richmahn_en_tn/en_tn_05-DEU.tsv

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2DEUfrontintrorm3n0# Introduction to Deuteronomy<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Deuteronomy<br><br>1. Moses reminds Israel of how Yahweh guided them through the wilderness (1:13:29)<br>1. Moses appeals for Israel to obey the law of Yahweh (4:143)<br>1. The Ten Commandments (5:110:22)<br>1. Rules and warnings from the Law (11:126:19)<br>1. Instructions for entering Canaan (27:126)<br>1. Blessings for obeying and curses for disobeying (28:1-68)<br>1. The covenant renewed (29:1-30:20)<br>1. Last words of Moses, the Song of Moses, and his death (31:134:12)<br><br><br>### What is the Book of Deuteronomy about?<br><br>In the book of Deuteronomy, Moses repeats the laws of the covenant that God made with the people of Israel. The people of Israel were about to go into the Promised Land. Before they entered the land, Moses reminded them of what Yahweh did for them and what he expected from them. Moses warned the people about worshipping idols and no longer trusting Yahweh once they settled in the Promised Land. Yahweh promised to judge those who disobey him and to bless those who obey his Law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The name “Deuteronomy” means “Second Law” or “the retelling of the Law.” Translators may decide on a title such as, “A Repeat of the Law” or “Moses Explains the Law Again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Deuteronomy?<br><br>The writers of both the Old and New Testament present Moses as being very involved with writing the Book of Deuteronomy. However, many scholars think that Joshua wrote chapter 34. This chapter tells how Moses died.<br><br>### What are the important features of the Book of Deuteronomy?<br><br>The book contains a series of speeches that Moses gave to Israel before he died. He spoke these things just before the people entered the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Why did Yahweh command the Israelites to completely destroy the people who lived in the Promised Land?<br><br>As God prepared the Israelites to enter the Promised Land, he commanded them to completely destroy the Canaanite people who lived there. The Israelites would then not be tempted to join them and worship their false gods.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What is the role of Gods name in Deuteronomy?<br><br>Gods name is mentioned over thirty times in the book of Deuteronomy. The use of Gods name in this book usually represents Gods honor or fame. At other times in Deuteronomy, Gods name represents his presence. God said he would choose a place and make his name dwell there. This means Gods presence would be there. The people were to go to that place to worship him.<br><br>### Can this book be translated before the rest of the Pentateuch?<br><br>The Books of Genesis and Exodus help to explain what happens in Deuteronomy. For this reason, those books should be translated before the Book of Deuteronomy.<br>
3DEU1introggp90# Deuteronomy 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter forms a continuation with the last chapter of the book of Numbers.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahwehs victory<br>The chapter explains that Israels conquering of the Promised Land will be done by Yahweh. They are not to fear the people of Canaan but be obedient to Yahweh. Yahweh is bringing about his judgement upon the people of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br><br>### Possessing the land<br>While the Promised Land belongs to Israel, they do not possess the land. Possessing the land is an important theme. Posessing the land depended on Israels faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br>
4DEU11j9ty0beyond the JordanThis refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he spoke to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “east of the Jordan”
5DEU11bg65translate-names0Suph…Paran…Tophel…Laban…Hazeroth…DizahabThese are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6DEU12p4gk0It is eleven days journey from Horeb…to Kadesh Barnea“It takes eleven days to walk from Horeb…to Kadesh Barnea”
7DEU12m2r5translate-names0Mount SeirThis is a mountainous area south of the Dead Sea. The area is also called “Edom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8DEU12pp45translate-numbers0eleven“11” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9DEU13pc9jtranslate-ordinal0It happened in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spokeThe ordinal numbers can be translated as cardinal numbers. Alternate translation: “They had lived in the wilderness for 40 years, 11 months, and 1 day, when Moses spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
10DEU13j362translate-numbers0fortieth40th (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
11DEU13zfn5translate-hebrewmonths0in the eleventh month, on the first day of the monthThis is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
12DEU13p27wtranslate-numbers0eleventh11th (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
13DEU13d97r0YahwehThis is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
14DEU14ws560Yahweh had attacked“Yahweh had enabled the Israelites to defeat”
15DEU14x2fptranslate-names0Sihon…OgThese are names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
16DEU14mpn7translate-names0Heshbon…Ashtaroth at EdreiThese are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
17DEU15cn3h0Beyond the JordanThis refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “East of the Jordan River”
18DEU16s8em0spoke to usThe word “us” refers to Moses and the other people of Israel.
19DEU16gy3afigs-idiom0You have lived long enough in this hill countryThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “You do not need to stay near this mountain any longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20DEU17kh6j0General Information:Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said to them.
21DEU17l6npfigs-idiom0Turn and take your journeyThe word “turn” is an idiom for beginning action. Alternate translation: “Start again on your journey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
22DEU17rbe50hill country…EuphratesYahweh is describing places in the land that he has promised to give to the Israelites.
23DEU17faf30hill countryThis is an area in the hills near the place where the Amorites lived.
24DEU17y94k0lowlandan area of land that is low and flat
25DEU18bp4f0Look“Pay attention to what I am about to say”
26DEU18i61s0I have set the land before you“I am now giving this land to you”
27DEU18p2mnfigs-pronouns0that Yahweh sworeYahweh is speaking as if he were another person. Alternate translation: “that I, Yahweh, swore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
28DEU18pcv4figs-synecdoche0fathersThe word “fathers” is a synecdoche for all ancestors. Alternate translation: “ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
29DEU19qad30General Information:Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said to them.
30DEU19dv93figs-explicit0I spoke to you at that timeHere “I” refers to Moses. The phrase “at that time” refers to when the Israelites were at Horeb, which is the same as Mount Sinai. Alternate translation: “When we were at Horeb, I spoke to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
31DEU19l5mrfigs-idiom0I am not able to carry you myself aloneHere “to carry you” means “to lead you” or “to govern you.” Alternate translation: “It is too much for me to lead you by myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
32DEU110zy9zfigs-hyperbole0as the multitude of the stars of heavenThis is an exaggeration that means God has greatly increased the number of Israelites. Alternate translation: “a great crowd of many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
33DEU111it3vfigs-metaphor0a thousand timesThe phrase “a thousand” is a metaphor for “very many.” Alternate translation: “very many times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
34DEU111spg1translate-numbers0a thousand1000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
35DEU112q9dw0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
36DEU112fvz8figs-rquestion0But how can I myself alone carry your loads, your burdens, and your disputes?Moses uses a question to emphasize that he cannot solve all of their problems by himself. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot carry your loads, your burdens, and your disputes by myself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
37DEU112l36dfigs-metaphor0carry your loads, your burdensMoses speaks as if the peoples problems and complaints that he needed to take care of were heavy physical objects that he had been carrying. Alternate translation: “take care of your problems, your complaints” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
38DEU112iss70your disputes“your arguments” or “your disagreements”
39DEU113ue4a0men of good repute from each tribe“men from each tribe whom the people of Israel respect”
40DEU115f4vm0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
41DEU115u5jy0men of good repute“men whom your people respected.” See how this is translated in [Deuteronomy 1:13](../01/13.md).
42DEU115t5iwtranslate-numbers0of thousands…of hundreds…of fifties…of tens“of groups of 1,000…of groups of 100…of groups of 50…and groups of 10” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
43DEU115s5h10captains…officersThese are titles for different leaders in Israels government.
44DEU115s3vi0tribe by tribe“from each of your tribes”
45DEU116dq180judge righteously between a man and his brother“make right and fair decisions about the disputes Israelites have with each other”
46DEU117tia7figs-pronouns0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the judges, so the commands are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
47DEU117k6560You will not show partiality“Do not show partiality”
48DEU117l3vlfigs-merism0you will hear the small and the great alikeThese two extremes “small” and “great” represent all people. Alternate translation: “you will treat all people alike” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
49DEU117jze3figs-synecdoche0You will not be afraid of the face of manThe word “face” is a metonym for the whole person. “You will not” is a command. “Do not be afraid of anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
50DEU118crf3figs-explicit0at that timeThis means the time when they were at Horeb, at Mount Sinai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
51DEU119bf680General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
52DEU119s8zk0terrible wilderness that you saw“large and dangerous desert that you crossed through”
53DEU120lj3y0General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
54DEU121sel7figs-pronouns0Look…your God…before you; go up, take possession…your fathers…to you; do not be afraid, neither be discouragedMoses is speaking to the Israelites as if he were speaking to one man, so these forms should be singular, not plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
55DEU121xjd30has set the land before you“is now giving this land to you.” See how this is translated in [Deuteronomy 1:8](../01/08.md).
56DEU122jr4u0General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
57DEU123cm5htranslate-numbers0twelve men“12 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
58DEU124n7e4figs-idiom0They turned and wentTurning is an idiom for beginning to obey a command. Alternate translation: “They left that place and went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
59DEU124m2qrtranslate-names0Valley of EshkolThis is a valley in the Hebron region, which is south of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
60DEU124h6p70scouted it“looked for places they could attack”
61DEU125d1890General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
62DEU125c7950They took“The 12 men took”
63DEU125gns50took some of the produce of the land in their hands“picked some of the produce of the land”
64DEU125et1gfigs-metaphor0brought us word and saidThe speaker speaks as if a “word” were a physical object that someone could bring. Alternate translation: “told us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
65DEU125ks9s0said, It is a good land that Yahweh our God is giving to us.The direct quotation can be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “said that the land that Yahweh our God was giving to us was good”
66DEU126t13i0General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
67DEU126k4x9figs-explicit0Yet you refused to attackGod commanded the Israelites to attack and destroy the Amorites, but the Israelites were afraid and refused to fight them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
68DEU127am5bfigs-metonymy0into the hand of the AmoritesHere “into the hand” means to give the Amorites power over them. Alternate translation: “into the power of the Amorites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
69DEU128dm6tfigs-rquestion0Where can we go now?Here this question emphasizes how afraid they were. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have nowhere to go.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
70DEU128x4y4figs-idiom0made our heart to meltThis means that they became afraid. Alternate translation: “made us very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
71DEU128vs1ifigs-hyperbole0are fortified up to the heavensThis is an exaggeration that emphasizes how frightened the people were because the cities were so large and strong. Alternate translation: “have walls so high it is like they reach up to the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
72DEU128fl92figs-explicit0sons of the AnakimThese are descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
73DEU129d7v60General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
74DEU129ukp20I said to you“I said to your ancestors”
75DEU130wdr7figs-synecdoche0before your eyesHere the people are represented by their “eyes” to emphasize what they saw. Alternate translation: “which you yourselves saw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
76DEU131t94mfigs-you0you have seen…Yahweh your God carried you…you went…you cameMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
77DEU131bmh3figs-simile0Yahweh your God carried you, as a man carries his sonHere Yahwehs care for his people is compared to that of a father. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God has taken care of you, like a father takes care of his son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
78DEU131ivd60until you came to this place“until you came to this land that God promised to give you”
79DEU132hy2f0General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
80DEU133t7vc0make camp“put up your tents”
81DEU134p8tw0General Information:Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said to them.
82DEU134a5i60heard the sound of your words“heard what you were saying”
83DEU134gv710he swore and saidGod made a vow not to allow those who rebelled against him to enter the land he promised to give them.
84DEU135l5ps0will see“will enter”
85DEU136xn3b0save Caleb“except Caleb”
86DEU136ai2ltranslate-names0JephunnehThis is the name of Calebs father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
87DEU136ix6zfigs-pronouns0he has wholly followed YahwehYahweh speaks as if he were someone else. Alternate translation: “he has completely obeyed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
88DEU137z3bs0General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
89DEU137j94dfigs-explicit0Yahweh was angry with me because of youThis refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
90DEU138du4btranslate-names0NunThis is the name of Joshuas father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
91DEU138ze5mfigs-explicit0who stands before youWhy Joshua stands before Moses can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “who stands before you as your servant” or “who helps you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
92DEU139gn7q0General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
93DEU140mrt90turn and take your journey“turn around and go back on the road you have come on”
94DEU141wwe30General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
95DEU141eg590sinned against Yahweh“we have rebelled against Yahweh by disobeying him”
96DEU141zg190we will follow“we will obey”
97DEU141l3asfigs-metonymy0to attack the hill countryHere the metonym “hill country” represents the people that live there. Alternate translation: “to attack the people who live in the hill country” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
98DEU142vgw8figs-activepassive0for I will not be with you, and you will be defeated by your enemiesThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your enemies will defeat you because I will not be with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
99DEU143q8fb0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
100DEU143t5l6figs-metonymy0attacked the hill countryThe metonym “hill country” stands for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “attacked the people who live in the hill country” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
101DEU144z33pfigs-simile0chased you like beesA “bee” is a small, flying insect that flies in large groups and stings people who threaten them. This means that so many Amorites attacked the Israelite soldiers that they had to leave the battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
102DEU144z2yutranslate-names0SeirThis is the name of a piece of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
103DEU144fn6ptranslate-names0HormahThis is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
104DEU144xcg60struck you down“killed many of your soldiers”
105DEU145d7e50General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
106DEU145yrs70returned and wept“returned to Kadesh and wept”
107DEU2introji460# Deuteronomy 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Covenant faithfulness<br>Yahweh is faithful to the covenant he made with Abraham. He is also faithful to the promises he made with Esau and Lot. Because of this, Israel was given specific land it was able to conquer in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br>
108DEU21ys5a0General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
109DEU21b9af0Then we turned and took our journey“Then we turned around and went”
110DEU21yf1v0we went around Mount Seir for many daysPossible meanings are 1) the Israelites traveled around the mountain called Seir for a very long time or 2) the Israelites wandered in a region called Mount Seir for a very long time.
111DEU21r626translate-names0Mount SeirThis is a mountainous area south of the Dead Sea. The area is also called “Edom.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:2](../01/02.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
112DEU21lng20many daysSome languages translate this as “many nights.”
113DEU24t4vc0General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
114DEU24trl30of your brothers, the descendants of Esau“of your relatives, the descendants of Esau”
115DEU25e5j70I have given Mount Seir to Esau as a possessionYahweh is reminding the Israelites that he has given this territory to the descendants of Esau.
116DEU26rd6v0General Information:Moses continues to instruct Israel in how they are to treat the descendants of Esau.
117DEU26qn8p0You will purchase food from themYahweh is giving them permission or instruction, not a command, and he is telling them not to steal. “I permit you to purchase food from them” or “If you need food, you are to purchase it from them”
118DEU26pc6f0from them“from Esaus descendants”
119DEU26ru4x0for moneyIf these words are not needed or make the translation unclear, you may omit them.
120DEU27st5nfigs-you0your God has blessed you…your hand…your walking…your God…with you, and you have lackedMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
121DEU27ief6figs-synecdoche0you in all the work of your handThe “work of your hand” refers to all the work they had done. Alternate translation: “all of your work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
122DEU27act3figs-metonymy0he has known your walkingHere what happened to the people while they were walking is spoken of as their “walking.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
123DEU27u2pxtranslate-numbers0forty years“40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
124DEU27l4f1figs-litotes0you have lacked nothingThis is a litotes for “you have had everything you needed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
125DEU28t48a0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
126DEU28n8fq0by our brothers“by our relatives”
127DEU28ctw5translate-names0Elath…Ezion GeberThese are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
128DEU28lbh3figs-idiom0we turnedThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “we kept going” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
129DEU29g8pawriting-background0General Information:This is the end of a part of Moses speech reminding the Israelites of how Yahweh guided them in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
130DEU29ftp7figs-metonymy0Do not trouble MoabThe word “Moab” represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “Do not trouble the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
131DEU29cs7ltranslate-names0ArThis is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
132DEU29sl7sfigs-explicit0the descendants of LotThe people of Israel were related to the descendants of Moab. Moab was the son of Lot. Lot was the nephew of Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
133DEU210am7rwriting-background0General Information:The writer begins to give background information about the people of the land. These words are not part of Moses speech to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
134DEU210n8xlwriting-background0The Emites livedThese words give background information about the Emite people, who had lived in the land before the Moabites. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
135DEU210d4pitranslate-names0EmitesThis is the name of a people group that were considered giants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
136DEU210yv8c0AnakimThese are descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/28.md).
137DEU211zxl2writing-background0General Information:This continues the background information about the different people groups that had lived in the land. (See: [Deuteronomy 2:10](./10.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]).
138DEU211eds2translate-names0RephaimThis is the name of a people group that were considered giants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
139DEU212j8rrwriting-background0General Information:This continues the background information about the different people groups that had lived in the land. (See: [Deuteronomy 2:10](./10.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]).
140DEU212ye16translate-names0HoritesThis is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
141DEU212v8s20destroyed them from before them“killed all of them so none of them were left living with them” or “removed them from their presence by killing all of them”
142DEU213tfp10General Information:Moses continues reminding the Israelites of what had happened to them in the wilderness.
143DEU213ruf4figs-quotations0Now rise up…Zered. SoThen Yahweh said, “Now rise up…Zered. So.” This can be translated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh told us to rise up…Zered. So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
144DEU213va2qfigs-idiom0rise upbegin to do something (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
145DEU213mn1htranslate-names0the brook ZeredThis stream flows into the Dead Sea from the southeast and creates the border between Edom and Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
146DEU214h8wzwriting-background0Now the daysThe word “now” marks a change from the story to background information about how long the people of Israel traveled and about Gods anger towards that generation. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
147DEU214s3qftranslate-numbers0thirty-eight years“38 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
148DEU214a2uefigs-euphemism0were gone from the peopleThis is a polite way of saying “had died.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
149DEU215q5m7figs-synecdoche0the hand of Yahweh was againstHere “the hand of Yahweh” refers to Yahwehs power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh used his power against” or “Yahweh punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
150DEU216pv430General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of Israel of what happened in the past.
151DEU218yrj6figs-you0You areMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
152DEU218g7yvtranslate-names0ArThis is the name of a city in Moab. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 2:9](../02/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
153DEU219c269figs-you0do not trouble…will not give youMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the command and the word “you” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
154DEU219af4bfigs-explicit0to the descendants of LotThe people of Israel were related to the descendants of Ammon. Ammon was the son of Lot. Lot was the nephew of Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
155DEU220s8bnwriting-background0General Information:These verses begin to give background information about the people groups who lived in the land. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
156DEU220n15rfigs-activepassive0That also is consideredThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People also consider that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
157DEU220p2rwtranslate-names0RephaimThis is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
158DEU221fpu6translate-names0AnakimThis is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
159DEU221sq140destroyed them before the Ammonites“allowed the Ammonites to defeat them” or “allowed the Ammonites to kill them all”
160DEU221xz3g0they succeeded them and lived in their place“the Ammonites took over everything the Rephaim had owned and have lived where the Rephaim had lived”
161DEU222y1ibtranslate-names0HoritesThis is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:12](../02/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
162DEU222yq6w0succeeded them and have lived in their place“took over everything the Horites had owned and have lived where the Horites had lived”
163DEU223i3fg0General Information:The writer finishes describing how God enabled Esau to conquer the land Esau is now inhabiting.
164DEU223c7kbtranslate-names0Avvites…CaphtorimThese are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
165DEU223wmz4translate-names0CaphtorThis is the name of a place. It may be another name for the island of Crete located in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
166DEU223feg90destroyed them“destroyed the Avvim”
167DEU223un7u0settled in their place“lived where the Avvim had lived”
168DEU224v5lr0General Information:The writer has finished giving background information and is now again telling what Moses said to the Israelites.
169DEU224yyy90Now rise upYahweh is telling Moses what the people should do. “Now get up” or “Now go.”
170DEU224b1uk0go on your journey“continue your journey”
171DEU224v45ytranslate-names0Valley of the ArnonThis is the name of the valley of the Arnon River. It creates the border between Moab and the Amorites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
172DEU224j7cyfigs-metonymy0I have given into your handThe metonym “into your hand” means “into your control or power.” Alternate translation: “I have given you the power to defeat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
173DEU224g8xafigs-you0your hand…Begin to possess it…fightMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “your” and the commands “begin to possess” and “fight” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
174DEU224gvu7translate-names0SihonThis is the name of a king. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
175DEU224q9kctranslate-names0HeshbonThis is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
176DEU224k7py0fight with him“fight against him and his army”
177DEU225il8bfigs-you0terror of you…news about you…because of youMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
178DEU225jg6pfigs-doublet0put the fear and terrorThe words “fear” and “terror” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the fear is intense. Alternate translation: “put a terrible fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
179DEU225x3s5figs-idiom0peoples that are under the whole skyThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “peoples in every land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
180DEU225fjp4figs-hendiadys0tremble and be in anguishThis is hendiadys and emphasizes that the people will “tremble in anguish.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
181DEU226ajl40General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
182DEU226d2n30I sentHere “I” refers to Moses.
183DEU226p6fjtranslate-names0wilderness of KedemothThis is the name of a place near the valley of Arnon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
184DEU226t59etranslate-names0Sihon…HeshbonThese are the names of a man and a place. See how you translated them in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
185DEU226efk30with words of peace“with my offer of peace” or “with a message from me asking for peace”
186DEU227zr26figs-litotes0I will turn neither to the right hand nor to the leftThis phrase emphasizes that they will always go in the same direction. It can be stated in positive form. “I will not change direction” or “I will always stay on the path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
187DEU228mf3s0General Information:This continues Moses message to King Sihon.
188DEU228n54c0You will sell me food for money, so that I may eat; give me water for money, so that I may drinkMoses tells Sihon that the Israelites will not steal from the Amorites and requests that Sihon and his people sell food and water to the Israelites; he is not giving a command. Alternate translation: “I expect to have to pay for food so I can eat and to pay for water so I can drink”
189DEU228jp21figs-synecdoche0sell me…I may eat…give me…I may drinkMoses is referring to the people of Israel as if they were Moses himself. Alternate translation: “sell to me and my people…we may eat…give us…we may drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
190DEU228twx50only let me pass through on my feet“only let us walk through your land”
191DEU229nj8qtranslate-names0ArThis is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:9](../02/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
192DEU230iv420General Information:Moses continues to remind the people of what happened in the past.
193DEU230pe7ftranslate-names0Sihon…HeshbonThese are the names of a man and a place. See how you translated them in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
194DEU230n8cgfigs-you0your God…your mightMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
195DEU230fad4figs-parallelism0hardened his mind and made his heart obstinateBoth of these phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh “caused him to become very stubborn.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
196DEU231wz3l0to deliver up Sihon and his land before you“to give Sihon and his land over to you”
197DEU231mi9p0begin to possess it, in order that you may inherit his land“take possession of his land, so that you may inherit it”
198DEU232lu820General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
199DEU232e5dqtranslate-names0SihonThis is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
200DEU232k97atranslate-names0JahazThis is the name of a city in Moab (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
201DEU234x76b0General Information:Moses continues reminding the people about what happened in the past.
202DEU234ie9v0We took all his cities“We captured all of King Sihons cities”
203DEU236i479translate-names0AroerThis is the name of a city on the north bank of the Arnon River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
204DEU236pd7qtranslate-names0Valley of the Arnon“Arnon” is the name of a river. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
205DEU236snr1figs-litotes0there was not a city too high for usThis negative statement is used to emphasize their success in battle. This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “we were able to defeat the people of every city even if the city had high walls around it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
206DEU237v1z7figs-you0you did not goMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
207DEU237vt6dtranslate-names0Jabbok RiverThis is the name of a river that created the border between Sihons land and the land of the Ammonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
208DEU3introz1ea0# Deuteronomy 03 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Victories<br>The victories recorded in this chapter occurred on the east side of the Jordan River. This was not part of the Promised Land, which was on the west side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br>
209DEU31b1tm0General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of Israel of what happened in the past.
210DEU31z2w7translate-names0OgThis is the name of a king. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
211DEU31v626translate-names0EdreiThis is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
212DEU32a3g7translate-names0SihonThis is the name of a king. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
213DEU32dc9jtranslate-names0HeshbonThis is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
214DEU32hn64figs-you0Yahweh said to me, Do not fear him;…given you…under your control…You will do…as you did…at Heshbon.Yahweh is speaking to Moses as if Moses were the Israelites, so the command “do not fear” and all instances of “you” and “your” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
215DEU32w3dp0fear him…over him…his people and his landHere the words “him” and “his” refer to Og.
216DEU32w9tjfigs-pastforfuture0I have given you victoryYahweh speaks of what he will do as if he had already done it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
217DEU32pqq3figs-synecdoche0You will do to him as you did to SihonThe word “him” is a metonym for “his people.” Alternate translation: “You will destroy Og and his people as you did Sihon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
218DEU33n4lwfigs-activepassive0all his people were put under our controlThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh put all of Ogs people under our control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
219DEU33rm5efigs-litotes0not one of his people remainedThis is a litotes that is used to emphasize that the Israelites did not let anyone live. Alternate translation: “all of his people were dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
220DEU34nwb3figs-doublenegatives0There was not one of the sixty cities that we did not takeThis is a double negative that emphasizes that they took all of the 60 cities. Alternate translation: “We took every one of the sixty cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
221DEU34n378translate-numbers0sixty cities“60 cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
222DEU34x9q1translate-names0the region of ArgobThis is the name of a region within Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
223DEU35qup30General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of Israel of what happened in the past.
224DEU35p7qc0These were all cities fortified with“These were all cities protected by”
225DEU35v9nt0besides very many“in addition to very many” or “not including very many”
226DEU36mm89translate-names0SihonThis is the name of a king. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
227DEU36zx6itranslate-names0HeshbonThis is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
228DEU38w2ct0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
229DEU38e82dfigs-metonymy0out of the hand of the two kingsHere the metonym “out of the hand of” means “from the control of.” Alternate translation: “from the control of the two kings” or “from the two kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
230DEU38kg660Amorites“Amorite people.” See how you translated the name of this people group in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
231DEU38l9c40beyond the JordanThis refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “east of the Jordan River”
232DEU38c8hd0the Valley of the ArnonSee how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md).
233DEU38b5q8translate-names0Mount HermonThis is the name of a mountain at the northern border of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
234DEU39nk7stranslate-names0Mount Hermon…Sirion…SenirThese are all names of the same mountain which is at the northern border of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
235DEU310g7ie0Bashan…Edrei…OgSee how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
236DEU310gk8j0of the plainThis is high, flat land between the Arnon River and Mount Gilead.
237DEU310l1khtranslate-names0SalekahThis is the name of a city near Edrei. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
238DEU311nd7p0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
239DEU311ju5nwriting-background0For of the remnant…the way people measureThis is background information about King Og. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
240DEU311mdg30RephaimSee how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:11](../02/11.md).
241DEU311i4qm0Look!“Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you.”
242DEU311ev4bfigs-rquestion0Was it not in Rabbah,…live?The writer uses a question to remind the people of Israel that they could go to Rabbah and see how large Og must have been. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Possible meanings are 1) “It was in Rabbah,…live.” or 2) “It is in Rabbah…live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
243DEU311b98utranslate-bdistance0cubitsA cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
244DEU311z43d0the way people measure“according to the cubit most people use”
245DEU312ac8k0General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of what happened in the past.
246DEU312s9210AroerSee how you translated the name of this town in [Deuteronomy 2:36](../02/36.md).
247DEU312h3520the Valley of the ArnonSee how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md).
248DEU313pt8s0the region of ArgobSee how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 3:4](../03/04.md).
249DEU313xzf3writing-background0The same territory is called the land of RephaimThe writer begins to present background information about the land that the people of Israel captured. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
250DEU313g27b0RephaimSee how you translated the name of this land in [Deuteronomy 2:11](../02/11.md).
251DEU314xv6z0General Information:This continues the background information about the land the people of Israel captured ([Deuteronomy 3:13](../03/13.md)).
252DEU314aa4ntranslate-names0JairThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
253DEU314uz9utranslate-names0the Geshurites and the MaakathitesThese are people groups who lived west of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
254DEU314g7g20Havvoth JairTranslators may make a footnote that says: “The name Havvoth Jair means tent villages of Jair or realm of Jair.’”
255DEU315hyk90General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
256DEU315fik90I gaveHere “I” refers to Moses.
257DEU315x1nttranslate-names0to MachirMachir was the son of Manasseh. He had died before Moses gave this land. The name is a metonym for the descendants of the person. Alternate translation: “to the descendants of Machir” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
258DEU316ni9htranslate-names0Jabbok RiverThis is the name of a river that created the border between Sihons land and the land of the Ammonites. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:37](../02/37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
259DEU317qm240General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
260DEU317bb2m0Another of its borders is also“The western border of the Reubenite and Gadite territory is”
261DEU317y51gtranslate-names0Kinnereththe Sea of Kinnereth, also called “the Sea of Galilee” or “the Lake of Gennesaret” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
262DEU317w6xstranslate-names0Mount PisgahThis is the name of a mountain in the northern part of the Abarim mountain range. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
263DEU318i7wz0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
264DEU318i1ztfigs-explicit0I commanded you at that timeMoses reminds the tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh that they must help the other Israelites conquer the rest of the land God promised them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
265DEU318rt7n0will pass over armed before“will take your weapons and cross the Jordan River ahead of”
266DEU318mq1x0your brothers, the people of Israel“your fellow Israelites”
267DEU319ma9q0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the tribes of Reuben and Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh.
268DEU320isu7figs-metaphor0Yahweh gives rest to your brothersThe writer speaks as if the ability to rest were a physical object that could be given as a gift. The word “rest” is also a metaphor for peaceful life in which there is no war. Alternate translation: “Yahweh allows your brothers to rest” or “Yahweh allows your brothers to stop fighting wars and live peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
269DEU320ac2j0beyond the JordanThis refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “east of the Jordan River”
270DEU320s3hn0then will you returnMoses is emphasizing that the other tribes must possess their land before Yahweh will permit these three tribes to possess their land. “only then are you to return.”
271DEU321s2lk0General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
272DEU321p9plfigs-synecdoche0Your eyes have seenHere “eyes” refers to Joshua. Alternate translation: “You have seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
273DEU323d3fi0General Information:Moses continues reminding the people about what happened in the past.
274DEU323j4ne0I imploredHere “I” refers to Moses. This means he asked God in a very earnest, emotional way.
275DEU324z9tn0to show your servantHere “your servant” is a polite way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: “to show me, your servant”
276DEU324idr1figs-metonymy0your strong handHere the metonym “hand” means control or power. Alternate translation: “your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
277DEU324qkn5figs-rquestion0for what god is there…acts?Moses uses a question to emphasize that Yahweh is the only God with the power to do the works he has done. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “for there is no god…acts.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
278DEU324ls1efigs-merism0in heaven or in earthThese two extremes together mean “anywhere.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
279DEU325c8zq0beyond the Jordan“west of the Jordan River.” When Moses spoke these words to Yahweh, he was east of the Jordan River in Moab.
280DEU326xt4j0General Information:Moses continues telling the people of Israel what happened in the past.
281DEU326p3zpfigs-explicit0Yahweh was angry with me because of youThis refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:37](../01/37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
282DEU327qm9b0PisgahSee how you translated this is in [Deuteronomy 3:17](../03/17.md).
283DEU327a7agfigs-idiom0lift up your eyesThe words “lift up your eyes” are an idiom that means look. Alternate translation: “look” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
284DEU328x7d30General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
285DEU329dut2translate-names0Beth PeorThis is the name of a town in Moab near Mount Pisgah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
286DEU4introd8g80# Deuteronomy 04 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Law of Moses<br>In order to possess the land, the people needed to obey the law of Moses. This will be the most important thing in the religious life of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Moses instructions<br>Moses is not allowed to enter into the Promised Land. Since they are getting ready to possess the Promised Land, Moses gives them some last instructions before his death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>Moses uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these questions is to convince his readers to obey his instructions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
287DEU41m1n50I am about to teach youMoses is telling the people of Israel what God wants them to do.
288DEU41zdp50to do them“and obey them”
289DEU42ft3x0You will not add to the words…neither will you diminish themYahweh does not want his people to create new laws, or to ignore those he has already given them.
290DEU43u7gv0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
291DEU43j4ngfigs-synecdoche0Your eyes have seenHere “eyes” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “You saw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
292DEU43bs2afigs-explicit0because of Baal PeorThe full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “because of the sins you committed at Baal Peor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
293DEU43fpr60PeorSee how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:29](../03/29.md).
294DEU43yl8hfigs-pronouns0Yahweh your God has destroyed them from among youMoses speaks to the people of Israel as though they were one person, so “your” and “you” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
295DEU44x6hffigs-metaphor0you who clung to YahwehThe writer speaks as if trusting in Yahweh and obeying him were like physically holding on to a person. Alternate translation: “you who were careful to obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
296DEU45yhv50General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
297DEU45hs9r0Look“Pay attention”
298DEU45bis80that you should do so in the midst of the land“that you should obey them when you live in the land”
299DEU46zr9kfigs-doublet0keep them and do themThese two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that they are to obey them. Alternate translation: “obey them carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
300DEU46bhy7figs-abstractnouns0this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the peoplesThe abstract nouns “wisdom” and “understanding” can be translated as adjective phrases, and the abstract noun “sight” refers to how the peoples judge or decide on the value of something. Alternate translation: “this is what will show the peoples that you are wise and that you understand what is important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
301DEU46sr33figs-metonymy0this great nation is a wise and understanding peopleThe word “nation” is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “the people of this great nation are wise and understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
302DEU47thf70General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
303DEU47m62nfigs-rquestion0For what other great nation is there…him?This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “For there is no other great nation…him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
304DEU48g3ltfigs-rquestion0What other great nation is there…today?This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no other great nation…today.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
305DEU49wv6p0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
306DEU49bfw3figs-pronouns0Only pay attention…guard yourself…you do not forget…your eyes…your heart…your life…make them known to your children and your childrens childrenMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they are one person, so all instances of “you,” “your,” and “yourself,” as well as the commands “pay attention,” “guard,” and “make known” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
307DEU49d2dg0Only pay attention and carefully guard yourself“Pay careful attention and be sure to remember these things always”
308DEU49gm1cfigs-parallelism0you do not forget…they do not leave your heartThese phrases means the same thing and emphasize that the people of Israel must remember what they have seen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
309DEU49hp7efigs-synecdoche0your eyes have seenHere “eyes” are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “you have seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
310DEU410tkm7figs-pronouns0you stood before Yahweh your GodMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they are one person, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
311DEU410ivm80Assemble me the people“Bring the people together and bring them to me”
312DEU411wy4q0General Information:Moses continues to remind the Israelites of their history.
313DEU411ytq1figs-idiom0with fire to the heart of heavenThis is an idiom. “The heart of” means “the middle of” or “the innermost part of,” and “heaven” here refers to the sky. Alternate translation: “with a fire that went up to the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
314DEU411f82ufigs-hendiadys0with darkness, cloud, and thick darknessHere “thick darkness” describes the cloud. Alternate translation: “with a thick, dark cloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
315DEU411jh6q0thick darknessAnother possible meaning is “heavy cloud.”
316DEU413re7g0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
317DEU413tk8q0He declared“Yahweh declared”
318DEU413yz4x0to youHere “you” refers to the Israelites who were at Mount Horeb.
319DEU414bdx70in the land that you are crossing over to take possession of“after you have crossed over the Jordan River and taken possession of the land”
320DEU415yqn40General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
321DEU416f5bb0do not corrupt yourselves“do not do what is wrong”
322DEU418xe6b0creeps on the ground“crawls on the ground”
323DEU419a5btfigs-you0You shall not lift your eyes…and look…and be drawn…Yahweh your GodMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” and the words “lift,” “look,” and “be drawn” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
324DEU419mg57figs-activepassive0You shall not…and be drawn away to worshipThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not…and do not let anyone make you want to worship” or “Do not…and do not allow yourself worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
325DEU419r5pg0all the host of the heavens“everything you can see in the sky.” This is another way of referring to the sun, moon, and stars.
326DEU419mpi9figs-idiom0of which Yahweh your God has given a share all the peoplesThis is an idiom. Moses speaks of the stars as if they were small objects like food that Yahweh was dividing and giving out to the people groups. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh your God has put there to help all people groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
327DEU420uej2figs-metaphor0brought you out of the iron furnaceMoses speaks of Egypt and the hard work the Israelites did there as if it were an oven in which iron is heated and the Israelites were the iron. Alternate translation: “brought you out of the land where people made you do hard work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
328DEU420c59dfigs-idiom0a people of his own inheritanceThis is an idiom that can be translated “people who belong only to him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
329DEU421q42n0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
330DEU421l8rkfigs-explicit0Yahweh was angry with me because of youThis refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:37](../01/37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
331DEU421qnf5figs-you0Yahweh your God is giving to youMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
332DEU423gf5v0Pay attention to yourselves“Pay careful attention”
333DEU423q9m3figs-you0Yahweh your God has forbidden youMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one person, so the words “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
334DEU424z6c8figs-metaphor0Yahweh your God is a devouring fire, a jealous GodMoses compares how Yahweh acts when he is angry to the way a fire destroys things. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will severely punish and destroy you like a fire does because he does not want you to worship other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
335DEU424d51qfigs-you0Yahweh your GodMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one person, so the word “your” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
336DEU425d5qj0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
337DEU425sw650you beget…Yahweh your GodThe words “you” and “your” are singular here.
338DEU425txa10begetbecome the father of, or become the ancestor of
339DEU425r6pb0if you corrupt yourselves“if you do what is wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md).
340DEU425v824figs-idiom0do what is evil in the sight of Yahweh your God, to provoke him to angerThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you make Yahweh your God angry by doing what he says is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
341DEU426lbi9figs-metonymy0I call heaven and earth to witnessPossible meanings are 1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or 2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
342DEU426tz2pfigs-metaphor0you will not prolong your daysLong days are a metaphor for a long life. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
343DEU426eme2figs-hyperbole0but you will be completely destroyedAs indicated in 4:27, not every Israelite will be killed. Here “completely destroy” is a generalization and emphasizes that many of the Israelites will die. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but Yahweh will destroy many of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
344DEU427yy630General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
345DEU427swv8figs-metaphor0Yahweh will scatter you among the peoplesMoses speaks as if the people were seeds that Yahweh would scatter around a field. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will send you to many different places and force you to live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
346DEU427u1el0will lead you away“will send you” or “will cause your enemies to take you away”
347DEU428eq2tfigs-synecdoche0the work of mens hands, wood and stoneHere “mens hands” refers the men themselves, and “the work…wood and stone” to the idols that they have created. Alternate translation: “the wood and stone idols that men have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
348DEU429t9hjfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. He speaks as though they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
349DEU429nz820But from there“But when you are in those other nations”
350DEU429m6l6figs-you0you will seekThe word “you” here is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
351DEU429fki10when you search after him“when you really try to find him” or “when you really try to know him”
352DEU429pl1sfigs-metonymy0with all your heart and with all your soulHere “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a persons inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
353DEU430bu4p0will have come on“have happened to”
354DEU430p1sc0in those later days“afterwards” or “then”
355DEU430xhr4figs-idiom0listen to his voiceHere “listen” is an idiom that means to hear and obey. Also, “his voice” refers to Yahweh and emphasizes what he says. Alternate translation: “obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
356DEU432yss9figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and the command “ask now” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
357DEU433gv8cfigs-rquestion0Did ever a people hear the voice of God speaking out of the midst of the fire, as you have heard, and live?Here the people of Israel are reminded of how Yahweh has spoken to them in an amazing way in the past. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “No other people besides you has heard God speak from the middle of the fire and lived.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
358DEU433uge5figs-synecdoche0hear the voice of God speakingHere God is represented by his voice. Alternate translation: “hear Gods voice as he spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
359DEU434i1ev0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
360DEU434uct8figs-metaphor0by a mighty hand, and by an outstretched armHere “a mighty hand” and “an outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahwehs power. Alternate translation: “by showing his mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
361DEU434r398figs-synecdoche0before your eyesHere “eyes” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “in front of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
362DEU435yl1zfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
363DEU435nu4afigs-activepassive0To you these things were shownThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh showed you these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
364DEU436r4110he made you to hear…made you see“he made sure you heard…made sure you saw”
365DEU436pii8figs-metonymy0made you…you heardMoses speaks as if the people to whom he was speaking were the people he had spoken to at Mount Sinai many years earlier. The people at Mount Sinai were actually the fathers of the people to whom he was speaking these words. Alternate translation: “made your fathers…your fathers heard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
366DEU437ss1rfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
367DEU437p6x20your fathersThis refers to Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Jacobs sons.
368DEU437yey20with his presence, with his great power“with the great power that comes from his presence” or “with his great power”
369DEU439esi7figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
370DEU439ufg5figs-idiom0lay it on your heartThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
371DEU439f524figs-merism0in heaven above and on the earth beneathThe two phrases “in heaven” and “on the earth” show two extremes and mean “everywhere.” Alternate translation: “over everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
372DEU440c3awfigs-metaphor0prolong your daysLong days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
373DEU441bt780General Information:Mosess speech, which began in [Deuteronomy 1:6](../01/06.md), has finished, and the writer continues the narrative that ended in [Deuteronomy 1:5](../01/05.md).
374DEU443csf7translate-names0Bezer…Ramoth…GolanThese are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
375DEU444j6tj0This is the lawThis refers to the laws Moses will give in the following chapters.
376DEU446zf9ltranslate-names0Beth PeorThis is the name of a town in Moab near Mount Pisgah. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:29](../03/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
377DEU446c8za0Sihon…Amorites…Heshbon“King Sihon…Amorite people…town of Heshbon.” See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
378DEU447ya360his landKing Sihons land
379DEU447h15l0beyond the Jordan toward the eastThis refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. Alternate translation: “from the side of the Jordan River toward the east”
380DEU448kwj20AroerThis is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:36](../02/36.md).
381DEU448n3ct0the Valley of the ArnonThis is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md).
382DEU448vyn60Mount Siyon…Mount HermonThese are different names for the same mountain. The word “Sion” is another spelling of “Sirion” ([Deuteronomy 3:9](../03/09.md)). See how you translated “Mount Hermon” in [Deuteronomy 3:8](../03/08.md).
383DEU449axk10eastward beyond the JordanThis refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. Alternate translation: “eastward from the side of the Jordan River”
384DEU449x6zf0Sea of the Arabah…Mount PisgahSee how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 3:17](../03/17.md).
385DEU5introxsp10# Deuteronomy 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each of the commandements in the list of Ten Commandments in 5:7-21 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT uses a separate paragraph for each commandment.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Ten commandments<br>This chapter repeats the material of Exodus 20. It is known as the Ten Commandments.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors and idioms<br>Moses uses metaphors and idioms to instruct the people to follow the law of Moses. This is because it is very important to follow these laws. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br>
386DEU51d5qb0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
387DEU51vj47figs-hyperbole0called to all IsraelHere “all” is a generalization. Moses wanted everyone in Israel to hear and obey his words, but his voice was probably not so loud that everyone actually heard him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
388DEU51rwb1figs-synecdoche0that I will speak in your ears todayHere “ears” refers to the whole person. This metaphor emphasizes that the people know what Moses has said to them, so they cannot sin and then say they did not know they were sinning. Alternate translation: “that I will speak to you today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
389DEU53hf3s0Yahweh did not make this covenant with our ancestorsPossible meanings are 1) Yahweh did not only make a covenant with those who were at Horeb; the covenant was also with the later generations of Israelites or 2) Yahweh did not make this covenant with their distant ancestors, such as, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; instead, this covenant began with the Israelites at Horeb.
390DEU54ijj60General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
391DEU54h6t4figs-idiom0face to faceUse your languages idiom for two people who are close to each other and looking at each other when they are speaking to each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
392DEU54n2910on the mount“on the mountain”
393DEU55b7in0at that timeMoses is referring to an event that happened about 40 years earlier.
394DEU56fbu5figs-metonymy0out of the house of slaveryHere the metonym “house of slavery” refers to Egypt where the people of Israel had been slaves. Alternate translation: “out of the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
395DEU57f42xfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues reminding the people what Yahweh has commanded them. The phrases “you will” and “you will not” are commands. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
396DEU57pa850You will have no other gods before me“You must not worship any other gods but me”
397DEU58bs7nfigs-explicit0that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water belowThis can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “that is in the earth beneath your feet, or that is in the water below the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
398DEU59a6effigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
399DEU59sxf40You will not bow down to them or serve them“You will not worship the carved figures or do as they command”
400DEU59q9rc0You will not“Never”
401DEU59qi9s0I…am a jealous God“I…want you to worship only me”
402DEU510zxf7figs-abstractnouns0showing covenant faithfulness to thousands, to those who love meThe abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithfully” or “faithful.” Alternate translation: “faithfully loving thousands, those who love me” or “being faithful to the covenant with thousands, with those who love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
403DEU510gvi1figs-explicit0to thousands, to those who love meSome translations read “to a thousand generations of those who love me.” The word “thousands” is a metonym for a number too many to count. Alternate translation: “forever, to those who love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
404DEU511kd28figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
405DEU511nj560You will not take the name of Yahweh“You will not use the name of Yahweh”
406DEU511jap90You will notSee how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 5:9](../05/09.md).
407DEU511fv410in vain“carelessly” or “without proper respect” or “for wrong purposes”
408DEU511in6bfigs-doublenegatives0Yahweh will not hold him guiltlessThis can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will consider him guilty” or “Yahweh will punish him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
409DEU512vbs1figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
410DEU512ybn90to keep it holy“to dedicate it to God”
411DEU513p3yg0do all your work“do all your usual duties”
412DEU514cx31translate-ordinal0seventh day“day 7.” Here “seventh” is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
413DEU514kbw80On it you will not do“On that day never do”
414DEU514c3x8figs-synecdoche0within your gatesHere “gates” is a reference to the city itself. Alternate translation: “within your community” or “inside your city” or “living with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
415DEU515x69hfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
416DEU515p52pfigs-idiom0You will call to mindThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “You must remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
417DEU515ls4cfigs-metaphor0by a mighty hand and by an outstretched armHere “a mighty hand” and “an outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahwehs power. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “by showing his mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
418DEU516g54gfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
419DEU517x2enfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
420DEU517u97m0You will notSee how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 5:9](../05/09.md).
421DEU518lke60You will not commit adultery“You will not sleep with anyone other than your spouse”
422DEU520vp3r0You will not give false witness against your neighbor“You will not tell lies about someone”
423DEU521msw3figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
424DEU521sqc40You will notSee how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 5:9](../05/09.md).
425DEU522c5s90General Information:Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said.
426DEU523vkg30General Information:Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what happened in the past.
427DEU523ar5zfigs-synecdoche0heard the voiceThe word “voice” is a metonym for the sound of the voice or for the person who was speaking. Alternate translation: “heard the sound of the voice” or “heard Yahweh speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
428DEU525k97b0General Information:Moses continues to remind the Israelites what the Israelites had said to Moses.
429DEU525zra9figs-rquestion0But why should we die?They were afraid that they would die if Yahweh spoke to them. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We are afraid that we will die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
430DEU526qk3jfigs-rquestion0For who besides us is there…have done?This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “There are no other people besides us…have done.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
431DEU526sdf1figs-synecdoche0all fleshThis represents all people or living things. Alternate translation: “all people” or “all living beings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
432DEU528j5bk0when you spoke to meHere “me” refers to Moses.
433DEU529m98lfigs-idiom0Oh, that there wereIf your language has an idiom that expresses a strong desire for something, you might want to use it here. Alternate translation: “I would be very happy if there were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
434DEU531bn9j0General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
435DEU531u4lk0you will teach them“you will teach the people of Israel”
436DEU532kyg90General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
437DEU532weq50You will keepMoses is giving a command to the people of Israel.
438DEU532w87ifigs-metaphor0you will not turn aside to the right hand or to the leftThis compares a person disobeying God to a person turning off of the correct path. Alternate translation: “you will not disobey him in any way” or “you will do everything he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
439DEU533ype4figs-metaphor0prolong your daysLong days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:40](../04/40.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
440DEU6introq4y80# Deuteronomy 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahwehs blessings<br>Yahwehs continued blessing of the people of Israel is dependent upon the peoples obedience to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br>There are many metaphors in this chapter. These metaphors describe the greatness of the Promised Land the wholehearted worship that is completely dedicated to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br>
441DEU61it53figs-you0General Information:Moses continues the speech to the people of Israel he began in [Deuteronomy 5:1](../05/01.md). Beginning in verse 2, he speaks to the people of Israel as if they were one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
442DEU61z6zb0might keep“might obey”
443DEU61ymp90going over the Jordan“going to the other side of the Jordan River”
444DEU62l6ps0to keep“to obey”
445DEU62i3kufigs-metaphor0that your days may be prolongedLong days are a metaphor for a long life. This can be stated in active form. This can be translated similarly to “prolong your days” in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “that I may prolong your days” or “that I may cause you to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
446DEU63jl47figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahwehs words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
447DEU63yk4ufigs-explicit0listen to themHere “listen” means to obey, and “them” refers to Yahwehs commandments. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “listen to Yahwehs commandments, statutes, and decrees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
448DEU63cau80keep them“obey them”
449DEU63t77lfigs-idiom0a land flowing with milk and honeyThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
450DEU64cip9figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahwehs words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
451DEU64zv4t0Yahweh our God is one“Our God Yahweh is the one and only God”
452DEU65dc6bfigs-metonymy0with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mightHere “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a persons inner being. These three phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated “with all your heart, with all your soul” in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
453DEU66g3hffigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahwehs words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
454DEU66u7kf0I am commanding youMoses is speaking Gods commandments to the people of Israel.
455DEU66a1y8figs-idiom0will be in your heartThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you must always remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
456DEU67ye1m0you will diligently teach…you will talk“I command you to diligently teach…I command you to talk.” The reader should understand these as commands.
457DEU68mh97figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahwehs words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
458DEU68x5c9figs-metonymy0tie themThis is a metonym for “write these words on parchment, put the parchment in a pouch, and tie the pouch.” This metonym in turn may be a metaphor for “obey these words so that it is as if they were physically there.” Alternate translation: “tie these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
459DEU68zn5b0as a sign upon your hand“as something to make you remember my laws”
460DEU68w48bfigs-metonymy0they will serve as frontletsThis is a metonym for “write these words on parchment, put the parchment in a pouch, and tie the pouch to your head so it sits.” This metonym in turn may be a metaphor for “obey these words so that it is as if they were physically there.” Alternate translation: “my words will serve as frontlets”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
461DEU68ju590frontletsornaments a person wears on the forehead
462DEU69ex690You will writeThis is a command.
463DEU610gu32figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahwehs words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
464DEU610yge80large and very good cities that you did not buildAll these cities will belong to the people of Israel when they conquer the people in Canaan.
465DEU612kq91figs-metonymy0out of the house of bondageHere the metonym “house of bondage” refers to Egypt, the place where the people of Israel had been slaves. Alternate translation: “out of the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
466DEU613i1uwfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahwehs words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
467DEU613b8cf0You will honor Yahweh your God; him you will worship, and you will swear by his name“It is Yahweh your God and no one else whom you will honor; it is he alone whom you will worship, and it is by his name and only his name that you will swear.” Your language may have another way of emphasizing that Yahweh is telling the Israelites not to worship or serve any other god.
468DEU613rn98figs-metonymy0you will swear by his nameTo swear by the name of Yahweh means to make Yahweh the basis or the power on which the oath is made. The metonym “his name” refers to Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “you will swear and ask Yahweh to confirm it” or “when you swear you will speak his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
469DEU615syl70in the midst of you“who lives among you”
470DEU615hb7pfigs-activepassive0the anger of Yahweh your God will be kindled against youMoses compares Yahwehs anger to someone starting a fire to destroy things. This can be stated in active form. To kindle anger is a metaphor for becoming very angry. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will kindle his anger” or “Yahweh your God will become very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
471DEU615a26k0destroy you from“destroy you so that there is nothing left of you anywhere on”
472DEU616bd27figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahwehs words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
473DEU616dj8u0You will not test YahwehHere “test” means to challenge Yahweh and force him to prove himself.
474DEU616qk5btranslate-names0MassahThis is the name of a place in the desert. The translator may add a footnote that says: “The name Massah means testing.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
475DEU618yri1figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahwehs words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
476DEU618zh1ifigs-idiom0You will do what is right and good in the sight of YahwehThis idiom is a command and a blessing. If the Israelites obey Yahweh, they will receive blessings from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Do what Yahweh says is right and good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
477DEU620h9ehfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahwehs words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
478DEU620vrj8figs-metonymy0What are the covenant decrees…commanded youIn this question the “covenant decrees” represent their meaning and purpose. Alternate translation: “What do the covenant decrees…commanded mean to you” or “Why should you obey the covenant decrees…commanded you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
479DEU620m9920your sonThis refers to the children of the adult people of Israel to whom Moses was speaking Yahwehs words.
480DEU621c19mfigs-metaphor0with a mighty handHere “a mighty hand” refers to Yahwehs power. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “with his mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
481DEU622c7l2figs-metonymy0on all his houseHere the metonym “his house” refers to the people of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “on all of his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
482DEU622k3sefigs-synecdoche0before our eyesHere the word “eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “where we could see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
483DEU623atp7figs-explicit0might bring us inThe full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “might bring us into Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
484DEU624nhg8figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahwehs words as if the Israelites are one person. He tells them what they should tell their children about Yahwehs commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
485DEU624ye680keepobey at all times and for a long time
486DEU625p4b10before Yahweh“in the presence of Yahweh” or “where Yahweh can see us”
487DEU625bva9figs-metonymy0this will be our righteousnessThe word “this” refers to keeping Yahwehs commands. This is a metonym for Yahweh considering them righteous. Alternate translation: “he will consider us righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
488DEU7introy1wn0# Deuteronomy 07 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “You must completely destroy them”<br>The people of Canaan were to be punished by Yahweh. Yahweh used Israel to punish these nations. If they were not completely destroyed, they would lead Israel into sin. Therefore, they were to be completely destroyed and be shown no mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])<br><br>### Abrahamic Covenant<br>This chapter references parts of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham. It also emphasizes Yahwehs faithfulness to this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br>
489DEU71zv16figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahwehs words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
490DEU72wdj3figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahwehs words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
491DEU72h8dzfigs-metaphor0gives them over to youMoses speaks of victory as if it were a physical object one person could give to another. Alternate translation: “enables you to defeat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
492DEU72s8nt0you defeat themHere “them” refers to the seven nations from [Deuteronomy 7:1](../07/01.md).
493DEU74y5rtfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahwehs words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
494DEU74rsx40For they will“If you allow your children to marry the people from the other nations, the people from the other nations will”
495DEU74x5dnfigs-metaphor0So the anger of Yahweh will be kindled against youMoses compares Yahwehs anger to someone starting a fire. This emphasizes Yahwehs power to destroy what makes him angry. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will kindle his anger against you” or “Then Yahweh will become very angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
496DEU74nm8dfigs-you0against youThe word “you” refers to all the Israelites and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
497DEU75m2rlfigs-you0you will deal…You will break…dash…cut…burnMoses is speaking to all the Israelites here, so these words are all plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
498DEU76bdz4figs-you0General Information:Moses tells the people of Israel Yahwehs words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
499DEU76d86kfigs-metaphor0you are a nation that is set apartYahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
500DEU76uqx6figs-idiom0that are on the face of the earthThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that live on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
501DEU77y5fbfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahwehs words. All instances of “you” and “your” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
502DEU77s7u3figs-idiom0did not set his love upon youThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “did not love you more than he loved others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
503DEU78j4hqfigs-metaphor0with a mighty handHere “a mighty hand” refers to Yahwehs power. These words also appear in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “with his mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
504DEU78xtl5figs-metaphor0redeemed you out of the house of bondageMoses speaks of Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves as if Yahweh had paid money to a slave owner. Alternate translation: “rescued you from being slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
505DEU78wdf10house of bondageHere the metonym “house of bondage” refers to Egypt, the place where the people of Israel had been slaves. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 6:12](../06/12.md). Alternate translation: “out of the place where you were slaves”
506DEU78u9xefigs-metonymy0hand of PharaohHere “hand” means “the control of.” Alternate translation: “control of Pharaoh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
507DEU79wd9ifigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahwehs words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
508DEU79ky8btranslate-numbers0for a thousand generations“for 1,000 generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
509DEU710g32ifigs-idiom0repays those who hate him to their faceThis idiom means “repays them quickly and openly so that they know God has punished them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
510DEU710xk2pfigs-litotes0he will not be lenient on whoever hates himThe words “not be lenient” are an understatement to emphasize that Yahweh will severely punish. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will severely punish everyone who hates him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
511DEU712v1lvfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahwehs words. He speaks as if the Israelites are one person in verse 12 and to all of them as a group in verse 13. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
512DEU713ghv30multiply you“increase the number of your people”
513DEU713nmj6figs-idiom0the fruit of your bodyThis is an idiom for “your children.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
514DEU713rl5mfigs-idiom0the fruit of your groundThis is an idiom for “your crops.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
515DEU713p14j0the multiplication of your cattle“your cattle so they will become many”
516DEU714f2thfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahwehs words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
517DEU714fiu4figs-activepassive0You will be blessed more than all other peoplesThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will bless you more than I bless any other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
518DEU714e33afigs-litotes0there will not be a childless male or a barren female among you or among your cattleMoses uses a negative statement to emphasize that they all will be able to have children. This may be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “All of you will be able to have children and your cattle will be able to reproduce” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
519DEU714xr4efigs-you0among you…your cattleThe words “you” and “your” are plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
520DEU715qmw70take away from you all sickness“make sure that you do not become ill” or “keep you completely healthy”
521DEU715x26jfigs-metaphor0none of the evil diseases…will he put on you, but he will put them on all those who hate youMoses speaks as if disease were a heavy object that Yahweh would put on top of people. Alternate translation: “he will not make you sick with any of the evil diseases…but he will make your enemies sick with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
522DEU716x9kcfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahwehs words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
523DEU716xbj20You will consume all the peoples“I command you to completely destroy all the people groups”
524DEU716aia1figs-metonymy0your eye will not pity themThis is a command. Moses speaks as if what the eye sees were the eye itself. Alternate translation: “do not allow what you see to cause you to pity them” or “do not pity them because you see that what you are doing is hurting them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
525DEU716du7u0You will not worship“never worship”
526DEU716yvn8figs-metaphor0that will be a trap for youIf the people worship other gods, they will be like an animal caught in a hunters trap, and they will be unable to escape. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
527DEU717rl9vfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahwehs words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
528DEU717bsr6figs-idiom0If you say in your heartThe people should not be afraid even if they notice that the nations are stronger than they are. Alternate translation: “Even if you say in your heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
529DEU717p5tnfigs-idiom0say in your heartThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
530DEU717pn9gfigs-rquestion0how can I dispossess them?Moses uses a question to emphasize that the people may feel afraid of the other nations. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not know how I will be able to dispossess them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
531DEU717luy90dispossess them“take their land away from them”
532DEU718ls4kfigs-idiom0do not be afraidThe people should not be afraid even if they notice that the nations are stronger than they are. Alternate translation: “even then do not be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
533DEU718fbw2figs-idiom0you will call to mindThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you must remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
534DEU719a3urfigs-synecdoche0that your eyes sawHere “eyes” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “that you saw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
535DEU719ph4afigs-metaphor0the mighty hand, and the outstretched armHere “a mighty hand” and “an outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahwehs power. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “and the mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
536DEU720xr3wfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahwehs words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
537DEU720pwt40Moreover, Yahweh“And also, Yahweh”
538DEU720sji20send the hornetPossible meanings are 1) God will send actual flying insects that sting people and cause pain, or 2) God will cause the people to become terrified and want to run away.
539DEU720w9smfigs-idiom0perish from your presenceThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “die so you do not see them anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
540DEU721at6h0You will not“Never”
541DEU721v7bu0a great and fearsome God“a great and awesome God” or “a great God who causes the people to fear”
542DEU722d61j0little by little“slowly”
543DEU723m5infigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahwehs words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
544DEU723lkz5figs-idiom0give you victory overThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “enable you to defeat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
545DEU723qmm80victory over them“victory over the armies from the other nations”
546DEU723pa1h0he will greatly confuse them“he will make them so they cannot think clearly”
547DEU723cpi5figs-activepassive0until they are destroyedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until you have destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
548DEU724v25yfigs-idiom0you will make their name perish from under heavenThe Israelites will completely destroy all the people from those nations, and in the future no one will remember them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
549DEU724q4py0stand before you“stand against you” or “defend themselves against you”
550DEU725tq89figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahwehs words. In verse 25 he speaks to the group as a group, so the forms of “you” are plural, but in verse 26 he speaks as if the Israelites are one person, so the forms are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
551DEU725y5bl0You will burnThis is a command.
552DEU725d8rc0do not covet…trapped by itThese words add to the instruction to burn the idols.
553DEU725su6cfigs-metaphor0you will become trapped by itEven taking the gold or silver on the idols could cause the people to start worshiping them. By doing this they would become like an animal caught by a trap. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it will become a trap to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
554DEU725z31g0for it is an abomination to Yahweh your GodThese words tell why Yahweh wants the people to burn the idols. “do this because Yahweh your God hates it very much”
555DEU726b8dpfigs-doublet0You will utterly detest and abhorThe words “detest” and “abhor” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of hatred. Alternate translation: “You will completely hate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
556DEU726xs75figs-metaphor0for it is set apart for destructionYahweh cursing something and promising to destroy it is spoken of as if Yahweh were setting the object apart from everything else. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh has set it apart for destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
557DEU8introw4zj0# Deuteronomy 08 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Forgetting<br>This chapter recalls the great things that Yahweh has done for Israel and is about to do for them. This is so they do not forget him and they will continue to worship him. They must remember that Yahweh is the source of their blessings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])<br>
558DEU81rbf2figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
559DEU81zvt4figs-you0You must keep…you may live and multiply, and go in and possess…your fathersAll instances of “you” and “your” and the verbs are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
560DEU82t2tjfigs-idiom0You will call to mindThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “You must remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
561DEU82c56qtranslate-numbers0forty years“40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
562DEU82a9m60he might humble you“he might show you how weak and sinful you are”
563DEU82l3al0to know“to reveal” or “to show”
564DEU82y8fnfigs-metonymy0what was in your heartThe heart is a symbol of a persons character. Alternate translation: “what kind of people you are” or “how you would behave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
565DEU83aiu7figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. He continues to remind them of what they should “call to mind” ([Deuteronomy 8:2](../08/02.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
566DEU83upj20He humbled you“Yahweh showed you how weak and sinful you are.” See how “he might humble you” is translated in [Deuteronomy 8:2](../08/02.md).
567DEU83ygr40fed you with manna“gave you manna to eat”
568DEU83t9befigs-synecdoche0it is not by bread alone that people liveHere “bread” represents all food. Alternate translation: “food is not the only thing people need so they can live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
569DEU83d9asfigs-metonymy0it is by everything that proceeds out of the mouth of Yahweh that people liveHere “the mouth of Yahweh” is a metonym for the words that Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “people must obey the commands of Yahweh so they can live” or “people must do what Yahweh tells them to do so they can live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
570DEU84b3h6figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
571DEU84pr860Your clothing…forty yearsThis is the last item that they should “call to mind” ([Deuteronomy 8:2](../08/02.md)).
572DEU84d347translate-numbers0forty years“40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
573DEU85fty10You will think…God disciplines youThis continues the list of commands that begins in [Deuteronomy 8:1](./01.md).
574DEU85fn6ffigs-metonymy0You will think about in your heartHere the metonym “heart” represents the thoughts and understanding of a person. Alternate translation: “You will understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
575DEU86j5yw0You will keep…honor himThis continues the list of commands that begins in [Deuteronomy 8:1](./01.md).
576DEU87y2tjfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
577DEU87jl8h0a land of“a land with” or “a land that has”
578DEU89gx2vfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
579DEU89s4ftfigs-litotes0a land in which you will eat bread without lackThis litotes can be translated positively. Alternate translation: “a land where there will be plenty of food for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
580DEU89s966figs-doublenegatives0where you will not go without anythingThis can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “where you will have everything you need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
581DEU89dyk20stones are made of ironThe stones are full of iron ore. Iron is a very hard metal useful for swords and plows.
582DEU89q74l0dig copper“mine copper.” Copper is a soft metal useful for making household utensils.
583DEU810cat40You will eat and be full“You will have enough food to eat until you are full”
584DEU810ac1j0you will bless“you will praise” or “you will give thanks to”
585DEU811i252figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
586DEU812g2420Connecting Statement:This verse describes the first two items of a list of five things that might make the Israelites forget about Yahweh (verse 11): “when you eat and are full” and “when you build good houses.”
587DEU812eyd50when you eat and are full“when you have enough food to eat”
588DEU812ft1pfigs-metonymy0your heart will be lifted upHere “heart” represents the inner person. To become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the persons heart is lifted up. Alternate translation: “you will become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
589DEU813vg4r0Connecting Statement:This verse describes the last three of the five things that might cause them to forget Yahweh. The first two are “you eat and are full” and “you build good houses and live in them” ([Deuteronomy 8:12](./12.md)). The last three are “when your herds and flocks multiply,” “when your silver and gold increase,” and “all that you have is multiplied.”
590DEU813yd2efigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
591DEU813tyu10your herds and flocks“your herds of cattle and flocks of sheep and goats”
592DEU813hl2t0multiplyincrease greatly in number
593DEU813ax24figs-activepassive0all that you have is multipliedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have many more things” or “you have many more possessions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
594DEU814rus30Connecting Statement:This verse contains the first two of three items Moses warns the people to be careful of ([Deuteronomy 8:11](./11.md)): that “your heart becomes lifted up” and “you forget Yahweh your God.” It then lists the first of four characteristics of Yahweh that they need to remember, that Yahweh “brought you out of the land of Egypt.”
595DEU814en28figs-metonymy0your heart becomes lifted upHere “heart” represents the inner person. To become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the persons heart is lifted up. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 8:12](../08/12.md). Alternate translation: “you become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
596DEU814a2g6figs-distinguish0who brought you outMoses begins to remind the Israelites of what they know about Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
597DEU814k1ukfigs-metaphor0out of the house of bondageThis is a metaphor for the time they were slaves in Egypt. Alternate translation: “out from the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
598DEU815p6ka0Connecting Statement:This verse gives the second and third items in the list of characteristics that Moses reminds the Israelites that they must remember about “Yahweh your God” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)) the first being that he “brought you out of Egypt” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)). the second that he led them “through the…wilderness,” and the third that he “brought…water out of the rock.”
599DEU815x3kwfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
600DEU815c4zsfigs-distinguish0Moses continues to remind the Israelites of what they know about Yahweh ([Deuteronomy 8:14](../08/14.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
601DEU815da8e0who led…who brought“Yahweh, who led…Yahweh, who brought”
602DEU815nlk70fiery serpents“poisonous snakes”
603DEU815x91qfigs-personification0thirsty groundThis phrase describes the ground as being thirsty just like a person is thirsty when he needs water. Alternate translation: “dry ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
604DEU816uzq30Connecting Statement:This is the fourth item in the list of characteristics that Moses reminds the Israelites that they must remember about “Yahweh your God” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)) the first being that he “brought you out of Egypt” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)), the second that he led them “through the…wilderness” ([Deuteronomy 8:15](./15.md)), and the third that he “brought…water out of the rock” ([Deuteronomy 8:15](./15.md)).
605DEU816crk40He fedMoses continues to remind the Israelites of what they know about Yahweh ([Deuteronomy 8:14](../08/14.md)). “Yahweh fed”
606DEU816q4640to do you good“to help you” or “because it would be good for you”
607DEU817uf8j0Connecting Statement:This is the third item in the list of things that Yahweh warns the Israelites that they might do ([Deuteronomy 8:11](./11.md)), the first being “your heart becomes lifted up” and the second being “you forget Yahweh your God” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)).
608DEU817sd9ifigs-metonymy0but you may say in your heartThis is the third thing the people might do when their hearts “become lifted up” and they “forget Yahweh” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](../08/14.md)). Here “heart” is a metonym for a persons innermost thoughts. Alternate translation: “but you may think to yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
609DEU817g2bffigs-metonymy0My power and the might of my hand acquired all this wealthHere “hand” refers to a mans power or ability. Alternate translation: “I got this wealth because I am so strong and powerful” or “I have acquired all these things by my own power and ability” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
610DEU818ftx1figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
611DEU818nl2afigs-idiom0But you will call to mindThis idiom is a command. Alternate translation: “But remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
612DEU818g9fc0that he may establishPossible meanings are 1) “in this way he establishes” or 2) “in this way he is faithful to establish.”
613DEU818i5v90that he may“so he can”
614DEU818axw60establishcause to stand or to remain
615DEU818in9j0as it is today“as he is doing now” or “as he is establishing his covenant now”
616DEU819sdv6figs-metaphor0walk after other godsWalking is a metaphor for obeying. Alternate translation: “serve other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
617DEU819u2bqfigs-you0against you…you willThese instances of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
618DEU819rd160I testify against you“I warn you” or “I tell you in front of witnesses”
619DEU819umv60you will surely perish“you will certainly die”
620DEU820d86jfigs-you0before you…you perish…you would not…your GodAll these instances of “you” and “your” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
621DEU820a8kh0before you“in front of you”
622DEU820l83xfigs-metonymy0would not listen to the voice of YahwehHere “the voice of Yahweh” means what Yahweh tells his people to do. Alternate translation: “would not obey Yahwehs commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
623DEU9introid6j0# Deuteronomy 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahwehs victory<br>This chapter assures the Israelites that it is Yahweh who will empower them to conquer the Promised Land. The Israelites will not be strong enough on their own to conquer these other nations. This victory will be Yahwehs. The people did not earn this victory, but it is Yahwehs punishment of these sinful nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Israels sin<br>Yahweh is about to punish the Canaanites for their sin. He also reminds Israel of their sin. This serves as a warning to the people of Israel. If they sin again, Yahweh will punish them too.<br>
624DEU91iqh4figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
625DEU91wy46figs-metonymy0Hear, IsraelThe word “Israel” is a metonym for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Listen, people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
626DEU91n75r0to dispossess“to take the land from”
627DEU91zw1nfigs-hyperbole0fortified up to heavenThis is an exaggeration that emphasizes how frightened the people were because the cities were so large and strong. See how you translated similar words in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/28.md). Alternate translation: “have walls so high it is like they reach up to the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
628DEU92s1tefigs-explicit0sons of the AnakimDescendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. See how you translated similar words in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
629DEU92ar68figs-rquestion0Who can stand before the sons of Anak?This means that the sons of Anak were powerful and people were afraid of them. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no one who can defend himself against the sons of Anak.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
630DEU93ax4lfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
631DEU93jgy60todayMoses is speaking of the days and weeks beginning on that day, not of the time since the sun had last set.
632DEU93aj58figs-simile0like a devouring fireYahweh is powerful and able to destroy the armies of the other nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
633DEU93neu70subdue them before you“make them weak so you can control them”
634DEU94jp4rfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
635DEU94xr9cfigs-metonymy0Do not say in your heartHere “in your heart” means “in your thoughts.” Alternate translation: “Do not think to yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
636DEU94hm6e0has thrust them out“has driven the other peoples out”
637DEU95bb7ifigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
638DEU95r3iqfigs-idiom0the uprightness of your heartThis is an idiom. “because you always thought and desired the right things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
639DEU95e9izfigs-metonymy0so that he may make come true the wordHere the metonym “the word” refers to what God has promised. Alternate translation: “so that he may fulfill the promise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
640DEU95hb360your ancestors, to Abraham, Isaac, and JacobAbraham, Isaac, and Jacob are the “ancestors” of whom Moses is speaking.
641DEU96hql8figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
642DEU97rx7gfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
643DEU97jiv9figs-doublet0Remember and do not forgetMoses repeats the same command both positively and negatively to emphasize the importance of remembering. The command is plural. Alternate translation: “Be careful to remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
644DEU97ze78figs-you0how you provoked YahwehHere “you” refers to the Israelites that are present with Moses and also the Israelites of the previous generation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
645DEU97ldb8figs-you0you came to this place, you have been rebelliousThese instances of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
646DEU97kd2z0to this placeThis refers to the Jordan River Valley.
647DEU98rwk3figs-you0you provoked…with you to destroy youThese instances of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
648DEU99bu4r0General Information:Moses is reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past.
649DEU99icg8figs-parallelism0the tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant that Yahweh made with youHere the second phrase clarifies that “the tablets of stone” are the ones on which God wrote the Ten Commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
650DEU99z7w7translate-numbers0forty days and forty nights“40 days and 40 nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
651DEU910e2t6figs-activepassive0on them was written everything just like all the words that Yahweh announced to youThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh wrote on them the same words he had said to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
652DEU910cq6h0Yahweh announced…out of the middle of the fireIt was as if Yahweh were a person standing in the middle of a fire and speaking with a loud voice.
653DEU910v46nfigs-abstractnouns0on the day of the assemblyThe abstract noun “assembly” can be expressed as the verb “gather together.” Alternate translation: “on the day when you Israelites all came and met together in one place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
654DEU911a75btranslate-numbers0forty days and forty nights“40 days and 40 nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
655DEU911cq34figs-parallelism0the two tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenantThe second phrase clarifies that “the two tablets of stone” are the ones on which God wrote the Ten Commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
656DEU912n8p50your people…have corrupted themselves“your people…are doing what is wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md).
657DEU912ce69figs-metaphor0They have quickly turned aside out of the path that I commanded themMoses speaks as if obeying Gods commands were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “They have already disobeyed my commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
658DEU914lkr50blot out their name from under heaven“make their name disappear completely” or “kill them all so no one will ever remember them.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 7:24](../07/24.md).
659DEU915d8yc0General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past.
660DEU916j8rb0beholdThe word “behold” here shows that Moses was surprised by what he saw.
661DEU916ux9pfigs-explicit0molded for yourselves a calfThe Israelites of the earlier generation had asked Aaron to make a metal calf so they could worship it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
662DEU916bf750You had quickly turned aside out of the path that Yahweh had commanded youMoses speaks as if obeying Gods commands were walking along a path. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “You had quickly disobeyed what Yahweh had commanded you”
663DEU917r2ah0General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
664DEU917x4n5figs-synecdoche0I broke them before your eyesHere “your eyes” is a synecdoche for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “I broke them right in front of you” or “I broke them where you could see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
665DEU918xf6d0lay facedown“lay with my face on the ground.” This is a way of showing that Yahweh was great and Moses was not.
666DEU918y3wmtranslate-numbers0forty days and forty nights“40 days and 40 nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
667DEU919li9n0General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past.
668DEU919vv3j0I was afraid of the anger and hot displeasure with which Yahweh was angry enough against you to destroy youThe words “anger and hot displeasure” are a metonym for what Yahweh would do because he was angry and displeased. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was angry at you—he was extremely displeased with you—he was angry enough to destroy you, and so I was afraid of what he would do”
669DEU921n7ea0General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
670DEU921wf7q0I took…burned…beat…ground…threwMoses probably commanded other men to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “I had people take…burn…beat…grind…throw”
671DEU921hql7figs-metonymy0your sin, the calf that you had madeHere the gold calf itself referred to as their “sin.” Alternate translation: “the calf, which you sinfully made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
672DEU922t2710General Information:Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
673DEU922n8jqtranslate-names0Taberah…Massah…Kibroth HattaavahThese are names of places that the people of Israel went through while they were in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
674DEU923xz230Go upThey were on low land, and the land Yahweh had told them to take was in the hills, so they had to go uphill to get to it.
675DEU923dxq9figs-metonymy0rebelled against the commandmentThe word “commandment” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “rebelled against Yahweh; you did not obey the commandment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
676DEU923bfb9figs-metonymy0listen to his voiceHere “his voice” means what God had said. Alternate translation: “obey what he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
677DEU924r2430from the day that I knew you“from the time I began to lead you.” Some translations read “from the day that he knew you,” the day that Yahweh first knew them.
678DEU925fq4v0General Information:Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
679DEU925tka10lay facedown before Yahweh“lay with my face on the ground.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 9:18](../09/18.md).
680DEU925j7rstranslate-numbers0forty days and forty nights“40 days and 40 nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
681DEU926ki6vfigs-metaphor0you have redeemedMoses speaks as if Yahweh had rescued the Israelites by paying money to free them from slavery. Alternate translation: “you have rescued” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
682DEU926mct6figs-metonymy0through your greatnessThe word “greatness” is a metonym for Yahwehs great power. Alternate translation: “through your great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
683DEU926ifw2figs-metaphor0with a mighty handHere “a mighty hand” refers to Yahwehs power. See how you translated similar words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “with your mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
684DEU927liv50General Information:Moses continues praying to Yahweh so that he may not destroy the people of Israel.
685DEU927hp8sfigs-idiom0Call to mindThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
686DEU928cc26figs-metonymy0so that the land from where you brought usThe words “the land” are a metonym for the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “so that the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
687DEU928pt4p0should say“can say”
688DEU929rw92figs-doublet0by your great strength and by the display of your powerThese phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Yahwehs power that he used to rescue his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
689DEU10introceg60# Deuteronomy 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a continuation of the previous chapter.<br><br>This chapter focuses on retelling the great things Yahweh has done. It is a continuation of the material from the previous chapter. It is possible that this is a type of sermon or homily, where Moses is giving the people instructions.<br>
690DEU101y2d70General Information:Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
691DEU101zf2r0At that time“After I finished praying”
692DEU101sa1tfigs-ellipsis0the firstThis refers to the first set of tablets that Moses had broken. Alternate translation: “the tablets you had before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
693DEU101lyz60the mountainThis refers to Mount Sinai.
694DEU103v71i0General Information:Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
695DEU103wt9nfigs-ellipsis0the firstThis refers to the first set of tablets that Moses had broken. Alternate translation: “the tablets I had before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
696DEU103u26k0went up the mountain“went up Mount Sinai”
697DEU104gjg70out of the middle of the fireIt was as if Yahweh were a person standing in the middle of a fire and speaking with a loud voice. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 9:10](../09/10.md).
698DEU104ax1a0on the day of the assemblyThe abstract noun “assembly” can be expressed as the verb “gather together.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 9:10](../09/10.md). Alternate translation: “on the day when you Israelites all came and met together in one place”
699DEU105wr6b0General Information:Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
700DEU105n7vn0I turnedHere “I” refers to Moses.
701DEU105a3fq0came down from the mountain“came down from Mount Sinai”
702DEU105tia80in the ark“in the box” or “in the chest”
703DEU106kwb8writing-background0General Information:The writer continues the short account of where the Israelites had traveled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
704DEU106f4iwtranslate-names0Beeroth Bene Jaakan…MoserahThese are names of different places the people of Israel went through while in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
705DEU106qpt10Beeroth Bene JaakanTranslator may add a footnote: “The name Beeroth Bene Jaakan means the wells that belonged to the sons of Jaakan or the wells that belonged to the people of Jaakan.’”
706DEU106l2u3figs-activepassive0there he was buriedThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that is where they buried him” or “the Israelites buried him there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
707DEU106pv97translate-names0EleazarThis is the name of Aarons son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
708DEU107rc19writing-background0From there they journeyed…a land of streams of waterThis continues the background information about where the people of Israel traveled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
709DEU107qs9atranslate-names0Gudgodah…JotbathahThese are names of different places the people of Israel went through while in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
710DEU108pl1xwriting-background0General Information:The writer begins to explain why the tribe of Levi has no inheritance in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
711DEU108p84pfigs-idiom0to stand before Yahweh to serve himThis is an idiom. “to offer the sacrifices that Yahweh requires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
712DEU108dqs6figs-metonymy0in his nameHere “name” refers to authority. Alternate translation: “as representatives of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
713DEU108br5a0as today“as they are doing today”
714DEU109cy1jwriting-background0The writer finishes explaining why the tribe of Levi has no inheritance in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
715DEU109u8bffigs-explicit0no portion nor inheritance of landThe tribe of Levi did not receive a portion of the promised land when they arrived there. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
716DEU109v39n0Yahweh is his inheritanceYahweh speaks of the special relationship that Aaron and his descendants will have with him as if Yahweh were something that they will inherit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is what they will have” or “Yahweh will allow them to serve him and he will provide for them through that service”
717DEU109knv8figs-you0Yahweh your GodMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “your” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
718DEU109z9a90spoke to him“spoke to the tribe of Levi”
719DEU1010hja20General Information:Moses resumes reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
720DEU1010c3iztranslate-ordinal0as at the first time“first” is the ordinal number for one. Here it refers to the first time Moses went up Mount Sinai to receive the stone tablets from Yahweh. “as I did the first time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
721DEU1010kq11translate-numbers0forty days and forty nights“40 days and 40 nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
722DEU1010n2kdfigs-you0destroy youMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
723DEU1011ydj20possess the land“take the land” or “take possession of the land”
724DEU1011yxy10their ancestorsThis refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
725DEU1011sre90to give to them“that I would give to you, their descendants”
726DEU1012wg8efigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
727DEU1012d3lkfigs-metonymy0Now, IsraelHere the metonym “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Now, people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
728DEU1012x2jwfigs-rquestion0what does Yahweh your God require of you, except to fear…with all your soulMoses uses a question to teach the people of Israel. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God requires you to do no more than this: to fear…with all your soul.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
729DEU1012hd9pfigs-metaphor0to walk in all his waysMoses speaks as if obeying Yahweh were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “to obey all his commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
730DEU1012l6eafigs-metonymy0with all your heart and with all your soulHere “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a persons inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated these two phrases in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
731DEU1013ct9nfigs-rquestion0to keep the commandments…for your own good?Moses uses a question to teach the people of Israel. This rhetorical question begins with the words “what does Yahweh your God require of you, except to fear…with all your soul” in verse 12. It can be translated as a statement. “Yahweh your God requires you to do no more than this: to fear…with all your soul, to keep the commandments…for your own good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
732DEU1014kf71figs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
733DEU1014m7ma0Behold, to“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: to”
734DEU1014n5n6figs-merism0heaven…earthThese words show two extremes, and are combined to mean that all things everywhere belong to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
735DEU1014ifm90the heaven of heavensThis refers to the highest places in the heavens. Everything in the heavens belong to God.
736DEU1015swp3figs-you0chose youHere the word “you” refers to all the Israelites and is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
737DEU1016g7qt0Therefore“Because of this”
738DEU1016f72xfigs-metaphor0circumcise the foreskin of your heartThe word “foreskin” refers to the fold of skin on a mans private parts that is removed during circumcision. Here Moses is referring to a spiritual circumcision. This means the people must remove the sin from their lives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
739DEU1017d6f40God of gods“the supreme God” or “the only true God”
740DEU1017z3d60Lord of masters“the supreme Lord” or “the greatest Lord”
741DEU1017b61i0the fearsome one“the one who causes people to fear”
742DEU1018u19l0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
743DEU1018rsq90He executes justice for the fatherless“Yahweh makes sure that people treat the fatherless justly”
744DEU1018j7ma0fatherlessThese are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them.
745DEU1018c95p0widowA true widow is a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age.
746DEU1019wt1s0Therefore“Because of this”
747DEU1020ra84figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
748DEU1020m1qe0him will you worship“he is the one you must worship”
749DEU1020zn42figs-metaphor0To him you must clingTo have a good relationship with Yahweh and to completely rely on him is spoken of as if the person were clinging to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “You must rely on him” or “He is the one you must rely on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
750DEU1020t17wfigs-metonymy0by his name will you swearTo swear by the name of Yahweh means to make Yahweh the basis or the power on which the oath is made. Here “name” represents Yahweh himself. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 6:13](../06/13.md). Alternate translation: “you will swear and ask Yahweh to confirm it” or “when you swear you will speak his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
751DEU1021d1ihfigs-synecdoche0which your eyes have seenHere “eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “which you yourselves have seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
752DEU1021ltw90He is your praisePossible meanings are 1) “He is the one you must praise” or 2) “It is because you worship him that other peoples will praise you”
753DEU1022es8ifigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they are one man, so “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
754DEU1022p41a0went down into Egypt“traveled south to Egypt” or “went to Egypt”
755DEU1022ap9ntranslate-numbers0seventy persons“70 persons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
756DEU1022hh5tfigs-simile0as many as the stars of the heavensThis emphasizes the large number of Israelites that were with Moses. Alternate translation: “more than you can count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
757DEU11introifg30# Deuteronomy 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Therefore<br>This chapter begins with the word “therefore,” which looks back to the instructions Moses gave in the previous two chapters.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Eyewitnesses<br>The instruction that Moses gives and the retelling of the great things Yahweh has done for Israel are very important. This is because the generation entering into the Promised Land did not witness many of these events. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>### Covenant<br>This chapter is included in the covenant God made with Moses, even though it is not explicitly said. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
758DEU111sgh50General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
759DEU111e1ef0always keep“always obey”
760DEU112s2x10who have not known nor have they seen“who have not experienced”
761DEU112vs5pfigs-metaphor0his mighty hand, or his outstretched armHere “mighty hand” and “outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahwehs power. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “or his mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
762DEU113b9xu0in the midst of Egypt“in Egypt”
763DEU113ss4yfigs-metonymy0to all his landHere “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “to all his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
764DEU114hk2q0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the adult Israelites who were old enough to see what God did in Egypt.
765DEU114put10Neither did they see what he did“Neither did your children see what Yahweh did”
766DEU114py3h0the army of Egypt“the Egyptian soldiers”
767DEU114f5e50they pursued after youHere “you” means the Israelites who were alive about 40 years earlier.
768DEU115xr7g0to this placeThis means the plain of the Jordan River Valley where Moses is speaking to them before they cross over into Canaan.
769DEU116c93d0General Information:Moses continues to remind the adults to teach their children Gods mighty deeds.
770DEU116krb7figs-explicit0Dathan and Abiram, the sons of EliabMoses is referring to an event in the past when Dathan and Abiram rebelled against Moses and Aaron. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
771DEU116i1ygtranslate-names0Dathan…Abiram…EliabThese are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
772DEU116c61u0son of Reuben“descendant of Reuben”
773DEU116b3l3figs-personification0earth opened its mouth and swallowed them upYahweh causing the land to split open so that the people fell in is spoken of as if the land had a mouth and the ability to swallow people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
774DEU116gy9p0every living thing that followed themThis refers to their servants and animals.
775DEU116vi6h0in the middle of all IsraelThis means all the people of Israel witnessed what happened to Dathan, Abiram, their families, and their possessions.
776DEU117z5clfigs-synecdoche0But your eyes have seenHere “eyes” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “But you have seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
777DEU118in5y0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
778DEU118b5ga0possess the land“take the land”
779DEU118z7fm0where you are going over to possess itThe phrase “are going over” is used because the people of Israel will have to cross the Jordan River to enter into Canaan.
780DEU119h376figs-metaphor0prolong your daysLong days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
781DEU119gfv3figs-idiom0a land flowing with milk and honeyThis is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
782DEU1110nbu8figs-metonymy0watered it with your footPossible meanings are 1) “foot” is a metonym that represents the hard work of walking to carry water to the fields. Alternate translation: “worked hard to water it” or 2) they would use their feet to turn a water wheel that supplied water to the fields. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
783DEU1110kfl70garden of herbs“vegetable garden” or “garden of vegetables”
784DEU1111wn5tfigs-personification0drinks water of the rain of the heavensThe land receiving and absorbing a lot of rain is spoken of as if the land were drinking the water. Alternate translation: “the rain from the sky gives it plenty of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
785DEU1112a1x8figs-metonymy0the eyes of Yahweh your God are always upon itHere “eyes” represents attention and care. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God is always watching over it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
786DEU1112sxh3figs-merism0from the beginning of the year to the end of the yearHere the two extremes “beginning” and “end” are used together to mean the entire year. Alternate translation: “continuously throughout the entire year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
787DEU1113l1bu0It will happen, ifThis means that what Yahweh promises will happen if the Israelites obey his commands.
788DEU1113r5mf0that I commandHere “I” refers to Moses.
789DEU1113tfk6figs-idiom0with all your heart and with all your soulThe idiom “with all your heart” means “completely” and “with…soul” means “with all your being.” These two phrases have similar meanings. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). Alternate translation: “with all your being” or “with all your energy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
790DEU1114y9qx0I will give the rain of your land in its season“I will cause it to rain on your land in the proper season”
791DEU1114b1z30I will giveHere “I” refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in the third person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will give” or “He will give”
792DEU1114w91t0the former rain and the latter rainThis refers to rain at the beginning of the sowing season and rain for maturing the crops for harvest. Alternate translation: “the autumn rain and spring rain” or “the rain in the right seasons”
793DEU1116vz1g0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
794DEU1116j2pw0Pay attention to yourselves“Be careful” or “Beware”
795DEU1116f3wjfigs-metonymy0so that your heart is not deceivedHere “heart” represents a persons desires or thoughts. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that your desires do not deceive you” or “so that you do not deceive yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
796DEU1116a9spfigs-metaphor0you turn aside and worship other godsRejecting Yahweh and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if the person would physically turn and go in a different direction away from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “you start worshiping other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
797DEU1117zgj8figs-metaphor0so that the anger of Yahweh is not kindled against youGod becoming angry is spoken of as if it were a fire that were starting. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that Yahweh does not become angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
798DEU1117a2a4figs-metaphor0so that he does not shut up the heavens so that there will be no rain, and the land will not yield its fruitGod causing no rain to fall from the sky is spoken of as if he were closing the sky. Alternate translation: “so that he does not cause the rain to stop falling from the sky so that crops will not grow in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
799DEU1118q8ihfigs-metaphor0lay up these words of mine in your heart and soulA person always thinking about and considering what Moses commands is spoken of as if the heart and soul were a container and Mosess words were the content to fill the container. Alternate translation: “be very careful to remember these words that I am saying to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
800DEU1118h8da0these words of mine“these commands that I have given you”
801DEU1118i4plfigs-metonymy0your heart and soulHere “heart” and “soul” represent a persons mind or thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
802DEU1118qb2sfigs-metonymy0bind them“tie these words.” This is a metonym that represents a person writing the words on a parchment, putting the parchment in a pouch, and tying the pouch. This metonymy in turn may be a metaphor meaning the people must be careful to obey Mosess commands. See how you translated similar phrases in [Deuteronomy 6:8](../06/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
803DEU1118y3rx0as a sign on your hand“as something to make you remember my laws”
804DEU1118gj3rfigs-metonymy0let them be as frontlets between your eyes“let my words be as frontlets between your eyes.” This is a metonym that represents a person writing Moses words on parchement, putting the parchement in a pouch, and tying the pouch so it sits between his eyes. This metonymy in turn may be a metaphor that means the person must be careful to obey all of Moses commands. See how you translated similar phrases in [Deuteronomy 6:8](../06/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
805DEU1118d4s20frontletsornaments a person wears on the forehead
806DEU1119yv8nfigs-merism0when you sit in your house, when you walk on the road, when you lie down, and when you get upUsing the different places “in your house” and “on the road,” and the opposites “when you lie down” and “get up,” represent anywhere, anytime. The people of Israel were to discuss Gods commandments and teach them to their children anytime and anywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
807DEU1120d44d0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
808DEU1120f5zw0You will write them on the doorposts of your house and on your city gatesSee how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 6:9](../06/09.md).
809DEU1121s3fjfigs-activepassive0that your days and the days of your children may be multipliedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh may cause you and your children to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
810DEU1121pi2p0to your ancestorsThis refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
811DEU1121kg7qfigs-simile0to give them for as long as the heavens are above the earthThis compares how long the people could stay in the land to how long the sky will exist above the earth. This is a way of saying “forever.” Alternate translation: “to give them as a possession forever” or “to allow them to live there forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
812DEU1122qq4s0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
813DEU1122q3vs0For if you diligently keep all these commandments that I am commanding you, so as to do them“For if you are careful to do everything that I have commanded you”
814DEU1122bh45figs-metaphor0walk in all his waysHow Yahweh wants a person to live and behave is spoken of as if they are Yahwehs ways or roads. A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if he were walking on Yahwehs ways or roads. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
815DEU1122e7rkfigs-metaphor0to cling to himTo have a good relationship with Yahweh and to completely rely on him is spoken of as if the person were clinging to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to rely on him” or “to have a good relationship with him” Look at how similar words are translated in [Deuteronomy 10:20](../10/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
816DEU1123zr2cfigs-metonymy0all these nations from before you, and you will dispossess nationsHere “nations” represent the people groups already living in Canaan. Alternate translation: “all of these people groups from before you, and you will take the land from people groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
817DEU1123u3150larger and mightier than yourselvesAlthough Israels army is smaller and weaker than the people groups living in Canaan, Yahweh will enable the people of Israel to defeat them.
818DEU1124v5q10General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
819DEU1124x2pifigs-synecdoche0Every place where the sole of your foot will treadHere “the sole of your foot” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “Every place you go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
820DEU1124u8910from the river, the Euphrates River“from the Euphrates River”
821DEU1125imb90No man will be able to stand before youThe phrase “stand before you” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to stop you” or “No one will be able to oppose you”
822DEU1125zn8ifigs-metaphor0Yahweh your God will lay the fear of you and the terror of you upon all the land that you tread onYahweh causing the people to be very afraid is spoken of as if fear and terror were an object that he will place on the people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will cause the people in every place you go to be very afraid of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
823DEU1125r396figs-doublet0the fear of you and the terror of youThe words “fear” and “terror” mean the same thing and emphasize the intensity of fear. Alternate translation: “a terrible fear of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
824DEU1125w58wfigs-metonymy0upon all the land that you tread onHere “the land” is a metonym for all the people in the land. Alternate translation: “upon all the people in every place you go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
825DEU1126l2v10General Information:Here Moses summarizes the two options the people of Israel could choose. They could choose to obey and receive Gods blessing or they could choose to disobey and receive Gods punishment.
826DEU1126tc5k0Look“Pay attention”
827DEU1126d2d5figs-metaphor0I set before you today a blessing and a curseAllowing the people to choose whether they want God to bless them or curse them is spoken of as if a blessing and a curse were objects that Moses is setting in front of them. Alternate translation: “Today you must choose whether God will bless you or curse you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
828DEU1127lzg6figs-abstractnouns0the blessing, if you obeyThe abstract noun “blessing” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “God will bless you if you obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
829DEU1128ei5pfigs-metaphor0but turn aside from the way that I command you today, to go after other godsThe commands of Yahweh that Moses is telling the people are spoken of as if they were Gods way or road. To not obey Gods commands is spoken of as if people physically were to turn in another direction away from Yahweh to follow other gods. Alternate translation: “but stop obeying what I command you today, in order to worship other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
830DEU1128u5cq0other gods that you have not knownThis refers to the gods that other people groups worship. The Israelites know Yahweh because he has revealed himself to them and they have experienced his power.
831DEU1129m6sp0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
832DEU1129zsz3figs-metaphor0you will set the blessing on Mount Gerizim, and the curse on Mount EbalThe blessing and the curse are spoken of as if they were objects that someone will set on the mountains. Alternate translation: “some of you must stand on top of Mount Gerazim and proclaim what will cause Yahweh to bless you, and the others must stand on top of Mount Ebal and proclaim what will cause Yahweh to curse you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
833DEU1129t5wjtranslate-names0Mount Gerizim…Mount EbalThese are names of mountains on the west side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
834DEU1130k2bvfigs-rquestion0Are they not beyond the Jordan…Moreh?The Israelites are on the eastern side of the Jordan River. Moses uses a question to remind the people where these mountains are located. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “As you know, they are beyond the Jordan…Moreh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
835DEU1130b5qt0beyond the Jordan“on the west side of the Jordan River”
836DEU1130pgr70west of the western road“in the west”
837DEU1130rq9ctranslate-names0over against Gilgal“near Gilgal” This may not be the same place as the city near Jericho. Moses may be referring to a place that is near Shechem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
838DEU1130l23vtranslate-names0oaks of MorehThese are sacred trees near Gilgal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
839DEU1131ke820General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
840DEU1132k55e0all the statutes and the decreesThese are the statutes and decrees Moses will give in Deuteronomy 12-26.
841DEU1132h7se0I set before you todayThis does not mean these are new. Moses is reviewing the same statutes and decrees that he gave 40 years earlier.
842DEU1132jh1qfigs-metaphor0I set before youGods statutes and decrees, which Moses is telling the people, are spoken of as if they were objects that Moses is setting before the people. Alternate translation: “I am giving to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
843DEU12intromt760# Deuteronomy 12 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Covenant with Moses<br><br>This chapter is a continuation of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. The reasons for these food restrictions are not always known.(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Israel and Yahweh<br><br>In the ancient Near East, when nations conquered other nations, they often added the gods of the conquered nation into their collection of gods they worshiped. It was rare to worship only one God. Israel was to be known for worshiping Yahweh and Yahweh alone. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br>
844DEU121dsl20General Information:Moses is still talking to the people of Israel.
845DEU121pm4g0you will keep“you must obey”
846DEU121bb6rfigs-idiom0all the days that you live on the earthThe phrase “live on the earth” is an idiom that means as long as a person lives. Alternate translation: “for as long as you live” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
847DEU122vl2v0You will surely destroy“You must destroy”
848DEU122hx1lfigs-metonymy0the nations that you will dispossessHere “nations” represents the people groups that live in Canaan. Alternate translation: “the people groups whose land you will take” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
849DEU123v1nf0General Information:Moses is still talking to the people of Israel.
850DEU123ucw60You must break down their altars“you must pull apart the altars of those nations” or “you must destroy the altars of those nations”
851DEU123ra630dash in pieces“break into pieces” or “shatter”
852DEU123cj66figs-metonymy0destroy their nameHere “their name” represents “the memory of them.” Alternate translation: “destroy them so completely that no one will remember them” or “destroy anything that represents these false gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
853DEU123axu80that placeThis refers to each place where the nations worshiped their gods.
854DEU124c44f0You will not worship Yahweh your God like that“You should not worship Yahweh your God like those nations worshiped their gods”
855DEU125h2cmfigs-metonymy0the place that Yahweh your God will choose out of all your tribes to put his nameHere “his name” refers to God himself. Yahweh will choose one location where he will live and people will come to worship him there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
856DEU125x9cv0it is there that you will goThey will go to worship where God decides.
857DEU126g357figs-synecdoche0the offerings presented by your handHere “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “the offerings that you present” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
858DEU126cdg40your offerings for vows, your freewill offerings“your offerings to fulfill a vow, your voluntary offerings.” These are types of offerings.
859DEU126n2pg0the firstborn of your herds and flocksGod requires that the people give him every firstborn male of their livestock.
860DEU127tvl10It is thereThis refers to the place that Yahweh will choose for the children of Israel to worship.
861DEU127a9rdfigs-synecdoche0rejoice about everything that you have put your hand toHere “put your hand to” represents the whole person and work that he has done. Alternate translation: “rejoice about all the work you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
862DEU128jea60You will not do all the things that we are doing here today“You will not do as we are doing here today.” This means that they would worship in the promised land differently than the way they were worshiping at that moment.
863DEU128qri6figs-metaphor0now everyone is doing whatever is right in his own eyesThe eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “everyone is doing what he considers to be right” or “now everyone is doing what he judges to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
864DEU129b2t6figs-abstractnouns0to the restThe abstract noun “the rest” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “to the land where you will rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
865DEU129d8refigs-metaphor0to the inheritance that Yahweh your God is giving youThe land that God is giving to the people of Israel is spoken of as if it were a possession that a father leaves as an inheritance for his children. Alternate translation: “to the land that Yahweh your God is giving to you as a permanent possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
866DEU1210fj6s0live in the landThis refers to the land of Canaan.
867DEU1210p9tvfigs-metaphor0in the land that Yahweh your God is causing you to inheritGod giving the land of Canaan to the people of Israel is spoken of as if he were a father giving an inheritance to his children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
868DEU1210d8yv0he will give you rest from all your enemies round about“he will give you peace from all your enemies around you”
869DEU1211v237figs-synecdoche0the offerings presented by your handHere “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “the offerings that you present” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
870DEU1211qts60all your choice offerings for vows“all your voluntary offerings to fulfill vows”
871DEU1212x3cu0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
872DEU1212h8ry0rejoice before Yahweh“rejoice in the presence of Yahweh”
873DEU1212m7isfigs-synecdoche0the Levites who are within your gateHere “gates” is a reference to the city itself. Alternate translation: “the Levites who live inside your city” or “the Levites living with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
874DEU1212d42ifigs-metaphor0because he has no portion or inheritance among youThe fact that Yahweh would not give any of the land to the Levites is spoken of as if a father were not giving them an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
875DEU1212b6hqfigs-metonymy0he has no portionHere “he” refers to Levi. Levi represents all of his descendants. Alternate translation: “they have no portion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
876DEU1213em7g0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
877DEU1213q4490Pay attention to yourself“Be careful”
878DEU1213drj50every place that you see“any place that pleases you” or “wherever you want”
879DEU1214h4by0but it is at the place that Yahweh will chooseThe burnt offerings are to be made at the tabernacle. Yahweh himself would choose where the tabernacle would be located.
880DEU1215kks6figs-explicit0However, you may kill and eat animals within all your gatesThe people could only kill animals as sacrifices in the place that Yahweh would choose. They could kill animals for food anywhere they wanted. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
881DEU1215lje2figs-synecdoche0within all your gatesHere “gates” represents the whole city. Alternate translation: “inside your city” or “at your homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
882DEU1215pen3figs-metaphor0the unclean…personsA person who is not acceptable for Gods purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
883DEU1215y3f4figs-metaphor0the clean personsA person who is acceptable for Gods purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
884DEU1215u3a5translate-unknown0the gazelle and the deerThese are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. Alternate translation: “the antelope and the deer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
885DEU1216fvd4figs-explicit0But you will not eat the bloodThe blood represents life and God did not allow the people to eat the blood along with the meat. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
886DEU1217x27w0General Information:Moses describes to the people all the special offerings and sacrifices that are to be made at the tabernacle.
887DEU1217di9lfigs-synecdoche0within your gatesHere “gates” represents the whole city. Alternate translation: “inside your city” or “at your homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
888DEU1217aau9figs-synecdoche0nor that of the offering you present with your handHere “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “nor that of any offering which you bring to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
889DEU1218nia10General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
890DEU1218cbh70you will eat them“you will eat your offerings”
891DEU1218eev40before Yahweh“in the presence of Yahweh
892DEU1218u63zfigs-synecdoche0the Levite who is within your gatesHere “gate” represents the whole city Alternate translation: “any Levite who lives inside your city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
893DEU1218icp1figs-synecdoche0everything to which you put your handHere “put your hand to” represents the whole person and work that he has done. Alternate translation: “rejoice about all the work you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
894DEU1219z7fg0Pay attention to yourself“Be careful”
895DEU1219tz4cfigs-doublenegatives0that you do not forsakeThis can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “that you take good care of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
896DEU1220h1vp0enlarges your borders“enlarges your territory” or “gives you even more land”
897DEU1220j573figs-quotesinquotes0you say, I will eat flesh, because of your desire to eat meatThis is a quotation within a quotation. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “and you decide that you want to eat meat” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
898DEU1220fee8figs-synecdoche0as your soul desiresHere “soul” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “as you want” or “as you crave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
899DEU1221t8nl0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
900DEU1221q6z1figs-metonymy0chooses to put his nameHere “name” refers to God himself. Yahweh would choose a place where he will live and the people will come to worship him. Alternate translation: “chooses to dwell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
901DEU1221e7g3figs-synecdoche0within your gatesHere “gates” represents the whole city.” Alternate translation: “inside your city” or “within your community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
902DEU1221asm3figs-synecdoche0as your soul desiresHere “soul” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “as you desire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
903DEU1222kw43figs-activepassive0Like the gazelle and the deer are eatenThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Just like you eat the gazelle and the deer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
904DEU1222qhx10gazelle and the deerThese are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 12:15](../12/15.md).
905DEU1222sff5figs-metaphor0the unclean…personsA person who is not acceptable for Gods purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
906DEU1222y8v4figs-metaphor0the clean personsA person who is acceptable for Gods purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
907DEU1223msu5figs-metaphor0the blood is the lifeHere the way that blood sustains life is spoken of as if the blood were life itself. Alternate translation: “the blood sustains life” or “the blood causes animals and people to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
908DEU1223vr63figs-metonymy0you will not eat the life with the meatThe word “life” here represents the blood that sustains life. Alternate translation: “You will not eat what sustains life with the meat” or “you will not eat the blood, which sustains life, with the meat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
909DEU1225l199figs-metaphor0what is right in the eyes of YahwehThe eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what is right in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
910DEU1227wp19figs-activepassive0the blood of your sacrifices will be poured outThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the priest will pour out the blood of the sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
911DEU1227tf6lfigs-explicit0you will eat the fleshGods law specifies which parts of the animal are for the burnt offering, which parts are for the priest and which parts are for the offerer to eat. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “you will eat some of the meat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
912DEU1228j39e0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
913DEU1228gnj30Observe and listen to all these words that I command you“Carefully listen to and obey everything that I am commanding you”
914DEU1228zga7figs-synecdoche0that it may go well with you and with your children after youHere “children” means all of their descendants. Alternate translation: “that you and your descendants may prosper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
915DEU1228y6tlfigs-doublet0when you do what is good and rightThe words “good” and “right” have similar meanings and emphasize the importance of right behavior. Alternate translation: “when you do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
916DEU1228ti37figs-metaphor0what is good and right in the eyes of YahwehThe eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what is good and right in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be good and right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
917DEU1229csu7figs-metaphor0cuts off the nationsYahweh destroying the people groups in Canaan is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
918DEU1229fzv1figs-metonymy0the nationsHere “nations” represents the people living in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
919DEU1229c22b0when you go in to dispossess them, and you dispossess them“when you take everything from them”
920DEU1230m6t90pay attention to yourself“be careful”
921DEU1230n455figs-metaphor0that you are not trapped into following them…trapped into investigating their gods, into askingA person learning about and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if they are caught in a hunters trap. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that you do not act like them…that you do try to learn about their gods, asking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
922DEU1230w8wjfigs-metaphor0not trapped into following themThe Israelites worshiping idols as the people groups of Canaan worship idols is spoken of as if the Israelites were following behind the other people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
923DEU1230j6jffigs-activepassive0after they are destroyed from before youThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “after Yahweh destroys them before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
924DEU1230rz9cfigs-quotesinquotes0into asking, How do these nations worship their gods? I will do the same.This is a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “into asking about how those people groups worship their gods so that you can do the same.” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
925DEU1232zxp60Do not add to it or take away from itThey are not to create more laws nor are they to ignore laws that God has given them.
926DEU13introe2ze0# Deuteronomy 13 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Worshiping other gods<br><br>The people were required to listen to Yahwehs prophets unless they were encouraging the people to worship other gods. The punishment for anyone leading the people to worship other gods was death. These instructions were to keep Israels worship of Yahweh pure. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]])<br>
927DEU131z8ea0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
928DEU131ei8s0If there arises among you“If there appears among you” or “If someone among you claims to be”
929DEU131d2pw0a dreamer of dreamsThis is someone who receives messages from God through dreams.
930DEU131ml5cfigs-doublet0a sign or a wonderThese two words have similar meanings and refer to various miracles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
931DEU132b2590comes about“takes place” or “happens”
932DEU132nj6ufigs-quotations0of which he spoke to you and said, Let us go after other gods, that you have not known, and let us worship them,This can be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “and he tells you to serve and worship other gods which you have not known,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
933DEU132nsf6figs-metaphor0Let us go after other godsWorshiping other gods is spoken of as if they were going after or following other gods. Alternate translation: “Let us follow other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
934DEU132mcy50go after other gods, that you have not knownThe phrase “gods, that you have not known” refers to the gods that other people groups worship. The Israelites know Yahweh because he has revealed himself to them and they have experienced his power.
935DEU133z2lg0do not listen to the words of that prophet, or to that dreamer of dreams“do not listen to what that prophet say nor to what the dreamer of dreams says”
936DEU133fp72figs-metonymy0with all your heart and with all your soulHere “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a persons inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
937DEU134gw9xfigs-metaphor0You will walk after Yahweh your GodObeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the people were walking after or following Yahweh. Alternate translation: “You will obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
938DEU134s4p9figs-metonymy0obey his voiceHere “voice” represents what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
939DEU134ugl8figs-metaphor0cling to himTo have a good relationship with Yahweh and to completely rely on him is spoken of as if the person were clinging to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “rely on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
940DEU135d5ixfigs-activepassive0will be put to deathThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
941DEU135h1ydfigs-abstractnouns0he has spoken rebellionThe abstract noun “rebellion” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he has tried to make you rebel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
942DEU135ttf1figs-metaphor0who redeemed you out of the house of bondageYahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves in Egypt is spoken of as if Yahweh paid money to redeem his people out of slavery. Alternate translation: “who rescued you out of the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
943DEU135z5nsfigs-metonymy0the house of bondageHere “house of bondage” represents Egypt where the people of Yahweh had been slaves. Alternate translation: “Egypt where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
944DEU135tbl6figs-metaphor0draw you out of the way in which Yahweh your God commanded you to walkHow God wants a person to live or behave is spoken of as if it were a way or road on which God wants his people to walk. A person trying to cause someone else to stop obeying God is spoken of as if the person were trying to get the other person to stop walking on Gods way or road. Alternate translation: “make you disobey what Yahweh your God commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
945DEU135nf2bfigs-nominaladj0So put away the evil from among youHere “the evil” refers to the evil person or the evil behavior. This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “So you must remove from among the people of Israel the person who does this evil thing” or “So you must kill this evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
946DEU136g89u0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
947DEU136ync7figs-idiom0wife of your bosomA bosom is a persons chest. This is a idiom that he holds close to his chest, which means he loves and cherishes her. Alternate translation: “wife you love” or “wife you dearly embrace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
948DEU136qme9figs-metonymy0friend who is to you like your own soulHere “soul” represents the persons life. This means the person cares for his friend as much as he cares for his own life. Alternate translation: “your dearest friend” or “a friend you love as much as you love yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
949DEU137rbz2figs-quotations0any of the gods of the peoples…other end of the earth.This is the end of a quotation within a quotation that begins with the words “secretly entices you and says, Let us go and worship…neither you nor your ancestors—” in verse 6. It can be translated as an indirect quotation. “secretly entices you and says that you should go and worship…neither you nor your ancestors—any of the gods of the peoples…other end of the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
950DEU137g6lt0that are round about you“that are around you”
951DEU137g5tjfigs-merism0from the one end of the earth to the other end of the earthHere the reference to the two extremes of the earth means “everywhere on earth.” Alternate translation: “throughout the entire earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
952DEU138g9gf0You must not give in to him“Do not agree to what he wants”
953DEU138rg47figs-synecdoche0you must not permit your eye to pity himHere “your eye” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “you msut not look at him with pity” or “you must not show him mercy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
954DEU138k3lz0you must not spare him or conceal him“you must not show him mercy or hide from others what he has done”
955DEU139akr4figs-synecdoche0your hand will be the first on him to put him to deathThis means that he was to throw the first stone at the guilty person. The word “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “you must be the first to strike him to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
956DEU139vu5lfigs-synecdoche0the hand of all the peopleHere “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “the other people will join you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
957DEU1310nt8afigs-metaphor0he has tried to draw you away from Yahweh“to turn you away from Yahweh.” A person trying to cause someone else to stop obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were trying to cause someone to physically turn around and leave Yahweh. Alternate translation: “he has tried to make you disobey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
958DEU1310cdm1figs-metonymy0out of the house of bondageHere “house of bondage” represents Egypt where the people of Yahweh had been slaves. Alternate translation: “out from the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
959DEU1311ns29figs-explicit0All Israel will hear and fearIt is implied that when the people hear about the person who was executed, they will be afraid to act like he did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
960DEU1312j6370General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
961DEU1313di920Some wicked fellows have gone out from among youThe phrase “from among you” means that these wicked men were Israelites who lived in their communities.
962DEU1313tq34figs-quotations0have drawn away the inhabitants of their city and said, Let us go and worship other gods that you have not known.This can be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “have persuaded those who live in their city to go and worship other gods that they have not known.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
963DEU1313wb69figs-metaphor0have drawn away the inhabitants of their cityA person causing someone else to stop obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if the person has caused the other person to physically turn and leave Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
964DEU1314mc5ufigs-doublet0examine the evidence, make search, and investigate it thoroughlyAll of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Moses is emphasizing that they must carefully find out what truly happened at the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
965DEU1314jbu3figs-activepassive0that such an abominable thing has been done among youThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the people of the city have done such a terrible thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
966DEU1315bq2mfigs-synecdoche0with the edge of the swordHere “edge” represents the whole sword. Alternate translation: “with your swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
967DEU1316nsc20all the spoil“all the plunder.” This refers to the possessions and treasures that an army collects after winning a battle.
968DEU1316cj8w0heap of ruins“pile of ruins”
969DEU1316t2u6figs-activepassive0it must never be built againThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one must ever rebuild the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
970DEU1317qe75figs-metaphor0None of those things set apart for destruction must stick in your handYahweh cursing something and promising to destroy it is spoken of as if Yahweh were setting the object apart from other things. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must not keep any of the things God has commanded you to destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
971DEU1317brm9figs-idiom0must stick in your handThis is a way of saying a person keeps something. Alternate translation: “must you keep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
972DEU1317d934figs-metaphor0Yahweh will turn from the fierceness of his angerYahweh no longer being angry is spoken of as his anger were an object and Yahweh physically turns away from it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will stop being angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
973DEU1317vyv70to your fathersHere “fathers” means ancestors or forefathers.
974DEU1318zgj9figs-metonymy0you are listening to the voice of YahwehHere “voice” represents what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “you are obeying what Yahweh says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
975DEU1318gjk4figs-metaphor0that which is right in the eyes of Yahweh your GodThe eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “that which is right in Yahwehs judgment” or “that which Yahweh your God considers to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
976DEU14introepl70# Deuteronomy 14 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Law of Moses<br>This chapter is part of the law of Moses, which is part of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Clean animals<br>There are animals which the law considered to be clean and unclean. The people were not allowed to eat the unclean animals. Scholars are uncertain about the reasons for the animals to be considered to be clean or unclean. The result of these food restrictions was a nation that was different than the nations surrounding it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])<br>
977DEU141yca20General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
978DEU141c6vr0You are the peopleAll occurrences of “you” refer to the people of Israel. Moses was included as a part of the people. Alternate translation: “We are the people”
979DEU141qkn4translate-symaction0Do not cut yourselves, nor shave any part of your face for the deadThese were ways the people groups living in Canaan showed that they were grieving over people who had died. Moses is telling the people of Israel not to act like them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
980DEU141mp180nor shave any part of your face“nor shave the front of your head”
981DEU142qr9z0you are a nation…has chosen youAll occurrences of “you” refer to the people of Israel. Moses was included as a part of the people. Alternate translation: “we are a nation…has chosen us”
982DEU142ksd50For you are a nation…surface of the earthSee how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 7:6](../07/06.md).
983DEU142l42yfigs-metaphor0you are a nation that is set apart to Yahweh your GodYahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God has set you apart from other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
984DEU142z5blfigs-parallelism0Yahweh has chosen you to be a people for his own possessionThis means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. They both mean that the people of Israel belong to Yahweh in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
985DEU142nyn70a people for his own possession“a people for his treasured possession” or “his people”
986DEU142twf50more than all peoples that are on the surface of the earth“out of all the people groups in the world”
987DEU143p2a30You must not eat any abominable thingThe people of Israel were not supposed to eat anything that God said was unfit for eating.
988DEU145pui30the deer, the gazelle, the roebuckThese are all types of deer. If your language does not have a word for each animal it can be translated as “all kinds of deer.”
989DEU145gg4e0the gazelleThis is wild animal with long thin legs that can run quickly. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 12:15](../12/15.md).
990DEU145jxa4translate-unknown0the roebucka type of deer (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
991DEU145nud70ibex, and the antelopeBoth of these are types of antelope. If your language does not have a word for each animal it can be translated as “all kinds of antelope.”
992DEU145byk8translate-unknown0ibexa type of antelope (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
993DEU146tr2g0that parts the hoof“that have split hooves.” This is a hoof that is split into two parts instead of being one whole.
994DEU146wwj10chews the cudThis means the animal brings its food up from its stomach and chews it again.
995DEU147t8p3translate-unknown0rabbitThis is a small animal with long ears that usually lives in holes in the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
996DEU147t6estranslate-unknown0rock badgerThis is a small animal that lives in rocky places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
997DEU147c17ffigs-metaphor0they are unclean to youSomething Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
998DEU148v9dkfigs-metaphor0The pig is unclean to youSomething Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
999DEU149xv7h0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1000DEU149w8p60Of these things that are in water you may eat“You may eat these kinds of animals that live in the water”
1001DEU149j2pb0finsthe thin, flat part which the fish uses to move through the water
1002DEU149r9ak0scalesthe small plates that cover the body of the fish
1003DEU1410eh5wfigs-metaphor0they are unclean to youSomething Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1004DEU1411w535figs-metaphor0All clean birdsAn animal that God says is fit for his people to eat is spoken of as if the animal were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1005DEU1412fqa4translate-unknown0eagle…vulture…ospreyThese are birds that are either awake at night or feed on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1006DEU1413d7v7translate-unknown0red kite…black kite…falconThese are birds that are either awake at night or feed on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1007DEU1414n72wtranslate-unknown0ravenA bird that either is awake at night or feeds on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1008DEU1417z53dtranslate-unknown0cormorantA bird that is either awake at night or feeds on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1009DEU1418h1j8translate-unknown0stork…heron, the hoopoeThese are types of birds that eat small animals and lizards. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1010DEU1418r1s40the batanimal with wings and furry body which is awake mainly at night and eats insects and rodents
1011DEU1419jr8q0All winged, swarming thingsThis means all flying insects that move in large groups.
1012DEU1419inc1figs-metaphor0are unclean to youAnimals that God says are unfit for his people to eat are spoken of as if the animals are physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1013DEU1419x6tifigs-activepassive0they must not be eatenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must not eat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1014DEU1420kx6ufigs-metaphor0all clean flying thingsAnimals that God says are fit for his people to eat are spoken of as if the animals are physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1015DEU1421h6ny0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1016DEU1421jv9x0anything that dies of itselfThis means an animal that dies a natural death.
1017DEU1421z8y9figs-metaphor0For you are a nation that is set apart to Yahweh your GodYahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh your God has set you apart from other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1018DEU1422exv50tithe all the yield of your seedThis means they are to give one part out of every ten equal parts from their crops.
1019DEU1422q6110year after year“every year”
1020DEU1423n5kz0before Yahweh“in the presence of Yahweh”
1021DEU1424zu5k0carry itHere “it” refers to the tithe of crops and livestock.
1022DEU1425gn1x0you will convert the offering into money“you will sell your offering for money”
1023DEU1425q4rb0tie up the money in your hand, and go“put the money in a bag and take it with you”
1024DEU1426m22p0for whatever you desire“for whatever you want”
1025DEU1426qi5i0before Yahweh“in the presence of Yahweh”
1026DEU1427kt4yfigs-doublenegatives0do not forsake himThis can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “make sure to give some of your tithe to the Levite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1027DEU1427wll4figs-explicit0for he has no portion nor inheritance with youThe tribe of Levi did not receive a portion of land as their inheritance. Their share of the inheritance was the honor of serving Yahweh as his priests. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1028DEU1427lpl1figs-metaphor0no portion nor inheritance with youGod not giving land to the Levites is spoken of as if he were not giving them an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1029DEU1428v3cbtranslate-numbers0every three years you will present all the tithe of your produceOnce every 3 years the Israelites were to store their tithes within their own towns so that it would be used to provide for the Levites, orphans, widows and foreigners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1030DEU1428nf4wfigs-synecdoche0within your gatesHere “gates” represents the entire city or town. Alternate translation: “inside your city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1031DEU1429mju1figs-metaphor0because he has no portion nor inheritance with youGod not giving any land to the Levites is spoken of as if he were not giving them an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1032DEU1429qi4c0fatherlessThese are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them.
1033DEU1429v7bc0widowThis is a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age.
1034DEU1429zfp5figs-synecdoche0in all the work of your hand that you doHere “hand” represents the whole person. This refers to the work that someone does. Alternate translation: “in all the work you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1035DEU15intron3mh0# Deuteronomy 15 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Forgiveness of Debt<br>This chapter gives instructions about the necessity to regularly forgive debt among their fellow countryman. This prevented people from being trapped by their poverty.<br><br>### Justice<br>As Yahwehs chosen nation, there must be justice in Israel. This chapter gives commands that encouraged justice by protecting the poor, servants and slaves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br>
1036DEU151s3150General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1037DEU151my7ztranslate-numbers0seven years“7 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1038DEU151ym2l0you must cancel debts“forgive every thing which people still owe you”
1039DEU152u4xx0This is the manner of the release“This is how to cancel the debts”
1040DEU152wti80creditora person who lends money to other people
1041DEU152y5djfigs-doublet0his neighbor or his brotherThe words “neighbor” and “brother” share similar meanings and emphasize the close relationship that they have with their fellow Israelites. Alternate translation: “his fellow Israelite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1042DEU152l5imfigs-activepassive0because Yahwehs cancellation of debts has been proclaimedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh has required that you cancel debts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1043DEU153xv49figs-idiom0your hand must releaseThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you must not demand it back” or “you must not require repayment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1044DEU154cxl8figs-nominaladj0no poorThe nominal adjective “poor” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “no poor people” or “no one who is poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1045DEU154t3us0the land that he givesThis refers to the land of Canaan.
1046DEU154hsd1figs-metaphor0he gives you as an inheritance to possessThe land that Yahweh is giving to his people is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Yahweh is giving them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1047DEU155x28xfigs-metonymy0if only you diligently listen to the voice of Yahweh your GodHere the metonym “voice of Yahweh” refers to what Yahweh himself says. Alternate translation: “if only you are careful to obey what Yahweh your God says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1048DEU156f39vfigs-ellipsis0you will lend…you will not borrowThe word “money” is understood. You can make the full meaning of this statement clear. Alternate translation: “you will lend money…you will not borrow money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1049DEU156p426figs-metonymy0to many nations…over many nationsHere “nations” represents the people. Alternate translation: “to the people of many nations…over the people of many nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1050DEU156p9hifigs-parallelism0you will rule over many nations, but they will not rule over youHere “rule over” means to be financially superior. This means basically the same thing as the previous part of the sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1051DEU157e7tf0If there is a poor manHere “man” means a person in general. Alternate translation: “If there is a poor person”
1052DEU157yi5v0one of your brothers“one of your fellow Israelites”
1053DEU157cw85figs-synecdoche0within any of your gatesHere “gates” represents the entire city or town. Alternate translation: “within any of your towns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1054DEU157s1y1figs-metaphor0you must not harden your heartBeing stubborn is spoken of as if the person hardened their heart. Alternate translation: “you must not be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1055DEU157y4akfigs-metaphor0nor shut your hand from your poor brotherA person who refuses to provide for a poor person is spoken of as if he were shutting his hand so that the poor person cannot get anything from him. Alternate translation: “nor refuse to help your fellow Israelite who is poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1056DEU158x1h1figs-metaphor0but you must surely open your hand to himA person who helps a poor person is spoken of as if he were opening his hand to him. Alternate translation: “but you must surely help him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1057DEU159s6u9figs-metonymy0not to have a wicked thought in your heart, sayingHere “heart” represents a persons mind. Alternate translation: “not to think a wicked thought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1058DEU159fc71figs-explicit0The seventh year, the year of release, is nearIt is implied that because the year of release will happen soon, the person thinking this will be reluctant to help a poor person since it is likely that the poor person will not have to pay him back. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1059DEU159x9aatranslate-ordinal0The seventh yearThe word “seventh” is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1060DEU159fm5t0the year of release“the year to cancel debts”
1061DEU159k5exfigs-metaphor0is nearSomething that will happen soon is spoken of as if it were physically near. Alternate translation: “will happen soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1062DEU159n5bx0so that you will not be stingy in regard to your poor brother and give him nothing“so that you are not stubborn and refuse to give anything to your fellow Israelite”
1063DEU159ia9s0cry out to Yahweh“shout to Yahweh for help”
1064DEU159qs880it would be sin for you“Yahweh will consider what you have done to be sinful”
1065DEU1510r7srfigs-synecdoche0your heart must not be sorryHere “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “you should not regret it” or “you should be happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1066DEU1510ew7nfigs-synecdoche0in all that you put your hand toHere “put your hand to” represents the whole person and work that he has done. Alternate translation: “in all that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1067DEU1511yhm6figs-doublenegatives0For the poor will never cease to exist in the landThis can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “For there will always be poor people in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1068DEU1511tq3pfigs-nominaladj0For the poorThe nominal adjective “the poor” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “For poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1069DEU1511vi74figs-quotesinquotes0I command you and say, You must surely open your hand…in your land.This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “I command you to open your hand…in your land” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1070DEU1511l4vmfigs-metaphor0open your hand to your brother, to your needy, and to your poorA person who is willing to help someone else is spoken of as if his hand were open. Alternate translation: “help your fellow Israelite, those who are needy, and those who are poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1071DEU1511v4zqfigs-doublet0your brother, to your needy, and to your poorThe words “needy” and “poor” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that these are people who cannot help themselves. Alternate translation: “help your fellow Israelites who cannot help themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1072DEU1512g1va0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1073DEU1512s6rsfigs-gendernotations0If your brotherHere “brother” means an Israelite in general, whether a male or female. Alternate translation: “If a fellow Israelite” or “If a fellow Hebrew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1074DEU1512s9n7figs-activepassive0is sold to youIf a person could not repay their debts, they sometimes sold themselves into slavery to pay what they owed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “sell themselves to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1075DEU1512xs42translate-numbers0six years“6 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1076DEU1512m72htranslate-ordinal0seventh year“year 7.” This “seventh” is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1077DEU1513f4ylfigs-metaphor0you must not let him go empty-handedA person who has no possessions to provide for himself or his family is spoken of as if his hands were empty. Alternate translation: “you must not let him leave without having anything to provide for himself and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1078DEU1514t5ik0liberally provide for him“generously give to him”
1079DEU1515hx9pfigs-you0remember that you were a slaveHere “you” includes their ancestors that were slaves for many years. Alternate translation: “remember that your people were once slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1080DEU1515r2nhfigs-metaphor0that Yahweh your God redeemed youYahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves in Egypt is spoken of as if Yahweh paid money to redeem his people from slavery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1081DEU1516dd3qfigs-quotesinquotes0if he says to you, I will not go away from you,This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “if he says to you that he will not go away from you,” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1082DEU1516g927figs-metonymy0your houseHere “house” represents the persons family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1083DEU1517dml60then you must take an awl and thrust it through his ear to a door“then you will place his head near a wooden door frame in your house, and then put the point of the awl through his earlobe into the wood”
1084DEU1517b9krtranslate-unknown0awla sharp, pointed tool used to make a hole (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1085DEU1517re8m0for life“until the end of his life” or “until he dies”
1086DEU1518in4nfigs-litotes0It must not seem difficult for you to let him go free from youThis means that they are not resent it when they let someone go free. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Be pleased when you let him go free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1087DEU1518s7d60given twice the value of a hired personThis means the owner only had to pay have the amount for this slave to work than he would for a person he hired to do a job.
1088DEU1518xdz60a hired personThis is a person who works for pay.
1089DEU1519fl680General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1090DEU1519f3xu0shearto cut off wool or hair
1091DEU1520c1pf0before Yahweh“in the presence of Yahweh”
1092DEU1520w1lv0year by year“each year” or “every year”
1093DEU1521t6e50lamecrippled or physically disabled
1094DEU1522qx8ifigs-synecdoche0within your gatesHere “gates” represents the city or town. Alternate translation: “within your community” or “inside your city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1095DEU1522rqw8figs-metaphor0the unclean…personsA person who is not acceptable for Gods purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1096DEU1522b1cnfigs-metaphor0the clean personsA person who is acceptable for Gods purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1097DEU1522lxt50a gazelle or a deerThese are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 12:15](../12/15.md).
1098DEU1523bw7p0you must not eat its blood“you must not consume its blood.” Yahweh did not allow Israelites to consume blood because the blood represented life ([Deuteronomy 12:23](../12/23.md)).
1099DEU16introfgs70# Deuteronomy 16 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Festivals<br><br>This chapter retells the specific commands about how to celebrate the Passover. This recalled the Passover in Egypt, which was an important event in the formation of the nation of Israel. There are several other important festivals described in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])<br><br>### Life in Israel<br><br>As Yahwehs chosen nation, there must be justice in Israel. Also, Yahweh must be the only God in Israel. He alone is to be worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br>
1100DEU161v2as0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1101DEU161q8mqtranslate-hebrewmonths0month of AvivThis is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It marks when God brought the people of Israel out of Egypt. It is during the last part of March and the first part April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1102DEU161l33gfigs-explicit0keep the PassoverIt is implied by “keep the Passover” that they would celebrate and eat the Passover meal. Alternate translation: “celebrate the Passover meal” or “eat the Passover meal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1103DEU162f3xcfigs-metonymy0You will sacrifice the PassoverHere “Passover” represents the animal that is sacrificed for the Passover celebration. Alternate translation: For the Passover you will offer a sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1104DEU163fgj80with itHere “it” refers to the animal they will sacrifice and eat.
1105DEU163du99translate-numbers0seven days“7 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1106DEU163m6rjfigs-explicit0the bread of afflictionThis was the name of the unleavened bread. The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “this bread will remind you of how much you suffered while in Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1107DEU163df5ufigs-explicit0out of the land of Egypt in hasteThe people had to leave Egypt so quickly that they did not have enough time to make bread with yeast in it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “out of the land of Egypt in such hurry you did not have time to make bread with yeast in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1108DEU163zi9r0Do this all the days of your life“Do this as long as you live”
1109DEU163k8n3figs-idiom0call to mindThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1110DEU164jvu8figs-activepassive0No yeast must be seen among youThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must not have any yeast among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1111DEU164t1u80within all your borders“inside all your territory” or “in all your land”
1112DEU164uc3utranslate-ordinal0first dayThis “first” is the ordinal number for one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1113DEU165s93mfigs-metonymy0You may not sacrifice the PassoverHere “Passover” represents the animal that will be sacrificed. Alternate translation: “For the Passover you may not sacrifice the animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1114DEU165x2avfigs-synecdoche0within any of your city gatesHere “gates” represents the cities or towns. Alternate translation: “within any of your towns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1115DEU166u7ep0at the going down of the sun“at sunset”
1116DEU167f6n30You must roast it“You must cook it”
1117DEU168pjy1translate-numbers0six days“6 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1118DEU168sj92translate-ordinal0seventh day“seventh” is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1119DEU168xq7m0solemn assembly“special gathering”
1120DEU169mq430General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1121DEU169y8w1translate-numbers0count seven weeks“count 7 weeks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1122DEU169bxy9figs-idiom0from the time you begin to put the sickle to the standing grainThe phrase “put the sickle to the standing grain” is a way of referring to the beginning of harvest time. Alternate translation: “from the time that you begin harvesting the grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1123DEU169w3cltranslate-unknown0sicklea tool with a curved blade used for cutting grass, grain, and vines (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1124DEU1610pjc9figs-synecdoche0with the contribution of a freewill offering from your hand that you will giveHere “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “and you will give your free will offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1125DEU1610n1v10according as Yahweh your God has blessed you“according to the harvest which Yahweh your God has given you” This means that the people will base how much they offer on how much they harvested that year.
1126DEU1611vju9figs-genericnoun0your son, your daughter, your male servant, your female servant, the LeviteThese do not refer to a specific person. It means these types of people in general. Alternate translation: “your sons, your daughters, your male servants, your females servants, any Levite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1127DEU1611h2jmfigs-synecdoche0within your city gatesHere “gates” represents cities or towns. Alternate translation: “within your towns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1128DEU1611g2r8figs-genericnoun0the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widowThis refers to these types of people in general. Alternate translation: “all foreigners, orphans, and widows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1129DEU1611kg4w0fatherlessThese are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them.
1130DEU1611i5b30widowThis means a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age.
1131DEU1612ku33figs-idiom0call to mindThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1132DEU1613fy5u0Festival of SheltersOther names for this festival are “Feast of Tabernacles,” “Festival of Booths,” and “Feast of the Ingathering.” During harvest time, farmers would set up temporary shelters in the field. This festival took place after the last harvest of the year.
1133DEU1613s5xwtranslate-numbers0seven days“7 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1134DEU1614uv5ffigs-synecdoche0within your gatesHere the word “gates” represents cities or towns. Alternate translation: “within your towns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1135DEU1615ec920the festival“the Festival of Shelters”
1136DEU1615c3hyfigs-synecdoche0all the work of your handsHere “hands” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “all the work you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1137DEU1616g2xh0all your males must appear before YahwehFemales were allowed, but Yahweh did not require that they come. The men could represent their whole families.
1138DEU1616cxc20must appear before Yahweh“must come and stand in the presence of Yahweh”
1139DEU1616pku8figs-litotes0No one will appear before Yahweh empty-handed“They will not come before Yahweh without an offering” These two negative phrases together have a positive meaning. Alternate translation: “Every person who comes before Yahweh must bring an offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1140DEU1618g2as0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1141DEU1618dc3d0You must make judges“You must appoint judges” or “You must choose judges”
1142DEU1618vxu2figs-synecdoche0within all your city gatesHere “gates” represents a city or town. Alternate translation: “within all your towns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1143DEU1618we4mfigs-activepassive0they will be takenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will choose them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1144DEU1618reh90judge the people with righteous judgment“judge the people fairly”
1145DEU1619c8iqfigs-metaphor0You must not take justice away by forceMoses speaks of justice as if it were a physical object that a strong person can violently pull away from a weak person. This can be stated in positive form. Your language might have one word that means “use force to take away.” Alternate translation: “You must not be unfair when you judge” or “You must make just decisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1146DEU1619lqn9figs-you0You must notHere “You” refers to those who will be appointed as judges and officers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1147DEU1619f47gfigs-metaphor0for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and perverts the words of the righteousTaking a bribe is spoken of as if the bribe were corrupting the people. Alternate translation: “for even a wise man who accepts a bribe will become blind, and even a righteous man who accepts a bribe will tell lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1148DEU1619mk49figs-metaphor0a bribe blinds the eyes of the wiseA wise person who accepts a bribe so that he does not speak against something evil is spoken of as if he becomes blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1149DEU1619pu4gfigs-nominaladj0the wiseThe nominal adjective “the wise” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “a wise person” or “wise people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1150DEU1619m8gcfigs-nominaladj0perverts the words of the righteousThe nominal adjective “righteous” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “causes a righteous person to lie” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1151DEU1620xm5vfigs-metaphor0follow after justice, after justice alonejustice is spoken of as a person who is walking. A person who is doing what is fair and just is spoken of as if he was following close behindjustice. Alternate translation: “do only what is fair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1152DEU1620b78efigs-metaphor0inherit the land that Yahweh your God is giving youReceiving the land that God is giving to the people is spoken of as if the people are inheriting the land from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1153DEU1621ec3tfigs-you0You must notHere “You” refers to all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1154DEU1622mw2wfigs-distinguish0any sacred stone pillar, which Yahweh your God hatesThe phrase “which Yahweh your God hates” is giving more information about the sacred stone pillar. Alternate translation: “any sacred stone pillar because Yahweh your God hates them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
1155DEU1622s7sn0sacred stone pillarThis refers to pillars that are idols used to worship false gods.
1156DEU17introa3z40# Deuteronomy 17 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Witnesses<br>In the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>### King<br>Israel was not to have a king because Yahweh was their king. Knowing the sinfulness of the people, Yahweh anticipated that one day Israel would have a king. Therefore, this passage gives commands about their king prophetically. They were not allowed to collect chariots because they were a sign of earthly power and the king was to trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
1157DEU171a78k0General Information:Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
1158DEU171d6zp0in which is any blemish“that has a blemish” or “that has something wrong with it.” The animal is to appear healthy without any deformity.
1159DEU171y2920that would be an abomination to Yahweh“that would be disgusting to Yahweh”
1160DEU172ljz8figs-activepassive0If there is foundThis may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you find someone” or “If there is anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1161DEU172liy9figs-synecdoche0within any of your city gatesHere “city gates” represents cities or towns. Alternate translation: “living in one of your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1162DEU172f7d1figs-metonymy0what is evil in the sight of Yahweh your GodThe sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “something that Yahweh your God thinks is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1163DEU172yhj20transgresses his covenant“disobeys his covenant”
1164DEU174pz4efigs-activepassive0if you are told about thisThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if someone tells you about this disobedient act” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1165DEU174fqc1figs-abstractnouns0you must make a careful investigationThe abstract noun “investigation” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “you must carefully investigate what happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1166DEU174b585figs-activepassive0such an abomination has been done in IsraelThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone has done such a horrible thing in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1167DEU176rul7figs-metonymy0At the mouth of two witnesses, or three witnesses, will he who must die be put to deathHere “the mouth” represents the testimony of a witness. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “If two or three witnesses speak against the person, then you must execute him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1168DEU176d4v8figs-metonymy0but at the mouth of only one witness he must not be put to deathHere “the mouth” represents the testimony of a witness. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “but if only one person speaks against him, then you must not execute him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1169DEU177zj7lfigs-synecdoche0The hand of the witnesses must be the first to put him to death, and afterward the hand of all the peopleHere “hand” represents the entire group of witnesses. Alternate translation: “The witnesses themselves must be the first ones to throw stones. Then all the people will execute the person by throwing stones at him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1170DEU177c151figs-nominaladj0you will remove the evil from among youThe nominal adjective “the evil” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites this person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1171DEU178q5bw0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1172DEU178j7yz0If a matter arises“If there is a matter” or “If there is a situation”
1173DEU178ahf50one persons right and another persons rightA “right” is a persons legal authority to do something or to possess something.
1174DEU179i57nfigs-abstractnouns0you will seek their adviceThe abstract noun “advice” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “you will ask them to advise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1175DEU179xe5ffigs-abstractnouns0they will give you the verdictThe abstract noun “verdict” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “they will decide on the matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1176DEU1711n3uqfigs-metaphor0Follow the law they teach youA person obeying what the priests and judge decide is spoken of as if the person were physically following behind the law. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must obey what the judge and priests decide about the matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1177DEU1711a1r9figs-metaphor0Do not turn aside from what they tell you, to the right hand or to the leftA person not doing exactly what the judge and priests say is spoken of as if he were turning off the correct path. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Do not disobey anything they tell you” or “Do everything they say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1178DEU1712l4fz0in not listening to the priest…or in not listening to the judge“and does not obey the priest…or does not obey the judge”
1179DEU1712u7c6figs-nominaladj0you will put away the evil from IsraelThe nominal adjective “the evil” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1180DEU1713xm49figs-explicit0All the people must hear and fear, and act arrogantly no moreIt is implied that when the people hear about the person who was executed for acting arrogantly, they will be afraid and not act arrogantly themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1181DEU1714t6n80General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1182DEU1714wkl6figs-go0When you have come to the landThe word “come to” can be translated as “gone to” or “entered.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
1183DEU1714x3gqfigs-quotesinquotes0then you say, I will set a king over myself, like all the nations that are round about me,This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “then you decide that you want a king just like the peoples of the nations that surround you have kings,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1184DEU1714n7lyfigs-pronouns0I will set a king over myself…round about meMoses has the people speaking as if they were one person. It may be more natural to translate this with plural pronouns. Alternate translation: “We will set over ourselves…round about us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1185DEU1714gm2mfigs-metaphor0set a king over myselfGiving someone the authority to rule as king in Israel is spoken of as if the people were setting the person in a place above them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1186DEU1714c8nt0all the nations that are round about me“all the surrounding nations”
1187DEU1714ie3yfigs-metonymy0all the nationsHere “nations” represent the people who live in the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1188DEU1715x8fl0someone from among your brothers“one of your fellow Israelites”
1189DEU1715q7pxfigs-doublet0a foreigner, who is not your brother, over yourselfBoth of these phrases mean the same thing. They both refer to a person who is not an Israelite. Yahweh is emphasizing that the people of Israel should not let a foreigner rule over them. Alternate translation: “a foreigner over yourself” or “a non-Israelite over yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1190DEU1716pr1wfigs-quotesinquotes0for Yahweh had said to you, You will never return that way again.This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh had said that you must never return to Egypt again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1191DEU1717zj8gfigs-synecdoche0so that his heart does not turn awayHere “heart” refers to the whole person. An Israelite king who marries foreign wives and starts to worship their false gods is spoken of as if his heart were to turn away from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “so that they do not cause him to stop honoring Yahweh and start worshiping false gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1192DEU1718tt3zfigs-metonymy0When he sits on the throne of his kingdomHere “throne” represents the persons power and authority as king. To sit on the throne means to become king. Alternate translation: “When he becomes king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1193DEU1718h6x60he must write for himself in a scroll a copy of this lawPossible meanings are 1) “he must personally write in a scroll a copy of this law for himself” or 2) “he must appoint someone to write in a scroll a copy of this law for him”
1194DEU1718xh2p0from the law that is before the priests, who are Levites“from the copy of the law that the Levitical priests keep”
1195DEU1719f877figs-parallelism0so as to keep all the words of this law and these statutes, to observe themThese two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the king must obey all of Gods law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1196DEU1720b7e5figs-synecdoche0so that his heart is not lifted up above his brothersHere “his heart” refers to the whole person. A king becoming arrogant is spoken of as if his heart were lifted up. Alternate translation: “so that he does not become arrogant” or “so that he does not think he is better than his fellow Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1197DEU1720idm3figs-metaphor0so that he does not turn away from the commandments, to the right hand or to the leftA king disobeying Gods commands is spoken of as if a person were to turn off the correct path. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “so that he does not disobey any of the commandments” or “so that he obeys all of the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1198DEU1720sa87figs-metaphor0prolong his daysLong days is a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated a similar phrase “prolong your days” in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1199DEU18introu6pf0# Deuteronomy 18 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Levites<br>As Yahwehs chosen priests, the priest were to trust in Yahweh to provide for them. He provided for them through the rest of the Israelites. Yahweh was their inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])<br><br>### Messiah<br>This chapter is one of the first prophecies about the promised, coming Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br>
1200DEU181ztw10General Information:Moses continues telling the people what Yahweh wants them to do.
1201DEU181u386figs-metaphor0will have no portion nor inheritance with IsraelThe Levites not receiving any land from Yahweh is spoken of as if they would not receive an inheritance. Alternate translation: “will not possess any of the peoples land” or “will not receive any of the land that the Israelites will possess” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1202DEU181z6rx0no portion“no part” or “no share”
1203DEU182h6ef0among their brothers“among the other tribes of Israel” or “among the other Israelites”
1204DEU182pd8kfigs-metaphor0Yahweh is their inheritanceMoses speaks of the great honor that Aaron and his descendants will have by serving Yahweh as priests as if Yahweh were something that they will inherit. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 10:9](../10/09.md). Alternate translation: “instead, they will have Yahweh” or “instead, Yahweh will allow them to serve him and he will provide for them through that service” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1205DEU183bn850the inner partsThis is the stomach and intestines.
1206DEU184g5u80you must give him“you must give to the priest”
1207DEU185py8rfigs-metonymy0has chosen himHere “him” represents all the Levites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1208DEU185g5j5figs-metonymy0to stand to serve in the name of YahwehHere “the name of Yahweh” stands for Yahweh himself and his authority. Alternate translation: “to be his special servants” or “to serve as a representative of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1209DEU185ep9kfigs-synecdoche0him and his sons foreverHere “him” represents all the Levites. Alternate translation: “the Levites and their descendants forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1210DEU186we5sfigs-idiom0desires with all his soulThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “strongly desires” or “really wants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1211DEU187p9jvfigs-metonymy0then he must serve in the name of Yahweh his GodHere “name” represents Yahweh and his authority. Alternate translation: “then he must serve Yahweh his God as a priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1212DEU187a94d0who stand there before Yahweh“who serve in the sanctuary in the presence of Yahweh”
1213DEU188c8rp0his familys inheritanceThis is what the priest would inherit from his father.
1214DEU189gvb6figs-go0When you have comeHere “come” can be translated as “gone” or “entered.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
1215DEU189b17wfigs-metonymy0you must not learn to observe the abominations of those nationsGod hates the religious activities of the people in the surrounding nations. He considers them to be terribly evil. Here “nations” represents the people. Alternate translation: “you must not do the terrible things that the people of the other nations do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1216DEU1810ey79figs-activepassive0There must not be found among you anyoneThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “There must not be anyone among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1217DEU1810hta70anyone who uses divination…tells fortunes…reads signs found in a cup…engages in witchcraftThese are different ways of practicing magic. God has forbidden every kind of magic. If you do not have a word for all of these activities, it can be stated more generally. Alternate translation: “anyone who uses magic to try to find out what will happen in the future, to cast spells”
1218DEU1810ugk50reads signs found in a cupOne who reads the shapes and figures in a cup and who predicts future events from what they can see
1219DEU1811g9dh0any charmer…anyone who conjurs up spirits…one who casts spells…who talks with spirits of the deadThese are phrases for people who practice different kinds of magic. God has forbidden every kind of magic. If you do not have a word for all of these types of people, you can translate more generally. Alternate translation: “anyone who uses magic to cast spells, or to talk to the spirits of dead people”
1220DEU1812ufu70driving them outHere “them” refers to the people already living in Canaan.
1221DEU1814aj59figs-metonymy0For these nationsHere “nations” stands for the people groups that live in Canaan. Alternate translation: “For these people groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1222DEU1814q8g10these nations that you will dispossess“these nations whose land you will take”
1223DEU1815y6370General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1224DEU1815pp4pfigs-metaphor0Yahweh your God will raise up for you a prophetYahweh appointing a person to be a prophet is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift the person up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1225DEU1815m2rv0one of your brothers“one of your fellow Israelites”
1226DEU1816v3y70This is what you askedHere “you” refers to the Israelites at Mount Horeb about 40 years earlier.
1227DEU1816iz2m0at Horeb on the day of the assembly“on the day you gathered together at Horeb”
1228DEU1816pp7bfigs-quotesinquotes0on the day of the assembly, saying, Let us not hear again the voice of Yahweh our God, nor see this great fire anymore, or we will die.This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “on the day of the assembly when you said that you did not want to hear the voice of Yahweh our God, nor see his great fire anymore, because you were afraid that you would die.” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1229DEU1816l7c6figs-synecdoche0Let us not hear again the voice of Yahweh our GodHere Yahweh is represented by his “voice” to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “Let us not hear Yahweh our God speak again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1230DEU1818t95sfigs-metaphor0I will raise up a prophet for themYahweh appointing a person to be a prophet is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift the person up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1231DEU1818d8wb0from among their brothers“from among their fellow Israelites”
1232DEU1818p717figs-metaphor0I will put my words in his mouthYahweh telling the prophet what to say is spoken of as if Yahweh would put words in the prophets mouth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1233DEU1818xl1v0speak to them“speak to the people of Israel”
1234DEU1819pt28figs-metonymy0does not listen to the words of mine that he speaks in my nameHere “my name” represents Yahweh and his authority. Alternate translation: “does not listen to him when he speaks my message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1235DEU1819n8mr0require it of him“I will hold him responsible” or “I will punish him.” Here “him” refers to the person who does not listen to the prophet.
1236DEU1820y6dm0General Information:Yahweh continues speaking.
1237DEU1820pl2e0who speaks a word arrogantly“who dares to speak a message” or “who is arrogant enough to speak a message”
1238DEU1820ip16figs-metonymy0in my nameHere “my name” refers to Yahweh himself and his authority. Alternate translation: “for me” or “with my authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1239DEU1820x88t0a word“a message”
1240DEU1820f7vufigs-metonymy0who speaks in the name of other godsHere “name” represents the gods themselves or their authority. This means the prophet claims that false gods told him to speak a certain message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1241DEU1821ryk5figs-metonymy0This is what you must say in your heartHere “heart” represents the thoughts of a person. Alternate translation: “You ask yourself” or “You must say to yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1242DEU1821gbx10How will we recognize a message that Yahweh has not spoken?“How will we know if the message that the prophet speaks is from Yahweh?” Here “we” refers to the people of Israel.
1243DEU1822law30General Information:Yahweh continues speaking.
1244DEU1822kzp4figs-metonymy0a prophet speaks in the name of YahwehHere “name of Yahweh” refers to Yahweh himself and his authority. Alternate translation: “a prophet claims to speak for me” or “a prophet claims to speak with my authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1245DEU1822ys2k0the prophet has spoken it arrogantly“the prophet has spoken this message without my authority”
1246DEU19intror53s0# Deuteronomy 19 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Justice<br>Another way justice would be maintained in Israel was by avoiding revenge killings. This chapter describes the establishment of special cities to protect those fleeing from revenge killings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])<br><br>### Witnesses<br>In the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Law of retaliation<br>The chapter describes a famous law, often called the “law of retaliation.” It is said, an “eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.” This does not mean a person who causes another person to lose their eye must have their own eye removed as punishment. This law is not about making all things equal. Instead, it is about limiting the punishment or the ability of a person to retaliate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
1247DEU191rka30General Information:Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
1248DEU191av28figs-metaphor0When Yahweh your God cuts off the nationsYahweh destroying the people who live in Canaan is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1249DEU191jh1zfigs-metonymy0the nationsThis represents the people groups that live in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1250DEU191y55w0those whose land Yahweh your God is giving you“those nations who were living in the land that Yahweh your God is giving you”
1251DEU191kl510come after them“take the land from those nations” or “possess the land after those nations are gone”
1252DEU192l8jetranslate-numbers0select three cities“choose 3 cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1253DEU193ty5vfigs-explicit0You must build a roadThey were to build roads so that it would be easy for people to travel to these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1254DEU193g91qfigs-explicit0divide the borders of your land into three partsIt is implied that one of the cities they choose must be in each part of the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1255DEU193psa1figs-metaphor0the land that Yahweh your God is causing you to inheritYahweh giving the land to the people of Israel is spoken of as if the people are inheriting the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1256DEU194inz60This is the instruction“These are the instructions” or “These are the directions”
1257DEU194v7rcfigs-ellipsis0concerning the one who kills anotherThe word “person” is understood. Alternate translation: “for a person who kills another person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1258DEU194cez80and flees from there“and who escapes to one of these cities” or “who runs to one of these cities”
1259DEU194k7eb0the one who unintentionally kills his neighborHere “neighbor” means any person in general. Alternate translation: “any person who kills another person by accident”
1260DEU194uvu6figs-explicit0without hating him at the time of the accident“but did not hate his neighbor before he killed him.” This implies there was no cause for him to kill his neighbor purposely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1261DEU195qb1kfigs-hypo0For example, if a man goes into the forest…to cut woodThe author gives a hypothetical situation where a person accidentally kills another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1262DEU195i3cb0the ax head slips off of the handleThe iron part of the ax comes off the wooden handle.
1263DEU195wkv10strikes his neighbor and kills himThis means the head of the ax hits and kills the neighbor.
1264DEU195l3mrfigs-explicit0to one of these cities and save his lifeIt is implied that the family of the dead man may try to get revenge. The man who killed him can flee to one of these cities, and the people there would protect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1265DEU196y7gu0General Information:Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
1266DEU196qq6pfigs-metonymy0the avenger of bloodHere “blood” represents the person who was killed. An “avenger of blood” is a close relative of the person who was killed. This relative is responsible for punishing the murderer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1267DEU196xgi5figs-idiom0the one who took a lifeThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the one who killed the other person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1268DEU196xc46figs-metaphor0in the heat of his angerSomeone being very angry is spoken of as if anger were something that could become hot. Alternate translation: “and being very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1269DEU196ugg90strike him and kill him“And the blood avenger strikes and kills the one who had killed the other person”
1270DEU196z4dg0though that man did not deserve to die, since he had not hated his neighbor in the past“though that man did not deserve to die since he accidentally killed the other person and was not his enemy, and he had not planned to hurt the man”
1271DEU198bj180General Information:Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
1272DEU198ge7t0enlarges your borders“gives you more land to possess”
1273DEU198d84s0as he has sworn to your ancestors to do“like he promised your ancestors that he would do”
1274DEU199a3eh0if you keep all these commandments to do them“if you obey all these commandments”
1275DEU199jg6efigs-metaphor0to always walk in his waysHow God wants a person to live or behave is spoken of as if it were Yahwehs way or road. A person who obeys Yahweh is spoken of as if he were walking on Yahwehs way or road. Alternate translation: “to always obey him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1276DEU199yw53translate-numbers0then you must add three more cities for yourselfThe full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “then you must choose three more cities for a person to escape to if he accidentally kills someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1277DEU199v9kytranslate-numbers0besides these three“in addition to the three cities you already established” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1278DEU1910pz9nfigs-activepassive0Do this so that innocent blood is not shedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do this so that family members do not kill an innocent person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1279DEU1910nw4xfigs-metonymy0innocent blood is not shedHere “blood” represents a persons life. To shed blood means to kill a person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one kills an innocent person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1280DEU1910g3td0in the midst of the land“in the land” or “in the territory”
1281DEU1910xf54figs-metaphor0Yahweh your God is giving you for as an inheritanceThe land that Yahweh is giving the people of Israel is spoken of as if it were an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1282DEU1910jrj7figs-metaphor0so that no bloodguilt may be on youThe people of Israel being guilty for a person dying because they did not build a city where he would be safe from the “blood avenger” is spoken of as if the guilt of his death is on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1283DEU1910swl5figs-metonymy0bloodguiltHere “blood” represents a life and “bloodguilt” refers to the guilt someone has for killing an innocent person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1284DEU1910p59g0may be on youThis means that if a family member kills an innocent person, then all the people of Israel will be guilty for letting that happen.
1285DEU1911vzh10his neighborHere “neighbor” means any person in general.
1286DEU1911c5nefigs-explicit0lies in wait for himThe full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “hides and waits in order to kill him” or “plans to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1287DEU1911k2etfigs-idiom0rises up against himThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “attacks him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1288DEU1911fl1g0mortally wounds him so that he dies“hurts him so that he dies” or “and kills him”
1289DEU1912y76n0must send and bring him back from there“must send someone to get him and bring him back from the city that he escaped to”
1290DEU1912w6c5figs-idiom0turn him overThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “give him over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1291DEU1912wm9pfigs-metonymy0into the hand of the responsible relativeHere “the hand” represents the authority of someone. Alternate translation: “to the authority of the responsible relative” or “to the responsible relative” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1292DEU1912mu7q0the responsible relativeThis is the relative of the person who was killed. This relative is responsible for punishing the murderer.
1293DEU1912k5250he may die“the murderer may die” or “the responsible relative may execute the murderer”
1294DEU1913nzj3figs-synecdoche0Your eye must not pity himHere “your eye” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “Do not show him mercy” or “Do not feel sorry for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1295DEU1913bf7gfigs-metonymy0you must eradicate the bloodguilt from IsraelHere “bloodguilt” represents the guilt for murdering an innocent person. Alternate translation: “you must execute the murderer so that the people of Israel will not be guilty for the death of an innocent person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1296DEU1913m9xlfigs-metonymy0from IsraelHere “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1297DEU1914ri320General Information:Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
1298DEU1914il44figs-explicit0You must not remove your neighbors landmarkThe full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “You must not take land away from your neighbor by moving the markers on the borders of his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1299DEU1914z3yt0they set in place“that your ancestors placed”
1300DEU1914aq1b0a long time agoMoses means that when the people have lived in the land for a long time, they should not move the borders that their ancestors made when they first took the land.
1301DEU1914xa6ifigs-metaphor0in your inheritance that you will inherit, in the land that Yahweh your God is giving you to possessYahweh giving the land to the people of Israel is spoken of as if they were inheriting the land. Alternate translation: “in the land that Yahweh your God is giving to you to possess” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1302DEU1915d18z0General Information:Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
1303DEU1915qy580One sole witness“A single witness” or “Only one witness”
1304DEU1915j3frfigs-idiom0must not rise up against a manHere “rise up” means to stand up in court and speak against someone to a judge. Alternate translation: “must not speak to the judges about something bad that a man did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1305DEU1915am590in any matter that he sins“anytime that a man does something bad”
1306DEU1915hv5mfigs-metonymy0at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnessesHere “mouth” represents what the witnesses say. It is implied that there must be at least two or three witnesses. Alternate translation: “at the testimony of at least two or three people” or “based on what at least two or three people say happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1307DEU1915b9c6figs-activepassive0must any matter be confirmedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will you confirm that the man is guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1308DEU1916nhi50Suppose that“When” or “If”
1309DEU1916ece20an unrighteous witness“a witness who intends to harm someone else”
1310DEU1916zqg3figs-idiom0rises up against any man to testify against him of wrongdoingHere “rise up” means to stand up in court and speak against someone to a judge. Alternate translation: “tells the judge that a man sinned in order to get the man in trouble” or “tells the judge that a man sinned, so the judge will punish him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1311DEU1917e77t0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
1312DEU1917l9ti0the ones between whom the controversy exists“the ones who disagree with one another”
1313DEU1917xh66figs-explicit0must stand before Yahweh, before the priests and the judgesThis means the two persons must go to the sanctuary where Yahwehs presence dwells. At the sanctuary are priests and judges who have the authority to make legal decisions for Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1314DEU1917d8nffigs-idiom0stand before Yahweh, before the priests and the judgesThe phrase “stand before” is an idiom. It means to go to someone with authority and let him make a legal decision about a matter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1315DEU1918cr9r0The judges must make diligent inquiries“The judges must work very hard to determine what happened”
1316DEU1919b5ya0then must you do to him, as he had wished to do to his brother“then you must punish the false witness in the same way as he wanted you to punish the other man”
1317DEU1919p5aafigs-nominaladj0you will remove the evil from among youThe nominal adjective “the evil” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “you will remove the evil practice from among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1318DEU1920a23d0Then those who remain“When you punish the false witness, the rest of the people”
1319DEU1920n7hcfigs-explicit0will hear and fearThe full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “will hear about the punishment and be afraid of getting punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1320DEU1920wqw90commit no longer any such evil“never again do something evil like that”
1321DEU1921z5fmfigs-synecdoche0Your eyes must not pityHere “eyes” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “You must not pity him” or “You must not show him mercy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1322DEU1921nz4xfigs-ellipsis0life will pay for life…foot for footHere the phrases are shortened because the meaning is understood. It means the people must punish a person in the same way that he harmed another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1323DEU20introqq8m0# Deuteronomy 20 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahwehs protection<br>Israel was not to worry about the power and strength of other nations. Instead, they were to trust in the power of Yahweh. He is the source of their military strength and protection. This is why a priest leads them into battle, rather than a military commander. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])<br><br>### Holy war<br>Israels conquering of the Promised Land was unique in history. It was a type of holy war and had special rules. This war was really Yahwehs punishment against the sin of the Canaanite people. If the people were not completely destroyed, they would cause Israel to sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “What man is there”<br>This phrase is used several times to introduce a rhetorical question. The questions are intended to tell the readers that Yahweh only wants soldiers who are completely dedicated to fighting for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Excused from fighting<br>In ancient Israel, men were excused from fighting in battle for several different reasons. Some of these reasons are mentioned in this chapter. Apparently, needing to establish a new house, the need to harvest a field and cowardice were possible excuses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
1324DEU201x89z0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1325DEU201ei7a0When you march out to battle against your enemies“When you go out to fight in a war against your enemies”
1326DEU201r5j1figs-explicit0see horses, chariotsPeople considered an army with many horses and chariots to be very strong. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1327DEU201ta4q0he who brought you up out of the land of EgyptYahweh brought the people from Egypt to Canaan. It was common to use the word “up” to refer to traveling from Egypt to Canaan. Alternate translation: “Yahweh who led you out from the land of Egypt”
1328DEU202a8vr0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1329DEU202qi760speak to the people“speak to the soldiers of Israel”
1330DEU203fy5ifigs-parallelism0Do not let your hearts faint. Do not fear or tremble. Do not be afraid of themThese four expressions all mean the same thing and strongly emphasize that they are not to be afraid. If your language does not have four ways to express this concept, you may use less than four. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1331DEU203e17dfigs-metonymy0Do not let your hearts faintHere “hearts” represents peoples courage. For a heart to faint is an idiom that means “Do not be afraid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1332DEU204mdt8figs-metaphor0Yahweh your God is the one who is going with you to fight for you against your enemiesYahweh defeating the enemies of the people of Israel is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who would fight along with the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1333DEU204fvb10to save you“to give you victory”
1334DEU205dxx20General Information:Moses says what the army officers must say to the people of Israel before a battle.
1335DEU205i6ssfigs-explicit0The officers must speakOne of the officers jobs was to decide who could leave the army. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1336DEU205x2xn0What man is there…Let him go and return to his house“If any soldier here has built a new house and has not dedicated it, he should go back to his house”
1337DEU205ti4cfigs-hypo0so that he does not die in battle and another man dedicates itThe officer is describing a situation that could possibly happen to a soldier. Alternate translation: “so that, if he dies in battle, another man will not dedicate his house instead of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1338DEU206yru70General Information:Moses continues describing situations that allow a man to leave the military.
1339DEU206vr9v0Is there anyone who has planted…Let him go home“If any soldier here has a new vineyard, but has not yet harvested its grapes, he should go back to his house”
1340DEU206tal6figs-hypo0so he will not die in battle and another man enjoy its fruitThe officer is describing a situation that could possibly happen to a soldier. Alternate translation: “so that, if he dies in battle, another man will not harvest its fruit instead of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1341DEU207n1rz0What man is there who is engaged to marry a woman…Let him go home“If any soldier here has promised to marry a woman, but has not yet married her, he should go back to his house”
1342DEU207c3bqfigs-hypo0so that he does not die in battle and another man marries herThe officer is describing a situation that could possibly happen to a soldier. Alternate translation: “so that, if he dies in battle, another man does not marry her instead of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1343DEU208q7ui0General Information:Moses continues describing situations that allow a man to leave the military.
1344DEU208bjh60What man is there who is fearful or fainthearted? Let him go and return to his house“If any soldier here is afraid and not brave, he should go back to his house”
1345DEU208xs8nfigs-doublet0fearful or faintheartedBoth of these words mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “afraid to fight in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1346DEU208vra8figs-idiom0his brothers heart does not melt like his own heartThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “another Israelite does not become afraid like he is afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1347DEU208j8t4figs-metonymy0brothers heart…his own heartHere “heart” represents a persons courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1348DEU209bl8n0they must appoint commanders over them“the officers must appoint people to be commanders and to lead the people of Israel”
1349DEU2010tgm20General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1350DEU2010gc68figs-metonymy0When you march up to attack a cityHere “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “When you go to attack the people of a city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1351DEU2010bde30make those people an offer of peace“give the people in the city a chance to surrender”
1352DEU2011yd6lfigs-metonymy0open their gates to youHere “gates” refers to the city gates. The phrase “open their gates to you” represents the people surrendering and allowing the Israelites to enter their city. Alternate translation: “let you enter their city peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1353DEU2011lru9figs-activepassive0all the people who are found in itThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all the people in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1354DEU2011pf8b0must become forced labor for you“must become your slaves”
1355DEU2012c8y1figs-metonymy0But if it makes no offer of peaceHere “it” refers to the city which represents the people. Alternate translation: “But if the people of the city do not surrender” or “But if the people of the city do not accept your offer of peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1356DEU2014hl2w0the little ones“the children”
1357DEU2014h4ld0all its spoil“all the valuable things”
1358DEU2014yev90bootyThese are the valuable things which people who win a battle take from the people they attacked.
1359DEU2015yvw9figs-metonymy0all the citiesHere “cities” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people who live in cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1360DEU2016n8lj0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1361DEU2016wi9afigs-metaphor0In the cities of these peoples that Yahweh your God is giving you as an inheritanceThe cities in Canaan that Yahweh is giving to the people is spoken of as if the cities were the peoples inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1362DEU2016ql5jfigs-litotes0you must save alive nothing that breathes“you must not let any living thing stay alive.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you must kill every living thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1363DEU2017v49s0you must completely destroy them“you must completely destroy these people groups”
1364DEU2018kl2b0Do this so that they“Destroy these nations so that they”
1365DEU2018ya8k0to act in any of their abominable ways…their gods“to act in abominable ways like the people in these nations have done with their gods”
1366DEU2018i63g0If you do, you will sin against Yahweh your God“If you act like these people, you will sin against Yahweh your God”
1367DEU2019lcz90General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1368DEU2019sqm50wage war“fight in a war”
1369DEU2019sg5n0by wielding an ax against them“by cutting down the trees with an ax”
1370DEU2019m55ufigs-rquestion0For is the tree of the field a man whom you should besiege?This rhetorical question is to remind the people of what they should already know. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “For fruit trees are not people, so they are not your enemy.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1371DEU2020gis70you know are not trees for food“you know are not trees that grow fruit to eat”
1372DEU2020czc40siege worksThese are tools and structures, such as ladders and towers, that are needed to lay siege to a city.
1373DEU2020g9nyfigs-idiom0until it fallsThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “until the people of the city lose the war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1374DEU2020fdg1figs-metonymy0it fallsHere “it” refers to the city which represents the people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1375DEU21introqfb60# Deuteronomy 21 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Elders<br>Older men were required to lead the people of Israel and help to administer justice. These men would function as judges, which would later become a more official position. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>### Peace in Israel<br>The rules and instructions in this chapter help to ensure peace in Israel. This is not a military peace. Instead, it is about establishing peace within Israel and among the people.<br>
1376DEU211g61z0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
1377DEU211z641figs-activepassive0If someone is found killedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If someone finds a person whom someone else has killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1378DEU211iqh70lying in the fieldThe dead person is lying in the field.
1379DEU211w5dtfigs-activepassive0it is not known who has attacked himThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “nobody knows who attacked him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1380DEU212p5xl0they must measure to the cities“they must measure the distance to the cities”
1381DEU212kj57figs-activepassive0him who has been killedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “him whom someone has killed” or “the dead body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1382DEU213qle90has not borne the yoke“has not worn a yoke”
1383DEU214c4aqfigs-idiom0running waterThis is an idiom for water that is moving. Alternate translation: “a stream” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1384DEU214cc7wfigs-activepassive0a valley that has been neither plowed nor sownThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a valley where nobody has plowed the ground or planted seeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1385DEU215lut70General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1386DEU215k6ht0must come forward“must come to the valley”
1387DEU215f1vj0for Yahweh your God has chosen them to serve him“because the priests are the ones whom Yahweh your God has chosen to serve him”
1388DEU215et1ifigs-you0Yahweh your GodMoses speaks to the Israelites as if he were speaking to one man, so the word “your” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1389DEU215gjj40give blessing“bless the people of Israel”
1390DEU215dtv4figs-metonymy0in the name of YahwehHere the metonym “in the name of” refers to Yahweh and his authority. Alternate translation: “as one who says and does what Yahweh himself would say and do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1391DEU215d9ju0Yahweh and to decide every case of dispute and assault by their word“Yahweh, and they will be the ones who settle all disagreements and cases of violence”
1392DEU216m3db0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1393DEU216sd84figs-activepassive0the heifer whose neck was brokenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the heifer whose neck the priests broke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1394DEU217f8zq0they must answer to the case“they must testify to Yahweh about this case”
1395DEU217hzz3figs-synecdoche0Our hands have not shed this bloodHere “hands” are a synecdoche for the whole person and “shed this blood” is a metonym for killing an innocent person. Alternate translation: “We did not kill this innocent person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1396DEU217p19hfigs-synecdoche0neither have our eyes seen itHere “eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “and we did not see anyone kill this person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1397DEU218n8mmfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to tell the elders what they should say when they wash their hands over the heifer. He speaks to them as if he were speaking to one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1398DEU218zi6qfigs-metaphor0whom you have redeemedYahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves in Egypt is spoken of as if Yahweh paid money to redeem his people from slavery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1399DEU218h6erfigs-idiom0do not put guilt for innocent bloodshed in the midst of your people IsraelThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “do not treat your people Israel as if they are guilty of killing an innocent person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1400DEU218ay2yfigs-activepassive0Then the bloodshed will be forgiven themThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh will forgive his people Israel for the death of an innocent person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1401DEU219jt760you will put away the innocent blood from your midst“you will not be guilty any more of killing an innocent person”
1402DEU219xm7qfigs-metaphor0what is right in the eyes of YahwehThe eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what is right in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1403DEU2110wt6lfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1404DEU2110l9ii0you go out“you who are soldiers go out”
1405DEU2111bd8u0you have a desire for herUse a polite phrase for “you want to sleep with her.”
1406DEU2111s5ud0wish to take her for yourself as a wife“want to marry her”
1407DEU2112jv5u0she will shave her head“she will shave the hair off of her head”
1408DEU2112z3hf0cut her nails“cut her fingernails”
1409DEU2113vnh6figs-you0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1410DEU2113b55vfigs-explicit0she will take off the clothes she was wearingShe will do this after the man brings her to his house and when she shaves her head and cuts her fingernails and toenails as mentioned in [Deuteronomy 21:12](../21/12.md). The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “she will take off the clothes of her people and put on Israelite clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1411DEU2113b4yffigs-activepassive0when she was taken captiveThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when you took her captive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1412DEU2113r21s0a full month“an entire month” or “a whole month”
1413DEU2113r54xfigs-euphemism0After that you may lie with herThis is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “After that you may have sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1414DEU2114ft5hfigs-explicit0But if you take no delight in herYou may need to make explicit that the man sleeps with the woman. Alternate translation: “But if you sleep with her and then decide that you do not want her as your wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1415DEU2114m4xj0let her go where she wishes“let her go wherever she wants to go”
1416DEU2114p6ul0because you have humiliated her“because you shamed her by sleeping with her and then sending her away”
1417DEU2115s91j0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1418DEU2115v2gpfigs-activepassive0one is loved and the other is hatedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) “the man loves one of his wives and he hates the other wife” or 2) “the man loves one wife more than he loves the other wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1419DEU2115jg5efigs-activepassive0if the firstborn son is of her that is hatedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if the firstborn son belongs to the wife whom the man hates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1420DEU2116f8q70then on the day that the man“when the man”
1421DEU2116ym4g0the man causes his sons to inherit what he possesses“the man gives his possessions to his sons as an inheritance”
1422DEU2116zf5n0he may not make the son of the beloved wife the firstborn before the son of the hated wife“he may not treat the son of the beloved wife as if he were the firstborn instead of the son of the hated wife”
1423DEU2117jb7c0a double portion“twice as much”
1424DEU2117njj9figs-idiom0that son is the beginning of his strengthThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that son is the one who shows that the man can become the father of sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1425DEU2118a2e90General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1426DEU2118m9czfigs-metonymy0who will not obey the voice of his father or the voice of his motherHere “voice” is a metonym for what a person says. Alternate translation: “who will not obey what his father or mother say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1427DEU2118k2qr0they correct him“they punish him for his wrongdoing” or “they train and instruct him”
1428DEU2119tfk20must lay hold on him and bring him out“must force him to come out”
1429DEU2120xgq4figs-you0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1430DEU2120l2170This son of ours“Our son”
1431DEU2120v2fhfigs-metonymy0he will not obey our voiceHere “voice” is a metonym for what a person says or a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “he will not do what we tell him to do” or “he will not obey us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1432DEU2120pp950a gluttona person who eats and drinks too much
1433DEU2120a7nu0a drunkarda person who drinks too much alcohol and gets drunk often
1434DEU2121f1vt0stone him to death with stones“throw stones at him until he dies”
1435DEU2121y2jqfigs-nominaladj0you will remove the evil from among youThe adjective “evil” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1436DEU2121eax8figs-metonymy0All IsraelThe word “Israel” is a metonym for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “All the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1437DEU2121dpr6figs-explicit0will hear of it and fearThe full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “will hear about what happened to the son and be afraid that the people will punish them also” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1438DEU2122bv2tfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1439DEU2122nh6m0If a man has committed a sin worthy of death“If a man has done something so bad that you need to punish him by killing him”
1440DEU2122h9vxfigs-activepassive0he is put to deathThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you execute him” or “you kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1441DEU2122hfw90you hang him on a treePossible meanings are 1) “after he has died you hang him on a tree” or 2) “you kill him by hanging him on a wooden post”
1442DEU2123y9lb0bury him the same day“bury him on the same day as when you execute him”
1443DEU2123ztq8figs-activepassive0for whoever is hanged is cursed by GodThis can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “because God curses everyone whom people hang on trees” and 2) “people hang on trees those whom God has cursed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1444DEU2123i54a0do not defile the landby leaving something God has cursed hanging in the tree
1445DEU22introhk1i0# Deuteronomy 22 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Order in Israel<br>The instructions in this chapter help to maintain order in this chapter. The people are to have integrity. The peoples sin will result in serious punishment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Virgin woman<br>If a woman was not a virgin, she was not considered to be worth marrying. The man who slept with her was responsible for providing for her since she will not be able to find a husband to provide for her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
1446DEU221b8pafigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1447DEU221j8sq0go astray“walk away from its owner”
1448DEU221z51nfigs-idiom0hide yourself from themThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “act as if you do not see them” or “go away without doing anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1449DEU222k4ri0If your fellow Israelite is not near to you“If your fellow Israelite lives far away from you”
1450DEU222x6el0or if you do not know him“or if you do not know who the owner of the animal is”
1451DEU222lk810it must be with you until he looks for it“you must keep the animal with you until its owner comes looking for it”
1452DEU223ez2bfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1453DEU223aj2b0You must do the same with his donkey“You must return his donkey in the same way”
1454DEU223xyi90you must do the same with his garment“you must return his clothing in the same way”
1455DEU223hk97figs-idiom0you must not hide yourselfThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you must not act as if you do not see that he has lost something” or “you must not go away without doing anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1456DEU224zc1c0you must surely help him to lift it up again“you must help your fellow Israelite lift the animal back up onto its feet”
1457DEU225pz6w0General Information:Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
1458DEU225jd6y0what pertains to a man“mens clothing”
1459DEU226ciu1figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1460DEU226jzz50birds nesta home that birds make for themselves out of sticks, grass, plants, and mud
1461DEU226j3em0with young ones or eggs in it“with baby birds or eggs in the nest”
1462DEU226d5x90the mother sitting on the young“the mother bird is sitting on the baby birds”
1463DEU227f4izfigs-metaphor0prolong your daysLong days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1464DEU228yyd6figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1465DEU228bt5j0a railing for your roofa low fence around the edge of the roof so people will not fall off the roof
1466DEU228f2cyfigs-metonymy0so that you do not bring blood on your houseBlood is a symbol for death. Alternate translation: “so that it will not be the fault of your household if someone dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1467DEU228g9kr0if anyone falls from there“if anyone falls from the roof because you did not make a railing”
1468DEU229c3ahfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1469DEU229de7hfigs-metonymy0so that the whole harvest is not confiscated by the holy placeThe words “holy place” is a metonym for the priests who work in the holy place. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that the priests in Yahwehs holy place do not take away the whole harvest” or “so that you do not defile the whole harvest and the priests do not allow you to use it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1470DEU229yx660the yield of the vineyard“the fruit that grows in the vineyard”
1471DEU2211x3xx0woolsoft, curly hair that grows on a sheep
1472DEU2211a4tftranslate-unknown0linenthread made from the flax plant (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1473DEU2212f6fsfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1474DEU2212dlr40fringesthreads that are bound together and hang from the end of each corner of the cloak
1475DEU2212r2vr0the cloaka long garment that a person wears over his other clothes
1476DEU2213ej5s0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1477DEU2213bv6zfigs-euphemism0he goes in to herThis is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he has sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1478DEU2214ir9k0then accuses her of shameful things“then accuses her of having slept with someone before she was married”
1479DEU2214qkl1figs-abstractnouns0puts a bad reputation on herThe abstract noun “reputation” can be translated as a verb phrase. Alternate translation: “makes other people think she is a bad person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1480DEU2214pd58figs-euphemism0but when I came near to herThis is a polite way of saying “to have sexual relations with someone.” Alternate translation: “but when I slept with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1481DEU2214l34f0I found no proof of virginity in herThe abstract noun “proof” can be translated as a verb phrase. Alternate translation: “she could not prove to me that she was a virgin”
1482DEU2215m57e0General Information:Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
1483DEU2215k5i1figs-abstractnouns0must take proof of her virginityThe abstract nouns “proof” and “virginity” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “must take something that proves that she has never had sexual relations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1484DEU2216vy460General Information:Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
1485DEU2217i7jufigs-explicit0he has accused her of shameful thingsThe full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “he has accused her of having slept with someone before he married her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1486DEU2217m954figs-abstractnouns0I did not find in your daughter the proof of virginityThe abstract nouns “proof” and “virginity” can be translated as verb phrases. Alternate translation: “Your daughter could not prove that she has never had sexual relations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1487DEU2217bhe3figs-abstractnouns0But here is the proof of my daughters virginityThe abstract nouns “proof” and “virginity” can be translated as verb phrases. Alternate translation: “But this proves that my daughter has never had sexual relations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1488DEU2217sdd9figs-explicit0Then they will spread the garment out before the elders of the cityThe full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “And then the mother and father will show the clothing with the bloodstain to the elders as proof that she was a virgin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1489DEU2218q13n0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1490DEU2219c6dg0they must fine him“they must make him pay as a punishment”
1491DEU2219j3h6translate-bmoney0one hundred shekels“100 shekels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1492DEU2219njg80give them to the father of the girl“give the money to the father of the girl”
1493DEU2219q46pfigs-abstractnouns0has caused a bad reputation for a virgin of IsraelThe abstract noun “reputation” can be translated as a verb phrase. Alternate translation: “has caused people to think that a virgin of Israel is a bad person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1494DEU2219w6zh0he may not send her away“never allow him to divorce her”
1495DEU2219sb61figs-idiom0during all his daysThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “for his entire life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1496DEU2220u7al0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1497DEU2220b2ml0But if this thing is true“But if it is true” or “But if what the man said is true”
1498DEU2220h9vvfigs-activepassive0that the proof of virginity was not found in the girlThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the man did not find proof that the girl was a virgin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1499DEU2220ut1jfigs-abstractnouns0the proof of virginityThe abstract nouns “proof” and “virginity” can be translated as verb phrases. Alternate translation: “something that proves that the girl has never had sexual relations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1500DEU2221u35w0then they must bring out the girl“then the elders must bring out the girl”
1501DEU2221tr690stone her to death with stones“throw stones at her until she dies”
1502DEU2221r68j0because she has committed a disgraceful action in Israel“because she has done a disgraceful thing in Israel”
1503DEU2221lq2i0to act as a harlot in her fathers house“acting like a harlot while living in her fathers house”
1504DEU2221n3u5figs-nominaladj0you will remove the evilThe adjective “evil” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1505DEU2222tr9pfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1506DEU2222gj36figs-activepassive0If a man is foundThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If someone finds a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1507DEU2222jwc2figs-euphemism0lying withThis is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “having sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1508DEU2222td330and you will remove“in this way you will remove”
1509DEU2223a6yjfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1510DEU2223gh340engaged to a man“who is promised to marry a man”
1511DEU2223qw6xfigs-euphemism0lies with herThis is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1512DEU2224pa9sfigs-you0take…and stoneThese commands are addressed to Israel as a group and so are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1513DEU2224y57q0take both of them“then you must bring both the girl and the man who slept with her”
1514DEU2224imu50because she did not cry out“because she did not call for help”
1515DEU2224h5rbfigs-explicit0because he violated his neighbors wifeThe Israelites at that time thought of a man and woman who had engaged each other for marriage as husband and wife. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “because he slept with a girl who belongs to a fellow Israelite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1516DEU2224h8jhfigs-nominaladj0you will remove the evil from among youThe adjective “evil” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1517DEU2225bbb70the engaged girla girl whose parents have agreed to let her marry a certain man, but she has not married him yet
1518DEU2225g61lfigs-euphemism0lies with herThis is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1519DEU2225y33y0then only the man who lies with her must die“then you must only kill the man who lay with her”
1520DEU2226x3q20there is no sin worthy of death in the girl“you are not to punish her by killing her for what she did”
1521DEU2226xrs60For this case is like when a man attacks his neighbor and kills him“Because this situation is like the situation when somebody attacks another person and kills him”
1522DEU2227qqe50For he found her in the field“Because the man found the girl working in the field”
1523DEU2228s17p0but who is not engaged“but whose parents have not promised another man that she will marry him”
1524DEU2228i4csfigs-euphemism0lies with herThis is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1525DEU2228m9ahfigs-activepassive0if they are discoveredThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if somebody finds out what happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1526DEU2229tr9ztranslate-bmoney0fifty shekels of silverA shekel weighs eleven grams. Alternate translation: “fifty pieces of silver” or “550 grams of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1527DEU2229yb82figs-idiom0He may not send her away during all his daysThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “He must never divorce her during his entire life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1528DEU2230hh8bfigs-explicit0must not take his fathers wife as his ownThe full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “must not marry his fathers former wife, even if she is not his mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1529DEU23introrn7c0# Deuteronomy 23 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The assembly of Yahweh<br>This was probably the corporate worship of Yahweh, when the people would come together to worship him.<br><br>### Racial superiority<br>Yahweh viewed Israel as superior to the other nations of Canaan. In many cultures, this may be seen as immoral. It must be remembered that the instructions of this chapter are very remote from the modern world. These people groups were always sinful and idolatrous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
1530DEU231r8v90man injured by crushing or cutting off“man whose private body parts someone has crushed or cut off”
1531DEU231z8kbfigs-idiom0may enter the assembly of YahwehThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “may be a full member of the Israelite community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1532DEU232j67e0illegitimate childPossible meanings are 1) a child born to parents who committed incest or adultery or 2) a child born to a prostitute.
1533DEU232eh16translate-ordinal0as far as to the tenth generation of his descendantsThis “tenth” is the ordinal number for ten. Alternate translation: “even after ten generations of the illegitimate childs descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1534DEU232i3u20none of them“none of these descendants”
1535DEU233zk3jfigs-idiom0may not belong to the assembly of YahwehThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “may not be a full member of the Israelite community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1536DEU233upu4translate-ordinal0as far as to the tenth generation of his descendantsThis “tenth”is the ordinal number for ten. Alternate translation: “even after ten generations of his descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1537DEU234sk15figs-explicit0they did not meet you with bread and with waterThe full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “they did not welcome you by bringing you food and drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1538DEU234l814figs-you0against you…curse youMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1539DEU235nd5kfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1540DEU235zpa9figs-idiom0would not listenThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “did not pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1541DEU235ag3p0turned the curse into a blessing for you“had him bless you and not curse you”
1542DEU236nk420You must never seek their peace or prosperityPossible meanings are 1) “You should never make a peace treaty with the Ammonites and the Moabites” or 2) “You must not do anything to cause things to go well for those 2 people groups to enable them to prosper” .
1543DEU236nxp6figs-idiom0during all your daysThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “as long as you are a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1544DEU237erl6figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1545DEU237pb1s0You must not detest an Edomite“Do not hate an Edomite”
1546DEU237p79b0for he is your brother“because he is your relative”
1547DEU237alf80you must not abhor an Egyptian“do not hate an Egyptian”
1548DEU238iwm4translate-ordinal0The descendants of the third generation that are born to them may belong to the assembly of YahwehThis “third” is the ordinal number for three. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “If an Edomite or an Egyptian comes to live in the Israelite community, his grandchildren may become full members of that community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1549DEU239ffs3figs-you0When you march out as an army against your enemies, then you must keep yourselvesMoses speaks here to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1550DEU239v59w0against your enemies“to fight against your enemies”
1551DEU239m73w0keep yourselves from every evil thing“keep yourselves away from all bad things”
1552DEU2310fmm7figs-euphemism0any man who is unclean because of what happened to him at nightThis is a polite way of saying that he had an emission of semen. Alternate translation: “any man who is unclean because he had an emission of semen while he was asleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1553DEU2312myh9figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1554DEU2313pw1i0you will have something among your tools to dig with“you should have a tool that you can use to dig with”
1555DEU2313sn2ifigs-euphemism0when you squat down to relieve yourselfThis is a polite way of saying to defecate. Alternate translation: “when you squat down to defecate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1556DEU2313k6ti0you must dig with it“you must dig a hole with the tool”
1557DEU2313mq5j0cover up what has come out from you“cover up your excrement”
1558DEU2314j9zn0so that he may not see any unclean thing among you“so that Yahweh may not see any unclean thing among you”
1559DEU2315ba2ufigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1560DEU2315cfk6figs-explicit0a slave who has escaped from his masterThe full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “a slave from another country who escaped from his master and came to Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1561DEU2316c3m80Let him live with you“Let the slave live among your people”
1562DEU2317kr1efigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1563DEU2317cmz6figs-euphemism0cultic prostitute…among any of the daughters…among the sonsPossible meanings are that Moses 1) openly forbids women and men to perform sexual acts as part of temple service or 2) uses a euphemism to forbid women and men to perform sexual acts to receive money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1564DEU2318i3pv0You must not bring the wages of a prostitute…into the house“A woman who earns money as a prostitute must not bring that money…into the house”
1565DEU2318cdx20a doga man who allows men to have sex with him for money
1566DEU2318p7wu0into the house of Yahweh your God“into the temple”
1567DEU2318nqe50for any vow“to fulfill a vow”
1568DEU2318dw4f0both thesethe wages of a female prostitute and of a male prostitute.
1569DEU2319ad32figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1570DEU2319f1z20lend on interestto lend to somebody and force that person to pay back more than was lent
1571DEU2319z4pg0interest of money…anything that is lent on interest“you must not charge interest when you lend somebody money, food, or anything else”
1572DEU2320ubn8figs-idiom0all that you put your hand toThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “all that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1573DEU2321nbs8figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1574DEU2321q8a90you must not be slow in fulfilling it“you must not take a long time to fulfill the vow”
1575DEU2321cns10for Yahweh your God will surely require it of you“because Yahweh your God will blame you and punish you if you do not fulfill your vow”
1576DEU2322g92kfigs-explicit0But if you will refrain from making a vow, it will be no sin for youThe full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “But, if you do not make a vow, you will not sin because you will not have a vow to fulfill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1577DEU2323d5bwfigs-idiom0That which has gone out from your lipsThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The words you have spoken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1578DEU2323mp5l0according as you have vowed to Yahweh your God“whatever you have vowed to Yahweh your God that you will do”
1579DEU2323cj720anything that you have freely promised with your mouth“anything that people have heard you promise to do because you wanted to do it”
1580DEU2323qm3v0with your mouth“so that people heard you say it”
1581DEU2324gy1xfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1582DEU2324wy4l0you may eat as many grapes as you desire“then you may enjoy eating grapes until you are full”
1583DEU2324ris3figs-explicit0but do not put any in your basketThe full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “but you may not put any grapes in your bag to take them away with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1584DEU2325em5k0When you go into your neighbors ripe grain“When you walk through your neighbors field where there is grain growing”
1585DEU2325v1t50you may pluck the heads of grain with your hand“then you may eat the kernels of grain with your hand”
1586DEU2325jv7v0but do not put a sickle to your neighbors ripe grain“but do not cut down your neighbors ripe grain and take it with you”
1587DEU2325q13q0sicklea sharp tool that farmers use to harvest wheat
1588DEU24introl5h30# Deuteronomy 24 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>This chapter continues the teaching about how to maintain justice in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “No man may take a mill or an upper millstone as a pledge”<br>A millstone was the way a person made a living. To take a persons millstone was to take away the way they earned money and produced food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Lending money<br>Lending money to fellow Israelites was a way to help them out. It was not intended to be a way to make money off their brothers. This chapter gives limitations regarding the lending of money.<br>
1589DEU241fn1d0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1590DEU241t3lrfigs-doublet0When a man takes a wife and marries herThe phrases “takes a wife” and “marries her” mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “When a man marries a woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1591DEU241a5kifigs-synecdoche0if she finds no favor in his eyesHere the “eyes” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “if he decides that he does not like her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1592DEU241bk830because he has found some unsuitable thing in her“because for some reason he has decided that he does not want to keep her”
1593DEU241t5b80he must write her a certificate of divorce“he must give his wife an official paper saying that they are not married anymore”
1594DEU242s8m80she may go and be another mans wife“she may go and marry another man”
1595DEU243i2hqfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel about a woman who gets a divorce and marries another man. Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1596DEU243x5th0If the second husband hates her“If the second husband decides that he hates the woman”
1597DEU243n5zv0certificate of divorceThis is an official paper saying that the man and woman are not married anymore. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 24:1](../24/01.md).
1598DEU243fwe10puts it into her hand“gives it to the woman”
1599DEU244pjf5figs-explicit0after she has become impureThe full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “after she has become unclean by the divorce and remarriage to another man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1600DEU244wx6ufigs-personification0You must not cause the land to become guiltyThe land is spoken of as if it could sin. Alternate translation: “You must not spread guilt around in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1601DEU245k6dj0General Information:Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
1602DEU245kq760When a man takes a new wife“When a man is newly married to a woman”
1603DEU245e825figs-activepassive0neither may he be commanded to go on any forced dutyThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and no one is to force him to live away from his home and do any kind of work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1604DEU245r7e90he will be free to be at home“he will be free to live at home”
1605DEU246ug4c0milla tool for making flour by grinding grain in between two heavy discs of stone
1606DEU246uas90upper millstonethe top disc of stone in a mill
1607DEU246sp1ufigs-metonymy0for that would be taking a persons life as a pledgeThe word “life” is a metonym for what a person needs to keep himself alive. Alternate translation: “because he would be taking from the man what the man needs to make food for his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1608DEU247pj12figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1609DEU247q93tfigs-idiom0If a man is found kidnappingThis is an idiom for “If a man kidnaps.” It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you find a man kidnapping” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1610DEU247mk1d0kidnappingusing physical force to take an innocent person away from his home and imprison him
1611DEU247zk840any of his brothers from among the people of Israel“any of his fellow Israelites”
1612DEU247e6gc0that thief must die“then other Israelites should kill that thief as a punishment for what he did”
1613DEU247jx4afigs-nominaladj0you will remove the evil from among youThe adjective “evil” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1614DEU248xl5c0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1615DEU248s2slfigs-you0Take heed…you carefully observeMoses speaks to the Israelites here as if they were one man, so the word “you” and the command “take heed” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1616DEU248a4y70Take heed regarding any plague of leprosy“Pay attention if you suffer from leprosy” or “Pay attention if you have leprosy”
1617DEU248g4nufigs-activepassive0every instruction given to you which the priests, the Levites, teach youThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all of the instructions that I have given you and that the priests, who are Levites, teach you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1618DEU248bq6ffigs-you0teach you…you will actMoses here speaks to the Israelites as a group, so these instances of the word “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1619DEU248ha1s0as I commanded them, so you will act“you must make sure that you do exactly what I have commanded them”
1620DEU248gr6s0commanded themThe word “them” refers to the priests, who are Levites.
1621DEU249dz97figs-you0Call to mind what Yahweh your GodMoses speaks to the Israelites here as if they were one man, so the word “your” and the command “call to mind” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1622DEU249svp3figs-you0you were coming outMoses here speaks to the Israelites as a group, so the word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1623DEU249rhd1figs-idiom0Call to mindThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1624DEU249ue240as you were coming out of Egypt“during the time when you were leaving Egypt”
1625DEU2410g9z2figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1626DEU2410p9qp0When you make your neighbor any kind of loan“When you loan something to your neighbor”
1627DEU2410dgw30to fetch his pledge“to take his pledge”
1628DEU2410t4620his pledgeThis refers to what he has promised that he would give you if he did not pay back the loan.
1629DEU2411l4zm0You will stand outside“You should wait outside his house”
1630DEU2412igs8figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1631DEU2412p99v0you must not lie down to sleep with his pledge in your possession“you must not keep his coat overnight” or “you must return his pledge before you lie down to sleep”
1632DEU2412ub2f0his pledgeThis refers to what he has promised that he would give you if he did not pay back the loan. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 24:10](../24/10.md).
1633DEU2413ak4z0restore to him the pledge“give him back what he has given you to show that he will pay back the loan”
1634DEU2413b8d7figs-explicit0so that he may sleep in his cloak and bless youThe full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “so that he will have his coat to keep himself warm when he sleeps, and he will be grateful to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1635DEU2413rg780cloakThis is a coat or other clothing that keeps a person warm at night. This was probably the “pledge” Moses was speaking of in [Deuteronomy 24:10-12](./10.md).
1636DEU2413ju2d0it will be righteousness for you before Yahweh your God“Yahweh your God will approve of the way you handled this matter”
1637DEU2414wp93figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1638DEU2414w8gq0You must not oppress a hired servant“You must not treat a hired servant poorly”
1639DEU2414lbh80hired servanta person who gets paid daily for his work
1640DEU2414siq5figs-doublet0poor and needyThese two words have similar meanings and emphasize that this is a person who cannot help himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1641DEU2414pkc6figs-synecdoche0within your city gatesHere “city gates” mean towns or cities. Alternate translation: “in one of your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1642DEU2415msa80Each day you must give him his wage“You should give the man the money he earns every single day”
1643DEU2415en53figs-idiom0the sun must not go down on this unsettled matterThis is an idiom. The Israelites considered the new day as starting when the sun went down. Alternate translation: “you should pay the man on the same day he does the work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1644DEU2415qhi5figs-explicit0for he is poor and is counting on itThe full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “because he is poor and depends on his wages to buy his food for the next day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1645DEU2415e1ry0he does not cry out against you to Yahweh“he does not call out to Yahweh and ask him to punish you”
1646DEU2416f9w8figs-activepassive0The parents must not be put to death for their childrenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must not execute the parents because of something bad that one of their children did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1647DEU2416dm6qfigs-activepassive0neither must the children be put to death for their parentsThis can be stated in active form, Alternate translation: “and you must not execute the children because of something bad that their parents did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1648DEU2416kpm3figs-activepassive0everyone must be put to death for his own sinThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you should only execute a person because of something bad that he did himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1649DEU2417jt5pfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1650DEU2417v5c5figs-metaphor0You must not use force to take away the justice that is due the foreigner or the fatherlessMoses speaks of justice as if it were a physical object that a stronger person can violently pull away from a weaker person. Alternate translation: “You must not treat a foreigner or the fatherless unfairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1651DEU2417p5g10fatherlessThis refers to children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them.
1652DEU2417e6gpfigs-explicit0nor take the widows cloak as a pledgeA lender would take something from the borrower to ensure that she would pay him back. He was not allowed to take her coat because she needed it to stay warm. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and do not take a widows cloak as a pledge because she needs it to stay warm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1653DEU2418w91cfigs-idiom0call to mindThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1654DEU2419x6d4figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1655DEU2419t9e20When you reap your harvest in your field“When you cut down the grain in your field”
1656DEU2419im2p0an omer of grainSome versions translate this as “a sheaf.” Either translation refers to stalks of grain, enough to be easily carried, possibly tied in a bundle.
1657DEU2419nzd1figs-ellipsis0it must be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, or for the widowYou can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “you must leave the sheaf so a foreigner, an orphan, or a widow can take it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1658DEU2419xe9hfigs-synecdoche0in all the work of your handsHere “hands” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “in all the work that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1659DEU2420e142figs-ellipsis0When you shake your olive treeYou can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “When you shake the branches of your olive tree, causing the olives to fall to the ground so you can pick them up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1660DEU2420e66f0you must not go over the branches again“do not pick every single olive from the tree”
1661DEU2420e3tnfigs-ellipsis0it will be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, or for the widowYou can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “the olives that stay on the branches are for foreigners, orphans, and widows to pick and take with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1662DEU2421qg17figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1663DEU2421h98g0What is left over will be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, and for the widow“The grapes that you do not pick will be for the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow to pick”
1664DEU2421qsd7figs-genericnoun0for the foreigner, for the fatherless, and for the widowThese refer to groups of people. Alternate translation: “for foreigners, for those who are fatherless, and for the widows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1665DEU2422jte9figs-idiom0call to mindThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1666DEU25introe9vi0# Deuteronomy 25 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues to teach about justice in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “A perfect and just weight you must have”<br>In the ancient Near East, money was weighted on a scale. If a persons weight was off, they were robbing people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
1667DEU251kk1l0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1668DEU252m44yfigs-activepassive0If the guilty man deserves to be beatenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If the judge orders them to beat the guilty man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1669DEU252b3kifigs-activepassive0be beaten in his presenceThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will watch them beat him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1670DEU252iku90with the ordered number of blows, as was his crime“the number of times he has ordered because of the bad deed he did”
1671DEU253ytf30General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1672DEU253e1n2translate-numbers0The judge may give him forty blows“The judge may say that they should beat the guilty person 40 times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1673DEU253p5e20but he may not exceed that number“but the judge may not order them to beat him more than 40 times”
1674DEU253n2km0for if he should exceed that number and beat him with many more blows“because if the judge orders them to beat him many more than 40 times”
1675DEU253l8jufigs-activepassive0then your fellow Israelite would be humiliated before your eyesThis may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “then the judge would humiliate your fellow Israelite in front of all of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1676DEU253s8b7figs-synecdoche0humiliated before your eyesHere the people are represented by their “eyes” to emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: “humiliated, and you would all see it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1677DEU254zw1w0You must not muzzle the ox“You must not put something over the mouth of an ox”
1678DEU254jy420when he treads out the grainwhile he separates the grain from the chaff by walking on it or dragging heavy wood over it
1679DEU255w7si0General Information:Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
1680DEU255a1gx0If brothers live togetherPossible meanings are: 1) “If brothers live on the same property” or 2) “If brothers live near each other.”
1681DEU255e3vxfigs-activepassive0then the wife of the dead man must not be married off to someoneThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “then the family of the dead man must not let the widow marry someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1682DEU255y2p8figs-euphemism0shall go in to herThis is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “shall have sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1683DEU255j4zw0do the duty of a husbands brother to her“do what the brother of a dead husband is supposed to do”
1684DEU256tf4hfigs-metonymy0will succeed in the name of that mans dead brotherThe word “name” is a metonym for the persons family line. Alternate translation: “will continue the family line of that mans dead brother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1685DEU256d4l7figs-metonymy0so that his name will not perish from IsraelThe word “name” is a metonym for the persons family line. Alternate translation: “so that his family line will not disappear from Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1686DEU257clc20General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1687DEU257hf36figs-explicit0must go up to the gate to the eldersThe full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “must go up to the city gate where the elders judge cases” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1688DEU257v965figs-metonymy0refuses to raise up for his brother a nameHere “name” refers to the memory of someone through his descendants. Alternate translation: “refuses to give his brother a son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1689DEU257d9aj0he will not perform the duty of a husbands brother to me“he will not do what a husbands brother is supposed to do and marry me”
1690DEU258sx4h0I do not wish to take her“I do not wish to marry her”
1691DEU259wrp90General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1692DEU259d6jx0must come up to him in the presence of the elders“must walk up close to him with the elders there watching”
1693DEU259e9kqfigs-metonymy0who does not build up his brothers houseHere “house” is a metonym for the family. Alternate translation: “who does not give his brother a son and continue his brothers family line” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1694DEU2510py4m0His name will be called in Israel“People in Israel will know his family as”
1695DEU2510hsh9figs-explicit0The house of him whose sandal has been taken offHere removing the sandal symbolizes that the brother would not receive any of the property of his dead brother. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The house of him whose sandal his brothers widow took off his foot” or “The family of a man who did not marry the wife of his dead brother” or “The family whom everyone despises” or “The family who is shameful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1696DEU2511qu3tfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1697DEU2511fd81figs-metonymy0out of the hand of him who struck himHere “hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “so the one who struck him will not strike him again” or “from the man who hit him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1698DEU2512lc9rfigs-synecdoche0your eye must have no pityHere “eye” means the whole person. Alternate translation: “you should not feel sorry for her” or “you must not show her mercy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1699DEU2513m4mmfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1700DEU2513bt47figs-explicit0You must not have in your bag different weights, a large and a smallThe full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. You can also make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “You must not cheat people by using a weight that is larger than you say it is when you buy things and by using a weight that is smaller than you say it is when you sell things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1701DEU2513q2yv0weightsWeights were stones used on a balance to determine how much something weighs
1702DEU2514bt5bfigs-explicit0You must not have in your house different measures, a large and a smallThe full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. You can also make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “You must not cheat people by using a measure that is larger than you say it is when you buy things and by using a measure that is smaller than you say it is when you sell things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1703DEU2514n9g60measuresA measure was a basket or other container for measuring how much there is of something.
1704DEU2515q2jffigs-you0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel about using fair weights and measures when buying and selling. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1705DEU2515emm10A perfect and just“A correct and fair”
1706DEU2515h3e20weight…measureSee how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 25:13](../25/13.md).
1707DEU2515lu1xfigs-idiom0your days may be longThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you may live for a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1708DEU2516xsn10For all who do such things, all that act unrighteously“because everyone who cheats people by using different sized weights and measures”
1709DEU2517za5vfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1710DEU2517fs1sfigs-idiom0Call to mind what Amalek did to youThis is an idiom, and “Amalek” is a metonym for the Amelikite people. Alternate translation: “Remember what the Amalekites did to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1711DEU2517y9ynfigs-you0as you came outThe word “you” here is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1712DEU2518yp1n0how he met you on the road“how they met you along the way”
1713DEU2518h41g0attacked those of you at the rear“attacked those of your people who were in the back of the line”
1714DEU2518f2uv0all who were feeble in your rear“all the people who were weak in the back of the line”
1715DEU2518bv3rfigs-doublet0faint and wearyThese words have similar meanings and emphasize how tired the people were. Alternate translation: “tired and exhausted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1716DEU2518ig25figs-explicit0he did not honor GodThe full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “he was not afraid of Gods punishment” or “he did not respect God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1717DEU2519gv8d0you must blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven“you must kill all of the Amalekites so that nobody will remember them anymore”
1718DEU26introt97p0# Deuteronomy 26 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter recalls the great events of Israels history when Yahweh brought them out of Egypt.<br>
1719DEU261yl9ffigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1720DEU262epa3translate-ordinal0some of the first of all the harvest“some of the first fruits of the harvest” or “some of the first crops of the harvest.” This “first” is the ordinal number for one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1721DEU263wq9zfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1722DEU265u2ntfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1723DEU265tpv80My ancestor was a wandering ArameanThis is the beginning of the statement that the Israelite male should make when bringing his basket.
1724DEU265tq540a wandering ArameanThis refers to Jacob, who was the ancestor of all the Israelites. He lived for many years in Aram-Nahairam, a region located in Syria.
1725DEU265k6c80stayed there“lived the rest of his life there”
1726DEU265fi9kfigs-metonymy0There he becameThe word “he” is a metonym for “Jacobs descendants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1727DEU265bu5wfigs-doublet0a great, mightyThese words mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that Israel became a large and powerful nation. Alternate translation: “very great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1728DEU266i5270General Information:This continues what the Israelite must say when he brings his first crops to Yahweh.
1729DEU266ujn6figs-doublet0treated us badly and afflicted usThese two phrases say basically the same thing. They emphasize that the Egyptians acted very harshly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1730DEU266c31yfigs-inclusive0treated usHere “us” refers to the people of Israel that were living in Egypt. The speaker includes himself as one of the people whether he lived in Egypt or not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1731DEU267yr33figs-metonymy0he heard our voiceHere “voice” refers to the whole person and his cries or prayers. Alternate translation: “he heard our cries” or “he heard our prayers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1732DEU267g82f0our affliction, our labor, and our oppression“that the Egyptians were afflicting us, that we were doing very hard work, and that the Egyptians were oppressing us”
1733DEU268c2ae0General Information:This continues what the Israelite must say when he brings his first crops to Yahweh.
1734DEU268bl9xfigs-inclusive0Yahweh brought usHere “us” refers to the people of Israel that were living in Egypt. The speaker includes himself as one of the people whether he lived in Egypt or not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1735DEU268qdu1figs-metaphor0with a mighty hand, with an outstretched armHere “a mighty hand” and “an outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahwehs power. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “by showing his mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1736DEU268r6wp0with great fearsomeness“with acts that terrified the people who saw them”
1737DEU269e5yf0a land that flows with milk and honeyThis is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming”
1738DEU2610w7qdfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues telling the Israelites what they must say when they bring theire first crops to Yahweh. He speaks to them as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1739DEU2610i91e0first of the harvest“first fruits of the harvest” or “first crops of the harvest”
1740DEU2610w4db0You must set it down“You must set the basket down.”
1741DEU2611n6y80you must rejoice in all the good that Yahweh your God has done for you“you must rejoice and be grateful for all the good things that Yahweh your God has done for you”
1742DEU2612m35ufigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1743DEU2612hy2ptranslate-ordinal0in the third yearThis “third” is the ordinal number for three. Every three years the people of Israel gave a tenth of the harvest to the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1744DEU2612whv60fatherlessThese are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them.
1745DEU2612qtq60widowThis means a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her now that she is old.
1746DEU2612w7jjfigs-synecdoche0eat within your city gates and be filledHere “gates” means towns or cities. Alternate translation: “so that those within your towns may have enough food to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1747DEU2613m9iv0I have brought out ofThese are the first words of another statement that the Israelite was supposed to say.
1748DEU2613br990neither have I forgotten themThis means that he has obeyed all of Gods commandments.
1749DEU2614ptc40General Information:This continues what the Israelite must say to Yahweh when he gives his tithe to the poor.
1750DEU2614u6sj0I have not eaten any of it in my mourning“I have not eaten any of the tithe while I was mourning”
1751DEU2614at8mfigs-explicit0when I was impureHere “impure” means the person is unclean according to the Law. God does not allow an unclean person to touch the tithe he is giving to God. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “when I was unclean according to the Law” or “when the law says I cannot touch it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1752DEU2614i6zzfigs-metonymy0I have listened to the voice of Yahweh my God; I have obeyed everything you have commanded me to doHere “voice of Yahweh” is a metonym for what Yahweh says. Both statements share similar meanings. They emphasize that the person has obeyed all of Gods commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1753DEU2615q1e2figs-doublet0from the holy place where you live, from heavenThese two phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “from heaven, your holy dwelling place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1754DEU2615y7c50a land flowing with milk and honeyThis is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming”
1755DEU2616q8i6figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1756DEU2616lvb6figs-metonymy0with all your heart and with all your soulHere “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a persons inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1757DEU2617v3dxfigs-parallelism0that you will walk in his ways and keep his statutes, his commandments, and his decrees, and that you will listen to his voiceThe words “walk,” “keep,” and “listen” have similar meanings here. Here “voice” refers to what God has said. Alternate translation: “that you will completely obey everything Yahweh commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1758DEU2618c7hkfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1759DEU2618wri10a people who are his own possession“a people who belong to him”
1760DEU2619q8jbfigs-idiom0he will set you high aboveThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he will make you more important than” or “he will make you greater than” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1761DEU2619p58x0he will set you high above all the other nations that he has made, and you will receive praise, fame, and honorPossible meanings are 1) “he will cause you to become greater than any other nation that he has established, and he will enable you to praise him and honor him” or 2) “he will have people praise you more than they praise every other nation that he has made; people will say that you are better than any other nation, and they will honor you.”
1762DEU2619lg4ifigs-metaphor0You will be a people that is set apart to Yahweh your GodYahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will set you apart from other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1763DEU27introuy690# Deuteronomy 27 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “May the man be cursed”<br>This phrase is repeated several times in this chapter. This parallelism serves as a warning to the Israelites when they will live in the Promised Land. This is part of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br>
1764DEU271mu7efigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted, the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1765DEU271ya1qfigs-you0command you todayMoses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so the word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1766DEU271g7rq0I commandHere “I” refers to Moses. The elders are there in agreement with Moses, but he is the only one speaking.
1767DEU272yul5figs-you0you will passMoses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so the word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1768DEU272c7s3figs-explicit0plaster them with plasterPlaster is usually a mixture of lime, sand, and water that is spread on something. It dries to form a hard, smooth surface on which a person can write. Alternate translation: “spread plaster on them” or “make them so you can write on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1769DEU273yd13figs-idiom0a land flowing with milk and honeyThis is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1770DEU274rjy8figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1771DEU274l6glfigs-you0you have passed…set up…I am commanding youMoses is addressing the Israelites as a group, so the instances of “you” and the command “set up” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1772DEU274gk8x0plaster them with plaster“spread plaster on them” or “make them so you can write on them.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:2](../27/02.md).
1773DEU274vvi20Mount EbalThis is a mountain near Shechem. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 11:29](../11/29.md).
1774DEU275ebq3figs-explicit0you must raise no iron tool to work the stonesThis refers to the chisels that would make the stones smoother, in order that they might fit together better. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “you will not shape the altar stones with iron tools” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1775DEU276c115figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1776DEU276y47u0unworked stonesstones in their natural shape that no one has shaped with metal tools
1777DEU278fa2n0write on the stonesThis refers to the stones they were to set up on Mount Ebal and cover with plaster. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:2](../27/02.md) and [Deuteronomy 27:4](./04.md).
1778DEU279dv5wfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1779DEU2710q49wfigs-metonymy0obey the voice of Yahweh your GodHere the metonym “voice of Yahweh” refers to what he says. Alternate translation: “obey what Yahweh your God says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1780DEU2710f9l60I am commandingMoses is commanding. The Levites are there in agreement with Moses, but he is the only one speaking.
1781DEU2712p66tfigs-metonymy0These tribesHere the metonym “tribes” refers to the people from the tribes of Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “The people from these tribes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1782DEU2712s7rz0Mount GerizimA small mountain north of Mount Ebal. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 11:29](../11/29.md).
1783DEU2712rsu50JosephThis combines the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, who were descendants of Joseph.
1784DEU2713ax7s0Mount EbalSee how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 11:29](../11/29.md).
1785DEU2713p9b60pronounce curses“say in a loud voice how Yahweh will curse Israel”
1786DEU2715pp2ufigs-activepassive0May the man be cursed…sets it up in secretThis is the statement the Levites must shout to all the people of Israel. It may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the person…sets it up in secret” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1787DEU2715ne2dfigs-idiom0the work of the hands of a craftsmanThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “something a man has made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1788DEU2715jjw20craftsmana man who knows how to make things well
1789DEU2716m7ef0General Information:Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say.
1790DEU2716igu1figs-activepassive0May the man be cursedThis may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1791DEU2717api7figs-explicit0who removes his neighbors landmarkThe full meaning of the statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “who takes land away from his neighbor by moving the markers on the borders of his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1792DEU2718s55n0General Information:Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say.
1793DEU2718f4infigs-activepassive0May the man be cursedThis may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](../27/16.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1794DEU2719b9gcfigs-metaphor0uses force to take away the justice due to a foreigner…widowMoses speaks of justice as if it were a physical object that a stronger person can violently pull away from a weaker person. Your language might have one word that means “use force to take away.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 24:17](../24/17.md). Alternate translation: “treats a foreigner…widow unfairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1795DEU2719ed5u0fatherlessThese are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them.
1796DEU2719cnk80widowThis means a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age.
1797DEU2720fzq90General Information:Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say.
1798DEU2720s47rfigs-activepassive0May the man be cursedThis can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](../27/16.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1799DEU2720szg50his fathers wifeThis does not refer to the mans mother, but another wife of his father.
1800DEU2720jzl8figs-explicit0he has taken away his fathers rightsWhen a man marries a woman, only he has the legal right to sleep with her. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. Alternate translation: “he has taken away his fathers legal rights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1801DEU2722p8ac0General Information:Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say.
1802DEU2722zer5figs-activepassive0May the man be cursedThis may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](../27/16.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1803DEU2722rhp90the daughter of his father, or with the daughter of his motherThis means a man cannot sleep with his sister, even if she has a different mother or father.
1804DEU2724q7720General Information:Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say.
1805DEU2724n57sfigs-activepassive0May the man be cursedThis may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](../27/16.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1806DEU2726mmv30General Information:Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say.
1807DEU2726z9xafigs-activepassive0May the man be cursedThis may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](../27/16.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1808DEU28introf2wv0# Deuteronomy 28 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Blessings and warnings<br>This chapter explains some of the blessings and warnings associated with Israels obedience to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br>
1809DEU281cg2qfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1810DEU281f13gfigs-metonymy0to the voice of Yahweh your GodHere the metonym “voice of Yahweh” refers to what he says. Alternate translation: “to what Yahweh your God says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1811DEU281nmq70so as to keep“and obey”
1812DEU281gb5dfigs-metaphor0set you aboveMoses speaks of being important or being great as if it were being physically higher, as on a higher hill. Alternate translation: “make you more important than” or “make you greater than” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1813DEU282w8txfigs-metaphor0All these blessings will come on you and overtake youMoses describes the blessings as a person who would attack them by surprise or chase and catch them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless you like this in ways that will completely surprise you, and it will be as if you cannot escape having him bless you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1814DEU283wiv2figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1815DEU283uv27figs-activepassive0Blessed will you beThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1816DEU283z33gfigs-merism0in the city…in the fieldThis merism means that Yahweh will bless them everywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1817DEU284t3s8figs-idiom0the fruit of your body, and the fruit of your ground, and the fruit of your beastsThese idioms for “your children, and your crops, and all your animals” form a merism for everything the Israelites valued. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1818DEU284t45ffigs-doublet0the fruit of your beasts, the increase of your cattle, and the young of your flockThis doublet is three ways of saying that Yahweh will make the Israelites animals many and strong. Alternate translation: “all of your animals along with the calves of the cattle and the lambs of the flocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1819DEU285w512figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1820DEU285mk51figs-activepassive0Blessed will beThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1821DEU285lu31figs-metonymy0your basket and your kneading troughIsraelites used a basket to carry grain. A “kneading trough” was a bowl they used to mix the grain and make bread. Alternate translation: “all the food you grow and all the food you eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1822DEU286cm5ffigs-merism0when you come in…when you go outThis merism refers to all of lifes activities everywhere they go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1823DEU287ky89figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1824DEU287p5y5figs-activepassive0cause your enemies who rise up against you to be struck down before youThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “cause you to defeat the armies that attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1825DEU287u7a70but will flee before you seven ways“but they will run away from you in seven directions”
1826DEU287x6u8figs-idiom0seven waysThis is an idiom. The actual number could be more or less than seven. Alternate translation: “in many different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1827DEU288ppz6figs-metaphor0Yahweh will command the blessing to come on you in your barnsMoses describes Yahweh blessing the Israelites as if Yahweh were commanding a person to attack them by surprise. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh blesses you, you will be surprised by how much grain you have in your barns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1828DEU288r2abfigs-idiom0in all that you put your hand toThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “in everything you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1829DEU289xw3nfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1830DEU289a5t2figs-metaphor0Yahweh will establish you as a people that is set apart for himselfYahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh put them in a place different from the place all other nations live in. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will make you a holy people that belongs to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1831DEU2810k3wcfigs-metonymy0you are called by the name of YahwehHere the metonym “called by the name of Yahweh” means belonging to him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has called you his own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1832DEU2811jw4nfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1833DEU2811i27wfigs-idiom0in the fruit of your body, in the fruit of your cattle, in the fruit of your groundThis is an idiom. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 28:4](../28/04.md). Alternate translation: “with children, animals, and crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1834DEU2812rc3ifigs-metaphor0his storehouse of the heavensMoses speaks of the clouds from which the rain falls as if they were a building where he stores the rain. Alternate translation: “the clouds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1835DEU2812x3c10at the right time“when the crops need it”
1836DEU2812lb4jfigs-synecdoche0all the work of your handThe word “hand” is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “all the work that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1837DEU2813czu1figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1838DEU2813am9qfigs-metaphor0the head, and not the tailThis metaphor describes the nation of Israel as an animal and means the Israelites will always be the leaders over other nations and never the servants following behind them. The Israelites will be superior in power, money, and honor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1839DEU2813yc2s0will be only above…will never be beneathThe Israelites will rule over others but never have others rule them.
1840DEU2813dhn1figs-you0I am commanding youMoses is speaking to all the Israelites, so the word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1841DEU2814ce8rfigs-metaphor0if you do not turn away from any of the words that I am commanding you today, to the right hand or to the left, so as to go after other gods to serve themDisobeying Yahweh and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if a person physically turned and went in a different direction from Yahwehs words. Alternate translation: “if you do not disobey what I am commanding you today by serving other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1842DEU2815k4bmfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1843DEU2815hi330But ifHere Moses starts describing the curses the people will receive if they disobey.
1844DEU2815x89vfigs-metonymy0the voice of Yahweh your GodHere the metonym “voice of Yahweh” means what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh your God is saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1845DEU2815g8p4figs-metaphor0then all these curses will come on you and overtake youMoses describes the curses as a person who would attack them by surprise or chase and catch them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will curse you like this in ways that will completely surprise you, and it will be as if you cannot escape having him curse you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1846DEU2815xl160come on you and overtake youSee how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:2](../28/02.md).
1847DEU2816gl2afigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1848DEU2816nf28figs-activepassive0Cursed will you beThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will curse you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1849DEU2816rs5ifigs-merism0in the city…in the fieldThis merism means that Yahweh will bless them everywhere. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:3](../28/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1850DEU2817ii5pfigs-metonymy0your basket and your kneading troughThe Israelites used a basket to carry grain. A “kneading trough” was a bowl they used to mix the grain and make bread. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:5](../28/05.md). Alternate translation: “all the food you grow and all the food you eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1851DEU2818k7ipfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1852DEU2818nhd7figs-activepassive0Cursed will beThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will curse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1853DEU2818ewg6figs-idiom0the fruit of your body, the fruit of your groundThis is an idiom for “your children, your crops.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:4](../28/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1854DEU2818xsg2figs-doublet0the increase of your cattle, and the young of your flockThis doublet is two ways of saying that Yahweh will make the Israelites animals many and strong. Alternate translation: “the calves of the cattle and the lambs of the flocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1855DEU2819mk23figs-merism0when you come in…when you go outThis merism refers to all of lifes activities everywhere they go. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:6](../28/06.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1856DEU2820p97ufigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1857DEU2820m9t50curses, confusion, and rebukes“disasters, fear, and frustration”
1858DEU2820bcy3figs-idiom0in all that you put your hand toThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “in everything you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1859DEU2820srg3figs-activepassive0until you are destroyedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until your enemies destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1860DEU2820sy2b0forsaken meHere “me” refers to Yahweh.
1861DEU2821sup80cling to you“remain on you”
1862DEU2822tj8cfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1863DEU2822c1zz0infectious diseases, with fever, with inflammation“diseases and burning fevers that will make you weak.” These all refer to diseases that cause people to grow weak and die.
1864DEU2822su4y0with drought“with lack of rain”
1865DEU2822k5ew0mildewmold that grows on crops and causes them to rot
1866DEU2822btm2figs-personification0These will pursue youMoses speaks of the bad things that would happen to the Israelites as if they were people or animals who would chase after the Israelites. Alternate translation: “You will suffer from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1867DEU2823alx9figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1868DEU2823xf1qfigs-metaphor0skies…will be bronzeMoses speaks of the skies being like bronze because there will be no rain. Alternate translation: “skies…will give no rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1869DEU2823eb3ifigs-metaphor0the earth…will be ironMoses speaks of the earth being like iron because no crops will grow. Alternate translation: “nothing will grow from the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1870DEU2824uz8n0Yahweh will make the rain of your land into powder and dust“instead of rain, Yahweh will send sandstorms”
1871DEU2824zt41figs-activepassive0until you are destroyedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until it destroys you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1872DEU2825b1refigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1873DEU2825z7ybfigs-activepassive0Yahweh will cause you to be struck down before your enemiesThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause your enemies to strike you down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1874DEU2825yi770to be struck down beforeSee how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:7](../28/07.md).
1875DEU2825yfp6translate-numbers0will flee before them seven waysThis means the Israelites will be afraid and panic and run away from their enemies. See similar wording in [Deuteronomy 28:7](../28/07.md). Alternate translation: “you will flee in seven directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1876DEU2825v9plfigs-idiom0seven waysThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “in many different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1877DEU2825k6msfigs-activepassive0You will be tossed to and fro among all the kingdomsThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The peoples of the other nations will drive you from one nation to another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1878DEU2827wb3qfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1879DEU2827q4ig0the boils of Egypt“the same skin disease with which I cursed the Egyptians”
1880DEU2827gf180boils…ulcers, scurvy, and itchThese are different types of skin diseases.
1881DEU2827kvf6figs-activepassive0from which you cannot be healedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “from which no one will be able to heal you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1882DEU2829we8cfigs-simile0You will grope about at noonday like the blind grope in the darkness“You will be like blind people who grope in darkness even at noonday.” The Israelites will have a difficult life even when everyone else is enjoying life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1883DEU2829z6va0you will be always oppressed and robbed“stronger people will always oppress and rob you”
1884DEU2830zt5jfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1885DEU2831gh8ufigs-activepassive0Your ox will be slain before your eyesThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will watch as someone kills your ox” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1886DEU2831rf3yfigs-activepassive0your donkey will be forcibly taken away from before you and will not be restored to youThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone will take your donkey by force and will not give it back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1887DEU2831b24nfigs-activepassive0Your sheep will be given to your enemiesThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will give your sheep to your enemies” or “I will allow your enemies to take your sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1888DEU2832wy9pfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1889DEU2832mic6figs-activepassive0Your sons and your daughters will be given to other peoplesThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will give your sons and your daughters to other peoples” or “Your enemies will take your sons and daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1890DEU2832c24qfigs-synecdoche0your eyes will look for them the entire day, but will fail with longing for themHere “your eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “you will grow tired as you constantly watch for them and long to see them again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1891DEU2832lap6figs-metonymy0There will be no strength in your handHere the metonym “strength in your hand” refers to power. “Alternate translation: “You will be powerless to do anything about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1892DEU2833xbz3figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1893DEU2833db4kfigs-metonymy0a nationHere the metonym “a nation” means the people from a nation. Alternate translation: “people from a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1894DEU2833hvh1figs-doublet0you will always be oppressed and crushedThe words “oppressed” and “crushed” mean basically the same thing. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will always oppress and crush you” or “they will oppress you continually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1895DEU2834f8mx0you will become insane by what you have to see happen“what you see will make you go crazy”
1896DEU2835e9zvfigs-activepassive0from which you cannot be curedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one will be able to cure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1897DEU2836k4cufigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1898DEU2837dwn5figs-doublet0of horror, a proverb, and a byword, among all the peoples where Yahweh will lead you awayHere the words “proverb” and “byword” mean basically the same thing. This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “of horror. The people, in the places where Yahweh will send you, will make up proverbs and bywords about you” or “of horror. Yahweh will send you to peoples who will laugh at you and ridicule you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1899DEU2837lz2g0byworda word or phrase that people use to shame others
1900DEU2838lcl4figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1901DEU2838t8st0but will gather little seed in“but will harvest very little food”
1902DEU2840ht5hfigs-you0General Information:Moses continues describing Gods curses if the people disobey him. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1903DEU2840e99r0but you will not rub any of the oil on yourselfPeople would rub olive oil on themselves to make their skin healthy.
1904DEU2840fi15figs-explicit0your olive trees will drop their fruitYou may need to make explicit that the fruit drops before it is ripe. Alternate translation: “your olive trees will drop their fruit before the fruit is ripe” or “the olives will fall off your olive trees before they are ripe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1905DEU2842if6wfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1906DEU2843cew2figs-genericnoun0The foreigner who isThis does not mean a specific foreigner but refers to foreigners in general. Alternate translation: “The foreigners who are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1907DEU2843j1wifigs-idiom0rise up above you higher and higher; you yourself will come down lower and lowerThis idiom means foreigners will have more power, money, and honor than the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1908DEU2844ls98figs-genericnoun0He will…to himThis does not mean a specific foreigner (verse 43) but refers to foreigners in general. Alternate translation: “They will…to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1909DEU2844wu98figs-metaphor0he will be the head, and you will be the tailThis means foreigners will have more power and authority than the Israelites. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 28:13](../28/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1910DEU2845lv3pfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1911DEU2845l54efigs-metaphor0All these curses will come on you and will pursue and overtake you until you are destroyedMoses describes the curses as a person who would attack them by surprise or chase and catch them. See how you translated something similar in [Deuteronomy 28:2](../28/02.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh will curse you like this in ways that will completely surprise you, and it will be as if he is chasing you and you cannot escape having him curse you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1912DEU2845sp9jfigs-metonymy0to the voice of Yahweh your GodHere the words “voice of Yahweh” are a metonym for what Yahweh said. Alternate translation: “to what Yahweh your God said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1913DEU2845tb8tfigs-doublet0his commandments and his regulationsThe words “commandments” and “regulations” are a doublet for “all that Yahweh has commanded you to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1914DEU2847epc2figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1915DEU2847qt75figs-doublet0joyfulness and gladness of heartHere “joyfulness” and “gladness of heart” mean the same thing. They emphasize that the people should have been very glad to worship Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1916DEU2848y9iafigs-metaphor0He will put a yoke of iron on your neckThis is a metaphor for Yahweh allowing the enemy to treat the Israelites cruelly and make them slaves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1917DEU2849b5ttfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1918DEU2849yl1hfigs-doublet0from far away, from the ends of the earthThese two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the enemy will come from a nation that is very far away from Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1919DEU2849j169figs-idiom0from the ends of the earthThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “from places that you know nothing about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1920DEU2849bjy5figs-simile0like an eagle flies to its victimThis means the enemy will come suddenly and the Israelites will not be able to stop them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1921DEU2850hsb9figs-metonymy0a nation with a fierce face that does not respect the aged and does not show favorThe word “nation” is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “a nation whose people have fierce expressions, who do not respect the aged and do not show favor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1922DEU2851n115figs-activepassive0until you are destroyedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until they destroy you” or “until they leave you with nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1923DEU2852e3i5figs-you0General Information:Moses continues describing the army that will attack the Israelites if they do not obey Yahweh. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1924DEU2852x2h9figs-synecdoche0you in all your city gatesHere the phrase “city gates” represents a city. Alternate translation: “your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1925DEU2853vca7figs-metaphor0the fruit of your own body, the flesh of your sons and of your daughtersHere “the flesh of your sons and of your daughters” explains the metaphor “the fruit of your own body.” The people will be so hungry after the enemy army surrounds their city that they will eat their own children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1926DEU2853swr5figs-metaphor0the fruit of your own bodyThis speaks of children as if they were fruit that was produced by the bodies of their parents. Alternate translation: “your own children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1927DEU2854z4kdfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1928DEU2854g9qb0who is tender and very delicate among you—he“who is tender and very delicate among you—even he.” Moses is saying that not only those one would expect to eat their children, but even the last person one would expect to eat his own children will eat his children.
1929DEU2855h7kbfigs-synecdoche0all your city gatesHere “city gates” represents the cities themselves. Alternate translation: “all your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1930DEU2856x19dfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1931DEU2856ayv7figs-you0The tender and delicate woman among you…tenderness—she“The tender and delicate woman among you…tenderness—even she.” Moses is saying that not only those one would expect to eat their children, but even women of noble birth and normally very gentle, whom one would never expect to eat their children, will eat their children. The word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1932DEU2856sw1rfigs-hyperbole0who would not venture to put the bottom of her foot on the ground for delicateness and tendernessMoses is exaggerating. He is emphasizing that this noble woman is so rich and lives in such luxury that she would not allow herself to get dirty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1933DEU2856u5mzfigs-abstractnouns0for delicateness and tendernessThe abstract nouns “delicateness” and “tenderness” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “because she is so delicate and tender” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1934DEU2857lnt8figs-synecdoche0within your city gatesHere “city gates” represents the cities themselves. Alternate translation: “within your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1935DEU2858x9pffigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1936DEU2858sw6hfigs-activepassive0that are writtenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1937DEU2858uak2figs-metonymy0this glorious and fearful name, Yahweh your GodHere the metonym “name” refers to Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God who is glorious and awesome” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1938DEU2859tu250Yahweh will make your plagues terrible, and those of your descendants“Yahweh will send terrible plagues on you and your descendants” or “Yahweh will make sure that you and your descendants suffer from terrible plagues”
1939DEU2860l1p3figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1940DEU2860c4kpfigs-idiom0He will bring on you again all the diseases of EgyptThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “He will make sure that you again suffer from the diseases of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1941DEU2860qu7dfigs-idiom0they will cling to youThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the diseases will not stop, and no one will be able to heal you of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1942DEU2861ds4xfigs-hyperbole0every sickness and plague that is not writtenHere “every” is a generalization that means “many.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “even other sicknesses and plagues that I have not written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1943DEU2861p5wwfigs-activepassive0until you are destroyedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until he has destroyed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1944DEU2862l59vfigs-you0You will be left…you were like…you did not listenMoses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so all instances of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1945DEU2862hu58figs-simile0you were like the stars of the heavens in numberThis means that in the past there were many Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1946DEU2862j7ulfigs-metonymy0to the voice of YahwehHere the metonym “voice of Yahweh” refers to what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “to what Yahweh says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1947DEU2863mhe6figs-you0Yahweh once rejoiced over you…multiplying you…rejoice over you in making you perish and in destroying you. You will be pluckedMoses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so all instances of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1948DEU2863b3je0Yahweh once rejoiced over you in doing you good, and in multiplying you“Yahweh once enjoyed doing you good and causing you to become many”
1949DEU2863eu1a0he will rejoice over you in making you perish“he will enjoy making you die”
1950DEU2863imz8figs-metaphor0You will be plucked off the land that you are going into to possessMoses uses a metaphor to speak of the people as though they were fruit that Yahweh would take off a bush. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will remove you from the land which you are entering to possess” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1951DEU2863le25figs-you0you are goingMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1952DEU2864xuc8figs-you0scatter you…you will worship…you have not known…you nor your ancestorsMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1953DEU2864l3nkfigs-merism0from the one end of the earth to the other end of the earthThese two extremes together mean everywhere on earth. Alternate translation: “throughout the earth” or “all over the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1954DEU2865j125figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1955DEU2865g15kfigs-synecdoche0there will be no rest for the bottoms of your feetHere the phrase “the bottoms of your feet” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “you will have to continually wander because you have no permanent home where you can rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1956DEU2865n83ifigs-idiom0Yahweh will give you there a trembling heart, failing eyes, and a soul that mournsThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause you to be afraid, without hope, and sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1957DEU2866ckv2figs-idiom0Your life will hang in doubt before youThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “You will not know whether you will live or die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1958DEU2867bik8figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1959DEU2867wac6figs-idiom0because of the fear in your heartsThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “because of the fear you are feeling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1960DEU2867u1ewfigs-synecdoche0the things your eyes will have to seeHere “eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “the terrifying things I will force you to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1961DEU2868et6c0I had saidHere “I” refers to Yahweh.
1962DEU29introif6j0# Deuteronomy 29 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a retelling of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses, along with its blessings and cursing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br>
1963DEU291nsu80These are the words that Yahweh commanded Moses to tellThis refers to words that Moses is about to speak.
1964DEU291b8p60in the land of MoabThis is on the east side of the Jordan where the Israelites were staying before they entered the land of Canaan. “while they were in the land of Moab”
1965DEU291b7xy0words that were added to the covenant…at HorebThese additional commands were given to make Yahwehs covenant apply better to the people once they were settled in their new land. These new commands did not belong to a different covenant, but rather were additions to the original covenant.
1966DEU292ya5pfigs-synecdoche0You have seen everything that Yahweh did before your eyesYahweh expected them to remember what Yahweh had done and they had seen it. Here the “eyes” represent the whole person and emphasize what the person has seen. Alternate translation: “You have seen all that Yahweh did so that you would see and remember what he did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1967DEU292y1s6figs-you0your eyesMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “your” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1968DEU293al38figs-synecdoche0the great sufferings that your eyes sawHere “eyes” emphasizes that Yahweh expected them to remember that they had seen it. Alternate translation: “you saw for yourselves that the people suffered terribly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1969DEU293tl81figs-doublet0the signs, and those great wondersThe words “signs” and “wonders” both refer to the plagues that Yahweh had sent upon Egypt. Alternate translation: “and all of the powerful things that Yahweh did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1970DEU294mh61figs-metonymy0Yahweh has not given you a heart to know, eyes to see, or ears to hearThe people do have hearts, eyes, and ears. This metonym says that Yahweh has not enabled them to understand from what they saw and heard who Yahweh is, and how and why they should obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1971DEU294u59cfigs-idiom0given you a heart to knowThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “enabled you to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1972DEU295p5xi0I have led youYahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
1973DEU295rbp5translate-numbers0forty years“40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1974DEU295g59zfigs-you0your sandals…your feetMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “your” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1975DEU296cv6m0other alcoholic drinksAlcoholic drinks made probably from fermented grains. They were not distilled liquors.
1976DEU297d31m0Sihon, the king of Heshbon, and Og, the king of BashanSee how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
1977DEU297i2yhfigs-inclusive0came out against usHere “us” refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1978DEU299ze3jfigs-parallelism0keep the words of this covenant and do themThese two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the people were to obey Yahwehs commands. Alternate translation: “obey all the words of this covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1979DEU2910it8r0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1980DEU2911b36yfigs-you0among you in your camp…your wood…your waterMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1981DEU2911vw3vfigs-genericnoun0the foreigner who is among you in your camp, from him who cuts your wood to him who drawsThere were many foreigners among the Israelites. Alternate translation: “the foreigners who are among you in your camp, from those who cut your wood to those who get your water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1982DEU2912p568figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1983DEU2912yb790to enter into the covenant of Yahweh your God and into the oath that Yahweh your God is making with you today“to agree to the covenant and to swear that you will obey all that Yahweh your God commands”
1984DEU2913nv7p0a people for himself“a people group that belongs to him alone”
1985DEU2914p3sa0I am makingHere “I” refers to Yahweh. “Yahweh is making”
1986DEU2915sv230standing here with usHere “us” refers to Moses and the people of Israel.
1987DEU2915n7380those who are not here“our future descendants, who are not here”
1988DEU2916ef560we lived“we were slaves”
1989DEU2918tf4zfigs-synecdoche0whose heart is turning away today from Yahweh our GodHere “heart” refers to the whole person, and “turning away” means to stop obeying. Alternate translation: “who no longer obeys Yahweh our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1990DEU2918yq9nfigs-metaphor0any root that produces gall and wormwoodMoses speaks of someone who secretly worships another God as if he were a root, and the evil deeds he does to serve that god, and which he encourages others to do, as a bitter plant that poisons people. Alternate translation: “any person who worships idols and causes others to disobey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1991DEU2919u5ww0that personThe person described in verse 18.
1992DEU2919ydt9figs-idiom0bless himself in his heartThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “congratulate himself” or “encourage himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1993DEU2919l8arfigs-idiom0though I walk in the stubbornness of my heartThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “even though I still refuse to obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1994DEU2919rq4sfigs-metaphor0This would destroy the wet together with the dryHere the words “wet” and “dry” are metaphors for the righteous people and the wicked people. This forms a merism for “everyone.” Alternate translation: “This would cause Yahweh to destroy both the righteous people and the wicked people in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1995DEU2919qq8rfigs-nominaladj0wet…dryThese nominal adjectives can be translated as nouns. Because the land was usually dry and the people needed rain so their crops would grow, these words are metaphors for “living…dead” or “good…bad.” Alternate translation: “wet things…dry things” or “good people…bad people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1996DEU2920zp3xfigs-metaphor0the anger of Yahweh and his jealousy will smolderJust as a fire can grow in intensity, so can Gods anger and Jealousy grow in intensity. Alternate translation: “Yahwehs jealous anger will grow like a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1997DEU2920ud3qfigs-hendiadys0the anger of Yahweh and his jealousyHere the word “jealousy” describes “the anger of Yahweh.” Alternate translation: Yahwehs jealous anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
1998DEU2920c39zfigs-activepassive0that are writtenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1999DEU2920v4lvfigs-metaphor0the curses that are written in this book will come on himMoses describes the curses as a person who would attack them by surprise. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 28:15](../28/15.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh will curse him with the curses written in this book in ways that will completely surprise him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2000DEU2920h57e0Yahweh will blot out his name from under heavenThis means God will completely destroy the person and his family. In the future people will not remember him. A similar phrase appears in [Deuteronomy 7:24](../07/24.md).
2001DEU2922j9qf0The generation to come, your children who will rise up after youThe words “your children…after you” tell who “the generation to come” is.
2002DEU2923n8yz0when they see that the whole land has become sulfur and burning saltPeople put sulfur and salt on the soil to keep anything from growing. “when they see that Yahweh has burned the land with sulfur and salt”
2003DEU2923g15sfigs-activepassive0where nothing is sown or bears fruitThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where no one can sow seed and the crops do not bear fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2004DEU2923bw2x0like the overthrow of Sodom and GomorrahThe abstract noun “overthrow” can be translated as a clause. Alternate translation: “as when Yahweh completely destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah”
2005DEU2923j85xtranslate-names0Admah and ZeboyimThese are names of cities that Yahweh destroyed along with Sodom and Gomorrah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2006DEU2924j5xgfigs-quotations0they will say together with all the other nations…mean?This can be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “they will ask with all the other nations why Yahweh has done this to the land, and what the heat of this great anger means.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2007DEU2924z3lu0they will say together with all the other nations“your descendants and the people of all the other nations will say”
2008DEU2924v7xxfigs-hendiadys0What does the heat of this great anger mean?The writer is communicating one idea through two words. Alternate translation: “What does this terrible anger mean?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
2009DEU2925j9gr0It is because they abandoned the covenant of Yahweh, the God of their ancestorsThis is the answer to “Why has Yahweh done this to this land?” ([Deuteronomy 29:24](../29/24.md)). “Yahweh has done this to the land because the Israelites did not follow the promises and the laws of his covenant”
2010DEU2926p4qx0served other gods and bowed down to them“obeyed other gods and worshiped them”
2011DEU2927p8msfigs-metaphor0the anger of Yahweh has been kindled against this landMoses compares Yahweh being angry to someone starting a fire. This emphasizes Gods power to destroy whatever makes him angry, and it can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has became very angry with this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2012DEU2927p9t6figs-metonymy0this land, so as to bring on itHere “land” is a metonym representing the people. Alternate translation: “the people of this land, so as to bring on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2013DEU2927wp7hfigs-activepassive0that are writtenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2014DEU2928q4ktfigs-metaphor0Yahweh has uprooted them from their land…and has thrown themIsrael is compared to a bad plant that Yahweh has pulled up and thrown out of a garden. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has removed them from their land…and has forced them to go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2015DEU2928jz72figs-doublet0in anger, in wrath, and in great furyThe words “anger” and “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the great intensity of Yahwehs anger. Alternate translation: “in extremely great anger” or “because he was extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2016DEU2929d1e50The secret matters belong alone to Yahweh our God“Some things Yahweh our God has not revealed, and only he knows them”
2017DEU2929v7vafigs-activepassive0that are revealedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that he has revealed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2018DEU2929ui8w0we may do all the words of this law“we may do everything that this law commands us to do”
2019DEU30introyx9f0# Deuteronomy 30 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Moses begins to give final instructions to Israel before his death in anticipation of their entrance into the Promised Land. There were warnings and blessings associated with the peoples obedience to the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br>
2020DEU301rkk4figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2021DEU301pfr8figs-idiom0When all these things have come on youHere “these things” refer to the blessings and curses described in chapters 28-29. The phrase “have come on you” is an idiom that means to happen. Alternate translation: “When all these things happen to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2022DEU301k5mifigs-metaphor0that I have set before youThis speaks of the blessings and curses that Moses told the people as if they were objects that he set in front of them. Alternate translation: “that I have just now told you about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2023DEU301rtn6figs-idiom0call them to mindThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2024DEU301qk910among all the other nations“while you are living in the other nations”
2025DEU301ug750has driven you“has forced you to go”
2026DEU302edl2figs-metonymy0obey his voiceHere “voice” is referring to what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2027DEU302s239figs-metonymy0with all your heart and with all your soulHere “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a persons inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2028DEU303m7q5figs-abstractnouns0reverse your captivity“free you from your captivity.” The abstract noun “captivity” can be translated as a verbal clause. Alternate translation: “free you from those who had captured you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2029DEU304icb7figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2030DEU304g1290If any of your exiled people are in the farthest places“Even those of your exiled people who are in the farthest places”
2031DEU304w6nm0under the heavens“under the sky” or “on the earth”
2032DEU306iv7ffigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2033DEU306dul8figs-metaphor0circumcise your heartThis is not a literal removal of flesh. It means God will remove their sin and enable them to love and obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2034DEU306d25zfigs-metonymy0with all your heart and with all your soulHere “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a persons inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2035DEU307n367figs-metaphor0will put all these curses on your enemiesMoses speaks of curses as though they were a load or a cover that someone could physically put on top of a person. Alternate translation: “will cause your enemies to suffer from these curses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2036DEU308fpp4figs-metonymy0obey the voice of YahwehHere “voice” means what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “obey what Yahweh says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2037DEU309k3ddfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2038DEU309ws1qfigs-synecdoche0the work of your handHere “hand” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “in all the work you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2039DEU309r217figs-idiom0in the fruit of your body…in the fruit of your cattle…in the fruit of your groundThese three phrases are idioms for “in children…in calves…in crops.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 28:4](../28/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2040DEU3010w16ufigs-activepassive0that are writtenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2041DEU3010vv69figs-metonymy0with all your heart and all your soulHere “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a persons inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2042DEU3011lxg9figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2043DEU3011wls8figs-metaphor0neither is it too far for you to reachMoses speaks of being able to understand what a commandment requires a person to do as if it were that person being able to reach a physical object. Alternate translation: “neither is it too difficult for you to understand what Yahweh requires you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2044DEU3012lu7sfigs-rquestion0Who will go up for us to heaven and bring it down to us and make us able to hear it, so that we may do it?Here Moses uses a rhetorical question to emphasize that the people of Israel think that Yahwehs commands are too difficult for them to know. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Someone must travel to heaven to learn Gods commands and then return to tell us what they are so we can obey them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2045DEU3013nd92figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2046DEU3013fw31figs-rquestion0Who will go over the sea for us and bring it to us and make us to hear it, so that we may do it?This rhetorical question continues the idea that the people of Israel think Yahwehs commands are too difficult to know. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Someone must travel across the sea to learn Gods commands and then return and tell us what they are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2047DEU3014p17gfigs-metonymy0in your mouth and your heartThis means that the people already know Gods commands and can tell them to others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2048DEU3015m7gmfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2049DEU3015d23ffigs-metaphor0I have placed before youPutting something where another person can see it is a metaphor for telling someone about something. Alternate translation: “I have told you about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2050DEU3015bn6kfigs-explicit0life and good, death and evilYou can make clear the implicit information. Alternate translation: “what is good and will cause you to live, and what is evil and will cause you to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2051DEU3016jh9g0multiplyincrease greatly in number
2052DEU3017ej9afigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2053DEU3017a2vlfigs-synecdoche0if your heart turns away…but instead are drawn away and bow down to other gods and worship themHere “heart” refers to the whole person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if you stop being loyal to God…and the people living in the land convince you to bow down and worship other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2054DEU3018sr3zfigs-you0to you today that you…you will not prolong your daysMoses speaks to the Israelites as a group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2055DEU3018ee9yfigs-metaphor0prolong your daysLong days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2056DEU3019t3jifigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2057DEU3019gap6figs-metonymy0I call heaven and earth to witnessPossible meanings are 1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says, or 2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
2058DEU3019qj9t0to witness against you“to be willing to say that you have done evil things”
2059DEU3019wxe8figs-you0against you todayMoses speaks to the Israelites as a group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2060DEU3020k5mzfigs-metonymy0obey his voiceHere “voice” refers to what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2061DEU3020sbp20to cling to him“to rely on him”
2062DEU3020x4gpfigs-doublet0For he is your life and the length of your daysThese phrases have the same meaning and are metonyms for Yahweh, emphasizing that he is the one who gives life and determines the length of peoples lifetimes. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the only one who can enable you to live a long life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2063DEU3020qi8gfigs-ellipsis0swore to your ancestorsThe ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “swore that he would give to your ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2064DEU31intropki90# Deuteronomy 31 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Final instructions<br>In the Ancient Near East, it was common for an important leader to give instructions for his people to follow after his death. In this chapter, Moses begins his final words to the people of Israel. These are words that he wants them to remember long after he is gone. This section also helped to make a smooth transition to Joshuas leadership.<br>
2065DEU312mb3itranslate-numbers0one hundred twenty years old“120 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2066DEU312bvw8figs-merism0I can no more go out and come inHere the extremes “go out” and “come in” used together mean that Moses can no longer do what a healthy person can do. Alternate translation: “I am no longer able to go everywhere that you need to go, so I cannot be your leader any longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2067DEU313ep95figs-you0your God…before you…before you…you will dispossess…before youMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2068DEU313cll70you will dispossess them“you will take their land”
2069DEU313p8q60Joshua, he will go over before you, as Yahweh has spoken“Joshua will lead you across the river, as Yahweh promised”
2070DEU314nu6r0General Information:Moses continues speaking to the Israelites.
2071DEU314b8wjfigs-synecdoche0he did to Sihon and to Og, the kings of the AmoritesHere “Sihon” and “Og” refer to two Kings of the Amorites and their armies. See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “he did to Sihon and Og, the kings of the Amorites, and to their armies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2072DEU316m79v0Be strong and of good courage“Be strong and courageous”
2073DEU316lr5n0fear not, and do not be afraid of them“do not fear them at all”
2074DEU316i5mifigs-you0Yahweh your God…with you…fail you nor forsake youMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2075DEU316b7b9figs-litotes0he will not fail you nor forsake youThis can be treated as litotes and translated positively. Alternate translation: “he will always fulfill his promise to you and will always be with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
2076DEU317s174figs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2077DEU317r36vfigs-metonymy0in the sight of all IsraelThis means that all of the people of Israel were present. Alternate translation: “in the presence of all the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2078DEU317ht4a0Be strong and of good courage“Be strong and courageous.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 31:5](../31/05.md).
2079DEU317t7sv0you will cause them to inherit it“you will help them take the land”
2080DEU319a6vj0gave it out to the priests, the sons of Levi“gave it out to the Levites, who are the priests”
2081DEU3110ani6translate-numbers0seven years“7 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2082DEU3110sy4p0fixed for the cancellation of debts“for canceling debts”
2083DEU3110d2me0Festival of SheltersOther names for this festival are “Feast of Tabernacles,” “Festival of Booths,” and “Feast of the Ingathering.” During harvest, farmers would set up temporary shelters in the field. This festival took place after the last harvest of the year. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 16:13](../16/13.md).
2084DEU3111pt7mfigs-you0Yahweh your God…you will read- Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2085DEU3111c11z0in their hearing“so that they can hear it”
2086DEU3112rlg20General Information:Moses continues speaking to the priests and the elders.
2087DEU3112rtx9figs-synecdoche0your foreigner who is within your city gatesHere “city gates” represents the cities themselves. Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the instances of “your” here are singular. Alternate translation: “your foreigners who live in your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2088DEU3112j1rq0keep all the words of this law“carefully obey all the commands in this law”
2089DEU3114ji2r0Look, the“Pay attention to what I am about to tell you. The”
2090DEU3115m71w0a pillar of cloudThis was a thick cloud of smoke in the shape of an upright column.
2091DEU3116f7i50Look, you“Pay attention to what I am going to tell you. You”
2092DEU3116m76mfigs-euphemism0you will sleep with your fathersThis is a polite way to say “you will die.” Alternate translation: “you will die and join your ancestors who have died before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2093DEU3116d9q3figs-metaphor0will rise up and act like a prostituteBeing a prostitute is a metaphor for worshiping gods other than Yahweh. Alternate translation: “will start to be unfaithful to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2094DEU3117b1z80General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
2095DEU3117l9kjfigs-metaphor0my anger will be kindled against themYahweh compares his anger to someone starting a fire. This emphasizes Gods power to destroy whatever makes him angry. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will kindle my anger against them” or “I will become angry with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2096DEU3117zg57figs-idiom0I will hide my face from themThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will not help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2097DEU3117zr99figs-activepassive0they will be devouredThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will devour them” or “I will allow their enemies to devour them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2098DEU3117sz2ffigs-metaphor0devouredThis is a metaphor for “completely destroyed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2099DEU3117qw7gfigs-personification0Many disasters and troubles will find themThis describes the disasters and troubles as if they were human. Alternate translation: “They will experience many disasters and troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2100DEU3117l3gefigs-personification0Have these disasters not come upon us…midst?This describes the disasters and troubles as if they were human. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “These disasters are destroying me…midst.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2101DEU3117m6pv0our God is not in our midst“God is no longer protecting us” or “God has left us alone”
2102DEU3119j9x40General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses about the Israelites.
2103DEU3119h2xqfigs-idiom0Put it in their mouthsThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Make them memorize and sing it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2104DEU3120i9lu0a land flowing with milk and honeyThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md).
2105DEU3121z4dqfigs-personification0When many evils and troubles come upon this peopleHere evils and troubles are described as if they were human and could find people. Alternate translation: “When this people experiences many evils and troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2106DEU3121x1jhfigs-personification0this song will testify before them as a witnessThis speaks of the song as if it were a human witness testifying in court against Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2107DEU3121tb8bfigs-activepassive0it will not be forgotten from the mouths of their descendantsThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “their descendants will not forget to keep it in their mouths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2108DEU3121s5jefigs-activepassive0it will not be forgotten from the mouths of their descendantsThis can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “their descendants will remember to keep it in their mouths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2109DEU3121fly7figs-activepassive0it will not be forgotten from the mouths of their descendantsThe idiom “forget it from the mouth” means to stop speaking about it. Alternate translation: “their descendants will not stop speaking about it to each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2110DEU3121th4pfigs-metaphor0the plans that they are formingWhat people plan to do is spoken of as if it were a physical object. Alternate translation: “what they plan to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2111DEU3121y4kpfigs-explicit0the land that I promisedGods promise of the land was to give it to the people of Israel. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the land that I promised I would give to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2112DEU3123g5sl0Be strong and of good courage“Be strong and courageous.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 31:5](../31/05.md).
2113DEU3126f3zdfigs-you0witness against youMoses speaks to the Levites as if they were one man, so the word “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2114DEU3127q9j80General Information:Moses continues speaking to the Levites about all the Israelite people.
2115DEU3127dc8vfigs-you0your rebellion and your stiff neckMoses speaks to the Levites as if they were one man, so the word “your” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2116DEU3127e3am0your stiff neckSee how you translated “stubborn” in [Deuteronomy 9:6](../09/06.md).
2117DEU3127yin7figs-rquestion0how much more after my death?This rhetorical question emphasizes how rebellious the people were. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will be even more rebellious after I die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2118DEU3128ge9zfigs-synecdoche0so that I may speak these words in their earsHere “in their ears” means the people themselves. Alternate translation: “so that I may speak the words of this song to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2119DEU3128rbf8figs-metonymy0call heaven and earth to witness against themPossible meanings are 1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or 2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. A similar phrase appears in [Deuteronomy 30:19](../30/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
2120DEU3129h4je0you will utterly corrupt yourselves“you will do what is completely wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md).
2121DEU3129w6b10turn aside out of the path that I have commanded you“stop following the instructions I have given to you.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 9:12](../09/12.md).
2122DEU3129yvi1figs-metaphor0what is evil in the sight of YahwehThe sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what is evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2123DEU3129i596figs-synecdoche0through the work of your handsHere “your hands” means the people themselves. Alternate translation: “because of what you have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2124DEU3130upf2figs-synecdoche0Moses recited in the ears of all the assembly of IsraelHere “ears” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “Moses recited to all the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2125DEU3130ilp60recitedPossible meanings are 1) “sang” or 2) “spoke.”
2126DEU3130wx6qfigs-ellipsis0the words of this songYou can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “the words of the song that Yahweh taught him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2127DEU32intropup60# Deuteronomy 32 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 32:1-43.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Punishment<br>This chapter prophesies a time when Israel will be disobedient to Yahweh and he will have to punish them. This is meant to serve as a warning to the nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br>
2128DEU321bfi8figs-parallelism0General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2129DEU321hf89figs-apostrophe0Give ear, you heavens…Let the earth listenYahweh speaks to the heavens and earth as if they are there listening. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is speaking to the inhabitants of heaven and earth or 2) Yahweh is speaking to the heavens and earth as if they are persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
2130DEU322zk7lfigs-simile0Let my teaching drop down like the rain…and like the showers on the plantsThis means Yahweh wants the people to eagerly accept his helpful teaching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2131DEU322x67x0distillUse the word in your language for the process by which dew appears.
2132DEU322s3mw0dewwater that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings
2133DEU322g6mn0tender grass“new plants”
2134DEU322gkm40showersheavy rain
2135DEU323y1fafigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2136DEU323bah6figs-idiom0proclaim the name of YahwehThis is an idiom. “tell how good Yahweh is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2137DEU323uf820ascribe greatness to our God“make sure people know that our God is great”
2138DEU324xcv2figs-metaphor0The RockThis a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2139DEU324vh3k0his work“everything he does”
2140DEU324xtg1figs-metaphor0all his paths are justWalking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Alternate translation: “he does everything in a just way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2141DEU324j65cfigs-doublet0He is just and uprightThese two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh is fair and does what is right. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2142DEU325ehu3figs-parallelism0General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2143DEU325exs20acted corruptly against him“opposed him by doing what is wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md).
2144DEU325k81bfigs-doublet0a perverted and crooked generationThe words “perverted” and “crooked” mean basically the same thing. Moses uses them to emphasize how wicked the generation is. Alternate translation: “a completely wicked generation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2145DEU326tfw7figs-rquestion0Do you reward Yahweh in this way…people?Moses uses a question to scold the people. Alternate translation: “You should give Yahweh proper praise…people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2146DEU326bwz6figs-doublet0you foolish and senseless peopleThe words “foolish” and “senseless” mean the same thing and emphasize how foolish the people are for disobeying Yahweh. Alternate translation: “you extremely foolish people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2147DEU326m2g10your father…has created you…made you and established youMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
2148DEU326aeq8figs-rquestion0Is he not your father, the one who has created you?Moses uses a question to scold the people. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is your father and the one who created you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2149DEU327ks260General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel.
2150DEU327ki4qfigs-you0Call to mind…think about…your father…show you…your elders…tell youMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2151DEU327a5hdfigs-idiom0Call to mindThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2152DEU327ksl40days of ancient times“days of long ago.” Moses refers to the time period when the ancestors of the people of Israel were alive.
2153DEU327aba7figs-parallelism0think about the years of many ages pastThis is a repetition of what Moses just said in the previous portion. Moses wants the people of Israel to focus on their history as a nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2154DEU327p9u50he will show you“he will make it clear to you” or “he will enable you to understand it”
2155DEU328q59ufigs-idiom0gave the nations their inheritanceThis is an idiom. “put the nations in the places where they would live.” Similar words, “giving to you as an inheritance,” appear in [Deuteronomy 4:21](../04/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2156DEU328vz2i0he set the boundaries of the peoples, as he also fixed the number of their godsGod assigned each people group, together with its gods, to its own territory. In this way, he limited the influence of a people groups idols.
2157DEU329zcj3figs-parallelism0General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. As he speaks to the Israelites, he talks about them as if they were someone else and as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2158DEU329j71rfigs-parallelism0For Yahwehs portion is his people; Jacob is his apportioned inheritanceThese two phrases means basically the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Jacob are Yahwehs inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2159DEU3210b2tx0He found him…shielded him and cared for him…guarded him“He found Jacob…shielded him and cared for him…guarded him” You may need to translate this as if Moses were talking about the Israelites as many people. Alternate translation: “He found our ancestors…shielded them and cared for them…guarded them”
2160DEU3210lv7u0howling wildernessHere “howling” refers to the sound the wind makes as it blows through the empty land.
2161DEU3210q44yfigs-idiom0he guarded him as the apple of his eyeThis is an idiom. The apple of an eye refers to the dark part inside the eyeball that allows a person to see. This is a very important and sensitive part of the body. This means that the people of Israel are very important to God and something he protects. Alternate translation: “he protected him as something very valuable and precious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2162DEU3211x9dvfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2163DEU3211up27figs-simile0As an eagle that guards her nest and flutters over her young, Yahweh spread out his wings and took them, and carried them on his pinionsThis means Yahweh watched over and protected the Israelites while they were in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2164DEU3211wh5r0pinionsthe outer edges of a birds wings
2165DEU3212wp5efigs-pronouns0led him…with himMoses again speaks of the Israelites as “Jacob” ([Deuteronomy 32:9](./09.md)). You may need to translate as if Moses were speaking of the Israelites as many people. Alternate translation: “led them…with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
2166DEU3213kx8rfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2167DEU3213sq4vfigs-idiom0He made him ride on high places of the landThis is an idiom. The word “him” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made them ride on high places of the land” or “Yahweh helped them take and occupy the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2168DEU3213jg4hfigs-pronouns0made him ride…fed him…nourished himMoses continues to speak of the Israelites as “Jacob” ([Deuteronomy 32:9](./09.md)). You may need to translate this as though Moses were speaking of the Israelites as many people. Alternate translation: “made our ancestors ride…fed them…nourished them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
2169DEU3213t4p50he fed him the fruits of the field“he brought him to a land with plenty of crops he could eat”
2170DEU3213wlf50he nourished him with honey from the rock, and oil from the flinty cragThe land had many wild bees, which produce honey, with hives inside rock holes. There were also many olive trees, which provide oil, and grow on rocks, hills, and mountains.
2171DEU3213yp29figs-metaphor0nourished him with honeyThis is like a mother giving her breast to an infant. “allowed him to suck honey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2172DEU3214dg9lfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2173DEU3214dt4wfigs-pronouns0He ateMoses continues to speak of the Israelites as “Jacob” ([Deuteronomy 32:9](./09.md)). You may need to translate as though Moses were speaking of the Israelites as many people. Alternate translation: “Our ancestors ate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
2174DEU3214u9ig0fat of lambs, rams of Bashan and goatsThe people of Israel had many healthy herd animals.
2175DEU3215g93yfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses continues speaking his poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2176DEU3215i1m2translate-names0JeshurunMoses speaks of the Israelites as if they were a well-fed animal whose owner named it Jeshurun. You may add a footnote that says, “The name Jeshurun means upright one.’” If your language cannot speak of the Israelites as Jeshurun, you may refer to the Israelites as many people, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2177DEU3215ly6mfigs-metaphor0the Rock of his salvationThis means Yahweh is strong like a rock and able to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2178DEU3215dy92figs-metaphor0the RockThis a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:4](../32/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2179DEU3216a41m0They made Yahweh jealousThe Israelites made Yahweh jealous.
2180DEU3217u97efigs-you0General Information:Moses continues to speak his song to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2181DEU3217c5ir0They sacrificed“The people of Israel sacrificed”
2182DEU3217hw1l0gods that recently appearedThis means the Israelites recently learned about these gods.
2183DEU3217m59hfigs-you0your fathersMoses is speaking to the Israelites as many people, so the word “your” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2184DEU3218ch18figs-you0You have deserted…your father…you forgot…gave youMoses is speaking to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2185DEU3218mpu7figs-metaphor0You have deserted the RockHere Yahweh is called the rock because he is strong and protective. Alternate translation: “You have left the protective care of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2186DEU3218ul7nfigs-metaphor0the RockThis a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:4](../32/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2187DEU3218y9b3figs-metaphor0who became your father…who gave you birthThis compares Yahweh to a father and a mother. This means God caused them to live and to be a nation. Alternate translation: “who fathered you…who gave life to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2188DEU3219yfx6figs-parallelism0General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2189DEU3219eca4figs-metaphor0his sons and his daughtersThis refers to the people of Israel whom Yahweh gave life to and made into a nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2190DEU3220jv62figs-idiom0I will hide my face from themThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will turn away from them” or “I will stop helping them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2191DEU3220klx80I will see what their end will be“I will see what happens to them”
2192DEU3221pb9zfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahwehs words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2193DEU3221ya830They have made me jealousHere “me” refers to Yahweh.
2194DEU3221sa140what is not god“what are false gods”
2195DEU3221qj69figs-explicit0worthless thingsYou may need to make explicit what the “things” are. Alternate translation: “worthless idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2196DEU3221vst40those who are not a people“people who do not belong to one people group”
2197DEU3221zd9q0foolish nationTranslate “foolish” as in [Deuteronomy 32:6](../32/06.md).
2198DEU3222wb8bfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahwehs words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2199DEU3222i1blfigs-metaphor0For a fire is kindled by my anger…foundations of the mountainsYahweh compares his anger to a fire. This emphasizes his power to destroy what makes him angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2200DEU3222nll8figs-activepassive0a fire is kindled by my anger and is burning…it is devouring…it is settingThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I start a fire because I am angry, and it burns…it is devouring…it is setting” or “when I am angry, I destroy my enemies like a fire, and I destroy everything on earth and in…I devour…I set” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2201DEU3222eis30to the lowest Sheol“even to the world of the dead”
2202DEU3223g9k3figs-parallelism0General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahwehs words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2203DEU3223p1xbfigs-metaphor0I will heap disasters on themYahweh speaks of bad things that would happen to the Israelites as if they were something like dirt that he could pile up on top of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I will make sure that many bad things happen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2204DEU3223ys8xfigs-metaphor0I will shoot all my arrows at themHere Yahweh compares the bad things he will make sure happen to the Israelites to someone shooting arrows from a bow. Alternate translation: “I will do all I can do to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2205DEU3224vr46figs-activepassive0They will be wasted by hungerThis can be stated in active form. The abstract noun “hunger” can be translated as the verb “be hungry.” Alternate translation: “They will grow weak and die because they are hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2206DEU3224sj74figs-activepassive0They will…hunger and devoured by burning heat and bitter destructionPossible meanings of “burning heat” are 1) the Israelites will suffer from fevers or 2) the weather will be unusually hot during a drought or famine. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They will…hunger, and burning heat and terrible disasters will devour them” or “They will…hunger, and they will die from burning heat and terrible disasters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2207DEU3224l8d2figs-synecdoche0I will send on them the teeth of wild animals, with the poison of things that crawl in the dustThe teeth and the poison are synecdoches for the animals that use these things to kill. Alternate translation: “I will send wild animals to bite them, and things that crawl in the dust to bite and poison them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2208DEU3225ci4tfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahwehs words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2209DEU3225fy8efigs-metonymy0Outside the sword will bereaveHere “sword” represents the army of the enemy. Alternate translation: “When the Israelites are outside, the enemy army will kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2210DEU3225kgf9figs-personification0terror will do soYahweh speaks of being afraid as if it were a person who comes into a house and kills those who live in it. Alternate translation: “you will die because you are afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2211DEU3225mhn4figs-merism0young man and virgin, the nursing baby, and the man of gray hairsThese terms describing people of different ages are combined to mean that all kinds of people will die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2212DEU3226p3icfigs-quotations0I said that I would…away, that I would…mankind.This can be translated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “I said, I will…away, and I will…mankind.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2213DEU3226ly170I would make the memory of them to cease from among mankind“I would make all people forget about them”
2214DEU3227b351figs-parallelism0General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahwehs words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2215DEU3227gg1k0Were it not that I feared the provocation of the enemy“I was afraid of the provocation of the enemy”
2216DEU3227vz7efigs-abstractnouns0the provocation of the enemyThis abstract noun can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “that the enemy would provoke me” or “that the enemy would cause me to be angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2217DEU3227lw79figs-pronouns0the enemyYahweh speaks of his enemies as if they are one man. Alternate translation: “my enemy” or “my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
2218DEU3227w8l70judge mistakenly“misunderstand”
2219DEU3227sbq8figs-metonymy0Our hand is exaltedHere “hand” represents the strength or power of a person. To be exalted is an idiom for defeating an enemy. Alternate translation: “We have defeated them because we are more powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2220DEU3228uqg7figs-parallelism0General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahwehs words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2221DEU3229p62hfigs-hypo0Oh, that they were wise, that they understood this, that they would consider their coming fateMoses states something that he wishes were true, but he knows that they are not wise and do not understand that their disobedience will cause Yahweh to bring this disaster on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
2222DEU3229c7cmfigs-abstractnouns0their coming fateThe abstract noun “fate” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “what is going to happen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2223DEU3230u5exfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahwehs words and tell them more of what they would have understood if they were wise ([Deuteronomy 32:29](../32/29.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2224DEU3230qr7hfigs-rquestion0How could one chase a thousand…Yahweh had given them up?Moses uses a question to scold the people for not being wise enough to understand why their enemies are defeating them. This question can be translated as a statement as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2225DEU3230vu9ltranslate-numbers0How could one chase a thousand, and two put ten thousand to flightYou can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “How could 1 enemy soldier chase 1,000 of your men, and 2 enemy soldiers cause 10,000 of your men to run away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2226DEU3230v82yfigs-metaphor0unless their Rock had sold themThe word “Rock” refers to Yahweh who is strong and able to protect his people. Alternate translation: “unless Yahweh, their Rock, had handed them over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2227DEU3230tv28figs-metaphor0their Rock“The Rock” here is a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. Translate “Rock” as in [Deuteronomy 32:4](../32/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2228DEU3231d2nyfigs-metaphor0our Rock“The Rock” here is a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. Translate “Rock” as in [Deuteronomy 32:4](../32/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2229DEU3231r1wx0our enemies rock is not like our RockThe enemies idols and false gods are not powerful like Yahweh.
2230DEU3231lbx70just as even our enemies admit“not only do we say so, but our enemies say so also”
2231DEU3232a5z3figs-parallelism0General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahwehs words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2232DEU3232tch7figs-metaphor0For their vine comes from the vine of Sodom…clusters are bitterMoses compares enemies who worship false gods to the wicked people who lived in Sodom and Gomorrah and to grapevines that produce poisonous fruit. This means their enemies are wicked and will cause the Israelites to die if the Israelites start to act like the people who live around them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2233DEU3232l3dufigs-metaphor0their vine comes from the vine of Sodom, and from the fields of GomorrahThe vine is a metaphor for the people group. “it is as if their vine were a branch of the vines that grew in the fields of Sodom and Gomorrah” or Alternate translation: “they do evil the same way the people who lived in Sodom and Gomorrah did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2234DEU3232i5fv0their clusters“their clusters of grapes”
2235DEU3233y87kfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahwehs words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2236DEU3233zwn7figs-metaphor0Their wine is the poison of serpents and the cruel venom of aspsMoses continues comparing the enemies of the people of Israel to grapevines that produce poisonous fruit and wine. This means their enemies are wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2237DEU3233rck80aspspoisonous snakes
2238DEU3234eti9figs-rquestion0Is not this plan secretly kept by me, sealed up among my treasures?This question emphasizes that Yahwehs plans for the people of Israel are kept secret like a valuable treasure. The rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I know what I have planned to do to the Israelite people and to their enemies, and I have locked up those plans as someone would lock up his valuable possessions.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2239DEU3235wr4gfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. This is the end of Mosess quotation of Yahwehs words that begins in [Deuteronomy 32:20](../32/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2240DEU3235sg4mfigs-doublet0Vengeance is mine to give, and recompenseThe words “vengeance” and “recompense” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “I will have vengeance and punish Israels enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2241DEU3235v1h20recompenseto punish or reward a person for what he has done
2242DEU3235dj8gfigs-idiom0their foot slipsSomething bad has happened to them. Alternate translation: “they are helpless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2243DEU3235ad9x0the day of disaster for them“the time for me to destroy them”
2244DEU3235jvl7figs-metaphor0the things that are to come on them will hurry to happenYahweh speaks of the bad things that will happen to his enemies as if the bad things were people running eagerly to punish them. Alternate translation: “I will punish them quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2245DEU3236h6tbfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses continues to speak a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2246DEU3236z7w2figs-abstractnouns0For Yahweh will give justice to his peopleThe abstract noun “justice” can be translated as an adjective or as an adverb. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh will do what is just for his people” or “For Yahweh will act justly towards his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2247DEU3236s7w90he will pity his servants“he will feel that he needs to help his servants”
2248DEU3237y7lsfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2249DEU3238en77figs-rquestion0The gods who ate the fat of their sacrifices and drank the wine of their drink offerings?Here Yahweh mocks the people of Israel for offering sacrifices to other gods. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “The gods to whom the Israelites offered meat and wine have not come to help them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2250DEU3238vtv4figs-irony0Let them rise up and help you; let them be your protectionYahweh says this to mock the Israelites. He knows these gods cannot help them. Alternate translation: “These idols are not even able to get up and help or to protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
2251DEU3239rkh6figs-parallelism0General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2252DEU3239kii30I, even I“I, I myself” or “I, I alone.” Yahweh repeats “I” to emphasize that only he is God.
2253DEU3240wwk70I lift up my hand to heaven and say“I lift up my hand to heaven and swear” or “I have taken an oath.” Lifting up the hand is a sign of making an oath.
2254DEU3240la6k0As I live forever“As certainly as I live forever” or “I swear by my life which is never-ending.” This statement assures the people that what God says in [Deuteronomy 32:41](../32/41.md)-[Deuteronomy 32:42](./42.md) will happen.
2255DEU3241zb2kfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2256DEU3241x382figs-metonymy0When I sharpen my glittering sword“When I sharpen my shining sword.” This means God is preparing to judge and punish his enemies. Alternate translation: “When I am ready to judge my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2257DEU3241yfw3figs-synecdoche0when my hand begins to bring justiceHere “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “when I get ready to judge the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2258DEU3242p1fxfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2259DEU3242mma7figs-metaphor0I will make my arrows drunk with blood, and my sword will devour flesh with the bloodYahweh speaks of arrows as if they were people to whom he could give alcohol and make them drunk, and of a sword as if it were a person who was so hungry that he would eat an animal before draining the blood out. These metaphors are metonyms for a soldier using arrows and a sword to kill many enemies. This in turn is a metaphor for Yahweh killing his enemies in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2260DEU3242ml4t0from the heads of the leaders of the enemyA possible meaning is “from the long-haired heads of the enemy.”
2261DEU3243mm3zfigs-parallelism0General Information:This is the end of Moses song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2262DEU3243hzi1figs-metonymy0Rejoice, you nationsMoses addresses the peoples of all the nations as if they were there listening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
2263DEU3243h5mvfigs-metonymy0for he will avenge the blood of his servants; he will render vengeance on his enemiesHere “blood of his servants” represents the lives of his innocent servants who were killed. Alternate translation: “for he will take revenge on his enemies, who killed his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2264DEU3244q6l60recitedPossible meanings are 1) “spoke” or 2) “sang.”
2265DEU3244zdk4figs-synecdoche0in the ears of the peopleHere “ears” represents the people themselves and emphasizes that Moses wanted to make sure they heard the song clearly. Alternate translation: “to the people so they would be sure to hear it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2266DEU3245a69v0recitingPossible meanings are 1) “speaking” or 2) “singing.”
2267DEU3246llt80He said to them“Moses said to the people of Israel”
2268DEU3246sqq3figs-idiom0Fix your mind onThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to” or “Think about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2269DEU3246iw4n0I have witnessed to youPossible meanings are 1) “I have testified to you,” referring to what Yahweh has said he will do to the Israelites if they disobey, or 2) “I have commanded you,” referring to what Yahweh was commanding them to do.
2270DEU3246a9uh0your children“your children and descendants”
2271DEU3247v8tt0this is“this law is”
2272DEU3247wd7vfigs-litotes0no trivial matterThis litotes can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “something very important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
2273DEU3247i8bsfigs-metonymy0because it is your lifeThe abstract noun “life” can be translated as the verb “live.” You may need to make explicit the metonymy of obeying the law, which represents the law itself. Alternate translation: “because you will live if you obey it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2274DEU3247a2bzfigs-metaphor0prolong your daysLong days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2275DEU3249i56stranslate-names0mountains of AbarimThis is the name of a mountain range in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2276DEU3249gwe20Abarim, up Mount Nebo“Abarim and climb up Mount Nebo”
2277DEU3249u1pftranslate-names0Mount NeboThis is the highest place in the Abarim Mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2278DEU3249y54j0opposite Jericho“on the other side of the river from Jericho”
2279DEU3250n95r0General Information:Yahweh finishes speaking to Moses.
2280DEU3250w499figs-euphemism0be gathered to your peopleThis is a polite way of saying Moses spirit would join the spirits of his relatives in the world of the dead. Alternate translation: “join your ancestors who died before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2281DEU3250gnq5translate-names0Mount HorThis is the name of a mountain on the border of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2282DEU3251mwq1translate-names0MeribahThis is the name of the place in the desert where Moses disobeyed God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2283DEU3251fv5ztranslate-names0wilderness of ZinThis is the name of a wilderness on the southern border of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2284DEU33introy2l80# Deuteronomy 33 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic lines of Moses blessings in 33:1-29.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Families<br>Moses gives a series of prophecies or instructions for each of the tribes of Israel and Israel overall. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br>
2285DEU331p6dbfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses begins to bless the tribes of Israel. Moses speaks the blessing in the form of short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2286DEU332b26nfigs-metaphor0Yahweh came from Sinai and rose from Seir upon them. He shined out from Mount ParanMoses compares Yahweh to the rising sun. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh came from Sinai, he looked to them like the sun when it rises from Seir and shines out from Mount Paran” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2287DEU332d9h20upon them“upon the people of Israel”
2288DEU332d89etranslate-numbers0ten thousands of holy ones“10,000 angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2289DEU332v2fc0In his right hand were flashes of lightningOther possible meanings are 1) “In his right hand were flames of fire” or 2) “He gave them a law of fire” or 3) “He came from the south, down his mountain slopes.”
2290DEU333dj5yfigs-parallelism0General Information:These verses are difficult to understand. Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). Moses speaks the blessing in the form of short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2291DEU333pjq40the peoples“the people of Israel”
2292DEU333uuu1figs-pronouns0all his holy ones are in your hand…your feet…your wordsThe pronouns “his” and “your” refer to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “all Yahwehs holy ones are in his hand…his feet…his words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
2293DEU333sx8zfigs-metonymy0all his holy ones are in your handThe hand is a metonym for power and protection. Alternate translation: “you protect all his holy people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2294DEU334j3nq0an inheritance“a possession” or “a precious possession”
2295DEU335eer4figs-parallelism0General Information:Verse 5 is difficult to understand. Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). The blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2296DEU335c2d90there was a king“Yahweh became king”
2297DEU335g63w0JeshurunThis is another name for Israel. Translated as in [Deuteronomy 32:15](../32/15.md).
2298DEU336xmf70Let Reuben liveThis begins Moses blessings to the individual tribes of Israel.
2299DEU336qs860but may his men be fewOther possible meanings are 1) “and may his men not be few” or 2) “even though his men are few.”
2300DEU337e9mjfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). The blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2301DEU337hxx8figs-metonymy0to the voice of JudahHere “voice of Judah” refers to the cries and prayers of the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “when the people of Judah pray to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2302DEU337v8f7figs-abstractnouns0be a helpThe abstract noun “help” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “help him to fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2303DEU338hq6lfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). The blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2304DEU338f539figs-you0Your Thummim and your UrimThese were sacred stones the high priest carried on his breastplate and used at times to determine Gods will. Here “your” refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2305DEU338d4cpfigs-metonymy0your faithful one, the one whom you tested…with whom you struggledMoses refers to the tribe of Levi as if it were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2306DEU338p5zx0your faithful one“the one who seeks to please you.”
2307DEU338l4zu0MassahSee how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:16](../06/16.md). Translator may add a footnote that says: “The name Massah means testing.’”
2308DEU338vr2z0MeribahSee how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:51](../32/51.md). Translator may add a footnote that says: “The name Meribah means argue or quarrel.’”
2309DEU339a55pfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). The blessings are short poems. He continues describing the tribe of Levi, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:8](./08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2310DEU339n8y30your word“your commands”
2311DEU339mi7xfigs-doublet0guarded…keptThese words both mean to watch over and to protect. They are often metaphors for “obeyed,” but here they should be translated literally because they refer to a time when the Levites literally killed people who were rebelling against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2312DEU3310n6ndfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Levi, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:8](../33/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2313DEU3310q9bv0your…your…you…yourMoses is speaking to Yahweh, so all these words are singular.
2314DEU3311y1ndfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues describing the tribe of Levi, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:8](../33/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2315DEU3311m8mw0acceptbe pleased with
2316DEU3311g9hxfigs-synecdoche0the work of his handsHere the word “hands” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “all the work that he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2317DEU3311qcv6figs-metonymy0Shatter the loins ofThe loins were considered the center of strength, and are here represent strength. Alternate translation: “Take away the strength of” or “Utterly destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2318DEU3311m34sfigs-metaphor0rise up…rise upThis phrase is used twice as a metaphor. Alternate translation: “rise up to fight…cause any more trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2319DEU3311d2c2figs-idiom0rise up againstThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “fight against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2320DEU3312c4cafigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2321DEU3312wbv9figs-activepassive0The one loved by Yahweh livesHere Moses is referring to the members of the tribe of Benjamin. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The ones whom Yahweh loves live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2322DEU3312rf48figs-abstractnouns0lives in securityThe abstact noun “security” can be translated using a verb phrase. Alternate translation: “lives where no one can harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2323DEU3312t7re0he lives between Yahwehs armsPossible meanings are 1) Yahweh protects the tribe of Benjamin with his power or 2) Yahweh lives in the hill region of the tribe of Benjamin. In both translations, it means Yahweh takes care of them.
2324DEU3313bn1rfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2325DEU3313l4ua0About JosephThis refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the tribe of Manasseh. Both tribes descended from Joseph.
2326DEU3313vty3figs-metonymy0May his land be blessed by YahwehThe word “his” refers to Joseph which represents the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh bless their land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2327DEU3313y87w0with the precious things of heaven, with the dew“with the precious dew from the sky” or “with the precious rain from the sky”
2328DEU3313rzk50dewwater that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:2](../32/02.md).
2329DEU3313xy690the deep that lies beneathThis refers to the water under the ground.
2330DEU3314tz8jfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Joseph, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:13](../33/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2331DEU3314xt79figs-activepassive0May his land be blessedThis can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 33:13](../33/13.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh bless his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2332DEU3314jc3s0with the precious things of the harvest of the sun“with the best crops that the sun causes to grow”
2333DEU3314w7c30with the precious things of the produce of the months“with the best crops that grow month to month”
2334DEU3315y6mdfigs-explicit0finest things…precious thingsMoses is probably referring to food crops. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “the best fruits…the precious fruits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2335DEU3315ex8p0ancient mountains“the mountains that existed long ago”
2336DEU3315e1pr0everlasting hills“the hills that will exist forever”
2337DEU3316rm3xfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Joseph, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:13](../33/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2338DEU3316t49ifigs-activepassive0May his land be blessedThis can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 33:13](../33/13.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh bless his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2339DEU3316sq7u0its abundanceThe abstract noun “abundance” can be translated as a verb phrase. Alternate translation: “what it produces in large amounts”
2340DEU3316z8v1figs-explicit0him who was in the bushThe full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who spoke to Moses from the burning bush” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2341DEU3316s176figs-metaphor0Let the blessing come on the head of JosephThis metaphor is of a man putting his hand on the head of a son and asking God to bless the son. The man here is Yahweh. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh bless Joseph as a father blesses his son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2342DEU3316yvh8figs-synecdoche0come on the head of Joseph, and on the top of the head of himHere “head” and “top of the head” represent the whole person. Also, Joseph represents his descendants. Alternate translation: “be upon the descendants of Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2343DEU3316wr2z0top of the headAnother possible meaning is “brow” or “forehead.”
2344DEU3317dw4yfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Joseph, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:13](../33/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2345DEU3317h7umfigs-metaphor0The firstborn of an ox, majestic is heThe ox is a metaphor for something large and strong. The word “firstborn” is a metaphor for honor. Alternate translation: “People will honor Josephs descendants, who are many and powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2346DEU3317emy2figs-metaphor0his horns are the horns ofThe horn is a metaphor for strength. Alternate translation: “he is as strong as” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2347DEU3317s54wfigs-metaphor0With them he will pushPushing with his horns is a metaphor for strength. Alternate translation: “He is so strong that he will push” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2348DEU3317nv6itranslate-numbers0ten thousands of Ephraim…the thousands of ManassehThis means the tribe of Ephraim will be stronger than the tribe of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the people of Ephraim, who number many times 10,000…the people of Manasseh, who number many times 1,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2349DEU3318g9ehfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses continues to bless each tribe of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He speaks to the tribes of Zebulun and Issachar as if they were one man, so the word “your” and the command “rejoice” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2350DEU3318m1l6figs-explicit0Rejoice, Zebulun, in your going out, and you, Issachar, in your tentsThe people of Zebulun were located near the Mediterranean Sea. They traveled by sea and traded with other people. The people of Issachar preferred peaceful living and working the land and raising cattle. You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2351DEU3319bwp60There will they offer“It is there that they will offer”
2352DEU3319h5jn0sacrifices of righteousness“acceptable sacrifices” or “proper sacrifices”
2353DEU3319ime20For they will suck the abundance of the seas, and from the sand on the seashorePossible meanings are 1) they will trade with people across the sea or 2) they were beginning to use sand in making pottery.
2354DEU3319cl5xfigs-metaphor0For they will suck the abundance of the seasThe Hebrew word translated “suck” here refers to how a baby nurses at its mothers breast. It means the people will gain wealth from the sea like a baby gets milk from its mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2355DEU3320r21ifigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2356DEU3320sb7wfigs-activepassive0Blessed be he who enlarges GadThis can stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) “May Yahweh bless Gad and give him much land to live in” or 2) “People should say that Yahweh is good because he has given Gad much land to live in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2357DEU3320qa5jfigs-simile0He will live there like a lioness, and he will tear off an arm or a headThis means the people of Gad are strong and secure, and they will defeat their enemies in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2358DEU3321ypm2figs-parallelism0General Information:Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Gad as one man, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:20](../33/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2359DEU3321nad90the leaders portionThis means a larger piece of land that a leader normally took.
2360DEU3321nfg70He came with the heads of the people“They met with all the leaders of the Israelites”
2361DEU3321nt250He carried out the justice of Yahweh and his decrees with Israel“They obeyed all that Yahweh had commanded the Israelites”
2362DEU3322r6bufigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2363DEU3322rjp5figs-metaphor0Dan is a lion cub that leaps out from BashanThe people of Dan are strong like a lion cub, and they attack their enemies who live in Bashan. You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2364DEU3323xsb4figs-parallelism0General Information:Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He speaks of the descendants of Naphtali as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2365DEU3323j9clfigs-metaphor0satisfied with favorYahweh being pleased with Naphtali is spoken of as if “favor” were food that Naphtali ate until he was no longer hungry. Alternate translation: “who has all the good things he desires because Yahweh is pleased with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2366DEU3323xhj40full of the blessing of YahwehBlessings are spoken of as if they were food that Naphtali ate until he could hold no more. Alternate translation: “whom Yahweh has blessed so that he has all he needs”
2367DEU3323av3ifigs-you0take possessionMoses speaks as if the tribe of Naphtali is one man, so these words are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2368DEU3323q4kcfigs-explicit0the land to the west and southThis refers to the land around Lake Galilee. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2369DEU3324b3kpfigs-parallelism0General Information:Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2370DEU3324frq4figs-explicit0dip his foot in olive oilOlive oil was used for food and for the skin of the face and arms. Feet were dirty, so to put the foot in olive oil was to ruin valuable oil. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “have so much olive oil that he can afford to waste it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2371DEU3325ht1bfigs-you0your city bars…your days…your securityMoses speaks to the tribe of Asher as if they are one man, so all instances of “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2372DEU3325eim5figs-explicit0May your city bars be iron and bronzeCities had large bars across their gates to keep enemies out. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “May you be safe from attacks by your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2373DEU3326wxb7figs-metaphor0rides through the heavens…on the cloudsThis is an image of Yahweh riding on clouds through the sky like a king on his chariot riding through a battlefield. Alternate translation: “rides through the heavens like a king rides through a battlefield…on the clouds like a king on his chariot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2374DEU3326l9qhfigs-you0to your help“to help you.” Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2375DEU3327if2jfigs-abstractnouns0The eternal God is a refugeThe abstract noun “refuge,” which means a shelter or a place safe from danger, can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The eternal God will protect his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2376DEU3327bk5rfigs-metaphor0underneath are the everlasting armsThe words “everlasting arms” are a metaphor for Yahwehs promise to protect his people forever. Alternate translation: “he will support and take care of his people forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2377DEU3327hrf2figs-pastforfuture0He thrust out…he saidMoses speaks of the future as if it were the past to emphasize that what he is saying will come true. AT “He will thrust out…he will say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
2378DEU3327zfz8figs-you0before you…DestroyMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” and the command “destroy” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2379DEU3327an79figs-quotations0he said, “Destroy!”If this direct quotation would not work well in your language, you may change it to an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “he will tell you to destroy them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2380DEU3328c8xifigs-pastforfuture0Israel dwelt…Jacobs spring was securePossible meanings are 1) Moses speaks of the future as if it were the past to emphasize that what he is saying will come true, “Israel will dwell…Jacobs spring will be secure” or 2) Moses is blessing Israel, “May Israel dwell…and may Jacobs spring be secure.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
2381DEU3328cp65figs-metonymy0Jacobs springPossible meanings are 1) Jacobs home or 2) Jacobs descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2382DEU3328ze3afigs-metaphor0let his heavens drop dewThe dew is spoken of as being so much that it is as if it were raining. Possible meanings are 1) Moses is blessing Israel, “may much dew cover the land like rain” or 2) Moses is telling what will happen in the future, “much dew will cover the land like rain.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2383DEU3328qcg60dewwater that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:2](../32/02.md).
2384DEU3329hn5qfigs-you0General Information:Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2385DEU3329q9snfigs-rquestion0Who is like you, a people saved by Yahweh…majesty?This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “There is no other people group like you, a people whom Yahweh has saved…majesty.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2386DEU3329n3dufigs-merism0the shield…the swordThis merism speaks of Yahweh defending the Israelites from their enemies and enabling them to attack their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2387DEU3329tm9afigs-metaphor0the shield of your helpThe word “shield” is a metaphor for Yahweh protecting and defending the Israelites. The abstract noun “help” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who protects you and helps you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2388DEU3329cur3figs-metaphor0the sword of your majestyThe word “sword” is a metaphor for the power to kill with the sword in order to win battles. Alternate translation: “the one who enables you to win battles and so have majesty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2389DEU3329ly3l0you will trample down their high placesPossible meanings are 1) the Israelites will destroy the places where the other people worship false gods or 2) the Israelites will walk on the backs of their enemies when the Israelites defeat them.
2390DEU34introkh670# Deuteronomy 34 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter may have been written by Joshua, since it recorded Moses death. This chapter officially ends the revelation of the law of Moses, and life in the Promised Land is about to begin again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br>
2391DEU341ayb80Mount NeboThis is the highest point of Mount Pisgah which is in the northern part of the Abarim mountain range. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:49](../32/49.md).
2392DEU341r9wl0PisgahSee how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:17](../03/17.md).
2393DEU343h1nctranslate-names0the City of PalmsThis is another name for Jericho. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2394DEU344aj1d0look at it with your eyes“see it for yourself”
2395DEU346z3y10Beth PeorThis was a town in Moab. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:29](../03/29.md).
2396DEU346i3kg0to this dayThis refers to the time that this was written or edited, not to the present time in the twenty-first century.
2397DEU347l52xtranslate-numbers0one hundred twenty years old“30 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2398DEU347gif30his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abatedThis means his eyes and body were still strong and healthy.
2399DEU348uz65translate-numbers0thirty days“30 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2400DEU349znf50son of NunSee how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:38](../01/38.md).
2401DEU349g774figs-metaphor0Joshua…was full of the spirit of wisdomThe writer speaks as if Joshua were a container and the spirit were a physical object that could be put into a container. Alternate translation: “Yahweh enabled Joshua…to be very wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2402DEU349yd83figs-explicit0Moses had laid his hands on himThe full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Moses had laid his hands on him to set Joshua apart so Joshua would serve Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2403DEU3410t1l8figs-idiom0Yahweh knew face to faceThis is an idiom. It means Yahweh and Moses had a very close relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2404DEU3412mq8g0in all the great“who did all the great”