richmahn_en_tn/en_tn_67-REV.tsv

1	Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
2	REV	1	1	kv41			0	General Information:	This is an introduction to the book of Revelation. It explains that it is a revelation from Jesus Christ and it gives a blessing to those who read it.
3	REV	1	1	ik5v		τοῖς δούλοις αὐτοῦ	1	his servants	This refers to people who believe in Christ.
4	REV	1	1	x8bu		ἃ δεῖ γενέσθαι ἐν τάχει	1	what must soon take place	the events that must happen soon
5	REV	1	1	kez4		ἐσήμανεν	1	made it known	communicated it
6	REV	1	2	va4c		τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the word of God	the message that God spoke
7	REV	1	3	dwt8		ὁ ... καιρὸς ἐγγύς	1	the time is near	the things that must happen will soon happen
8	REV	1	4	vw1t			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of John's letter. Here he names himself as the writer and greets the people he is writing to.
9	REV	1	4	hl5c		ἀπὸ ὁ ὢν	1	from the one who is	from God, who is
10	REV	1	4	qsu6	figs-metaphor	ὁ ... ἐρχόμενος	1	who is to come	Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11	REV	1	5	l3h8		ὁ ... πρωτότοκος τῶν νεκρῶν	1	the firstborn from the dead	the first person to be raised from death
12	REV	1	5	j1xp		τῶν νεκρῶν	1	from the dead	From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To come back from among them speaks of becoming alive again.
13	REV	1	5	u6v7		λύσαντι ἡμᾶς	1	has released us	has set us free
14	REV	1	6	a4mq		ἐποίησεν ἡμᾶς βασιλείαν, ἱερεῖς	1	has made us a kingdom, priests	has set us apart and begun to rule over us and he has made us priests
15	REV	1	6	c77q	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατρί	1	Father	This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
16	REV	1	6	vc5g		τὸ κράτος	1	the power	This probably refers to his authority as king.
17	REV	1	7	ldv8			0	General Information:	In verse 7, John is quoting from Daniel and Zechariah.
18	REV	1	7	t16v		καὶ ... οἵτινες αὐτὸν ἐξεκέντησαν	1	including those who pierced him	even those who pierced him will see him
19	REV	1	7	lqs9		ἐξεκέντησαν	1	pierced	made a hole in
20	REV	1	8	in5e	figs-metaphor	ὁ ... ἐρχόμενος	1	who is to come	Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21	REV	1	9	up7y			0	General Information:	John explains how his vision began and the instructions the Spirit gave him.
22	REV	1	9	mg1k	figs-you		0	your ... you	These refer to the believers in the seven churches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
23	REV	1	9	c1a9		διὰ τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	because of the word of God	because I told others the word of God
24	REV	1	10	lnj2		τῇ Κυριακῇ ἡμέρᾳ	1	the Lord's day	the day of worship for believers in Christ
25	REV	1	10	fa68	figs-simile	φωνὴν μεγάλην ὡς σάλπιγγος	1	loud voice like a trumpet	The voice was so loud it sounded like a trumpet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
26	REV	1	10	dn8e		σάλπιγγος	1	trumpet	This refers to an instrument for producing music or for calling people to gather together for an announcement or meeting.
27	REV	1	11	kq6x	translate-names		0	Smyrna ... Pergamum ... Thyatira ... Sardis ... Philadelphia ... Laodicea	These are names of cities in the region of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
28	REV	1	12	dkp1			0	Connecting Statement:	John begins to explain what he saw in his vision.
29	REV	1	13	xmx7	figs-metaphor	Υἱὸν Ἀνθρώπου	1	son of man	This expression describes a human figure, someone who looks human. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
30	REV	1	13	y6qk		ζώνην χρυσᾶν	1	a golden sash	a piece of cloth worn around the chest. It may have had golden threads in it.
31	REV	1	14	j9w4		ἔριον	1	wool	This is the hair of a sheep or goat. It was known to be very white.
32	REV	1	15	ldx7		καμίνῳ	1	furnace	a strong container for holding a very hot fire. People would put metal in it, and the hot fire would burn away any impurities that were in the metal.
33	REV	1	15	izg6			0	the sound of many rushing waters	This is very loud, like the sound of a large, fast flowing river, of a large waterfall, or of loud waves in the sea.
34	REV	1	16	pp58			0	a sword ... was coming out of his mouth	The sword blade was sticking out of his mouth. The sword itself was not in motion.
35	REV	1	16	zy4d		ῥομφαία δίστομος ὀξεῖα	1	a sword with two sharp edges	This refers to a double-edged sword, which is sharpened on both sides to cut both directions.
36	REV	1	17	twy9	figs-simile	ἔπεσα πρὸς τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ, ὡς νεκρός	1	fell at his feet like a dead man	John lay down facing the ground. He was probably very frightened and was showing Jesus great respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
37	REV	1	17	jw5r		ἔθηκεν τὴν δεξιὰν αὐτοῦ ἐπ’ ἐμὲ	1	He placed his right hand on me	He touched me with his right hand
38	REV	1	17	uc3d	figs-merism	ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος	1	I am the first and the last	This refers to the eternal nature of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
39	REV	1	19	u49x			0	Connecting Statement:	The Son of Man continues to speak.
40	REV	1	20	d6ez	writing-symlanguage	ἀστέρων	1	stars	These stars are symbols that represent the seven angels of the seven churches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
41	REV	1	20	fl5d	writing-symlanguage	λυχνίας	1	lampstands	The lampstands are symbols that represent the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:12](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
42	REV	1	20	e25n		ἑπτὰ ... ἐκκλησιῶν	1	seven churches	This refers to seven churches that actually existed in Asia Minor at that time. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md).
43	REV	2	1	mn8x			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Ephesus.
44	REV	2	1	i92a	writing-symlanguage	ἀστέρας	1	stars	These stars are symbols. They represent the seven angels of the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
45	REV	2	1	ugs3	writing-symlanguage	λυχνιῶν	1	lampstands	The lampstands are symbols that represent the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:12](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
46	REV	2	2	szc1		καὶ ... οὐκ εἰσίν	1	but are not	but are not apostles
47	REV	2	2	ka9e		εὗρες αὐτοὺς ψευδεῖς	1	you have found them to be false	you have recognized that those people are false apostles
48	REV	2	5	j6p5		ἐὰν μὴ μετανοήσῃς	1	Unless you repent	If you do not repent
49	REV	2	6	cvi5	translate-names	Νικολαϊτῶν	1	Nicolaitans	people who followed the teachings of a man named Nicolaus (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
50	REV	2	8	is3w			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Smyrna.
51	REV	2	8	key2	translate-names	Σμύρνῃ	1	Smyrna	This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
52	REV	2	8	k7qk	figs-merism	ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος	1	the first and the last	This refers to the eternal nature of Jesus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
53	REV	2	9	qf9p		καὶ ... οὐκ εἰσίν	1	but they are not	but they are not real Jews
54	REV	2	9	a4yu	figs-metaphor	συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ	1	a synagogue of Satan	People who gather to obey or honor Satan are spoken of as if they were a synagogue, a place of worship and teaching for the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
55	REV	2	12	ll17			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Pergamum.
56	REV	2	12	il7c	translate-names	Περγάμῳ	1	Pergamum	This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
57	REV	2	12	f6s5		ὁ ἔχων τὴν ῥομφαίαν τὴν δίστομον τὴν ὀξεῖαν	1	the sword with two sharp edges	This refers to a double-edged sword, which is sharpened on both sides to cut both directions. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md)
58	REV	2	13	ryn6	figs-metonymy	ὁ θρόνος τοῦ Σατανᾶ	1	Satan's throne	Possible meanings are 1) Satan's power and evil influence on people, or 2) the place where Satan rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
59	REV	2	13	lu4b	translate-names	Ἀντιπᾶς	1	Antipas	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
60	REV	2	14	j3nc	translate-names	τῷ Βαλὰκ	1	Balak	This is the name of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
61	REV	2	15	hc85	translate-names	Νικολαϊτῶν	1	Nicolaitans	This was the name for a group of people who followed the teachings of a man named Nicolaus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:6](../02/06.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
62	REV	2	16	rwa4		μετανόησον οὖν	1	Repent, therefore	So repent
63	REV	2	16	fd6u		πολεμήσω μετ’ αὐτῶν	1	wage war against them	fight against them
64	REV	2	18	b83m			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Thyatira.
65	REV	2	18	kd5v	translate-names	Θυατείροις	1	Thyatira	This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
66	REV	2	18	q3w9	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Son of God	This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
67	REV	2	22	h8fz		τοὺς μοιχεύοντας	1	commit adultery	practice adultery
68	REV	2	23	kx34		τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς ἀποκτενῶ ἐν θανάτῳ	1	I will strike her children dead	I will kill her children
69	REV	2	27	c9gu			0	He will rule ... break them into pieces	This is a prophecy from the Old Testament about a king of Israel, but Jesus applied it here to those to whom he gives authority over the nations.
70	REV	2	28	hr39	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ πατρός μου	1	my Father	This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
71	REV	2	28	g5iy	writing-symlanguage	ἀστέρα τὸν πρωϊνόν	1	morning star	This is a bright star that sometimes appears early in the morning just before dawn. It was a symbol of victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
72	REV	3	1	k6b7			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Sardis.
73	REV	3	1	q7n9	translate-names	Σάρδεσιν	1	Sardis	This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
74	REV	3	1	t8wv	writing-symlanguage	τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἀστέρας	1	the seven stars	These stars are symbols that represent the seven angels of the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
75	REV	3	1	ty18	figs-metaphor		0	alive ... dead	Obeying and honoring God is spoken of as being alive; disobeying and dishonoring him is spoken of as being dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
76	REV	3	3	ypw4	figs-simile	ἥξω ὡς κλέπτης	1	I will come as a thief	Jesus will come at a time when people do not expect him, just as a thief comes when not expected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
77	REV	3	5	d7l5		ἐνώπιον τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	before my Father	in the presence of my Father
78	REV	3	5	bi3h	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	my Father	This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
79	REV	3	7	rf9b			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Philadelphia.
80	REV	3	7	mm6x	translate-names	Φιλαδελφίᾳ	1	Philadelphia	This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
81	REV	3	7	ih6i	writing-symlanguage	κλεῖν Δαυείδ	1	key of David	Jesus speaks of his authority to decide who may go into his kingdom as if it were King David's key. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
82	REV	3	7	aam6			0	he opens and no one shuts	he opens the door to the kingdom and no one can close it
83	REV	3	7	pzy2		κλείων καὶ οὐδεὶς ἀνοίγει	1	he shuts and no one can open	he closes the door and no one can open it
84	REV	3	8	j1x7		δέδωκα ἐνώπιόν σου θύραν ἠνεῳγμένην	1	I have put before you an open door	I have opened a door for you
85	REV	3	9	x78m	figs-metaphor	συναγωγῆς τοῦ Σατανᾶ	1	synagogue of Satan	People who gather to obey or honor Satan are spoken of as if they were in a synagogue, a place of worship and teaching for the Jews. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:9](../02/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
86	REV	3	10	e6bw	figs-metaphor		0	is coming	Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
87	REV	3	14	r6bz			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Laodicea.
88	REV	3	14	wzg9	translate-names	Λαοδικίᾳ	1	Laodicea	This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
89	REV	3	19	sf66		ζήλευε ... καὶ μετανόησον	1	be earnest and repent	be serious and repent
90	REV	3	20	une1	figs-metaphor	καὶ ... δειπνήσω μετ’ αὐτοῦ	1	and will eat with him	This represents being together as friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
91	REV	3	21	h9pf			0	Connecting Statement:	This is the end of the Son of Man's messages to the angels of the seven churches.
92	REV	3	21	un17	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	my Father	This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
93	REV	4	intro	cl9f			0		# Revelation 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 8 and 11.<br><br>John has finished describing the letters to the churches. He now begins to describe a vision that God showed him.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jasper, carnelian, and emerald<br><br>These words refer to kinds of special stones that the people in John's day considered valuable. It may be difficult for you to translate these words if people in your culture do not value special kinds of stones.<br><br>### Twenty-four elders<br><br>Elders are church leaders. Twenty-four elders may be symbolic of the whole church through the ages. There were twelve tribes in Old Testament Israel and twelve apostles in the New Testament church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>### Seven spirits of God<br><br>These spirits are the seven spirits of [Revelation 1:4](../../rev/01/04.md).<br><br>### Giving glory to God<br><br>God's glory is the great beauty and radiant majesty that God has because he is God. Other Bible writers describe it as if it were a light so bright that no one can look at it. No one can give God this kind of glory, because it is already his. When people give glory to God or when God receives glory, people say that God has the glory that is his, that it is right for God to have that glory, and that people should worship God because he has that glory. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/worthy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/worship]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Difficult images<br><br>Such things as bolts of lightning coming from the throne, lamps that are spirits, and a sea in front of the throne may be difficult to imagine, and so the words for them may be difficult to translate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br>
94	REV	4	1	ws2q			0	General Information:	John begins to describe his vision of the throne of God.
95	REV	4	1	z8r8	figs-metaphor	θύρα ἠνεῳγμένη ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ	1	an open door in heaven	This expression stands for the ability that God gave John to see into heaven, at least by means of a vision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
96	REV	4	1	j713		σάλπιγγος	1	trumpet	This refers to an instrument for producing music or for calling people to gather together for an announcement or meeting. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:10](../01/10.md).
97	REV	4	3	m4mi	translate-unknown	λίθῳ, ἰάσπιδι καὶ σαρδίῳ	1	jasper and carnelian	These are valuable stones. Jasper may have been clear like glass or crystal, and carnelian may have been red. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
98	REV	4	3	aap1	translate-unknown	σμαραγδίνῳ	1	emerald	a green, valuable stone (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
99	REV	4	4	ivw8		στεφάνους χρυσοῦς	1	golden crowns	These were likenesses of wreaths of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. Such crowns, made of leaves, were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads.
100	REV	4	5	ryb1		ἀστραπαὶ	1	flashes of lightning	Use your language's way of describing what lightning looks like each time it appears.
101	REV	4	5	u1da		φωναὶ, καὶ βρονταί	1	rumblings, and crashes of thunder	These are the loud noises that thunder makes. Use your language's way of describing the sound of thunder.
102	REV	4	7	d84n	figs-simile		0	The first living creature was like a lion, the second living creature was like a calf, the third living creature had a face like a man, and the fourth living creature was like a flying eagle	How the head of each living creature appeared to John is expressed as a comparison with something more familiar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
103	REV	4	8	n8g2		κυκλόθεν καὶ ἔσωθεν γέμουσιν ὀφθαλμῶν	1	full of eyes on top and underneath	The top and bottom of each wing was covered with eyes.
104	REV	4	8	y1u5	figs-metaphor	ὁ ... ἐρχόμενος	1	who is to come	Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
105	REV	4	9	xj6b		εὐχαριστίαν, τῷ καθημένῳ ἐπὶ τῷ θρόνῳ, τῷ ζῶντι εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων	1	the one who sits on the throne, the one who lives forever and ever	This is one person. The one who sits on the throne lives forever and ever.
106	REV	4	10	c2vg		πεσοῦνται	1	fall down	They purposely lie down facing the ground to show that they are worshiping.
107	REV	5	1	txr5			0	Connecting Statement:	John continues to describe what he saw in his vision of the throne of God.
108	REV	5	1	w3yi		καὶ εἶδον	1	Then I saw	After I saw those things, I saw
109	REV	5	1	yhm3		βιβλίον, γεγραμμένον ἔσωθεν καὶ ὄπισθεν	1	a scroll written on the front and on the back	a scroll with writing on the front and the back
110	REV	5	1	aj7m		κατεσφραγισμένον σφραγῖσιν ἑπτά	1	sealed with seven seals	and it had seven seals keeping it closed
111	REV	5	5	b6wg	figs-metaphor	ὁ λέων	1	The Lion	The king is spoken of as if he were a lion because a lion is very strong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
112	REV	5	6	v99j	writing-participants		0	General Information:	The Lamb appears in the throne room. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
113	REV	5	8	e3fh	writing-symlanguage	τοῦ Ἀρνίου	1	the Lamb	This is a young male sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
114	REV	5	8	qak6	writing-symlanguage	φιάλας χρυσᾶς γεμούσας θυμιαμάτων, αἵ εἰσιν αἱ προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων	1	a golden bowl full of incense, which are the prayers of the saints	The incense here is a symbol for the believers' prayers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
115	REV	5	9	j1jn		ἐσφάγης	1	slaughtered	If your language has a word for killing an animal for a sacrifice, consider using it here.
116	REV	5	9	zzc7		ἐκ πάσης φυλῆς ... γλώσσης ... λαοῦ, καὶ ἔθνους	1	from every tribe, language, people, and nation	This means that people from every ethnic group are included.
117	REV	5	12	gnv1			0	Worthy is the Lamb who has been slaughtered	The Lamb who has been slaughtered is worthy
118	REV	5	13	sad6	figs-merism	ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, καὶ ὑποκάτω τῆς γῆς	1	in heaven and on the earth and under the earth	This means everywhere: the place where God and the angels live, the place where people and animals live, and the place where those who have died are. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:3](../05/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
119	REV	5	13	t3zy			0	To the one who sits on the throne and to the Lamb be	May he who sits on the throne and the Lamb have
120	REV	6	intro	zkn7			0		# Revelation 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The author describes what happened after the Lamb opens each of the first six seals. The Lamb does not open the seventh seal until Chapter 8.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Seven Seals<br>Kings and important people in John's time wrote important documents on large pieces of paper or animal skin. They then rolled them up and sealed them with wax so they would stay closed. Only the person to whom the document was written had the authority to open it by breaking the seal. In this chapter, the Lamb opens the seals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>### The Four Horsemen<br>As the Lamb opens each of the first four seals, the author describes horsemen riding different colored horses. The colors of the horses seem to symbolize how the rider will affect the earth.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### The Lamb<br>This refers to Jesus. In this chapter, it is also a title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lamb]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Similes<br>In verses 12-14, the author uses several similes to try to describe the images he sees in the vision. He compares the images to everyday things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br>
121	REV	6	1	i392			0	Connecting Statement:	John continues to describe the events that happened before the throne of God. The Lamb begins to open the seals on the scroll.
122	REV	6	1	be7p		ἔρχου	1	Come!	This is a command to one person, apparently the rider of the white horse who is spoken of in verse 2.
123	REV	6	2	r5mh		στέφανος	1	a crown	This was a wreath of olive branches or of laurel leaves like the wreaths that winning athletes received in contests at the time of John.
124	REV	6	5	rm4y		ζυγὸν	1	a pair of scales	a tool used for weighing things
125	REV	6	6	ej1v		καὶ ... τὸ ἔλαιον καὶ τὸν οἶνον μὴ ἀδικήσῃς	1	But do not harm the oil and the wine	If the oil and wine were harmed, there would be less of them for people to buy, and their prices would go up.
126	REV	6	6	c5ik	figs-metonymy	τὸ ἔλαιον καὶ τὸν οἶνον	1	the oil and the wine	These expressions probably stand for the olive oil harvest and the grape harvest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
127	REV	6	8	tjw8	figs-metonymy	ῥομφαίᾳ	1	the sword	A sword is a weapon, and here it represents war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
128	REV	6	8	n9x3		ὑπὸ τῶν θηρίων τῆς γῆς	1	with the wild animals of the earth	This means that Death and Hades would cause the wild animals to attack and kill people.
129	REV	6	14	jyb7	figs-simile	ὁ οὐρανὸς ἀπεχωρίσθη ὡς βιβλίον ἑλισσόμενον	1	The sky vanished like a scroll that was being rolled up	The sky was normally thought of as being strong like a sheet of metal, but now it was weak like a sheet of paper and easily torn and rolled up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
130	REV	6	15	m6j6		οἱ ... χιλίαρχοι	1	the generals	This word refers to the warriors who command in the battle.
131	REV	6	15	vl6h		τὰ σπήλαια	1	caves	large holes in the sides of hills
132	REV	6	17	i7t4	figs-metaphor	ἦλθεν	1	has come	Existing now is spoken of as having come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
133	REV	7	intro	f27i			0		# Revelation 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Scholars have interpreted parts of this chapter in many different ways. Translators do not need to fully understand what this chapter means to accurately translate its contents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>It is important to accurately translate the large numbers in this chapter. The number 144,000 is twelve times twelve thousand.<br><br>Translators should be aware that the tribes of the people of Israel are not listed in this chapter the same as they are generally listed in the Old Testament.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 5-8 and 15-17.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Worship<br>God saves his people and keeps them through times of trouble. His people respond by worshipping him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/worship]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### The Lamb<br>This refers to Jesus. In this chapter, it is also a title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
134	REV	7	1	b1yl			0	General Information:	John begins to describe a vision of 144,000 servants of God who become marked with seals. Their marking takes place after the Lamb opens the sixth seal and before he opens the seventh seal.
135	REV	7	3	je8m		μετώπων	1	foreheads	The forehead is the top of the face, above the eyes.
136	REV	7	7	ru7t			0	Connecting Statement:	This continues the list of the people of Israel who were sealed.
137	REV	7	9	cj5k			0	General Information:	John begins to describe a second vision about a multitude praising God. This vision also takes place after the Lamb opens the sixth seal and before he opens the seventh seal.
138	REV	7	10	m5az			0	Salvation belongs to	Salvation comes from
139	REV	7	11	a45p		τῶν ... τεσσάρων ζῴων	1	the four living creatures	These are the four creatures mentioned in [Revelation 4:6-8](../04/06.md).
140	REV	7	12	lf1m			0	Praise, glory ... be to our God	Our God is worthy of all praise, glory, wisdom, thanks, honor, power and strength
141	REV	7	12	d74f			0	forever and ever	These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the praise will never end.
142	REV	7	13	wz8z		περιβεβλημένοι τὰς στολὰς τὰς λευκὰς	1	clothed with white robes	These white robes showed that they were righteous.
143	REV	7	15	q73i			0	Connecting Statement:	The elder continues to speak to John.
144	REV	7	15	qs23			0	they ... them	These words refer to those people who have come through the great tribulation.
145	REV	7	16	p6u7			0	They ... them	These words refer to those people who have come through the great tribulation.
146	REV	7	17	wc49			0	their ... them	These words refer to those people who have come through the great tribulation.
147	REV	7	17	b5rp		τὸ Ἀρνίον ... ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ θρόνου	1	the Lamb at the center of the throne	the Lamb, who is standing in the middle of the area around the throne
148	REV	8	intro	ma7f			0		# Revelation 08 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Seven seals and seven trumpets<br>This chapter begins to show what happens when the Lamb opens the seventh seal. God uses the prayers of all believers to cause dramatic things to happen on earth. John then describes what happens when angels sound the first four of seven trumpets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Passive voice<br>John uses the passive voice several times in this chapter. This hides who performs the action. This will be difficult to convey if the translator's language does not have a passive voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])<br><br>### Similes<br>In verses 8 and 10, John uses similes to try to describe the images he sees in the vision. He compares the images to everyday things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br>
149	REV	8	1	d652			0	Connecting Statement:	The Lamb opens the seventh seal.
150	REV	8	3	f9g9			0	he would offer it	he would offer the incense to God by burning it
151	REV	8	6	xys5			0	General Information:	The seven angels sound the seven trumpets, one at a time.
152	REV	8	10	int4		λαμπάς	1	torch	a stick with one end lit on fire to provide light
153	REV	8	11	g4q5		ἀπέθανον ἐκ τῶν ὑδάτων, ὅτι ἐπικράνθησαν	1	died from the waters that became bitter	died when they drank the bitter water
154	REV	9	1	d26c			0	Connecting Statement:	The fifth of the seven angels begins to sound his trumpet.
155	REV	9	1	jim6		εἶδον ἀστέρα ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πεπτωκότα	1	I saw a star from heaven that had fallen	John saw the star after it had fallen. He did not watch if fall.
156	REV	9	1	v12j		ἡ κλεὶς τοῦ φρέατος τῆς Ἀβύσσου	1	the key to the shaft of the bottomless pit	the key that unlocks the shaft of the bottomless pit
157	REV	9	1	p886		τῆς Ἀβύσσου	1	the bottomless pit	This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom.
158	REV	9	2	nd4n		ἐσκοτώθη	1	turned dark	became dark
159	REV	9	3	mb9m	translate-unknown	ἀκρίδες	1	locusts	insects that fly together in large groups. People fear them because they can eat up all the leaves in gardens and on trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
160	REV	9	3	mjf1	translate-unknown	σκορπίοι	1	scorpions	small insects with poisonous stingers on their tails. Their sting is extremely painful and the pain lasts a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
161	REV	9	4	cl6p		ἐρρέθη αὐταῖς ... μὴ ἀδικήσουσιν τὸν χόρτον τῆς γῆς, οὐδὲ πᾶν χλωρὸν, οὐδὲ ... δένδρον	1	They were told not to damage the grass on the earth or any green plant or tree	Ordinary locusts were a terrible threat to people because when they swarm, they can eat up all the grass and all the leaves on plants and trees. These locusts were told not to do this.
162	REV	9	4	tl6n		μετώπων	1	foreheads	The forehead is the top of the face, above the eyes.
163	REV	9	5	vfj7		αὐτούς	1	those people	the people whom the locusts were stinging
164	REV	9	5	nm7q			0	to torture them for five months	The locusts would be allowed to do this for five months.
165	REV	9	5	a3dw			0	to torture them	to make them suffer terrible pain
166	REV	9	5	qtk9		βασανισμὸς ... σκορπίου	1	the sting of a scorpion	A scorpion is a small insect with a poisonous stinger at the end of its long tail. The sting can cause severe pain or even death.
167	REV	9	7	zh82			0	General Information:	These locusts did not look like ordinary locusts. John describes them by telling how parts of them looked like other things.
168	REV	9	7	s9gl		στέφανοι ὅμοιοι χρυσῷ	1	crowns of gold	These were likenesses of wreaths of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. Examples actually made of leaves were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads.
169	REV	9	10	lim1		ἐν ταῖς οὐραῖς αὐτῶν ἡ ἐξουσία αὐτῶν ἀδικῆσαι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους μῆνας πέντε	1	in their tails they had power to harm people for five months	Possible meanings are 1) they had power for five months to harm people or 2) they could sting people and the people would be in pain for five months.
170	REV	9	11	fiu6		τῆς Ἀβύσσου	1	the bottomless pit	This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
171	REV	9	12	ts26	figs-metaphor		0	there are still two disasters to come	Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
172	REV	9	13	cyb6			0	Connecting Statement:	The sixth of the seven angels begins to sound his trumpet.
173	REV	9	13	q3a3		κεράτων τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου τοῦ χρυσοῦ	1	horns of the golden altar	These are horn-shaped extensions at each of the four corners of the top of the altar.
174	REV	9	16	h8uf			0	General Information:	Suddenly, 200,000,000 soldiers on horseback appear in John's vision. John is no longer speaking about the four angels mentioned in the previous verse.
175	REV	9	17	mzf7		ἐκ τῶν στομάτων αὐτῶν ἐκπορεύεται πῦρ ... καπνὸς, καὶ θεῖον	1	out of their mouths came fire, smoke, and sulfur	fire, smoke, and sulfur came out of their mouths
176	REV	9	18	q9mp			0	Connecting Statement:	John continues to describe the horses and the plagues brought upon humanity.
177	REV	10	1	xr6f			0	General Information:	John begins to describe a vision of a mighty angel holding a scroll. In John's vision he is viewing what is happening from earth. This takes place between the blowing of the sixth and seventh trumpets.
178	REV	10	1	jj2e	figs-metaphor	περιβεβλημένον νεφέλην	1	He was robed in a cloud	John speaks of the angel as if he were wearing a cloud as his clothing. This expression may be understood as metaphor. However, because very unusual things were often seen in visions, it might be understood as a literally true statement in its context. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
179	REV	10	2	l3r8		ἔθηκεν τὸν πόδα αὐτοῦ τὸν δεξιὸν ἐπὶ τῆς θαλάσσης, τὸν δὲ εὐώνυμον ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς	1	He put his right foot on the sea and his left foot on the land	He stood with his right foot on the sea and his left foot on the land
180	REV	10	3	ubb9		καὶ ἔκραξεν	1	Then he shouted	Then the angel shouted
181	REV	10	5	l5xy	translate-symaction	ἦρεν τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ τὴν δεξιὰν εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν	1	raised his right hand to heaven	He did this to show that he was swearing by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
182	REV	10	6	t2f6		ὤμοσεν τῷ ζῶντι εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων	1	He swore by the one who lives forever and ever	He asked that what he was going to say would be confirmed by the one who lives forever and ever
183	REV	10	8	t61f			0	Connecting Statement:	John hears the voice from heaven, which he had heard in [Revelation 10:4](../10/04.md), speak to him again.
184	REV	10	8	tkq7		ἤκουσα	1	I heard	John heard
185	REV	10	9	x13b		λέγει μοι	1	He said to me	The angel said to me
186	REV	11	1	ba9b			0	General Information:	John begins to describe a vision about receiving a measuring rod and two witnesses that God appointed. This vision also takes place between the blowing of the sixth and seventh trumpets.
187	REV	11	1	ha6e		τοὺς προσκυνοῦντας ἐν αὐτῷ	1	those who worship in it	count those who worship in the temple
188	REV	11	2	jae6		πατήσουσιν	1	trample	to treat something as worthless by walking on it
189	REV	11	3	jk7r			0	Connecting Statement:	God continues speaking to John.
190	REV	11	6	a7ed		στρέφειν	1	to turn	to change
191	REV	11	7	i679		Ἀβύσσου	1	bottomless pit	This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
192	REV	11	8	r45p		τὰ πτώματα αὐτῶν	1	Their bodies	This refers to the bodies of the two witnesses.
193	REV	11	8	iea1		ὁ Κύριος αὐτῶν	1	their Lord	They served the Lord, and like him would die in that city.
194	REV	11	9	bp61			0	They will not permit them to be placed in a tomb	This will be a sign of disrespect.
195	REV	11	10	dm89		χαίρουσιν ἐπ’ αὐτοῖς, καὶ εὐφραίνονται	1	will rejoice over them and celebrate	will rejoice that the two witnesses have died
196	REV	11	10	trs2	translate-symaction		0	even send gifts to one another	This action shows how happy the people were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
197	REV	11	10	h4pq		ὅτι οὗτοι ... δύο προφῆται ἐβασάνισαν τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς	1	because these two prophets tormented those who lived on the earth	This is the reason that the people will be so happy that the witnesses have died.
198	REV	11	12	f8ze		καὶ ἤκουσαν	1	Then they will hear	Possible meanings are 1) the two witnesses will hear or 2) the people will hear what is said to the two witnesses.
199	REV	11	12	l1x7		λεγούσης αὐτοῖς	1	say to them	say to the two witnesses
200	REV	11	13	f4r2		ἔδωκαν δόξαν τῷ Θεῷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ	1	give glory to the God of heaven	say that the God of heaven is glorious
201	REV	11	15	l1be			0	Connecting Statement:	The last of the seven angels begins to sound his trumpet.
202	REV	11	15	sw4u		ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ	1	The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ	Our Lord and his Christ are now the rulers of the world
203	REV	11	18	kx7k			0	Connecting Statement:	The twenty-four elders continue praising God.
204	REV	11	18	amc2		ὠργίσθησαν	1	were enraged	were extremely angry
205	REV	11	19	b6ly		ἀστραπαὶ	1	flashes of lightning	Use your language's way of describing what lightning looks like each time it appears. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:5](../04/05.md).
206	REV	11	19	ap5g		φωναὶ ... βρονταὶ	1	rumblings, crashes of thunder	These are the loud noises that thunder makes. Use your language's way of describing the sound of thunder. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:5](../04/05.md).
207	REV	12	1	n4ii			0	General Information:	John begins to describe a woman who appears in his vision.
208	REV	12	1	tg62		στέφανος ἀστέρων δώδεκα	1	a crown of twelve stars	This was apparently a likeness of a wreath made of laurel leaves or olive branches, but with twelve stars included in it.
209	REV	12	3	y4c1			0	Connecting Statement:	John describes a dragon that appears in his vision.
210	REV	12	3	s1j6	writing-symlanguage	δράκων	1	dragon	This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
211	REV	12	4	r1lr		ἡ οὐρὰ αὐτοῦ σύρει τὸ τρίτον τῶν ἀστέρων	1	His tail swept away a third of the stars	With his tail he swept away a third of the stars
212	REV	12	5	zr5q	figs-metaphor	ποιμαίνειν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ἐν ῥάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ	1	rule all the nations with an iron rod	Ruling harshly is spoken of as ruling with an iron rod. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 2:27](../02/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
213	REV	12	7	tb66		καὶ	1	Now	John uses this word to mark a shift in his account to introduce something else happening in his vision.
214	REV	12	8	uj6a			0	So there was no longer any place in heaven for him and his angels	So the dragon and his angels could no longer stay in heaven
215	REV	12	10	yg1a		ἐβλήθη ὁ κατήγορος τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἡμῶν	1	the accuser of our brothers has been thrown down	This is the dragon that was thrown down in [Revelation 12:9](../12/09.md).
216	REV	12	11	lkk6			0	Connecting Statement:	The loud voice from heaven continues to speak.
217	REV	12	11	qmg8		αὐτοὶ ἐνίκησαν αὐτὸν	1	They conquered him	They conquered the accuser
218	REV	12	13	z3hb		ἐδίωξεν τὴν γυναῖκα	1	he pursued the woman	he chased after the woman
219	REV	12	14	sxw1		τοῦ ... ὄφεως	1	the serpent	This is another way of referring to the dragon.
220	REV	12	15	c73v		ὄφις	1	serpent	This is the same being as the dragon mentioned earlier in [Revelation 12:9](../12/09.md).
221	REV	12	15	a9wh		αὐτὴν ποταμοφόρητον	1	to sweep her away	to wash her away
222	REV	13	intro	c9mw			0		# Revelation 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of verse 10, which are from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Similes<br>John uses many similes in this chapter. They help to describe the images that he sees in his vision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Unknown animals<br>John uses different animals to try to describe what he saw. Some of these animals may not be known in the target language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])<br>
223	REV	13	2	xa3a		ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ ὁ δράκων τὴν δύναμιν αὐτοῦ	1	The dragon gave his power to it	The dragon made the beast as powerful as he was. He did not lose his power, however, by giving it to the beast.
224	REV	13	2	c4wx			0	his power ... his throne, and his great authority to rule	These are three ways of referring to his authority, and together they emphasize that the authority was great.
225	REV	13	3	xx3h		ὀπίσω τοῦ θηρίου	1	followed the beast	obeyed the beast
226	REV	13	4	yuu8		ἔδωκεν τὴν ἐξουσίαν τῷ θηρίῳ	1	he had given his authority to the beast	he had caused the beast to have as much authority as he had
227	REV	13	6	ru6v		εἰς βλασφημίας πρὸς τὸν Θεόν	1	to speak blasphemies against God	to say disrespectful things about God
228	REV	13	6	k71y			0	blaspheming his name, the place where he lives, and those who live in heaven	These phrases tell how the beast spoke blasphemies against God.
229	REV	13	7	f5rl		πᾶσαν φυλὴν ... λαὸν ... γλῶσσαν, καὶ ἔθνος	1	every tribe, people, language, and nation	This means that people from every ethnic group are included. See how you translated a similar list in [Revelation 5:9](../05/09.md).
230	REV	13	8	nr7r		προσκυνήσουσιν αὐτὸν	1	will worship it	will worship the beast
231	REV	13	8	nj7e		ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου	1	since the creation of the world	when God created the world
232	REV	13	9	tdy8			0	General Information:	These verses are a break from John's account of his vision. Here he give a warning to the people reading his account.
233	REV	13	10	pk8r			0	Here is a call for the patient endurance and faith of the saints	God's holy people must endure patiently and be faithful
234	REV	13	11	pg7g			0	Connecting Statement:	John begins to describe another beast who appears in his vision.
235	REV	13	12	a2fp		τὴν ... γῆν καὶ τοὺς ἐν αὐτῇ κατοικοῦντας	1	the earth and those who live on it	everyone on the earth
236	REV	13	13	z2ws		ποιεῖ	1	It performed	The beast from the earth performed
237	REV	13	15	dey8		τῇ εἰκόνι τοῦ θηρίου	1	the beast's image	This is the image of the first beast that had been mentioned.
238	REV	13	15	ruk5			0	cause all who refused to worship the beast to be killed	put to death anyone who refused to worship the first beast
239	REV	13	16	h9u9		καὶ ποιεῖ πάντας	1	It also forced everyone	The beast from the earth also forced everyone
240	REV	13	17	j8x4		τὸ χάραγμα ... τοῦ θηρίου	1	the mark of the beast	This was an identifying mark that indicated that the person who received it worshiped the beast.
241	REV	13	18	i46m			0	General Information:	This verse is a break from John's account of his vision. Here he gives another warning to the people reading his account.
242	REV	13	18	bbn2		ἀριθμὸς ... ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν	1	is the number of a human being	Possible meanings are 1) the number represents one person or 2) the number represents all of humanity.
243	REV	14	intro	q71v			0		# Revelation 14 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Harvest<br><br>Harvest is when people go out to gather ripe food from plants. Jesus used this as a metaphor to teach his followers that they need to go and tell other people about him so those people can be part of God's kingdom. This chapter uses the metaphor of two harvests. Jesus gathers in his people from the whole earth. Then an angel gathers in wicked people whom God will punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br>
244	REV	14	1	ck6y			0	Connecting Statement:	John begins to describe the next part of his vision. There are 144,000 believers standing before the Lamb.
245	REV	14	1	rf47	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτοῦ	1	his Father	This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
246	REV	14	2	hwu4		φωνὴν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ	1	a voice from heaven	a sound from heaven
247	REV	14	6	n1fr			0	Connecting Statement:	John begins to describe the next part of his vision. This is the first of three angels who proclaim judgment on the earth.
248	REV	14	6	pp1l		πᾶν ἔθνος ... φυλὴν ... γλῶσσαν, καὶ λαόν	1	every nation, tribe, language, and people	This means that people from every ethnic group are included. See how you translated a similar list in [Revelation 5:9](../05/09.md).
249	REV	14	8	kg1i	figs-metonymy	ἣ ... πεπότικεν	1	who persuaded	Babylon is spoken of as if it were a person, instead of a city filled with people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
250	REV	14	8	v3zk	figs-personification	τοῦ ... θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς	1	her immoral passion	Babylon is spoken of as if it were a prostitute who has caused other people to sin along with her. This may well have a double meaning: literal sexual immorality and also the worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
251	REV	14	9	z6xp		ἐν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ	1	with a loud voice	loudly
252	REV	14	10	bb38	writing-symlanguage	τοῦ ... κεκερασμένου ἀκράτου	1	that has been poured undiluted	This means that the wine has no water mixed into it. It is strong, and a person who drinks much of it will get very drunk. As a symbol, it means that God will be extremely angry, not just a little angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
253	REV	14	10	zl4g	writing-symlanguage	ποτηρίῳ τῆς ὀργῆς αὐτοῦ	1	cup of his anger	This symbolic cup holds the wine that represents God's anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
254	REV	14	11	hh91			0	Connecting Statement:	The third angel continues to speak.
255	REV	14	13	x62q		οἱ νεκροὶ οἱ ... ἀποθνῄσκοντες	1	the dead who die	those who die
256	REV	14	13	vd4m		τῶν κόπων	1	labors	difficulties and sufferings
257	REV	14	14	ft6v	writing-symlanguage		0		John begins to describe the next part of his vision. This part is about the Son of Man harvesting the earth. Harvesting the grain is a symbol of God's judging people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
258	REV	14	14	gvw8	figs-simile	ὅμοιον Υἱὸν Ἀνθρώπου	1	one like a son of man	This expression describes a human figure, someone who looks human. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:13](../01/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
259	REV	14	14	i8se		στέφανον χρυσοῦν	1	golden crown	This was the likeness of a wreath of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. Examples actually made of leaves were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads.
260	REV	14	14	l89c	translate-unknown	δρέπανον	1	sickle	a tool with a curved blade used for cutting grass, grain, and vines (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
261	REV	14	15	v6dy		ἐξῆλθεν ἐκ τοῦ ναοῦ	1	came out of the temple	came out of the heavenly temple
262	REV	14	15	v2xf	figs-metaphor	ἦλθεν ἡ ὥρα θερίσαι	1	the time to reap has come	Existing in the present is spoken of as having come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
263	REV	14	17	fb4y			0	Connecting Statement:	John continues describing his vision about the earth being harvested.
264	REV	14	19	f3mn		τὴν ... ληνὸν τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ τὸν μέγαν	1	the great wine vat of God's wrath	the large wine vat where God will show his wrath
265	REV	14	20	xt4z		ἄχρι τῶν χαλινῶν τῶν ἵππων	1	up to the height of a horse's bridle	as high as the bridle in a horse's mouth
266	REV	14	20	m2i9		τῶν χαλινῶν	1	bridle	a device made of leather straps that goes around a horse's head and is used for directing the horse
267	REV	15	1	p98c			0	General Information:	This verse is a summary of what will happen in 15:6-16:21.
268	REV	15	1	w6lf			0	seven angels with seven plagues	seven angels who had authority to send seven plagues on the earth
269	REV	15	1	mw7g			0	which are the final plagues	and after them, there will not be any more plagues
270	REV	15	1	gdt5		ὅτι ἐν αὐταῖς ἐτελέσθη ὁ θυμὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	for with them the wrath of God will be completed	Possible meanings are 1) these plagues will show all of God's anger or 2) after these plagues, God will no longer be angry.
271	REV	15	2	ytq6			0	General Information:	Here John begins to describe his vision of the people who had been victorious over the beast and who are praising God.
272	REV	15	2	lra7		τοῦ ... ἀριθμοῦ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ	1	the number representing his name	This refers to the number described in [Revelation 13:18](../13/18.md).
273	REV	15	3	l5hu		ᾄδουσιν	1	They were singing	Those who had been victorious over the beast were singing
274	REV	15	5	v4ye			0	Connecting Statement:	The seven angels with the seven plagues come out of the most holy place. They were spoken of previously in [Revelation 15:1](../15/01.md).
275	REV	15	5	da6n		μετὰ ταῦτα	1	After these things	After the people finished singing
276	REV	15	6	f9gq		οἱ ἑπτὰ ἄγγελοι οἱ ἔχοντες τὰς ἑπτὰ πληγὰς	1	the seven angels holding the seven plagues	These angels were seen as holding seven plagues because in [Revelation 17:7](../17/07.md) they are given seven bowls full of the wrath of God.
277	REV	15	6	nei2		λίθον	1	linen	a fine, expensive cloth made from flax
278	REV	15	6	w9kw		ζώνας	1	sashes	A sash is a decorative piece of cloth worn on the upper body.
279	REV	15	8	s67r		ἄχρι τελεσθῶσιν αἱ ἑπτὰ πληγαὶ τῶν ἑπτὰ ἀγγέλων	1	until the seven plagues of the seven angels were completed	until the seven angels finished sending the seven plagues to the earth
280	REV	16	1	nj83			0	Connecting Statement:	John continues to describe the part of the vision about the seven angels with the seven plagues. The seven plagues are the seven bowls of God's wrath.
281	REV	16	2	nux1		χάραγμα τοῦ θηρίου	1	mark of the beast	This was an identifying mark that indicated that the person who received it worshiped the beast. See how you translated this in [Revelation 13:17](../13/17.md).
282	REV	16	3	sx66	figs-synecdoche	τὴν ... θάλασσαν	1	the sea	This refers to all the salt water lakes and oceans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
283	REV	16	4	xu1y	figs-synecdoche	ποταμοὺς καὶ τὰς πηγὰς τῶν ὑδάτων	1	rivers and the springs of water	This refers to all bodies of fresh water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
284	REV	16	5	f35a		τοῦ ἀγγέλου τῶν ὑδάτων	1	the angel of the waters	Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the third angel who was in charge of pouring out God's wrath on the rivers and springs of water or 2) this was another angel who was in charge of all the waters.
285	REV	16	6	jy6a		αἷμα ... αὐτοῖς ἔδωκας πιεῖν	1	you have given them blood to drink	God will make the evil people drink the waters that he turned to blood.
286	REV	16	9	rd4f	figs-metaphor	τὴν ἐξουσίαν ἐπὶ τὰς πληγὰς ταύτας	1	the power over these plagues	This refers to the power to inflict these plagues on people, and the power to stop the plagues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
287	REV	16	10	a2ud	figs-metonymy	τὸν θρόνον τοῦ θηρίου	1	the throne of the beast	This is where the beast reigns from. It may refer to the capital city of his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
288	REV	16	10	pb1u		ἐμασῶντο	1	They chewed	The people in the beast's kingdom chewed.
289	REV	16	11	kna6		ἐβλασφήμησαν	1	They blasphemed	The people in the beast's kingdom blasphemed.
290	REV	16	13	bb6d		ὡς βάτραχοι	1	looked like frogs	A frog is a small animal that lives near water. Jews considered them unclean animals.
291	REV	16	15	u3v8			0	General Information:	Verse 15 is a break from the main story line of John's vision. These are words spoken by Jesus. The story line continues in verse 16.
292	REV	16	15	l16g	figs-explicit		0	Look! I am coming ... his shameful condition	This is in parentheses to show that it is not part of the story line in the vision. Rather, this is something that the Lord Jesus said. It can be stated clearly that the Lord Jesus said this, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
293	REV	16	15	lgi6	figs-simile	ἔρχομαι ὡς κλέπτης	1	I am coming as a thief	Jesus will come at a time when people do not expect him, just as a thief comes when not expected. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 3:3](../03/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
294	REV	16	16	m2v7		συνήγαγεν αὐτοὺς	1	They brought them together	The spirits of the demons brought the kings and their armies together
295	REV	16	16	x6ff	translate-names	Ἁρμαγεδών	1	Armageddon	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
296	REV	16	17	ny8p			0	Connecting Statement:	The seventh angel pours out the seventh bowl of God's wrath.
297	REV	16	17	a15p	figs-metonymy		0	Then a loud voice came out of the temple and from the throne	This means someone sitting on the throne or someone standing near the throne spoke loudly. It is unclear who is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
298	REV	16	18	x586		ἀστραπαὶ	1	flashes of lightning	Use your language's way of describing what lightning looks like each time it appears. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:5](../04/05.md).
299	REV	16	18	c9fa		φωναὶ ... βρονταί	1	rumbles, crashes of thunder	These are the loud noises that thunder makes. Use your language's way of describing the sound of thunder. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:5](../04/05.md).
300	REV	16	20	eb5w			0	Connecting Statement:	This is part of the seventh bowl of God's wrath.
301	REV	17	1	ppd7			0	General Information:	John begins to describe the part of his vision about the great prostitute.
302	REV	17	2	ayw3	figs-metaphor	τῆς ... πορνείας αὐτῆς	1	her sexual immorality	This may well have a double meaning: sexual immorality among people and also the worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
303	REV	17	3	hf43	writing-background	ἀπήνεγκέν με εἰς ἔρημον ἐν Πνεύματι	1	carried me away in the Spirit to a wilderness	The setting changes from John being in heaven to being in a wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
304	REV	17	4	rw19	translate-unknown	μαργαρίταις	1	pearls	beautiful and valuable white beads. They are formed inside the shell of a certain kind of small animal that lives in the ocean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
305	REV	17	6	iq7b			0	General Information:	The angel begins to explain to John the meaning of the prostitute and the red beast. The angel explains these things through verse 18.
306	REV	17	6	iwz1			0	was drunk with the blood ... and with the blood	was drunk because she had drunk the blood ... and had drunk the blood
307	REV	17	6	yqi7		τῶν ... μαρτύρων Ἰησοῦ	1	the martyrs for Jesus	the believers who have died because they told others about Jesus
308	REV	17	6	ydi9		ἐθαύμασα	1	astonished	amazed, surprised
309	REV	17	8	upm7		τῆς Ἀβύσσου	1	the bottomless pit	This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
310	REV	17	8	glf1	figs-activepassive	εἰς ἀπώλειαν ὑπάγει	1	it will go on to destruction	The certainty of what will happen in the future is spoken of as if the beast were going to it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
311	REV	17	9	p3lb			0	Connecting Statement:	The angel continues speaking. Here he explains the meaning of the seven heads of the beast that the woman is riding.
312	REV	17	9	i6ta			0	This calls for	This makes it necessary to have
313	REV	17	11	b1ct		ἐκ τῶν ἑπτά ἐστιν	1	it is one of those seven kings	Possible meanings are 1) the beast rules twice: first as one of the seven kings, and then as the eighth king or 2) the beast belongs to that group of seven kings because he is like them.
314	REV	17	12	gq2m			0	Connecting Statement:	The angel continues speaking to John. Here he explains the meaning of the ten horns of the beast.
315	REV	17	15	zsh5		ὄχλοι	1	multitudes	large groups of people
316	REV	17	15	ua3s	figs-metonymy	γλῶσσαι	1	languages	This refers to people who speak the languages. See how you translated this in [Revelation 10:11](../10/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
317	REV	17	16	j157		ἠρημωμένην ποιήσουσιν αὐτὴν καὶ γυμνήν	1	make her desolate and naked	steal everything that she has and leave her with nothing
318	REV	17	18	w2lu			0	Connecting Statement:	The angel finishes speaking to John about the prostitute and the beast.
319	REV	18	intro	j5qc			0		# Revelation 18 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 1-8.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Prophecy<br><br>The angel prophesies about Babylon falling, which here means being destroyed. It is spoken of as having already happened. This is common in prophecy. It emphasizes that the coming judgment will certainly happen. The angel also prophesies that the people will lament over Babylon falling. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br><br>Prophecy frequently uses metaphors. This chapter has a slightly different apocalyptic style than the Book of Revelation overall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
320	REV	18	1	xxe5			0	Connecting Statement:	Another angel comes down from heaven and speaks. This is a different angel than the one in the previous chapter, who spoke about the prostitute and the beast.
321	REV	18	2	a2f5	figs-metaphor		0	Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great	The angel speaks of Babylon having been destroyed as if it had fallen. See how you translated this in [Revelation 14:8](../14/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
322	REV	18	3	kp3p	figs-personification	τοῦ ... θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς	1	her immoral passion	Babylon is spoken of as if it were a prostitute who has caused other people to sin along with her. This may well have a double meaning: literal sexual immorality and also the worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
323	REV	18	3	ejc5		ἔμποροι	1	merchants	A merchant is a person who sells things.
324	REV	18	3	ql37		ἐκ ... τῆς ... δυνάμεως τοῦ στρήνους αὐτῆς	1	from the power of her sensual way of living	because she spent so much money on sexual immorality
325	REV	18	4	e7c7			0	Connecting Statement:	Another voice from heaven begins to speak.
326	REV	18	7	i9bm			0	Connecting Statement:	The same voice from heaven continues speaking about Babylon as if it were a woman.
327	REV	18	7	we2t		ἐδόξασεν αὑτὴν	1	she glorified herself	the people of Babylon glorified themselves
328	REV	18	7	m3mg	figs-simile	κάθημαι‘ βασίλισσα	1	I am seated as a queen	She claims to be a ruler, having her own authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
329	REV	18	7	dy5k	figs-metaphor	χήρα οὐκ εἰμί	1	I am not a widow	She implies that she will not be dependent on other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
330	REV	18	8	u6r9	figs-metaphor	ἥξουσιν αἱ πληγαὶ αὐτῆς	1	her plagues will come	Existing in the future is spoken of a coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
331	REV	18	9	pmz9			0	Connecting Statement:	John tells what people say about Babylon.
332	REV	18	9	wk13		μετ’ αὐτῆς πορνεύσαντες καὶ στρηνιάσαντες	1	committed sexual immorality and went out of control with her	sinned sexually and did whatever they wanted just as the people of Babylon did
333	REV	18	10	qn81		οὐαὶ‘, οὐαί	1	Woe, woe	This is repeated for emphasis.
334	REV	18	10	hkd8	figs-metaphor	ἦλθεν ἡ κρίσις σου	1	your punishment has come	Existing in the present is spoken of as having come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
335	REV	18	11	fe7u		πενθοῦσιν ἐπ’ αὐτήν	1	mourn for her	mourn for the people of Babylon
336	REV	18	12	xm9u	translate-unknown	πορφύρας ... σιρικοῦ ... κοκκίνου	1	purple, silk, scarlet	Purple is a very dark red cloth that is very expensive. Silk is a soft, strong cloth made from the fine string that silkworms make when they make their cocoons. Scarlet is an expensive red cloth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
337	REV	18	12	hir4		πᾶν ... σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον	1	every vessel of ivory	all kinds of containers made of ivory
338	REV	18	12	b8xc	translate-unknown	μαρμάρου	1	marble	a precious stone used for building (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
339	REV	18	13	gz3v		κιννάμωμον	1	cinnamon	a spice that smells nice and comes from the bark of a certain kind of tree
340	REV	18	13	z894		ἄμωμον	1	spice	a substance used to add flavor to food or a good smell to oil
341	REV	18	14	a1aa		ἐπιθυμίας τῆς ψυχῆς	1	longed for with all your might	wanted very much
342	REV	18	16	rtm9	translate-unknown	μαργαρίτῃ	1	pearls	beautiful and valuable white beads. They are formed inside the shell of a certain kind of small animal that lives in the ocean. See how you translated this in [Revelation 17:4](../17/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
343	REV	18	21	b94u			0	Connecting Statement:	Another angel begins to speak about Babylon. This is a different angel than the ones who have spoken previously.
344	REV	18	21	el4e		μύλινον	1	millstone	a large round stone used to crush grain
345	REV	18	23	d3yq			0	Connecting Statement:	The angel who threw the millstone finishes talking.
346	REV	19	intro	h785			0		# Revelation 19 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The beginning of chapter 19 concludes the topic of Babylon falling.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 1-8.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Songs<br><br>The Book of Revelation often describes heaven as a place where people sing. They worship God with songs. This illustrates that heaven is a place where God is always worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])<br><br>### Wedding celebration<br><br>The wedding celebration or feast is an important image in Scripture. Jewish culture often pictured paradise, or life with God after death, as a feast. Here, the wedding feast is for the Lamb, who is Jesus, and his bride, who is all his people.<br>
347	REV	19	1	qu5h			0	General Information:	This is the next part of John's vision. Here he describes the rejoicing in heaven over the fall of the great prostitute, who is the city of Babylon.
348	REV	19	2	u1rp	figs-metaphor	τὴν πόρνην τὴν μεγάλην	1	the great prostitute	Here John refers to the city of Babylon whose wicked people rule over all the people of the earth and lead them to worship false gods. He speaks of the wicked people of Babylon as if they were a great prostitute. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
349	REV	19	5	qdb3	figs-merism		0	both the unimportant and the powerful	The speaker uses these words together to mean all of God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
350	REV	19	6	kq7n	figs-simile	καὶ ἤκουσα ὡς φωνὴν ὄχλου πολλοῦ ... ὡς φωνὴν ὑδάτων πολλῶν, καὶ ὡς φωνὴν βροντῶν ἰσχυρῶν	1	Then I heard what sounded like the voice of a great number of people, like the roar of many waters, and like loud crashes of thunder	John speaks of what he is hearing as if it were like the sound made by a very large crowd of people, a large body of rushing water, and very loud thunder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
351	REV	19	6	e3ua		ὅτι ... Κύριος	1	For the Lord	Because the Lord
352	REV	19	7	hi52			0	Connecting Statement:	The voice of the crowd from the previous verse continues speaking.
353	REV	19	7	bwf9	figs-metaphor		0	wedding celebration of the Lamb ... his bride has made herself ready	Here John speaks of the joining of Jesus and his people together forever as if it were a wedding celebration. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
354	REV	19	7	r5xt	writing-symlanguage	Ἀρνίου	1	Lamb	This is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
355	REV	19	7	j6d7	figs-metaphor	ἦλθεν	1	has come	Existing in the present is spoken of as having come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
356	REV	19	7	q9e4	figs-metaphor	ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ ἡτοίμασεν ἑαυτήν	1	his bride has made herself ready	John speaks of God's people as if they were a bride who has gotten ready for her wedding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
357	REV	19	9	ayc4			0	General Information:	An angel begins to speak to John. This is likely the same angel who began to speak to John in [Revelation 17:1](../17/01.md).
358	REV	19	9	q4ya	figs-metaphor	τὸ δεῖπνον τοῦ γάμου τοῦ Ἀρνίου	1	the wedding feast of the Lamb	Here the angel speaks of the joining of Jesus and his people forever as if it were a wedding feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
359	REV	19	10	uq6h		ἔπεσα ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ	1	I fell down at his feet	This means that John purposely lay on the ground and stretched himself out in reverence or submission. This action was an important part of worship, to show respect and willingness to serve. See note in [Revelation 19:3](../19/03.md).
360	REV	19	11	xx12			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of a new vision. John begins to describe a rider on a white horse.
361	REV	19	11	m1qn		καὶ εἶδον τὸν οὐρανὸν ἠνεῳγμένον	1	Then I saw heaven open	This imagery is used to signify the beginning of a new vision. See how you translated this idea in [Revelation 4:1](../04/01.md) and [Revelation 11:19](../11/19.md) and [Revelation 15:5](../15/05.md).
362	REV	19	11	hcs8		ὁ καθήμενος ... αὐτὸν	1	The one riding it	The rider is Jesus.
363	REV	19	12	p9ak	figs-simile		0	His eyes are like a fiery flame	John speaks of the rider's eyes as if they shone like a flame of fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
364	REV	19	15	m9yn		ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ ἐκπορεύεται ῥομφαία ὀξεῖα	1	Out of his mouth goes a sharp sword	The sword blade was sticking out of his mouth. The sword itself was not in motion. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md).
365	REV	19	15	uq4z	figs-metaphor	ποιμανεῖ αὐτοὺς ἐν ῥάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ	1	rule them with an iron rod	John speaks of the rider's power as if he were ruling with an iron rod. See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:5](../12/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
366	REV	19	18	khs9	figs-merism	ἐλευθέρων τε καὶ δούλων ... μικρῶν καὶ μεγάλων	1	both free and slave, the unimportant and the powerful	The angel uses these two sets of opposite-meaning words together to mean all people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
367	REV	19	20	gs37		τὸ ... χάραγμα τοῦ θηρίου	1	the mark of the beast	This was an identifying mark that indicated that the person who received it worshiped the beast. See how you translated this in [Revelation 13:17](../13/17.md).
368	REV	19	21	qk9t		τῇ ῥομφαίᾳ ... τῇ ἐξελθούσῃ ἐκ τοῦ στόματος	1	the sword that came out of the mouth	The sword blade was sticking out of his mouth. The sword itself was not in motion. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md).
369	REV	20	intro	c7eh			0		# Revelation 20 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The thousand-year reign of Christ<br><br>In this chapter, Jesus is said to reign for a thousand years, at the same time that Satan is bound. Scholars are divided over whether this refers to a future period of time or to Jesus reigning now from heaven. It is not necessary to understand this passage in order to translate it accurately. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>### Final rebellion<br><br>This chapter also describes what happens after the thousand years are ended. During this time, Satan and many people will attempt to rebel against Jesus. This will result in God's ultimate and final victory over sin and evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>### Great white throne<br><br>This chapter ends with God judging all people who ever lived. God separates people who believe in Jesus from those who do not believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Book of Life<br><br>This is a metaphor for eternal life. Those possessing eternal life are said to have their names written in this Book of Life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Hades and the lake of fire<br>These appear to be two distinct places. The translator may wish to do further research to determine how to translate these two places differently. They should not be made the same as each other in translation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]])<br>
370	REV	20	1	rkv7			0	General Information:	John begins to describe a vision of an angel throwing the devil into the bottomless pit.
371	REV	20	1	c18c		Ἀβύσσου	1	bottomless pit	This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
372	REV	20	2	r6es	writing-symlanguage	δράκοντα	1	dragon	This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
373	REV	20	4	lw2r			0	General Information:	This is the next part of John's vision. He describes suddenly seeing thrones and the souls of believers.
374	REV	20	4	tut2		διὰ τὴν μαρτυρίαν Ἰησοῦ, καὶ διὰ τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	for the testimony about Jesus and for the word of God	because they had spoken the truth about Jesus and about the word of God
375	REV	20	5	cw4j		οἱ λοιποὶ τῶν νεκρῶν	1	The rest of the dead	All of the other dead people
376	REV	20	8	g429	figs-simile		0	They will be as many as the sand of the sea	This emphasizes the extremely large number of soldiers in Satan's army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
377	REV	20	9	jlc6		ἀνέβησαν	1	They went	Satan's army went
378	REV	20	9	f4t7		τὴν ... πόλιν τὴν ἠγαπημένην	1	the beloved city	This refers to Jerusalem.
379	REV	20	11	n8h9			0	General Information:	This is the next part of John's vision. He describes suddenly seeing a great white throne and the dead being judged.
380	REV	20	11	pm1z	figs-personification		0	The earth and the heaven fled away from his presence, but there was no place for them to go	John describes heaven and earth as if they were people who were trying to escape God's judgment. This means that God completely destroyed the old heaven and earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
381	REV	20	13	ea2h	figs-personification		0	The sea gave up the dead ... Death and Hades gave up the dead	Here John speaks of the sea, death, and Hades as if they were living persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
382	REV	21	1	tj16			0	General Information:	John begins to describe his vision of the new Jerusalem.
383	REV	21	2	er4u	figs-simile	ὡς νύμφην, κεκοσμημένην τῷ ἀνδρὶ αὐτῆς	1	like a bride adorned for her husband	This compares the new Jerusalem to a bride who has made herself beautiful for her bridegroom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
384	REV	21	3	hpt1	figs-parallelism		0	The dwelling place of God is with human beings, and he will live with them	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God will, indeed, live among men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
385	REV	21	6	dq8n	figs-parallelism	τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ, ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος	1	the alpha and the omega, the beginning and the end	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize God's eternal nature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
386	REV	21	6	wk2c	figs-metaphor		0	To the one who thirsts ... water of life	God speaks of a person's desire for eternal life as if it were thirst and of that person receiving eternal life as if he were drinking life-giving water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
387	REV	21	7	vms6			0	Connecting Statement:	The one seated on the throne continues to speak to John.
388	REV	21	8	hma7		τοῖς ... δειλοῖς	1	the cowards	those who are too afraid to do what is right
389	REV	21	8	k8yp		ἀπίστοις ... ἐβδελυγμένοις	1	the detestable	those who do terrible things
390	REV	21	9	cf2m	figs-personification	τὴν νύμφην, τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ Ἀρνίου	1	the bride, the wife of the Lamb	The angel speaks of Jerusalem as if it were a woman who is about to marry her groom, the Lamb. Jerusalem is metonymy for those who believers who will inhabit it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
391	REV	21	9	bil2	writing-symlanguage	τοῦ Ἀρνίου	1	the Lamb	This is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
392	REV	21	10	czp2	writing-background	ἀπήνεγκέν με ἐν Πνεύματι	1	carried me away in the Spirit	The setting changes as John is taken to a high mountain where he can see the city of Jerusalem. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 17:3](../17/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
393	REV	21	11	xvg6	figs-parallelism	ὅμοιος λίθῳ τιμιωτάτῳ, ὡς λίθῳ ἰάσπιδι κρυσταλλίζοντι	1	like a very precious jewel, like a stone of crystal-clear jasper	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the brilliance of Jerusalem by naming a specific jewel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
394	REV	21	11	n51z		κρυσταλλίζοντι	1	crystal-clear	extremely clear
395	REV	21	11	vvq1	translate-unknown	ἰάσπιδι	1	jasper	This is a valuable stone. Jasper may have been clear like glass or crystal. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:3](../04/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
396	REV	21	14	mm12		Ἀρνίου	1	Lamb	This refers to Jesus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md).
397	REV	21	18	n3hu	figs-simile	χρυσίον καθαρὸν, ὅμοιον ὑάλῳ καθαρῷ	1	pure gold, like clear glass	The gold was so clear that it is spoken of as if it were glass. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
398	REV	21	18	h239	translate-unknown	ἴασπις	1	jasper	This is a valuable stone. Jasper may have been clear like glass or crystal. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:3](../04/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
399	REV	21	19	ke4b	translate-unknown		0	jasper ... sapphire ... agate ... emerald	These are valuable stones. Jasper may have been clear like glass or crystal. See how you translated it in [Revelation 4:3](../04/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
400	REV	21	20	a2tm	translate-unknown		0	onyx ... chrysolite ... beryl ... topaz ... chrysoprase ... jacinth ... amethyst	These are all precious gems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
401	REV	21	21	yn6i	translate-unknown	μαργαρῖται	1	pearls	beautiful and valuable white beads. They are formed inside the shell of a certain kind of small animal that lives in the ocean. See how you translated this in [Revelation 17:4](../17/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
402	REV	21	21	vp22	figs-simile	χρυσίον καθαρὸν ὡς ὕαλος διαυγής	1	pure gold, like transparent glass	The gold was so clear that it is spoken of as if it was glass. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 21:18](../21/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
403	REV	21	22	m2ew	figs-metaphor		0	Lord God ... and the Lamb are its temple	The temple represented God's presence. This means the new Jerusalem does not need a temple because God and the Lamb will live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
404	REV	21	23	v2m9	figs-metaphor		0	its lamp is the Lamb	Here the glory of Jesus, the Lamb, is spoken of as if it were a lamp that gives light to the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
405	REV	21	26	ps25		οἴσουσιν	1	They will bring	The kings of the earth will bring
406	REV	21	27	cw99	writing-symlanguage	τῷ ... τοῦ Ἀρνίου	1	the Lamb	This is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
407	REV	22	1	b1ad			0	Connecting Statement:	John continues to describe the new Jerusalem as the angel shows it to him.
408	REV	22	1	vl23		ποταμὸν ὕδατος ζωῆς	1	the river of the water of life	the river flowing with life-giving water
409	REV	22	1	yn2p	figs-metaphor	ποταμὸν ὕδατος ζωῆς	1	the water of life	Eternal life is spoken of as if it were provided by life-giving water. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
410	REV	22	1	mxp4	writing-symlanguage	τοῦ ... Ἀρνίου	1	the Lamb	This is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
411	REV	22	6	j51i	figs-explicit		0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the end of John's vision. In verse 6 the angel is speaking to John. In verse 7, Jesus is speaking. This can be shown clearly as is in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
412	REV	22	8	xr17			0	General Information:	John tells his readers about how he responded to the angel.
413	REV	22	8	uvk3		ἔπεσα προσκυνῆσαι ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ποδῶν	1	I fell down to worship at the feet	This means that John purposely lay on the ground and stretched himself out in reverence or submission. This action was an important part of worship, to show respect and willingness to serve. See how you translated similar words in [Revelation 19:10](../19/10.md).
414	REV	22	10	gqa8			0	Connecting Statement:	The angel finishes speaking to John.
415	REV	22	12	idc6	writing-endofstory		0	General Information:	As the book of Revelation is ending, Jesus gives a closing greeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
416	REV	22	13	f5jl	figs-parallelism	τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ, ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος, ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος	1	the alpha and the omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end	These three phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that Jesus has and will exist for all time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
417	REV	22	13	cpl9	figs-merism	ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος	1	the first and the last	This refers to the eternal nature of Jesus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
418	REV	22	14	r16s			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues giving his closing greeting.
419	REV	22	15	aw1h		ἔξω	1	Outside	This means they are outside the city and not allowed to enter.
420	REV	22	17	gig5			0	Connecting Statement:	This verse is a response to what Jesus said.
421	REV	22	17	lt8j	figs-metaphor	ἡ νύμφη	1	the Bride	Believers are spoken of as if they were a bride about to be married to her groom, Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
422	REV	22	17	e2m5	figs-metaphor		0	Whoever is thirsty ... the water of life	A person's desire for eternal life is spoken of as if it were thirst and of that person receiving eternal life as if he were drinking life-giving water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
423	REV	22	17	dwb6	figs-metaphor	ὕδωρ ζωῆς	1	the water of life	Eternal life is spoken of as if it were provided by life-giving water. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
424	REV	22	18	fd5l			0	General Information:	John gives his final remarks about the book of Revelation.
425	REV	22	18	jzu8		ἐάν τις ἐπιθῇ ἐπ’ αὐτά, ἐπιθήσει ὁ Θεὸς	1	If anyone adds to them ... God will add	This is a strong warning to not change anything about this prophecy.
426	REV	22	19	ss3y			0	If anyone takes away ... God will take away	This is a strong warning to not change anything about this prophecy.
427	REV	22	20	u6mb			0	General Information:	In these verses John gives his and Jesus' closing greetings.
428	REV	22	20	y9p2		ὁ μαρτυρῶν	1	The one who testifies	Jesus, who testifies
429	REV	22	21	xr3d			0	with everyone	with every one of you