the nations of the earth 0 The word “song” is a metonym for the object about which people will sing the song. Alternate translation: “something about which all the people groups of the earth will sing songs of praise and honor to me, Yahweh” 33:9 l75s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys they will fear and tremble 0 The hendiadys “fear and tremble” can be translated by a single verb. Alternate translation: “they will tremble with fear” 33:9 i3fz fear 0 Another possible meaning is “awe.” 33:9 vmq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns because of all the good things and the peace that I will give to it 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **peace**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because of all the good things that I will give to it and because I will cause it to be peaceful” 33:10 k7wb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism It is desolate, a place with neither man nor beast,” in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem that are desolate having neither man nor beast 0 These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that Judah has become desolate. 33:11 gf2i the house of Yahweh 0 the temple in Jerusalem 33:11 pi42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will restore the fortunes of the land 0 The word “land” is a metonym for the people who live on the land. Alternate translation: “I will again cause things to go well for the people who live on the land” or “I will cause the people who live on the land to live well again” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md). 33:11 cg2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to what they were before 0 This refers to the time before the exile to Babylon. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “to what they were before I sent the Israelites into exile in Babylon” 33:12 aqm5 Yahweh of hosts says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 33:13 w446 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the flocks will again pass under the hands of the ones counting them 0 This refers to the practice of a shepherd counting and inspecting his sheep as the sheep walked under his hand. Alternate translation: “shepherds will again count their sheep as the sheep walk by” 33:14 z61y Look 0 Alternate translation: “Listen carefully” 33:14 rc5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Days are coming … when I will do 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “Days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “In the future … I will do” or “There will be a time … when I will do” 33:14 jj5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 33:14 ed3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” 33:14 r2n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Judah 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” 33:14 fsd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Judah 0 This is a metonym for the people who live in Judah. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” 33:15 y4wd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet In those days and in that time 0 The phrase “in that time” means the same thing as, and intensifies the phrase “In those days.” Alternate translation: “In those very days” or “At that very time” 33:15 hd8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will make a righteous branch to grow for David 0 Yahweh speaks of a descendant of David as if he were a branch off of a tree trunk. Alternate translation: “I will cause a righteous man to come from and bring glory to the line of David” 33:15 c2sm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the land 0 the nation of Israel 33:16 yng7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Judah … Jerusalem 0 These towns’ names are metonyms for the people who live in the towns. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah … the people of Jerusalem” 33:16 sr7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Judah will be saved 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will save Judah” 33:16 q5ei Jerusalem will live in security 0 Alternate translation: “the people of Judah will be safe from their enemies” 33:16 x44h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor this is what she will be called 0 Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as if the town were a woman. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “this is what they will call her” or “this is what I will call the town” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 33:17 lnb8 A man from David’s line will never be lacking 0 Alternate translation: “There will always be a man from David’s line” 33:17 d7da A man from David’s line 0 a male descendant of King David 33:17 pqu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to sit on the throne of the house of Israel 0 The throne is a metonym for the king. Alternate translation: “to be king over the house of Israel” 33:17 eml3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” 33:18 g9nx nor will a man from the Levitical priests be lacking before me to raise burnt offerings 0 Alternate translation: “and there will always be a man from the Levitical priests to raise burnt offerings” 33:18 i89e raise burnt offerings 0 Alternate translation: “offer burnt offerings” 33:19 w4dw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” 33:19 j1gw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person to Jeremiah 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. 33:20 s39s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Yahweh says 0 Yahweh is speaking of himself here. Alternate translation: “I say” 33:20 f1mt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo If you can break … proper times 0 These words begin a hypothetical statement that describe a situation that will never occur. 33:21 u6sr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo then you will be able to break my covenant with David my servant 0 The hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If you can break my covenant … times,” in verse 20 ends here. No one can change day and night, and no one can change God’s covenant with David. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot break my covenant … times, so you know that you will never be able to break my covenant with David my servant” 33:21 x13t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to sit on his throne 0 The throne is a metonym for the king who sits on the throne. Alternate translation: “to rule the kingdom I have given to him” 33:22 xip8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile As the hosts of heaven cannot be counted, and as the sand of the seashores cannot be measured, so I will increase the descendants of David my servant and the Levites who serve before me 0 No one can count the stars in the sky or the sand on the seashore, and no one will be able to count the descendants of David and Levi who serve Yahweh. 33:23 ufu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” 33:23 liq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person to Jeremiah 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. 33:24 wv8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you not considered what this people has declared when they said, ‘The … them’? 0 Yahweh wants Jeremiah to think deeply about what the people have said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have noticed what this people are really saying when they said, ‘The … them.’” 33:24 k7ki In this way they despise my people, saying … sight 0 Alternate translation: “What they are really saying is that my people are worthless and that my people will never again be a nation.” 33:24 yua9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my people … are no longer a nation in their sight 0 Sight is a metonym for thinking. Alternate translation: “they no longer think of my people as a nation” 33:25 j74f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo If I have not established … and if I have not fixed 0 This is the beginning of a hypothetical statement that describes a situation that Yahweh never expects to be true. 33:26 x6zy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo 0 The hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If I have not established the covenant” in verse 25 ends here. 33:26 w9mt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo then I will reject … and not bring 0 The hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If I have not established the covenant” in verse 25 ends here. This is a situation that Yahweh never expects to be true. Alternate translation: “I have established the covenant … so I will never reject … and I will bring” 33:26 z156 I will restore their fortunes 0 “I will cause things to go well for them again” or “I will cause them to live well again” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md). 33:26 e4m9 show mercy to 0 Translate as “have compassion on” is translated in ([Jeremiah 30:18](../30/18.md)). 34:intro vkt9 0 # Jeremiah 34 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Law of Moses\n\nAccording to the law of Moses, the people were required to free their indebted slaves after a period of time. The king led them in freeing their fellow Israelites whom they held as slaves, but later they changed their minds and enslaved them again. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Actions with cultural meaning\n\nWhen the people of Israel made a sacred promise to God, they cut a calf in two and passed between its parts. It was a very serious sin not to do what one had promised. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 34:1 z8xz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, when Nebuchadnezzar … her cities, saying: 0 This idiom “The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah when Nebuchadnezzar … her cities. He said,” or “When Nebuchadnezzar … her cities, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” 34:1 d4fn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person to Jeremiah 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name in this chapter. There is no need to translate using first person. 34:1 p1vd waging war 0 Alternate translation: “fighting” 34:1 qc7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all of her cities 0 This refers to all the towns around Jerusalem. 34:2 g3l2 to give this city 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:28](../32/28.md) 34:2 b3et rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy into the hand of the king of Babylon 0 Here the word “hand” is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “under the control of the king of Babylon” 34:3 x3cf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You will not escape from his hand 0 Here the word “hand” is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “You will not escape from his control” 34:3 w4mj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you will certainly be seized and given 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonians will certainly seize you and give you” 34:4 uht1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You will not die by the sword. 0 The word “sword” is a metonym for dying in war. Alternate translation: “You will not die in battle” 34:5 xn8v the funeral burning of your ancestors 0 The people would burn spices in honor of people who had recently died. They did not burn the dead people’s bodies. 34:5 x2la rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 34:7 lw71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Lachish and Azekah 0 These are names of cities. 34:7 r9p7 These cities of Judah remained as fortified cities 0 Alternate translation: “the only fortified cities of Judah that the Babylonians had not yet captured” 34:8 r2u9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. However, the actual message does not begin until [Jeremiah 34:12](./12.md). See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke a message to Jeremiah” 34:8 pb27 word 0 message 34:8 us2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background after King Zedekiah had made a covenant … freedom to them 0 These words begin to provide background information to events that will be described later. 34:9 ka4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background that each man … his brother 0 The background information that begins with the words “after King Zedekiah had made a covenant” in verse 8 ends here. 34:10 l3j5 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJeremiah continues giving the background information that began in [Jeremiah 34:8](../34/08.md). 34:12 jbq2 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJeremiah resumes the story from [Jeremiah 34:8](../34/08.md) after the background information of [Jeremiah 34:8–11](../34/08.md). 34:12 pf6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Yahweh” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah: ‘Yahweh” 34:13 b8wy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom house of slavery 0 This is an idiom. “place where you were slaves” 34:14 x834 each man must send away his brother, his fellow Hebrew who had sold himself to you and served you 0 Alternate translation: “each of you must free any fellow Hebrews who sold themselves to you and have been your slaves” 34:14 jnm6 Send him away in freedom 0 Alternate translation: “You must let them be free from serving you” 34:14 gs8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy did not … incline their ears to me 0 To incline the ear, to lean the head toward the speaker so as to hear better, is a metonym for paying attention to what the speaker is saying. Alternate translation: “did not … pay attention to what I said” 34:15 ryr7 Now you yourselves repented 0 Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. 34:15 re32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy right in my eyes 0 “Eyes” here is a metonym for someone’s opinion or idea. Alternate translation: “what I consider to be right” 34:15 x4yg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the house that is called by my name 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the house that belongs to me” or “the building in which they worship me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 34:16 r5d6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy turned and polluted my name 0 A person’s name is a metonym for what people think of him. Alternate translation: “stopped doing what was right and did evil things that have made people think that I am evil” 34:17 n7sg So look! 0 Alternate translation: “Listen!” or “Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you!” 34:17 b72s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony I am about to proclaim freedom to you … freedom for the sword, the plague, and famine 0 Jeremiah uses irony to say that the “freedom” the people will enjoy will actually be suffering. Alternate translation: “I will proclaim misery to you … misery from the sword, the plague, and famine” 34:17 h19u proclaim freedom to you 0 Alternate translation: “proclaim that you are free” 34:17 n2mw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 34:17 vx6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy sword 0 This is a metonym for soldiers who carry swords. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers to kill you” 34:17 eyz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor am going to make you a horrible thing in the sight of every kingdom on earth 0 Here “sight” represents judgment or evaluation. The word “kingdom” is a metonym for the people who live in the kingdom. Alternate translation: “I am going to make the people in every kingdom on earth think that you are horrible” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 34:18 r9sg rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background when they cut a bull … walked between its parts 0 These words begin to describe how the people established the covenant. 34:18 cec2 established before me 0 Alternate translation: “agreed to with me” or “established while I was watching” 34:19 lhx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background and then the leaders … walked between the parts of the bull 0 The description of how the people established the covenant that began with the words “when they cut” in verse 18 ends here. 34:20 xu7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will give them into the hand of their enemies 0 The word “hand” here is a metonym for the power or control that the enemies will exercise using their hands. AT; “I will allow their enemies to have complete control over them” 34:20 gan7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism seeking their lives 0 This is a polite way to say that they wanted to kill them. Alternate translation: “seeking to kill them” 34:20 sjp1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy into the hand of their enemies 0 Here the word “hands” represents control. Alternate translation: “to be conquered by their enemies” or “over to the control of their enemies” 34:21 wl9t risen up 0 Alternate translation: “come to fight” 34:22 ug2t bring them 0 bring the Babylonian armies 35:intro jt1x 0 # Jeremiah 35 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The Rechabites\n\nThe actions of the Rechabites contrasted with the actions of the Jews. The Rechabites obeyed the commands their ancestor had give while living in Canaan, but Judah did not obey Yahweh’s commands. Because the Rechabites were obedient, Yahweh preserved their clan. The Rechabites’ history is found in the book of Judges. 35:1 pt2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh in the days … of Judah, saying, 0 The idiom “The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah in the days … of Judah. He said,” or “In the days … of Judah, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” 35:1 x1f1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person to Jeremiah 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. 35:2 t4d9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Rekabites 0 This is a people group. 35:2 dr1g my house 0 the temple 35:3 c47f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jaazaniah … Habazziniah 0 These are the names of men. 35:4 kb1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hanan … Igdaliah … Maaseiah … Shallum 0 These are the names of men. 35:5 lxe8 Rekabites 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 35:2](../35/02.md). 35:6 plf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jonadab … Rekab 0 These are the names of men. 35:7 ah95 live many days in the land 0 “live many years in the land.” “Days” refers to the span of time. 35:8 ki9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the voice of Jonadab 0 The word “voice” is a metonym for the command that Jonadab spoke. Alternate translation: “the command of Jonadab” 35:8 zh8r all of our days 0 “as long as we live.” “Days” refers to the span of time. 35:12 icr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Yahweh” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah: ‘Yahweh” 35:12 lq6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person to Jeremiah 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. 35:13 ba4f Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 35:13 z2wy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you not receive correction and listen to my words? 0 Yahweh is telling Israel to listen carefully to his rebuke. Alternate translation: “You must certainly receive this correction and listen to my words.” 35:13 s8s7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 35:14 k1yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The words of Jonadab son of Rekab that he gave to his sons as a command, not to drink any wine, have been observed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The sons of Jonadab son of Rekab have observed their father’s command to not drink wine” 35:14 mr7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jonadab … Rekab 0 These are the names of men. 35:15 k88i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor let no one walk any longer after other gods 0 Walking after a god is a metaphor for obeying the laws of that god. 35:17 xqh5 Look 0 This word tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. 35:18 a9b9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Jeremiah said 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. 35:18 ijd5 Rekabites 0 This is the name of the people group. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 35:2](../35/02.md). 35:18 i21g Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 35:18 nqf5 Jonadab 0 a man’s name. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 35:5](../35/05.md). 35:19 ehq6 Jonadab … Rekab 0 These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [Jeremiah 35:5](../35/05.md). 36:intro f643 0 # Jeremiah 36 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Opposition to Jeremiah\n\nJeremiah wrote God’s prophesies on a scroll but the king burned it. It is possible that this action was intended to be understood as representing the definitiveness of these prophecies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) 36:1 w23y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 # General Information:\n\n(See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 36:1 a3lh It came about 0 “It happened.” This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. 36:1 v3ak rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal in the fourth year of Jehoiakim … king of Judah 0 Jehoiakim had been king of Judah for more than three years. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 25:1](../25/01.md). 36:1 tg7j that this word 0 The phrase “this word” refers to the message that follows. 36:1 dr12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person to Jeremiah 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. 36:1 knl3 he said 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh said” 36:2 wmr2 every nation 0 Alternate translation: “all of the nations” 36:2 ym8v I have told from 0 Alternate translation: “I have told you from” 36:2 k9kn from the days of Josiah until this very day 0 Alternate translation: “from the time Josiah was king until today” 36:3 iuw6 Perhaps the people 0 Alternate translation: “It is possible that the people” 36:3 vkj1 to bring on them 0 Alternate translation: “to cause to happen to them” 36:3 yk1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his wicked way 0 Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:11](../18/11.md). Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” 36:3 s9uw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy forgive their iniquity and their sin 0 The words “iniquity” and “sin” are metonyms for the persons who commit iniquity and sin. Alternate translation: “forgive them for their iniquity and their sin” 36:4 ff7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Jeremiah called … at Jeremiah’s dictation … to him 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. Alternate translation: “I called … at my dictation … to me … I gave … I said” 36:4 d5mh Baruch wrote in a scroll, at Jeremiah’s dictation, all the words of Yahweh spoken to him 0 Alternate translation: “while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote in a scroll all of Yahweh’s words that Yahweh had spoken to Jeremiah” 36:5 l4t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Jeremiah gave … He said 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. Alternate translation: “I called … at my dictation … to me … I gave … I said” 36:6 j3tt read from the scroll 0 Alternate translation: “read out loud from the scroll” or “proclaim from the scroll” 36:6 e6rd must read 0 Alternate translation: “must read out loud” or “must proclaim” 36:6 y6ch in the hearing of the people in his house 0 “so that the people in Yahweh’s house can hear them.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md). 36:6 ywi1 in the hearing of all of Judah who have come from their cities 0 “so all the people of Judah who have come from their cities can hear them.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md). 36:7 jiw4 Perhaps their pleas 0 Alternate translation: “It is possible that their pleas” 36:7 a6dv their pleas for mercy will come before Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh will hear them plead for mercy and do as they ask” 36:7 xtz1 their pleas for mercy 0 The word “their” refers to the people in the house of Yahweh and the people of Judah who had come to the house of Yahweh from their cities. 36:7 kqx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor from his wicked way 0 Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:11](../18/11.md). Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” 36:7 p71z the wrath and fury 0 Alternate translation: “the anger and rage” 36:9 tvk8 It came about 0 See how you translated this phrase in [Jeremiah 36:1](../36/01.md). 36:9 fa5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths in the fifth year and ninth month of Jehoiakim … king of Judah 0 This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of November and the first part of December on Western calendars. “after Jehoiakim … had been king of Judah for more than four years, during the ninth month” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) 36:9 mf4x of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah 0 See how you translated this phrase in [Jeremiah 25:1](../25/01.md). 36:9 ywy2 proclaimed a fast 0 Alternate translation: “told everyone that they were going to fast” 36:10 v96d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Jeremiah’s words 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. 36:10 g1m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gemariah son of Shaphan 0 This is the name of a person. 36:10 t8dv the scribe 0 Alternate translation: “who was a scribe” 36:10 x7c1 by the gate of the entrance to the house of Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “in the entrance of the new gate of the house of Yahweh” 36:10 hp8u He did this 0 He read aloud Jeremiah’s words. 36:10 snx3 in the hearing of all the people 0 “where all the people could hear him.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md). 36:11 f91c Now 0 Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. 36:11 wey5 Micaiah son of Gemariah son of Shaphan 0 Alternate translation: “Micaiah who was the son of Gemariah, who was the son of Shaphan” 36:11 sn4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Micaiah 0 This is a man’s name. 36:11 v211 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gemariah son of Shaphan 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:10](../36/10.md). 36:12 kl3c Look 0 Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am going to say” 36:12 v5np rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Elishama … Delaiah 0 These are names of people. 36:12 z6c7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shemaiah 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 26:20](../26/20.md). 36:12 tbc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Elnathan son of Akbor 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 26:22](../26/22.md). 36:12 f6nh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zedekiah 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:3](../01/03.md). 36:12 b566 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hananiah 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 28:1](../28/01.md). 36:12 f2b4 all the officials 0 Alternate translation: “all of the other officials” 36:13 c2d3 Micaiah 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 36:11](../36/11.md). 36:13 q1an reported to them 0 The word “them” refers to officials in [Jeremiah 36:12](../36/12.md). 36:13 xx8s in the hearing of the people 0 “so that the people could hear” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md). 36:14 u57c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jehudi … Nethaniah … Shelemiah … Cushi 0 These are men’s names. 36:15 u4gb in our hearing 0 “so we can hear you read it” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md). 36:15 td5p read the scroll 0 Alternate translation: “read the scroll aloud” 36:16 p6rk It happened that 0 This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. 36:16 vym2 when they heard 0 The word “they” refers to the officials. 36:16 n53p all these words 0 the words that Baruch read aloud from the scroll 36:17 ipi7 how did you come to write 0 Alternate translation: “how did you write” 36:17 p4vi at Jeremiah’s dictation 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:4](../36/04.md). 36:18 s4kx dictated 0 Jeremiah spoke out loud so that Baruch could write down his words. 36:18 pqp3 wrote them in ink 0 Alternate translation: “used ink to write them” 36:18 is54 ink 0 a dark liquid that is used for writing 36:19 zge9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis Jeremiah, too 0 You may need to make this a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “Jeremiah should hide himself, too” 36:19 kih8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you where you are 0 The word “you” refers to Baruch and Jeremiah and so is plural. 36:20 ddc1 So they 0 Alternate translation: “Then the officials” 36:20 x5gj put the scroll in the room of Elishama 0 Alternate translation: “put the scroll in the room of Elishama so it would be safe” 36:20 b16g Elishama the secretary 0 See how you translated “Elishama the scribe” in [Jeremiah 36:12](../36/12.md). 36:20 nlt3 in the hearing of the king 0 “where the king could hear him” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md). 36:21 rz17 Jehudi 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 36:14](../36/14.md). 36:22 xeh7 Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Jeremiah starts to tell a new part of the story. 36:22 nd2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths in the ninth month 0 This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. This is at the end of the sowing season and the beginning of the cold season. It is during the last part November and the first part of December on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) 36:22 zw8h a brazier was burning in front of him 0 Alternate translation: “the brazier was in front of him with a blazing fire” 36:22 tf4p a brazier 0 a fireplace that people can move 36:23 sz7v It happened that 0 This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. 36:23 z4cg Jehudi 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:14](../36/14.md). 36:23 l2gf columns 0 these are columns of words on the scroll 36:23 ip73 would cut it off 0 Alternate translation: “would cut that part of the scroll off” 36:23 gbu3 with a knife 0 Alternate translation: “using a scribe’s knife” or “using the kind of knife that scribes use” 36:23 ar14 brazier 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:22](../36/22.md). 36:23 vjz5 until all of the scroll was destroyed 0 Alternate translation: “until the scroll was completely gone” 36:24 s3et all these words 0 the words from the scroll that Baruch wrote as Jeremiah dictated 36:24 bgq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction nor did they tear their clothes 0 People tore their cloths when they were extremely sad. Alternate translation: “nor did they mourn by tearing their clothes” 36:25 ts8f Elnathan, Delaiah, and Gemariah 0 See how you translated these names in [Jeremiah 36:12](../36/12.md). 36:25 km58 urged the king 0 Alternate translation: “pleaded with the king” 36:26 vne7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jerahmeel … Seraiah … Azriel … Shelemiah … Abdeel 0 These are the names of men. 36:26 uyd9 a relative 0 Alternate translation: “a relative of the king” 36:26 d67a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Jeremiah the prophet … hidden them 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. 36:27 h7zx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Then the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah after … dictation, saying, 0 The idiom “The word of Yahweh came” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah after … dictation. He said,” or “After … dictation, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” 36:27 i9hx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person to Jeremiah … Jeremiah’s dictation 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. 36:27 ksc8 at Jeremiah’s dictation 0 See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 36:4](../36/04.md). 36:28 x9ye Go back, take another scroll for yourself 0 Alternate translation: “Take another scroll for yourself again” 36:28 m6mh the original scroll 0 Alternate translation: “the first scroll” 36:29 bf3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why have you written on it … beast in it’? 0 Jehoiakim uses this question to emphasize that Jeremiah should not have written that the king of Babylon would come and attack. Alternate translation: “You should not have written … beast in it!” or “You were wrong to write … beast in it’!” 36:29 ngk4 for he will destroy 0 Alternate translation: “and he will destroy” 36:30 pl99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy will ever sit on the throne of David 0 Sitting on the throne is a metonym for ruling as king. See how you translated “sits on the throne of David” in [Jeremiah 29:16](../29/16.md). Alternate translation: “will ever rule the Israelites as David did” 36:30 d7yi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive your corpse will be thrown out 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will throw your dead body outside” 36:30 n16b your corpse 0 Alternate translation: “your dead body” 36:30 jp3b into the heat of day 0 Alternate translation: “so that it is exposed to the dry heat of the daytime” 36:30 ws5c frost 0 ice that forms on grass during cold nights 36:31 bvh4 of you all 0 Alternate translation: “of all of you” 36:32 k5z6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Jeremiah took … Jeremiah’s dictation 0 Jeremiah speaks of himself by name for reasons that are not clear. 36:32 k1wh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Baruch wrote on it at Jeremiah’s dictation 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **dictation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 36:4](../36/04.md). Alternate translation: “while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote on it” 36:32 b4kt burned by Jehoiakim king of Judah 0 Alternate translation: “that Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire” 36:32 mev6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Furthermore, many other similar words were added to this scroll 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Furthermore, Jeremiah and Baruch added to this scroll many more words which were similar to the words that had been in the first scroll” 37:intro du3z 0 # Jeremiah 37 General Notes\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Ironic situation\n\nJeremiah was thrown into prison and beaten for prophesying the word of God. Then the king asked him, “Is there any word from Yahweh?” This is a type of irony. The king simply did not agree with God’s original word. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]]) 37:1 c5u8 Jehoiachin 0 The Hebrew text has “Coniah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to. 37:2 vt3f of the land 0 Alternate translation: “of the land of Judah” 37:2 j785 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche he proclaimed by the hand of Jeremiah the prophet 0 The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “he had Jeremiah the prophet proclaim” 37:2 crn1 he proclaimed 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh proclaimed” 37:2 t2q2 Jeremiah the prophet 0 Jeremiah refers to himself by name for reasons that are not clear. 37:3 hw6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jehukal 0 This is a man’s name. 37:3 ynt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shelemiah 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 36:14](../36/14.md). 37:3 f9qq Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 21:1](../21/01.md). 37:3 r1ds on our behalf 0 “for us” or “for our sake.” The word “our” refers to King Zedekiah and the rest of the people of Judah. 37:4 u9nx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. The narrator tells background information about what Jeremiah had been doing before Zedekiah sent the message. 37:4 qa7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Jeremiah was coming and going among the people 0 Here “coming and going” is an idiom that means he was free to move about. Alternate translation: “Jeremiah was able to go wherever he wanted with everybody else” 37:4 j14u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive for he had not yet been put in prison 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “because no one had put him in prison” 37:5 m95i came out 0 Alternate translation: “had set out” 37:5 b9va besieging 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md). 37:6 p84n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah the prophet, saying, 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah the prophet. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah the prophet:” 37:7 y24f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you will say 0 The word “you” refers to the two men that king Zedekiah had sent to Jeremiah, Jehukal son of Shelemiah, and Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest. 37:7 wic9 to seek advice from me 0 The word “me” refers to Yahweh. 37:7 g9p8 See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” 37:8 xgj8 They will fight against this city, capture it, and burn it 0 Compare how you translated “to wage war against it and take it, and to burn it” in [Jeremiah 34:22](../34/22.md). 37:9 egq8 Do not deceive yourselves 0 The word “yourselves” refers to King Zedekiah and the rest of the people of Judah. 37:9 ppa5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Surely the Chaldeans are leaving us 0 The people of Judah think that they will be safe because the Chaldeans had left. Alternate translation: “Surely we are safe because the Chaldeans are leaving us” 37:10 w4f5 they would get up 0 Alternate translation: “the wounded men would get up” 37:11 gsm7 So it was 0 “It came about that.” This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. 37:12 n9nx a tract of land 0 Alternate translation: “a piece of land” or “some land” 37:12 kr6j among his people 0 “among his relatives.” Jeremiah was from the town of Anathoth in the land of Benjamin ([Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md)). 37:13 pfg7 Benjamin Gate 0 This is the name of the gate. 37:13 t5gr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Irijah 0 This is the name of a person. 37:13 w2f7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shelemiah 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 36:14](../36/14.md). 37:13 az9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hananiah 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 28:1](../28/01.md). 37:13 uez4 deserting 0 escaping trouble and leaving people who need help 37:14 asx2 deserting 0 This means escaping trouble and leaving people who need help. 37:14 nwr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Irijah 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 37:13](../37/13.md). 37:14 q1jq officials 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:18](../01/18.md). 37:15 s5cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers Jonathan the scribe 0 “Jonathan, who was a scribe.” This is a man’s name. 37:16 c2h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Jeremiah was put into an underground cell 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the officials put Jeremiah into a room that was under the ground” 37:17 h6f8 brought him 0 Alternate translation: “brought Jeremiah” 37:17 x17c his house 0 the palace of King Zedekiah 37:17 s43j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You will be given into the hand of the king of Babylon 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 32:4](../32/04.md). Alternate translation: “I will certainly put you under the control of the king of Babylon” or “I will certainly allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 37:18 lu1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How have I sinned against you … prison? 0 Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that he has not done anything wrong. Alternate translation: “I have not done anything wrong to you … prison.” 37:18 hq9m this people 0 the people of the kingdom of Judah 37:18 a64h have placed 0 Alternate translation: “have put” 37:19 utn2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Where are your prophets, the ones who prophesied … against this land? 0 Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that the other prophets were lying but that he had done nothing wrong because he had told the truth. Alternate translation: “Your prophets who prophesied … against this land were obviously wrong, but now it is clear that I was telling you the truth.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 37:19 tq67 your prophets 0 The word “your” refers to King Zedekiah and the other people of the kingdom of Judah. 37:19 gp83 will not come against you or against this land 0 Alternate translation: “will not attack you or attack this land” 37:20 a8fv Let my pleas come before you 0 “Hear me plead for mercy and do as I ask.” See how you translated “their pleas for mercy will come before Yahweh” in [Jeremiah 36:7](../36/07.md). 37:20 e2hq the house of Jonathan the scribe 0 “the house of Jonathan, who is a scribe.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:15](../37/15.md). 37:21 pss2 the courtyard of the guard 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md). 37:21 s566 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive A loaf of bread was given him 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “His servants also gave Jeremiah a loaf of bread” 37:21 v6xa from the street of the bakers 0 Alternate translation: “from the street where the bakers worked” 38:intro eu3f 0 # Jeremiah 38 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Surrender and live\n\nIf the king obeyed God and surrendered to the Babylonians, he would be allowed to live and the city would not be burned. But if he refused, he would be captured and the city burned. This took faith that Yahweh was using this ungodly, Gentile nation. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) 38:1 gl7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shephatiah … Mattan, Gedaliah … Pashhur, Jehukal … Shelemiah … Pashhur … Malkijah 0 men’s names 38:2 p2xn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Anyone staying in this city will be killed by sword, famine, and plague 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Anyone staying in this city will die by sword, famine, and plague” or “I will kill anyone staying in this city with sword, famine, and plague” 38:2 izt9 He will escape with his own life 0 The one who surrenders to the Babylonians will escape alive, even though he will lose all his possessions. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 21:9](../21/09.md). 38:3 f89i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy This city will be given into the hand of the army of the king of Babylon 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will allow the army of the king of Babylon to conquer Jerusalem” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 38:3 u8f5 he will capture it 0 The reader should understand that others will help the king of Babylon capture the city. “his army will capture it” 38:4 s9za Let this man die 0 Alternate translation: “Order someone to kill this man” 38:4 l3h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he is weakening the hands of the fighting men who remain in this city, and the hands of all the people 0 Weak hands are a metonym for a person who is afraid. Alternate translation: “he is causing the soldiers and all the people in the city to lose courage” 38:4 lzh8 for this man is not working for safety for this people, but disaster 0 Alternate translation: “for Jeremiah is not working to help this people be safe, but he is working for bad things to happen to this people” 38:5 xr6q Look 0 Alternate translation: “Listen carefully” 38:5 a92p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he is in your hand 0 The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand has. Alternate translation: “you are able do whatever you want with him” 38:6 z9f6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole they … threw him into the cistern 0 They literally “lowered Jeremiah down on ropes,” but the word “threw” is an exaggeration to say that they treated him roughly. Your language may have another way of saying this. Alternate translation: “they … roughly pushed him into the cistern” 38:6 b4bv cistern 0 a deep hole in the ground where people collect and store rain water 38:6 rb8h the courtyard of the guard 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md). 38:6 y2m2 They lowered Jeremiah down on ropes 0 This tells how “they threw him into the cistern.” 38:7 jqm6 Now Ebed-Melek 0 The word “now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. 38:7 uc4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ebed-Melek the Cushite 0 This is the name of a man from Cush. 38:7 lix8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now the king 0 Here the word “now” marks a break in the main story line where the narrator tells background information about what the king was doing. 38:7 kfm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom sitting at the Benjamin Gate 0 King Zedekiah was probably hearing and judging legal cases. 38:7 tch5 Benjamin Gate 0 This is an entrance into the city of Jerusalem that people named after Benjamin, Jacob’s son. 38:10 ex3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers thirty men 0 “30 men” 38:11 d1k2 let them down by ropes 0 Alternate translation: “used ropes to lower them down” 38:12 xa9e under your arms and on top of the ropes 0 Alternate translation: “between your arms and the ropes” 38:13 s46y they pulled Jeremiah 0 Here the word “they” refers to some of the thirty men who were with Ebed-Melech. 38:13 xs87 the courtyard of the guard 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md). 38:15 vvt7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion If I answer you, will you not certainly kill me? 0 Jeremiah uses this question to express his belief that the king will kill him if he answers truthfully. Alternate translation: “If I tell you the truth, you will certainly kill me” 38:16 cjp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom As Yahweh lives, the one who made us 0 “as surely as Yahweh, the one who made us, is alive.” This is a way of making a solemn promise. The king says it to emphasize that what he is about to say next is true. See how you translated “As Yahweh lives” in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear by Yahweh, the one who made us” 38:16 yv2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will not … give you into the hand of those men 0 Here the word “hand” refers to the men’s control or power. Alternate translation: “I will not … allow those men to capture you” 38:16 q87t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor seeking your life 0 This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. See how this phrase is translated in [Jeremiah 11:21](../11/21.md). Alternate translation: “trying to kill you” 38:17 p9k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy God of Israel 0 The name of the people group is metonym for the people of that group. Alternate translation: “God of the people of Israel” 38:17 kku6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive this city will not be burned 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonian army will not burn this city” 38:18 gja5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive this city will be given into the hand of the Chaldeans 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 38:2](../38/02.md). Alternate translation: “I will allow the Chaldeans to conquer this city” or “I will allow the Chaldeans to do whatever they want with this city” 38:18 fbz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you will not escape from their hand 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “you will not escape from their power” 38:19 m4jz deserted 0 escaped trouble and left people who needed help. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:13](../37/13.md). 38:19 i4pf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive I might be given over into their hand 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Chaldeans might put me under the control of the people of Judah who have deserted” or “the Chaldeans might allow the people of Judah who have deserted to do whatever they want with me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 38:19 r1ze for them to treat me badly 0 Here the word “them” refers to the people of Judah who have deserted. 38:20 x9uy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you They will not give you over to them 0 “The Chaldeans will not give you over to the Judeans.” Here “you” refers to Zedekiah. 38:21 b1pi this is what Yahweh has shown me 0 Here the word “this” refers to what Jeremiah will say next. 38:22 z6cx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive All the women who are left … will be brought out to the officials of the king of Babylon 0 The reader should understand that the officials will take these women as slaves. Alternate translation: “Soldiers will bring all the women who are left … out to the officials of the king of Babylon” 38:22 ndr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive You have been deceived by your friends 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your friends have deceived you” 38:22 jgf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Your feet are now sunk into the mud 0 The king is now helpless. 38:23 dti7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive For all of your wives and children will be brought out to the Chaldeans 0 The reader should understand that the officials will take these people as slaves. Alternate translation: “Soldiers will bring your wives and children out to the Chaldeans” 38:23 k3p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy will not escape from their hand 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “will not escape from their power” 38:23 x21i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You will be captured by the hand of the king of Babylon, and this city will be burned 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. The reader should probably understand that many people will help the king do this. Alternate translation: “The army of the king of Babylon will capture you and will burn the city” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 38:26 l1fb Jonathan 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 37:15](../37/15.md). 38:27 e9tl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the conversation between Jeremiah and the king 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **conversation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what Jeremiah and the king said to each other” 38:28 kaj5 the courtyard of the guard 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md). 38:28 l5rj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive until the day Jerusalem was captured 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “until the day that the Babylonian army captured Jerusalem” 39:intro i9ad 0 # Jeremiah 39 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe prophesied destruction of Jerusalem is over and the actual conquering of the Promised Land by Babylon begins in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) 39:1 bc1u came … against Jerusalem 0 Alternate translation: “came to attack Jerusalem” 39:1 dap3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths In the ninth year and tenth month of Zedekiah king of Judah 0 This is after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for eight years, in the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “In the tenth month of the ninth year that Zedekiah was king of Judah” 39:1 yh1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal ninth … tenth 0 39:2 v5d9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths In the eleventh year and fourth month of Zedekiah, on the ninth day of the month 0 This is after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for more than ten years, in the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. The eleventh day is near the beginning of July on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “On the ninth day of the fourth month of the eleventh year that Zedekiah was king” 39:2 ph29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal eleventh … fourth 0 39:3 bu4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nebo-Sarsekim, Samgar Nebo, and Sarsechim 0 These are the names of men. 39:3 ew2q in the middle gate 0 “in the middle entrance to the city.” It was common for leaders to sit at the gate of the city to discuss important matters. 39:4 rpl5 They went out at night from the city by the king’s garden path 0 Alternate translation: “They left the city at night going out on a path in the king’s garden” 39:5 w8c7 the plains of the Jordan River valley 0 This is the flat land at the southern end of the valley. 39:5 uma7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names at Riblah in the land of Hamath 0 Riblah was a town in the territory of Hamath, which is in Syria. 39:5 v4xk pursued them and overtook 0 Alternate translation: “followed them and caught” 39:5 f3u5 passed sentence on him 0 Alternate translation: “decided how to punish him” 39:6 l5id rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche slaughtered Zedekiah’s sons before his own eyes 0 The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah’s sons. Alternate translation: “forced Zedekiah to watch as the king’s soldiers killed Zedekiah’s sons” 39:7 ei9s he put out Zedekiah’s eyes 0 “the king’s men made Zedekiah blind.” Use the common words for making a person blind. It is not clear that the king of Babylon took Zedekiah’s eyes out of his head. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon make Zedekiah blind. 39:8 ku9v the king’s house 0 Zedekiah’s house 39:8 cbe2 the people’s houses 0 the houses that had belonged to the people of Jerusalem 39:9 sr9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nebuzaradan 0 This is the name of a man. 39:9 qvc3 the king’s bodyguards 0 Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s guards” 39:9 nt1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole the rest of the people who were left in the city 0 This is probably a generalization. Alternate translation: “the people who were still living in the city” 39:10 h3ys rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole who had nothing for themselves 0 The word “nothing” is probably an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “who owned nothing of great value” 39:13 r536 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nebushazban 0 a man’s name 39:13 w1xh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit sent men out 0 They sent them out to get Jeremiah. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “sent men out to get Jeremiah” 39:14 x1ja rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gedaliah … Ahikam … Shaphan 0 These are the names of men. 39:14 k5dx the courtyard of the guard 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md). 39:14 uw8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit among the people 0 You may need to make explicit which people the speaker is speaking of. Alternate translation: “among the people who remained in Judah” 39:15 sbp1 0 # General Information:\n\nThis story happened before the events in the first part of the chapter. 39:15 rz5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now 0 This word is used here to mark a return to the story line, as the narrator tells what Yahweh had said to Jeremiah after Nebuchadnezzar gave the orders about Jeremiah ([Jeremiah 39:12–14](./12.md)). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) 39:15 qm3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah while he was … guard, saying, 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah while he was … guard. He said,” or “while Jeremiah was … guard, Yahweh spoke this message to him:” 39:15 g5jx the courtyard of the guard 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md). 39:16 g2jt Ebed-Melek the Cushite 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 38:7](../38/07.md). 39:16 c57h Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 39:16 tg3k I am about to carry out my words against this city for disaster and not for good 0 Alternate translation: “I am bringing disaster, not good, against this city, just as I said I would” 39:16 pb72 For they will all come true before you on that day 0 Alternate translation: “For you will see it all happen on that day” 39:17 d4fl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you will not be given into the hand of the men whom you fear 0 Here “hand” refers to power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the men you fear will not harm you” or “I will not allow anyone to put you under the control of the people whom you fear” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 39:18 y55h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism You will not fall by the sword 0 The sword is a metonym for dying in war. Alternate translation: “No one will kill you with their sword” or “You will not die in war” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 39:18 h19r with your life 0 Alternate translation: “alive” 40:intro rx94 0 # Jeremiah 40 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### Peace in Judah\n\nAfter Babylon conquered Jerusalem, this chapter reveals an unfolding peace in the area. Ammon, who was supposed to be Judah’s ally against Babylon, probably sought to distract Babylon from attacking them by ruining the peace in the region of Judah. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 40:1 vp76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh 0 This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:1](../32/01.md) Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” 40:1 nzv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nebuzaradan 0 This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/09.md). 40:1 w77l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who were being carried into exile to Babylon 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom the soldiers were about to take to Babylon as exiles” 40:3 p9na this thing 0 Alternate translation: “this disaster” 40:4 pm8f But now look! 0 Nebuzaradan says this to bring Jeremiah’s attention to the present moment. 40:4 m5yi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy it is good in your eyes 0 “Eyes” here is a metonym for what the person thinks. Alternate translation: “it is what you consider to be right” 40:5 zah3 Gedaliah … Ahikam … Shaphan 0 These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md). 40:5 cw75 among the people 0 Alternate translation: “among the Judeans” 40:5 kwh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy it is good in your eyes 0 “Eyes” here is a metonym for what the person thinks. Alternate translation: “it is what you consider to be right” 40:6 v5hd who were left behind in the land 0 Alternate translation: “who stayed in Judah” 40:7 h3c3 Now 0 This marks a new part of the story. 40:7 iep2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive those who had not been exiled to Babylon 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom the enemy soldiers had not sent to Babylon” 40:8 ug21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ishmael … Nethaniah … Johanan … Jonathan … Kareah … Seraiah … Tanhumeth … Ephai … Jaazaniah 0 These are the names of men. 40:8 lt8t Netophathite … Maakathite 0 people from the regions of Netophah and Maakah 40:9 a2lc took an oath to them 0 Alternate translation: “swore to the Judean commanders” 40:10 y2bg Look 0 Alternate translation: “Listen carefully” or “Pay attention” 40:10 n6bm summer fruit 0 Alternate translation: “fruit that becomes ripe during the summer” 40:10 rd9k you have occupied 0 “you have taken over.” “Occupy” here is a military term. Gedaliah was talking to soldiers ([Jeremiah 40:7](../40/07.md)) who may have conquered or otherwise taken control of cities. 40:11 pe3x remnant of Judah 0 Alternate translation: “remnant of the people of Judah” 40:11 d4gs had appointed … over them 0 Alternate translation: “had put … in charge of them” 40:11 gn3r Gedaliah son of Ahikam son of Shaphan 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md). 40:11 c3ya over them 0 Alternate translation: “over the people of Judah” 40:12 zs8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive where they had been scattered 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “where the Babylonians had driven them” 40:12 hny7 wine and summer fruit in great abundance 0 Alternate translation: “a huge amount of grapes and summer fruit” 40:12 t7ep summer fruit 0 “fruit that becomes ripe during the summer.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 40:10](../40/10.md). 40:13 qk6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Johanan … Kareah 0 See how you translated these names in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/08.md). 40:13 yp1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gedaliah 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md). 40:14 dj6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you realize that Baalis king of the people of Ammon sent Ishmael son of Nethaniah to murder you? 0 Johanan and the commanders use a rhetorical question to warn Gedaliah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You need to understand that Baalis king of the people of Ammon sent Ishmael son of Nethaniah to murder you!” 40:14 mv1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Baalis 0 This is the name of a man. 40:14 p3zy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ishmael … Nethaniah 0 Translate these names as in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/08.md). 40:14 q9l2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahikim 0 See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 26:24](../26/24.md). 40:15 yyw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Johanan … Kareah 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/08.md). 40:15 tfj9 Gedaliah 0 See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md). 40:15 vk6u Ishmael … Nethaniah 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/08.md). 40:15 tnu5 No one will suspect me 0 Alternate translation: “No one will think that I did it” 40:15 l7ed rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why should he kill you? 0 Johanan uses a rhetorical question to try to change Gedaliah’s thinking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not allow him to kill you.” 40:15 mc43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why allow all of Judah that has been gathered to you to be scattered and the remnant of Judah destroyed? 0 Johanan uses a rhetorical question to try to get Gedaliah to think about what will happen if Gedaliah does what Gedaliah is planning to do. Alternate translation: “If you do this, all of Judah that has been gathered to you will be scattered and the remnant of Judah will be destroyed.” 40:15 c9ug rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole all of Judah 0 The word “all” is a generalization. Alternate translation: “many of the people of Judah” 40:15 hp75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that has been gathered to you 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “who have come to you” or “whom Yahweh has brought to you” 40:15 mj6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive to be scattered 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “to have the Chaldeans scatter them” or “to flee away to many different lands” 40:15 pxq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the remnant of Judah destroyed 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “allow the Chaldeans to destroy the remnant of Judah” or “and allow the remnant of Judah to perish” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 40:15 zr8s remnant of Judah 0 “remnant of the people of Judah.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 40:11](../40/11.md). 40:16 gc11 Ahikam 0 See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 26:24](../26/24.md). 41:intro u2q2 0 # Jeremiah 41 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Life in Judah\n\nThis chapter explains what life was like in Judah after the Babylonian conquest. It was a difficult and dangerous time, but some of the faithful remained in the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) 41:1 mz9m it happened that 0 This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. 41:1 rce7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths in the seventh month 0 This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) 41:1 va8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ishmael son of Nethaniah 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/08.md). 41:1 uv6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Elishama 0 This is the name of a man. 41:2 yly4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gedaliah son of Ahikam son of Shaphan 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md). 41:2 mt62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in charge of the land 0 Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “in charge of the people of Judah” 41:3 s68d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Then Ishmael killed 0 Here “Ishmael” represents himself and the ten men with him. Alternate translation: “Then Ishmael and the ten men with him killed” 41:3 pzn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the Chaldean fighting men found there 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “also the Chaldean soldiers there” 41:4 xv5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the second day after 0 The word “second” is the ordinal form of the number 2. This could mean: (1) “the day after” or (2) “two days after” 41:5 te6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers eighty men 0 “80 men” 41:5 c3sk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in their hands 0 Having things in the hands here is probably a metaphor for carrying those things or having them in their possession. Alternate translation: “in their possession” 41:5 v4qg to go to Yahweh’s house 0 Alternate translation: “to go worship Yahweh at his temple” 41:6 p4gy to meet them 0 Alternate translation: “to meet the 80 men” 41:6 n7k7 Then it happened 0 This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. 41:7 iju5 It came about that 0 This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. 41:7 tp8u Ishmael son of Nethaniah slaughtered them and threw them into a pit, he and the men who were with him 0 It is stated it in [Jeremiah 41:8](../41/08.md) that Ishmael and his men did not kill all 80 men. You can state here that they killed most of the 80 men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael son of Nethaniah, and the men who were with him, killed most of the 80 men and threw them into a pit” 41:8 nt5a ten men among them 0 The word “them” refers to the 80 men. 41:8 zn9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit for there are provisions of ours in a field 0 It is implied that they would give their provisions to Ishmael and his men. Alternate translation: “for we will give you our provisions that we have hidden in a field” 41:8 c4gu provisions 0 supplies to be used to provide for future needs 41:9 p33k rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background The cistern where Ishmael … against King Baasha of Israel 0 This is background information about the cistern that Ishmael used. King Asa had his men dig the cistern so his people would have a water supply when King Baasha attacked them. 41:9 kzd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy that King Asa dug 0 Here King Asa represents his men. Alternate translation: “that King Asa ordered his men to dig” 41:9 p7br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche against King Baasha of Israel 0 Here King Baasha represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “against Baasha, king of Israel, and his army” 41:9 ny7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Ishmael son of Nethaniah filled it 0 Here Ishmael represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men filled it” 41:9 nw96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj with the dead 0 This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “with those who were dead” or “with those they had killed” 41:10 w324 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Ishmael captured 0 Here Ishmael represents himself and his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men captured” 41:10 y6nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nebuzaradan 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/09.md). 41:10 rk3e went to cross over to the people of Ammon 0 Alternate translation: “traveled towards the land of the Ammonites” 41:11 j1v7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Ishmael son of Nethaniah 0 Here “Ishmael” represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men” 41:12 pak6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Ishmael son of Nethaniah … found him 0 Here “Ishmael” represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men … found them” 41:13 a4a1 Then it happened that 0 This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. 41:13 efz7 when all the people who were with Ishmael 0 Here “people” refers to those whom Ishmael and his men had captured. 41:14 tjt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche whom Ishmael had captured 0 Here “Ishmael” represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “whom Ishmael and his men had captured” 41:15 zag1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche He went to the people of Ammon 0 “He” refers to Ishmael who represents himself and the eight men with him. Alternate translation: “They went to the people of Ammon” 41:16 d9f5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who had been rescued 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom they had rescued” 41:16 x13r rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background This was after Ishmael had killed Gedaliah son of Ahikam 0 The author stops the story to refer to a previous event so that the order of events are understood. 41:16 r944 the strong men, the fighting men 0 These both refer to soldiers. Alternate translation: “the soldiers” 41:16 j14l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who had been rescued at Gibeon 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom they had rescued at Gibeon” 41:17 b8j8 they went 0 Alternate translation: “Johanan, his companions, and all the people they rescued went” 41:17 di1c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Geruth Kimham 0 This is the name of a place. 41:18 k3qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit because of the Chaldeans 0 It is implied that they were afraid that the Chaldeans would attack them. Alternate translation: “because they thought the Chaldeans may attack them” 41:18 iuc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in charge of the land 0 Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “in charge of the people of Judah” 42:intro ye1g 0 # Jeremiah 42 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Life in Babylon\n\nThe remaining army commanders, who scattered after the Babylonian victory, asked Jeremiah to ask Yahweh about where they should go. Yahweh encouraged them to go to Babylon because they would soon return to the Promised Land. They would be punished if they went to Egypt or anywhere else. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) 42:1 jc5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Johanan … Kareah 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:13](../40/13.md). 42:1 w479 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jezaniah … Hoshaiah 0 These are the names of men. 42:1 h1f8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism all the people from the least to the greatest 0 This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here “least” and “greatest” represent those who are least important and those who are most important. Alternate translation: “all the people from every social status” or “all the people, including the least important and the most important people” 42:1 wx9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole all the people 0 Most likely not every individual in the town went. The word “all” is a generalization that means very many people went. Alternate translation: “many other people” 42:2 te2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Let our pleas come before you 0 “Let us present our urgent request to you.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **pleas**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Listen as we plead with you” 42:4 yl1b Look 0 Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” 42:4 v54c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will keep nothing back from you 0 The phrase “keep nothing back from you” is an idiom that means to tell someone everything. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will tell you everything the Lord tells me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 42:5 tze5 May Yahweh be 0 This is a way of beginning an oath. Alternate translation: “We ask Yahweh to be” or “Yahweh will be” 42:5 htw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet true and faithful 0 Here these words share similar meanings. They describe Yahweh as a witness whom no one will be able to contradict. Alternate translation: “trustworthy” 42:6 aj3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism Whether it is good or if it is bad 0 The people mention both extremes to emphasize that they will obey no matter what Yahweh’s answer is. Alternate translation: “Whatever he answers” 42:6 ixn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the voice of Yahweh our God 0 Here “voice” represents what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh our God says” or “we will obey Yahweh our God” 42:7 k8xs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah 0 This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” 42:8 c9v6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism to all the people from the least to the greatest 0 This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here “least” and “greatest” represent those who are least important and those who are most important. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md). Alternate translation: “to all the people from every social status” or “to all the people, including the least important and the most important people” 42:8 t51j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole to all the people 0 Most likely not every individual in the town went. The word “all” is a generalization that means very many people went. Alternate translation: “to many other people” 42:10 m39t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will build you and not tear you down 0 Yahweh refers to the people of Israel like a wall that can be built or torn down. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to prosper and I will not destroy you” 42:10 aj8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will plant you and not pull you up 0 Yahweh uses another example to express how he will cause the people of Israel to prosper and not be destroyed. He refers to them like a plant in the same way he referred to them as a wall. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 42:10 a8zc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will turn back the disaster that I have brought on you 0 A disaster is here spoken of as something that a person can put onto someone else. Alternate translation: “I will prevent the disaster that I have caused to happen to you” 42:11 k5t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet to save you and rescue you 0 The words “save” and “rescue” mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will, indeed, save. Alternate translation: “to save you completely” 42:11 jv59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rescue you from his hand 0 Here the word “hand” refers to power and authority. Alternate translation: “rescue you from his power” or “rescue you from him” 42:13 qi8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy if you do not listen to my voice, the voice of Yahweh your God 0 Here “voice” represents a command. To not obey is like the people did not hear Yahweh’s command. Alternate translation: “if you do not obey my commands, even though I am Yahweh, your God” 42:14 bg9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism where we will not see any war, where we will not hear the sound of the trumpet 0 Both of these phrases describe being at war by the ability to see or hear it. Alternate translation: “where we will not experience the hardships of war” 42:14 n28p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy we will not go hungry for food 0 Being hungry for food is used to describe famine. 42:15 t7ch Now 0 The word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. 42:15 te43 to this word of Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “to Yahweh’s message” 42:15 e21x Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 42:15 cpw7 set out to go to 0 Alternate translation: “depart for” or “leave for” 42:16 s8nw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the sword that you fear will overtake you 0 Here “the sword” represents war. The Israelites experiencing war even if they go to Egypt is spoken of as if the sword would chase after the people catch up with them. Alternate translation: “you will experience the terrible results of war” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 42:16 pea7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The famine that you are worrying about will pursue you to Egypt 0 The Israelites experiencing famine even in Egypt is spoken of as if famine would chase after them. Alternate translation: “You worry about famine in Israel but if you go to Egypt you will suffer from famine there” 42:17 vak7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche all the men who set out 0 The men are used to refer to all the people because they are the leaders in their families. Alternate translation: “anyone who sets out” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) 42:17 b82t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the disaster that I will bring on them 0 Causing a disaster is spoken of as if disaster were an object that is brought to a person. Alternate translation: “the disaster that I will cause to happen to them” 42:18 v4kb Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 42:18 hxc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my wrath and my fury were poured out on the inhabitants of Jerusalem 0 Yahweh punishing people because he is very angry is spoken of as if wrath and fury were liquids that he poured out on the people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I became very angry and punished the people of Jerusalem” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 42:18 ss3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet my wrath and my fury 0 The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: “my terrible wrath” 42:18 rm4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in the same way my fury will be poured out on you 0 Yahweh punishing people because he is very angry is spoken of as if fury were a liquid that he pours out on the people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will became very angry and punish you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 42:18 m8xv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism You will become an object of cursing and a horror, an object for speaking curses, and something dishonorable 0 All of these statements mean basically the same thing and emphasize how badly the nations will treat the people of Judah after Yahweh punishes them. Alternate translation: “People will be terrified when they see what has happened to you. They will curse and mock you” 42:19 m4t7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I have been a witness against you 0 The phrase “been a witness against” is an idiom that means to give a warning. Alternate translation: “I have warned you” 42:20 tm47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom we will carry it out 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “we will do it” 42:21 q58d you have not listened 0 Alternate translation: “you have not paid attention” 42:21 bn7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the voice of Yahweh your God 0 Here “voice” represents what Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “to what Yahweh your God commanded” 42:22 ewj3 now 0 The word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. 42:22 ah9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you will die by sword 0 Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “you will die in warfare” 42:22 b8em rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in the place where you desired to go to live 0 They desired to live in Egypt. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “in Egypt, where you thought you would be safe” 43:intro b33q 0 # Jeremiah 43 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### They did not believe Jeremiah\n\nAfter Jeremiah prophesied the destruction of Judah, the people did not believe him. Judah was conquered and destroyed. Even after this, the people did not believe they would be safe in Babylon as Jeremiah prophesied. This is shocking. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])\n\n### Babylon invades Egypt\n\nBabylon is described as invading part of Egypt. This would have been unthinkable for the people. It would have gotten their attention.\n\n## Other possible translation issues in this chapter\n\n### Symbolic actions\n\nJeremiah’s burial of the stones was intended to be a symbolic action for the people. This was supposed to teach the people a lesson. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 43:1 ufu5 It happened that 0 This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. 43:2 wg2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Azariah 0 This could mean: (1) this is another name for Jezaniah in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md) or (2) this is a different son of Hoshaiah. 43:2 a3qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hoshaiah 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md). 43:2 u1n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Johanan … Kareah 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:13](../40/13.md). 43:3 h7cf inciting 0 to cause someone to act in a harmful or violent way 43:3 gh4k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to deliver us into the hand of the Chaldeans 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “to give us over to the Chaldeans” 43:3 bw5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns for you to cause our death and to make us captives in Babylon 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **death**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to kill.” Alternate translation: “for you to cause the Chaldeans to either kill us or to take us as captives to Babylon” 43:4 glv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole all the people 0 This probably did not include every individual there. The word “all” is a generalization that means many people. Alternate translation: “many of the people” 43:4 a6mj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy refused to listen to Yahweh’s voice 0 Here “voice” represents commands. And here “to listen” means “to obey.” Alternate translation: “would not obey Yahweh’s command” 43:5 n9qa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive where they had been scattered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “where Yahweh had scattered them” 43:6 qj48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nebuzaradan 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/09.md). 43:6 s144 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gedaliah … Ahikam … Shaphan 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md). 43:7 rup9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tahpanhes 0 See how you translated the name of this city in [Jeremiah 2:16](../02/16.md). 43:8 p6h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah in Tahpanhes, saying, 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah in Tahpanhes. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah in Tahpanehs:” 43:9 i4wa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns in the sight of the people of Judah 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sight**, you can express the same idea with the verb “watching.” Alternate translation: “while the people of Judah are watching” 43:9 usg5 mortar 0 a substance used to hold bricks together 43:9 sha8 to Pharaoh’s house 0 Alternate translation: “to Pharaoh’s royal building” 43:10 eb2l Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 43:10 uz43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will place his throne over these stones that you, Jeremiah, have buried. Nebuchadnezzar will place his pavilion over them 0 Both the king’s “throne” and “pavilion” are used to refer to his royal authority. Alternate translation: “I will cause him to rule as king over the people of Egypt. He will place his throne and pavilion over these stones you have buried” 43:10 k69r pavilion 0 a very large tent 43:11 j4bf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he will come 0 Here “he” refers to Nebuchadnezzar who represents his whole army. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s army will come” 43:11 njk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Anyone who is assigned to death will be given to death 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **death**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “die.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Everyone will die whom I have decided must die” 43:11 iqj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Anyone who is assigned to captivity will be taken captive 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Babylonians will take everyone captive whom I have decided must go into captivity” 43:11 prf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Anyone who is assigned to the sword will be given to the sword 0 Here “sword” represents battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Everyone will die in battle whom I have decided will die in battle” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 43:12 fy3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Then I will light a fire 0 Here “I” refers to Yahweh. This represents Yahweh sending the Babylonian army to light a fire. Alternate translation: “Then I will cause the Babylonian army to light a fire” 43:12 yqt6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Nebuchadnezzar will … He will 0 Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s army will … They will” 43:12 nms7 burn them or capture them 0 Alternate translation: “burn the Egyptian idols or take them” 43:12 e3qj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile He will clean out the land of Egypt just as shepherds clean vermin off their clothes 0 Taking or destroying everything in Egypt is compared to how a shepherd carefully cleans off his clothes. Alternate translation: “He will take or destroy everything valuable in Egypt just as a shepherd is careful to get every insect off of his clothes” 43:13 pyt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heliopolis 0 This is the name of a city. The name means “city of the sun.” In this city was a temple where they worshiped a sun god. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 44:intro xf8j 0 # Jeremiah 44 General Notes\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Idiom\n\nThe people called Ashtoreth the goddess of the Canaanites, “the queen of heaven.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) 44:1 s5cz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word came to Jeremiah 0 It is implied that the word that came to Jeremiah was from Yahweh. This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” 44:1 gzg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Migdol 0 This is the name of a city. 44:1 a4bd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tahpanhes … Memphis 0 Translate the names of these cities as you did in [Jeremiah 2:16](../02/16.md). 44:1 jee4 in Upper Egypt 0 This refers to the southern region of Egypt. It is sometime called “Pathros.” 44:2 j6cn Yahweh of hosts … says 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 44:2 wb58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns You yourselves have seen 0 The word “yourselves” is used for emphasis to specify the people of Judea who live in the land of Egypt. 44:2 zs94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor all the disasters that I brought on Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah 0 Causing disasters is spoken of as if disasters were an object that can be put on something. Alternate translation: “all the disaster that I caused to happen to Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah” 44:2 bjm6 See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” 44:3 a86s they did to offend me 0 Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah did to offend me” 44:3 uvb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns they themselves 0 The word “themselves” is used for emphasis to specify the people of Jerusalem and the other cities of Judah. Alternate translation: “the people from the ruined cities” 44:4 jwn6 So I repeatedly sent 0 The word “I” refers to Yahweh. 44:5 a6zd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor or turn from their wickedness in burning incense to other gods 0 To stop doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. Alternate translation: “or to stop behaving wickedly by burning incense to other gods” 44:6 kck1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my fury and my wrath were poured out 0 Becoming angry and punishing people is spoken of as if fury and wrath were liquids there could be poured on people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I became very angry and punished them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 44:6 gje9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet my fury and my wrath 0 The words “fury” and “wrath” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: “my terrible wrath” 44:6 if3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor kindled a fire 0 Yahweh becoming angry and punishing the people of Judah is spoken of as his fury and wrath were a fire. Alternate translation: “my fury and wrath were like a fire” or “my punishment was like a fire” 44:6 j69q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet they became ruins and devastations 0 The words “ruins” and “devastations” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the complete devastation of Judah and Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “they became completely devastated” 44:6 bb1y as at this present day 0 This refers to the current time at which Yahweh was speaking this message. 44:7 gez9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why are you doing … yourselves? Why are you causing … and babies? 0 Yahweh uses these questions to rebuke the people for doing things that cause him to punish them. Alternate translation: “You are doing … yourselves. You are causing … and babies.” 44:7 mnr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Why are you doing great wickedness against yourselves? 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “wicked.” Alternate translation: “Why are you doing these wicked things that harm yourselves?” or “You are doing wicked things that cause terrible things to happen to you.” 44:7 n4fj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Why are you causing yourselves to be cut off from among Judah … and babies? 0 Being separated from the people of Judah is spoken of as if the people are cut off from Judah the way a person may cut off a branch from a vine or cut off a piece of cloth. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Why are you causing me to remove you from the people of Judah … and babies?” or “You are causing me to remove you from the people of Judah … and babies.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 44:8 prs6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns By your wickedness you have offended me with the deeds of your hands 0 Here, **wickedness** represents actions that are “wicked.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Here, **hand** represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “You have offended me with the wicked things you have done” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 44:8 bqw9 You have gone there so that … so that 0 Alternate translation: “The result of going to Egypt is that … and that” 44:8 d96k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you will be destroyed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will cause me to destroy you” or “you will destroy yourselves” 44:8 qgd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you will be a curse and a reproach among all the nations of the earth 0 Here “nations” represent the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of all the nations of the earth will curse you and hate you” 44:9 zk7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you forgotten the wickedness committed by your ancestors and the wickedness committed by the kings of Judah and their wives? 0 Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about the wicked behavior of their ancestors and how Yahweh punished them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Think about what happened to your ancestors and the kings of Judah and their wives when they did wicked things.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 44:9 v2a3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you forgotten the evil committed by yourselves and your wives in the land of Judah and the streets of Jerusalem? 0 Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about their own wicked behavior and how Yahweh punished them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Think about what happened to you and your wives when you did evil things in the land Judah and the streets of Jerusalem.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 44:9 w74z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the streets of Jerusalem 0 Jerusalem is referred to by the part of the city where people walk. This means the people did evil things in public places. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem” or “the public places of Jerusalem” 44:10 ai8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person they still are not humbled 0 “the people of Judah are still not humble.” Yahweh is still speaking to the people of Judah, so this can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “you are still not humble” 44:10 a4hl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor nor do they walk in them 0 Obeying the laws is spoken of as if it were walking in the laws. Alternate translation: “nor do they obey them” or “nor do you obey them” 44:11 ppb1 Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 44:11 vc6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I am about to set my face against you 0 This idiom means he “firmly decided.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 21:10](../21/10.md). Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind to oppose you” 44:11 j5gg set my face against 0 Alternate translation: “stare angrily at” 44:11 is79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to bring disaster to you 0 Causing disaster to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that can be brought to someone. Alternate translation: “to cause disaster to happen to you” 44:12 t7mn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom They will fall by sword and famine 0 Here “fall” means to die. And “sword” represents the enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Enemies will kill some of them and others will die of hunger” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 44:12 pmr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism From the least to the greatest 0 This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here “least” and “greatest” represent those who are least important and those who are most important. Alternate translation: “all the people from every social status” or “all the people, including the least important and the most important people” 44:12 t4e4 will become an object of swearing, cursing, reproaching, and a horrible thing 0 Alternate translation: “people will be horrified because of what happened to the people of Judah, and people will mock and curse them” 44:13 yvm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I punished Jerusalem 0 Here “Jerusalem” represents the people. Alternate translation: “I punished the people of Jerusalem” 44:13 xt2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with the sword, with famine, and with the plague 0 Here “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “by causing enemies to kill some of them, others to starve to death, and others to die because of disease” 44:15 e1fj in the great assembly 0 Alternate translation: “in the large crowd” 44:15 ql9v Lower … Egypt 0 “Lower Egypt” refers to the northern region of Egypt. 44:15 a1sx Upper Egypt 0 This refers to the southern region of Egypt. It is sometime called “Pathros.” 44:16 k3bm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy About the word that you have told us in Yahweh’s name—we will not listen to you 0 Here “in Yahweh’s name” means “in Yahweh’s authority” or “as Yahweh’s representative.” Alternate translation: “We will not obey this message that you say Yahweh told you to tell us” 44:17 aja3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit queen of heaven 0 This a title of a false goddess that the people of Judah worshiped. This goddess is also called “Asherah.” 44:17 fh7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the streets of Jerusalem 0 Here “streets” represent the public places in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “in the public places of Jerusalem” or “in Jerusalem” 44:17 clp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Then we will be filled with food and will prosper, without experiencing any disaster 0 The people of Judah thought they would prosper because the queen of heaven would bless them if they worshiped her. 44:17 u8y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Then we will be filled with food 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then we will have plenty of food” 44:18 ux4h 0 # General Information:\n\nThe remnant of the people living in Egypt continue to speak. Beginning in 44:19, the women address Jeremiah. 44:18 hs8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy were dying by sword and famine 0 Here “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers were killing some of us and some of us were dying of hunger” 44:19 dne8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion was it against our husbands that we did these things … to her? 0 The women were claiming to be innocent because their husband approved of what they were doing. Alternate translation: “our husbands knew what we were doing … to her.” 44:19 ec3w cakes in her image 0 These were probably small cakes shaped like stars or the crescent moon. 44:21 qc2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Did not Yahweh remember … of the land? 0 Jeremiah uses a question to scold the people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh certainly knew about … of the land.” 44:21 ir8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism For Yahweh calls this to mind; it comes to his thoughts 0 Both of these phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that Yahweh knows that the people were worshiping false gods. Alternate translation: “Yes, Yahweh knows what you were doing, and he does not forget” 44:22 a6w5 was no longer able to bear it 0 Alternate translation: “was no longer able to tolerate it” 44:22 t1fz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns because of the abominations that you did 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **abominations**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “things he hated.” Alternate translation: “because you did things that he hated” 44:22 x1jw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Then your land became a desolation, a horror, and a curse so there was no longer an inhabitant as at this present day 0 This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “a desolation,” “a horror,” and “a curse.” Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh caused it so that no one lives in the land. He made it a desolate and horrifying place. People use its name to curse others. And this is how it is even to this day” 44:23 z7ak rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit burned incense 0 Why people burn incense can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “burned incense to false gods” 44:23 m5km rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you would not listen to his voice 0 Here “voice” refers to Yahweh’s commands. Alternate translation: “you would not obey his commands” 44:24 lr74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all of Judah 0 Here “Judah” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah” 44:25 q7r5 Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 44:25 rst9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche have said with your mouths and carried out with your hands what you said 0 Here “mouths” and “hands” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “have done what you promised to do when you said” 44:25 nwz1 carry out the vows 0 Alternate translation: “fulfill the vows” or “complete the vows” 44:25 lq9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony Now fulfill your vows; carry them out 0 This is an ironic statement. Yahweh does not really want them to fulfill their vow to a false goddess. Yahweh knows they will not listen to him so he tells them to go ahead and do what they want. Alternate translation: “Very well! If that is what you want to do, then go fulfill your vows and do what you promised to do” 44:25 vw9i Now 0 The word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. 44:26 vwq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all of Judah 0 Here “Judah” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah” 44:26 d9iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy My name will no longer be called upon by the mouths of any of the men of Judah in all the land of Egypt 0 Here “name” represents the whole being of Yahweh. And, “mouth” represents the whole person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No person of Judah living in the land of Egypt will ever call upon me again” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 44:26 n652 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom As the Lord Yahweh lives 0 “as surely as the Lord Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you transited “As Yahweh lives” [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” or “I solemnly swear by the Lord Yahweh” 44:27 c948 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole Every person of Judah in the land of Egypt will perish by sword and famine until they are all finished 0 Here “Every person” is a generalization that means “very many people.” Also, “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Nearly every person of Judah in the land of Egypt will die. Enemies will kill many of them and many of them will starve to death until there is very few of them left” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 44:28 ar61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Then the survivors of the sword 0 Here “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Then those whom the enemies do not kill” 44:29 vj4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I am setting against you 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I am opposed to you” 44:29 g448 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification my words will certainly attack you with disaster 0 Yahweh causing disaster on the people as he promised is spoken of as if his word would attack them. Alternate translation: “what I have said will happen and you will have a disaster” 44:30 wm1f Look 0 Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention” 44:30 fk1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I am about to give Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies and into the hand of those who seek to kill him 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I will allow the enemies who want to kill Pharaoh Hophra, the king of Egypt, to defeat him” 44:30 k1p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hophra 0 This is the name of a man. 44:30 sf5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy when I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, his enemy who sought his life 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. And, Nebuchadnezzar represents his whole army. The phrase “sought his life” is an idiom that means to want to kill someone. Alternate translation: “when I allowed the army of Nebuchadnezzar to defeat Zedekiah king of Judah” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 45:intro m5sy 0 # Jeremiah 45 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter forms a break in the narrative sequence. It records prophecies that have already occurred. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) 45:1 n8gv this was in the fourth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah 0 This information can be placed at the beginning of 45:1 as in the UST. 45:1 uid7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis in the fourth year of Jehoiakim 0 The words “of the rule” are understood. Alternate translation: “in the fourth year of the rule of Jehoiakim” 45:1 d24t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal fourth year 0 The word “fourth” is the ordinal form of the number four. 45:1 w799 he said 0 Alternate translation: “Jeremiah said to Baruch” 45:3 vg45 for Yahweh has added agony to my pain 0 Alternate translation: “for I was already suffering and now Yahweh causes me to be sad as well” 45:3 jwx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns My groaning has wearied me 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **groaning**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “cry.” Alternate translation: “I am tired because I cry so much” 45:4 sdw1 This is what you must say to him 0 Yahweh is telling Jeremiah what to say to Baruch. 45:5 jtj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion But are you hoping for great things for yourself? 0 Yahweh uses a question to state that he knows Baruch is hoping for others to treat him in a special way. Alternate translation: “I know you hope for great things for yourself.” or “I know you hope others will honor you.” 45:5 m1dh For see 0 Alternate translation: “For understand” or “Be aware” 45:5 n1jc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor your life as your plunder everywhere you will go 0 Allowing Baruch to escape and remain alive is spoken of as if his life were plunder that he would take after a battle. Alternate translation: “but wherever you go, I will protect you and allow you to live” 45:5 a5tu plunder 0 things stolen from a place by force 46:intro ul65 0 # Jeremiah 46 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 46:3–12, 14–24.\n\nThis begins a section where Jeremiah prophesies about other nations. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Justice\n\nMuch of Jeremiah is concerned with Yahweh’s punishment of Judah. Yahweh used Egypt to punish Judah. Because Yahweh is just, he is going to punish Egypt for their evil deeds as well. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Battle preparations\n\nJeremiah commands the Egyptian army to prepare for battle, even though they will not be able to defend themselves. Their punishment has already been determined by Yahweh. 46:1 sfw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 46:1 e496 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” 46:2 q4ql For Egypt 0 This phrase indicates this message is intended for the nation of Egypt. 46:2 zfd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Necho 0 This is the name of a man. 46:2 dv75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Carchemish 0 This is the name of a city on the west bank of the Euphrates. 46:2 tsq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon 0 Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. Alternate translation: “that the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” 46:2 nsv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in the fourth year of Jehoiakim 0 This refers to the fourth year of Jehoiakim’s reign. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “in the fourth year of the reign of Jehoiakim” 46:2 v9gg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the fourth year 0 The word “fourth” is the ordinal form of “four.” 46:4 vhi9 Put the harness on the horses; mount up on the horses 0 A “harness” is a set of straps placed on a horse so that it can pull a chariot. Here “mount up on the horses” means that the soldiers rode in the chariots that the horses were pulling. 46:4 z233 helmets 0 A helmet is armor which protects the head in battle. 46:4 v58m polish the spears 0 This phrase means to “sharpen” the spear. 46:5 nj2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What am I seeing here? 0 The word “I” here refer to Yahweh. Yahweh uses a question to introduce the vision and to draw attention to what he says next. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at what is happening here” 46:5 hry1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns They are filled with terror 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “terrified.” Alternate translation: “The Egyptian soldiers are terrified” 46:6 gr1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet the swift cannot run away, and the soldiers cannot escape 0 These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that no one, not even the strongest and fastest, can escape. The nominal adjective “the swift” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “even the swiftest soldier cannot escape” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) 46:6 bv4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism They stumble in the north and fall beside the Euphrates River 0 Both statements mean the same thing. Being and dying in battle is spoken of as if the soldiers stumble and fall. Alternate translation: “The Egyptian soldiers suffer defeat and die in the north by the Euphrates River” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 46:7 j7fk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who is this who rises like the Nile … the rivers? 0 Yahweh uses a question to draw attention to what he is about to say concerning Egypt. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at who rises like the Nile … the rivers.” 46:8 n8ng rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Egypt rises like the Nile 0 The Nile river floods its banks once a year, covering the surrounding area with water. Yahweh compares the kingdom of Egypt to the Nile because the Egyptian people think they are mighty enough to destroy cities in all the lands. 46:8 udt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Egypt rises … Egypt says … I will 0 Here “Egypt” represents all the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “The Egyptians rise … The Egyptians say … We will” 46:9 ew5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Go up, horses. Be angry, you chariots 0 Here “horses” and “chariots” represent the soldiers who use horses and chariots in battle. The leaders of Egypt are ordering their soldiers to start the battle. Alternate translation: “Go up to battle, you soldiers on horses. Fight furiously, you soldiers in chariots” 46:9 a538 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Let the soldiers go out, Cush and Put, men skillful with a shield 0 This command can be addressed directly to the soldiers. What they were to go out for can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “You soldiers from Cush and Put, who are skillful with your shields, go out to battle” 46:9 fz8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Cush … Put 0 These are biblical names for the countries of Ethiopia and Libya. 46:9 c8vs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis Ludim, men skillful at bending their bows 0 The ideas of soldiers and going out to battle are understood from earlier in the sentence. They can be repeated. This command can also be addressed directly to the soldiers. Alternate translation: “you soldiers from Lud, who are skillful at bending your bows, go out to battle” 46:9 mem7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ludim 0 This is the name of the people group from the nation of Lud. Lud is the biblical name for Lydia. 46:9 awb5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom skillful at bending their bows 0 The phrase “bend the bow” means to pull the string of the bow back with an arrow in order to shoot the arrow. Alternate translation: “skillful at shooting arrows from their bows” or “skillful with the bow and arrow” 46:10 k221 That day 0 This phrase refers to the day the Egyptians lose the battle to the Babylonians. 46:10 kb95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person for the Lord Yahweh of hosts, and he will avenge himself on his foes 0 Yahweh speaks of himself in third person. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “for me, Lord Yahweh of hosts, and I will avenge myself on my foes” 46:10 xmi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism The sword will devour and be satisfied. It will drink its fill of their blood 0 This speaks of Yahweh’s sword as if it were devouring people and drinking blood. Both these phrases are saying similar thing and are combined to emphasize that there will be complete destruction. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy my enemy. It will be like my sword devours them and gets drunk on their blood” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 46:10 c3fe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The sword will devour 0 Yahweh punishing and killing his enemies is spoken of as if he would use a sword to kill them. 46:10 i9dw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For there will be a sacrifice 0 Yahweh avenging himself by causing the Egyptians to lose in battle against the Babylonians is spoken of as if the Egyptian army would be a sacrifice to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “For the Egyptians will be like a sacrifice” 46:11 h7iu 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh finishes his declaration to Egypt. 46:11 b1x3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony Go up to Gilead and obtain medicine 0 Gilead was a region famous for having people skillful with medicine. Yahweh is mocking the Egyptians by telling them to go get medicine, but he knows it will not help them. 46:11 k73x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor virgin daughter of Egypt 0 The people of Egypt are spoken of as if they were the virgin daughter of Egypt. Alternate translation: “people of Egypt” 46:12 m6ni disgrace 0 This word means a condition of feeling ashamed or the loss of respect. 46:12 xc2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The earth is filled with your laments 0 Here “earth” is a metonym for the people of the earth and a generalization for the people who know what has happened to Egypt. All the people of the earth hearing the Egyptians crying is spoken of as if their laments filled the earth. Alternate translation: “All the people of the earth hear you crying” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 46:12 jk5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor for soldier stumbles against soldier; both of them fall together 0 Soldiers dying in battle is spoken of as if they were stumbling and falling down. Alternate translation: “for your soldiers die in battle” 46:13 q31x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy when Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon 0 Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. Alternate translation: “when the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” 46:13 jr9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the land of Egypt 0 Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the people of Egypt” or “the Egyptians” 46:14 g5lu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Migdol 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 44:1](../44/01.md). 46:14 qy9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Memphis … Tahpanhes 0 Translate the names of these cities as you did in [Jeremiah 2:16](../02/16.md). 46:14 b4vr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the sword will devour those around you 0 The word “sword” here represents soldiers carrying weapons. The enemy soliders killing people is spoken of as if their swords were devouring people. Alternate translation: “your enemies will kill people all around you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 46:15 a8tg Why are your mighty ones face-down on the ground? They will not stand 0 Some Bibles translate this as “Why has Apis fled? Why did your bull not stand?” Apis was an Egyptian god that was represented by the form of a bull. The bull is often a symbol for strength. That is why the ULT and other versions of the Bible translate this as “strong ones” or “mighty ones,” which refers to soldiers. 46:15 i1pz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why are your mighty ones face-down on the ground? They will not stand 0 Yahweh uses a question to mock the strength of the Egyptian soldiers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your soldiers are face-down on the ground and will not stand” 46:16 a5tm He increases the numbers of those who stumble 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh causes more and more of your soldiers to stumble” 46:16 c7x1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Let us leave this sword that is beating us down 0 Here “sword” represents the enemy soldiers who are carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Let us run away from our enemies because they are killing us” 46:17 bd2w They proclaimed there 0 This could mean: (1) “they” refers to people in general who are in Egypt or (2) “they” refers to the foreign soldiers who are fleeing to their native lands of Cush, Put, and Lud. 46:17 kv5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Pharaoh the king of Egypt is only a noise, one who has let his opportunity slip away 0 These two phrases are saying that the nation of Egypt has become of little importance. The phrase “only a noise” is an idiom that means a person says he will do something but he does not do it. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh brags much but cannot do what he brags he will” 46:18 a2ci rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person declares the King 0 Here “King” refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “this is what I, the King, declare” 46:18 gmj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile someone will come like Mount Tabor and Mount Carmel by the sea 0 This refers to the nation of Babylon who will be as overwhelming to the nation of Egypt as the these two mountains are to the plains that surround them. 46:18 t2bs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Tabor 0 This is the name of a mountain in the northern part of Israel. 46:19 n24i Pack for yourselves baggage to carry into exile 0 Alternate translation: “Prepare to go into exile” 46:20 nf61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Egypt is a very beautiful young cow 0 The nation of Egypt, which was very strong and prosperous, is spoken of as if it were a beautiful young cow. Alternate translation: “Egypt is like a very beautiful heifer” 46:20 pcx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor but a stinging insect 0 The enemy army coming to attack the Egyptians is spoken of as if the army were an insect that stings. Alternate translation: “but a powerful army like a stinging insect” 46:21 duz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile soldiers in her midst are like a fattened bull 0 The writer compares soldiers to “fattened bulls” because the soldiers are well cared for by the Egyptians just as a farmer takes care of a bull and makes it fat. 46:21 y6gt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom They will not stand together 0 To “stand together” is an idiom meaning to remain united. The writer is saying that the soldiers will not fight as a unit but will run away thinking only of saving themselves. 46:21 h8zt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the day of their disaster is coming against them 0 This speaks of a day as if it travels and arrives in a location. Alternate translation: “they will experience disaster on that day” 46:22 pc27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Egypt hisses like a snake and crawls away 0 The inability of the Egyptians to do anything to stop their enemy is spoken of as if they were snakes that can only hiss and crawl away. 46:22 z1yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile They are going toward her like woodcutters with axes 0 The enemies coming with the weapons to destroy the Egyptians is spoken of as if they were woodcutters with axes preparing to cut down a tree. 46:23 q15l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They will cut down the forests … although it is very dense 0 This continues speaking of the enemy army attacking the Egyptians as if the army were woodcutters cutting down trees. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will kill many Egyptians like woodcutters cutting down a forest … even though there are very many trees” 46:23 p42g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 46:23 gvh6 locusts 0 This is a type of insect that travels in very large groups and can cause great destruction by eating crops. 46:23 dl76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive unable to be counted 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will be able to count them” 46:24 ut6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The daughter of Egypt will be made ashamed 0 The people of Egypt are spoken of as if they were the daughter of Egypt. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will humiliate the people of Egypt” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 46:24 n1ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy She will be given into the hand of people from the north 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, will allow the people from the north to defeat the Egyptians” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 46:25 v4iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Amon of Thebes 0 “Amon” is the king of the Egyptian gods. “Thebes” is the capital of the northern part of Egypt, and here it represents the people of Thebes. Alternate translation: “Amon, god of Thebes” or “Amon, god of the people of Thebes” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 46:25 au2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Egypt and her gods 0 Here “Egypt” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Egypt and the gods they worship” 46:26 pq89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I am giving them into the hand of the ones seeking their lives 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. The phrase “seeking their lives” is an idiom that mean to want to kill someone. Alternate translation: “I will allow those who are wanting to kill them to defeat them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 46:26 n18z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his servants 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. “Nebuchadnezzar … his servants” names specifically “the ones seeking their lives.” Alternate translation: “that is, I will allow Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his servants to defeat the Egyptians” 46:26 zb51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Then after this Egypt will be inhabited 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then after this, people will live in Egypt again” 46:27 cfi7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism my servant Jacob, do not fear. Do not be dismayed, Israel 0 These two phrases mean the same thing. Here “Jacob” and “Israel” represent the people of Israel. Yahweh is emphasizing that the people should not be afraid. Alternate translation: “people of Israel, my servants, do not be afraid” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 46:27 n8yh from the land of their captivity 0 Alternate translation: “from the land where they are captives” 46:28 r2ij rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I will bring complete destruction against all the nations 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy all the nations” 46:28 h92x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives will certainly not leave you unpunished 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will certainly punish you” 47:intro y84e 0 # Jeremiah 47 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 47:2–7.\n\nJeremiah’s prophesies about other nations continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Flood waters\n\nThis chapter uses the imagery of a flood to describe the enemies who conquer the Philistines. Their destruction will be swift and complete. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 47:1 up7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh that came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” 47:1 z4d3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom This word came to him 0 The idiom “this word came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave this message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah” 47:1 n7b3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy before Pharaoh 0 Here “Pharaoh” represents the Egyptians army. Alternate translation: “before Pharaoh’s army” 47:2 br4s See 0 The word “see” alerts us to pay attention to what is about to be said. 47:2 na2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism floods of water are rising in the north. They will be like an overflowing river! 0 The two phrases have a similar meaning. The enemy army is spoken of as if it were a flood. Alternate translation: “an army in the north will come like a flood. They will be powerful like an overflowing river” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 47:2 wnx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they will overflow the land 0 This continues speaking of the army from the north as an overflowing river. Alternate translation: “like an overflowing river, the army from the north will destroy the land” 47:3 yv46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism At the sound of the stamping of their strong horses’ hooves, at the roar of their chariots and the noise of their wheels 0 Together these represent the sounds of an oncoming army. 47:3 yya7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet at the roar of their chariots and the noise of their wheels 0 These two phrase have similar meanings and they are combined to emphasize the loud noise they will make. Alternate translation: “at the very loud sound of the wheels of the chariots” 47:4 q4r1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For the day is coming that will devastate all of the Philistines, to cut off from Tyre 0 This speaks of a day as if it were something that travels and arrives in a place. Alternate translation: “For on that day, the enemy army will devastate all of the Philistines and cut off from Tyre” 47:4 f7br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to cut off from Tyre and Sidon every survivor who wants to help them 0 Removing someone is spoken of as if they were cut off the way a person may cut a branch from a tree or a piece of cloth from a garment. Alternate translation: “to remove anyone who may want to help Tyre and Sidon” 47:4 g199 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Caphtor 0 This is the name of an island of the northern region of the Philistines. 47:5 u8ep rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Baldness will come upon Gaza 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **baldness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “bald.” “Gaza” represents the people. Alternate translation: “The people of Gaza will shave their heads bald” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 47:5 yv2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction Baldness 0 The shaving of the entire head or portions of the head is a sign of great sorrow practiced by idol worshipers in nations such as Philistia. 47:5 dw3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism the people … will be made silent 0 This could mean: (1) the people will be silent because they are mourning or (2) this is a euphemism that means the enemy soldiers will kill them. 47:5 m4h3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How long will you cut yourself in mourning? 0 Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people of Ashkelon will never stop mourning. Yahweh speaks to the people as if he were speaking to one woman, who is a metaphor for the city itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will forever cut yourselves in mourning.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) 47:5 f7f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction cut yourself in mourning 0 The cutting of one’s skin was another practice done by the idol worshipers when they mourn the dead. 47:6 eck8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification sword of Yahweh! How long will it be until you become silent? Go back to your scabbard! Stop and be silent. 0 The Philistines speak to the sword of Yahweh as if it were a person who could hear them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you who are holding your sword! When will you stop striking us with your sword? Stop your sword and put it back in its scabbard!” 47:6 m6j8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor sword of Yahweh 0 Yahweh punishing the Philistines by sending the army from the north is spoken of as if Yahweh were striking them with a sword. 47:6 cid1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How long will it be until you become silent? 0 The people of the Philistines use this question to express their deep frustration about the devastation caused by their enemies. This may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Please be silent!” or “Please, Yahweh, stop striking us with your sword!” 47:6 r4br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom you become silent 0 A sword makes a noise as it slashes back and forth. Asking the sword to be silent means to ask it to stop slashing and killing. Alternate translation: “you rest” or “you stop slashing” 47:6 hg5n scabbard 0 This is the case used to protect the blade of a sword. 47:7 x3p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification How can it rest … along the sea? 0 Here Jeremiah is speaking. He continues speaking of the sword of Yahweh as if it were a person who could rest. Yahweh punishing the Philistines by sending the army of the north is spoken of as if Yahweh were striking the people with a sword. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It cannot rest … along the sea.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 47:7 w3uj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How can it rest when Yahweh has commanded it, when he has ordered … the sea? 0 Jeremiah uses a question to mean that the sword cannot stop since Yahweh has commanded it to continue killing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It cannot stop, for Yahweh has commanded it. He has ordered … the sea.” 48:intro d44i 0 # Jeremiah 48 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 48:1–25, 28–33, 39–47.\n\nJeremiah’s prophesies about other nations continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Obeying Yahweh\n\nMoab worshiped and served other gods. Despite this, Yahweh expected every nation to worship and serve him and him alone. They were punished because of it. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) 48:1 r24j rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 48:1 kuu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy To Moab 0 Here “Moab” represents the people. Alternate translation: “To the people of Moab” 48:1 tu4z Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 48:1 xw9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Woe to Nebo, for it has been devastated 0 Here “Nebo” represents the people. Alternate translation: “How terrible it is for the people of Nebo, for their city is devastated” 48:1 b21z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nebo 0 This is the name of a city near Mount Nebo in Moab. 48:1 vv99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Kiriathaim has been humiliated 0 Here “Kiriathaim has been humiliated” represents the people being humiliated. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy has captured the city of Kiriathaim and humiliated the people who live there” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 48:1 e7lp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kiriathaim 0 This is the name of a city in Moab. 48:1 w4q3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Her fortress has been disgraced 0 Here “fortress has been disgraced” represents the people being disgraced. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy has destroyed the fortress in Kiriathaim and disgraced its people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 48:2 f8nr The honor of Moab is no more 0 Alternate translation: “People no longer honor Moab” or “People no longer praise Moab” 48:2 hq3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heshbon 0 This is the name of a city. 48:2 dmn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Madmen will also perish 0 “Madmen” here is a town in Moab. The name of the city has nothing to do with the English word “madmen.” Alternate translation: “Their enemies will destroy the city of Madmen” 48:2 ie7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a sword will go after you 0 Here “sword” represents the enemy army carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “your enemies will chase after you and kill you” 48:3 f5ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Horonaim 0 This is the name of a town in the south of Moab. 48:3 ue2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ruin and great destruction 0 These two terms mean the same thing. Together they emphasize complete destruction. 48:4 u8km rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Moab has been destroyed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy army has destroyed Moab” 48:4 h6mu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Her children 0 This could mean: (1) the children who lived in Moab or (2) “children” is a metonym that represents the people of Moab in general. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab” 48:5 uj9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Luhith 0 This is the name of a place in Moab. 48:5 cpt9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns because of the destruction 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroyed.” Alternate translation: “because their town is destroyed” 48:6 lhh3 Save your lives 0 The word “your” refers to the people of Moab. 48:6 kv9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile become like a juniper bush in the wilderness 0 The people fleeing from their cities into the desert is compared to a bush or shrub that grows in the desert. Alternate translation: “become like a shrub that grows in the wilderness” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 48:7 gkg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns because of your trust 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **trust**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “because you trusted” 48:7 z18z in your practices 0 Alternate translation: “in your own efforts” or “in your own work” 48:7 v42e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you also will be captured 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the enemy army will also capture you” 48:7 x4hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Then Chemosh will go away into captivity 0 “Chemosh” is the chief god of the Moabites. This means the enemy army will take the idol of Chemosh that the people made to worship. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will take your god Chemosh as a captive” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 48:8 uxi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit For the destroyer will come to every city 0 Here “the destroyer” represents the enemy army. Alternate translation: “For the enemy army will come to every city and destroy it” 48:8 wca7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy no city will escape 0 Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “no people from any city will escape” 48:8 e6c4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy So the valley will perish and the plain will be devastated 0 Here “valley” and “plain” represent the cities and the people in those places Alternate translation: “So the enemy army will destroy everything in the valleys and on the plains” 48:9 jd6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Give wings to Moab, for she must certainly fly away 0 Helping the people is spoken of as if they would put wings on the people so that could fly away. Alternate translation: “Help the people of Moab to escape as if you were giving them wings to fly away” 48:9 eq9z Give wings to Moab, for she must certainly fly away 0 The translation of the original language is uncertain. Some Bibles translate this as “Set up a tombstone for Moab, for the enemy will certainly destroy it.” Other Bibles translate it as “Put salt on the cities of Moab, for the enemy will completely destroy it.” Enemies through salt on ruins to keep thing from ever growing there again. 48:10 c5zb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from shedding blood 0 Here “blood” represents a person’s life. And “shedding blood” is an idiom that means to kill. Alternate translation: “from killing people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 48:11 lvs4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Moab has felt secure since he was young … He is … his wine … He has never gone … he tastes … his flavor 0 Here Yahweh speaks of Moab as if it were a man. Here it represents the people of Moab. All occurrences of “he” and “his” can be stated as “they,” “their,” or “them.” Alternate translation: “Even from their earliest times, the people of Moab have felt secure … They are … their wine … They have never gone … they tastes … their flavor” 48:11 tpx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit He is like his wine that has never been poured from pot to pot 0 For wine to taste good, it has to be left undisturbed for a long time and not poured from one pot to another. Yahweh compares the people of Moab, who are prosperous because no one has ever conquered them and taken them as captives, to wine that is undisturbed and has a good flavor. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 48:12 mt13 So see, the days are coming 0 Alternate translation: “Listen carefully because there will be a time” 48:12 p3kf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 48:12 z48t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will send him those who will tip him over and pour out all his pots and shatter his jars 0 The enemy army defeating the people of Moab and taking them as captives is spoken of as if the people of Moab are wine and someone will come and pour them out and break the wine jars. Alternate translation: “I will send an army that will destroy them as if they were pouring out wine and breaking the jars” 48:12 nky7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification send him … tip him over … his pots … his jars 0 Here Yahweh speaks of Moab as if it were a man. Here it represents the people of Moab. All occurrences of “he,” “his,” and “him” in 48:11–12 can be stated as “they,” “their,” or “them.” Alternate translation: “send them … tip them over … their pots … their jars” 48:13 le7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Then Moab 0 Here “Moab” represents the people. Alternate translation: “Then the people of Moab” 48:13 biu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Chemosh 0 Chemosh is the chief god of the Moabites. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:7](../48/07.md). 48:13 qrf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” 48:13 fr2l Bethel 0 This could mean: (1) this refers to the city of Bethel where the Israelites worshiped a golden calf or (2) Bethel is the name of a false god the Israelites worshiped. 48:14 r8r7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How can you say, ‘We are soldiers, powerful fighting men’? 0 Here Yahweh is speaking to the soldiers of Moab. Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the soldiers. Alternate translation: “No longer can you say, ‘We are soldiers, powerful fighting men.’” 48:15 z5yr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Moab will be devastated and its cities attacked 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will devastate Moab and attack its cities” 48:15 b73e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor its finest young men have gone down to the place of slaughter 0 The best men of Moab going to battle and being killed is spoken of as if they were animals taken to a place to be slaughtered. Alternate translation: “their fine young men will all be slaughtered” or “the enemy army will kill all of the finest men of Moab” 48:15 x1zc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person This is the king’s declaration 0 Here “king” refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 46:18](../46/18.md). Alternate translation: “This is what I, the king, declare” 48:16 f7i9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Moab’s disaster is soon to happen; calamity is hurrying quickly 0 These two sentences mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Moab’s destruction will happen very soon. Alternate translation: “Moab’s enemies will destroy her very soon” 48:16 u5tf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor calamity is hurrying quickly 0 Something terrible happening soon is spoken of as if calamity were something that could move quickly to a place. Alternate translation: “terrible things will happen very soon” 48:17 l1hb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the strong staff, the honored rod, has been broken 0 Here the words “staff” and “rod” represent the power and political support that Moab provided to other nations. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moab’s enemies have ended her great power” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 48:18 f8bi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you daughter living in Dibon 0 The people of Dibon are spoken of as if they were the daughter of Dibon. Alternate translation: “you people living in Dibon” 48:18 l7bv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Dibon 0 This is the name of a city in Moab. 48:18 y9wk the one who will destroy Moab 0 Alternate translation: “the enemy army that will destroy Moab” 48:19 l7di rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Aroer 0 This is the name of a city in Moab. 48:19 vrl3 Ask the ones 0 Alternate translation: “Ask the people” or “Ask the men and women” 48:20 zk9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Moab has been shamed, for it has been shattered 0 Here “Moab” represents the people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people are disgraced, for the enemy army has destroyed Moab” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 48:20 lmj3 Howl and lament 0 Alternate translation: “Cry loudly in pain and anger” 48:20 zl7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that Moab has been devastated 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the enemy army has devastated Moab” 48:21 m1zb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive punishment has come to the hill country, to Holon … Mephaath 0 Yahweh punishing the people of the hill country and cities of Moab is spoken of as if punishment were something that could travel and arrive in a place. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will punish the people of the hill country, of Holon … Mephaath” 48:21 wa5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Holon, Jahzah, and Mephaath 0 These are cities in Moab. 48:24 z44v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Bozrah 0 a city in Moab 48:25 y4ql rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism The horn of Moab has been hacked off; its arm has been broken 0 Both of these statements mean the same thing. Here “horn” and “arm” represent power. To have these hacked off or broken means to lose one’s power. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moab has become weak; the people are not able to fight anymore” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 48:25 b8p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 48:26 r5qs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative Make him drunk, because he acted proudly against Yahweh 0 Yahweh is speaking. The command “Make him drunk” indicates what Yahweh will cause to happen. Here “him” and “he” refers to Moab which represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, will cause the people of Moab to be drunk, for they acted proudly against me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 48:26 v6it rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Make him drunk 0 Here people experiencing Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if they were drunk on wine, acting foolishly so that people laugh at them. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to be like a drunk person” 48:26 lx5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Let Moab wallow in his vomit … an object of ridicule 0 Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Moab as if they were a drunk person. Alternate translation: “Now the people of Moab will be like a person who wallows in his vomit … an object of ridicule 48:26 ln6t let him be an object of ridicule 0 Alternate translation: “so that people will laugh at him” 48:27 hq3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion For did not Israel become an object for laughter to you? 0 Yahweh uses a question to remind the people of Moab how they treated the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “For you used to mock and laugh at the people of Israel.” 48:27 j56c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Israel … Was he found … at him … about him 0 Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel … Were they found … at them … about them” 48:27 ft2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Was he found among thieves, so that you shook your head … about him? 0 Here Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the people of Moab for treating the people of Israel with shame though they did nothing wrong. Alternate translation: “Although they were not thieves, you still shook your head … about him.” 48:27 s168 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction shook your head at him 0 This is a symbolic action that shows feeling of scorn or disgust towards someone. 48:28 e2f5 cliffs 0 A cliff is a steep side of a mountain. 48:28 ag7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Become like a dove … in the rocks 0 This simile emphasizes the people should leave their cities and live in the rocky cliffs to hide from their enemies. 48:28 bp3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the mouth of a hole in the rocks 0 Here “mouth of a hole” is an idiom that means the entrance to a cave. Alternate translation: “the entrance to caves” or “an opening in the rocks” 48:29 zjt4 We have heard 0 Here “We” refers generally to all the people in the surrounding area. 48:29 c6m3 arrogance … haughtiness … pride … self-glory … conceit in his heart 0 All of these words have similar meanings. They are used together to emphasize the extreme pride of the people of Moab. 48:29 qa3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the conceit in his heart 0 Here “heart” represents a person’s inner being. Alternate translation: “his conceit” 48:30 sx8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns I myself know his defiant speech 0 The word “myself” is used to emphasize that Yahweh was the one who knew about Moab’s defiant speech. 48:30 wf2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his defiant speech … like his deeds 0 Here “his” refers to Moab which represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “their defiant speech … like their deeds” 48:30 s8fk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns his defiant speech 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **speech**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “that he has spoken pridefully” or “that he has spoken arrogant words” 48:31 jtn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism I will howl a lament for Moab, and I will shout in sorrow for all of Moab 0 Both of these statements mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “I will cry loudly for the people of Moab” 48:31 cdx5 I will howl 0 This could mean: (1) “I” refers to Jeremiah or (2) “I” refers to Yahweh. 48:31 x2jk howl 0 a sad and loud cry that a person makes when he is in pain or deep sorrow 48:31 be4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kir Hareseth 0 This is the name of the old capital city of Moab. 48:32 xbx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jazer … Sibmah 0 These are the names of two towns in Moab. 48:32 xk3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor vine of Sibmah! Your branches passed … your wine 0 The town of Sibmah had many vineyards. Here, Yahweh speaks to the people of Sibmah as if there were a grapevine. Alternate translation: “people of Sibmah, who are like a grapevine with branches that passed … your wine” 48:32 z5h3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The destroyers have attacked your summer fruit and your wine 0 Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Sibmah as if they were a grapevine. Alternate translation: “The destroyers have attacked you and have taken the fruit from your vineyards and your wine” 48:32 lk5n The destroyers have 0 Alternate translation: “The enemy army has” 48:33 kv8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns So celebration and rejoicing have been taken away from the fruit trees and the land of Moab 0 The abstract nouns “celebration” and “rejoicing” can be stated as verbs. The phrase “have been taken away” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab will no longer celebrate and rejoice because of their fruit trees” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 48:33 fn4p I have put an end to the wine from their winepresses 0 Alternate translation: “I have stopped the wine from their winepresses” or “I have stopped the people from making wine” 48:33 u8yw I have put an end 0 Here “I” refers to Yahweh. 48:33 db16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They will not tread 0 The wine makers would stomp on the grapes to squeeze out the juice. Alternate translation: “The wine makers will not stomp the grapes” 48:34 hx1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heshbon 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/02.md). 48:34 zq8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Elealeh … Jahaz … Zoar … Horonaim … Eglath Shelishiyah 0 These are names of other cities in Moab. 48:34 puy7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nimrim 0 This is the name of a stream or river near the Dead Sea. 48:35 ler4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 48:36 jaw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my heart is lamenting for Moab like a flute 0 Here “heart” represents the whole person. The person’s sad crying is compared to the sad music played on a flute at a funeral. Alternate translation: “I cry sadly for Moab. My cries are like the sad music a person plays on a flute at a funeral” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 48:36 qwv8 my heart 0 This could mean: (1) “my” refers to Jeremiah or (2) “my” refers to Yahweh. 48:36 b311 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kir Hareseth 0 Kir Hareseth was an ancient capital of Moab. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:31](../48/31.md). 48:37 mzh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction For every head is bald and every beard shaved. Incisions are on every hand, and sackcloth is around their waists 0 These are all things that the people of Moab did when they were mourning or expressing deep sorrow. 48:37 t4g3 Incisions 0 cuts made on the skin 48:38 yc69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns There is mourning everywhere 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **mourning**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “There are people mourning everywhere” 48:38 vhp3 every flat roof 0 Alternate translation: “every housetop” 48:38 k4ve plazas 0 open public areas, such as open marketplaces 48:38 x6fh For I have destroyed 0 The word “I” refers to Yahweh 48:38 aj4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 48:39 bl2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations How it has been shattered! How they howl in their lamenting! 0 Here “How” begins exclamations. The phrase “has been shattered” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have completely shattered them! They shout loudly and weep!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 48:39 kh25 howl 0 a sad and loud cry that a person makes when he is in pain 48:39 n6k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Moab turns its back in shame 0 Here Moab represents the people. To turn one’s back is a sign of feeling ashamed. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab turn their backs in shame” or “The people of Moab are ashamed and will not show their faces” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 48:39 b4ii rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns So Moab will become an object of derision and a terror to all those who are around him 0 This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “derision” and “terror.” Alternate translation: “So all the people nearby will be terrified at what happened to the people of Moab and they will mock them” 48:40 m362 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile the enemy will come flying like an eagle, spreading out his wings 0 These phrases compare how a powerful army will descend on Moab and conquer it to the way an eagle swoops down to capture its prey. 48:41 bm6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Kerioth has been captured, and its strongholds have been seized 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy has captured Kerioth and seized its strongholds” 48:41 ud2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kerioth 0 This is a city in Moab. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:24](../48/24.md). 48:41 l119 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile in that day the hearts of Moab’s soldiers … women in birth labor 0 This phrase compares the fear that will overwhelm the soldiers of Moab to the fear a woman may feel when she is about to give birth to her child. 48:41 nyn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hearts of Moab’s soldiers will be like the hearts of women in birth labor 0 Here “hearts” represent a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “Moab’s soldiers will be afraid like a woman about to give birth” 48:42 a6pz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive So Moab will be destroyed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So the enemy will destroy the people of Moab” 48:43 dsi5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Terror and the pit, and a trap are coming on you 0 Here “coming on you” is an idiom that means “to experience” something. Alternate translation: “You will experience the terror, the pit, and a trap” or “You will be terrified, and you will fall into pits and traps” 48:43 r55q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 48:44 qa8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche fall into the pit … caught in the trap 0 Here “the pit” and “the trap” represent all the different bad things that will happen to the people. People will run away to escape one bad thing but they will just experience another bad thing. 48:44 n33r in the year of 0 Here, “year” could be translated as “time” or “season” or “time period.” 48:45 gbj4 The ones who flee 0 This refers to the people who were able to run away during the destruction of Moab. 48:45 jpn8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy will stand in the shadow of Heshbon 0 Here “in the shadow” represents protection or shelter. Alternate translation: “will hide in Heshbon for protection” or “will go to Heshbon for shelter” 48:45 ypv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism for fire will go out from Heshbon, flame from the middle of Sihon 0 These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that Moab’s destruction will begin and spread out from Heshbon, where King Sihon once lived. Alternate translation: because a fire will burn in Heshbon, which is the city where King Sihon lived long ago (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 48:45 r5h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heshbon 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/02.md). 48:45 m2yh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Sihon 0 This is the name of an Amorite king who once ruled over Heshbon. 48:45 ail8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche It will devour the forehead of Moab and the top of the heads of the boastful people 0 Here “forehead” and “top of the heads” represent the people of Moab as a whole. Alternate translation: “It will burn up all the people in Moab who noisily boasted very much” 48:45 rkn8 forehead 0 the part of the face that is above the eyes, but below the hairline 48:46 fd8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Chemosh’s people are destroyed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy army has destroyed the people who worship Chemosh” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 48:46 dpj3 Chemosh 0 This is the chief god of the Moabites. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 48:7](../48/07.md). 48:46 k4g8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive your sons are taken as captives and your daughters into captivity 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the enemy army has taken your sons and daughters as captives” 48:47 b2it I will restore the fortunes of Moab 0 “I will cause things to go well for Moab again” or “I will cause Moab to live well again.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md). 48:47 ei27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 48:47 i5t1 The judgment on Moab ends here 0 Alternate translation: “That is the end of what Jeremiah prophesied about Moab” 49:intro t6np 0 # Jeremiah 49 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines in 49:1–11, 14–27, 29–33, 37–39 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are part of a long quotation.\n\nJeremiah’s prophesies about other nations conclude in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Covenant with Abraham\n\nAmmon is destroyed because it drove the people of the tribe of Gad from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham’s descendants. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nThere are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these rhetorical questions is to convict those Yahweh addresses. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 49:1 q42f rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 # General Information:\n\n(See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 49:1 tz36 Yahweh says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 49:1 rj3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Does Israel have no children? Is there no one to inherit anything in Israel? Why does Molech occupy Gad, and his people live in its cities? 0 Yahweh uses a question to express that the people of Israel should be living in Gad rather than those who worship Molech. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There are plenty of Israelites to inherit the land of Israel. The people who worship the false idol, Molech, should not live in Gad.” 49:1 t5qg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Why does Molech 0 Here “Molech” represents the people who worship Molech. Alternate translation: “Why do the people who worship Molech” 49:2 lb84 So look 0 This adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look and listen” 49:2 b61d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor days are coming … when I will 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will” or “there will be a time … when I will” 49:2 i8qt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 49:2 jfb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor when I will sound the signal for battle 0 Yahweh causing an army to attack is spoken of as if he would sound the signal for the battle to start. Alternate translation: “when I will cause the enemy army to sound the signal for battle” 49:2 cl24 its villages will be set on fire 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the enemy army will burn their villages” 49:2 p4ct rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy For Israel will possess those who possessed him 0 Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. “Those” refers to people of Ammon, who represent the land that they took from Israel. Alternate translation: “Then the people of Israel will again possess the land that the people of Ammon took away from them” 49:3 ve5q Howl in lament 0 Alternate translation: “Cry loudly and weep” 49:3 ywk1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heshbon 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/02.md). Here “Heshbon” represents the people. Alternate translation: “people of Heshbon” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 49:3 kfc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive for Ai will be devastated 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for your enemies will devastate Ai” 49:3 bf53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor daughters of Rabbah 0 This could mean: (1) “daughters” represent the women who live in Rabbah. Alternate translation: “women of Rabbah” or (2) all the people in general are spoken of as if they are the daughters of Rabbah. Alternate translation: “people of Rabbah” 49:3 z6g9 for Molech is going into captivity 0 “for your enemies will take your god Molech captive.” This means the enemies will take the idol that represents Molech back to their land. 49:4 p3m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why do you brag about your valleys … daughter? 0 Yahweh uses a question to scold the people for bragging about the large amount of fruit that grows in their valleys. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not be proud of your valleys … daughter.” 49:4 ve6p Why do you brag about your valleys, your valleys that are so fruitful 0 Some versions of the Bible read, “Why do you brag about your strength, your strength which is ebbing away” 49:4 a3g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor faithless daughter 0 Here, the people of Ammon are spoken of as if they were a daughter. Alternate translation: “faithless people” or “rebellious people” 49:4 yq5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion say, ‘Who will come against me?’ 0 The Ammonites use this question to state that they do not believe anyone can defeat them. It can be reworded as an indirect statement. Alternate translation: “falsely think that no one can defeat you.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) 49:5 a2bs you 0 The word “you” refers to the people of Ammon. 49:5 wlw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns this terror will come from all those who surround you. Each one of you will be scattered before it 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with the verb “terrify.” The phrase “will be scattered” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will cause all those around you to terrify you. Each one of you flee to different directions” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 49:7 j239 Yahweh of hosts says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 49:7 j6lv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is there no longer any wisdom to be found in Teman? 0 Yahweh uses a question to scold the people of Teman for not acting wisely. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems that there are no longer any wise people in Teman!” 49:7 rhs5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Teman 0 This is the name of a district in Edom. 49:7 c4hs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Has good advice … understanding? Has their wisdom become corrupted? 0 The same idea is expressed in two different ways. 49:7 hk68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Has good advice disappeared from those who have understanding? 0 Yahweh uses this question to scold the people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems that there are no longer any wise people in Teman district in Edom!” 49:7 gu21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Has their wisdom become corrupted? 0 Yahweh uses this question to scold the people. This question may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Their advice is no longer wise.” 49:8 mu6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Dedan 0 The is the name of a city in Edom. 49:8 b1f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I am bringing the disaster of Esau on him at the time that I punish him 0 Here “Esau” represents the people of Edom. The Edomites were descendants of Esau. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Edom to experience disaster when I punish them” 49:8 wxg4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person on him … I punish him 0 Yahweh is speaking to the people of Edom. This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “on you … I punish you” 49:9 rj8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion If grape harvesters … would they not leave a little bit behind? 0 Yahweh uses a question to cause the people to think about how grape harvesters leave some grapes behind. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “If grape harvesters … they would certainly leave some grapes behind.” 49:9 j7jl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion If thieves … would they not steal only as much as they wanted? 0 Yahweh uses a question to cause the people to think about how thieves only take what they want. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “If thieves … they would only take as much as they wanted.” 49:10 fyc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor But I have stripped Esau bare 0 Yahweh causing an enemy army to come and take everything is spoken of as if Yahweh stripped all the clothes off of Esau. Alternate translation: “But I have sent an army to take everything away from Esau” 49:10 sn3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Esau … his hiding … he will not … hide himself … His children … he is gone 0 Here “Esau” represents the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom … their hiding … they will not … hide themselves … Their children … they are gone” 49:10 i22l I have revealed his hiding places 0 Alternate translation: “I have made known to the enemy soldiers where the people of Edom hide” 49:12 l9lp See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” 49:12 auj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy must certainly drink some of the cup … for you will certainly drink 0 Here “the cup” is a metonym that represents the contents in the cup that the people must drink. The people experiencing Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if Yahweh’s punishment were liquid in a cup and the people must drink it. Alternate translation: “must certainly experience my punishment … for you will certainly experience my punishment” or “I will certainly still punish … for I will certainly punish you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 49:12 h58s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you yourself think you will go without punishment? 0 Yahweh uses a question to emphasize the people of Edom have sinned and will certainly be punished. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly, you must be aware that you will personally experience my punishment for your sins.” 49:12 fb4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you yourself 0 The words “you” and “yourself” refer to Edom, which represents the people of Edom. The word “yourself” is used to draw attention to the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “you yourselves” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) 49:13 g6tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 49:13 g35q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Bozrah will become a horror, a disgrace, a devastation, and an object for cursing 0 The abstract nouns “a horror,” “a disgrace,” and “a devastation” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “People will be horrified when they see that the city of Bozrah is devastated. And they will mock the city and use its name when they curse others” 49:13 u174 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Bozrah 0 This is the name of a city in Edom. 49:13 d9vp All of its cities 0 Alternate translation: “All of Edom’s cities” 49:14 ly1e 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah is now speaking to the people of Edom. 49:14 h7yn I have heard 0 The word “I” refers to Jeremiah. 49:14 vb6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a messenger has been sent out 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has sent out a messenger” 49:14 z9ze rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis to the nations, ‘Gather together … for battle.’ 0 It is understood “Gather together” is the beginning of the messenger’s message. Alternate translation: “to tell the nations, ‘Gather together … for battle.’” or “to the nations, and he will tell them, ‘Gather together … for battle.’” 49:14 uw6a attack her 0 The word “her” refers to Edom. 49:15 pdt6 I have made you 0 The word “I” refers to Yahweh. Here “you” refers to the nation of Edom. 49:15 g33b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit made you small 0 Here “small” represents having the least political importance. Alternate translation: “made you least important” 49:15 wr35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive despised by people 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and people despise you” 49:16 l7en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns As for your fearsomeness 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fearsomeness**, you can express the same idea with either an adjective or a verb. Alternate translation: “As for how terrifying you think you are” or “Although you think you scare other people” 49:16 kjt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your heart’s pride has deceived you 0 Here “heart” represents the whole person. People deceiving themselves is spoken of as if their pride deceived them. Alternate translation: “you have become prideful, but you have deceived yourselves” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 49:16 mwf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit so that you may make your nest high like an eagle 0 It is implied that the people made homes in high places to remain safe from enemies. Alternate translation: “live in safety like an eagle in the heights of the mountains” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 49:16 v7eu eagle 0 This is a very large, powerful bird of prey. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:13](../04/13.md). 49:16 lr1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 49:17 hj17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Edom will become a horror to everyone passing by it 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **horror**, you can express the same idea with the verb “horrified.” Alternate translation: “The people passing by will be horrified when they what happened to Edom” 49:17 n5jw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction tremble and hiss 0 The word “hiss” refers to a sound that shows horror or awe. Alternate translation: “shake from fear and gasp” 49:18 ihe5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism no one will live there; no person will stay there 0 Yahweh says the same thing twice to emphasize that Edom will be completely uninhabited. 49:19 f4y5 See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” 49:19 r4k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile he will go up like a lion from the forests of the Jordan to the green pasturelands 0 This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “When I punish the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of forest and attacks sheep in the pasture” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) 49:19 k55q pasturelands 0 This is land covered with grass where animals feed on the grass. 49:19 yjn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Edom run from it 0 Here “Edom” represents the people. “It” refers to the land. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom will run from their land” 49:19 c4yq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who will be chosen 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom I will choose” 49:19 l6pt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion For who is like me, and who will summon me? 0 Yahweh uses the question to emphasize that no one is like him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “For no one is like me, no one can summon me.” 49:19 j5u5 who will summon me 0 Alternate translation: “who will challenge me” or “who will call me to account” 49:19 y36a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What shepherd is able to resist me? 0 Yahweh uses the question to show no one can defeat him. Here “shepherd” is a metaphor for “king” or “ruler.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No king is able to resist me!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 49:20 kqc2 the inhabitants of Teman 0 Alternate translation: “the people who live in Teman” 49:20 yyc7 Teman 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 49:7](../49/07.md). 49:20 x5ym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They will certainly be dragged away, even the smallest flock 0 This continues speaking of Yahweh punishing the people of Edom as if he would come like a lion and attack the sheep. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will drag them away, even the smallest flock” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 49:20 k44h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor even the smallest flock 0 Here the youngest and weakest people of Edom are spoken of as if they are the smallest flock of sheep. Alternate translation: “even the weakest and the smallest people” 49:20 qbe4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Their pasturelands will be turned into ruined places 0 Here the land of Edom is spoken of as if it were pasturelands for flocks. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will turn their pasturelands into ruined places” or “He will completely get rid of the people who live there” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 49:21 c9gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor At the sound of their falling the earth shakes 0 The loud sound of Edom being destroyed is spoken of as if Edom were a large object that shakes the earth when it falls. Alternate translation: “When enemies come and destroy Edom, the noise will be extremely loud, with the result that the earth will shake” 49:21 mw81 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The sound of distressed shouts is heard at the Sea of Reeds 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People at the Sea of Reeds will hear the people of Edom crying” 49:22 u1u7 See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” 49:22 u5hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile someone will attack like an eagle, and swoop down and spread his wings 0 This simile means that when the enemy army attacks it will be vicious and unexpected. 49:22 fk85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Bozrah 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:24](../48/24.md). 49:22 u2ir rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hearts of Edom’s soldiers will become like the heart of a woman in birth labor 0 Here “hearts” represent a person’s emotions. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 48:41](../48/41.md). Alternate translation: “Edom’s soldiers will be afraid like a woman about to give birth” 49:23 v81s 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh tells what will happen to the people of Damascus. 49:23 yc2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Hamath and Arpad will be ashamed 0 Here “Hamath” and “Arpad” represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people who live in Hamath and Arpad will be ashamed” 49:23 ecb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hamath and Arpad 0 These are cities in Syria. 49:23 tpi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They melt away 0 A person being afraid is spoken of as if the person were melting. Alternate translation: “They are very afraid” 49:23 pe7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile They become as troubled as the sea, which cannot stay calm 0 The water of the sea is always moving and is never still. This is compared to the people who cannot rest because they are so anxious about the bad news they heard. 49:24 tg9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Damascus has become very weak. It turns … seizes it 0 Here “Damascus” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people of Damascus have become very weak. They turn … seizes them” 49:24 ik2u terror seizes it 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with the verb “terrified.” Alternate translation: “Damascus is terrified” or “The people of Damascus are terrified” 49:24 b8u2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Distress and pain seize it, like the pain of a woman giving birth 0 This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “distress” and “pain.” The people are compared to a woman giving birth to emphasize their pain and fear. Alternate translation: “The people are afraid and suffering like a woman giving birth” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 49:25 u3wm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How has the city of praise not been forsaken, the town of my joy? 0 Yahweh uses a question to express that the people should have left the city. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “This famous city once caused me to rejoice, but now the people should leave it.” 49:25 c4ki How has the city of praise not been forsaken, the town of my joy? 0 Some Bibles translate this with the people of Damascus speaking. Alternate translation: “The people of Damascus say, ‘The famous city, which once made us rejoice, is now empty.’” 49:26 b744 its 0 The word “its” refers to Damascus and its people. 49:26 p99r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor its young men will fall in its plazas 0 They young men being killed is spoken of as if they will fall. Alternate translation: “enemies will kill the young men of Damascus in its plazas” 49:26 sd8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” 49:27 zq53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will light a fire 0 Causing the enemy army to light a fire is spoken of as if Yahweh will light the fire. Alternate translation: “I will cause the enemy army to light a fire” 49:27 xw47 it will devour 0 Alternate translation: “the fire will completely burn up” 49:27 ghf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ben Hadad 0 This the name or title of the king of Damascus. 49:28 vn4c 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah speaks about what will happen to Kedar. 49:28 xl4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kedar 0 This is the name of a land far to the east of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:10](../02/10.md). 49:28 fp4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hazor 0 This is the name of kingdom or district far to the east of Israel. 49:28 l7n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background now Nebuchadnezzar 0 Here “now” introduces background information about Nebuchadnezzar. 49:28 yq1x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon was going to attack 0 Here “Nebuchadnezzar” represents his army. Alternate translation: “the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon was going to attack” 49:29 mmd9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Their tents and their flocks will be taken, along with their tent curtains and all of their equipment 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Your soldiers will take their flocks, tent curtains, and all of their equipment” 49:29 mdi2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive their camels will be led away from them 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your soldiers will take their camels from them” 49:29 hri3 men will shout to them, “Terror is on every side!” 0 This could mean: (1) these are men being attacked by the enemy. Alternate translation: “men will shout, ‘We are terrified because terrible things are happening all around us!’” or (2) these are soldiers in the invading army. Alternate translation: “soldiers will shout at them, ‘Be afraid because we are all around you!’” 49:30 a8sg Flee! Wander … Turn back! 0 Here Yahweh is speaking to the people of Kedar. 49:30 dpv9 inhabitants of Hazor 0 Alternate translation: “people who live in Hazor” 49:30 f53n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 49:30 l16w devised a plan 0 Alternate translation: “made a plan” 49:31 dyc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe Arise! Attack … themselves 0 Here Yahweh is speaking to Nebuchadnezzar as if he was there listening to him. 49:31 qnr3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Attack the nation at ease, that lives in safety 0 Here “nation” represents the people living there. Alternate translation: “Attack this nation, whose people feel safe and secure” 49:31 hxk3 They … them 0 The words “They” and “them” refer to the people who feel safe and secure. 49:32 bn78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe For their camels will become plunder, and the abundance of their property will become war plunder 0 Yahweh is still speaking to Nebuchadnezzar as if he were there listening to him. This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “For your soldiers will take their camels and all of their property” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) 49:32 i9ed rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Then I will scatter to every wind 0 Here “every wind” represents the nations. Alternate translation: “Then I will send to nations in all different directions” 49:32 m49g those who cut the corners of their hair 0 This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “those who live on the edge of the wilderness.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 9:26](../09/26.md). 49:32 vge9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 49:33 kqm2 a lair of jackals 0 “a place where jackals live.” Jackals are fierce wild dogs. See how you translated “jackals” in [Jeremiah 9:11](../09/11.md). 49:33 u8xq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism No one will live there; no human being will stay there 0 These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Hazor will be completely uninhabited. 49:34 z9k4 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh is speaking about what will happen to Elam. 49:34 iy32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” 49:35 gga5 Yahweh of hosts says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 49:35 f1xj I am about to break the bowmen of Elam, the main part of their power 0 Alternate translation: “The archers made Elam very powerful, but I will stop them” 49:35 phc1 bowmen 0 men who are skilled with a bow and arrows 49:36 k5pp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will bring the four winds from the four corners of the heavens 0 Here “four winds from the four corners” is an idiom that represents wind blowing from every direction. Alternate translation: “I will cause the winds to blow from every direction” 49:36 p5sx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will bring the four winds from the four corners of the heavens 0 Here “winds” represents nations. And the nations are a synecdoche representing the armies from those nations. Causing armies to come from all directions is spoken of as if Yahweh will cause wind to blow from all directions Alternate translation: “I will bring your enemies from every direction to attack you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 49:36 hx53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to all of those winds 0 Here “winds” represents “nations.” Alternate translation: “to all those nations” 49:36 a1gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives There is no nation to which those scattered from Elam will not go 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will scatter the people of Elam to every nation on earth” 49:37 pcx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will shatter Elam 0 These words are a metonym for Yahweh causing enemies to destroy Elam. Alternate translation: “I will cause Elam’s enemies to destroy Elam” 49:37 z98d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Elam 0 the people of Elam 49:37 e227 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor those who seek their lives 0 Seeking a person’s life represents wanting or desiring to kill someone. Alternate translation: “those who want to kill them” 49:37 l2b9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will bring disaster against them 0 Yahweh causing people to experience disaster is spoken of as if he would bring disaster against them. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to experience disaster” or “I will cause terrible things to happen to them” 49:37 kkm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the sword after them 0 Here “sword” represents the enemy army carrying their weapons. Alternate translation: “the enemy army to pursue and kill them” 49:38 we6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will put my throne in Elam 0 Here “throne” represents Yahweh’s right to rule and judge as the king. Alternate translation: “I will judge the people of Elam” 49:39 s61m in later days 0 Alternate translation: “in the future” 50:intro dyn1 0 # Jeremiah 50 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 50:1–5, 6–46.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Babylon destroyed\n\nBabylon will be conquered and the Jews will return to their homeland. At this time, Babylon controlled almost the entire Near East. The fulfillment of this prophecy would have been unthinkable. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Israel\n\nThe author sometimes uses the term “Israel” to refer to the people of the old northern kingdom of Israel, and at other times to the nation of Israel as a whole. He switches between these uses several times without warning the reader. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 50:1 mzg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 # General Information:\n\nGod gives Jeremiah a message about Babylon. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 50:1 je71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom This is the word that Yahweh declared 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke” 50:1 k291 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche by the hand of Jeremiah the prophet 0 The hand is a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:2](../37/02.md). Alternate translation: “through Jeremiah, who was a prophet” 50:2 gf1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism cause them to listen … cause them to listen 0 This phrase is repeated to emphasize the importance of the command. 50:2 a85t Lift up a signal 0 Alternate translation: “Put up a sign” 50:2 q3di Babylon is taken 0 Alternate translation: “Babylon is conquered” 50:2 zzg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Bel is made ashamed. Marduk is dismayed. Its idols are put to shame; its images are dismayed 0 These lines mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh has disgraced the gods of Babylon. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 50:2 x394 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Bel … Marduk 0 These are two names for the chief god of Babylon. 50:3 g6ih arise against it … live in it 0 Here “it” refers to Babylon in both phrases. 50:3 daw4 her land 0 The word “her” refers to Babylon. 50:3 sf89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns make her land a desolation 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “destroy her land” 50:4 xb8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet In those days and at that time 0 These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the importance of that future time. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 33:15](../33/15.md). 50:4 f3j1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” 50:4 sdx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor seek Yahweh their God 0 Seeking **Yahweh their God** represents either: (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. 50:5 e8cx They will ask 0 The word “They” refers to the people of Israel or the people of Judah who are returning from Babylon to Jerusalem. 50:5 q3s7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom join ourselves to Yahweh 0 This is figurative language used to explain a spiritual connection to Yahweh. 50:5 ch4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that will not be forgotten 0 This states that the covenant will be obeyed forever. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one will forget” 50:6 fsj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor My people have been a lost flock 0 The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a group of sheep that was lost. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “My people have been like a lost flock of sheep” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 50:6 a67k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Their shepherds 0 The leaders of Israel are spoken of as if they were the shepherds of people. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “Their leaders were like shepherds who” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 50:6 zpk8 turned them around from hill to hill 0 Alternate translation: “lead them around to many different places” 50:7 h59f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor devoured them 0 Attacking the people of Israel is spoken of as if a wild animal ate them. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “devoured them like a wild animal would eat its prey” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 50:7 u3dr they sinned 0 The word “they” refers to the people of Israel. 50:7 id3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh, the hope of their ancestors 0 Yahweh is spoken of as the source of their trust. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hope**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the one whom their ancestors confidently expected to help them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 50:8 en1b 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh is speaking to his people in captivity in Babylon. 50:8 ey2s Leave from the midst of Babylon 0 This command is addressed to the people of Israel who were in exile in Babylon. 50:8 y6hx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile be like male goats that leave 0 Male goats tend to be more independent than the rest of the flock. This could mean: (1) they should be the first to leave Babylon or (2) they should lead the rest of the Israelites away from Babylon. 50:9 dns1 For see 0 The word “see” alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because” 50:9 db8i set in motion 0 Alternate translation: “stir up” 50:9 rv59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Babylon will be captured from there 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “These nations will capture Babylon” 50:9 sd99 from there 0 This could mean: (1) “from the north” or (2) “from their battle positions.” 50:9 nm58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Their arrows are like a skilled warrior who does not return empty-handed 0 The effectiveness of the arrows of the attacking nations are spoken of as if they were soldiers that always accomplish their mission. The idiom “empty-handed” means “without success.” Alternate translation: Each of their arrows are like skilled soldiers that always hit their target” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 50:10 n671 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” 50:10 wnf6 Chaldea will become plunder 0 Alternate translation: “They will plunder Chaldea” 50:11 a17k 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh is speaking to the people of Babylon. 50:11 qcl4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet You rejoice, you celebrate 0 These terms mean the same thing and are used to emphasize how happy they were to conquer Israel. Alternate translation: “You people of Babylon rejoice, celebrate” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 50:11 gt23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns You rejoice … you jump … you neigh 0 Each instance of “You” or “you” is plural and refers to the people of Babylon. 50:11 sq4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile you jump around like a calf stamping in its pasture 0 The joy of the people of Babylon is compared to a calf who runs around joyfully in a pasture. 50:11 ef11 stamping 0 the action a calf makes when kicking the ground 50:11 e4bz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile you neigh like a powerful horse 0 The people of Babylon are compared to stallions that are making loud noises because they are excited. 50:12 a827 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns bore you 0 The word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Babylon. 50:12 i83h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet So your mother will be greatly ashamed; the one who bore you will be embarrassed 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of her embarrassment. The words “mother” and “the one who bore you” refer either to Babylonia or to the city of Babylon. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 50:12 n6mv the least of nations 0 Alternate translation: “the most unimportant nation” 50:12 crm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet a wilderness, a dry land, and a desert 0 These words have basically the same meaning and emphasize the complete barrenness of the land. This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor for an uninhabited place or (2) this refers to Babylon literally becoming a barren wilderness. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 50:13 mm1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns a complete devastation 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **devastation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “completely destroyed” 50:13 fl2h shudder 0 shake violently due to fear 50:13 tj8m hiss 0 make a sound like a snake that means great disapproval 50:14 z26z 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh tells the other nations to attack Babylon. 50:14 wrr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Arrange yourselves against Babylon 0 Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon arrange yourselves against her” 50:14 p1p9 Arrange yourselves 0 Alternate translation: “Line up in military formation” or “Form battle lines” 50:14 z8c6 Everyone who bends a bow 0 This refers to the soldiers who use bows and arrows to fight. 50:14 m55f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification shoot at her 0 Jeremiah speaks of the people who live in the city of Babylon as if they were the city itself, and he speaks of the city as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “shoot at the people in the city” 50:14 a1ig Do not keep back any of your arrows 0 This emphasizes that they should shoot all their arrows. Alternate translation: “Shoot every one of your arrows at her” 50:14 x188 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification she has sinned 0 Jeremiah speaks of the people who live in the city of Babylon as if they were the city itself, and he speaks of the city as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of the city” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 50:15 smz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy She has surrendered … she has done 0 Jeremiah speaks of the people who live in the city of Babylon as if they were the city itself, and he speaks of the city as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “The people of Babylon have surrendered … they have done” 50:15 ke5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification her towers … her walls 0 Jeremiah speaks of the city of Babylon as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the towers of the city … the walls of the city” 50:15 pwd7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive her walls are torn down 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the nations have torn down her walls” 50:16 jvv6 the farmer who sows seed and the one who uses a sickle 0 These people collectively represent all the farmers and harvesters of Babylon. 50:16 ifx7 the one who uses a sickle at the time of harvest 0 A “sickle” is a farm tool that people use to harvest grain. Together with the previous phrase, Yahweh is saying that all planting and harvesting will stop in Babylon. 50:16 m3vk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet Let each person turn back to his own people … let them flee to their own land 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they strengthen the command for foreigners to flee from Babylon back to their own countries. 50:16 eg2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the oppressor’s sword 0 Here the word “sword” refers to the armies that will attack Babylon. 50:17 g6hw 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh speaks to Jeremiah about Israel. 50:17 n1nd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Israel is a sheep scattered and driven away by lions 0 Yahweh speaks of Israel as if it were a sheep that was trying to escape from hungry lions. This metaphor can be stated as a simile and in active form. Alternate translation: “Israel is like a sheep that lions scattered and drove away” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 50:17 r7en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Israel 0 This refers collectively to all the people of Israel. 50:17 n5qc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the king of Assyria 0 This refers to the army of the king of Assyria. 50:17 ux4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor devoured him 0 The destruction of Israel by Assyria is spoken of as if Israel were a sheep that Assyria ate. 50:17 rfs4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon 0 This refers to the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. 50:17 uqu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor broke his bones 0 The destruction of Israel by Nebuchadnezzar is spoken of if it were a sheep which had its bones crushed by a lion. Alternate translation: “destroyed Israel” 50:18 g9kd Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 50:18 v4k1 See, I am about to 0 The word “See” means to pay special attention to what follows. 50:18 wg6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his land 0 Here “land” is a metonym for the people who live in the land of Babylon. Alternate translation: “the Babylonian people” 50:19 wz33 I will restore 0 The word “I” refers to Yahweh. 50:19 gp73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Israel to his homeland … he will be satisfied 0 This refers collectively to all the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel to their homeland … they will be satisfied” 50:19 tl27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he will graze on Carmel and Bashan 0 Israel is spoken of as if they were sheep that eat grass. Alternate translation: “they will eat food that grows in Carmel and Bashan” 50:20 aqy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet In those days and at that time 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that future time. See how you translated this in as [Jeremiah 33:15](../33/15.md). 50:20 pw89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism iniquity will be looked for in Israel, but none will be found. I will inquire about the sins of Judah, but none will be found 0 These two lines mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that Yahweh will completely forgive the sins of the people of Israel. 50:20 vxj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive iniquity will be looked for in Israel, but none will be found 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will look for iniquity in the people of Israel, but will not find any” 50:20 k64e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit that I spare 0 They will escape the destruction of Babylon. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “that I allow to escape the destruction of Babylon” 50:21 v5u9 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh speaks to Jeremiah about the enemies of Babylon. 50:21 ajt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Arise against the land 0 Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, arise against the land” 50:21 bqj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Merathaim 0 This is another name for Babylon. This is a name that means “double rebellion.” 50:21 wh45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Pekod 0 This is another name for the Chaldeans. This is a name that means “visitation.” 50:21 h6k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Put them to the sword 0 This refers to having a sword come down on people to kill them. Alternate translation: “Kill them” 50:21 x5j6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Put them to the sword 0 Here the word “sword” represents war. Yahweh speaks of Babylon’s enemies killing them in battle as if he were placing those people under the sword’s power. Alternate translation: “Kill them in battle” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 50:22 aq6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The sounds of battle and enormous destruction are in the land 0 These sounds are heard during battle and great destruction. They are spoken of in the present tense to indicate that this will certainly happen soon. Alternate translation: “The sounds of fierce battle and terrible destruction are going to happen soon in the land” 50:23 y8x3 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh speaks to the people of Babylon. 50:23 vq6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor How the hammer of all the lands has been cut apart and destroyed 0 The army of Babylon is spoken of as if it were a hammer. The destruction of this army is spoken of as if the hammer was to be cut up and destroyed. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “The mighty army of Babylon that conquered all the nations is like a hammer that will be broken into pieces and destroyed” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 50:23 gzv9 How Babylon has become a destroyed place among the nations 0 Babylon was a nation like the other nations, but it will become a complete ruin, totally destroyed. 50:24 kl72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have set a trap for you and you were taken 0 The destruction of Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh had caught them in a trap like an animal. Alternate translation: “I set a trap and caught you in it as a hunter catches an animal” or “You people of Babylon, I have set a trap for you” 50:24 hn79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you were taken … You were found and captured 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have captured you … I found you and captured you” 50:25 v2ka rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Yahweh has opened his armory and is bringing out the weapons for carrying out his anger 0 Yahweh’s anger that causes him to send enemies against Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh had an armory and weapons. To open an armory is a metonym for preparing for battle. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has prepared for war and is sending the nations to attack Babylon in his anger” 50:25 qd2z armory 0 this is a building or room where weapons of war are stored 50:26 ek5x Attack her from far away 0 Yahweh speaks to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, attack her from far away” 50:26 h3rp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Open her granaries 0 Here “granaries” represent where Babylon stored its treasures. Alternate translation: “Raid the places where her treasures are stored” 50:26 p24s granaries 0 buildings where grain is stored 50:26 kge6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile pile her up like heaps of grain 0 This could mean: (1) reduce the city to piles of rubble that look like stacks of grain or (2) stack up the plunder from the city like piles of grain. 50:26 k8z3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Set her apart for destruction 0 This idiom means to destroy something completely. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:9](../25/09.md). Alternate translation: “destroy her completely” 50:26 uq7q Leave no remnant of her 0 This is stated in a negative way to emphasize the completeness of the destruction. Alternate translation: “Kill every person in her” 50:27 wv75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Kill all her bulls. Send them down to the place of slaughter 0 Here, the word **bulls** could mean: (1) soldiers or (2) strong young men. Killing them is spoken of as taking them to a place of slaughter. 50:27 e5p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Kill all her bulls 0 Yahweh speaks this to the enemies of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, kill all her bulls” 50:27 k3c1 her bulls 0 The word “her” refers to Babylon. 50:27 jtx6 them … their 0 The word “them” and “their” refer to the people of Babylon. 50:27 h2tx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet their day has come—the time for their punishment 0 The phrases “their day” and “the time” mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “the time for their punishment has come” 50:28 tx67 There is the sound of those fleeing 0 Alternate translation: “Listen and you will hear those who are fleeing” 50:28 i7g2 those … those … These 0 The words “those” and “These” refer to the survivors from Babylon who will tell others about Yahweh’s vengeance. 50:28 e143 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the vengeance of Yahweh our God for Zion, and vengeance for his temple 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **vengeance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh our God has taken revenge for what they did to Zion and to his temple in Jerusalem” 50:29 uhm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet the archers … those who bend their bows 0 These phrases refer to the same people and are repeated for poetic effect. 50:29 riq5 her … her … she 0 The words “her” and “she” refer to Babylon. 50:29 gm1z let no one escape 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “capture or kill every person” 50:29 dr67 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Do to her by the measure she has used 0 The evil things the Babylonians did to Israel are spoken of as if Babylon measured them. Alternate translation: “Measure out punishment for her with the same amount she used to punish Israel” 50:30 yd19 her young men will fall 0 Alternate translation: “they will kill her young men” 50:30 tu9n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive all her fighting men will be destroyed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will destroy all her fighting men” 50:30 du7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” 50:31 wr6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit See, I am against you 0 Yahweh speaks this to the people of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “See, I am against you, people of Babylon” 50:31 t5id See 0 This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows. 50:31 jxp6 proud one 0 This is Yahweh’s description of Babylon. 50:31 axv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet for your day has come … the time when I will punish you 0 These two phrases mean the same thing. The second phrase defines the “day” that the first phrase mentions. Alternate translation: “for the day when I will punish you has come” 50:31 n6p7 your day 0 “your time.” This refers to the entire span of time during which the horrible judgment will come upon Babylon. 50:32 rvn2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the proud ones will stumble and fall 0 Here “stumble and fall” are idioms that refer to defeat and death. Alternate translation: “I will cause enemies to defeat and kill the proud ones” 50:32 vwn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor it will devour everything around him 0 Fire burning the cities of Babylon is spoken of as if the fire were an animal that ate them. 50:32 sgv3 around him 0 Here “him” refers to the “proud one” which describes Babylon. 50:33 avf9 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh now speaks through Jeremiah about Israel and Judah. 50:33 xl6p Yahweh of hosts says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 50:33 gnz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The people of Israel are oppressed, together with the people of Judah 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Babylonians are oppressing the people of Israel and Judah” 50:33 k2wh captured them 0 The word “them” refers to the people of Israel and Judah who were captured and taken into exile. 50:34 id2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He will truly plead their case 0 Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a lawyer who represents the people of Israel in court. 50:34 bc96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in order to bring rest to the land 0 Here “the land” is a metonym for the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “in order that the people who live in Israel might live in peace” 50:34 d2c4 bring rest … bring strife 0 These two terms represent opposite ideas and bring a strong contrast to how Yahweh will treat Israel and Babylon. 50:34 m3i6 bring rest 0 Alternate translation: “give peace” 50:35 ayk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy A sword is against … and against 0 Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “War will soon happen to … and to” 50:35 ai3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 50:36 u7pl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy A sword against 0 Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “War will soon happen to” 50:36 v1iv They will become fools 0 Alternate translation: “Their actions are foolish, and everyone will see that they are fools” 50:36 fve6 They will be filled with terror 0 Alternate translation: “they will be terrified” 50:37 d4gj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy A sword is coming against 0 Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “War will soon happen to” 50:37 ts2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile they will become like women 0 The weakness of the Babylonian soldiers is spoken of as if they were women. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “they will all become as weak as women” 50:37 j5zb storerooms 0 A storeroom is a place where supplies or valuables are kept. 50:37 fkg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they will be plundered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers will plunder them” 50:38 kbz3 A drought is coming on her waters 0 Alternate translation: “A drought will soon happen that will affect all her waters” 50:38 tww1 her waters 0 Here “waters” represent all the sources of water for the Babylonians, especially the river that went through the city. 50:39 tq6w desert beasts with the jackals 0 This could mean: (1) “wild animals and hyenas” or (2) “wild demons and evil spirits.” 50:39 i9i9 jackals 0 A jackal is a wild dog found in Asia and Africa. 50:39 qe4b ostriches 0 very large African birds that run fast but cannot fly. Some versions translate this as “owl.” 50:39 e1qh will live in her 0 The word “her” refers to Babylon. 50:39 d5ib rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet For all time, she will no longer be inhabited. From generation to generation, she will not be lived in 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Babylon will be completely uninhabited. Alternate translation: “People will never live there again; it will be uninhabited forever” 50:39 y9d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive she will not be lived in 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will live in her” 50:40 r3e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet no one will live there; no person will stay in her 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Babylon will be completely uninhabited. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “no one will ever live there again” 50:41 us4n 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses are almost identical to [Jeremiah 6:22](../06/22.md) and [Jeremiah 6:23](../06/23.md). See how you translated those verses. 50:41 p4d1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit See, a people is coming 0 Yahweh speaks to the people of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “See, people of Babylon, a people is coming” 50:41 n3n8 See, a people 0 Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: a people” 50:41 m77s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche a great nation and many kings 0 This phrase refers to the time when the Medes and Persians conquered Babylon in 539 BC. Here “nation” represents their armies. Alternate translation: “the armies of a great nation and many kings” 50:41 qf6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor are being stirred up from the farthest parts of the earth 0 Being “stirred up” represents being urged to take action. Alternate translation: “are preparing to come from the most distant places on earth” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 50:42 fw6p They will pick up bows and spears 0 Alternate translation: “The soldiers will carry bows and spears” 50:42 d5r3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Their sound is like the sea roar 0 The loud noise that the soldiers make is compared to the loud noise of the sea. Alternate translation: “The sound that they make is very loud, like the sound of the sea” 50:42 y1tc they are riding on horses, set out in order as men for battle 0 The phrase “set out in order” means that they have organized themselves and are riding in rows. The phrase “as men for battle” indicates that they are ready to fight. Alternate translation: “they are riding on horses in their assigned rows, and they are ready to fight” 50:42 yn6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy daughter of Babylon 0 This phrase refers to the Babylonian people. 50:43 r3fu 0 # General Information:\n\nThis verse is almost identical to [Jeremiah 6:24](../06/24.md). See how you translated that verse. 50:43 y1du his hands fell limp in distress 0 Alternate translation: “his hands were weak because he was anxious” 50:43 um5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Anguish seized him 0 Feeling great anguish is spoken of as if anguish grabs the king of Babylon. Alternate translation: “He felt terrible anguish” 50:43 uui8 Anguish 0 suffering and grief that would bring a person to tears 50:43 j129 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like a woman giving birth 0 The anguish that they feel because the enemy coming to attack them is compared to the anguish that a woman feels when she is about to give birth to a baby. Alternate translation: “like a woman who is about to give birth” 50:44 mn9k 0 # General Information:\n\nThis verse is almost identical to [Jeremiah 49:19](../49/19.md). See how you translated that verse. 50:44 g65t Behold! 0 The word “Behold” here tells the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention!” 50:44 u7tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile He goes up like a lion from the heights of the Jordan to the enduring grazing place 0 This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Babylon, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “When I punish the people of Babylon, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of mountains and attacks sheep in the pasture” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) 50:44 bst6 the enduring grazing place 0 This is land covered with grass where animals feed on the grass. 50:44 uiu8 I will quickly cause them to run from it 0 Here “them” refers to the Babylonian people; the word “it” refers to the invasion. 50:44 wgy7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who will be chosen 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom I will choose” 50:44 g8wy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion For who is like me, and who will summon me? 0 Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that no one is like him. Alternate translation: “For no one is like me, no one can summon me.” 50:44 vd1u who will summon me 0 Alternate translation: “who will challenge me” or “who will call me to account” 50:44 ume1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What shepherd is able to resist me? 0 Yahweh uses this question to show no one can defeat him. Here “shepherd” is a metaphor for “king” or “ruler.” Alternate translation: “No king is able to resist me.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 50:45 h7vf 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses are almost identical to [Jeremiah 49:20](../49/20.md) and [Jeremiah 49:21](../49/21.md). See how you translated those verses. 50:45 bl7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism the plans that Yahweh has decided against Babylon, the plans that he has planned against the land of the Chaldeans 0 These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the plans that Yahweh has decided for the people of Babylon and the Chaldeans” 50:45 e83p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They will certainly be dragged away, even the smallest flock 0 This continues speaking of Yahweh punishing the people of Babylon as if he would come like a lion and attack the sheep. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will drag them away, even the smallest flock” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 50:45 dja3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor even the smallest flock 0 Here the youngest and weakest people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the smallest flock of sheep. Alternate translation: “even the youngest and weakest” 50:45 fwh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Their pasturelands will be turned into ruined places 0 Here the land of Babylonia is spoken of as if it were pasturelands for flocks. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will turn their pasturelands into ruined places” or “He will completely destroy the people who live there” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 50:46 q28h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor At the sound of conquered Babylon the earth shakes 0 This phrase compares the fall of the once powerful nation of Babylon to the extremely loud noise of an earthquake. Alternate translation: “The fall of Babylon will sound like a mighty earthquake” 50:46 sue1 distress 0 pain or unhappiness 50:46 y112 their shout of distress 0 Alternate translation: “their shout of pain” 51:intro e537 0 # Jeremiah 51 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 51:1–64.\n\nThe prophesied destruction of Babylon continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Babylon destroyed\n\nBabylon will be conquered and the Jews will return to their homeland. At this time, Babylon controlled almost the entire Near East. The fulfillment of this prophecy would have been unthinkable. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]])\n\n### Covenant with Abraham\n\nBabylon is destroyed because it drove the people of Judah from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham’s descendants. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) 51:1 bz33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 51:1 mgs4 See 0 This draws attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully” or “Pay attention” 51:1 az5v a wind of destruction 0 This could mean: (1) “a wind that destroys” or (2) “the spirit of a destroyer.” This would mean that Yahweh would cause or inspire the enemy army to go and attack Babylon. 51:1 br1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Leb Kamai 0 This is code name for Chaldea, a region of Babylonia. It is not clear why Jeremiah uses this name here, so you may want to translate as “Chaldea” or “Babylonia.” 51:2 bdq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor scatter her and devastate her land … they will come against her 0 The word “her,” a metaphor that refers to Babylon as if it were a woman, is also a metonym for the people who live in Babylon. Alternate translation: “separate the people who live there from each other, send them in different directions, and make their land empty … foreigners will attack the people of Babylon” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 51:2 w4jj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom on the day of disaster 0 The phrase “day of” is a Hebrew idiom for “when.” Alternate translation: “when I destroy Babylon” 51:3 yl8g Do not let … do not let 0 Yahweh wants the attack to be so sudden that the archers have no time to prepare for battle. 51:4 u6a8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive those who are killed 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom the attackers kill” 51:5 u9ey rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Israel and Judah are not forsaken by their God, by Yahweh of hosts 0 The words “Israel” and “Judah” are metonyms for the people of Israel and Judah. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts, the God of the people of Israel and Judah, has not forsaken them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 51:5 t4nl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor their land is filled with offenses committed against the Holy One of Israel 0 The land in which they live is spoken of as if it were a container and their offenses as if they were solid objects that could fill the container. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **offenses**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “they have offended the Holy One of Israel everywhere throughout the land” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 51:6 ht2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in her iniquity 0 Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman. The word “iniquity” is a metonym for God punishing the people for their iniquity. Alternate translation: “when Yahweh punishes Babylon” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 51:6 dia4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will repay all of it to her 0 Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman, and the iniquity of the people is spoken of as if Yahweh needed to pay back a debt. The word “her,” meaning Babylon, is a metonym for the people of Babylon. Alternate translation: “will punish the Babylonians as much as they deserve” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 51:7 tj8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of Yahweh that made all the world drunk 0 The word “world” is a metonym for the people living in the nations surrounding Babylon. This could mean: (1) Making those people drunk could be a metaphor for Yahweh punishing those nations by allowing Babylon to conquer them. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a strong nation that Yahweh used to punish all the people of the surrounding nations severely” or (2) It could be a metaphor for those nations joining Babylon in worshiping idols and being violent. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a rich and powerful nation, and other nations wanted to become sinful just like it” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 51:7 bqq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of Yahweh 0 Babylon being a powerful nation that Yahweh used for his own purposes is spoken of as if Babylon were a golden cup in his hand. Here “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 51:7 ye28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor nations drank her wine and became insane 0 This could mean: (1) “Babylon defeated and destroyed other nations” or (2) “nations enjoyed her riches and power and became evil.” 51:7 s9ql insane 0 unable to think clearly 51:8 zm1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Babylon will … be destroyed 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will destroy Babylon” 51:8 rer2 Wail 0 to make a long, loud cry that shows that the person is sad 51:8 l2ej rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive perhaps she can be healed 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “perhaps Yahweh can heal her” 51:9 v18i 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh used Babylon to punish Judah and the nation. It is either the people of Judah or the people of the nations who are speaking the words in this quotation. 51:9 cl11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Babylon … she is not healed … leave her … her guilt 0 The name of the city is a metonym for the people who live there, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of Babylon … they are not healed … leave them … their guilt” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 51:9 xi9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive she is not healed 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “we have not been able to heal her” 51:9 r4vl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For her guilt reaches up to the heavens; it is piled up to the clouds 0 Guilt is spoken of as if it were an object that could be made into a pile. The words “to the heavens” and “to the clouds” are an exaggeration for something that is very high. Alternate translation: “For Babylon is so very guilty” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 51:10 sgl7 Yahweh has declared our innocence 0 Yahweh had punished the Israelites for their sins, but now has let them return to him. 51:11 np2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon and their enemies, who cannot hear him, telling them that Yahweh will destroy Babylon before the Babylonians can prepare to defend themselves. 51:12 jt7x Lift up a banner over Babylon’s walls 0 Alternate translation: “Give a signal to attack Babylon’s walls” 51:12 udw5 make the watch strong 0 Alternate translation: “make sure the guards are strong and have good weapons” 51:12 usv8 set up watchmen 0 Alternate translation: “make sure there are enough men watching the city” 51:12 rs5j prepare the ambushes 0 This was done in order to catch anyone running from the city. 51:13 s2hm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The thread of your life is now cut short 0 The people’s lives are spoken of as if they were threads that God could cut. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Your lives will be ended quickly” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 51:14 tqq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like a swarm of locusts 0 The large number of enemy soldiers is spoken of as if they were a mass of locusts invading the city. Alternate translation: “with a large number of soldiers” 51:14 mxl6 battle cry 0 This is a shout that a soldier makes in battle. 51:16 hr5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor When he thunders, there is the roar of waters in the heavens 0 These phrases compare the voice of Yahweh to the loud sound made by thunder and rain. 51:16 f1vn storehouses 0 A storehouse is a building where people keep things they might want to use in the future. 51:17 w7tq 0 # General Information:\n\nTranslate many of the words in this verse as in [Jeremiah 10:14](../10/14.md). 51:17 r1wa has become ignorant 0 Alternate translation: “is lacking knowledge” or “does not know” 51:17 vgb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Every metalworker is put to shame by his idols 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Every metalworker’s idols put him to shame” or “As for every metalworker, his idols shame him” 51:18 qxg3 0 # General Information:\n\nTranslate many of the words in this verse as in [Jeremiah 10:15](../10/15.md). 51:18 ux1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification they will perish at the time of their punishment 0 This speaks of the final destruction of the idols. Alternate translation: “there will be a time when God will destroy them” 51:19 rd4k 0 # General Information:\n\nTranslate many of the words in this verse as in [Jeremiah 10:16](../10/16.md). 51:19 mei8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the portion of Jacob 0 Here “Jacob” represents the people of Israel. God being their “portion” is an idiom that means that they worship him. Alternate translation: “the portion of Israel” or “whom the people of Israel worship” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 51:19 dwl8 the molder of all things 0 Alternate translation: “the creator of all things” or “the one who created all things” 51:19 st72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Israel is the tribe of his inheritance 0 This speaks of Israel belonging to Yahweh as if it were something that Yahweh gained through inheritance. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Israel belongs to him” 51:20 f9ni You are 0 Alternate translation: “You, the Babylonian army, are” 51:20 ap1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor With you I will smash 0 Yahweh speaks of punishing people as if he were smashing them with a hammer. Alternate translation: “With you I will punish” 51:20 k6w9 With you I will 0 Alternate translation: “I will use you to” 51:22 b82y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor With you I will smash 0 Yahweh speaks of punishing people as if he were smashing them with a hammer. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 51:20](../51/20.md). Alternate translation: “With you I will punish” 51:22 n6g5 With you I will 0 “I will use you to.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 51:20](../51/20.md). 51:24 rf4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns in your sight I will pay 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sight**, you can express the same idea with the verb “see.” Alternate translation: “you will see it when I pay” 51:24 r6wa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 51:25 n2fb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh speaks to the people of Jerusalem, who could hear him, as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon, who could not hear him. He speaks to the city of Babylon as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon itself. He speaks of the city as if it were a mountain. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 51:25 gfh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will stretch out my hand against you 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. See how “I will attack the inhabitants of the land with my hand” is translated in [Jeremiah 6:12](../06/12.md). Alternate translation: “I will use my strength to attack you” 51:25 pu56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will … roll you down from the cliffs 0 Yahweh stops speaking of Babylon as a mountain and speaks of it as a building that he is breaking down and throwing away. 51:25 f3es cliffs 0 A cliff is the steep side of a mountain or hill. 51:25 tb96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will … make you a burned-out mountain 0 Yahweh speaks of Babylon as no longer being the great “mountain of destruction” but now a mountain that he has destroyed. Alternate translation: “I will … make you a pile of useless rocks” 51:25 b8fv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 51:26 pw6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns you will become an everlasting devastation 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **devastation**, you can express the same idea with a verb “devastate.” Alternate translation: “I will devastate you and no one will ever rebuild you” or “I will turn you into an empty place where no one will ever live” 51:27 rw7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Lift up a banner … Blow the trumpet … Call … to attack 0 Lifting a banner and blowing a trumpet are both ways of calling people to attack. 51:27 hw53 banner 0 “battle flag.” This is large flag for the soldiers to follow in battle. 51:27 wq6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy attack her 0 The city of Babylon is a metonym for the people of Babylon, and it is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “attack the people of Babylon” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 51:27 hkx4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ararat … Minni … Ashkenaz 0 These are names of nations or people groups. 51:27 w3wj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile bring up horses like swarming locusts 0 Yahweh compares a great number of horses to a swarm of locusts. Alternate translation: “bring many horses with soldiers quickly” 51:28 hs9h governors … officials 0 See how you translated these words in [Jeremiah 51:23](../51/23.md). 51:29 s84v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the land will shake and be in anguish 0 The land is a metonym for the people who live on the land. Shaking and being in anguish are metonyms for being very afraid. Alternate translation: “the people who live in Babylon will shake with fear and be in anguish” 51:29 nf9p anguish 0 suffering and grief that would bring a person to tears 51:29 vd9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy against Babylon 0 The city of Babylon is a metonym for the people of Babylon. Alternate translation: “against the people of Babylon” 51:29 d6kr there is no inhabitant 0 Alternate translation: “no one lives” 51:30 a6hx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh speaks of what will happen as if it had already happened. 51:30 l7ic rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor her homes are on fire, the bars of her gates are broken 0 The city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the homes in the city are on fire, the bars of the city gates are broken” 51:31 wh3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive his city has been taken 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemies have overcome the whole city” 51:32 j8z8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the fords over the river are seized 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemies have taken control of all the fords over the river” 51:32 u4eq fords 0 shallow parts of a river where people can walk across 51:32 a1kx marshes 0 places with shallow water and grasses growing in deep mud 51:32 gpu4 confused 0 unable to think clearly 51:33 yz8h Yahweh of hosts … says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 51:33 mic2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The daughter of Babylon 0 “Daughter of Babylon” here is another name for the people who live in Babylon. 51:33 w9he rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile is like a threshing floor 0 People thresh grain by trampling it on a threshing floor, and Yahweh speaks of people punishing the daughter of Babylon as if they were threshing grain. 51:33 h2d9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor It is time to trample her down 0 Yahweh punishing the daughter of Babylon is spoken of as if he were trampling and threshing grain on a threshing floor. Alternate translation: “It is time to punish her” 51:33 i4ix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the time of harvest will come to her 0 The harvest is a metaphor for the result of the actions that the people did before. Babylon will experience the result of its people’s sins. Alternate translation: “God will punish her for her sins” 51:34 e1t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 # General Information:\n\nThe speaker speaks as if he were a woman. The woman is a metaphor for the city of Jerusalem, which in turn is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 51:34 re9d he has driven me into confusion 0 This could mean: (1) “he has caused me to be unable to think clearly” or (2) “he has crushed me.” 51:34 v2wg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor has made me an empty pot 0 Babylon has taken everything from Israel. 51:34 v4f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like a monster 0 Here Babylon is compared to a monster. 51:34 k3yc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he has swallowed me 0 Jerusalem compares its destruction to being swallowed. 51:34 g9pi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he has filled his stomach with my delicious foods 0 This continues to speak of Babylon as if it were a monster. This states in another way the previous idea that Babylon has taken everything from Israel. Here “foods” represents all the good things that were there before. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 51:34 uc2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he has spit me out 0 Nebuchadnezzar took what he wanted and spit out what he did not want. Alternate translation: “he has vomited me up” 51:35 v7aa The one who lives in Zion 0 Alternate translation: “She who lives in Zion” 51:35 x9kf The one … to me and my flesh … my blood 0 All of these phrases refer to a woman. 51:35 pj1v inhabitants of Chaldea 0 Alternate translation: “people who live in Chaldea” 51:36 s6hs 0 # General Information:\n\nThis begins Yahweh’s reply to Jerusalem’s request in verses 34 and 35. 51:36 duw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am about to plead your case and bring about vengeance 0 Yahweh defending his people is spoken of as if he were a lawyer pleading their case in court. Alternate translation: “I will be like your lawyer to defend you and I will bring about vengeance” 51:37 srq7 heaps of rubble 0 buildings that have become piles of rock 51:37 fd8l den of jackals 0 home for wild dogs 51:37 qax1 a horror 0 something that terrifies everyone who looks at it 51:37 k6wl hissing 0 a sound people make to show that they dislike something very much 51:37 a91l there are no inhabitants 0 Alternate translation: “no one lives” 51:38 ht1r roar 0 loud sound made by a lion 51:38 e66g growl 0 a sound animals make to frighten other animals 51:39 t613 become happy 0 As a soldier is happy when he defeats a strong enemy. Another possible meaning is “are very drunk” . 51:40 y454 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like lambs … male goats 0 Lambs and goats do not know before it happens that people are going to slaughter them, and the Babylonians will not know before it happens that Yahweh is going to destroy them. 51:41 mjn3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive How Babylon has been captured … How Babylon has become a ruined place 0 The word “how” here shows that something that people thought was impossible has happened. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “We never thought that enemies could capture Babylon, but they have captured her … We never thought that Babylon could become a ruined place, but it has become a ruined place” 51:41 epv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the praise of all the earth is seized 0 The word “praise” is a metonym for the thing that people praised, and the word “earth” is a metonym for the people living on the earth. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemies have seized Babylon, the nation that everyone on earth praised” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 51:42 jlw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The sea … roaring waves 0 Babylon’s enemies have overcome her. “Waves” represent many people groups overcoming Babylon. The words “sea” and “water” often represent the nations. 51:42 xv1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive She is covered with its roaring waves 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Its roaring waves have covered her” 51:43 i1ik Her cities 0 Alternate translation: “Babylon’s cities” 51:44 ua7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will punish Bel 0 Bel was the main god of the Babylonians and represents the whole country and the people that worshiped it. 51:44 x7hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification out from his mouth what he swallowed 0 Yahweh compares all the sacrifices and offerings to Bel to things he ate. 51:44 b1d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the nations will no longer flow 0 The many nations that come to Babylon to sacrifice to Bel is spoken of as a river that moves along. Alternate translation: “the people of other nations will no longer come in large groups” 51:46 e7mp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the news that is heard in the land 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when you hear the news that is in the land” 51:46 y5k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Ruler will be against ruler 0 The ruler is a metonym for the nations under his control. Alternate translation: “Nations will fight against other nations” 51:47 hlg9 see 0 Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you” 51:47 hh7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor days are coming … when I will punish 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will punish” or “there will be a time … when I will punish” 51:47 x6k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will punish the carved idols of Babylon 0 Removing the idols of Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh would punish the idols. Alternate translation: “I will remove the carved idols of Babylon” 51:47 m3al rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Babylon … her land … her slaughtered ones … her midst 0 The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of Babylon … their land … their slaughtered ones … their midst” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 51:48 r764 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy over Babylon … come for her 0 The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “over the Babylonians … come for them … the Babylonians have made … their land” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 51:48 a7da rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the heavens and the earth 0 Heaven and earth are viewed as if they were people. 51:48 ry4n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 51:49 y6sf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Babylon has made … her land 0 The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of Babylon … their land … their slaughtered ones … their midst … over the Babylonians … come for them … the Babylonians have made … their land” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 51:49 mh52 the killed of all her land 0 Alternate translation: “those whom the Babylonians’ enemies have killed in the land” 51:50 rnu2 0 # General Information:\n\nJeremiah speaks to the Israelite people in verse 50. 51:50 v78z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Survivors of the sword 0 The sword is a metonym for war, in which soldiers use swords. Alternate translation: “You who have survived the war” 51:50 esb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Call Yahweh to mind from far away; let Jerusalem come to mind 0 The phrases “Call … to mind” and “come to mind” are idioms that mean to think about or remember. Alternate translation: “Though you are far away, think about Yahweh; think about Jerusalem” 51:51 l188 insults 0 words that one person uses to offend another 51:51 u8ak rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor reproach has covered our faces 0 The speakers’ reaction to people expressing disapproval of them is spoken of as if it were a cover placed over the speakers’ faces. Alternate translation: “our faces show that we are hurt because others disapprove of us” or “we cover our faces in shame because others disapprove of us” 51:52 gq6f see 0 Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you” 51:52 t1lg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor days are coming … when I will punish 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will punish” or “there will be a time … when I will punish” 51:52 ipn3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” 51:52 h25y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will punish her carved idols 0 Removing or destroying idols is spoken of as if Yahweh would punish the idols. Alternate translation: “I will destroy her carved idols” or “I will remove her carved idols” 51:52 c2dr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy her carved idols … her land 0 The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their carved idols … their land … the Babylonians … their highest fortresses … to them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 51:52 z6xh groan 0 to cry out because of pain or sadness 51:53 i44x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy her highest fortresses … to her 0 The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their highest fortresses … to them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 51:53 t773 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo if Babylon went up … or fortified … destroyers would come from me 0 This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh does not expect to happen. Alternate translation: “Babylon will not go up … or fortify … destroyers will surely come from me” 51:54 j9es rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism A shout of distress came from Babylon, a great collapse from the land of the Chaldeans 0 The same thought is expressed in two different ways for emphasis. 51:55 i691 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy destroying Babylon … her loud voice 0 The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “destroying the people of Babylon … their loud voices” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 51:55 rb5t Their enemies … their noise 0 Alternate translation: “The enemies of the people of Babylon … the noise of the enemies” 51:55 hs3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile enemies roar like the waves of many waters 0 The waves of the ocean and of flooding rivers make a loud sound, and the enemies will make a very loud sound as they come. 51:56 bdd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy against her—against Babylon!—and her warriors 0 The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “against the people of Babylon—yes, against Babylon!—and their warriors” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 51:56 sx3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive her warriors have been captured 0 This phrase can be changed to have an active verb. Alternate translation: “her enemies have captured her warriors” 51:57 n6e9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy her princes, her sages, her officials, and her soldiers 0 The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their princes, their sages, their officials, and their soldiers … their high gates … their aid … for them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 51:57 gc1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism they will sleep in an unending sleep and never wake up 0 They will be dead. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 51:39](../51/39.md). 51:58 qv76 Yahweh of hosts says this 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). 51:58 nvh5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The thick walls of Babylon will be completely demolished 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The invaders willl completely demolish the thick walls of Babylon” 51:58 v2lw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy her high gates … her aid … for her 0 The city of Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their high gates … their aid … for them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 51:58 ci1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive her high gates will be burned 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will burn her high gates” 51:58 pt5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive everything … will be burned up 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will burn up everything that the nations try to do for her” 51:59 x35d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Seraiah … Neriah … Mahseiah 0 These are the names of men. 51:59 r4gy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal in the fourth year of his reign 0 “after he had been king for three years.” This “fourth” is the ordinal number for four. 51:60 f3pz that were written about Babylon 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that he had written about Babylon” 51:62 ctw9 animal 0 If your language has a word for animals that normally live with people, you might want to use it here, because [Jeremiah 51:37](../51/37.md) states that Babylon will be inhabited by wild animals. 51:64 rl23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Babylon will sink like this 0 The stone and scroll will disappear in the water, the water will destroy the scroll, and Babylon will no longer look like a city or have buildings for people to live in. 51:64 eg18 will not arise 0 Alternate translation: “will never again be a city” 51:64 xm91 they will fall 0 This means the Babylonians will fall because they are exhausted. Many translations do not include these words. 52:intro izf6 0 # Jeremiah 52 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe chapter returns to a previous sequence of events and records Babylon’s conquering of Judah. It also records the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) 52:1 f3ew 0 # General Information:\n\nBecause of the words “Jeremiah’s words end here” in [Jeremiah 51:64](../51/64.md) and because the words here appear in other books of the Bible, many scholars believe that this chapter was written by someone other than Jeremiah and attached to the scroll that Jeremiah and Baruch wrote. 52:1 pmi6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hamutal 0 This is the name of a woman. 52:1 w8zc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Libnah 0 This is the name of a place. 52:1 st4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jeremiah 0 This refers to another man named Jeremiah, not the prophet Jeremiah who wrote this book. 52:2 f21w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” 52:4 b8cu It happened 0 This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. 52:4 zq3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal in the ninth year of the reign of King Zedekiah, in the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month 0 after Zedekiah had been king for eight years, in the tenth calendar month, on the tenth day of the month 52:4 utp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal in the ninth year 0 “in year nine” 52:4 nk5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths in the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month 0 This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) 52:4 s7id They camped opposite it 0 Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s army camped opposite Jerusalem” 52:5 g791 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal until the eleventh year of King Zedekiah’s reign 0 until Zedekiah had been king for more than ten years 52:5 e3tj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal eleventh year 0 “year eleven” 52:5 ws36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive So the city was besieged 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “So they besieged the city” 52:6 q88p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths By the ninth day of the fourth month 0 This is the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. The ninth day is near the beginning of July on Western calendars. Zedekiah had been king for ten years, three months, and eight days. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) 52:6 b8bl city 0 This refers to Jerusalem. 52:7 ns94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the city was broken into 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonians broke through the wall around the city” 52:7 e7li the two walls 0 the wall of the king’s garden and the wall of the city 52:8 w5xq plains 0 flat land 52:8 z99u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive All his army was scattered 0 This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) “the Chaldeans scattered his entire army” or (2) “all of his soldiers ran away in different directions.” 52:9 e3yw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names at Riblah in the land of Hamath 0 Riblah was a town in the territory of Hamath. 52:9 y478 passed sentence on him 0 Alternate translation: “decided how to punish him” 52:10 rf5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche slaughtered Zedekiah’s sons before his own eyes 0 The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah’s sons. Alternate translation: “forced Zedekiah to watch as the king of Babylon slaughtered Zedekiah’s sons” 52:11 xk3k he put out Zedekiah’s eyes 0 “the king’s men made Zedekiah blind.” Use the common words for making a person blind. It is not clear that the king of Babylon took Zedekiah’s eyes out of his head. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon make Zedekiah blind. 52:11 wdy8 the day of his death 0 the day of Zedekiah’s death 52:12 e83x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths in the fifth month, on the tenth day of the month, which was the nineteenth year of the reign of King Nebuchadnezzar 0 Nebuchadnezzar had been king for eighteen years, four months, and nine days. This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. The tenth day is near the beginning of August on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) 52:12 pz2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the nineteenth year 0 “during year nineteen” 52:12 vd9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nebuzaradan 0 This is the name of a man. 52:12 jsf1 bodyguards 0 people whose job is to protect someone 52:15 g3nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nebuzaradan 0 This is the name of a man. 52:16 knn1 the poorest of the land 0 Alternate translation: “the poorest people who lived on the land” 52:17 zsh6 The Sea 0 This is a basin of water used in the worship of Yahweh. 52:21 spa2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance eighteen cubits … twelve cubits 0 A cubit was about 46 centimeters long. Alternate translation: “18 cubits … 12 cubits” or “about 8.3 meters … about 5.5 meters” 52:21 b7ll hollow 0 The pillars had empty space inside them. 52:22 l1cn capital 0 This is the top part of each pillar. 52:22 f2ql rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance five cubits 0 A cubit was about 46 centimeters long. Alternate translation: “5 cubits” or “about 2.3 meters” 52:24 l5rv Seraiah 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 36:26](../36/26.md). 52:24 z616 gatekeepers 0 people who guard the gate of a city 52:25 vtf3 drafting men into the army 0 Alternate translation: “forcing men to fight in the army” 52:26 ek3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nebuzaradan 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/09.md). 52:26 lq37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Riblah 0 This is the name of a city. 52:28 l6dd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal seventh 0 52:28 ty77 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 3,023 0 “three thousand and twenty-three” 52:29 ag2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal eighteenth 0 52:29 st9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 832 0 “teight hundred and thirty-two” 52:30 kwp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal twenty-third 0 52:30 v4cr Nebuzaradan 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/09.md). 52:30 yu52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 745 & 4,600 0 “seven hundred and forty-five … four thousand six hundred” 52:31 n2d6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal in the thirty-seventh year of the exile of Jehoiachin 0 after Jehoiachin had been an exile for more than 36 years 52:31 rb62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths in the twelfth month, on the twenty-fifth day of the month 0 This is the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fifth day is near the middle of March on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) 52:31 d6ug It happened 0 This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. 52:31 qhv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Awel-Marduk 0 He became the king of Babylon after Nebuchadnezzar. 52:32 g37e He spoke kindly to him 0 Alternate translation: “Awel-Marduk spoke kindly to Jehoiachin” 52:32 bq2c a seat more honorable 0 Alternate translation: “a seat at the table that was closer to where Awel-Marduk sat” 52:33 fvq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy removed Jehoiachin’s prison clothes 0 The reader should understand that removing his prison clothes represents making him a free man.