richmahn_en_tn/en_tn_18-JOB.tsv

Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
JOB	front	intro	u3jc			0		# Introduction to Job<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Job<br><br>1. Job is introduced (1:1–2:13)<br>    * Job is blameless and wealthy (1:1–5)<br>    * Yahweh allows Satan to test Job (1:6–2:10)<br>1. Three friends speak to Job (3:1–14:22)<br>    * Eliphaz, Bildad, and ZopharJob replies to each<br>1. They speak to him again (15:1–21:34)<br>    * Eliphaz, Bildad, and ZopharJob replies to each<br>1. They speak a third time (22:1–31:40)<br>    * Eliphaz and BildadJob replies to each<br>1. Elihu speaks to Job (32:1–37:24)<br>1. Yahweh answers Job out of the whirlwind (38:1–41:34)<br>1. Job is humbled before Yahweh (42:1–6)<br>1. Yahweh rebukes Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar (42:7–9)<br>1. Yahweh prospers Job again (42:10–17)<br><br>### What is the Book of Job about?<br><br>The Book of Job is about a man named Job who experienced disaster even though he was faithful to Yahweh. Job speaks with three friends and asks why Yahweh lets him experience trials and losses. The book teaches that we cannot understand all of Yahweh’s ways, and when we suffer, it is more important to trust Yahweh than it is to understand the reason for the suffering.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The Book of Job is named for Job, the main character in the book. His name is not related to the English word “job.” Translators might use the traditional title of “The Book of Job” or just “Job.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “The Book About Job” or “The Book About a Man Named Job.”<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Job?<br><br>We do not know who wrote the Book of Job. Many people suggest that Moses composed or compiled the book, but it may have been written after the time of Moses.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Does sin cause suffering?<br><br>When a person sins against Yahweh, it can cause the person to experience suffering. People in the ancient Near East generally believed that a person suffered because they or their ancestors sinned against God. This is what many religions teach. However, the Book of Job shows that a person may suffer even if he or she has not sinned. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Were Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar really Job’s friends?<br><br>Job 2:11 refers to Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar as the friends of Job. But they did not comfort Job. Instead, they tried to persuade Job to say something about God that Job believed was not true. So we might wonder if it is right to translate the word as “friends.” They did care about Job and they wanted to help him. However, what they said did not help Job because they did not understand the truth about God.<br><br>### When did the events in the Book of Job take place?<br><br>We do not know when the events in the Book of Job took place. It seems to be set around the time of Abraham and Isaac in the Book of Genesis. However, some verses are similar to ones in the Books of Proverbs and Isaiah, which are set much later.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What style of writing is in the Book of Job?<br><br>The writer starts and ends the Book of Job by telling what happened to Job in narrative form. He wrote the other parts in poetry form. In the ancient Near East, writers often used poetry to discuss matters of wisdom.<br><br>### Is the Book of Job difficult to translate?<br><br>The Book of Job has many uncommon words and phrases, making parts of it hard to understand translate. For this reason, translators may decide to translate this book after they have translated other books of the Bible. However, since the writer did not connect Job with a specific time or place in history, the translator may decide to translate this book before other Old Testament books.
JOB	1	intro	lym1			0		# Job 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter introduces a story about a man named Job who lives during a time long before the author.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Wealth<br>Job is very rich. During his time, a man’s wealth is measured by the number of animals he owns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Feasts<br>Job is a very godly man and celebrates Yahweh’s provision by having feasts. It must be remembered that Job lives prior to the law of Moses, so his religious practices are different than the Hebrew people after Moses. The events of this book occur about the same time as the life of Abraham. Therefore, this book corresponds more with Genesis 12-50 than the rest of the Old Testament. (See:[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Job’s faith<br>Satan believes that Job’s faith is based on Yahweh’s blessings. He challenges Yahweh to remove these blessings from Job’s life because he thinks that Job will no longer trust in Yahweh if this happens. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
JOB	1	1	k5g4	translate-names		0	land of Uz	Possible locations are: (1) a place in ancient Edom east of the Jordan River in modern western Jordan or (2) a place east of the Euphrates River in modern Iran. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB	1	1	r5aj	figs-doublet		0	blameless and upright	The words “blameless” and “upright” share similar meanings and emphasize that Job was a righteous man. Alternate translation: “one who did what was right before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB	1	1	qj15			0	one who feared God	Alternate translation: “one who honored God”
JOB	1	1	y3ar	figs-metaphor		0	turned from evil	Here evil is spoken of as if it were a place that a person could avoid going to, instead of the doing of evil actions. Alternate translation: “refused to do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	1	2	ntr7	translate-numbers		0	seven sons and three daughters	“7 sons and 3 daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOB	1	3	t1ua	translate-numbers		0	He possessed seven thousand sheep	“He had 7,000 sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOB	1	3	mmd3	translate-numbers		0	three thousand camels	“3,000 camels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOB	1	3	l5f2	translate-numbers		0	five hundred pairs of oxen	“500 pairs of oxen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOB	1	3	x4bu			0	the greatest	Alternate translation: “the richest”
JOB	1	3	csw9	figs-explicit		0	all the people of the East	The refers to places that were east of Canaan. Alternate translation: “all the people who live in lands that were east of Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	1	4	i4lf			0	On each son’s assigned day, he would give	The word “day” perhaps refers to the day when they celebrated the son’s birth. But it at least refers to the idea that the sons each took a turn in holding a feast. Alternate translation: “On each son’s birthday, the son would give” or “Each son in turn would give”
JOB	1	4	ey91			0	he would give … They would send and call for	“he habitually gave … They habitually sent and called for “
JOB	1	4	x3v2			0	with them	The word “them” refers to the seven sons and the three daughters but does not include Job.
JOB	1	5	ik8z			0	Job would send … he would consecrate … He would rise early in the morning and offer … he would say	Alternate translation: “he habitually gave … They habitually sent and called for … Job habitually sent … he habitually consecrated … He habitually rose early in the morning and offered … he habitually said”
JOB	1	5	s2c6			0	When the days of the feast were over	Alternate translation: “When the feast was over” or “After the feast”
JOB	1	5	w9xc			0	Job would send for them	Alternate translation: “Job habitually sent someone to call them to come to him”
JOB	1	5	k14m			0	he would consecrate them	Here “consecrate” means to ask God to take away any ritual impurities that Job’s children might have brought upon themselves as they happily feasted together. Job did this by making sacrifices to God for them.
JOB	1	5	du2j	figs-metonymy		0	cursed God in their hearts	Their “hearts” represent their thoughts. Often such thoughts could come unintentionally, without the person wanting to think them. Alternate translation: “cursed God in their thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	1	6	i5iw			0	Then it was the day when	“At the time when” or “One day when.” This is not a specific day but apparently the gathering happened often.
JOB	1	6	n2re			0	sons of God	This refers to angels, heavenly beings.
JOB	1	6	uwv6			0	to present themselves before Yahweh	Alternate translation: “to stand together before Yahweh as he commanded them to do.”
JOB	1	6	k7e8			0	Yahweh	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
JOB	1	7	plj3	figs-parallelism		0	From wandering on the earth, from going back and forth on it	The phrases “wandering” and “going back and forth” refer to the activity of traveling all over the earth in order to emphasize its completeness. Alternate translation: “From going everywhere on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JOB	1	8	s9h2	figs-rquestion		0	Have you considered my servant Job?	“Have you thought about my servant Job?” Here God is beginning to talk with Satan about Job. Alternate translation: “Consider my servant Job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	1	8	ncu7	figs-doublet		0	a blameless and upright man	The words “blameless” and “upright” share similar meanings and emphasize that Job was a righteous man. See how you translated this in [Job 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “one who did what was right before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB	1	8	n9a8			0	one who fears God	“one who honors God.” See how you translated this in [Job 1:1](../01/01.md).
JOB	1	9	i5tn	figs-rquestion		0	Does Job fear God without reason?	“Does Job respect God for no reason?” Satan responds to God by presenting and answering his own question. He says that Job obeys God only because God blesses him. Alternate translation: “Job has a reason for obeying God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	1	10	f5z2	figs-rquestion		0	Have you not put a barrier around him, around his house, and around all that is his from every side	Satan states the facts to support his argument. Alternate translation: “You have protected him, his family and everything he owns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	1	10	r7xt	figs-metaphor		0	put a barrier around him, around his house, and around all that is his from every side	Just as a barrier such as a wall or a hedge surrounds and protects one’s land, God has surrounded Job with his protection. Alternate translation: “protected him and his house and all that is his” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	1	10	l9et			0	the deeds of his hands	Alternate translation: “everything that he does”
JOB	1	10	xg3q			0	his cattle have burst forth in the land	Alternate translation: “he has more and more livestock in the land”
JOB	1	11	k6w4			0	But now stretch out your hand and touch all that he has, and see if he does not curse you to your face	Satan means that if God attacks Job, he will see how Job responds. Alternate translation: “But now, if you stretch out your hand and touch all that he has, you will see that he will curse you to your face”
JOB	1	11	y4qi	figs-metonymy		0	But now stretch out your hand	Here “hand” refers to God’s power to act. “But now use your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	1	11	ax31	figs-metonymy		0	touch all that he has	Here “touch” represents the action of harming or destroying. Alternate translation: “attack all that he has” or “destroy all that he has” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	1	11	bn3v			0	to your face	“in your hearing.” This refers to a time when God is paying attention.
JOB	1	12	d2uy			0	Behold	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Pay attention to all that I am about to tell you”
JOB	1	12	bul4	figs-metonymy		0	all that he has is in your hand	Here “hand” represents someone’s power to control something. Alternate translation: “you have power over all that he has” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	1	12	b94v			0	against him himself	Alternate translation: “against his life”
JOB	1	12	gn4s			0	went away from the presence of Yahweh	Alternate translation: “departed from Yahweh” or “left Yahweh”
JOB	1	15	s7b7	translate-names		0	the Sabeans	This refers to a people in a region in modern day Yemen. Here it represents a group of raiders or bandits. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	1	15	eib3	figs-metaphor		0	fell on them	Here “fell” represents the idea of attacking. Alternate translation: “attacked them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	1	15	jw7q	figs-metonymy		0	have struck	Here striking represents killing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	1	15	ple3	figs-metaphor		0	the edge of the sword	Here “edge” represents the part of swords that kill people, that is, either the point or the sharp edge. Also, all the swords of the Sabeans are spoken of as if they were only one sword. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
JOB	1	16	a5g7			0	While he was still speaking	“he” refers to the first messenger
JOB	1	16	p6dx	figs-ellipsis		0	another also came	This refers to another messenger. Alternate translation: “another messenger also came” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOB	1	16	bpd8			0	I alone have escaped to tell you	See how you translated this in [Job 1:15](../01/15.md).
JOB	1	17	mu5j	figs-metaphor		0	As for the servants, they have struck them with the edge of the sword. I alone have escaped to tell you	Here “edge” represents the part of swords that kill people, that is, either the point or the sharp edge. Also, all the swords of the Chaldeans are spoken of as if they were only one sword. See how you translated this in [Job 1:15](../01/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
JOB	1	18	s99m			0	Your sons and your daughters were eating and drinking wine in their oldest brother’s house	See how you translated this in [Job 1:13](../01/13.md).
JOB	1	19	l53s			0	A strong wind	Alternate translation: “A tornado” or “A desert storm”
JOB	1	19	vau5			0	the four corners of the house	Alternate translation: “the structural supports of the house”
JOB	1	19	t6zp			0	It fell on the young people	Alternate translation: “The house fell on your sons and daughters”
JOB	1	19	s3kd			0	I alone have escaped to tell you	See how you translated this in [Job 1:15](../01/15.md).
JOB	1	20	d1w8	translate-symaction		0	tore his robe, shaved his head	These were ritual mourning actions, symbolizing deep grief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB	1	21	wph4			0	I was naked when I came out of my mother’s womb, and I will be naked when I will return there	Alternate translation: “At my birth, I brought nothing into the world, and at my death I will return to the earth with nothing”
JOB	1	22	l3ef			0	In all this matter	Alternate translation: “Regarding all this that happened”
JOB	1	22	xns1			0	accuse God of wrongdoing	Alternate translation: “say that God had done wrong”
JOB	2	intro	ke5i			0		# Job 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter repeats the concepts of the previous chapter, but this time it is more severe. After losing his wealth, Job’s health is taken from him. His wife also begins to encourage Job to sin by cursing Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
JOB	2	1	rz1x			0	General Information:	This verse is almost exactly the same as [Job 1:6](../01/06.md) and can probably be translated in the same way.
JOB	2	1	r1zs			0	Then it was the day	See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md).
JOB	2	1	hst1			0	the day when	This is not a specific day. The gathering happened often. Alternate translation: “at the time when” or “one day when”
JOB	2	1	dg33			0	sons of God	See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md).
JOB	2	1	jay2			0	present themselves before Yahweh	See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md).
JOB	2	2	vu2m			0	General Information:	This verse is exactly the same as [Job 1:7](../01/07.md) and can probably be translated in the same way.
JOB	2	3	t8ds			0	General Information:	This verse is the same as [Job 1:8](../01/08.md), except for the addition of “He still holds fast to his integrity, although you misled me against him, to destroy him without cause.”
JOB	2	3	d12l	figs-rquestion		0	Have you considered my servant Job?	This rhetorical question actually makes a statement.See how you translated this in [Job 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “Consider my servant Job.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	2	3	uz5k	figs-doublet		0	a blameless and upright man	The words “blameless” and “upright” share similar meanings and emphasize that Job was a righteous man. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Job 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “one who did what was right before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB	2	3	eq69			0	one who fears God and turns away from evil	See how you translated this in [Job 1:1](../01/01.md).
JOB	2	3	awm6			0	still holds fast to his integrity	Alternate translation: “remains completely dedicated to doing what is good and right”
JOB	2	3	khj6			0	misled me against him	Alternate translation: “persuaded me without cause to attack him”
JOB	2	3	p2iq			0	to destroy him	Here “destroy” represents “make poor.” Alternate translation: “to make him a poor man”
JOB	2	4	s8ua	figs-metonymy		0	Skin for skin, indeed	“Skin” here is a metonym for Job’s life. Alternate translation: “A person will do anything to save his own life, even accept the loss of possessions and loved ones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	2	5	d2rf			0	But stretch out your hand now and touch his bones and his flesh, and see if he does not curse you to your face	Satan means that if God attacks Job, he will see how Job responds. Alternate translation: “But now, if you stretch out your hand and touch his bones and his flesh, you will see that he will curse you to your face”
JOB	2	5	id2l	figs-metonymy		0	stretch out your hand	Here “hand” refers to God’s power to act. “But now use your power.” See how you translated this in [Job 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	2	5	cz3l	figs-metonymy		0	touch	Here “touch” represents the action of harming. Alternate translation: “attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	2	5	qau8	figs-synecdoche		0	his bones and his flesh	This expression represents Job’s body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	2	5	i3ij			0	curse you to your face	See how you translated this in [Job 1:11](../01/11.md).
JOB	2	5	b5lr	figs-metaphor		0	to your face	This refers to a time when God is paying attention. Alternate translation: “in your hearing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	2	7	fj98			0	Then Satan went away from the presence of Yahweh	See how you translated this in [Job 1:12](../01/12.md).
JOB	2	7	gtz9			0	He struck Job with painful boils	Alternate translation: “He caused Job to suffer greatly with painful boils”
JOB	2	7	ts4r			0	painful boils	large, itching and painful skin infections
JOB	2	8	k22q			0	a piece of broken pottery to scrape himself	The scraping scratches the skin to lessen the itch.
JOB	2	8	f72v	figs-euphemism		0	sat down in the middle of ashes	This probably refers to a place where trash and garbage were dumped and perhaps burned. Sitting in such a place was a sign of deep mourning. Alternate translation: “sat on the trash heap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB	2	9	v1yj	figs-rquestion		0	Do you still hold fast to your integrity?	This rhetorical question represents a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not still be holding fast to your integrity.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	2	9	wgb4			0	Curse God	Alternate translation: “Reject God”
JOB	2	10	p6a8			0	You talk as a foolish woman	Alternate translation: “You talk the way a stupid woman talks”
JOB	2	10	hrr4	figs-rquestion		0	Should we receive the good from God and not receive the bad?	This rhetorical question represents a statement. Alternate translation: “We should certainly receive the bad from God as well as the good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	2	10	i8pq			0	receive the good	Alternate translation: “benefit from all the good things”
JOB	2	10	ltp4	figs-genericnoun		0	the good	This represents all the good things that God gives us. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
JOB	2	10	gz46			0	receive the bad	Alternate translation: “suffer all the bad things without complaining”
JOB	2	10	kiz6	figs-genericnoun		0	the bad	This represents all the bad things that God makes or allows us to experience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
JOB	2	10	wj2i	figs-metonymy		0	sin with his lips	Here “lips” represents the act of speaking. Alternate translation: “sin by speaking against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	2	11	c4dm	translate-names		0	Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite	Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar are men’s names. Teman was a city in Edom. Shuhites are the decedents of Abraham and Keturah. Naamah was a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB	2	11	s59z			0	set a time	Alternate translation: “agreed on a time”
JOB	2	11	en96	figs-doublet		0	to mourn with him and to comfort him	Here the words “mourn with” and “comfort” share similar meanings. The friends try to comfort Job by mourning with him. Alternate translation: “to grieve with Job in order to help ease his suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB	2	12	fu87	figs-idiom		0	they lifted up their eyes	This is an idiom that means “they looked intently” or “they looked carefully.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	2	12	kle6			0	they did not recognize him	This probably means that Job’s visitors did not recognize him at first, when they saw him at a distance. Job looked very different than usual because of his grief and because of the sores covering his body. Alternate translation: “they barely recognized him”
JOB	2	12	jd72	figs-idiom		0	They raised their voices and wept	Here “raised their voices” is an idiom that means they became loud. Alternate translation: “They wept out loud” or “They wept loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	2	12	ira1	translate-symaction		0	tore his robe	This was a sign of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB	2	12	zzf1	translate-symaction		0	threw dust into the air and upon his own head	These were signs of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB	3	intro	jci9			0		# Job 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Job uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these rhetorical questions is to show Job’s earnest desire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	3	1	hmv8	figs-idiom		0	opened his mouth	This idiom means he began to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	3	3	z3eb	figs-personification		0	May the day on which I was born perish, the night	Job speaks of that day and night as if they were people. Alternate translation: “I wish that I had never been born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	3	3	zca2	figs-ellipsis		0	the night that said, ‘A boy has been conceived.’	This expression intensifies the statement of Job’s grief by going even further back in time from his birth to his conception. Alternate translation: “the night that said, ‘A boy has been conceived’ perish.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOB	3	3	q9nj	figs-personification		0	the night that said	Here the night is spoken of as if it were a person who could speak. The translator may choose, however, to translate it in a less metaphorical way. Alternate translation: “the night about which people said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	3	3	ka1k			0	A boy has been conceived	This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “his mother has conceived a male child”
JOB	3	4	l7yy			0	General Information:	The expressions in these verses are all wishes that the day of Job’s birth would no longer exist. This may imply that the day, although in the past, still existed somehow. The UST translates them as expressions of sadness about what that day was like.
JOB	3	4	hr5h	figs-parallelism		0	May that day be dark … neither may the sun shine on it	These two clauses describe the darkness of the day of Job’s birth, thus repeating Job’s regret that he had been born. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	3	4	n4h1	figs-metaphor		0	May that day be dark	This is a wish for that day to not exist any longer. Alternate translation: “may that day disappear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	3	5	xpc5	figs-personification		0	May darkness and the shadow of death claim it for their own	Here darkness and the shadow of death are spoken of as if they were people who could claim something as their own possession. The word “it” refers to the day of Job’s birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	3	5	lz4e	figs-metaphor		0	the shadow of death	Here a shadow represents death itself. Alternate translation: “death like a shadow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	3	5	ci87	figs-metaphor		0	May a cloud live over it	Here a cloud is spoken of as if it were a person who could live over the day of Job’s birth. Alternate translation: “May a cloud cover it so no one can see it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	3	5	tz1j	figs-metaphor		0	everything that makes the day black	This refers to things that block out the sun’s light and create darkness. Here “black” represents darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	3	5	j4if	figs-personification		0	terrify it	“terrify that day.” The day is spoken of as if it were a person who could be terrified by the darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	3	6	g44b	figs-personification		0	may thick darkness seize it	This darkness is again spoken of as if it were a person who could grasp and hold the night. Alternate translation: “may thick darkness make it disappear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	3	6	mfe2			0	thick darkness	Alternate translation: “deep darkness” or “complete darkness”
JOB	3	6	hgn9	figs-personification		0	May it not rejoice	The word “it” refers to the night of Job’s birth or conception. The night of Job’s conception is spoken of as if it were a person who should not rejoice. Alternate translation: “May that night vanish from the calendar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	3	6	d2mp	figs-personification		0	may it not come into the number	That night is spoken of as if it were a person who could walk. Alternate translation: “may no one count it in the number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	3	7	sh3e	figs-personification		0	may that night be barren	The night of Job’s birth is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “may no child be born on that night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	3	7	cdr2	figs-metaphor		0	may no joyful voice come into it	Here that the night of Job’s birth is spoken of as if it were a time when it was still possible for someone to be happy. Alternate translation: “may no one hear the happy cry at the birth of a son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	3	7	i8zr	figs-synecdoche		0	joyful voice come	Here the voice stands for a person who is happy. Alternate translation: “may no one be happy in it ever again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	3	8	i4gt			0	those who know how to wake up Leviathan	Job is probably referring here to sorcerers and magicians, who he believes might be able to even provoke Leviathan in spreading chaos. Leviathan was an animal well known in Ancient Near Eastern mythology, which was thought to be responsible for all kinds of destruction, disorder, and chaos.
JOB	3	9	eeu1			0	May the stars of that day’s dawn be dark	This refers to the planets that are often visible just before dawn. Alternate translation: “May the stars that appear before that day’s first light be dark”
JOB	3	9	fcl4	figs-personification		0	May that day look for light, but find none	The day of Job’s birth is spoken of as if it were a person looking for something. Alternate translation: “May that day hope for light, but have none” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	3	9	max2	figs-personification		0	neither may it see the eyelids of the dawn	The dawn is spoken of as if it had eyelids as a person has. Alternate translation: “nor see the first light of the dawn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	3	10	ta9d	figs-metaphor		0	because it did not shut up the doors of my mother’s womb	A woman’s womb is spoken of as if it were a container with doors. Alternate translation: “because that day did not close my mother’s womb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	3	10	juv2	figs-personification		0	because it did not hide trouble from my eyes	The day of Job’s birth is spoken of here as if it were a person who could hide something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	3	10	e47i	figs-metonymy		0	from my eyes	Here “eyes” represents the person who sees with them. Alternate translation: “from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	3	11	kur9			0	General Information:	This passage contains four rhetorical questions, which Job asks in order to really make a series of statements.
JOB	3	11	gg8p	figs-rquestion		0	Why did I not die when I came out from the womb?	“Why did I not die at birth?” Job poses this question in order to curse the day of his birth and to express his anguish. Alternate translation: “I wish I had died the day I was born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	3	11	mh8p	figs-rquestion		0	Why did I not give up my spirit when my mother bore me?	Job means to say that he should not have been born alive. Alternate translation: “I wish I had died when I came out of the womb.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	3	11	hh1m	figs-idiom		0	give up my spirit	This refers to dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	3	12	v9p9	figs-rquestion		0	Why did her knees welcome me?	This perhaps refers to the lap of Job’s mother. His mother’s knees are spoken of as if they were people who could welcome a newborn baby. Alternate translation: “I wish there had been no lap to receive me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	3	12	j91k	figs-rquestion		0	Why did her breasts receive me so that I should suck?	Job’s mother’s breasts are spoken of as if they also were people who could welcome a newborn baby. Alternate translation: “I wish there had been no breasts for me to nurse.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	3	13	aal1	figs-hypo		0		Job begins talking about what would have been true if he had never been born. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB	3	13	v6g8	figs-parallelism		0	For now I would have been lying down quietly. I would have slept and been at rest	Job uses two sentences to think about what it would be like if he had never been born or had died at birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOB	3	13	pv57	figs-hypo		0	I would have been lying down quietly	Job imagines something that could have happened in the past but which did not happen, as noted above. Alternate translation: “I should have been lying down quietly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB	3	13	hw7g			0	lying down quietly	Alternate translation: “asleep, resting peacefully”
JOB	3	13	e4ks	figs-idiom		0	been at rest	Here the word “rest” means to sleep peacefully, but also that Job would not be experiencing the pain that he does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	3	14	m4i4			0	with kings and counselors of the earth	Alternate translation: “with kings and their advisers”
JOB	3	15	kr3y	figs-hypo		0	Or I would have been lying	This describes something that might have happened but did not happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB	3	15	kq2m	figs-euphemism		0	I would have been lying with princes	“I would be resting with princes.” In this phrase, the words “lying” and “resting” are a polite way of saying “no longer alive.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOB	3	15	b79w	figs-parallelism		0	who once had gold, who had filled their houses with silver	Job uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	3	16	qn46			0	I would have been stillborn	Alternate translation: “I would have died in my mother’s womb”
JOB	3	16	qu2s			0	like infants that never see the light	Alternate translation: “like babies who have never been born”
JOB	3	16	j5tv			0	infants	Alternate translation: “babies” or “very small children”
JOB	3	17	ip8q			0	General Information:	Job changes his talk from dying to life after death.
JOB	3	17	t3ap	figs-parallelism		0	There the wicked cease from trouble; there the weary are at rest	Job uses parallelism to emphasize that the lowly will find rest from those causing them hardship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	3	17	ar3h	figs-explicit		0	There the wicked cease from trouble	Job is talking about the place where people go after they stop living. Alternate translation: “In that place, evil people stop causing trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	3	18	zbk5	figs-metonymy		0	the voice of the slave driver	Here “voice” is a metonym for the power that the slave drivers have over the slaves. Alternate translation: “They are no longer under the control of the slave drivers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	3	19	yv5l	figs-merism		0	small and great people	This is a figure of speech which means “all people, both poor people and rich people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JOB	3	19	xrv1			0	the servant is free from his master	A servant is no longer obligated to serve his master.
JOB	3	20	a8g2	figs-parallelism		0	Why is light given to him who is in misery? Why is life given to the one who is bitter in soul	Job’s two questions mean basically the same thing. He is wondering why those who face hardship continue to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	3	20	zq45	figs-rquestion		0	Why is light given to him who is in misery?	Here Job is wondering why people must stay alive and suffer. Alternate translation: “I do not understand why God gives life to a person who is suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	3	20	naz6	figs-metaphor		0	light	Here light represents life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	3	20	q28e	figs-rquestion		0	Why is life given to the one who is bitter in soul	“why does God give life to a miserable person?” Alternate translation: “I do not understand why God gives life to a person who is very unhappy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	3	21	hbh3			0	to one who longs … for hidden treasure	This is the end of the question that Job begins asking with the words “Why is life given … bitter in soul” (verse 20).
JOB	3	21	mg33	figs-metaphor		0	to one who longs for death without it coming	Here death is spoken of as if it were an object coming toward someone. Alternate translation: “to a person who no longer wants to be alive, but is still alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	3	21	lgj7	figs-metaphor		0	to one who digs for death more than for hidden treasure	A person hoping to die is spoken of as if he were digging for buried treasure. Alternate translation: “to a person who wants to stop living more than he wants to look for hidden riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	3	22	p5zy	figs-rquestion		0	Why is light given to one who rejoices very much and is glad when he finds the grave	Here Job uses a question to make a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not understand why God allows a person to keep living when the person would be very happy to be buried in the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	3	22	z97v	figs-doublet		0	one who rejoices very much and is glad	The phrase “rejoices very much” means basically the same thing as “is glad.” Together, the two phrases emphasize the intensity of gladness. Alternate translation: “one who is extremely happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB	3	22	p53t	figs-euphemism		0	when he finds the grave	This is a polite way of referring to dying. Alternate translation: “when he is dead and can be buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOB	3	22	ihl7	figs-metonymy		0	the grave	Here the grave represents death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	3	23	fk1v	figs-rquestion		0	Why is light given to a man whose way is hidden, a man whom God has hedged in?	Job asks this question in order to make a statement. Alternate translation: “God should not give life to a man and then take away his future and confine him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	3	23	n6ge	figs-metaphor		0	Why is light given to a man	Here light represents life. Alternate translation: “Why does God keep a man alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	3	23	xgh3	figs-metaphor		0	whose way is hidden	Here Job speaks of his future, which he does not know in advance, as if God had hidden it from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	3	23	f9q5	figs-metaphor		0	a man whom God has hedged in	Here being in difficulties and dangers is spoken of as if it were being confined within narrow limits. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	3	24	z8a9	figs-parallelism		0	For my sighing happens instead of eating; my groaning is poured out like water	Job expresses his anguish in two ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	3	24	ya6w			0	my sighing happens instead of eating	Alternate translation: “Instead of eating, I mourn”
JOB	3	24	jp2u	figs-metaphor		0	my groaning is poured out like water	Moral qualities and emotions such as grief are often spoken of as if they were water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	3	25	pvp2	figs-parallelism		0	the thing that I feared has come on me; what I was afraid of has come to me	These two phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “what I feared most has happened to me” or “my worst fear has come true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	3	26	f53t	figs-parallelism		0	I am not at ease, I am not quiet, and I have no rest	Job expresses his anguish in three separate phrases. Alternate translation: “I am very anxious” or “I am emotionally and physically tormented” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	4	intro	kk87			0		# Job 4 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job’s friend, Eliphaz.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Eliphaz’s advice<br>Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to form Eliphaz’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	4	1	e5n4	translate-names		0	Eliphaz	Eliphaz is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB	4	1	c3fq	translate-names		0	Temanite	A Temanite belongs to the tribe of Teman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB	4	2	y6k8	figs-rquestion		0	will you be impatient?	Eliphaz asks this question in order to make a statement. Alternate translation: “you will surely be impatient.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	4	2	knx6			0	will you be impatient?	Alternate translation: “will that annoy you?”
JOB	4	2	n3sr	figs-rquestion		0	But who can stop himself from speaking?	Eliphaz asks this question to say that no one who sees a friend suffering can remain silent. Alternate translation: “No one can restrain himself from speaking (to a friend in such a state as you find yourself)” or “I must speak to you, (seeing that you are in a state of grief).” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	4	3	piw1	figs-parallelism		0	See, you have instructed many; you have strengthened weak hands	This verse states a single idea in two different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	4	3	fe8q	figs-metonymy		0	you have strengthened weak hands	Here “weak hands” represents people who need help. Alternate translation: “you have helped others when they needed help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	4	4	lvl1	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	The writer uses parallelism in each of these verses to make one idea using two different statements to emphasize: (1) the support that Job has given others in the past, (2) the effect on him of his present troubles, and (3) his piety before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	4	4	tqj5	figs-metaphor		0	supported	Someone who has been encouraged is spoken of as if he were kept from falling down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	4	4	fnd5	figs-metaphor		0	falling	Here becoming discouraged is spoken of as if it were falling down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	4	4	c21w	figs-metaphor		0	you have made feeble knees firm	Here discouragement is spoken of as if it were a person whose weak knees could not keep him upright. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	4	5	jv44	figs-metaphor		0	But now trouble has come to you	Here trouble is spoken of as if it were an object that could come to a person. Alternate translation: “But now you suffer from disasters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	4	5	w2d1			0	you are weary	Alternate translation: “you are discouraged”
JOB	4	6	b27y			0	your fear	Alternate translation: “the fact that you honor God”
JOB	4	6	jv9m	figs-rquestion		0	Is not your fear your confidence, and the integrity of your ways your hope?	Eliphaz asks these questions in order to tell Job that it is because of his sin that he is suffering. Alternate translation: “Everyone thinks that you honor God; everyone thinks that you are an honest man. But these things must not be true, because you do not trust God any longer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	4	6	w4dn	figs-explicit		0	your fear	Eliphaz means Job’s fear of God. Alternate translation: “your fear of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	4	6	nh5w	figs-metaphor		0	your ways	Here “your ways” represents “your conduct,” “how you behave.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	4	7	ctx8	figs-rquestion		0	Who has ever perished when innocent?	Eliphaz uses this question to prompt Job to search his life for sin (and God’s righteous judgment) as the cause of his loss. Alternate translation: “No one has ever perished when innocent.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	4	7	ci3b	figs-rquestion		0	when were the upright people ever cut off	This question also means to make a statement, and may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “No one has ever cut off an upright person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	4	7	mq2s	figs-metaphor		0	cut off	Here being cut off represents being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	4	8	yw7b	figs-metaphor		0	plow iniquity … sow trouble … reap	Here the actions of plowing and sowing represent causing trouble for other people. The action of reaping represents suffering the trouble that one has himself caused. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	4	9	a93h	figs-parallelism		0	By the breath of God they perish; by the blast of his anger they are consumed	The writer explains a single idea using two different statements. This is a form of Hebrew poetry used for emphasis, clarity, teaching, or all three. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	4	9	g9mp	figs-metaphor		0	the breath of God	This may represent the action of God giving a command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	4	9	my29	figs-metaphor		0	the blast of his anger	This expression suggests the heavy breathing that a person sometimes does through his nose when he is very angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	4	9	sm4n	figs-metaphor		0	breath … blast	The second builds on the first. They make the same point by using meanings that increase the result. “By the puff of God’s mouth they die; the rushing wind of his anger devastates them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	4	9	l8s1	figs-activepassive		0	perish … are consumed	The second phrase builds on the first. They make the same point. “By the puff of God’s breath they die, the rushing wind of his anger devastates them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	4	9	trx3	figs-metaphor		0	they are consumed	Here being consumed or eaten represents being killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	4	10	vnp3	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	The writer uses parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using different statements to emphasize God’s destruction of wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	4	10	mw99	figs-metaphor		0	The roaring of the lion, the voice of the fierce lion, the teeth of the young lions—they are broken.	Here a lion’s roar, his voice, and his teeth being broken are used as pictures of the wicked being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	4	10	l75n	figs-activepassive		0	they are broken	This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “something breaks them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	4	11	uru1			0	The old lion perishes for lack of victims; the cubs of the lioness are scattered everywhere	Eliphaz uses the picture of an old lion dying of hunger and of a lion’s family being scattered as metaphors for the wicked being destroyed.
JOB	4	11	n8m2	figs-activepassive		0	the cubs of the lioness are scattered	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “something scatters the cubs of the lioness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	4	12	n1td	figs-parallelism		0	Now a certain matter was secretly brought to me … my ear received a whisper about it	These phrases express the same idea in a different way. They convey the idea that Eliphaz heard a message whispered to him. This repetition is a form of Hebrew poetry used frequently for emphasis, teaching, or clarity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	4	13	h37a			0	visions in the night	Alternate translation: “dreams”
JOB	4	13	er9t			0	when deep sleep falls on people	Alternate translation: “when people sleep very deeply”
JOB	4	14	p54m	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	The writer uses parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using different statements to emphasize Eliphaz’s fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	4	14	pp18	figs-metaphor		0	fear and trembling came upon me	Here fear and trembling are spoken of as if they were objects that could come to a person. Alternate translation: “I began to be afraid and to tremble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	4	15	j3h8			0	the hair of my flesh stood up	This indicates great fear.
JOB	4	15	s6t7			0	the hair of my flesh	Alternate translation: “the hair on my body”
JOB	4	16	c4qg	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	The writer uses parallelism in verse 17, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize a question about the purity of man before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	4	16	vak8			0	A form was before my eyes	Alternate translation: “Something was before my eyes,” “I saw something”
JOB	4	16	dat7			0	and I heard	Alternate translation: “then I heard”
JOB	4	17	qqw3	figs-rquestion		0	Can a mortal man be more righteous than God?	Eliphaz poses this question so that Job will consider, “Do I regard myself as more righteous than God?” or “Am I justified before God?” Alternate translation: “A mortal man cannot be more righteous than God.” or “A mortal man cannot be righteous before God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	4	17	hw7d	figs-rquestion		0	Can a man be more pure than his Maker?	This question has the same purpose as the previous question. Alternate translation: “A man cannot be more pure than his Maker.” or “A man cannot be pure before his Maker.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	4	17	r4a7			0	his Maker	Alternate translation: “his Creator”
JOB	4	19	x3pk	figs-metaphor		0	those who live in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust	This is a figurative way of describing human beings, who were created out of the dust of the earth and whose bodies are like houses, which are made of clay and have dirt foundations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	4	19	r4dq	figs-metaphor		0	who are crushed sooner than a moth	Possible meanings for this metaphor are: (1) “who God destroys as easily as he crushes a moth” or (2) “whose lives are as short as the life of a moth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	4	20	ajf2	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	These verses continue the earlier use of parallelism, here emphasizing in different ways the idea that people die suddenly without having achieved wisdom and without concern from others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	4	20	m44u	figs-metaphor		0	Between morning and evening they are destroyed	This refers to the idea of something happening quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	4	20	znp6	figs-activepassive		0	they are destroyed	This may also be put into active form. Alternate translation: “they die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	4	21	n9su	figs-rquestion		0	Are not their tent cords plucked up among them?	This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Have not their enemies plucked up their tent cords from among them?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	4	21	ugp9	figs-synecdoche		0	their tent cords	Here tent cords represent a tent. Sometimes a person’s home and family are pictured as his tent, which can also represent all his possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	5	intro	kq38			0		# Job 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job’s friend, Eliphaz.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Eliphaz’s advice<br>Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>### Sickness and sin<br>In the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person’s illness was caused by sin. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While Yahweh may punish people because of their sin, not all sicknesses are caused by sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	5	1	gaw4	figs-rquestion		0	To which of the holy ones will you turn?	Eliphaz poses this question to make the point that there is no one Job can turn to for help. Alternate translation: “Is there a holy one to whom you may turn?” or “There is no holy one to whom you can turn for help.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	5	1	n2rw			0	holy ones	This refers to supernatural beings of some kind, whether angels or other spirits.
JOB	5	2	v7ip			0	jealousy kills the silly one	Alternate translation: “jealousy kills anyone who acts ignorantly and impulsively”
JOB	5	2	wt27	figs-genericnoun		0	the silly one	any silly person (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
JOB	5	3	bn1m	figs-genericnoun		0	a foolish person	any foolish person (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
JOB	5	3	za27	figs-metaphor		0	a foolish person taking root	Here a person is spoken of as if he were a plant, perhaps becoming more foolish over time. Alternate translation: “a foolish person becoming grounded in foolishness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	5	3	lcr1			0	his home	This refers to the person’s family and all his property.
JOB	5	4	j2um	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	These verses continue the earlier use of parallelism, here emphasizing in different ways the idea that the children of foolish people are never safe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	5	4	yz4i			0	His children are far from safety	Here, **His** refers to the foolish person or the foolish people in [Job 5:2](../05/02.md). Alternate translation: “Their children are never safe”
JOB	5	4	i7p9	figs-metaphor		0	are crushed	Here being crushed represents being oppressed, taken advantage of, at court. This idea may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “someone crushes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	5	4	e8js			0	city gate	The city gate, functioning as a court, was the place where disputes were resolved and where judgments were given.
JOB	5	4	ep6h			0	There is no one to rescue them	Alternate translation: “There is no one to help the foolish people’s children out of their hardship”
JOB	5	5	k9ap			0	they even take it from among the thorns	This perhaps refers to parts of a field where the worst crops grow, because of thorn plants present.
JOB	5	5	ded6	figs-metaphor		0	The thirsty pant for their wealth	Here greedy people are spoken of as if they were thirsty, and the wealth of the foolish person is spoken of as if it were something that they could drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	5	6	kx25	figs-metaphor		0	For difficulties do not come out from the soil; neither does trouble sprout from the ground	Here difficulties and trouble are spoken of as if they were plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	5	7	kz2s	figs-simile		0	mankind is born for trouble, just as sparks fly upward	It is as natural for people, once they are born, to have trouble as it is for sparks to fly up from a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	5	9	ep8u			0	great and unsearchable things, marvelous things without number	Alternate translation: “great things that cannot be understood, wonders that cannot be counted”
JOB	5	9	l8rt	figs-metaphor		0	unsearchable things	This refers to things that mankind cannot understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	5	9	ga9h	figs-hendiadys		0	great and unsearchable things	Here the writer uses two independent words connected by “and” to emphasize the greatness of God’s actions. Alternate translation: “greatly profound things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
JOB	5	9	sa4u			0	marvelous things	Alternate translation: “wonderful things” or “wonders”
JOB	5	11	die2	figs-metaphor		0	He does this in order to set up on high those who are low	Humble people in distress are spoken of as if they were in a low position. When God rescues them, they receive honor. When this happens, they are spoken of as being raised up and put into a high position. Alternate translation: “God does this in order to rescue and honor the humble who have been suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	5	12	z3jy	figs-metaphor		0	He breaks the plans	Here stopping the plans of crafty people is spoken of as if they were things that could be physically broken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	5	13	rw2w	figs-metaphor		0	He traps wise people in their own crafty actions	Here making wise people suffer for their own evil actions is spoken of as if it were catching them in traps. Their own actions are spoken of as if they were those traps. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	5	13	zp4c	figs-metaphor		0	twisted people	Here being evil in a clever way is spoken of as if it were being twisted. Alternate translation: “those who are cunning” or “those who are devious” or “those who are shrewd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	5	14	w5uy	figs-metaphor		0	They encounter darkness in the daytime	Here the cunning, wicked people whom God confuses are spoken of as if they unexpectedly are in the dark at noon, when the sun is at its highest position in the sky. They cannot do anything they wish to do, because they cannot see. Alternate translation: “Those who are cunning are in the dark, even at noontime” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	5	14	ua15			0	grope	feel around like a blind person
JOB	5	14	vnt6			0	noonday	the middle of the day, when the sun is highest and brightest
JOB	5	15	i885	figs-metaphor		0	But he saves the poor person from the sword in their mouths	Here the insulting and threatening things that people say are spoken of as if they were a sword in their mouths. Alternate translation: “But he saves the poor person from the threats of the mighty” or “But he saves the poor person when the mighty threaten or insult them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	5	16	exr5	figs-personification		0	injustice shuts her own mouth	People who say unjust things are spoken of as if they were the injustice itself, who must stop speaking. Alternate translation: “It is as though injustice shut her own mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	5	17	izq1			0	God corrects … chastening of the Almighty	God is pictured as a parent correcting or instructing a child.
JOB	5	17	jr16			0	blessed is the man whom God corrects	Alternate translation: “God really favors the man whom he corrects”
JOB	5	17	g1br			0	do not despise	Alternate translation: “do not reject” or “do not consider worthless”
JOB	5	17	c4un			0	chastening	Alternate translation: “instruction” or “correction” or “discipline”
JOB	5	18	fx57			0	For he wounds and then binds up; he wounds and then his hands heal	Alternate translation: “For he wounds but binds up; he crushes but his hands heal”
JOB	5	18	dgs2	figs-synecdoche		0	his hands heal	Here “his hands” represents God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	5	19	q4qe	figs-metaphor		0	He will rescue you out of six troubles; indeed, in seven troubles, no evil will touch you	The use of increasing numbers such as “six” and “seven” represents the idea of many, many times. Alternate translation: “He will rescue you out of trouble over and over again; indeed, time after time, no evil will touch you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	5	20	q1gi	figs-metaphor		0	In famine he will ransom you	Here rescuing is spoken of as if it were ransoming, buying back. Alternate translation: “In famine God will rescue you from danger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	5	20	cy63	figs-synecdoche		0	the hands of the sword	Here “hands” probably represents the people who attack with weapons, including swords. Alternate translation: “violent people” or “people who attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	5	21	h9ag	figs-abstractnouns		0	of destruction	Here “destruction” refers to the danger of being destroyed by enemies. Alternate translation: “that any enemy will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	5	22	m19v	writing-symlanguage		0	You will laugh at destruction and famine	Here “laugh” represents that the person is not afraid. Alternate translation: “You will not be afraid of any danger of destruction or famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
JOB	5	22	dbx6	figs-metaphor		0	beasts of the earth	This refers to wild animals. Alternate translation: “wild animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	5	23	kt43	figs-metaphor		0	you will have a covenant with the stones in your field	Here the stones in farmers’ fields are spoken of as if they were people that someone could have a covenant with. Alternate translation: “the stones in your fields will be like people who promise that they will not make any trouble for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	5	23	rr79	figs-idiom		0	the beasts of the field	This refers to dangerous wild animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	5	24	ew8g	figs-metaphor		0	You will know that your tent is in safety	Here “tent” represents a person’s family, household, and all his possessions. Alternate translation: “You will know that your family, servants, and everything you own are safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	5	24	i2fj			0	you will visit your sheepfold and you will not miss anything	Alternate translation: “when you visit where your flock stays at night, you will find all your sheep there”
JOB	5	25	fxb7	figs-metaphor		0	your seed will be great	Here “seed” represents a person’s descendants. Alternate translation: “your descendants will be many” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	5	25	f961	figs-simile		0	your offspring will be like the grass on the ground	Here “offspring” are spoken of as if they were as many as blades of grass, and probably as thriving, too. Alternate translation: “your descendants will be as many and as alive as the grass that grows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	5	26	a9gt			0	You will come to your grave at a full age	Alternate translation: “You will die at a very old age”
JOB	5	26	w6jt	figs-explicit		0	like a stack of grain bundles that goes up at its time	You may need to make explicit that the grain in this simile is fully ripe but not overly ripe. He would neither die young nor become weak in his old age. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	5	27	uwj5	figs-exclusive		0	See, we have examined this matter; it is like this; listen to it, and know it for yourself	The words “we” refers to Job’s friends but not to Job. Alternate translation: “Look, we have thought about this matter. Listen to what I am saying and know that it is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
JOB	6	intro	r7kh			0		# Job 6 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Eliphaz.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s righteousness<br>Despite being upset about his circumstances, and desiring his own death, Job does not curse God. He would rather have God end his life than to curse him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br>Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He also is upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	6	2	use6	figs-parallelism		0	if only my anguish were weighed; if only all my calamity were laid in the balance	Here the writer uses two different statements to convey a single idea, the burden of Job’s suffering. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if only I could weigh my anguish and all my calamities in the balance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	6	2	cqr6			0	in the balance	Alternate translation: “on a scale”
JOB	6	3	l5j1	figs-simile		0	For now it would be heavier than the sand of the seas	Job compares the burden of his suffering to the weight of wet sand; both can crush a person. Alternate translation: “For my anguish and calamities would be heavier than the sand on the seashore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	6	3	j9lz			0	my words were reckless	Alternate translation: “I spoke recklessly” or “I spoke rashly”
JOB	6	4	se7m	figs-metaphor		0	For the arrows of the Almighty are in me	This is a metaphor for Job’s suffering. He compares his many troubles to arrows that God has shot his body with. Alternate translation: “It is as though the Almighty has shot arrows into my body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	6	4	m898	figs-metaphor		0	my spirit drinks up the poison	“my spirit drinks up the arrows’ poison.” This continues the metaphor of the arrows, by implying that they had tips of poison and that Job feels the pain in his spirit. He speaks of feeling this pain as if his spirit drank the poison. Alternate translation: “I feel the pain of their poison in my inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	6	4	l3u6	figs-personification		0	the terrors of God have arranged themselves in array against me	Job speaks of the terrible things that have happened to him as if they were soldiers that God had lined up to attack him all at once. Alternate translation: “God has caused all the terrible things that could happen to happen to me all at once” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	6	4	sr2c	figs-metaphor		0	the terrors of God have arranged themselves in array against me	God causing many things to terrify Job is spoken of as if God’s terrors were soldiers lined up to attack Job. Alternate translation: “the terrors of God have arranged themselves like soldiers in an army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	6	5	vas3	figs-rquestion		0	Does the wild donkey bray in despair when he has grass? Or does the ox low in hunger when it has fodder?	Job poses these rhetorical questions to emphasize that he has a reason to complain. These question can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “Just as the wild donkey does not bray in despair when he has grass and as the ox does not low in hunger when he has fodder, I would not complain if I did not have a reason” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	6	5	h1b2			0	bray	the sound a donkey makes
JOB	6	5	i2r2			0	low	the sound an ox makes
JOB	6	5	tbl2			0	fodder	animal food
JOB	6	6	l3sd	figs-metaphor		0	Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg?	This could mean: (1) Job is comparing his displeasure for his circumstances to people’s dislike for bland food or (2) Job is comparing his displeasure for his friend’s advice to people’s dislike for bland food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	6	6	cg4r	figs-rquestion		0	Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg?	Job uses these rhetorical questions to emphasize his own displeasure. These questions can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tasteless food cannot be eaten without salt, just as there is no taste in the white of an egg.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	6	6	xfj2	figs-activepassive		0	Can that which has no taste be eaten	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Can you eat that which has no taste” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	6	7	hy2z			0	I refuse to touch them	“Them” refers to bad tasting foods.
JOB	6	9	yf92	figs-euphemism		0	to crush me once	This means for God to cause him to die. Alternate translation: “to crush me and let me die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOB	6	9	f53h	figs-idiom		0	that he would let loose his hand and cut me off from this life	The phrases “let loose his hand” is an idiom that means to act quickly. Also, the phrase “cut me off from this life” is a euphemism for killing him. Alternate translation: “that he would act quickly and cut short my life” or “that he would act quickly and end my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOB	6	10	gre4			0	even if I exult in pain that does not lessen	Alternate translation: “I would leap for joy in unending pain” or “I would endure pain that does not diminish”
JOB	6	10	a736			0	exult	Alternate translation: “rejoice”
JOB	6	10	f2zu			0	does not lessen	Alternate translation: “does not diminish”
JOB	6	10	ji9n			0	that I have not denied the words of the Holy One	This can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “that I have always obeyed the Holy One”
JOB	6	11	b1ue	figs-rquestion		0	What is my strength, that I should try to wait? What is my end, that I should prolong my life?	Job poses these questions to emphasize that he has no reason to continue living. These questions have the same meaning. They may be written as statements. Alternate translation: “I do not have enough strength to go on living; I have no reason to prolong my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	6	12	vp49	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	The writer uses parallel rhetorical questions in each of these verses to emphasize Job’s lack of strength to endure suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	6	12	n69y	figs-rquestion		0	Is my strength the strength of stones? Or is my flesh made of bronze?	Job describes the weakness of his body by saying that he is not as strong as rocks and bronze to emphasize his lack of strength. These rhetorical questions may be written as statements. Alternate translation: “I am not as strong as the rocks. My flesh is not as strong as metal.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	6	13	lg48	figs-rquestion		0	Is it not true that I have no help in myself … me?	Job uses this rhetorical question to emphasize his lack of wisdom and his weakness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Also, the phrase “no help in myself” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “It is true that I have no strength left … me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	6	13	h5wf	figs-activepassive		0	wisdom has been driven out of me	“my success has been taken from me.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my wisdom is gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	6	14	e6e6	figs-activepassive		0	To the person who is about to faint, faithfulness should be shown by his friend	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A friend should be faithful to the person who feels he is about to faint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	6	14	s4yi	figs-metaphor		0	who is about to faint	This speaks of a person who feels hopeless and is overwhelmed by his troubles as if he were about to physically faint. Alternate translation: “who feels hopeless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	6	14	naj8			0	even to him who forsakes the fear of the Almighty	“even if he stops fearing Almighty God.” This could mean: (1) the faint person does not fear God or (2) his friend does not fear God.
JOB	6	15	p13y	figs-simile		0	But my brothers have been as faithful to me as a desert streambed	Job speaks of his friends being unfaithful to him as being like a “wadi” which is a stream that can suddenly dry up. Also, Job refers to his friends ironically here as his “brothers.” Alternate translation: “But my friends are unfaithful to me. They are like a desert streambed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB	6	15	l6xj	figs-simile		0	as channels of water that pass away to nothing	“like streams of water that dry up.” Job continues speaking of his friends being unfaithful as if they were streams that dry up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	6	16	pnp2	figs-parallelism		0	which are darkened because of ice over them … and because of the snow that hides itself in them	These two phrases have the same meaning. They describe how the streambed is full of ice and snow in the winter. Alternate translation: “which look dark in the winter because they are covered with ice and are full of melted snow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	6	16	cq2i	figs-personification		0	because of the snow that hides itself in them	This speaks of the snow melting and the water going into the streambed as if the snow were hiding in the streambed. Alternate translation: “because the snow melts and goes into them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	6	17	z6dh	figs-parallelism		0	When they thaw out, they vanish … when it is hot, they melt out of their place	These two phrases have the same meaning. They describe how the streambed dries up in the hot season. Alternate translation: “When it is hot, the ice melts and the streambeds dry up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	6	18	t8lv	figs-metaphor		0		Job is continuing his description of his friends being as unreliable as streams that dry up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	6	18	vke1			0	The caravans that travel by their way turn aside for water	Alternate translation: “The caravans turn aside from the routes to find water” or “The caravans change course looking for water”
JOB	6	18	dm5v			0	The caravans	A caravan is a large group of travelers riding camels across the desert.
JOB	6	18	n26d			0	barren land	Alternate translation: “wasteland” or “empty land”
JOB	6	19	m9l7	translate-names		0	Tema … Sheba	These are the names of places. The people of these places used caravans to trade things with people from other lands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB	6	19	ua63			0	while companies of Sheba	Alternate translation: “while caravans from Sheba”
JOB	6	19	n6an			0	hoped in them	Alternate translation: “hoped for them” or “put their hope in them”
JOB	6	20	mue3	figs-activepassive		0	but they were deceived	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but they were disappointed” or “but they were not satisfied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	6	21	km28	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	In these verses, Job poses four questions to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he did not ask for help from any of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	6	21	gk7t			0	For now	Job uses this phrase to introduce the main part of what he is saying.
JOB	6	21	wa4z			0	you friends are nothing to me	Alternate translation: “you friends have not helped me at all”
JOB	6	21	zr7k	figs-explicit		0	are afraid	This means that they see the trouble Job has and are afraid of being in the same situation. Alternate translation: “you are afraid that God might do similar things to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	6	23	vq26	figs-rquestion		0	or, ‘Save me from my adversary’s hand’ or, ‘Ransom me from the hand of my oppressors’?	These words are the last of a series of rhetorical questions that begins in verse 22. Job uses these questions to emphasize that he has not asked his friends to give him anything or to help him. “I never said to you, ‘Give … me’ or, ‘Offer … wealth’ or, ‘Save … hand’ or, ‘Ransom … oppressors’.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	6	23	x1gs	figs-metonymy		0	my adversary’s hand … the hand of my oppressors	The word “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “having my adversary control me … having my oppressors control me” or “my adversary’s power … my oppressors’ power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	6	23	z65f			0	Ransom me	Alternate translation: “Rescue me”
JOB	6	24	t8mf	figs-you		0	Teach me … make me	These verbs “teach” and “make” are second person plural and are spoken to his friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOB	6	24	jg8f	figs-idiom		0	I will hold my peace	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will be silent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	6	25	ukw2			0	How painful are truthful words! But your arguments, how do they actually rebuke me?	The exact meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some Bibles translate “How painful” as “How pleasant.” Alternate translation: “When a person speaks the truth, it harms no one. But your arguments are not true, so how do they actually rebuke me?”
JOB	6	25	bt6s	figs-rquestion		0	But your arguments, how do they actually rebuke me?	Job is using this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that what they are saying does not apply to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your reasons for rebuking me do not apply to me even though you sternly correct me.” or “But your arguments against me are not true, so they do not actually rebuke me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	6	25	rrn5			0	your arguments	Alternate translation: “your reasons” or “your claims”
JOB	6	26	l7bp	figs-rquestion		0	Do you plan to ignore my words, treating the words of a desperate man like the wind?	Job uses this rhetorical question to scold his friends. He compares his words to the wind to explain that his friends act like his words are empty and useless. Alternate translation: “You ignore my words! I am a desperate man, and you treat my words as if they are as useless as the wind.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	6	26	zm1w	figs-you		0	Do you	“You” is in second person plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOB	6	27	w62r			0	you cast lots for a fatherless child	Alternate translation: “you would even gamble to win an orphan”
JOB	6	27	jib8	figs-you		0	you cast lots … haggle over your friend	Here “you” and “your” are in second person plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOB	6	27	q6lj	figs-simile		0	haggle over your friend like merchandise	This compares how the man would sell his friend to how a person sells merchandise or wares. Alternate translation: “bargain to sell your friend for money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	6	28	eq8v			0	Now	This word is used by Job to introduce new information.
JOB	6	28	m2bq	figs-you		0	please look	The verb “to look” is in second person plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOB	6	28	q6v3	figs-synecdoche		0	I would not lie to your face	The word “your” refers to Job’s friends. Here his friends are represented by their faces to emphasize that they are looking at him. Alternate translation: “I would not lie to you while I am looking at you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	6	29	c7zi			0	Relent, I beg you	Alternate translation: “Please be merciful to me” or “Stop speaking like this, I beg you”
JOB	6	29	fcq7	figs-doublenegatives		0	let there be no injustice with you	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “treat me fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JOB	6	29	hka9			0	Indeed, relent	Alternate translation: “Please relent.”
JOB	6	30	km3f	figs-rquestion		0	Is there evil on my tongue?	“Do I say wicked things?” Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he is not wicked. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not say wicked things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	6	30	z316	figs-metonymy		0	on my tongue	Here Job’s speech is represented by his “tongue.” Alternate translation: “in my speech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	6	30	f1ga	figs-rquestion		0	Cannot my mouth detect malicious things?	Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he can tell the difference between right and wrong. Here Job refers to himself by his “mouth” to emphasize his speech. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know what is right to say and what is wrong to say.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	7	intro	y5ka			0		# Job 7 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Eliphaz.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s righteousness<br>Despite being upset about his circumstances, and desiring his own death, Job does not curse God. He would rather have God end his life than to curse him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br>Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He also is upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	7	1	nz5u	figs-rquestion		0	Does not man have hard labor on earth?	Job poses this negative question to emphasize his awareness that all people experience hard work. It can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “There is hard labor for every person on earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	7	1	a1c6	figs-hyperbole		0	on earth	This is a generalization that means for the time people are living on the earth. Alternate translation: “while he lives on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOB	7	1	m3yt	figs-rquestion		0	Are not his days like the days of a hired man?	Job poses this negative question to emphasize his awareness that all people struggle in life. Alternate translation: “And their days are like the days of a hired man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	7	1	n56j			0	a hired man	“a day laborer.” This is a man who worked jobs one day at a time and was paid at the end of every day.
JOB	7	2	g9ji	figs-simile		0	Like a slave … like a hired man	Job compares his misery and trouble to that of the slave and hired man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	7	2	f1pu	figs-explicit		0	the shadows of evening	“cool shade.” The implied information is that the shadows of evening provide coolness and shade from the sun (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	7	2	d651			0	looks for his wages	Alternate translation: “waits for his pay”
JOB	7	3	fpt6	figs-activepassive		0	I have been made to endure months of misery; I have been given trouble-filled nights	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “so I endure months of misery; I get trouble-filled nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	7	3	cp2i	figs-explicit		0	months of misery	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **misery**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “miserable.” Alternate translation: “months when I am miserable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	7	4	m7jx	figs-explicit		0	When I lie down	The implied information is that this is when Job would lie down to sleep at night. Alternate translation: “When I lie down to sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	7	4	fij2	figs-rpronouns		0	I say to myself	Job poses a question to no one else in particular. Alternate translation: “I ask” or “I wonder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JOB	7	4	sf4y	figs-rquestion		0	When will I get up and when will the night be gone?	Job poses this question to emphasize his intense suffering during the hours he should be sleeping. Alternate translation: “I wish I could get up, but night continues.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	7	4	m4sv			0	tossing to and fro	“turning back and forth.” This indicates that Job has moved on his bed all night without any rest.
JOB	7	5	sh53	figs-metaphor		0	My flesh is clothed with worms and clods of dust	The worms and clods of dust are pictured as covering Job as if they were clothing. Alternate translation: “My flesh is covered with worms and clods of dust” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	7	5	l429	figs-synecdoche		0	My flesh	This represents his whole body. Alternate translation: “My body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	7	5	lry5			0	clods of dust	This could mean: (1) lumps or crusts of dirt or (2) scabs on the skin.
JOB	7	5	we79			0	dissolve and run afresh	Alternate translation: “break out again”
JOB	7	6	tf2g	figs-simile		0	My days are swifter than a weaver’s shuttle	Job compares his lifetime to the quickness of a weaver’s shuttle. Alternate translation: “My life goes by very quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	7	6	pvg2			0	weaver	a person who makes cloth by crossing threads or yarn
JOB	7	6	fy2b			0	a weaver’s shuttle	a moving part that carries thread or yarn back and forth quickly in a loom when making cloth
JOB	7	7	uf8v			0	call to mind	“remember.” The phrase “call to mind” does not mean God forgot. Job is asking God to consider or think about the shortness of Job’s life.
JOB	7	7	ee27	figs-metaphor		0	my life is only a breath	Job compares the shortness of his life to the shortness of a breath. Alternate translation: “my life is very short, like taking one breath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	7	7	bw35	figs-synecdoche		0	my eye will no more see good	Here “my eye” represents Job’s whole person and his ability to see or experience things. Alternate translation: “I will never again experience good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	7	8	f5vc	figs-explicit		0	The eye of God, who sees me, will see me no more	Many versions of the Bible translate this as “The eye which sees me will see me no more.” The words “of God” were added to this phrase because they are implied by the context. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	7	8	p6u5	figs-synecdoche		0	The eye of God, who sees me … God’s eyes will be on me	Here God is represented by his “eye” to emphasize what he looks at. Alternate translation: “God who watches me … God will look for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	7	9	q76u	figs-simile		0	As a cloud is consumed and vanishes away, so he who goes down to Sheol will come up no more	Job is describing death as being like the clouds that disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	7	9	m6z6	figs-activepassive		0	As a cloud is consumed	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “As a cloud fades” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	7	9	g4h1			0	he who goes down to Sheol will come up no more	Alternate translation: “he who dies will not return”
JOB	7	10	xnf4	figs-metonymy		0	his place	The words “his place” represent those who live in his place. Alternate translation: “the people who live in his place” or “his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	7	11	ed6a	figs-parallelism		0	I will speak in the anguish of my spirit; I will complain in the bitterness of my soul	Job conveys a single idea using two different statements to emphasize the reason he will not remain silent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	7	11	q76q	figs-metonymy		0	I will not restrain my mouth	Here the mouth represents speech. Alternate translation: “I will not restrain my speech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	7	11	v8zz	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the anguish of my spirit	“in the distress of my spirit” or “in the torment of my suffering.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anguish**, you can express the same idea with the adverb “distress.” Alternate translation: “while my spirit is distressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	7	11	ti81	figs-metaphor		0	in the bitterness of my soul	Here sorrow is spoken of as if it tasted bitter, and “soul” refers to the whole man. Alternate translation: “with anger and resentment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	7	12	qy6r	figs-rquestion		0	Am I the sea or a sea monster that you place a guard over me?	Job poses this question to express his anger at God. In comparing himself to the sea or a sea monster, Job suggests that God regards him as a hideous creature. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not the sea or a sea monster that needs a guard to watch it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	7	13	v7e8	figs-metonymy		0	My bed will comfort me, and my couch will ease my complaint	Here “bed” and “couch” are metonyms for “sleep.” In lying down to sleep, Job would hope to be comforted. The metonyms also have human attributes; they have the ability to comfort and ease a person. Alternate translation: “My bed, my couch, will be like someone who can comfort me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	7	13	d3uy			0	My bed … my couch	These phrases refer to the same thing. Alternate translation: “My bed … my bed”
JOB	7	14	pf6s			0	you scare me	“you” here refers to God
JOB	7	15	et7t			0	strangling	killing a person by squeezing the throat and stopping the breathing
JOB	7	15	nee4	figs-synecdoche		0	these bones of mine	Here Job uses the word “bones” to refer to his body. Alternate translation: “This body of mine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	7	16	jd5k	figs-parallelism		0		The writer continues to use parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize the impact of Job’s misery on his sense of self worth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	7	16	th4d			0	I loathe my life	Alternate translation: “I despise my life”
JOB	7	16	eu9h			0	to always be alive	Alternate translation: “to live forever”
JOB	7	16	yp5g			0	my days are useless	Alternate translation: “my days are pointless” or “the days of my life are empty”
JOB	7	17	awx9	figs-rquestion		0		Job asks a rhetorical question to say that he does not understand why God should pay attention to people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	7	17	w1ri	figs-metonymy		0	set your mind on him	Here the mind represents thoughts and attention. To “set your mind on” means to give attention to. Alternate translation: “direct your attention to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	7	18	s64b	figs-rquestion		0	that you should observe … every moment?	This is the end of the rhetorical question that Job begins asking with the words “What is man that” in verse 17. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “Tell me what man is that … mind on him, that you should observe … every moment.” or “I do not understand what man is that … mind on him, that you should observe … every moment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	7	18	cdq5			0	observe him	Alternate translation: “carefully examine him”
JOB	7	19	eb8v	figs-parallelism		0	How long will it be … swallow down my own saliva?	Here Job conveys a single idea using two different rhetorical questions to emphasize his wish that God would stop watching him. Alternate translation: “Look away from me! Leave me alone long enough for me to swallow my own saliva!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	7	19	ts1s			0	saliva	liquid produced in people’s mouths that keeps the mouth moist and helps to swallow food
JOB	7	20	wwv1	figs-rquestion		0	Even if I have sinned … burden for you?	Job poses these questions to argue against God treating him unfairly. Alternate translation: “Even if I have sinned, that would do nothing to you, as you watch over people. Tell me why you have made me your target, so that I am a burden for you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	7	21	gzz5	figs-parallelism		0	Why do you not pardon my transgression and take away my iniquity?	Here Job uses two similar clauses within a rhetorical question to emphasize his point. Possible meanings are: (1) Job is asking why God does not forgive him. Alternate translation: “Tell me why you do not pardon my transgression and take away my iniquity.” or (2) Job is asking God why he cannot just overlook his supposed wrongdoings. Alternate translation: “Tell me why you do not just bear with my transgression and iniquity.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	7	21	ek8a			0	take away	Alternate translation: “remove”
JOB	7	21	yf7g	figs-metonymy		0	now will I lie down in the dust	The phrase “lie down in the dust” is a metonym that represents dying. Alternate translation: “now I will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	7	21	uz1p			0	I will not exist	Alternate translation: “I will not be here” or “I will be gone”
JOB	8	intro	md4v			0		# Job 8 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job’s friend, Bildad.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Bildad’s advice<br>Bildad tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Bildad gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Bildad uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Bildad’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	8	1	emj8	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Verses 2 and 3 each consist of two different questions that have the same meaning. Bildad uses these questions to rebuke Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	8	1	xwz1			0	Connecting Statement:	In this chapter, Bildad begins to speak about Job’s complaints.
JOB	8	1	y8y8	translate-names		0	Then Bildad the Shuhite answered	“Bildad” is the name of a man who is a member of the tribe of Shuah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB	8	2	gg55	figs-metaphor		0	How long will the words of your mouth be a mighty wind?	Bildad speaks of Job’s words as if they are as empty and insubstantial as the wind. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “The words of your mouth are as insignificant as a mighty wind.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	8	3	x959	figs-rquestion		0	Does God pervert justice? Does the Almighty pervert righteousness?	Here “God” and “the Almighty” both refer to Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind these questions as statements. Alternate translation: “God does not pervert justice; the Almighty does not pervert righteousness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	8	3	p2fp			0	pervert justice?…pervert righteousness?	Alternate translation: “approve of and do what is not just?…approve of and do what is not righteous?”
JOB	8	4	icy5	figs-metonymy		0	for he gave them into the hand of their sins	Here “hand” represents the power or results of sin. Bildad implies that God killed Job’s children because of their sin. Alternate translation: “for God caused the consequences of your children’s sins to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	8	5	lpy9	figs-hypo		0	But suppose you diligently sought God and presented your request to the Almighty	Bildad is saying what would have happened if Job had correctly spoken to God, but Bildad does not believe that Job really did this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB	8	5	q7cd	figs-doublet		0	diligently sought God … presented your request to the Almighty	These two phrases both refer to Job asking God for help or pleading with God for mercy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB	8	5	c9ii			0	diligently sought God	Alternate translation: “earnestly asked God for help”
JOB	8	6	u412	figs-hypo		0	General Information:	Bildad says that God would treat Job well if he was pure, but Bildad does not believe that Job is pure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB	8	6	a4ua			0	If you are pure and upright	Alternate translation: “If only you were pure and righteous” or “If only you would obey God and do what is right”
JOB	8	6	f6a2	figs-metaphor		0	stir himself on your behalf	Here Yahweh is spoken of as if he woke from sleep to help Job. Alternate translation: “help you” or “do good things for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	8	6	k3xq			0	restore you to your rightful place	This refers to giving back to Job the things he lost, including his family, wealth, and honor.
JOB	8	7	cd7r	figs-metaphor		0	Even though your beginning was small, still your final condition would be much greater	Here lack of wealth is spoken of as being a “small beginning.” Alternate translation: “Even if you were poor early in your life, God would make you very wealthy later in your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	8	8	iq7n			0	give your attention to what our ancestors learned	Alternate translation: “study carefully what our ancestors discovered” or “consider the things our forefathers learned”
JOB	8	9	m5vp	figs-metaphor		0	our days on earth are a shadow	The shortness of life is spoken of as if it were a shadow which quickly disappears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	8	10	h2ae	figs-rquestion		0	Will they not teach you and tell you? Will they not speak words from their hearts?	Bildad uses these rhetorical questions to rebuke Job for not agreeing with Bildad and the ancestors. They can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “They will teach you and tell you and speak what they sincerely believe.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	8	10	u4ad	figs-metonymy		0	from their hearts	Here the word “hearts” represents their inner beliefs. Alternate translation: “that they sincerely believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	8	11	a2hm			0	General Information:	It is unclear if this verse is the teaching of Bildad, or if Bildad is quoting the sayings of the ancestors of [Job 8:8-10](./08.md).
JOB	8	11	tj37	figs-rquestion		0	Can papyrus grow without a marsh? Can reeds grow without water?	Bildad uses these two parallel questions to emphasize the single point that people cannot live without God. Here the plants represent people and the water represents God. The questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Papyrus plants cannot grow away from the marshes. Reeds cannot grow without water.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	8	11	ig9q			0	papyrus	a tall reed-like plant that grows in shallow water
JOB	8	12	ht78			0	General Information:	It is unclear if this verse is the teaching of Bildad, or if Bildad is quoting the sayings of the ancestors of [Job 8:8-10](./08.md).
JOB	8	12	q4x1	figs-explicit		0	While they are still green and not cut down, they wither before any other plant	It is implied that they wither when there is no water. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Without water, they stop growing and wither faster than any other plant, even if no one cuts them down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	8	12	ugh5			0	wither	Alternate translation: “dry up”
JOB	8	13	vn8n			0	General Information:	It is unclear if this verse is the teaching of Bildad, or if Bildad is quoting the sayings of the ancestors of [Job 8:8-10](./08.md).
JOB	8	13	y6pd	figs-metonymy		0	So also are the paths of all who forget God	Here “the paths” represents a person’s future and the events that will happen to them. Alternate translation: “The same thing will happen to everyone who forgets God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	8	13	fc76			0	the hope of the godless will perish	Alternate translation: “the things the godless person desires will not happen”
JOB	8	14	m1bj	figs-genericnoun		0	General Information:	It is unclear if this verse is the teaching of Bildad, or if Bildad is quoting the sayings of the ancestors of [Job 8:8-10](./08.md). In this verse the pronoun “his” refers to the godless person, who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns “they” and “their.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
JOB	8	14	yg2t	figs-parallelism		0	His confidence will break apart … his trust is as weak as a spider’s web	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the godless person is trusting in something that cannot save him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	8	14	e61x	figs-simile		0	his trust is as weak as a spider’s web	Here Bildad compares the trust of the godless person to a spider’s web; the slightest force will break both. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	8	15	h15h	figs-genericnoun		0	General Information:	In this verse the pronouns “he” and “him” refer to the godless person, who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns “they” and “their.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
JOB	8	15	g7al	figs-metaphor		0	He leans on his house, but it will not support him; he takes hold of it, but it does not stand	This statement probably refers to a man relying on his property and wealth for security. If so, then “house” here represents the owner’s property and wealth. Alternate translation: “He thinks he will be safe because he is wealthy, but he will not be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	8	15	r6mq	figs-litotes		0	it will not support him	This negative statement emphasizes the opposite. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “he will fall down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOB	8	15	s164	figs-litotes		0	it does not stand	This negative statement emphasizes the opposite. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “it will fall down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOB	8	16	zn7y	figs-genericnoun		0	General Information:	Here pronouns “he” and “his” refer to the godless person, who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns “they” and “their.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
JOB	8	16	x5ph	figs-metaphor		0	Under the sun he is green, and his shoots go out over his entire garden	Here Bildad compares the godless person to a plant that is healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	8	16	d31w			0	Under the sun he is green	The meaning of the Hebrew text is unclear. This could mean: (1) he is healthy during the day or (2) he is watered before the sun rises.
JOB	8	17	i19y	figs-genericnoun		0	General Information:	In this verse the pronoun “his” refers to the godless person, who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns “they” and “their.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
JOB	8	17	cty7	figs-parallelism		0	His roots are wrapped about the heaps of stone … they look for good places among the rocks	These two phrases have similar meaning, but the meaning is unclear. This could mean: (1) he appears to be well-rooted in the rocks, taking advantage of every opening or (2) his roots cannot find fertile ground and must try to find nutrients among the rocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	8	18	qe8b	figs-genericnoun		0	General Information:	In this verse the pronouns “his” and “him” refer to the godless person, who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns “they” and “their.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
JOB	8	18	ib86	figs-activepassive		0	if this person is destroyed out of his place	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if someone pulls him out of his place” or “if a gardener tears him out of the garden” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	8	18	tq8v			0	his place	Alternate translation: “the rocky ground” or “the garden”
JOB	8	18	b7jg	figs-personification		0	that place will deny him and say, ‘I never saw you.’	The garden is spoken of as if it had human ability to speak. The garden immediately forgets that he existed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	8	19	llr9	figs-irony		0	this is the “joy” of such a person’s behavior	Bildad is speaking with irony to express that there is not any real joy for the godless person. Alternate translation: “this is all the joy they will receive from their godless actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB	8	19	z27b	figs-metaphor		0	other plants will sprout out of the same soil in his place	Bildad continues the metaphor from [Job 8:16-18](./16.md). Other godless people are spoken of as plants who take the place of the first godless man when he dies. Alternate translation: “when one wicked man dies, another will take his place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	8	19	n1qg			0	sprout	Alternate translation: “grow”
JOB	8	19	j8fx			0	the same soil	Alternate translation: “the rocky ground” or “the garden”
JOB	8	19	y97b			0	in his place	Alternate translation: “in the place of the godless man”
JOB	8	20	i9v4			0	God will not cast away an innocent man	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “God will accept an innocent man”
JOB	8	20	gz4z	figs-metonymy		0	neither will he take the hand of evildoers	Here “take the hand” refers to help or support. Alternate translation: “God will not support people who do evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	8	21	td9s	figs-parallelism		0	He will yet fill your mouth with laughter, your lips with shouting	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how happy Job would be if he were innocent. The word “he” refers to God and “your” refers to Job. Alternate translation: “God will make you very happy again if you are innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	8	21	ezc5	figs-metaphor		0	fill your mouth with laughter	God causing Job to laugh is spoken of as if God had poured laughter into Job’s mouth. Alternate translation: “cause you to continually laugh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	8	21	e5gp	figs-ellipsis		0	your lips with shouting	The verb “fill” is understood from the previous clause. God causing him to shout for joy is spoken of as if God had poured joy into Job’s mouth. Alternate translation: “God will cause you to shout for joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	8	22	tc4g	figs-metaphor		0	Those who hate you will be clothed with shame	Here “shame” is spoken of as if it were clothing that God will cause Job’s enemies to wear. This means they will be very ashamed. Alternate translation: “God will cause those who hate you to be very ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	8	22	k5y9			0	the tent of the wicked will be no more	Here “tent” refers to the homes of the wicked. Alternate translation: “the houses of the wicked will be destroyed”
JOB	8	22	uz63			0	will be no more	Alternate translation: “will not last” or “will be destroyed”
JOB	9	intro	n51u			0		# Job 9 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Bildad.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s righteousness and Yahweh’s power<br>Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Job does not think that he can make a claim against Yahweh because only God is perfectly wise and just. Yahweh is truly powerful and Job understands this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br>Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express himself or to describe Yahweh’s power. He is also upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Bildad that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	9	2	e369			0	I truly know that this is so	Alternate translation: “I know that what you say is true”
JOB	9	2	a9ku			0	this is so	Here the word “this” refers to what Bildad said.
JOB	9	2	r4pi			0	how can a person be in the right with God?	Alternate translation: “how can anyone be innocent before God?”
JOB	9	3	a6um			0	argue	dispute
JOB	9	3	el71	figs-idiom		0	he cannot answer him once in a thousand times	“Once in a thousand times” here is an idiom that means “at all.” This could mean: (1) “he cannot give any answer to God” or (2) “God will not answer him at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	9	3	t9fi			0	a thousand times	Alternate translation: “1,000 times”
JOB	9	4	mh8a	figs-metonymy		0	wise in heart	Here the heart represents the inner being or thoughts. Alternate translation: “wise in what he decides” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	9	4	f7rj	figs-abstractnouns		0	mighty in strength	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “strong.” Alternate translation: “mighty in how strong he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	9	4	b286	figs-rpronouns		0	hardened himself against him	To harden oneself means to be stubborn. Alternate translation: “resisted him” or “defied him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JOB	9	5	at5b			0	he who removes the mountains	Alternate translation: “God removes the mountains”
JOB	9	6	m19t			0	he who shakes the earth	Alternate translation: “God shakes the earth”
JOB	9	6	xth3			0	sets its supports trembling	Alternate translation: “makes its foundations tremble”
JOB	9	7	mt2x			0	who covers up the stars	Alternate translation: “who blocks the stars from view”
JOB	9	8	lya7	figs-rpronouns		0	who by himself stretches out the heavens	God is spoken of as creating the heavens without any help, as if the heavens were fabric that he stretches out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	9	8	xis1	figs-metaphor		0	tramples down the waves of the sea	God is spoken of as calming the sea as if with his feet. Alternate translation: “puts his feet down on the waves of the sea” or “calms the waves of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	9	9	n4y8	translate-unknown		0	the Bear, Orion, the Pleiades	These are the names of constellations, which are groups of stars that seem like they form a particular shape in the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JOB	9	9	taz3			0	Orion	a famous hunter in Greek mythology
JOB	9	9	x429			0	Pleiades	several bright stars that look like they are close together in the sky
JOB	9	9	uzy5			0	constellations	groups of stars that seem like they form a particular shape in the sky
JOB	9	10	h9d9	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	The writer uses parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using double statements to emphasize that God is great, unseen, and sovereign. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	9	10	g1vu			0	unsearchable things	Alternate translation: “things that cannot be understood”
JOB	9	11	j3wr			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
JOB	9	11	l3a7			0	he passes on	Alternate translation: “he passes by” or “he moves on”
JOB	9	12	tc75	figs-rquestion		0	If he takes something away, who can stop him? Who can say to him, ‘What are you doing?	These are rhetorical questions that expect an answer of “No one.” They can be reworded as statements. Alternate translation: “If he takes something away, no one can stop him. No one can ask him, ‘What are you doing?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	9	12	gm8n			0	If he takes something away	Alternate translation: “If he takes someone away” or “If he wants to snatch something away”
JOB	9	13	e9gu	translate-symaction		0	the helpers of Rahab bow beneath him	Here “bow beneath him” symbolizes submission or defeat. Alternate translation: “he crushes the helpers of Rahab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB	9	13	nzr2	translate-names		0	Rahab	The word “Rahab” here refers to a monster of the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB	9	14	z61q	figs-parallelism		0	How much less could I answer him, could I choose words to reason with him?	Job poses two similar questions to emphasize his reluctance to confront God. They can be reworded as a statement. Alternate translation: “So I certainly could not answer him or choose words to reason with him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	9	17	w3dc	figs-metaphor		0	For he breaks me with a tempest	Job compares his troubles from God to the effects of a tempest. Alternate translation: “He injures me as if with a tempest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	9	17	qb29			0	tempest	a powerful or violent storm
JOB	9	17	rl4w			0	multiplies my wounds	Alternate translation: “gives me many wounds” or “wounds me again and again”
JOB	9	17	qw6a			0	without cause	Alternate translation: “even though I have not given him cause to do so” or “even though I am innocent”
JOB	9	18	bw17	figs-idiom		0	to regain my breath	This is an idiom that means “to be able to breathe again” or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	9	18	uqz6	figs-metaphor		0	he fills me with bitterness	This verse pictures God as filling up Job’s life with things that make him bitter. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **bitterness**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “bitter.” Alternate translation: “he fills me up with bitter things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	9	19	qi46			0	If it is a matter of strength	Alternate translation: “If there is a contest of strength”
JOB	9	19	ad8i			0	behold, he is mighty	Alternate translation: “look and you will see that he is mighty” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you: he is mighty”
JOB	9	19	a2rc			0	he is mighty	Alternate translation: “he is the strong one”
JOB	9	19	fjk3	figs-rquestion		0	who can summon him?	This question expects an answer of “No one” to make the point that no one is able to bring God to court. This can be reworded as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one can summon him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	9	20	q6qk	figs-parallelism		0	Though I am in the right, my own mouth would condemn me; and though I am blameless, my words would prove me to be guilty	This verse expresses the same idea twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	9	20	xtf8	figs-idiom		0	Though I am in the right	Here “I am in the right” means I am the one who has done right things. Alternate translation: “Although I have done right things” or “Even though I am innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JOB	9	20	grl2	figs-metonymy		0	my own mouth would condemn me	Here “mouth” represents Job’s words. Alternate translation: “my own words would accuse me” or “what I say would condemn me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	9	20	ci26			0	blameless	Alternate translation: “faultless”
JOB	9	20	dd24	figs-metaphor		0	my words would prove me to be guilty	Here “my words” are spoken of as if they could take action. Alternate translation: “God would use what I say to prove me guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	9	20	j9y3			0	guilty	The word here has the meaning of “twisted” or “crooked.”
JOB	9	21	n1sz			0	I am blameless	Alternate translation: “I am faultless”
JOB	9	21	ruv5			0	about myself	Alternate translation: “what happens to me”
JOB	9	22	ahw1			0	It makes no difference	Alternate translation: “It is all the same” or “It does not matter”
JOB	9	22	e1i7	figs-merism		0	he destroys blameless people and wicked people together	Here “blameless” and “wicked” are two extremes for a merism that include everything in between. Alternate translation: “he brings everyone to an end, whether they are blameless or wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JOB	9	23	hsd9	figs-metaphor		0	When a whip suddenly kills	The word “whip” here is a metaphor for any kind of disaster. Alternate translation: “When a disaster suddenly happens and people die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	9	23	m78u	figs-metonymy		0	the despair of the innocent	The word “despair” is an abstract noun that can be translated by the verb “despair.” Here it is a metonym for the innocent who are despairing. Alternate translation: “the innocent who are despairing” or “the innocent who have lost all hope” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	9	23	sgu2	figs-nominaladj		0	innocent	This is a nominalized adjective. Alternate translation: “innocent people”. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JOB	9	24	v13g	figs-activepassive		0	The earth is given	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God gives the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	9	24	rz2j	figs-metonymy		0	The earth is	Here “the earth” is used to represent the people on the earth. Alternate translation: “The people of the world are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	9	24	g65c	figs-metonymy		0	into the hand of	Here “hand” is a metonym for “control.” Alternate translation: “into the control of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	9	24	l9pz	figs-idiom		0	God covers the faces of its judges	This idiom means God keeps the judges of the earth from being able to judge the difference between right and wrong. Alternate translation: “God makes its judges blind” or “God keeps its judges from judging rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	9	24	y1iv			0	If it is not he who does it, then who is it?	Alternate translation: “If it is not God who does these things, then who does them?”
JOB	9	25	aw7i	figs-simile		0	My days are swifter than a running messenger	Job compares how quickly his days are passing by to a fast runner. Alternate translation: “My days pass swiftly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	9	25	um75			0	running messenger	Alternate translation: “runner” or “running man”
JOB	9	25	s36p	figs-personification		0	my days flee away	This pictures the days of Job’s life as being able to run away like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	9	25	a6zy	figs-personification		0	they see no good anywhere	This pictures the days of Job’s life as being able to see like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	9	25	ej64			0	no good	Alternate translation: “no good thing”
JOB	9	26	icr6	figs-simile		0	They are as fast as papyrus reed boats	Job compares how quickly his days are passing by to the speed of fast boats. Alternate translation: “They pass quickly by like papyrus reed boats” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	9	26	hle5			0	papyrus reed boats	“boats made out of reeds.” Papyrus reed is a hollow grass that grows along the banks of rivers.
JOB	9	26	vrq5	figs-simile		0	as fast as the eagle that swoops down on its victim	Job compares how quickly his days are passing by to a large bird diving toward its prey. Alternate translation: “as fast as the eagle that flies down quickly to catch its food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	9	26	iuy1			0	swoops down	Alternate translation: “rushes down”
JOB	9	27	wk23	figs-abstractnouns		0	I would forget about my complaints	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **complaint**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “complain.” Alternate translation: “I would stop complaining” or “I would stop complaining against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	9	27	gn93	figs-explicit		0	my complaints	It can be stated clearly whom Job was complaining against. Alternate translation: “my complaints against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	9	27	vk9t	figs-metaphor		0	I would take off my sad face and be happy	Job’s sad face is spoken of here as if it was something that could be removed. Alternate translation: “I would stop looking unhappy and smile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	9	28	rek4	grammar-connect-words-phrases		0	I would be afraid of all my sorrows	Verses 28 and 29 express the consequences if Job does what he says in verse 27. This can be expressed by adding the word “then.” Alternate translation: “Then I would be afraid of all my sorrows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
JOB	9	28	hqx2	figs-abstractnouns		0	of all my sorrows	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sorrows**, you can express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “of everything that hurts me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	9	29	js2a	figs-activepassive		0	I will be condemned	“I will be accused and punished.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will condemn me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	9	29	w57l	figs-rquestion		0	why, then, should I try in vain?	Job uses this question to emphasize that he does not think it is of any use trying to get God’s attention. The implied information about what Job is trying can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “It is of no use to try to get God’s attention.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	9	30	l6jt			0	If I washed myself with snow water	Alternate translation: “If I bathed my body in pure, clean water”
JOB	9	30	y111			0	snow water	the water that comes from melted snow
JOB	9	30	b7il			0	snow	white flakes of frozen water that fall from clouds in places where the air temperature is cold
JOB	9	30	a4jk			0	made my hands ever so clean	Some other versions of the Bible translate this with the meaning of “cleaned my hands with very strong soap.” Alternate translation: “made my hands exceedingly clean”
JOB	9	31	sz3q			0	plunge me in a ditch	Alternate translation: “throw me into a pit”
JOB	9	31	vh45	figs-personification		0	my own clothes would be disgusted with me	Job’s clothing is spoken of as if it would have a negative response to Job after God plunged him into a ditch. Alternate translation: “I would be too filthy for my own clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	9	32	va67	figs-explicit		0	answer him	Job implies that God has charged him of doing wrong, and he wants to respond to those charges. Alternate translation: “answer his charges against me” or “defend myself” or “argue my innocence with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	9	32	yb3i	figs-metonymy		0	come together in court	“come together to trial.” Here “court” is a place where people can come and a judge will settle disputes. “Coming together in court” is a metonym for going against each other in a court of law. Alternate translation: “confront each other before a judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	9	33	z743			0	There is no judge between us	This means there is no judge who is greater than God who could decide what is right between him and Job.
JOB	9	33	es66	figs-idiom		0	lay his hand upon us both	Here “lay his hand upon” means having power or authority over. Alternate translation: “take hold of both of us” or “have authority over both of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	9	34	hm1t			0	Connecting Statement:	These verses continue the previous argument that no one is greater than God who could act as a judge between God and Job.
JOB	9	34	cc5r	figs-metonymy		0	take God’s rod off me	Here “God’s rod” is a metonym for God punishing or correcting Job. Alternate translation: “stop God from punishing me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	9	34	vs1b	figs-abstractnouns		0	keep his terror from frightening me	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “terrify.” Alternate translation: “keep him from terrifying and frightening me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	9	35	fa78			0	Then would I speak up	Alternate translation: “Then I would speak”
JOB	9	35	ug86			0	as things are now	Alternate translation: “because this is how things are now”
JOB	10	intro	ul99			0		# Job 10 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Bildad.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s righteousness<br>Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse Yahweh. Instead, he defends himself to Yahweh, while trusting in his decision. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to defend himself. He does not believe that he committed a sin deserving severe punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	10	1	ch7h			0	I am weary of my life	Alternate translation: “I am tired of living”
JOB	10	1	p5cl	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will give free expression to my complaint	The abstract nouns “expression” and “complaint” can be translated as the verbs “express” and “complain.” Alternate translation: “I will freely express what I have to complain about” or “I will argue freely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	10	1	zk1f	figs-metaphor		0	I will speak in the bitterness of my soul	How Job feels is compared to a bitter taste. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **bitterness**, you can express the same idea with the adverb “bitterly.” Alternate translation: “My inner being will speak bitterly” or “I will bitterly speak out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	10	3	aaw5	figs-rquestion		0	Is it good to you that you should oppress me, to despise the work of your hands while you smile on the plans of the wicked?	This question expects a “no” answer and can be changed into a statement. Alternate translation: “It is not good that you should oppress me, that you should despise the work of your hands, while you smile on the plans of the wicked.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	10	3	vw7h	figs-synecdoche		0	the work of your hands	Here God is represented by his “hands.” Alternate translation: “what you have created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	10	3	q8wf	figs-idiom		0	smile on the plans of the wicked	Here the idiom “smiling on” represents God’s approval. Alternate translation: “approve the plans of the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	10	4	d65r	figs-parallelism		0	Do you have eyes of flesh? Do you see like a man sees?	These two questions have nearly the same meaning. These questions expect a negative answer to emphasize that God does not see or understand things the same way a man does. They can be expressed as statements. Alternate translation: “You do not have eyes of flesh, and you do not see like a man sees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	10	5	e9t6	figs-rquestion		0		Job begins to ask a rhetorical question. He is saying that God lives forever but people live only for a short time, so God should not worry about Job’s sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	10	5	awt6	figs-parallelism		0	your days like the days of mankind … your years like the years of people	These two phrases have nearly the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	10	5	st4n			0	your days	Alternate translation: “the number of your days”
JOB	10	5	tjp4			0	your years	Alternate translation: “the number of your years”
JOB	10	6	qf3d			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues the rhetorical question he began in verse 5. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)
JOB	10	6	zdk3			0	inquire after my iniquity	Alternate translation: “look to see if I have committed iniquity”
JOB	10	7	eu61			0	Connecting Statement:	This is the end of the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Are your days” in verse 5.
JOB	10	7	s3k7	figs-rquestion		0	although you know … from your hand?	This is the end of the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Are your days” in verse 5. The whole question can be translated as a statement. “Your days are not like the days of mankind, and your years are not like the years of people, so you should not inquire after my iniquity and search after my sin, because you know I am not guilty and there is no one who can rescue me from your hand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	10	7	vzd3	figs-synecdoche		0	from your hand	Here “your hand” represents God’s power. Alternate translation: “from your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	10	8	tx92	figs-synecdoche		0	Your hands	Here “hands” represent God and his creative action. Alternate translation: “You” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	10	8	x1dy	figs-metaphor		0	Your hands have framed and fashioned me together round about	Job is using a metaphor of a potter forming clay to describe how God carefully created him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	10	8	p1ml	figs-doublet		0	framed and fashioned me	“shaped and formed me.” The words “framed” and “fashioned” are similar in meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB	10	9	l83b			0	Call to mind	Alternate translation: “Remember”
JOB	10	9	zg5j			0	bring me into dust again	Alternate translation: “turn me back into dust again”
JOB	10	10	vpu6	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	In these verses, Job uses the language of poetry to describe how God formed him in the womb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
JOB	10	10	h664	figs-rquestion		0	Have you not poured me out like milk and curdled me like cheese?	This is a question that expects a positive answer. Alternate translation: “You poured me out like milk and curdled me like cheese.” or “You formed me in the womb like poured milk becomes cheese.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	10	10	c2ul			0	you	Here “you” refers to God.
JOB	10	10	wk3h			0	me	Here “me” refers to Job.
JOB	10	11	p9pw	figs-metaphor		0	You have clothed me with skin and flesh	God putting skin and flesh on Job’s body is spoken of as if God was putting clothing on him. Alternate translation: “You have put skin and flesh on my body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	10	11	mxm1	figs-metaphor		0	knit me together	“wove me together.” God putting Job’s body together in the womb is spoken of as if God was knitting or weaving a piece of cloth. Alternate translation: “put me together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	10	11	hut9			0	sinews	the parts of the body that connect muscles to bones or other body parts and are like tough, white bands or cords
JOB	10	12	tc2u	figs-abstractnouns		0	You have granted me life and covenant faithfulness	The abstract nouns “life” and “faithfulness” can be stated as “live” and “faithful.” Alternate translation: “You have been faithful to your covenant and allowed me to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	10	12	dt8a			0	your help	Alternate translation: “your care”
JOB	10	12	h7in	figs-synecdoche		0	guarded my spirit	Here Job is represented by his “spirit.” Alternate translation: “guarded me” or “watched carefully over me” or “kept me safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	10	14	zj6t			0	you would notice it	Alternate translation: “you would watch me”
JOB	10	15	l6ww			0	If I have acted wickedly	Alternate translation: “If I do evil things”
JOB	10	15	vwh2			0	woe to me	Alternate translation: “how terrible will it be for me”
JOB	10	15	h2sc	figs-idiom		0	lift up my head	This idiom means to be sure or confident. Alternate translation: “hold my head up” or “be confident” or “be sure about myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	10	15	yg3e			0	I am filled with disgrace—see my affliction	Another possible meaning, followed by some versions, is, “I am full of disgrace and am completely full of my own suffering,” where the disgrace is bad but the suffering is even worse.
JOB	10	15	amu8			0	I am filled with disgrace	Alternate translation: “I am totally ashamed” or “No one respects me anymore”
JOB	10	15	fs2u			0	disgrace	shame
JOB	10	15	bu5t	figs-abstractnouns		0	see my affliction	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **affliction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “afflict.” Alternate translation: “see how God is afflicting me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	10	16	z3nm	figs-hypo		0	If my head were lifted up, you would stalk me like a lion	This could mean: (1) this is a hypothetical situation that has not happened or (2) this is a description of a situation that happens repeatedly. Alternate translation: “When my head is lifted up, you stalk me like a lion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB	10	16	ya75	figs-idiom		0	If my head were lifted up	This idiom means to become self-confident or proud. Alternate translation: “If I become proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JOB	10	16	bss8	figs-simile		0	you would stalk me like a lion	Possible meanings of this simile are: (1) God hunts Job like a lion hunts its prey or (2) Job is like a lion being hunted by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	10	16	yj7r	figs-irony		0	again you would show yourself with marvellous acts of power against me	This phrase expresses irony in how God displays his marvelous power by acting to harm Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JOB	10	17	u754	figs-metaphor		0	You bring new witnesses against me	Job’s troubles from God are spoken of as if they were people who were witnesses against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	10	17	di4r	figs-abstractnouns		0	increase your anger against me	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anger**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “angry.” Alternate translation: “are more and more angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	10	17	zs8c	figs-metaphor		0	you attack me with fresh armies	God sending troubles against Job is spoken of as if God was constantly sending new armies against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	10	18	zk6f	figs-metaphor		0	brought me out of the womb	Here being brought out of the womb represents being born into this world. Alternate translation: “brought me out of my mother’s womb” or “brought me into this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	10	18	n2ql	figs-metaphor		0	given up my spirit	Giving up one’s spirit represents dying. Alternate translation: “died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	10	18	s56b	figs-synecdoche		0	and that no eye had ever seen me	Job uses “eye” here to refer to the whole person. He wishes he could have died at birth, before anyone saw him. Alternate translation: “before any person had ever seen me” or “before I was born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	10	19	bzd2			0	I had never existed	Alternate translation: “I had never lived”
JOB	10	19	uc37			0	I would have been carried	Alternate translation: “My body would have been carried”
JOB	10	20	yd2g	figs-rquestion		0	Are not my days only a few?	Here “my days” represent the length of Job’s life. This question expects a positive answer, to emphasize that Job only expects to live a few more days. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I only have a few days left to live.” or “My life will soon end.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	10	21	f7d8	figs-metaphor		0	the land	Here the place where the spirits of dead people go is spoken of as if it was a land. Alternate translation: “the place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	10	21	i9h6	figs-doublet		0	of darkness and of the shadow of death	The phrase “shadow of death” intensifies the idea of “darkness.” Both phrases describe where the spirits of dead people go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB	10	21	zq3v			0	the shadow of death	See how you translated this in [Job 3:5](../03/05.md).
JOB	10	22	xkq9	figs-simile		0	as dark as midnight	The darkness of the place where the spirits of dead people go is compared to the darkness of midnight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	10	22	r9u5	figs-litotes		0	without any order	This negative phrase can be expressed in positive form. Alternate translation: “full of confusion” or “where all is confused” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOB	10	22	a8nx	figs-simile		0	where the light is like midnight	The light of the place where the spirits of dead people go is compared to midnight. Alternate translation: “where there is no light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	11	intro	m1vt			0		# Job 11 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job’s friend, Zophar.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Zophar’s advice<br><br>Zophar tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Zophar gives to Job is bad advice. He even questions the character of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Zophar uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Zophar’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	11	1	mbq7	translate-names		0	Zophar the Naamathite	See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “Zophar from the region of Naamah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB	11	2	cq18	figs-rquestion		0	Should not such a multitude of words be answered?	Zophar is asking a question in the negative to emphasize that Job’s words must be challenged. Alternate translation: “We must answer all of these words!” or “Someone should respond to all these words!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	11	2	ua2s	figs-rquestion		0	Should this man, so full of talk, be believed?	Zophar uses this question to emphasize that they should not believe what Job was saying. Alternate translation: “This man is so full of talk, but the people should not believe him!” or “Your many words alone do not mean you are innocent!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	11	3	kgu1	figs-rquestion		0	Should your boasting make others remain silent?	Zophar uses this question to rebuke Job. Alternate translation: “Just because you have spoken many words, this does not mean that others must keep silent.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	11	3	s3am	figs-rquestion		0	When you mock, will no one make you feel ashamed?	Zophar uses this question to rebuke Job. You may need to make explicit what it is that Job is mocking. Alternate translation: “You have mocked us for what we have said. Now we will make you feel ashamed!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	11	4	k2le			0	My beliefs are pure	Alternate translation: “My understanding is correct”
JOB	11	4	e56u	figs-metaphor		0	I am blameless in your eyes	The eyes represent sight, which is a metaphor for God’s evaluation of Job. This could mean: (1) that Job is saying that God judges him as blameless. Alternate translation: “You say that I am blameless” or (2) that Job believes he has been blameless and that God should judge him as blameless. Alternate translation: “You should recognize that I am blameless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	11	5	ii56	figs-metonymy		0	that God would speak … open his lips against you	The words “open his lips” are a metonym that means speak. These two phrases mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize Zophar’s desire that God would speak harshly against Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	11	6	ca7p	figs-explicit		0	that he would show … secrets of wisdom	What the “secrets of wisdom” are can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “that he would show you that you are suffering because of your sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	11	6	qjk2	figs-metaphor		0	God demands from you less than your iniquity deserves	Demanding from Job represents punishing Job. Alternate translation: “God is punishing you less than you deserve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	11	7	tvp2	figs-parallelism		0	Can you understand God by searching for him? Can you comprehend the Almighty perfectly?	These two parallel questions are asking the same thing. The writer uses the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “You cannot understand God by searching for him, and you will never completely understand the Almighty!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	11	8	n8yi	figs-explicit		0	The matter	This refers to understanding God. Alternate translation: “To understand God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	11	8	jhq3	figs-parallelism		0	is as high as heaven … deeper than Sheol	The impossibility of understanding God is spoken of as if it were impossible to go to these extremely far away places. Alternate translation: “is as inaccessible as the highest places in heaven … is more inaccessible than the deepest places in Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	11	8	y9sp	figs-rquestion		0	what can you do?	Zophar uses this question to show that a person cannot do anything to understand God fully. Alternate translation: “you cannot do anything.” or “you cannot understand him fully.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	11	8	hb95	figs-rquestion		0	what can you know?	Zophar uses this question to show that a person cannot do anything to know God fully. Alternate translation: “you cannot know God fully.” or “you cannot know all there is to know.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	11	9	i9xz			0	Its measure	This could mean: (1) God’s greatness or (2) the greatness of God’s wisdom.
JOB	11	9	z6cv	figs-metaphor		0	is longer than the earth … wider than the sea	God’s greatness or wisdom is spoken of as if it could be measured in distance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	11	10	y4fx			0	If he … shuts anyone up	Alternate translation: “If God … shuts anyone up in prison”
JOB	11	10	d1jn	figs-abstractnouns		0	if he calls anyone to judgment	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “if God calls anyone to go to him so that God might judge him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	11	10	f915	figs-rquestion		0	who can stop him?	This question emphasizes that no one can stop God. Alternate translation: “no one can stop him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	11	11	gdx6	figs-rquestion		0	does he not notice it?	This emphasizes that God does notice sin. Alternate translation: “he surely notices it!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	11	12	e8e9	figs-abstractnouns		0	But foolish people have no understanding	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you can express the same idea with the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “But foolish people do not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	11	12	jlz1	figs-irony		0	they will get it when a wild donkey gives birth to a man	Since a wild donkey can never give birth to a man, this means that foolish people will never get understanding. Alternate translation: “only if a wild donkey could give birth to a man could foolish people get understanding” or “it is as impossible for a foolish person to get understanding as it is for a donkey to give birth to a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB	11	13	k56l	figs-metaphor		0	suppose that you had set your heart right	The heart represents thoughts and attitudes. Setting it right represents correcting it. Alternate translation: “even if you had corrected your attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	11	13	mm3c	translate-symaction		0	had reached out with your hands toward God	This is a symbolic action representing asking God for help. Alternate translation: “had made an appeal and prayed to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB	11	14	t8z8	figs-metonymy		0	suppose that iniquity were in your hand	The hand represents what a person does. Alternate translation: “even if you had done some evil things in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	11	14	nt8d	figs-metaphor		0	but that then you put it far away from you	Putting sin behind represents stopping sinning. Alternate translation: “but that then you stopped doing evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	11	14	u5ya	figs-personification		0	did not let unrighteousness live in your tents	Unrighteousness living represents people doing unrighteous things. Alternate translation: “and you did not allow the members of your household to do unrighteous things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	11	15	db84	figs-metonymy		0	lift up your face without a sign of shame	“Lifting up your face” represents the attitude of a person who is confident and brave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	11	16	x6vt	figs-simile		0	you would remember it only like waters that have flowed away	Zophar is comparing misery with water that flows downstream and it is gone. Alternate translation: “You would remember it, but the misery will be gone, like waters that have flowed away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	11	17	fqt4	figs-parallelism		0	Your life would … like the morning.	Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	11	17	dkt7	figs-metaphor		0	Your life would be brighter than the noonday	Brightness represents being prosperous and happy. Alternate translation: “Your life would be prosperous and happy like the noonday” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	11	17	dua9	figs-hypo		0	though there were darkness	Darkness represents troubles and sadness. Alternate translation: “Though there were dark troubles and sadness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB	11	17	s8z7	figs-metaphor		0	it would become like the morning	The morning represents light, which represents prosperity and happiness. Alternate translation: “it would be prosperous and happy like the morning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	11	18	iqu3	figs-parallelism		0	You would be secure … take your rest in safety	Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis and describes the possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB	11	18	f1be	figs-idiom		0	would take your rest in safety	“Take your rest” here is an idiom for “rest.” The phrase “in safety” can be expressed with the word “safely.” Alternate translation: “would rest safely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	11	19	fm2w	figs-parallelism		0	Also you would lie down in rest … your favor.	Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis and describes the possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB	11	19	hc18	figs-abstractnouns		0	you would lie down in rest	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rest**, you can express the same idea with the verb “rest.” Alternate translation: “you would lie down and rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	11	20	s359	figs-metaphor		0	the eyes of wicked people will fail	Their eyes represent their understanding. Alternate translation: “the understanding of the wicked people will fail” or “the wicked people will not be able to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	12	intro	u4jn			0		# Job 12 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Zophar.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s righteousness<br>Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. His friends, on the other hand, judge Job’s case, which Job recognizes to be Yahweh’s authority. These three friends therefore try to take God’s place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br>Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He is also upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	12	2	dpz4	figs-irony		0	No doubt you are the people; wisdom will die with you	Job mocks how they are acting and shows how ridiculous they sound. Alternate translation: “Surely you are such important people that wisdom cannot exist without you” or “You all act like you are the only wise people and that when you die, wisdom will disappear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB	12	2	ba96			0	No doubt	Alternate translation: “Surely”
JOB	12	2	dk3z	figs-you		0	you	This is plural in verses 2 and 3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOB	12	2	xl1k			0	you are the people	Alternate translation: “you are the important people who know everything”
JOB	12	3	kd9k	figs-rquestion		0	Indeed, who does not know such things as these?	Job used this question to express a truth that should be obvious to his listeners. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly there is no one who does not know such things as these.” or “Certainly everyone knows these things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	12	4	qdq1	grammar-connect-words-phrases		0	I am something for my neighbor to laugh at—I, one who called on God and who was answered by him!	The relationship between these phrases can be made clear with the words “even though.” Alternate translation: “I am something for my neighbor to laugh at—even though I am one who called on God and he answered me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
JOB	12	4	f67d	grammar-connect-words-phrases		0	I, a just and blameless man—I am now something to laugh at	The relationship between these phrases can be made clear with the words “even though.” Alternate translation: “Even though I am a just and blameless man, people now laugh at me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
JOB	12	5	cg28	figs-abstractnouns		0	In the thought of someone who is at ease, there is contempt for misfortune	The abstract nouns “thought,” “ease,” “contempt,” and “misfortune” can be expressed with other phrases. Alternate translation: “A person who lives an easy life despises a person who suffers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	12	5	j6ph	figs-metaphor		0	brings more misfortune	Bringing misfortune represents causing it to happen. Alternate translation: “causes more bad things to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	12	5	z8za	figs-metaphor		0	to those whose foot is slipping	The foot slipping represents being in danger or trouble. Alternate translation: “to those who are already in trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	12	6	rn8l	figs-metonymy		0	The tents of robbers prosper	Their tents prospering represents the robbers prospering in their tents. Alternate translation: “Robbers live in prosperity in their own tents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	12	6	j8fd	figs-metonymy		0	their own hands are their gods	Here “their own hands” is a metonym for strength, and “their gods” is a metaphor for their pride. Alternate translation: “they are extremely proud of their own abilities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	12	7	c1y7	figs-irony		0	But now ask the beasts … the birds … they will tell you	Job is saying that the beasts and the birds understand God better than Job’s friends do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB	12	7	t82w	figs-you		0	you	All occurrences of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOB	12	7	de2x	figs-imperative		0	But now ask the beasts, and they will teach you	The command in the first part of the sentence functions as a hypothetical condition. Alternate translation: “But if you were to ask the beasts, they would teach you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB	12	7	ee93	figs-imperative		0	ask the birds of the heavens, and they will tell you	The command in the first part of the sentence functions as a hypothetical condition. Alternate translation: if you were to ask the birds of the heavens, they would tell you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB	12	8	g5xs	figs-irony		0	speak to the earth … will declare to you	Job is saying that the beasts, the birds, the earth, and the fish understand God better than Job’s friends do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB	12	8	k4ca	figs-imperative		0	Or speak to the earth, and it will teach you	The command in the first part of the sentence functions as a hypothetical condition. Alternate translation: “Or if you were to speak to the earth, it would teach you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB	12	8	bjf6	figs-ellipsis		0	the fish of the sea will declare to you	The command “Ask the fish of the sea” is understood from the previous sentences. It functions as a hypothetical condition. Alternate translation: “and if you were to ask the fish of the sea, they would declare to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB	12	9	hu2y	figs-rquestion		0	Which animal among all these does not know … this?	This question emphasizes the point that all the animals know that Yahweh has done this. This question can be worded as a statement. Alternate translation: “Every animal among all these knows … this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	12	9	tht3	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of Yahweh has done this	Yahweh’s hand represents his power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has done this by his power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	12	10	tx1w	figs-metonymy		0	In his hand is the life … and the breath of all mankind	Yahweh’s hand represents his control or power. Alternate translation: “God controls the life of every living thing and gives breath to all mankind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	12	10	s1sr	figs-metonymy		0	the breath of all mankind	Here “breath” represents life or the ability to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	12	11	d5vn	figs-rquestion		0	Does not the ear test words just as the palate tastes its food?	Job uses this question to emphasize that people listen to what others say and judge whether it is good or not. The ear and palate are metonyms for hearing and tasting. Alternate translation: “We hear what people say and test it just as we taste food and test it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	12	12	v4ft	figs-abstractnouns		0	With aged men is wisdom	“Aged men have wisdom.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you can express the same idea with “wise.” The word “men” refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “Old people are wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
JOB	12	12	lhn1	figs-abstractnouns		0	in length of days is understanding	This represents people gaining understanding when they live a long time. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you can express the same idea with the phrase “understand much.” Alternate translation: “people gain understanding when they live a long time” or “people who live a long time understand much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	12	13	mmb7			0	General Information:	Verse 13 says that God is wise and mighty. The rest of this chapter shows that this is true by telling about the wise and mighty things that God does.
JOB	12	13	tw4v	figs-abstractnouns		0	With God are wisdom and might	The abstract nouns “wisdom” and “might” can be expressed with the adjectives “wise” and “mighty.” Alternate translation: “God is wise and mighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	12	14	aq2d			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JOB	12	14	v1pt	figs-activepassive		0	it cannot be built again	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one can rebuild it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	12	14	c4eb	figs-abstractnouns		0	if he imprisons someone, there can be no release	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **release**, you can express the same idea with the verb “free.” Alternate translation: “if God shuts someone in, no one can free him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	12	15	pl3c	figs-metaphor		0	if he withholds the waters, they dry up	Possible meanings are that withholding waters represents: (1) preventing the rain from falling. Alternate translation: “if he stops the rain from falling the land dries up” or (2) preventing running water from flowing. Alternate translation: “if he stops the water from flowing, the land dries up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	12	15	rel2	figs-metaphor		0	if he sends them out, they overwhelm the land	Possible meanings are that sending them out is a metaphor meaning: (1) causing the rain to fall. Alternate translation: “if he causes a lot of rain to fall, it floods the land” or (2) causing the waters to flow. Alternate translation: “if he makes a lot of water flow, it floods the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	12	16	gqf6	figs-abstractnouns		0	With him are strength and wisdom	The abstract nouns “strength” and “wisdom” can be expressed with the words “strong” and “wise.” Alternate translation: “God is strong and wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	12	16	uuh8			0	people who are deceived and the deceiver are both in his power	Being in God’s power represents God ruling over them. Alternate translation: “people who believe a lie and people who lie to others are both in his power” or “God rules over both people who believe lies and people who lie to others”
JOB	12	17	lk8b	figs-metaphor		0	He leads counselors away barefoot	Leading counselors away barefoot represents taking away their wisdom and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	12	17	ux12	figs-abstractnouns		0	in sorrow	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sorrow**, you can express the same idea with the words “sad” or “grieve” Alternate translation: “and they feel very sad” or “and they grieve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	12	17	uu39			0	he turns judges into fools	Alternate translation: “he makes judges become foolish”
JOB	12	18	w5lc	figs-metonymy		0	He takes off the chain of authority from kings	Possible meanings are that: (1) this is a metonym for causing kings to no longer have authority. Alternate translation: “He takes away the authority of kings” or (2) this is a metonym for setting people free from the chains that kings have put on them. Alternate translation: “He takes off the bonds that kings have put on people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	12	18	p4c4	figs-metonymy		0	he wraps a cloth about their waists	This cloth is probably what a slave wears. To put these cloths on kings represents making the kings slaves. Alternate translation: “he makes kings wear the clothing of slaves” or “he makes them slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	12	19	mkn4	figs-metaphor		0	He leads priests away barefoot	Leading priests away barefoot represents taking away their authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	12	19	wut2	figs-abstractnouns		0	in sorrow	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sorrow**, you can express the same idea with the words “sad” or “grieve” Alternate translation: “and they feel sad” or “and they grieve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	12	19	ch3f			0	overthrows mighty people	Alternate translation: “defeats powerful people”
JOB	12	20	g3na	figs-metonymy		0	He removes the speech of those who had been trusted	Removing their speech represents making them unable to speak. Alternate translation: “He makes those who were trusted unable to speak” or “He silences people whom others trusted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	12	20	dk1e	figs-metonymy		0	takes away the understanding of the elders	Taking away their understanding represents making them unable to understand or make good decisions. Alternate translation: “makes the elders unable to understand” or “makes the elders unable to make good decisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	12	20	gm4d			0	the elders	This could mean: (1) the older people or (2) the leaders.
JOB	12	21	l74e	figs-metaphor		0	He pours contempt upon princes	Pouring contempt on princes is a metaphor for causing people to feel contempt for them. Alternate translation: “He causes people to greatly disrespect those who rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	12	21	k6sg	figs-metaphor		0	unfastens the belt of strong people	The belt is a symbol of strength. Unfastening a strong person’s belt represents taking away his strength and making him weak. Alternate translation: “makes the strong people weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	12	22	c31p	figs-metaphor		0	He reveals the deep things of darkness	Revealing things represents making them known. “Deep things from darkness” represent secrets that people do not know. Alternate translation: “He makes known secrets that people do not know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	12	22	bqc1	figs-metaphor		0	brings deep shadows into the light	Bringing things out into the light represents making them known, and here “shadows” is a metonym for the things that are hidden in the shadows, which in turn are a metaphor for truths that God has hidden from people. Alternate translation: “makes known things that no one can see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	12	23	zzy8			0	He enlarges nations	Alternate translation: “He makes nations larger” or “He makes nations have more land”
JOB	12	23	dkw2	figs-metonymy		0	he also leads them along as prisoners	God leading nations represents God causing enemy nations to lead them. The word “them” represents nations, which here represents the people of those nations. Alternate translation: “he also causes their enemies to lead them along as prisoners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	12	24	n4ta	figs-metaphor		0	He takes away understanding from the leaders of the people of the earth	Taking away their understanding represents causing them to be unable to understand. Alternate translation: “He causes the leaders of the people of the earth to be unable to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	12	24	w1re	figs-metaphor		0	to wander in a wilderness where there is no path	Wandering in a wilderness where there is no path represents being in a difficult situation and not knowing what to do. Alternate translation: “to be unsure of what to do like a person wandering in a wasteland with no path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	12	25	x7t2	figs-metaphor		0	They grope in the dark without light	Being in the dark without light represents lacking knowledge. Alternate translation: “They struggle to make decisions without knowledge as people struggle to walk in the dark without light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	12	25	a21u	figs-simile		0	he makes them stagger like a drunk man	Staggering or wandering like a drunk man represents living without purpose. Alternate translation: “he makes them live without purpose like a drunk person who staggers as he walks” or “they wander aimlessly like a drunk person who staggers back and forth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	13	intro	x1ub			0		# Job 13 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Zophar. It also contains Job’s claim of righteousness to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s righteousness<br>Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. His friends, on the other hand, judge Job’s case, which Job recognizes to be Yahweh’s authority. These three friends therefore try to take God’s place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	13	1	i5ce			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues to speak to his friends.
JOB	13	1	i4pc			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JOB	13	1	d8w1	figs-synecdoche		0	my eye has seen all this	Job referred to himself as his eye since it is with his eyes that he saw these things. Alternate translation: “I have seen all this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	13	1	q1yi	figs-synecdoche		0	my ear has heard and understood it	Job referred to himself as his ear since it is with his ears that he heard these things. Alternate translation: “I have heard and understood it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	13	2	cq6c			0	What you know, the same I also know	Alternate translation: “What you know, I also know” or “I know as much as you”
JOB	13	3	lcm5			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues to speak to his friends.
JOB	13	3	mx6r			0	I wish to reason with God	Job’s friends are judging him, but they not speaking the truth. Job would rather argue with God alone about his complaint.
JOB	13	4	f979	figs-metaphor		0	you whitewash the truth with lies	Putting whitewash or plaster on the truth represents ignoring the truth. Alternate translation: “you hide the truth with lies” or “you lie and ignore the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	13	4	p89c	figs-metaphor		0	you are all physicians of no value	Being a physician represents being a person who comforts others. Being of no value means that they do not know how to do what they should. Alternate translation: “you are all like physicians who do not know how to heal people” or “you all come to comfort me, but you do not know how, like unskilled physicians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	13	5	gp7i	figs-idiom		0	hold your peace	This expression means “be quiet” or “stop talking.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	13	5	t33j	figs-abstractnouns		0	That would be your wisdom	They thought that they were saying wise things, but Job was saying that they would be wiser if they would stop talking. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you can express the same idea with another word such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “If you were to do that, you would be wise” or “If you were to stop talking, you would appear wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	13	6	ezt5			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues to speak to his friends.
JOB	13	6	v78i	figs-synecdoche		0	listen to the pleading of my own lips	Here “lips” represent the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “listen to what I myself plead for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	13	7	scy3	figs-rquestion		0	Will you speak unrighteously … deceitfully for him?	Job uses these two questions to rebuke his friends for speaking unrighteously. Alternate translation: “You think that you are speaking for God, but you are speaking unrighteously. You are speaking deceitfully.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB	13	7	gc76			0	talk deceitfully	Alternate translation: “lie” or “tell lies”
JOB	13	8	x6cv	figs-rquestion		0	Will you show him partiality? Will you argue the case for God?	Showing kindness to God represents helping God or defending God against Job’s complaints. Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends for thinking that they can defend God. Alternate translation: “You think that God need you to defend him? You think that you can argue for God like attorneys in court.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB	13	9	i61h			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues to speak to his friends.
JOB	13	9	l9wk	figs-rquestion		0	Will it be good for you when he searches you out?	Here “searches you out” is a metaphor meaning “examines you.” Job uses this question to warn his friends that if God were to examine them, he would say that what they are doing is wrong. Alternate translation: “When God examines you, it will not be good for you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	13	9	gk9j	figs-rquestion		0	Could you deceive him as you might deceive men?	Job uses this question to warn his friends that God knows the truth about them. Alternate translation: “You might be able to deceive men, but you cannot deceive God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	13	10	ecs9			0	reprove you	Alternate translation: “rebuke you”
JOB	13	10	g5lz			0	if in secret you showed partiality	“if you secretly show favor to another.” Showing partiality refers to saying only good things about someone so that the judge will say that the person is good. Doing this in secret means pretending to speak fairly, but really favoring one person over another.
JOB	13	11	bx5e			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues to speak to his friends.
JOB	13	11	j11v	figs-rquestion		0	Will not his majesty terrify you, and the dread of him fall upon you?	Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends. This could mean: (1) Job is saying that they should fear God. Alternate translation: “His majesty should make you afraid, and his dread should fall on you.” or (2) Job is saying that they will fear God. Alternate translation: “His majesty will make you afraid, and his dread will fall on you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	13	11	e6x9	figs-metaphor		0	and the dread of him fall upon you	Dread falling on people represents them becoming terribly afraid. Alternate translation: “and you not be terribly afraid” or “and you not be terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	13	12	s8ny	figs-metaphor		0	Your memorable sayings are proverbs made of ashes	Ashes represent things that are worthless and do not last. Alternate translation: “Your memorable sayings are worthless like ashes” or “Your memorable sayings will be forgotten like ashes that are blown away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	13	12	brf8	figs-metaphor		0	your defenses are defenses made of clay	Job speaks of what they say as if it were a wall made of clay around a city; it cannot defend the people because clay breaks easily. Alternate translation: “What you say in defense is as useless as a wall of clay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	13	12	pt19			0	your defenses	Possible meanings are that this refers to: (1) what they say to defend themselves or (2) what they say to defend God.
JOB	13	13	ygn9			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues to speak to his friends.
JOB	13	13	i6h6	figs-idiom		0	Hold your peace	This is an idiom meaning “Be quiet” or “Stop talking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	13	13	wau3	figs-idiom		0	let me alone	This is an idiom that means “stop bothering me” or “stop hindering me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	13	13	vp1h	figs-metaphor		0	let come what may on me	Things coming on a person represents things happening to a person. This expression starting with “let” means that he does not care what might happen to him. Alternate translation: “let whatever may happen to me happen” or “I do not care what may happen to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	13	14	wk5u	figs-metonymy		0	I will take my own flesh … in my hands	“Flesh” here is a metonym for life. “Teeth” and “hands” are metonyms for his own control. These two phrases together emphasize that Job is willing to risk his life by arguing his case with God. Alternate translation: “I am ready to risk my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	13	16	t8zh			0	Connecting Statement:	Job finishes speaking to his friends and begins to address God directly.
JOB	13	16	e8gk	figs-abstractnouns		0	This will be the reason for my deliverance	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **deliverance**, you can express the same idea with the verb “deliver.” Alternate translation: “This is the reason that God will deliver me” or “This is why God will save me from my troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	13	17	ppd9			0	God, listen carefully	Job begins directing his speech directly to God.
JOB	13	17	z88n	figs-parallelism		0	listen carefully to my speech; let my declaration come to your ears	These two lines mean basically the same thing and intensify Job’s request for God to listen to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	13	17	g1xr	figs-abstractnouns		0	let my declaration come to your ears	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **declaration**, you can express the same idea with the verb “declare.” The ears represent listening. Alternate translation: “listen to my declaration” or “listen to what I declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	13	18	dj3q			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking to God.
JOB	13	18	y2bk			0	See now	This emphasizes what follows. “Listen now” or “Please pay special attention”
JOB	13	18	mb7w	figs-metaphor		0	I have set my defense in order	Setting his defense in order represents deciding what he will say to defend himself. Alternate translation: “I have thought through how I will defend myself” or “I have decided how I will explain myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	13	19	u63c	figs-rquestion		0	Who is the one who would argue against me in court?	Job uses this question to express his belief that since he is right, no one would argue against him. Alternate translation: “I do not believe that anyone would argue against me in court.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	13	19	t9jj			0	If you came to do so	Alternate translation: “If you came to argue against me”
JOB	13	19	v85m			0	If you	“You” here means God himself.
JOB	13	19	r79s	figs-activepassive		0	if I were proved wrong	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if you were to prove me wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	13	19	b4n5	figs-metaphor		0	give up my life	Giving up one’s life is a metaphor for dying. Alternate translation: “die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	13	20	y87x			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking to God.
JOB	13	20	yzd3	figs-synecdoche		0	from your face	“Face” represents the person. Alternate translation: “from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	13	21	l5nn	figs-metonymy		0	withdraw your oppressive hand	An oppressive hand is a metonym for doing things that oppress someone. Withdrawing the hand is a metaphor for stopping doing those things. Alternate translation: “stop oppressing me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	13	21	w19t	figs-metonymy		0	do not let your terrors make me afraid	The phrase “your terrors” refers to what causes people to be terrified of God. Alternate translation: “do not terrify me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	13	23	adu2			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking to God.
JOB	13	24	vm5j	figs-rquestion		0	Why do you hide … like your enemy?	Job asks this question to complain about how God is treating him. He probably hopes for an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	13	24	i7qi	figs-metaphor		0	you hide your face from me	Hiding one’s face from someone represents refusing to look at him or ignoring him. Alternate translation: “you refuse to look at me” or “you ignore me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	13	25	xm7f	figs-rquestion		0	Will you persecute … pursue dry stubble?	Job uses these questions to tell God that since Job is so insignificant and weak, it is useless to persecute him. “Leaf” and “stubble” are metaphors describing Job’s weakness, insignificance and frailty. Alternate translation: “You persecute me, but I am weak like a leaf blown by the wind and insignificant like dry stubble.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	13	26	ta4y			0	Connecting Statement:	Job finishes presenting his case to God.
JOB	13	26	h6dc	figs-metaphor		0	For you write down bitter things against me	“Bitter things” represents accusations. Alternate translation: “For you write down accusations against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	13	26	bc79	figs-metaphor		0	you make me inherit the iniquities of my youth	Inheriting the iniquities of his youth is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) being guilty for the sins of his youth. Alternate translation: “you say that I am still guilty for the sins of my youth” or (2) being punished for the sins of his youth. Alternate translation: “you punish me for the sins of my youth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	13	26	l6wj	figs-abstractnouns		0	the iniquities of my youth	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **youth**, you can express the same idea with the word “young.” Alternate translation: “the sins I committed when I was young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	13	27	l4hh	figs-metaphor		0	You also put my feet in the stocks	Doing this represents punishing Job and keeping him from living freely as if Job had committed a crime and was a prisoner. Alternate translation: “It is as though you put my feet in the stocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	13	27	lk93			0	the stocks	This could mean: (1) a frame that holds a prisoner’s feet in place so that he cannot move at all or (2) chains around a prisoner’s feet that make it hard for him to walk. These are used as a form of punishment.
JOB	13	27	v659	figs-metaphor		0	all my paths	“Paths” represent the things Job does. Alternate translation: “everything I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	13	27	x3kd	figs-synecdoche		0	you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walked	The soles of his feet represent the person who walks. Alternate translation: “you examine the ground where I have walked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	13	27	l15n	figs-metaphor		0	you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walked	Examining this ground represents examining all that Job has done. Alternate translation: “it is as though you examine the ground where I have walked” or “you examine everything I do like a person examining someone’s footprints on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	13	28	mlj8	figs-simile		0	like a rotten thing that wastes away	Job compares his life to something that is decaying. He is slowly dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	13	28	fq5k	figs-simile		0	like a garment that moths have eaten	Job compares himself to clothes that are full of holes because the moths have eaten parts of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	14	intro	t321			0		# Job 14 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s claim of righteousness being presented to Yahweh. It also has an abrupt shift in tone. Rather than being hopeful, Job laments. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Resurrection<br>The events of Job occurred long before the Old Testament was written. Therefore, he likely had very little direct revelation about Yahweh. The resurrection of the dead was apparently not well-known during Job’s day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in his appeal to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	14	1	d6in	figs-gendernotations		0	Man, who is born of woman	This refers to all people, both men and women; all are born into this world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
JOB	14	1	u162	figs-hyperbole		0	lives only a few days	This is an exaggeration to emphasize that people live only a short time. Alternate translation: “lives only a very short time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOB	14	1	pfe3	figs-explicit		0	is full of trouble	Being “full of trouble” represents experiencing much trouble. Alternate translation: “has many troubles” or “suffers much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	14	2	bgr2	figs-simile		0	He sprouts from the ground like a flower and is cut down	Like the life of a flower, a person’s life is short and is easily killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	14	2	w4bb	figs-simile		0	he flees like a shadow and does not last	A person’s short life is compared to a shadow that disappears quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	14	3	tkx9	figs-rquestion		0	Do you look at any of these?	Job implies that he does not want God to pay so much attention to him. Alternate translation: “You do not look at any of these.” or “You do not pay so much attention to these. Please do not pay so much attention to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	14	3	inl9			0	look at	Here looking at some one represents paying attention to him in order to judge him. Alternate translation: “pay attention to” or “look for faults in”
JOB	14	3	fg87	figs-rquestion		0	Do you bring me into judgment with you?	Job uses this question to show his surprise that God judges him even though Job is so insignificant like the flowers. Alternate translation: “But you judge me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	14	4	pls1	figs-rquestion		0	Who can bring something clean out of something unclean? No one	Job uses this question to persuade God to apply what he knows about unclean things to Job. Alternate translation: “No one can bring something clean out of something unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	14	5	fm5b	figs-activepassive		0	Man’s days are determined	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “You determine a man’s days” or “You decide how long a man lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	14	5	iz79	figs-metonymy		0	The number of his months is with you	The number of man’s months being with God represents God deciding the number of months that the man will live. “You decide how many months he will live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	14	5	jij3	figs-metaphor		0	you have appointed his limits that he cannot pass	Passing a limit represents living past a time that God has set for a person to die. Alternate translation: “you have appointed the time that he will die, and he cannot live longer than that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	14	6	w4rx			0	hired man	a man who is hired to do a job and goes home afterwards
JOB	14	7	l8i1	figs-abstractnouns		0	There can be hope for a tree	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hope**, you can express the same idea with the verb “hope.” The hope is explained in verses 7-9. Alternate translation: “We can hope that a tree will live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	14	7	ezr1			0	it might sprout again	Alternate translation: “it might start growing again”
JOB	14	7	jj4i	figs-metaphor		0	so that its tender stalk does not disappear	Disappearing represents dying. Alternate translation: “so that its young shoot will not die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	14	8	u25b			0	Though	Alternate translation: “Even if”
JOB	14	8	cqw2			0	stump	the part of the tree that remains sticking out of the ground after someone has cut down most of the tree
JOB	14	9	f92c	figs-personification		0	even if it only smells water	This describes the dead stump as if it could smell water to represent water being near it. Alternate translation: “even if only a little water is near it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	14	9	dav4			0	it will bud	Alternate translation: “it will start growing”
JOB	14	9	bx2i	figs-personification		0	send out branches like a plant	The tree sending out branches represents branches growing on the tree. Alternate translation: “branches will start growing on it like a plant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	14	10	wz2a	figs-rquestion		0	then where is he?	Job uses this question to emphasize that when a person dies, he is not present. Alternate translation: “no one knows where he is.” or “he is gone.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	14	11	jp78			0	Connecting Statement:	Job begins to use word pictures to describe how it is that “man dies; he becomes weak” (verse 10).
JOB	14	11	dug9	figs-simile		0	As water disappears from a lake … dries up	Water that has dried up from a lake or a river cannot return, and once a person dies or grows old, he cannot become young again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	14	12	f32z			0	Connecting Statement:	Job finishes comparing growing old and dying with water drying up (verse 11).
JOB	14	12	a5nl	figs-metaphor		0	so people lie down	Lying down represents dying. Alternate translation: “so people die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	14	12	h4i1	figs-metaphor		0	do not rise again	Rising again represents living again. Alternate translation: “do not live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	14	13	w12i	figs-exclamations		0	Oh, that you would hide me	This is an exclamation showing what Job wants very much but does not really expect to happen. Alternate translation: “I wish that you would hide me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
JOB	14	13	is2h			0	keep me in private	Alternate translation: “keep me locked up” or “keep me hidden”
JOB	14	13	km9h	figs-idiom		0	call me to mind	Call someone to mind is an idiom meaning to think about him. Alternate translation: “think about me” or “remember me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	14	14	u755	figs-rquestion		0	If a man dies, will he live again?	The implicit answer is “no.” Alternate translation: “If a man dies, he will not live again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	14	14	a2dm	figs-explicit		0	If so	What “so” refers to is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “If he would live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	14	14	he34			0	to wait all my weary time there	Alternate translation: “to wait all my time there even though I would be weary”
JOB	14	14	ws2y	figs-abstractnouns		0	until my release should come	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **release**, you can express the same idea with the verb “release.” Alternate translation: “until I should be released” or “until you release me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	14	15	tbe8			0	I would answer	Alternate translation: “I would do what you wanted me to do”
JOB	14	15	d3u1	figs-abstractnouns		0	You would have a desire for	The noun “desire” can be expressed with the verbs “desire” or “want.” Alternate translation: “You would desire” or “You would want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	14	15	j3fp	figs-metonymy		0	for the work of your hands	Here God’s hands represent him making things. Job refers to himself as the work of God’s hands. Alternate translation: “for me, whom you have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JOB	14	16	k7q4	figs-hendiadys		0	number and care for	These two verbs together express a single action. Alternate translation: “attentively care for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
JOB	14	16	q9vm	figs-metonymy		0	my footsteps	Footsteps represent his life or what he does. Alternate translation: “my life” or “the things I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	14	16	bay1	figs-metaphor		0	you would not keep track of my sin	Keeping track of Job’s sin represents thinking about his sin. Alternate translation: “you would not look at my sin” or “you would not think about my sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	14	17	zvn3	figs-parallelism		0	My transgression would be … you would cover up	These three lines express the same thought and are used together to emphasize his confidence that God would forgive him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	14	17	cby4	figs-metaphor		0	My transgression would be sealed up in a bag	Sealing transgression in a bag represents hiding it and refusing to think about it. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You would refuse to think about my transgression like someone who hides something in a bag” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	14	17	qe5i	figs-metaphor		0	you would cover up my iniquity	Covering up someone’s iniquity so that it cannot be seen represents refusing to think about it. Alternate translation: “you would hide my iniquity” or “you would ignore my iniquity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	14	18	hga3	figs-doublet		0	mountains fall and come to nothing	“Come to nothing” here is an idiom meaning be completely destroyed. This phrase expands on the word “fall” and emphasizes complete destruction. Alternate translation: “mountains completely fall apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB	14	18	h2q3	figs-activepassive		0	rocks are moved out of their place	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “rocks tumble down from their place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	14	19	nc2a	figs-simile		0	Like this, you destroy the hope of man	If it is easier in your language, you can put this phrase at the beginning of verse 18 and adjust the text accordingly. Alternate translation: “You destroy the hope of man, just like … dust of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	14	19	dj8q	figs-metaphor		0	you destroy the hope of man	Destroying hope represents causing the things people hope for not to happen. Alternate translation: “You prevent the hope of man from happening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	14	19	usl5	figs-abstractnouns		0	the hope of man	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hopes**, you can express the same idea with the verb “hope.” Alternate translation: “the things that man hopes for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	14	20	q4my			0	You always defeat him	The word “him” refers to any person. Alternate translation: “You always defeat man” or “You always defeat people”
JOB	14	20	uah1	figs-euphemism		0	he passes away	Passing away represents dying. Alternate translation: “he dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOB	14	20	p3dh			0	you change his face	This could mean: (1) the pain just before dying makes his face contract or (2) when a person dies, God makes the person’s face look different.
JOB	14	20	lq7f	figs-metaphor		0	send him away to die	This represents causing him to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	14	21	m7cw	figs-metaphor		0	if they are brought low	Being brought low represents being shamed. Alternate translation: “if they are disgraced” or “if people shame them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	15	intro	p4sy			0		# Job 15 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job’s friend, Eliphaz. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Eliphaz’s advice<br>Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	15	1	v5mb	translate-names		0	Eliphaz the Temanite	This is the name of a man. People from Teman are known as Temanites. See how you translated this in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB	15	2	mw8h	figs-rquestion		0	Should a wise man answer with useless knowledge and fill himself with the east wind?	Eliphaz uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “A wise man should not answer with useless knowledge nor fill himself with the east wind.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	15	2	hd46	figs-metaphor		0	fill himself with the east wind	The wind represents emptiness. This phrase speaks of a person speaking empty and meaningless words as if that person were full of the wind. Alternate translation: “fill himself with empty words” or “only have meaningless words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	15	2	h768			0	the east wind	Alternate translation: “hot air” or “the desert wind”
JOB	15	3	mka2	figs-rquestion		0	Should he reason with unprofitable talk or with speeches with which he can do no good?	Eliphaz uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He should not reason with unprofitable talk nor with speeches with which he can do no good.” or “He should not argue using unprofitable talk or make speeches that accomplish nothing good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	15	4	kfj8			0	you diminish respect for God	This could mean: (1) “because of what you say and do, other people no longer respect God” or (2) “you are no longer respecting God.”
JOB	15	4	k1xg			0	diminish	make smaller
JOB	15	4	fz3c			0	you obstruct devotion to him	This could mean: (1) “you make it difficult for others to devote themselves to God” or (2) “you are no longer devoting yourself to God.”
JOB	15	4	f5pv			0	obstruct	block someone’s path
JOB	15	4	p5a3			0	devotion to	Alternate translation: “meditation on” or “concern for”
JOB	15	5	t4nv	figs-personification		0	your iniquity teaches your mouth	This describes “iniquity” as if it were a teacher and Job’s mouth is described as if it is learning. This means that his speech is greatly influenced by his iniquity. Alternate translation: “your iniquity is like a teacher and your mouth is like its student” or “it is because of your sin that you speak the way you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	15	5	el6q	figs-synecdoche		0	your mouth	This speaks of Job, but refers to his “mouth” to place emphasis on what he says. Alternate translation: “you to speak” or “you to say what you say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	15	5	tt4g	figs-metonymy		0	to have the tongue of a crafty man	This refers to the way a crafty man speaks as his “tongue.” Alternate translation: “to speak in the way of a crafty man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	15	5	gfb6			0	crafty man	man who harms others by lying to them
JOB	15	6	j5yb	figs-synecdoche		0	Your own mouth condemns you, not mine	This refers to Job and Eliphaz by their “mouths” to place emphasis on what they say. Alternate translation: “You are condemned by what you say, not by what I say” or “You condemn yourself by what you say, it is not I who condemns you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	15	6	l5gv	figs-synecdoche		0	your own lips testify	This speaks of Job, but refers to his “lips” to place emphasis on what he says. Alternate translation: “your own words” or “you testify” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	15	7	rl1y	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Each verse is a parallelism that contains two rhetorical questions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	15	7	dpx3	figs-rquestion		0	Are you the first man that was born?	The implicit answer here is “no.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not the first man that was born.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	15	7	a7jq	figs-rquestion		0	Were you brought into existence before the hills?	The implicit answer here is “no.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You were not brought into existence before the hills.” or “God did not bring you into existence before he brought the hills into existence.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	15	7	v4jt	figs-activepassive		0	Were you brought	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Did God bring you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	15	8	s4d8	figs-rquestion		0	Have you heard the secret knowledge of God?	The implicit answer here is “no.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not heard the secret knowledge of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	15	8	z3rg	figs-rquestion		0	Do you limit wisdom to yourself?	This rhetorical question emphasizes that he cannot limit wisdom to himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot limit wisdom to yourself.” or “You are not the only wise person.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	15	9	afn9	figs-rquestion		0	What do you know that we do not know?	The implicit answer here is “nothing.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is nothing that you know that we do not know.” or “Everything you know, we also know.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	15	9	dt5n	figs-rquestion		0	What do you understand that is not also in us?	This speaks of the men having understanding as if it were something “inside” them. Alternate translation: “Everything you understand, we also understand.” or “We understand everything that you understand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	15	10	e1wm	figs-metaphor		0	With us are both the gray-headed and the very aged men	Eliphaz speaks of him and the other men having learned wisdom from older men and wisdom that had been passed down from men of previous generations as if these older men were physically present with them. Alternate translation: “We acquired wisdom from old gray-haired people, from people who were born before your father was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	15	11	w8rr			0	Are the consolations of God … gentle toward you?	This rhetorical question is an accusation, with the implicit answer to the question being “yes.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You must think that the consolations of God are too small for you, the words that are gentle toward you”
JOB	15	11	lg22			0	consolations	Alternate translation: “comforts” or “sympathies”
JOB	15	12	bbd3	figs-metonymy		0	Why does your heart carry you away?	Here the “heart” represents a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “Why do your emotions take you away?” or “Why do you allow your emotions to guide your decisions?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	15	12	c87r	figs-explicit		0	Why do your eyes flash	This probably refers to Job appearing angry, specifically the appearance of his eyes. Alternate translation: “Why do your eyes look angry” or “Why are you angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	15	13	q3sz	figs-synecdoche		0	turn your spirit	Here the “spirit” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “turn yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	15	13	v2f5	figs-explicit		0	bring out such words from your mouth	This describes him speaking. Alternate translation: “so you say harsh things against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	15	14	ha68	figs-parallelism		0	What is man … What is he who is born	These two questions are basically the same and are used together to emphasize that a man cannot be perfect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	15	14	n6c7	figs-rquestion		0	What is man that he should be clean?	This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that a man cannot be completely “clean.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “A man, he cannot be completely clean.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	15	14	u6tx	figs-metaphor		0	clean	A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	15	14	z1zl	figs-rquestion		0	What is he who is born of a woman that he should be righteous?	This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that a man cannot be completely “righteous.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “A man who is born from a woman cannot be completely righteous.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	15	15	iv3b			0	See	This word is used here to draw Job’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
JOB	15	15	h358			0	his holy ones	Alternate translation: “his angels”
JOB	15	15	pd53	figs-metaphor		0	clean	Something that God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	15	15	q77f	figs-metaphor		0	in his sight	Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in his judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	15	16	gt36	figs-doublet		0	abominable and corrupt	These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how wicked humans are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB	15	16	we5g	figs-metaphor		0	who drinks iniquity like water	This describes iniquity as if it were water you can drink. It compares how the evil man desires to commit sin to how readily he desires to drink cool water. Alternate translation: “who love iniquity as much as they love a cup of fresh water” or “who commit evil deeds as often as they drink water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	15	17	fks4	figs-idiom		0	I will show you	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will explain to you” or “I will make it clear to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	15	17	qvd8			0	I will announce	Alternate translation: “I will declare”
JOB	15	18	q3uc	figs-litotes		0	their ancestors did not hide	Eliphaz emphasizes that their ancestors purposefully taught them these things. Alternate translation: “their ancestors taught openly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOB	15	19	yjj4	figs-activepassive		0	to whom alone the land was given	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to whom alone God gave the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	15	19	psj1	figs-explicit		0	among whom no stranger ever passed	This means that no foreigner lived among them, specifically so that they would not be influenced by pagan religions. Alternate translation: “no one from another country came and caused them to think wrongly about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	15	20	q88x			0	twists in pain	“suffers a lot of pain.” This is either physical or emotional pain.
JOB	15	20	caz3	figs-activepassive		0	the number of years that are laid up	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all the years that God has laid up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	15	20	s474	figs-idiom		0	that are laid up	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that are prepared” or “that are set aside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	15	21	fj8p			0	A sound of terrors is in his ears	Alternate translation: “He constantly hears sounds that terrify him”
JOB	15	22	ep91			0	Connecting Statement:	Eliphaz continues describing the wicked man he began to describe in [Job 15:20](../15/20.md).
JOB	15	22	i3pk	figs-idiom		0	return out of darkness	Here “darkness” is a metaphor for trouble or misfortune. Alternate translation: “escape misfortune” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	15	22	lh1i	figs-metonymy		0	the sword waits for him	Here “the sword” is a metonym that represents an enemy who is waiting to kill the evil man. This could mean: (1) he is worried that someone will murder him. Alternate translation: “he worries that someone is about to murder him” or (2) it is certain that he is going to be murdered. Alternate translation: “someone is waiting to murder him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	15	23	k4qm	figs-synecdoche		0	for bread	Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “for food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	15	23	ul3l	figs-idiom		0	the day of darkness	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the day of disaster” or “the moment of his death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	15	23	gu8g	figs-idiom		0	is at hand	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “is coming soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	15	24	vur7	figs-doublet		0	Distress and anguish make him afraid; they prevail against him	The words “distress” and “anguish” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of the emotion. Here these feelings are spoken of as if they were an enemy who is attacking the wicked man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	15	24	e7mb			0	prevail against	Alternate translation: “overpower” or “defeat”
JOB	15	24	tg34	figs-simile		0	as a king ready for battle	This compares how his distress and anguish overpower him to how a king, who is ready for battle, would prevail against him. Alternate translation: “just like a king, who is ready for a battle, would prevail against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	15	25	uuk8	translate-symaction		0	he has reached out with his hand against God	“he has shook his fist against God.” This is a sign of aggression. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB	15	26	sx7v	figs-metaphor		0	runs at God	This speaks of the wicked man acting aggressively against God as if he were running towards him to attack him. Alternate translation: “attacks God” or “acts violently against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	15	26	b87u			0	with a thick shield	Alternate translation: “with his strong shield”
JOB	15	27	uc39			0	This is true	“This” refers to the wicked man running at God from the previous verse.
JOB	15	27	db71	figs-irony		0	he has covered his face with his fat and gathered fat on his loins	This wicked man is described as fat and weak, while believing himself to be strong enough to defeat God. Alternate translation: “he is weak with a fat face and fat loins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB	15	28	ki37			0	which no man inhabits	Alternate translation: “which are abandoned”
JOB	15	28	r6h8			0	heaps	piles of useless things
JOB	15	29	r891	figs-litotes		0	He will not be rich; his wealth will not last	These two litotes express that he will be the opposite of rich, that he will be poor. Alternate translation: “he will be poor; all his money will disappear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOB	15	30	jpq7	figs-metonymy		0	out of darkness	Darkness here represents death. Alternate translation: “out of the darkness of death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	15	30	pm4a	figs-metaphor		0	a flame will dry up his stalks	Here the flame represents God’s judgment and the drying up of his stalks represents either the fact that his possessions disappear, or that he will die. Alternate translation: “God will take everything he owns away, like a fire dries out the moist branches of a tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	15	30	a9ha	figs-metonymy		0	the breath of God’s mouth	Here God’s “breath” represents his judgement. Alternate translation: “God’s breath” or “God’s judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	15	30	rxv1	figs-euphemism		0	he will go away	This refers to him dying. Alternate translation: “he will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOB	15	31	lr37	figs-ellipsis		0	for uselessness will be his reward	This is implied that this is what will happen if he trusts in useless things. Alternate translation: “for if he trusts in them, uselessness will be his reward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOB	15	32	s26k	figs-metaphor		0	his branch will not be green	This speaks of the man looking pale and dead as if he were a dried out stalk or tree branch. Alternate translation: “he will look dead, just like the branch of a dead tree does not look green” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	15	33	nci7	figs-parallelism		0	He will drop his … he will cast off his	These two lines give a similar image, which is repeated to emphasize that this will surely happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	15	33	beb8	figs-metaphor		0	He will drop his unripe grapes like a grapevine	This speaks of the wicked man growing weak and dying as if he were a grapevine dropping unripe grapes. Alternate translation: “Just like a grapevine drops its unripe grapes, so the wicked man will drop his strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	15	33	g676	figs-metaphor		0	he will cast off his flowers like the olive tree	This speaks of the wicked man growing weak and dying as if he were an olive tree dropping its flowers. Alternate translation: “just like an olive tree loses its flowers, so the wicked man will lose his strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	15	34	rr5n			0	the company of godless people	Alternate translation: “the group of godless people”
JOB	15	34	v3q1	figs-possession		0	fire will consume their tents of bribery	The phrase “tents of bribery” means that the wicked people bought these tents with the money they made by bribery. Alternate translation: “the tents they bought with their bribes will be burned by fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
JOB	15	35	x22k	figs-parallelism		0	They conceive mischief and give birth to iniquity; their womb conceives deceit	The same thought is repeated three times to emphasize how much evil these people produce. This speaks of a person planning to do evil things and doing them as if the person were conceiving and giving birth to these things as a woman conceives and gives birth to a child. Alternate translation: “They plan to cause mischief and do evil things; they are always planning to deceive others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	15	35	u7sb	figs-synecdoche		0	their womb conceives	Here the “womb” is used to refer to the person to emphasize conception, as it is in the womb that conception takes place. Alternate translation: “they conceive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	16	intro	j3zc			0		# Job 16 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Eliphaz.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s response<br>Job expresses shock and disgust at the advice Eliphaz gives to him. He even mocks Eliphaz. He describes the difficulties of his circumstances but never curses Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>### Advocate<br>Job describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
JOB	16	2	t7wj			0	you are all miserable comforters	Alternate translation: “instead of comforting me, you all make me more miserable”
JOB	16	3	p7ga	figs-rquestion		0	Will useless words ever have an end?	Job uses this rhetorical question to express that he wishes that they would stop speaking useless words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “How I wish your useless words would end!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	16	3	g4tp	figs-rquestion		0	What is wrong with you that you answer like this?	Job uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Eliphaz. Here the word “you” is singular and refers to Eliphaz, who just finished speaking to Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Eliphaz, you should stop answering me like this!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	16	4	mg21	figs-metaphor		0	I could collect and join words together	Job speaks of thinking of useless things to say as if his words were random items that he collected and joined together. Alternate translation: “I could think of things to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	16	4	bv7s	translate-symaction		0	shake my head	This is an action that shows disapproval. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB	16	4	x2nq	figs-abstractnouns		0	in mockery	The word “mockery” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “to mock you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	16	5	dvh6	figs-metonymy		0	I would strengthen you with my mouth, and the quivering of my lips will bring you relief!	The words “mouth” and “lips” are metonyms for the words or messages that a person speaks using his mouth and lips. Here Job is speaking sarcastically and means the opposite of what he says. Alternate translation: “My words would surely not be encouraging to you! They would surely not lighten your grief” or “By speaking to you as you spoke to me earlier, I would not encourage you or lighten your grief!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB	16	5	qj4h	figs-metonymy		0	with my mouth	Here Job’s “mouth” represents what he says. Alternate translation: “with what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	16	5	yyv5	figs-metonymy		0	the quivering of my lips	This is a metonym for the words or message that he speaks. Alternate translation: “my comforting words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	16	5	i21i	figs-metaphor		0	will bring you relief	This speaks of grief as if it were a heavy physical burden. Alternate translation: “will lessen your grief” or “will help you feel less grief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	16	6	vjz7			0	grief	Job has experienced great loss of family and health that is unexplained and therefore causes him “great sorrow and emotional pain.”
JOB	16	6	s8sf	figs-rquestion		0	how am I helped?	Job uses this rhetorical question to express that keeping quiet does not lessen his grief. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “it does not help me at all.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	16	7	t7qh			0	But now, God, you	Job now turns his complaining to God.
JOB	16	7	mrz6			0	made all my family desolate	Alternate translation: “destroyed all my family”
JOB	16	8	z1f4	figs-explicit		0	You have made me dry up	This means that Job’s body has shriveled and become wrinkled. Alternate translation: “You have made my body shrivel up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	16	8	pz4y	figs-personification		0	which itself is a witness against me	Job describes the shriveling of his body as if it were an accuser against him. Alternate translation: “and people think that shows me to be a sinner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	16	8	t163	figs-personification		0	the leanness of my body rises up against me, and it testifies against	Job describes the thinness of his body as if it were accuser against him. Alternate translation: “They see how thin my body is, and they think that proves that I am guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	16	8	wiw6	figs-synecdoche		0	against my face	Here Job is referred to by his “face.” Alternate translation: “against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	16	9	a6fe	figs-metaphor		0	God has torn me in his wrath and persecuted me … as he tears me apart	This speaks of God causing Job pain as if God were a wild animal and Job were his prey that he was killing. Alternate translation: “Because God is very angry with me, it is as though he were a wild animal that tore my body apart with his teeth because he was my enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	16	9	crc6			0	my enemy	Job refers to God as his “enemy” as he describes how he has caused him great pain.
JOB	16	9	c555	figs-idiom		0	fastens his eyes on me	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “glares at me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	16	10	i21w			0	People have gaped with open mouth	To “gape” means to stare in amazement with open mouth.
JOB	16	11	j7re	figs-parallelism		0	hands me over to ungodly people, and throws me into the hands of wicked people	These two lines mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize Job’s feeling of having been betrayed by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	16	11	mm84	figs-idiom		0	hands me over to	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “puts me under the control of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	16	11	zm7g	figs-metonymy		0	throws me into the hands	Here a person’s “hands” refer to his “control.” Alternate translation: “delivers me to the control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	16	12	t8kc	figs-metaphor		0	and he broke me apart	Job speaks of his pain and despair as if he himself were something that was broken into pieces. Alternate translation: “but then it felt as though he broke me apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	16	12	k9u5	figs-metaphor		0	dashed me to pieces	Job speaks of God causing him pain and despair as if he were something that God had taken and smashed into pieces. Alternate translation: “it is as though he has taken me by the neck and smashed me to pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	16	12	nt7z	figs-metaphor		0	he has also set me up as his target	Job speaks of himself being the focus of God’s attacks as if God has set him up as a target to shoot arrows at. Alternate translation: “it is as though he set me up like a target” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	16	13	kx4d	figs-metaphor		0	His archers surround me all around	Job speaks of himself being the focus of God’s attacks as if God has set him up as a target and God had archers surrounding him to attack him. Alternate translation: “It is as though his archers have me surrounded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	16	13	e7bp	figs-metaphor		0	God pierces my kidneys and does not spare me; he pours out my bile on the ground	Job speaks of the pain he is feeling by comparing it to God piercing his body with arrows. Here “God” represents the arrows that he shoots. Alternate translation: “It feels like God’s arrows have pierced my kidneys and my liver, spilling my bile on the ground. He does not spare me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	16	14	lx7f	figs-metaphor		0	He smashes through my wall	Job speaks of the pain that he feels by comparing himself to a wall that God smashes through. Alternate translation: “I feel like a wall that God smashes through” or “I feel like a wall that God breaks through” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	16	14	r9md	figs-metaphor		0	he runs upon me like a warrior	Job describes God as a soldier that attacks him. Alternate translation: “it is like he is a warrior who runs at me to attack me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	16	15	cnt2	figs-metaphor		0	I have sewn sackcloth on my skin	Job speaks of wearing clothing made of sackcloth as if the cloth were attached to his body. People often wore sackcloth to express mourning or great grief. Alternate translation: “Because I am mourning, I have sewn together sackcloth to wear as my clothing” or “I wear clothing that I made from sackcloth, because I am mourning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	16	15	hil8	figs-metaphor		0	I have thrust my horn into the ground	Job’s “horn” represents the power and authority he had before but now is no more. Alternate translation: “I sit here in the dirt, very depressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	16	16	l1id	figs-synecdoche		0	on my eyelids is the shadow of death	Here Job’s eyes are represented by his “eyelids.” Job speaks of his eyes’ dark appearance as if his eyes looked like the eyes of a dead person. Alternate translation: “there are dark circles around my eyes” or “my eyes are dark, like the eyes of a dead person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	16	17	cs74	figs-metonymy		0	there is no violence in my hands	“Hands” refers to a person’s ability and activity. Alternate translation: “I have not acted violently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	16	18	xf2z	figs-apostrophe		0	Earth, do not cover up my blood	Jobs speaks to the “earth” directly even though it cannot hear him, to add strength to his statement. The earth is personified as purposefully covering up his blood after he dies. Alternate translation: “I wish my blood would not soak into the ground but that it would remain on top of the ground as proof of how I died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	16	18	aj18	figs-metonymy		0	Earth, do not cover up my blood	Job speaks of himself dying as if he would be murdered. Here his “blood” is a metonym referring to his death. Alternate translation: “Earth, when I die, do not hide how I died unfairly” or “Let it not be hidden how I died unfairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	16	18	bg2u	figs-personification		0	let my cry have no resting place	Job speaks of wanting everyone to know what happened to him as if his “cry” were a person that never stopped testifying to what happened to him and never rested. Alternate translation: “let everyone hear about what has happened to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	16	19	kg4r			0	see	Job uses this word to draw attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “listen”
JOB	16	19	z7js			0	vouches for me	Alternate translation: “testifies that I am righteous”
JOB	16	19	dhm2	figs-idiom		0	on high	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “in heaven” or “in heaven on high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	16	20	b5wz			0	scoff at	Alternate translation: “scorn” or “ridicule”
JOB	16	20	v43g	figs-hyperbole		0	my eye pours out tears	Job describes how strongly he feels his sorrow. Here he exaggerates how he often cries by saying that tears pour from his eyes. Alternate translation: “my eyes are full of tears while I cry out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOB	16	21	izh8	figs-123person		0	for this man	“for me.” Here Job refers to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JOB	16	21	kk12	figs-simile		0	as a man does with his neighbor!	“as a man does for his neighbor.” Job describes how he wants that one in heaven to plead for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	16	22	z81v	figs-explicit		0	I will go to a place	Here Job is referring to himself dying. Alternate translation: “I will die and go to a place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	17	intro	rs6g			0		# Job 17 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Eliphaz, but it is more directly addressed to Yahweh.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s grief<br>Job expresses grief or great sadness in this chapter. He awaits the justice and intercession of Yahweh as he awaits his own death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]])<br><br>### Advocate<br>Job describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
JOB	17	1	c8r6	figs-synecdoche		0	My spirit is consumed	Job refers to himself by his “spirit” to emphasize his inner emotions. He speaks of not having any strength left as if he were something that has been used up. Alternate translation: “I am consumed” or “I have lost all of my strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	17	1	yjx4			0	my days are over	Alternate translation: “my time is over” or “I am going to die soon”
JOB	17	1	awv1	figs-personification		0	the grave is ready for me	This phrase describes “the grave” as if it is a person who will receive Job as a guest. Alternate translation: “soon I will be dead and buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	17	2	z26q			0	Surely there are mockers with me	Alternate translation: “Those who are around me are mocking me”
JOB	17	2	jf81			0	Surely	Alternate translation: “Certainly” or “There is no doubt that”
JOB	17	2	wp1h	figs-synecdoche		0	my eye must always see	Job refers to himself by his “eyes” to emphasize what he sees. Alternate translation: “I must always see” or “I must always hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	17	2	wr6q	figs-abstractnouns		0	their provocation	“their insults.” The word “provocation” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “them provoking me” or “them, trying to make me angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	17	3	fwk5	figs-metaphor		0	Give now a pledge, be a guarantee for me with yourself	Job begins to speak to God. Here he speaks of his situation as if he were in prison. He is asking God to provide a pledge so that he may be released. Alternate translation: “God, give now a pledge so that I may be released from this prison” or “pay for my release from prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	17	3	l8dv	figs-rquestion		0	who else is there who will help me?	Job uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no one else to help him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “there is no one else who will help me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	17	4	fbr7	figs-synecdoche		0	have kept their hearts	The word “their” refers to his friends. They are referred to by their “hearts” to emphasize their emotions. Alternate translation: “have kept them” or “have kept my friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	17	4	y4ne			0	you will not exalt them over me	Alternate translation: “you will not allow them to triumph over me”
JOB	17	5	yxa4			0	He who	Alternate translation: “Anyone who”
JOB	17	5	kb8z			0	denounces his friends for a reward	Alternate translation: “falsely accuses his friends in order to get a profit” or “betrays his friends to receive a reward”
JOB	17	5	i5ps	figs-synecdoche		0	the eyes of his children will fail	The person’s children are referred to here by their “eyes.” This phrase describes the children suffering because of what their father or mother did. Alternate translation: “his children will suffer for it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	17	6	kzr9	figs-explicit		0	he has made me a byword of the people	This means that people speak of him in a mocking way and use his name as an insult. Alternate translation: “because of him, people use my name as an insult” or “because of them, people use my name as a byword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	17	6	me7l	translate-symaction		0	they spit in my face	“people spit in my face.” In this culture spitting on someone was a great insult. If spitting has a different meaning in your culture you can write this differently. Alternate translation: “people insult me greatly, by spitting in my face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB	17	7	a9ip	figs-metonymy		0	My eye is also dim because of sorrow	Job speaks of his vision as his “eyes.” Alternate translation: “My vision has become weak because I am so sad” or “I am almost blind because of my sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	17	7	my86	figs-simile		0	all my body parts are as thin as shadows	Shadows have no thickness and are infinitely thin. That is an exaggeration of how thin Job’s body parts are. Alternate translation: “all my body parts are very thin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOB	17	7	pis4	figs-hyperbole		0	all my body parts	This is a generalization used to emphasize that his whole body is thin, but refers specifically to his arms and legs. Alternate translation: “my arms and legs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOB	17	8	cqh3			0	will be stunned	Alternate translation: “will be shocked” or “will be horrified”
JOB	17	8	u28k			0	by this	Alternate translation: “by what has happened to me”
JOB	17	8	g1f9	figs-idiom		0	will stir himself up against	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will be distressed because of” or “will be very angry with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	17	9	r9ay	figs-idiom		0	will keep to his way	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will continue to live in a righteous way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	17	9	lqi9	figs-metaphor		0	he who has clean hands	This speaks of a person being innocent as having clean hands. Alternate translation: “he who does what is right” or “he who is innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	17	9	lx6m			0	will grow stronger and stronger	This does not refer only to physical strength but also to the strength of a person’s will and emotions.
JOB	17	10	e43i			0	you all	Job is speaking to Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar.
JOB	17	10	e7nv	figs-explicit		0	come on now	Job invites his friends to debate what he has said. Alternate translation: “come on now, argue with me again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	17	11	nba8	figs-idiom		0	My days are past	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “My time is past” or “My life is over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	17	11	f9nn	figs-metonymy		0	my plans are shattered, and so are the desires of my heart	Here Job’s “heart” represents his inner being. Alternate translation: “my plans will never happen, nor will the things that I have desired most” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	17	12	m4j6	figs-doublet		0	These people, these mockers	These two phrases refer to the same people, namely Job’s friends, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. The second phrase emphasizes their unfriendly attitude. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB	17	12	m8i8	figs-metaphor		0	change the night into day	This speaks of the people claiming that night is day as if they actually changed night into day. Alternate translation: “claim it is daytime when it is night” or “say the opposite of what is true, just as night is the opposite of day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	17	12	fif1	figs-explicit		0	light is near to darkness	It is implied that the mockers claim that it is light when it is close to dark. Alternate translation: “they claim that light is near to darkness” or “they claim that when it is becoming dark, that it is getting light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	17	13	pj8i	figs-hypo		0	If the only home … and if I have spread	The instances of “if” here have the meaning of “since”; Job is speaking as if all these things were true. “Since the only home … and since I have spread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB	17	13	h88c	figs-metaphor		0	have spread my couch in the darkness	Here Job speaks of being prepared to die as having laid his bed in the darkness. Alternate translation: “have prepared myself to go and sleep among the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	17	13	kx3d			0	have spread my couch	Alternate translation: “have made my bed”
JOB	17	14	m7hf	figs-hypo		0	if I have said	The word “if” here has the meaning of “since”; Job is speaking as if this were true. “since I have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB	17	14	ud6f	figs-parallelism		0	I have said to the pit … and to the worm	These two lines are a variation to each other and are used together to emphasize how desperate Job is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	17	14	z4yk			0	the pit	Alternate translation: “the grave”
JOB	17	14	uwb3	figs-metaphor		0	You are my father	Job speaks of the closeness he will soon have with his grave by comparing it to the closeness a man has with his father. Alternate translation: “You are as close to me as my father” or “When I am buried, you will be as close to me as a father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	17	14	nrr3			0	the worm	“the maggot.” Worms are the small creatures that eat dead bodies.
JOB	17	14	e6lb	figs-metaphor		0	You are my mother or my sister	Job speaks of the closeness he will soon have with the worms in his grave by comparing it to the closeness a man has with his mother and sisters. Alternate translation: “You are as close to me as my mother or my sister” or “You will be as close to me as a mother or sister” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	17	15	zb7d	figs-rquestion		0	where then is my hope?	The implicit answer is “nowhere,” because he has no hope. This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have no hope.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	17	15	g6bv	figs-rquestion		0	As for my hope, who can see any?	This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that no one expects him to have any hope. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can see any hope for me.” or “No one expects me to have any more hope.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	17	16	h77p	figs-rquestion		0	Will hope go down with me … dust?	The implicit answer is “no.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Hope will not go down with me … dust.” or “I will no longer hope when I go down … dust.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	17	16	yx83	figs-metaphor		0	gates of Sheol	Sheol does not really have gates, but it is a metaphor for Job entering Sheol. Alternate translation: “when I go into Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	17	16	ajw5			0	when we	“when I and the things that I hope for” or “when I and my hopes.” The word “we” refers to Job and his hope.
JOB	17	16	z16e	figs-idiom		0	descend to the dust	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “die and are buried” or “go to the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	18	intro	qk5f			0		# Job 18 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job’s friend, Bildad. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke, and he is even angry at Job.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Bildad’s advice<br>Bildad tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Bildad gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
JOB	18	1	g41k	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Bildad the Shuhite is speaking to Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	18	1	b2sb			0	Then Bildad the Shuhite answered and said	“Bildad” is the name of a man who is a member of the tribe of Shuah. See how you translated this in [Job 8:1](../08/01.md).
JOB	18	2	b4en	figs-rquestion		0	When will you stop your talk?	This rhetorical question means that Job has been talking for too long.  Alternate translation: “Stop talking!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	18	2	jpp1			0	Consider, and	Alternate translation: “Be reasonable, and” or “Think about these things, and”
JOB	18	3	b16n	figs-rquestion		0	Why are we regarded as beasts, stupid in your sight?	Bildad uses this rhetorical questions to emphasize to Job that he should not consider his friends as animals who cannot think or speak. It can be written as a statement in active form. Alternate translation: “We should not be regarded as beasts, as stupid in your sight.” or “You should not regard us as beasts or think of us as stupid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	18	3	myx4	figs-exclusive		0	Why are we	The word “we” probably refers to Bildad and Job’s other friends and so is exclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
JOB	18	3	v7r1	figs-metonymy		0	regarded	Regarding, looking, is a metonym here for thinking well or badly of someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	18	3	yk9u	figs-metaphor		0	in your sight	Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your judgment” or “in your thinking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	18	3	pdy5	figs-123person		0	your sight	The word “your” here is plural. Bildad is using sarcasm to tell Job that Job should not think of himself as a great man. Alternate translation: “your sight, you who wrongly think you are great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB	18	4	zm4p	figs-explicit		0	You who tear at yourself in your anger	Here Bildad is stating that it is because of Job’s anger and disobedience that he has been injured, not because of God’s anger as Job has previously claimed. The word “tear” here means to “injure.” Alternate translation: “You who have caused your own injuries because of your anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	18	4	ug9i	figs-rquestion		0	should the earth be forsaken for you or should the rocks be removed out of their places?	This rhetorical question suggests that letting Job, whom they consider a guilty man, go free would be like changing the whole world. Bildad uses these huge exaggerations here to emphasize how outrageous he thinks this is. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “asking God to let you, a guilty man, go free is as silly as asking for God to forsake the earth for your sake or for God to move the rocks out of their places to please you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOB	18	4	r5lg	figs-activepassive		0	should the earth be forsaken	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “should everyone leave the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	18	4	zyh5	figs-activepassive		0	should the rocks be removed out of their places	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The word “rocks” here refers to large rocks, such as those in the mountains. Alternate translation: “should God remove the rocks from their places” or “should God move mountains around” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	18	5	e2fi	figs-metaphor		0	Indeed, the light of the wicked person will be put out; the spark of his fire will not shine	Bildad speaks of a wicked person dying as if his lamp were being blown out. Alternate translation: “What will happen is that the lives of wicked people like you end as quickly as we can put out a light or extinguish the flame of a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	18	5	d868	figs-activepassive		0	will be put out	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will go out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	18	6	uj2t	figs-metaphor		0	The light will be dark in his tent; his lamp above him will be put out	Bildad continues to speak of the wicked person dying. He speaks of the wicked man’s life as if it were the light in his tent. Alternate translation: It will be like the light in his tent has turned to darkness, like the lamp above him has gone out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	18	7	fxl3	figs-metaphor		0	The steps of his strength will be made short	This speaks of the wicked person suddenly experiencing disaster as if he no longer had strength to walk. Alternate translation: “It will be like he no longer has the strength to walk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	18	7	bgk5	figs-metaphor		0	his own plans will cast him down	“his own advice makes him fall down.” This speaks of the wicked person undergoing disaster as if he fell down. Alternate translation: “his own plans will lead him into disaster” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	18	8	t3iw	figs-metaphor		0	For he will be thrown into a net by his own feet; he will walk into a pitfall	“His own feet will lead him into a net.” Bildad uses this image to say that the way that a wicked person lives his life leads him to sudden disaster. Alternate translation: “It will be as though he led himself into a net, as if he walked right into a pitfall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	18	8	fl11			0	a net	cords or ropes that people weave together to create a mesh. People used nets to catch animals.
JOB	18	8	wa1n			0	a pitfall	a pit that has branches and leaves over it so that an animal will walk onto the branches and leaves and fall into the pit
JOB	18	9	t6fv	figs-metaphor		0	A trap will take him … a snare will	These four phrases speak of the wicked man experiencing disaster as if he were caught in a trap. Alternate translation: “It will be as though a trap will take him … a snare will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	18	9	jr8g			0	A trap	People used this kind of trap to catch birds. The trap snapped shut and held on to the foot of the bird.
JOB	18	9	dnn6	figs-synecdoche		0	will take him by the heel	Here the “heel” refers to the whole foot. Alternate translation: “will take hold of his foot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	18	10	u5yk	figs-metaphor		0	A noose is … and a trap for him in the way	These four phrases speak of the wicked man experiencing disaster as if he were caught in a trap. Alternate translation: “It will be as though a noose is … and a trap for him in the way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	18	10	q4wx	figs-activepassive		0	A noose is hidden for him on the ground	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone has hidden a noose on the ground in order to catch him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	18	10	xp42			0	A noose	a rope with a loop that grabs hold of an animal’s leg when the animal steps in the middle of the loop
JOB	18	10	f193	figs-ellipsis		0	a trap for him	The understood verbal phrase “is hidden” may be supplied. Alternate translation: “a trap is hidden on the path to catch him” or “someone will hide a trap to catch him in the way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOB	18	11	e8bw			0	Terrors will make him afraid on every side	Alternate translation: “Terrors all around will make him afraid”
JOB	18	11	ln1g	figs-personification		0	they will chase him at his heels	This speaks of the things that terrify the wicked person as if they were enemies who chased him. Alternate translation: “it will be as if the terrors will chase him all around” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	18	12	v7el	figs-metaphor		0	His wealth will turn into hunger	This speaks of the wicked man becoming poor and hungry as if his wealth were something that turned into something else. Alternate translation: “Instead of being wealthy, he will become poor and hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	18	12	zbs5	figs-idiom		0	calamity will be ready at his side	The phrase “ready at his side” is an idiom that means that something is continually present. Alternate translation: “he will continually experience disaster” or “he will not be able to avoid calamity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	18	13	u5is	figs-activepassive		0	The parts of his body will be devoured	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Also, this speaks of a disease destroying his body as if it were an animal that had attacked him and was eating him. Alternate translation: “Disease will eat away at his skin” or “Disease will destroy his skin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	18	13	mrr7	figs-metaphor		0	the firstborn of death will devour his parts	Here a disease that kills many people is referred to as “the firstborn of death.” This speaks of that disease destroying his body as if it were an animal that had attacked him and was eating him. Alternate translation: “a deadly disease will destroy the different parts of his body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	18	14	m1gl	figs-activepassive		0	He is torn from the safety of his tent	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Disaster rips him out of his tent, where he is safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	18	14	r3dq	figs-activepassive		0	marched off	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it marches him off” or “it forces him to go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	18	14	atl1	figs-explicit		0	the king of terrors	This is a reference to “King Death,” a pagan god who was believed to rule over death. Alternate translation: “the one who rules over the dead” or “the king of death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	18	15	n4sy			0	People not his own	Alternate translation: “People who are not his family”
JOB	18	15	fpm9	figs-activepassive		0	after they see that sulfur is scattered within his home	People used sulfur to get rid of any diseases from a dying person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after they spread sulfur all over his home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	18	16	uul5	figs-metaphor		0	His roots will be dried up … branch be cut off	This speaks of the wicked man dying and having no descendants as if he were a tree whose roots dried up and branches withered, producing no fruit. Alternate translation: “He will die and leave no descendants, he will be like a tree whose roots have dried up and whose branches have all withered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	18	16	u1by	figs-activepassive		0	will his branch be cut off	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his branches will wither” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	18	17	y9j9	figs-parallelism		0	His memory will perish from the earth; he will have no name in the street	These phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize the fact that nobody will remember him after he dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	18	17	m6xw	figs-metaphor		0	His memory will perish from the earth	This speaks of the “memory” of the wicked man as if it were a person who died. Alternate translation: “No one on the earth will remember him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	18	17	fs6r	figs-idiom		0	he will have no name in the street	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “no one walking along the street will even remember his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	18	18	k7ju	figs-parallelism		0	He will be driven from light into darkness … and be chased out of this world	These phrases together emphasize the fact that the wicked person will be sent to Sheol, the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	18	18	er2m	figs-activepassive		0	He will be driven from light into darkness	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will drive the wicked person from light into darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	18	18	w8ix	figs-metonymy		0	from light into darkness	The word “light” refers to life, and the word “darkness” refers to death. Alternate translation: “from the light of life to the darkness of death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	18	18	pgz1	figs-metaphor		0	be chased out of this world	This speaks of God making him leave earth and go where dead people go as if he were chasing him. Alternate translation: “God will make him leave this world” or “God will send him to the place where dead people go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	18	18	dr9v	figs-activepassive		0	be chased out	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will chase him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	18	19	u2ga	figs-parallelism		0	He will have no son … nor any remaining kinfolk where he had stayed	Together these two phrases emphasize that he will have no family or descendants left. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	18	19	chi9			0	son’s son	Alternate translation: “grandson” or “grandchild”
JOB	18	19	asp3			0	kinfolk	Alternate translation: “relatives”
JOB	18	20	wn9y	figs-merism		0	Those who live in the west … those who live in the east will be frightened by it	The phrases “in the west” and “in the east” are together a merism that refers to all people living everywhere. This is an exaggeration as not everyone on the earth will hear about what happened to a specific wicked person. Alternate translation: “Everyone in the whole world will be horrified and frightened when they see what happens to the wicked person” or “Many people who live in the east and in the west will be horrified and frightened when they see what happens to the wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOB	18	20	r4pt			0	one day	Alternate translation: “someday”
JOB	18	21	da3s	figs-parallelism		0	the homes of unrighteous people, the places of those who do not know God	These two phrases have the same meaning and refer to the same people. Here these people are referred to by the places where they live. Alternate translation: “unrighteous people, those who do not know God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	19	intro	vq57			0		# Job 19 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Bildad.<br><br>Verses 25-27 are very important to this book. They show the great depth of Job’s faith in Yahweh after his most difficult time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
JOB	19	1	rlm3	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
JOB	19	1	u8kd			0	Connecting Statement:	Job speaks to his three friends.
JOB	19	2	xxa9	figs-rquestion		0	How long will you make me suffer and break me into pieces with words?	Job uses this question to complain about how his friends are treating him. Alternate translation: “Stop making me suffer and breaking me into pieces with words.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	19	2	r3lw	figs-metaphor		0	break me into pieces with words	Job uses this image to say that their words make him feel very sad and hopeless. Alternate translation: “torment me with your words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	19	3	k4th	figs-idiom		0	These ten times you have reproached me	The phrase “These ten times” refers to the way that the friends have completely rebuked Job. Alternate translation: “You have completely reproached me” or “You have reproached me many times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	19	3	uy8e			0	you are not ashamed that you have treated me harshly	Job is rebuking them for this. This can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “You should be ashamed that you have treated me so harshly”
JOB	19	3	vjt8			0	have treated me harshly	Alternate translation: “have despised me” or “have publicly ridiculed me”
JOB	19	4	f1ee			0	have erred	Alternate translation: “have sinned by accident” or “mistakenly sinned”
JOB	19	4	bfn1	figs-explicit		0	my error remains my own concern	Job implies that his friends are not responsible for continuing to rebuke him since he is the one who made the error. Alternate translation: “my error is my own responsibility, so you should not continue to rebuke me” or “my error did not hurt you, so you should not continue to rebuke me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	19	4	fb5f			0	my error	Alternate translation: “my sin” or “my mistake”
JOB	19	5	z7gm			0	If indeed you will exalt yourselves above me	Alternate translation: “If you think you are better than I am” or “Since you act as though you are better than I am”
JOB	19	5	ms5y	figs-explicit		0	use my humiliation against me	How his friends would do this can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “claim that my humiliation is proof against me” or “use my humiliation as evidence that I am guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	19	5	tzm1	figs-abstractnouns		0	use my humiliation against me	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **humiliation**, you can express the same idea with the verb “humiliate.” Alternate translation: “claim that what has happened to humiliate me proves that I am guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	19	6	gb9h	figs-metaphor		0	has caught me in his net	Job speaks as if God were a hunter that has trapped Job in his net. This metaphor represents God taking control of Job and Job’s feeling of helplessness. Alternate translation: “has trapped me” or “has taken control of me” or “has control of what happens to me, so that I am helpless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	19	7	bp47			0	See, I cry out	Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I cry out”
JOB	19	7	zyg9	figs-explicit		0	Violence!	This is a cry for help. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Violence! Help!” or “Help! I am being attacked!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	19	7	i3lc			0	I call out for help	Alternate translation: “I shout for help” or “I cry for help”
JOB	19	7	i4w8	figs-abstractnouns		0	but there is no justice	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you can express the same idea with a phrase that makes the meaning clear. Alternate translation: “but no one protects me from those who do me wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	19	8	dpr7	figs-metaphor		0	He has walled up … darkness in my path	Job uses these images to describe how God has made him feel helpless and hopeless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	19	8	ly9g			0	He has walled up my way so that I cannot pass	Alternate translation: “God has put a wall on the road that I am walking on” or “He has blocked the way so I cannot keep going”
JOB	19	9	wfj7	figs-metaphor		0	He has stripped … the crown from my head	Job uses these images to say that God has taken his good reputation, wealth, and dignity away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	19	9	hjr9	figs-metaphor		0	He has stripped me of my glory	Job speaks of his glory as if it were a robe that God has taken away. Alternate translation: “He has taken away my glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	19	9	rf7s	figs-metaphor		0	he has taken the crown from my head	The crown refers to Job’s dignity or honor. Alternate translation: “he has taken away my dignity and honor” or “it is as though he has taken my crown off my head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	19	10	tiq1	figs-metaphor		0	He has broken me down on every side	Job speaks of God ruining him as if Job were building that God is smashing down. Alternate translation: “He has ruined me in every way” or “He has attacked me in every way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	19	10	r4pd	figs-metaphor		0	I am gone	The metaphor “being gone” represents being completely destroyed. Alternate translation: “I am completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	19	10	jd8w	figs-simile		0	he has pulled up my hope like a tree	Job speaks of God causing Job not to have hope as if Job’s hope were a tree that God has pulled with its roots out of the ground. Alternate translation: “he has completely taken away all my hope” or “because of what he has done, I can no longer hope for anything good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	19	10	v64y	figs-simile		0	like a tree	This simile is also an ellipsis. You may need to supply the omitted words. Alternate translation: “the way a man pulls a tree up by its roots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOB	19	11	p3my	figs-metaphor		0	He has also kindled his wrath against me	Job speaks of God’s wrath as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: “God has also lit a fire of anger against me” or “God has also become very angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	19	11	p3pk			0	he regards me as one of his adversaries	Alternate translation: “he thinks of me as an enemy”
JOB	19	12	wkz6	figs-metaphor		0	His troops come on together	Job speaks of God attacking him as if Job was a city and God was sending an army to attack it. Alternate translation: “God sends his army to attack me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	19	12	z3lb	figs-metaphor		0	they cast up siege mounds against me	Job speaks of God attacking him as if Job was a city and God’s army was piling up dirt against the city wall in order to climb over the wall and attack the city. Alternate translation: “the soldiers pile up dirt in order to climb over my wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	19	12	fg89	figs-metaphor		0	encamp around my tent	Job speaks of God attacking him as if Job was in his tent and God’s army was camping around him and preparing to attack him. Alternate translation: “they camp around my tent and prepare to attack me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	19	13	zk2b	figs-metaphor		0	He has put my brothers far from me	Being “far from” someone represents being unwilling to relate to him or help him. Alternate translation: “God has caused my brothers to stay away from me” or “God caused my brothers to refuse to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	19	13	iv61	figs-activepassive		0	my acquaintances are wholly alienated from me	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my acquaintances have alienated themselves from me” or “my friends treat me like a stranger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	19	14	m425			0	My kinsfolk have failed me	Alternate translation: “My relatives have left me without help”
JOB	19	14	m7pr			0	my close friends	Alternate translation: “my intimate friends”
JOB	19	14	l2e7			0	have forgotten me	“have abandoned me” or “have neglected me.” This means that they refuse to treat him according to how he and they had related to each other in the past. It implies that they abandoned him.
JOB	19	15	kz75			0	regard me	Alternate translation: “consider me”
JOB	19	15	y376	figs-metaphor		0	I am an alien in their sight	Job describes how people now think of him as an outsider. Here sight represents judgement or evaluation. Alternate translation: “they think of me as a foreigner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	19	16	x8ak			0	but he gives me no answer	“but he does not respond to me” or “but he does not come to me.” The answer is a response to Job’s call.
JOB	19	16	hds8	figs-metonymy		0	although I entreat him with my mouth	The phrase “my mouth” is a metonym which refers to Job speaking. Alternate translation: “even though I speak to him and plead with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	19	16	h3pa			0	entreat him	Alternate translation: “plead with him”
JOB	19	17	dgg7	figs-metonymy		0	My breath is offensive to my wife	Here “breath” represents the smell of his breath. If something is offensive to someone, it means that he hates it. Alternate translation: “My wife hates the smell of my breath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	19	17	ufr3	figs-explicit		0	those who were born from my mother’s womb	Job refers to his brothers and sisters this way to imply that they are people who should love him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “my own brothers who should love me” or “my brothers and sisters who should love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	19	18	wi94			0	despise me	Alternate translation: “hate me” or “detest me”
JOB	19	18	fp7g			0	they speak against me	Alternate translation: “they ridicule me” or “they make fun of me”
JOB	19	19	uf7f			0	All my familiar friends	“All my closest friends” or “All of my friends with whom I shared my secrets.” This refers to his closest friends.
JOB	19	19	c1c6			0	abhor me	Alternate translation: “think I am disgusting”
JOB	19	19	t7hn			0	have turned against me	Alternate translation: “have betrayed me”
JOB	19	20	lt45			0	My bones cling to my skin and to my flesh	“I am just skin and bones” or “My skin sticks to my bones.” Job speaks of his bones, skin, and flesh to describe his appearance. He was extremely thin, and people could easily see the shape of his bones. Some languages have idioms for this.
JOB	19	20	ud4z	figs-idiom		0	I survive only by the skin of my teeth	This idiom means that he is barely surviving, that he almost does not survive. Alternate translation: “I am barely alive” or “I hardly survive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	19	21	ux63			0	Have pity upon me	Alternate translation: “Have compassion on me”
JOB	19	21	tbg5	figs-metonymy		0	for the hand of God has touched me	Here “touched me” is a metonym for “hit me.” And, “hand” represents God’s power. Causing Job to suffer is spoken of as if Yahweh were physically hitting him with his hand. Alternate translation: “because God has afflicted me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	19	22	g28h	figs-rquestion		0	Why do you pursue me … God does?	Job uses this question to complain about how his friends are treating him. Alternate translation: “Do not persecute me … God does!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	19	22	c296	figs-rquestion		0	Will you ever be satisfied with my flesh?	Job uses this question to complain about how his friends are treating him. Alternate translation: “You have consumed my flesh enough!” or “Stop consuming my flesh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	19	22	y17f	figs-metaphor		0	Will you ever be satisfied with my flesh?	Job speaks of his friends speaking so cruelly to him as if they were wild beasts eating up another animal. Alternate translation: “Stop violently slandering me.” or “Stop attacking me with your words.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	19	23	r9n7	figs-exclamations		0	Oh, that my words were now written down	This exclamation tells what Job wishes for. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I wish that someone would write down my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	19	23	llm4			0	my words	Alternate translation: “what I am saying”
JOB	19	23	ti7g	figs-exclamations		0	Oh, that they were inscribed in a book	This exclamation tells what Job wishes for. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I wish that someone would write them in a book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	19	24	a2et	figs-exclamations		0	Oh, that with an iron pen and lead they were engraved in the rock forever	This exclamation tells what Job wishes for. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I wish that someone would use an iron pen and lead to carve them in the rock forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	19	24	gz9c			0	an iron pen	“an iron chisel.” This was a tool used for writing. It was made of iron so that people could carve words in rock.
JOB	19	24	nd22			0	lead	Lead is a soft metal. We do not know how people used lead when carving rock. They may have filled the letters of the inscription with lead in order to make the inscription last longer.
JOB	19	25	q57z			0	my Redeemer	“My Defender.” Here “Redeemer” refers to a person who will rescue Job by proving Job’s innocence, restoring his honor, and giving him justice.
JOB	19	25	yy3q	figs-metonymy		0	at last he will stand on the earth	This refers to standing to speak in court. This could mean: (1) the Redeemer will be the last one to speak in the court. Alternate translation: “he will judge whether or not I am guilty” or (2) the Redeemer will stand in this final court to defend Job. Alternate translation: “at last he will defend me in court” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	19	26	t5gt			0	after my skin … is destroyed	Possible meanings are that this refers to: (1) his body being destroyed by disease or (2) his body decaying after he has died.
JOB	19	26	p2pl	figs-metonymy		0	in my flesh I will see God	His flesh represents his body, and “in my flesh” represents being alive. Alternate translation: “while I live in my body, I will see God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	19	27	m1wt	figs-synecdoche		0	my own eyes—I, and not someone else	The synecdoche “my own eyes” represents Job. The phrases “my eyes” and “and not someone else” emphasize that Job himself will actually see God. It is not that someone else will see God and tell Job about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	19	27	c3pc	figs-metaphor		0	My heart fails within me	People thought of the heart as being where the emotions are. So the heart failing represents him having very many emotions. Alternate translation: “I am very emotional about it” or “My emotions overwhelm me as I think about that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	19	27	k566	figs-explicit		0	My heart fails within me	This could mean: (1) Job feels very hopeful, thankful, and happy or (2) Job feels exhausted waiting to see his Redeemer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	19	28	np8p	figs-exclamations		0	How we will persecute him!	This is an exclamation. This could mean: (1) that they will certainly persecute Job or (2) that they will persecute him severely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
JOB	19	28	ddd3	figs-metaphor		0	The root of his troubles lies in him	The “root” represents the source. Alternate translation: “He is the source of all his troubles” or “He has all these troubles because of what he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	19	29	tw35	figs-metonymy		0	then be afraid of the sword	Possible meanings are that the sword represents: (1) God judging them. Alternate translation: “then be afraid that God will judge you” or (2) God killing them. Alternate translation: “then be afraid that God will kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	19	29	t8gg	figs-abstractnouns		0	because wrath brings the punishment of the sword	The abstract nouns “wrath” and “punishment” can be expressed with the adjective “angry” and the verb “punish.” This could mean: (1) God’s anger results in punishment. Alternate translation: “because God will be angry with you and punish you” or (2) the anger of Job’s friends results in punishment. Alternate translation: “because if you are so angry with me, God will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	19	29	yy9j			0	brings	Alternate translation: “causes” or “results in”
JOB	19	29	n1i1	figs-abstractnouns		0	there is a judgment	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you can express the same idea with the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “God judges people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	20	intro	p78g			0		# Job 20 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job’s friend, Zophar. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke, and he is even angry at Job. He claims that Job took advantage of the poor and is being punished for it.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Zophar’s advice<br>Zophar tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Zophar gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br>There are many metaphors used in this chapter. Zophar uses them to explain the temporary nature of life and riches. He also uses them to describe God’s punishment of Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	1	p292			0	General Information:	Zophar replies to Job.
JOB	20	1	chh1			0	Zophar the Naamathite	See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). Since this is the second time that Zophar speaks, some translations omit “the Naamathite” here.
JOB	20	2	eef1	figs-metaphor		0	My thoughts make me answer quickly	The idea of Zophar’s thoughts making him do something represents his strong desire to do something. Alternate translation: “I want very much to answer you quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	2	wy6h	figs-abstractnouns		0	because of the worry that is in me	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **worry**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “worried.” The reason for the worry can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “because I am very worried about you” or “because I am very worried because of what you said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	20	3	m5c5	figs-abstractnouns		0	I hear a rebuke that dishonors me	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rebuke**, you can express the same idea with the verb “rebuke.” Alternate translation: “I hear you rebuke me, and what you say dishonors me” or “You insult me by how you rebuke me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	20	3	y21q			0	a spirit from my understanding answers me	Here “spirit” probably refers to a thought or idea. Alternate translation: “a thought from my understanding answers me”
JOB	20	3	pk2s	figs-personification		0	a spirit from my understanding answers me	This “spirit” or thought is spoken of as if it were a person that could answer Zophar. Alternate translation: “I have a thought from my understanding, and now I know what I wanted to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	20	3	dt4l	figs-explicit		0	a spirit from my understanding answers me	The content of the answer can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “a thought from my understanding answers me about how I can reply to you” or “I have a thought from my understanding, and now I know how I can reply to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	20	3	dha7	figs-abstractnouns		0	a spirit from my understanding answers me	The abstract nouns “spirit” and “understanding” can be expressed with the verbs “think” and “understand.” Alternate translation: “because I understand things, I have thought, and now I know how I can reply to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	20	4	um5p			0	Do you not know this fact from ancient times … man on earth	Zophar begins a rhetorical question to cause Job to think deeply about what he will now say.
JOB	20	5	cr4t			0	Connecting Statement:	Zophar finishes the rhetorical question he began in verse 4.
JOB	20	5	nhc5	figs-rquestion		0	the triumph … for a moment?	Zophar uses a rhetorical question to cause Job to think deeply about what he will now say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “Surely you know … man on earth; the triumph … for a moment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	20	5	ubq8	figs-abstractnouns		0	the triumph of a wicked man is short	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **triumph**, you can express the same idea with the verbs “triumph” or “celebrate.” Alternate translation: “the wicked man triumphs only a short time” or “the wicked person celebrates for only a little while” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	20	5	u62f	figs-abstractnouns		0	the joy of a godless man lasts only for a moment	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **joy**, you can express the same idea with the verb “rejoice” or the adjective “happy.” The word “moment” is an exaggeration to emphasize that the time is very short. Alternate translation: “a godless man rejoices for only a moment” or “the godless man is happy for only a very short time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOB	20	6	jjd5	figs-abstractnouns		0	Though his height reaches up to the heavens	“Though the wicked person’s height reaches up to the heavens.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **height**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “tall.” Alternate translation: “Though he is as tall as the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	20	6	v8z8	figs-metaphor		0	Though his height reaches up to the heavens	The wicked man’s height represents either his reputation or his pride. Also, here “reaches up to the heavens” represents being very great. Alternate translation: “Though his reputation is great” or “Though his pride is great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	6	by93	figs-metaphor		0	his head reaches to the clouds	“and though his head is as high as the clouds.” This also represents his reputation or pride being great. This means the same as the previous phrase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	20	7	b9xv	figs-simile		0	will perish permanently like his own feces	Feces mixes in with the ground and disappears. The reference to feces may also imply that the wicked person is worthless. Alternate translation: “will perish permanently like his feces, which completely disappears in the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	20	7	x122	figs-simile		0	will perish permanently like his own feces	If people are embarrassed about the word feces, translators may refer to something else that disappears completely. Alternate translation: “will disappear permanently like dust that the wind blows away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	20	8	sfs4			0	He will	Alternate translation: “The wicked person will”
JOB	20	8	rep3	figs-parallelism		0	He will fly away like a dream … he will be chased away like a vision of the night	Here “fly away” and “be chased away” represent disappearing. They may also imply being forgotten, since dreams and visions disappear when people forget them. Alternate translation: “He will disappear like a dream … he will be forgotten like a vision of the night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	20	8	byk9	figs-activepassive		0	will not be found	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will find him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	20	9	xu8t	figs-synecdoche		0	The eye that saw him	The eye represents a person. Alternate translation: “Anyone who saw him” or “The people who saw him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	20	9	x7cu	figs-metonymy		0	his place	The phrase “his place” represents those who live in his place. Alternate translation: “the people who live in his place” or “his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	20	10	v5ee			0	His children	Alternate translation: “The wicked person’s children”
JOB	20	10	lji7	figs-metonymy		0	his hands will have to give back his wealth	Here the word “hands” refers to the wicked man’s children. When he dies, his children will have to return everything that he took from others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	20	11	re6y	figs-synecdoche		0	His bones are full of youthful strength	The word “bones” represents his body. Being “full of youthful strength” represents being strong like a young person. Alternate translation: “His body is strong like a young person’s body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	11	je7r	figs-metonymy		0	but it will lie down with him in the dust	The word “it” refers to his youthful strength. The metonym “lie down … in the dust” represents dying. The strength dying is a metaphor for disappearing. Alternate translation: “but his youthful strength will die with him” or “but his youthful strength will disappear when he dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	12	w36z	figs-metaphor		0	Although wickedness is sweet in his mouth	Here “wickedness is sweet” represents a person enjoying doing wicked things. Alternate translation: “Although doing wicked things is pleasurable like tasting sweet food in the mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	12	nj4p	figs-metaphor		0	although he hides it under his tongue	Zophar speaks of wickedness as if it were sweet food that a person puts under his tongue so it will stay in his mouth and he can taste it for a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	13	d1n2			0	he holds it there and does not let it go but keeps it still in his mouth	Zophar speaks of wickedness as if it were sweet food that a person puts under his tongue so it will stay in his mouth and he can taste it for a long time. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
JOB	20	14	n7jw	figs-metaphor		0	the food in his intestines turns bitter	When food turns bitter in the stomach, it causes pain and a bitter taste. This is a metaphor for a person experiencing the painful consequences of doing wicked things. Alternate translation: “those wicked things become like food that has turned bitter in the stomach” or “the consequences of those wicked things are painful like food that becomes sour in the stomach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	14	zrn4	figs-metaphor		0	it becomes the poison of asps inside him	This image is even worse than sour food in the stomach. This is a metaphor for a person experiencing the terrible consequences of doing wicked things. Alternate translation: “the consequences of doing those wicked things are painful like the poison of asps inside him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	14	lnj1			0	asps	poisonous snakes
JOB	20	15	hs62	figs-metaphor		0	He swallows down riches … cast them out of his stomach	Zophar speaks of gaining and losing wealth as if it were food that a person eats and vomits. Alternate translation: “The wicked person becomes very wealthy, but he loses his wealth like a person who vomits up his food. God causes him to lose it all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	15	r51k	figs-metaphor		0	He swallows down riches	Here, **swallows down riche** could mean: (1) accumulating riches and storing them selfishly. Alternate translation: “The wicked man gains much wealth and keeps it all for himself” or (2) accumulating riches in wicked ways. Alternate translation: “The wicked man steals many riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	15	t47g	figs-metonymy		0	God will cast them out of his stomach	Here “cast them out of his stomach” is a metonym for causing the man to vomit them. This is a metaphor for causing the man to lose his riches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	15	iu2m			0	cast	throw
JOB	20	16	l7yk	figs-metaphor		0	He will suck the poison of asps	Here “suck the poison of asps” represents doing evil things. Both are very dangerous. Alternate translation: “Doing evil things is like sucking the poison of asps” or “He will do evil things and endanger his life like a person who sucks the poison of asps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	16	dg2b			0	asps	poisonous snakes
JOB	20	16	m2pa	figs-metonymy		0	the viper’s tongue will kill him	The viper is a poisonous snake. Its tongue represents its poisonous bite. Alternate translation: “the viper’s poisonous bite will kill him” or “the viper will bite him and he will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	20	16	rf6c	figs-metaphor		0	the viper’s tongue will kill him	The viper represents the man’s wickedness. Alternate translation: “his wickedness will kill him like a viper’s bite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	17	nb52	figs-metaphor		0	the streams, the torrents of honey and butter	“Streams” and “torrents” are metaphors that represent abundance. “Honey” and “butter” are metonyms that represent the good things that God gives people. Alternate translation: “the abundance of good things that God gives his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	20	18	th8a	figs-metaphor		0	the fruit of his labor	Normally “the fruit of his labor” simply refers to the results of his labor. In this case it refers to the things the wicked man had stolen. Alternate translation: “the things he had worked to get” or “the things he had stolen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	20	18	w9e5	figs-metaphor		0	will not be able to eat it	Here “to eat” the fruit of his labor represents enjoying the things he had stolen. Alternate translation: “will not be able to enjoy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	21	e2vt	figs-doublenegatives		0	There is nothing left that he did not devour	This can be reworded with only one of the negatives. Alternate translation: “He devoured everything, and there is nothing left” or “There is nothing left because he devoured everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JOB	20	21	zi35	figs-metaphor		0	There is nothing left that he did not devour	Here “devour” represents taking things for himself. Alternate translation: “There is nothing left that he did not take for himself” or “He took everything for himself, and there is nothing left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	22	k3n2			0	he will fall into trouble	Alternate translation: “he will suddenly experience trouble”
JOB	20	22	tq3y	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of everyone who is in poverty will come against him	Here “hand” represents power, and “hand … will come against him” represents people attacking him. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “poor.” Alternate translation: “everyone who is in poverty will attack him” or “everyone who is poor will attack him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	20	23	d4yy	figs-metonymy		0	to fill his stomach	Here “fill his stomach” is a metonym meaning eat a lot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	20	23	kha9	figs-metaphor		0	God will throw the fierceness of his wrath on him	The “fierceness of his wrath” represents God’s anger and punishment. Throwing the punishment on him represents punishing him severely. Alternate translation: “God will be angry and throw down his punishment on him” or “God will be angry and punish him severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	23	i6l2	figs-metaphor		0	God will rain it down on him	“God will cause it to rain down on him.” Here “rain it down on him” represents causing much punishment to happen to the man. Alternate translation: “God will punish him severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	24	x5uw	figs-metonymy		0	will flee from the iron weapon	The iron weapon represents the person carrying it. Alternate translation: “will flee from the person carrying an iron weapon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	20	24	kj9m	figs-metonymy		0	a bow of bronze will shoot him	The bow represents the person who shoots an arrow with it. Alternate translation: “someone with a bronze bow will shoot him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	20	25	x7rq			0	liver	This is a large and important part of the body. If someone shoots through it with an arrow, the person who is shot will die.
JOB	20	25	puf6	figs-metaphor		0	Terrors come over him	He will suddenly become very afraid. Alternate translation: “he is terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	26	w5yg	figs-metaphor		0	Complete darkness is reserved for his treasures	“Complete darkness” here is a metaphor for destruction. Alternate translation: “Destruction is reserved for his treasures” or “His treasures will be destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	26	syj5	figs-metaphor		0	a fire not fanned will devour him	Here “devour” is a metaphor meaning destroy. Alternate translation: “a fire that is not fanned will destroy him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	26	w47r	figs-explicit		0	a fire not fanned will devour him	The phrase “not fanned” implies that no human will start the fire. Rather, God will cause the fire. Alternate translation: “a fire that is not started by humans will destroy him” or “God will cause a fire to destroy him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	20	26	qsw9	figs-metaphor		0	it will consume	Here “consume” is a metaphor meaning destroy. Alternate translation: “the fire will destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	27	v1vg	figs-metonymy		0	The heavens … the earth	Possible meanings are: (1) those who live in the heavens and the earth or (2) Zophar is describing the heavens and the earth as if they are humans who will testify in court against the wicked person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	20	28	pfc3			0	General Information:	This concludes Zophar’s speech to Job.
JOB	20	28	u2v7			0	vanish	disappear
JOB	20	28	r6s5	figs-metaphor		0	his goods will flow away on	Here “flow away” represents being taken away from him. Alternate translation: “his goods will be taken away from him, like goods that float away in a flood, on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	28	wi73			0	his goods	Alternate translation: “his possessions”
JOB	20	28	e2e8	figs-metonymy		0	the day of God’s wrath	Here “wrath” represents punishment. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wrath**, you can express the same idea with the verb punish. Alternate translation: “the day when God punishes people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	20	29	d9w5	figs-metaphor		0	This is the wicked man’s portion from God	Here “portion from God” represents what God has decided should happen to someone. It is spoken of as if it were something that God would give him. Alternate translation: “This is what God has decided should happen to the wicked man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	20	29	a1s8	figs-metaphor		0	the heritage reserved for him by God	This represents what God has decided should happen to someone. It is spoken of as if it were something that God would give him as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “what God has planned to give to him” or “what God has planned should happen to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	21	intro	k6tx			0		# Job 21 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Zophar. It is also a response to all three of his friends in general.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Ancestor’s sin<br>In the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person could be punished because of the sins of their fathers and ancestors. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While a father’s sin may have consequences for their children, Yahweh does not punish people because of their father’s sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	21	1	l3vp			0	Connecting Statement:	Job begins to answer Zophar’s accusations.
JOB	21	3	x7gy			0	Put up with me	Alternate translation: “Allow me” or “Be patient with me”
JOB	21	3	w3a4	figs-irony		0	mock on	“you can continue mocking me.” Job is using sarcasm to imply that his friends would ignore what he would say and continue to mock him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB	21	4	ztr6			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking to his friends.
JOB	21	4	d6w5	figs-rquestion		0	As for me, is my complaint to a person? Why should I not be impatient?	Job uses questions to emphasize that he thinks it is fair for him to complain to God. Alternate translation: “I am not complaining to a person. I have the right to be impatient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	21	5	lu7q	translate-symaction		0	lay your hand upon your mouth	“cover your mouth with your hand.” Possible meanings are that: (1) this is a response to being astonished. Alternate translation: “cover your mouth with your hand” or (2) this is a symbol that the person will not speak. Alternate translation: “do not say anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB	21	6	f8uu			0	trembling seizes my body	Alternate translation: “fear causes my body to tremble” or “I shake with fear”
JOB	21	7	suz1			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking to his friends.
JOB	21	7	i446	figs-rquestion		0	Why do wicked people continue to live, become old, and grow mighty in power?	Job uses this question to show that his friends are wrong to think evil men always suffer. Alternate translation: “Wicked people indeed continue to live, become old, and become wealthier.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	21	8	w7je	figs-parallelism		0	Their descendants are established with them in their sight … their offspring are established before their eyes	This two clauses mean the same thing and emphasize that this is true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	21	8	n4np	figs-parallelism		0	in their sight … before their eyes	These phrases mean the same thing because “eyes” refers to sight. Wicked people get to watch their descendants grow strong and wealthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	21	9	e8z5	figs-metonymy		0	Their houses	Here “houses” refers to the family members that lives in them. Alternate translation: “Their families” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	21	9	u9sb	figs-metonymy		0	rod of God	This refers to God’s punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	21	10	v7y4			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking to his friends.
JOB	21	10	za7c			0	does not lose her calf prematurely	Alternate translation: “she does not miscarry” or “her calf is born healthy and strong”
JOB	21	11	f9ae	figs-simile		0	little ones like a flock	Job compares these children to lambs to emphasize that they run, play, and are happy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	21	12	w5nf	translate-unknown		0	tambourine	a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JOB	21	13	elg8			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking with his friends.
JOB	21	13	s7tf			0	their days	Alternate translation: “their lifetime”
JOB	21	13	bx7u	figs-euphemism		0	they go down quietly to Sheol	This is a polite way of saying that they die. Alternate translation: “they die peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOB	21	14	fm9x			0	your ways	This refers to how God wants people to behave.
JOB	21	15	k5g5	figs-rquestion		0	What is the Almighty, that we should worship him? What advantage would we get if we prayed to him?	The wicked people use these questions to mock God. Alternate translation: “We do not believe that this Almighty God is worthy of our worship. He can do nothing for us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	21	16	ke4m			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking to his friends.
JOB	21	16	t984	figs-metonymy		0	See, is not their prosperity in their own hands?	Here “hands” refers to their power or control. Job uses this question to challenge his friends. Alternate translation: “Look, these wicked people claim that they make themselves prosper!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	21	17	d4mw	figs-rquestion		0	How often is it … their calamity comes upon them?	Job uses this question to emphasize that it seems to him that God does not punish the wicked very often. Alternate translation: “It is not often … their calamity comes upon them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	21	17	c9nn	figs-metaphor		0	the lamp of wicked people is put out	Job compares extinguishing the lamp to a person dying. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that God causes them to die suddenly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	21	17	g7cl	figs-metaphor		0	the lamp of wicked people	Job compares the life of the wicked to a lamp that is burning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	21	17	bmg2	figs-rquestion		0	How often does it happen … in his anger?	Job uses this second question to emphasize that it seems to him that God does not punish the wicked very often. Alternate translation: “It is not often … in his anger.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	21	18	lhr9	figs-rquestion		0	How often is it … the storm carries away?	Job uses this third question to emphasize that it seems to him that God does not punish the wicked very often. Alternate translation: “It is not often … the storm carries away.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	21	18	a6g9	figs-simile		0	they become like stubble before the wind or like chaff that the storm carries away	The death of the wicked is spoken of as if they were worthless less chaff and stubble that blows away. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God takes them away like the wind blows away the chaff” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	21	19	sac1			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking to his friends.
JOB	21	19	gwj5			0	You say	These words are added by most versions in order to make it clear that the Job is quoting his friends in the next statement.
JOB	21	19	ev9v	figs-metaphor		0	God lays up one’s guilt for his children to pay	Guilt is spoken of as something that can be stored for later use. Here “to pay” refers to punishment for sin. Alternate translation: “God keeps a record of a person’s sins, then he punishes the person’s children for his wicked deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	21	19	iyl4	figs-explicit		0	Let him pay it himself,…know his guilt	Job now begins to state his own opinion. It may be helpful to state this explicitly using an indirect quotation. “But I say that he should pay it himself,…know his guilt’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	21	20	j2ut	figs-synecdoche		0	Let his eyes see	Here “eyes” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “Let him see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	21	20	wq4y	figs-metaphor		0	let him drink of the wrath of the Almighty	Here the wrath of God is spoken of as if it were a drink that a person can taste, and tasting is a metonym for experiencing the drink. Job wants the wicked person to experience God’s punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	21	21	vtu2	figs-rquestion		0	For what does he care about his family after him when the number of his months is cut off?	Job uses this question to show that punishing the evil man’s children is not effective. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “For the wicked man does not care what happens to his family after he has died!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	21	21	rky2	figs-euphemism		0	the number of his months is cut off	This is a polite way of saying that he dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOB	21	21	m58j			0	the number of his months	This refers to the length of his life.
JOB	21	22	yte9			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking to his friends.
JOB	21	22	ail2	figs-rquestion		0	Can anyone teach God knowledge since he judges even those who are high?	Job asks this question to emphasize that God knows everything. Alternate translation: “Obviously, no one can teach anything to God since he even judges those in heaven.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	21	22	x9p8			0	those who are high	This could mean: (1) “those who are in heaven” or (2) “powerful people.”
JOB	21	23	krv3	figs-explicit		0	One man dies in his full strength	Job contrasts this man who dies in health and peace to the man who dies in sorrow and pain in [Job 21:25](../21/25.md). You can make this explicit. Alternate translation: “If there are two men, one may die in his full strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	21	24	mli3	figs-parallelism		0	His body is full of milk … the marrow of his bones is moist	Both of these phrases mean that the person is very healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	21	24	sa7q	figs-idiom		0	His body is full of milk	The word for “milk” may mean “fat.” Either rendering means he is well-fed. Alternate translation: “His body if full of fat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	21	24	uug7	figs-idiom		0	the marrow of his bones is moist	This idiom means his body is youthful and healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	21	25	k7cw			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking to his friends.
JOB	21	25	s5ge			0	Another man dies	Job contrasts this man to the man who dies in peace in [Job 21:23](../21/23.md).
JOB	21	25	m7zq	figs-metaphor		0	in bitterness of soul	Here sorrow is spoken of as if it tasted bitter, and “soul” refers to the whole man. Alternate translation: “with anger and resentment” or “after living a sad life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	21	25	xpm3			0	has never experienced anything good	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “has experienced only bad things”
JOB	21	26	fc95	figs-euphemism		0	They lie down alike in the dust	This is a polite way to say that they died. Alternate translation: “They both die and people bury them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOB	21	26	tyf2	figs-explicit		0	the worms cover them both	Worms are associated with decay of dead bodies. Alternate translation: “the worms in the dirt eat their dead bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	21	27	veu9			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking to his friends.
JOB	21	27	jy5r			0	See	Job uses this phrase to call attention to the statement that follows. Alternate translation: “Listen”
JOB	21	28	n1y2	figs-rquestion		0	Where now is the house of the prince? Where is the tent in which the wicked man once lived?	Job believes his friends will ask these question to scold him. Both questions mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “See, the house of the evil ruler is gone. The tent of the wicked man has disappeared.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	21	29	czd4			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking to his friends.
JOB	21	29	asa9	figs-rquestion		0	Have you never asked traveling people?	Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends for not learning from people who travel. Alternate translation: “You should listen to those who have traveled to distant places.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	21	30	q7hn			0	Connecting Statement:	Job finishes asking a rhetorical question that begins with the words “Do you not know” in verse 29.
JOB	21	30	x25q	figs-rquestion		0	the wicked man is kept … from the day of wrath?	Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends for not learning from people who travel. “Those who have traveled to distant places will tell you … from the day of wrath.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	21	30	wy2e	figs-activepassive		0	the wicked man is kept from the day of calamity … he is led away from the day of wrath	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God keeps the wicked man from the day of calamity … God leads him away from the day of wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	21	31	ri98			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking to his friends.
JOB	21	31	b6yh	figs-rquestion		0	Who will condemn the wicked man’s way to his face?	Job uses this question to contradict his friends’ belief that the wicked are always judged. Alternate translation: “No one condemns the wicked man to his face.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	21	31	wlf1	figs-idiom		0	to his face	This means no one will go directly to the wicked person and condemn him personally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	21	31	wn61	figs-rquestion		0	Who will repay him for what he has done?	Job uses this question to contradict his friends’ belief that the wicked are always judged. Alternate translation: “No one repays him for the bad things that he has done.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	21	32	g68a	figs-activepassive		0	he will be borne	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will carry him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	21	33	eqt1	figs-synecdoche		0	The clods of the valley will be sweet to him	Job imagines that the dead person will even enjoy the dirt that is put on him. This means the wicked person will even have a good death and a nice burial after a fulfilling life. “Clods” refer to the earth that covers the grave. Alternate translation: “He will enjoy being covered with the dirt of the valley” or “He will enjoy being buried in the dirt of the valley” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	21	33	p9wd	figs-hypo		0	all people will follow after him, as there were innumerable people before him	Job emphasizes that a large crowd of people will be in the funeral procession of this imaginary wicked man to honor him. Alternate translation: “a huge number of people go to the grave site; some go in front of the procession and some come behind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB	21	34	aa8a			0	Connecting Statement:	This concludes Job’s speech to his friends.
JOB	21	34	j6yy	figs-rquestion		0	How then do you comfort me with nonsense, since in your answers there is nothing but falsehood?	Job uses a question to scold his friends. Alternate translation: “You cannot comfort me with nonsense. All of your answers are false.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	22	intro	m13v			0		# Job 22 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job’s friend, Eliphaz. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Repentance<br>Eliphaz tries to get Job to repent in this chapter. Eliphaz assumes that he is righteous, while assuming Job is not. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	22	1	cea8	translate-names		0	Eliphaz the Temanite	See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB	22	2	r9kd	figs-parallelism		0	Can a man be useful to God? Can a wise man be useful to him?	Both questions mean basically the same thing. Eliphaz uses questions to emphasize that a person’s actions and wisdom do not benefit God. Alternate translation: “A man cannot be useful to God. A wise man cannot be useful to him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	22	3	h3pe	figs-parallelism		0	Is it any pleasure to the Almighty if you are righteous? Is it gain to him if you make your ways blameless?	Both of these statements mean the same thing. Eliphaz uses questions to emphasize that Job’s actions do not help God. Alternate translation: “The Almighty does not receive any pleasure if you are righteous. He does not gain anything if you make your ways blameless.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	22	4	g1nn			0	Connecting Statement:	Eliphaz continues speaking to Job.
JOB	22	4	s9qh	figs-rquestion		0	Is it because of your reverence for him that he rebukes you and takes you to judgment?	Eliphaz uses questions to scold Job and accuse him of committing terrible sins. Alternate translation: “It is certainly not because you have been devoted to him that God rebukes you and takes you to judgment!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	22	5	zd3w	figs-rquestion		0	Is not your wickedness great? Is there no end to your iniquities?	Eliphaz uses questions to scold Job and accuse him of committing terrible sins. Alternate translation: “As you know, he judges you because your wickedness is great and you keep on sinning!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	22	6	z1dn			0	Connecting Statement:	Eliphaz continues speaking to Job.
JOB	22	6	hip2			0	you have demanded guarantee of a loan	This refers to a lender taking something from the borrower to ensure that the borrower pays him back.
JOB	22	6	qq5g			0	you have stripped away clothing from the naked	Eliphaz is accusing Job of taking clothes as security from poor people who borrowed from him.
JOB	22	7	q9nb	figs-synecdoche		0	withheld bread	Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “withheld food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	22	8	dj3n	figs-parallelism		0	possessed the earth … lived in it	Eliphaz is accusing Job of taking land from poor people and not allowing them to live on it. He is emphasizing this point by restating it twice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	22	8	gry9	figs-hyperbole		0	possessed the earth	Eliphaz is exaggerating the amount of land that Job owned in order to portray Job as greedy. Alternate translation: “possessed a great amount of land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOB	22	9	ti2j			0	Connecting Statement:	Eliphaz continues speaking to Job.
JOB	22	9	u5gg			0	You have sent widows away empty	Alternate translation: “You made widows go away with nothing”
JOB	22	9	kyr7			0	widows	women whose husbands have died
JOB	22	9	pdd7	figs-metonymy		0	the arms of the fatherless have been broken	Here “arms” refer to power. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you even oppressed orphans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	22	10	wdg6	figs-metaphor		0	snares are all around you … sudden fear troubles you	These are metaphors for trouble and danger. Alternate translation: “you are always in danger … you become afraid for no reason” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	22	11	kz5f	figs-metaphor		0	There is darkness … an abundance of waters covers you	Each of these metaphors means troubles and dangers are all around Job because of his sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	22	11	a6pa			0	an abundance of waters	Alternate translation: “a flood”
JOB	22	12	n1zi			0	Connecting Statement:	Eliphaz continues speaking to Job.
JOB	22	12	st8p	figs-rquestion		0	Is not God in the heights of heaven?	Eliphaz uses this question to say that God sees Job’s sin and will judge him. Alternate translation: “God is in the heights of heaven and sees everything that happens on earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	22	12	rtk3	figs-explicit		0	Look at the height of the stars, how high they are!	Eliphaz implies that God is higher than the stars. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Look at how high the stars are. God is even higher than the stars!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	22	13	y6zh	figs-rquestion		0	What does God know? Can he judge through the thick darkness?	Eliphaz uses these questions to imply that Job has said these things against God. Alternate translation: “God does not know what happens on earth. He sits in dark clouds and cannot see to judge us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	22	14	x5ap	figs-explicit		0	he walks on the vault of heaven	Here “vault” refers to the barrier that ancient people believed separated the earth from heaven. Alternate translation: “he lives too far away in heaven to see what happens here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	22	15	cvp4			0	Connecting Statement:	Eliphaz continues speaking to Job.
JOB	22	16	iid8	figs-metaphor		0	those who were snatched away	Dying is compared to God snatching them away. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those who died” or “those whom God took away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	22	16	lc5k	figs-simile		0	those whose foundations have washed away like a river	The death of wicked people is compared to buildings that had their foundations washed away by a flood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	22	17	q2mt	figs-rquestion		0	What can the Almighty do to us?	Eliphaz quotes a question wicked people use to mock God. Alternate translation: “The Almighty cannot do anything to us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	22	18	nr68			0	Connecting Statement:	Eliphaz continues speaking to Job.
JOB	22	18	jh2r			0	Yet he filled	Alternate translation: “Yet God filled”
JOB	22	18	l57x	figs-idiom		0	the plans of wicked people are far from me	The idiom “far from me” means Eliphaz rejects them. Alternate translation: “but I will not listen to their wicked plans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	22	19	ku9s			0	see their fate	Alternate translation: “know what will happen to the wicked”
JOB	22	19	q2jl			0	laugh them to scorn	Alternate translation: “mock the wicked people”
JOB	22	20	j4fq			0	They say	Alternate translation: “The righteous say”
JOB	22	20	jwg8	figs-activepassive		0	Surely those who rose up against us are cut off	Here “those who rose up” refers to the wicked people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Surely God has destroyed the wicked people who harmed us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	22	21	z6jk			0	Connecting Statement:	Eliphaz continues speaking to Job.
JOB	22	21	aj2c			0	Now	Eliphaz uses this word to introduce something important he is about to say.
JOB	22	22	ll7g	figs-metonymy		0	instruction from his mouth	Here “from his mouth” represents what God has spoken. Alternate translation: “the instruction that God has spoken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	22	22	dp7d	figs-idiom		0	store up his words	God’s words are compared to treasures that Job could keep in a storeroom. Alternate translation: “treasure his commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	22	22	y867	figs-metonymy		0	your heart	Here “heart” refers to Job’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “your mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	22	23	x1jk			0	Connecting Statement:	Eliphaz continues speaking to Job.
JOB	22	23	mz1i	figs-metaphor		0	you will be built up	Eliphaz compares Job’s restoration to the rebuilding of a house that has fallen. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will heal you and make you prosper again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	22	23	kbt1	figs-metaphor		0	if you put unrighteousness far away from your tents	Unrighteousness is pictured as a person who is living in Job’s tent who must be removed. Alternate translation: “if you and everyone in your house stops sinning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	22	24	u6qk	figs-idiom		0	Lay your treasure down in the dust	To lay a treasure in the dust is to treat it as unimportant. Alternate translation: “Consider your riches as unimportant as dust” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	22	24	m1gk	figs-idiom		0	the gold of Ophir among the stones of the brooks	To put gold in the stream is to treat it as no more valuable than stones. Alternate translation: “the gold of Ophir is as worthless as stones in a stream” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	22	24	g8dq	translate-names		0	Ophir	This is the name of a region famous for its gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB	22	25	wg73	figs-metaphor		0	the Almighty will be your treasure, precious silver to you	This means God will be more valuable to Job than any treasure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	22	26	wd8v			0	Connecting Statement:	Eliphaz continues speaking to Job.
JOB	22	26	l352	figs-idiom		0	you will lift up your face to God	This means Job will no longer be ashamed but will trust in God. Alternate translation: “you will be able to approach God confidently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	22	28	ldp9	figs-activepassive		0	it will be confirmed for you	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will cause you to succeed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	22	28	k1nu	figs-metaphor		0	light will shine on your paths	God’s blessing is compared to a light on all of Job’s paths. Alternate translation: “it will be like a light shining on the road in front of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	22	29	yck5			0	Connecting Statement:	This concludes Eliphaz’s speech to Job.
JOB	22	29	xgw4	figs-idiom		0	the one with lowered eyes	Here “lowered eyes” refers to humility. Alternate translation: “the humble person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	22	30	f84n	figs-metaphor		0	He will rescue even the man who is not innocent; who will be rescued through the cleanness of your hands	Job being innocent is spoken of as if his hands were physically clean. The phrase “who will be rescued” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will rescue even the person who is not innocent because you do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	22	30	wrz4			0	He will rescue even the man who is not innocent; who will be rescued through the cleanness of your hands	Some versions of the Bible read, “He rescues the innocent person; so he will rescue you when your hands are clean”
JOB	23	intro	fb42			0		# Job 23 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Eliphaz.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Court<br>This chapter uses an extended metaphor of a court case to describe Job’s “case,” which he seeks to bring to Yahweh, who is a judge. Cultures without a legal system will have difficulty translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	23	2	fi9s			0	Even today my complaint is bitter	Here “Even today” emphasizes that his friends arguments have not changed Job’s situation at all. Alternate translation: “In spite of what you have said, my complaint is still bitter”
JOB	23	2	ke1p	figs-idiom		0	my complaint is bitter	Job speaks of his unanswered complaint against God as if it was a bitter taste in his mouth. Alternate translation: “my unanswered complaint is as bad as bitter food in my mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	23	2	cm2j	figs-metonymy		0	my hand … heavy because of my groaning	This could mean: (1) “I can barely lift my hand because of my groaning” or (2) “God’s hand continues to make me suffer in spite of my groaning” where “hand” refers to God’s power to punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	23	3	k3e2			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking.
JOB	23	3	pn2b	figs-parallelism		0	Oh, that I knew where … Oh, that I might come	These two lines mean the same thing and emphasize Job’s desire to meet with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	23	3	rpr9			0	I might find him	Alternate translation: “I might find God”
JOB	23	4	u14t	figs-parallelism		0	lay my case … fill my mouth	These two lines mean the same thing and emphasize Job’s desire to explain his situation to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	23	4	vtm3	figs-metonymy		0	fill my mouth with arguments	Here “fill my mouth” refers to speaking. Alternate translation: “I would speak all of my arguments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	23	5	jln8	figs-parallelism		0	I would learn the words … would understand	These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize Job’s desire to hear God’s answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	23	5	s5td			0	the words with which he would answer me	Alternate translation: “the answer that he would give me”
JOB	23	6	p72s			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking.
JOB	23	6	tw6n			0	Would he	Alternate translation: “Would God”
JOB	23	7	lx63			0	There	This refers to the place where God is.
JOB	23	7	aw1l	figs-activepassive		0	I would be acquitted forever by my judge	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my judge would acquit me forever” or “God, who is my judge, would say that I am innocent once and for all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	23	8	tfb8	figs-merism		0		Job continues speaking. He begins using a merism to say that he has looked everywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JOB	23	9	ja9l	figs-merism		0	north … south	This is the end of the merism that begins with the words “eastward … westward” in verse 8. By mentioning these four directions, Job emphasizes that he has looked everywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JOB	23	9	br9j			0	where he hides himself	Job speaks of God as if he is a person who hides.
JOB	23	10	x7cb			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking.
JOB	23	10	lq4v	figs-metaphor		0	he knows the way that I take	Job’s actions are spoken of as if he is walking on a path. Alternate translation: “God knows what I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	23	10	v4c5	figs-simile		0	I will come out like gold	Job believes that the test will prove that he is as pure as refined gold. Alternate translation: “he will see that I am as pure as gold when anything not pure has been burned away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	23	11	w13v	figs-synecdoche		0	My foot has held fast to his steps	Here “My foot” refers to Job. Alternate translation: “I have followed the path he has shown me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	23	11	xw5w	figs-metaphor		0	I have kept to his way	Job’s obedience is spoken of as if he is walking in a path that God showed him. Alternate translation: “I have done what he told me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	23	11	gk1e			0	turned not aside	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “followed it exactly”
JOB	23	12	fg26			0	I have not gone back from	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I have always obeyed”
JOB	23	12	m22y	figs-metonymy		0	of his lips	This phrase refers to the message that God spoke. Alternate translation: “that he spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	23	12	tcz4	figs-synecdoche		0	the words of his mouth	Here God is represented by his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “what he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	23	13	xe4e			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking.
JOB	23	13	l1d5	figs-rquestion		0	But he is one of a kind, who can turn him back?	Job uses this question to emphasize that there is no one like God and no one can force him to change. Alternate translation: “But there is no one like him, and nobody can make him change his mind.” or “But he alone is God, and no one can influence him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	23	13	if99			0	What he desires, he does	Alternate translation: “He does whatever he wants to do”
JOB	23	14	g641			0	he carries out his decree against me	Alternate translation: “he is doing to me what he said he would do”
JOB	23	14	i8u2			0	there are many like them	Alternate translation: “he has many similar plans for me”
JOB	23	15	n27i	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Each of these verses has the form of a parallelism to emphasize the main point Job makes there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	23	15	sw44			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking.
JOB	23	16	p6ma	figs-parallelism		0	For God has made my heart weak; the Almighty has terrified me	These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Job is very afraid of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	23	16	d4fw	figs-idiom		0	made my heart weak	A person whose heart is weak is a person who is timid or fearful. Alternate translation: “made me afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	23	17	dng4	figs-explicit		0	I have not been brought to an end by darkness	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) “The thick darkness in front of me has not made me silent” or (2) “Darkness has not stopped me” or “God has stopped me, not the darkness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	23	17	qpa8	figs-synecdoche		0	the gloom of my face	Here Job refers to himself by his “face.” Alternate translation: “my sadness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	24	intro	e2gb			0		# Job 24 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Eliphaz. It is a continuation of the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Court<br>This chapter uses an extended metaphor of a court case to describe Job’s “case,” which he seeks to bring to Yahweh, who is a judge. Cultures without a legal system will have difficulty translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	24	1	mg7h			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking.
JOB	24	1	thc8	figs-rquestion		0	Why are times for judging wicked people not set by the Almighty?	Job uses this question to express his frustration that God has not judged evil. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I do not understand why God does not set a time when he will judge wicked people.” or “The Almighty should set a time when he will judge wicked people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	24	1	ej3y	figs-rquestion		0	Why do not those who are faithful to God see his days of judgment come?	Job uses this question to express his frustration that the righteous have not seen God judge evil. Alternate translation: “It seems that those who obey him never get to see him judge the wicked.” or “God should show the day he will judge the wicked to those who know him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	24	2	h88w			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking.
JOB	24	2	pse5			0	boundary markers	These are stones or other objects to mark the boundary between the lands owned by different people.
JOB	24	2	mn98			0	pastures	land with grass for animals to eat
JOB	24	3	fml5			0	They drive away	Alternate translation: “They steal”
JOB	24	3	y9i2			0	those without fathers	Alternate translation: “orphans” or “children whose parents have died”
JOB	24	3	m884			0	they take the widow’s ox as security	Alternate translation: “they take widows’ oxen to guarantee that the widows will pay back the money that they loaned to those widows”
JOB	24	3	e6wc			0	widow	a woman whose husband has died
JOB	24	3	uu5w			0	as security	A lender would take something from a borrower to ensure that the borrower pays him back.
JOB	24	4	lzi7			0	out of their path	Alternate translation: “out of their way” or “off the road”
JOB	24	4	r5d2	figs-hyperbole		0	poor people of the earth all hide themselves	The word “all” is an exaggeration to show that many poor people are afraid of these wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOB	24	5	d79k			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking.
JOB	24	5	m813	figs-simile		0	these poor people go out to their work like wild donkeys in the wilderness, looking carefully for food	These poor people are spoken of as if they are wild donkeys who do not know where they will find food. Alternate translation: “these poor people go out to search for food as if they were wild donkeys in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	24	5	yaj6			0	wild donkeys	Alternate translation: “donkeys that no one owns or cares for”
JOB	24	6	j8dx	figs-parallelism		0	Poor people reap in the night … they glean grapes	These two lines describe the same thing and are used together to emphasize that these people are so hungry that they are forced to steal food at night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	24	7	u7w8	figs-parallelism		0	They lie naked … they have no covering	These two lines describe the same thing and are used together to emphasize that these people do not have enough clothing to keep warm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	24	8	a2gx			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking.
JOB	24	8	j5eb			0	They are wet with the showers of the mountains	Alternate translation: “They become wet when it rains in the mountains”
JOB	24	9	t1ki	figs-synecdoche		0	orphans from their mothers’ breast	Here “breast” refers to the mother. This implies that these orphans are still very young. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “young orphans out of their mothers’ arms” or “fatherless infants from their mothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	24	9	ahj1			0	orphans	This generally refers to children without parents. Here, however, it is used for children who have mothers but do not have fathers.
JOB	24	9	ma3c			0	take children as security from poor people	Alternate translation: “take poor people’s children to guarantee that the poor people will pay back money that they borrowed from the wicked people”
JOB	24	9	yq41			0	as security	A lender would take something from a borrower to ensure that the borrower pays him back. See how you translated this in [Job 24:3](../24/03.md).
JOB	24	10	u922			0	go about	Alternate translation: “walk around”
JOB	24	10	eps1	figs-doublet		0	naked without clothing	The words “without clothing” mean the same thing as “naked.” Alternate translation: “completely naked” or “naked because they have no clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB	24	10	qj7x			0	they carry bundles of grain belonging to other people	This means their work will provide food for others but not for themselves.
JOB	24	11	fp3g			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking.
JOB	24	11	rks1			0	The poor people make oil	they squeezed olives in order to extract olive oil from them
JOB	24	11	mr4m	figs-synecdoche		0	within the walls of those wicked men	Here “walls” refers to the whole house. Alternate translation: “in the houses of those evil men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	24	11	z8b4	figs-explicit		0	they tread the wicked men’s winepresses	It may be helpful to state that they do this to produce juice to make wine. Alternate translation: “they tread on grapes to make juice for wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	24	11	a1m7			0	they themselves suffer thirst	Alternate translation: “they suffer from thirst” or “they are thirsty”
JOB	24	13	m581			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking.
JOB	24	13	dl4e	figs-metaphor		0	rebel against the light	Here, **light** could mean: (1) visible light or (2) spiritual light, which refers to God or living righteously. Alternate translation: “hate the daylight” or “do not want to do things openly” or “rebel against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	24	13	djk4	figs-metaphor		0	they know not its ways, nor do they stay in its paths	These two lines describe the same thing, and are used together to emphasize that they do not want to follow the ways of the light. Alternate translation: “they do not know how to live a moral life; they stay far away from living a righteous life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	24	14	u116	figs-doublet		0	poor and needy people	The words “poor” and “needy” refer to the same group of people and emphasize that these are people who are unable to help themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB	24	14	d2ft	figs-simile		0	he is like a thief	The murderer kills in secret just like a thief steals without anyone seeing what he does. Alternate translation: “he kills people secretly, just like a thief steals secretly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	24	15	jp3l			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking.
JOB	24	15	mza9	figs-synecdoche		0	the eye of the adulterer	Here “eye” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “the adulterer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	24	15	ymp3			0	for the twilight	Alternate translation: “for the sunset”
JOB	24	15	ewy1	figs-synecdoche		0	No eye will see me	Here “eye” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “No one will see me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	24	16	c35g	figs-explicit		0	wicked people dig into houses	They dig into the houses in order to steal from them. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “wicked people dig into houses to steal from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	24	16	k9sq			0	they shut themselves up	Alternate translation: “they hide inside”
JOB	24	17	g55x	figs-simile		0	For all of them, thick darkness is like the morning	The thick darkness is as comfortable for the wicked as light of the morning is for normal people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	24	17	y5ib			0	the terrors of thick darkness	Alternate translation: “the scary things that happen at night”
JOB	24	18	ay3v			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking.
JOB	24	18	f772	figs-simile		0	like foam on the surface of the waters	Foam lasts only a short time. This emphasizes how quickly God will cause the wicked to disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	24	18	lat6	figs-activepassive		0	their portion of the land is cursed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God curses the part of the land that they own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	24	19	b8g4	figs-simile		0	As drought and heat melt away … those who have sinned	Job says that sinners will disappear in Sheol in the same way as snow melts and disappears when it becomes warm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	24	19	u6db	figs-hendiadys		0	drought and heat	These two words describe essentially the same weather and are used together to describe it fully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
JOB	24	20	hnl6			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking.
JOB	24	20	dg9v	figs-synecdoche		0	The womb	This refers to the mother. Alternate translation: “The mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	24	20	ja3y	figs-idiom		0	the worm will feed sweetly on him	This means that he will die and worms will eat his body. Alternate translation: “the worm will enjoy eating his dead body” or “he will die and then his body will be eaten by worms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	24	20	auf1	figs-activepassive		0	he will be remembered no more	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will remember him anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	24	20	k6gl	figs-metaphor		0	wickedness will be broken like a tree	God’s destruction of the wicked man is describes as if he were cutting down a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will destroy the wicked as if he were a tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	24	21	ys4w	figs-metaphor		0	The wicked one devours	This metaphor emphasizes how ruthless the wicked man is. Alternate translation: “Just like a wild animal kills its prey, so the wicked person harms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	24	21	m9u5			0	the barren women who have not borne children	The people of that day considered that a woman who was barren was cursed by God. Therefore, this represents the most unfortunate women.
JOB	24	21	i5m9			0	widow	a woman whose husband has died
JOB	24	22	xl8g			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking.
JOB	24	22	ps1m			0	by his power	Alternate translation: “by using his power” or “because he is powerful”
JOB	24	22	x59s	figs-idiom		0	he rises up and does not strengthen them in life	Here “does not strengthen them in life” means God does not keep them alive. Alternate translation: “God rises up and does not give wicked people the strength to live” or “God rises up and causes them to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	24	23	qks3	figs-synecdoche		0	but his eyes are on their ways	Here “eyes” refers to God. Alternate translation: “but he is always watching what they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	24	24	yq9p			0	Connecting Statement:	This concludes Job’s speech.
JOB	24	24	b7v1	figs-activepassive		0	they will be brought low	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will bring them low” or “God will destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	24	24	j5za	translate-textvariants		0	they will be gathered up like all the others	Some translations are based on a different early text, which says “they wither and fade like weeds.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
JOB	24	24	ix1v	figs-activepassive		0	they will be gathered up like all the others	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. What “the others” refers to can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “God will gather them up as he gathered up the other wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	24	24	mqt2	figs-simile		0	they will be cut off like the tops of ears of grain	These wicked people will be cut off in the same way heads of grain are cut off during harvest. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will cut them off like a farmer cuts off the top of a stalk of grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	24	25	cfk7	figs-rquestion		0	If it is not so, who can prove me to be a liar; who can make my speech worth nothing?	Job uses this question to express the certainty of his argument. The implicit answer is: “no one.” Alternate translation: “This is true, and no one can prove that I am a liar; no one can prove me wrong.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	24	25	iy58			0	make my speech worth nothing	Alternate translation: “prove what I say is wrong”
JOB	25	intro	yz1x			0		# Job 25 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job’s friend, Bildad. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s holiness and man’s sin<br>Bildad describes the holiness of Yahweh and the universal nature of man’s sinfulness. While his points are accurate, they are not convincing for Job because he has been righteous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Bildad uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Bildad’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	25	1	vb52			0	Bildad the Shuhite	See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md).
JOB	25	2	cz5c	figs-abstractnouns		0	Dominion and fear are with him	Here “him” refers to God. The abstract nouns “dominion” and “fear” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “God rules over all and people should fear only him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	25	2	t8t1			0	he makes order in his high places of heaven	Alternate translation: “he makes peace in the high heaven”
JOB	25	3	agz7	figs-rquestion		0	Is there any end to the number of his armies?	Bildad uses this question to emphasize how great God is. The implicit answer is “no.” This refers to the armies of God’s angels. Alternate translation: “There is no end to the number of angels in his army.” or “His armies are so big that no one can count them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	25	3	tb5c	figs-rquestion		0	Upon whom does his light not shine?	Bildad uses this question to emphasize that God gives light to every person. Alternate translation: “There is no one upon whom his light does not shine.” or “God makes his light shine over everyone.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	25	4	gq9p			0	Connecting Statement:	Bildad continues speaking.
JOB	25	4	w2pf	figs-parallelism		0	How then can man … God? How can he who is born … him?	These two questions are used together to emphasize that it is impossible for a man to be good enough before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	25	4	v4y8	figs-rquestion		0	How then can man be righteous with God?	The implicit reaction is that he cannot. Alternate translation: “A man can never be righteous before God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	25	4	z1j1	figs-rquestion		0	How can he who is born … acceptable to him?	The implicit reaction is that he cannot. Alternate translation: “He who is born of a woman cannot be clean or acceptable to him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	25	4	kx6l	figs-idiom		0	he who is born of a woman	This idiom includes everyone. Alternate translation: “any person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	25	5	f8pe			0	See	The word “See” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed”
JOB	25	5	un12	figs-abstractnouns		0	the moon has no brightness to him	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **brightness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “the moon is not bright enough for God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	25	5	kt4v			0	the stars are not pure in his sight	Here “pure” means “perfect.” Alternate translation: “he does not think even the stars are perfect”
JOB	25	6	c7kh	figs-parallelism		0	How much less man … a son of man, who is a worm	These two lines say the same thing and are used together to emphasize that man is not perfect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	25	6	h6x7	figs-metaphor		0	who is a worm	Bildad states that human beings are as worthless as worms. Alternate translation: “who is as worthless as a worm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	25	6	l7b7	figs-metonymy		0	a son of man	This is another way of referring to a person. Alternate translation: “a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	26	intro	f665			0		# Job 26 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Bildad.<br><br>This chapter begins a section continuing through chapter 31.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s power<br>While Bildad describes Yahweh’s power as being so much greater than Job’s, Job understands the true extent of Yahweh’s power. It is not just over Job’s life, but over all of creation.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Sarcasm<br>Job uses sarcasm in this chapter. This is the use of irony to insult Bildad. (See: [Job 1-4](./01.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB	26	2	lud4	figs-irony		0	How you have helped one … the arm that has no strength	In these statements, Job is accusing Bildad. The word “one” refers to Job. And, the word “arm” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I am powerless and have no strength, but you act like you have helped me; but really, you have not helped me at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	26	3	s1r5	figs-irony		0	How you have advised one who has no wisdom and announced to him sound knowledge	Job is saying that Bildad has not provided him with good advice and knowledge. Alternate translation: “You act like I have no wisdom and that you have advised me, that you have given me good advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB	26	3	y2kk			0	announced to him sound knowledge	Alternate translation: “given him good advice”
JOB	26	4	n9vj	figs-rquestion		0	With whose help have you spoken these words? Whose spirit was it … you?	In these questions Job continues to mock Bildad. They are both rhetorical questions and have basically the same meaning. They are used together to strengthen each other. Alternate translation: “You must have had help speaking these words. Perhaps some spirit helped you speak them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	26	5	c81a	figs-nominaladj		0	The dead	This refers to dead people. Alternate translation: “Those who are dead” or “The spirits of the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JOB	26	5	xqx7	figs-explicit		0	tremble	They tremble because they are afraid of God. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “tremble in fear” or “tremble in fear of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	26	5	hs8h			0	those who are beneath the waters	This refers to the dead people who tremble.
JOB	26	5	th6n			0	all who dwell in them	This refers to the dead people who dwell in the waters.
JOB	26	6	c8rl	figs-metaphor		0	Sheol is naked before God; destruction itself has no covering	Sheol is spoken of as if it were a person. These two phrases have the same meaning. To be “naked” or have “no covering” is to be completely exposed and not able to hide anything. Alternate translation: “It is like sheol is naked before God, for nothing in sheol, the place of destruction, is hidden from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	26	6	v85x			0	destruction	This is another name for sheol. Alternate translation: “the place of destruction”
JOB	26	7	ts32	figs-metaphor		0	He stretches out the northern skies over the empty space	The northern skies represent heaven, the place where God dwells with the beings he created to dwell there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	26	8	q4f6			0	He binds up the waters in his thick clouds	The clouds are compared to a large blanket in which God wraps the rainwater. Alternate translation: “He wraps up the water in his thick clouds”
JOB	26	8	sxg4	figs-activepassive		0	but the clouds are not torn under them	This can be stated actively. The word “them” refers to the waters. Alternate translation: “but the weight of the waters does not tear the clouds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	26	9	r35v			0	and spreads his clouds on it	This phrase tells how he covers the surface of the moon. Alternate translation: “by spreading his clouds in front of it”
JOB	26	10	l8k5			0	He has engraved a circular boundary on the surface of the waters	This speaks of the horizon, where the earth appears to meet the sky, as if God has marked a boundary on the ocean.
JOB	26	11	n3vz	figs-personification		0	The pillars of heaven tremble and are astonished at his rebuke	People thought of heaven or the sky as resting on pillars. Job speaks as though the pillars are humans that shake in fear when God is angry. Alternate translation: “The pillars that hold up heaven shake in fear when God rebukes them” or “The pillars that hold up the sky shake like people who are afraid when God rebukes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	26	12	f7hn			0	he shattered Rahab	Alternate translation: “he destroyed Rahab”
JOB	26	12	x7ti	translate-names		0	Rahab	This is the name of a frightening monster that lived in the sea. See how you translated this in [Job 9:13](../09/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB	26	13	c72v	figs-metaphor		0	By his breath he made the skies clear	The noun “breath” can be translated with the verb “breathe” or “blow.” This image represents God causing the wind to blow away the clouds. Alternate translation: “God blew away the clouds so that the skies were clear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	26	13	r5le	figs-explicit		0	his hand pierced the fleeing serpent	It is implied that God his holding a sword, and here “his hand” represents that sword. Also, “pierced” represents killing. Alternate translation: “With his sword he pierced the fleeing serpent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	26	13	c2jc			0	the fleeing serpent	“the serpent as it was trying to escape from him.” This refers to Rahab, the monster in the sea. See [Job 26:12](../26/12.md).
JOB	26	14	qb3u	figs-metaphor		0	See, these are but the fringes of his ways	Here “fringes” represents a small part that we can see of something that is much bigger. Alternate translation: “See, these things that God has done show only a small part of his great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	26	14	k819	figs-exclamations		0	how small a whisper do we hear of him!	This is an exclamation that expresses Job’s amazement of all the great things that God does that we do not even know about. Seeing what God does is spoken of as hearing God’s voice. Alternate translation: “it is as if we heard only his quiet whisper!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	26	14	b468	figs-rquestion		0	Who can understand the thunder of his power?	The “thunder of his power” represents God’s greatness. Job uses this question to emphasize that God’s power is so great that no one can understand it. Alternate translation: “The thunder displays the greatness of his power which no one can understand!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	27	intro	mkb5			0		# Job 27 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Bildad.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s righteousness<br>Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Instead, he recognizes Yahweh’s authority. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
JOB	27	2	vm9g			0	As surely as God lives	This phrase shows that Job is taking an oath. Job compares the certainty that God is alive to the certainty of what he is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “I swear by God”
JOB	27	2	zm2r	figs-metaphor		0	has taken away my justice	Justice is spoken of as if it were an object that could be taken away or given. Taking it away represents refusing to treat Job with justice. Alternate translation: “has refused to treat me justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	27	2	tp23	figs-metonymy		0	made my life bitter	Job’s “life” being bitter represents Job feeling resentful toward God. Alternate translation: “has caused me to become resentful” or “has made me feel angry because of the unfair way he has treated me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	27	3	m4bm			0	while my life is yet in me	This refers to the duration of the rest of his life. Alternate translation: “during the whole time that my life is yet in me” or “as long as my life is yet in me”
JOB	27	3	ny28	figs-abstractnouns		0	while my life is yet in me	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **life**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “alive” or the verb “live.” Alternate translation: “as long as I am still alive” or “while I still live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	27	3	xg5k	figs-metonymy		0	the breath from God is in my nostrils	“Breath … in my nostrils” represents being able to breathe. “Breath from God” represents God making him able to breathe. Alternate translation: “God enables me to breathe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	27	3	krx8			0	nostrils	Alternate translation: “nose”
JOB	27	4	xct5	figs-parallelism		0	My lips will not speak wickedness, neither will my tongue speak deceit	These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that he will not speak in such ways. The phrases “My lips” and “my tongue” represent Job himself. Alternate translation: “I will not speak wickedness or deceit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	27	4	vg54	figs-abstractnouns		0	speak wickedness … speak deceit	The abstract nouns “wickedness” and “deceit” can be expressed with “wickedly” and “deceitfully.” Alternate translation: “speak wickedly … speak deceitfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	27	5	tp64			0	I will never admit that you three are right	Alternate translation: “I will never agree with you and say that you three are right”
JOB	27	5	n6mb	figs-you		0	that you three are right	The word “you” here is plural. It refers to Job’s friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOB	27	5	uy2n			0	I will never deny my integrity	Alternate translation: “I will never say that I am not innocent” or “I will always say that I am innocent”
JOB	27	6	rv4l	figs-metaphor		0	I hold fast to my righteousness	Here “hold fast” is a metaphor that represents being determined to continue to say something. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you can express the same idea with “righteous.” Alternate translation: “I am determined to continue saying that I am righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	27	6	ccm5	figs-metaphor		0	will not let it go	Here “will not let it go” is a metaphor that represents not stopping saying something. Alternate translation: “will not stop saying that I am righteous” or “will not stop saying so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	27	6	ttu9	figs-metonymy		0	my thoughts will not reproach me	Here the phrase “my thoughts” represents Job. Alternate translation: “even in my thoughts, I will not reproach myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	27	7	x6mp	figs-parallelism		0	Let my enemy be … let him who rises up against me be	The two clauses that start with these words share the same meaning. They are used together to emphasize Job’s strong desire that this should happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	27	7	qkh5	figs-explicit		0	Let my enemy be like a wicked man	How he wants his enemy to be like a wicked person can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Let my enemy be punished like a wicked man” or “Let God punish my enemy as he punishes wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	27	7	yjq8	figs-explicit		0	let him who rises up against me be like an unrighteous man	How he wants this person to be like an unrighteous man can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “let him who rises up against me be punished like an unrighteous man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	27	7	cin4	figs-metaphor		0	him who rises up against me	Here “rises up against me” is a metaphor meaning “opposes me.” The whole phrase refers to Job’s adversary. Alternate translation: “him who opposes me” or “my adversary” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	27	8	m193	figs-rquestion		0	For what is the hope of a godless man when … when God takes away his life?	Job uses this question to say that such a man has no hope. This question can be translated as a simple statement. Alternate translation: “There is no hope for the godless when God … takes away his soul.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	27	8	ucr8	figs-parallelism		0	when God cuts him off, when God takes away his life	These two phrases have the same meaning. Alternate translation: “when God cuts him off and takes away his life” or “when God causes him to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	27	8	d94d	figs-metaphor		0	cuts him off	This is a metaphor meaning “kills him” or “causes him to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	27	8	twt1	figs-metaphor		0	takes away his life	This is a metaphor meaning “kills him” or “makes him stop living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	27	9	jh1p	figs-rquestion		0	Will God hear his cry when trouble comes upon him?	Job uses this question to say that God will not help that person. This question can be translated as a simple statement. Alternate translation: “God will not hear his cry when trouble comes upon him.” or “When trouble comes upon him and he cries out for help, God will not hear him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	27	9	a8tx	figs-metonymy		0	Will God hear his cry	Here “hear his cry” represents responding to the godless man’s cry and helping him. Alternate translation: “Will God respond to his cry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	27	10	kq3b	figs-rquestion		0	Will he delight himself in the Almighty and call upon God at all times?	Job uses this question to say that the godless man will not do these things. This question can be translated as a simple statement. Alternate translation: “He will not delight himself in the Almighty and call upon God at all times.” or “He will not be happy about what the Almighty does and he will not pray to God often.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	27	11	s3uq	figs-you		0	I will teach you	Each occurrence of “you” in these verses is plural and refers to Job’s three friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOB	27	11	fyx9	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of God	God’s “hand” represents his power. Alternate translation: “the power of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	27	11	re4m	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will not conceal the thoughts of the Almighty	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **thoughts**, you can express the same idea with the verb “think.” Alternate translation: I will not hide from you what the Almighty thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	27	12	pnx9	figs-rquestion		0	why then have you spoken all this nonsense?	Job uses this question to rebuke his friends for saying such foolish things. This question can be translated as a simple statement. Alternate translation: “you should not have spoken so foolishly!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	27	13	g6qh			0	This is the portion of a wicked man with God	Alternate translation: “This is what God has planned for the wicked man”
JOB	27	13	djh6	figs-metaphor		0	the heritage of the oppressor that he receives from the Almighty	Here “the heritage of the oppressor” is a metaphor representing what will happen to the oppressor. What God will do to him is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that God will give him. Alternate translation: “what the Almighty will do to the oppressor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	27	14	f7mj	figs-metonymy		0	it is for the sword	Here “the sword” represents dying in battle. Alternate translation: “they will die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	27	15	mbb8	figs-explicit		0	Those who survive him	This refers to the wicked man’s children. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Those who continue to live after their wicked father dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	27	15	dic8	figs-metonymy		0	will be buried by plague	Here “be buried” represents dying. Alternate translation: “will die by plague” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	27	15	p4u3			0	their widows … them	The words “their” and “them” refer to “Those who survive him,” that is, the children of the wicked man.
JOB	27	16	nm9m	figs-simile		0	heaps up silver like the dust	Here “heaps up” is a metonym meaning “gathers much.” Job speaks as if the silver were as easy to get as dust. Alternate translation: “gathers large piles of silver” or “gathers silver as easily as he could gather dust” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	27	16	bh15	figs-simile		0	heaps up clothing like clay	Here “heaps up” is a metonym meaning “gathers much.” Job speaks as if the clothing were as easy to get as clay. Alternate translation: “gathers large piles of clothing” or “gathers clothing as easily as he could gather clay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	27	18	l6yf	figs-ellipsis		0	He builds his house like a spider	After “spider,” the phrase “builds its web” is understood information. It can be made clear. Alternate translation: “He builds his house as a spider builds its web” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOB	27	18	q8ia	figs-simile		0	He builds his house like a spider	A spider web is fragile and easily destroyed. Alternate translation: “He builds his house as fragile as a spider builds its web” or “He builds his house as fragile as a spider’s web” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	27	18	inb4	figs-simile		0	like a hut	A hut is a temporary house that is also not very strong. Alternate translation: “like a temporary hut” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	27	19	la2p			0	He lies down in bed rich	“He is wealthy when he lies down in bed.” This refers to his lying down in bed at night and sleeping.
JOB	27	19	i6ex			0	but he will not keep doing so	Alternate translation: “but he will not keep lying down in bed rich” or “but he will not continue to be wealthy when he lies down in bed”
JOB	27	19	b9sa	figs-metonymy		0	he opens his eyes	Opening his eyes represents waking up in the morning. Alternate translation: “he wakes up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	27	19	x5lq			0	everything is gone	Alternate translation: “all of his riches are gone” or “everything has vanished”
JOB	27	20	ul69			0	Terrors overtake him	Here “overtake him” represents suddenly happening to him. Possible meanings are that **terrors** is a metonym for:: (1) things that cause people to be afraid. Alternate translation: “Terrifying things suddenly happen to him” or (2) fear. Alternate translation: “He suddenly becomes terrified”
JOB	27	20	zw56	figs-simile		0	like waters	The word “waters” refers to a flood. Floods can happen very suddenly when people do not expect them, and they are dangerous and frightening. Alternate translation: “like a flood” or “like waters that rise up suddenly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	27	20	l3kn			0	a storm takes him away	Alternate translation: “a violent wind blows him away”
JOB	27	21	l4at	figs-personification		0	it sweeps him out of his place	Job speaks of the wind blowing the wicked man out of his house as if the wind were a person sweeping dust out of a house with a broom. Alternate translation: “the wind sweeps him out of his place like a woman who sweeps dirt out of a house” or “the wind easily blows him out of his place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	27	21	i9ce			0	his place	Alternate translation: “his home”
JOB	27	22	wmn4	figs-personification		0	General Information:	In verses 22-23 Job speaks of the wind as if it were a person attacking the wicked person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	27	22	xs2l	figs-personification		0	It throws itself at him	Here the phrase “throws itself at him” represents the wind blowing strong against him like an attacker. Alternate translation: “It blows strong against him like someone attacking him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	27	22	fa8c	figs-personification		0	he tries to flee out of its hand	Here “hand” represents the power or control that the wind has over the wicked man. Alternate translation: “he tries to flee out of its control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	27	23	kvs2	translate-symaction		0	It claps its hands at him	Clapping the hands is a way of mocking someone. Here it represents the wind making loud noises. Alternate translation: “It makes loud noises like someone clapping his hands to mock him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	27	23	r28v	translate-symaction		0	hisses him from his place	The wind makes a noise as it blows him out of his place, and the noise is like the hissing sound that people make to mock someone. Alternate translation: “it makes a hissing noise as it causes him to leave his home” or “it blows him out of his place and makes a hissing noise like someone who hisses at him to mock him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	28	intro	i55c			0		# Job 28 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Bildad.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s wisdom<br><br>Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Instead, he recognizes Yahweh’s wisdom and authority. This chapter especially focuses on Yahweh’s wisdom as he controls the circumstances of Job’s life. Men cannot understand because they do not have Yahweh’s wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
JOB	28	1	fb4g			0	mine	This is a place where people dig rocks out of the earth. These rocks have metal in them.
JOB	28	1	zr9q			0	refine	This is the process of heating a metal to remove all of the impurities that are in it.
JOB	28	2	a9j8	figs-activepassive		0	Iron is taken out of the earth	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People take iron out of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	28	2	b12i	figs-activepassive		0	copper is smelted out of the stone	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people smelt copper out of the stone” or “people heat stone to melt copper out of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	28	2	rb24			0	copper	an important red-brown colored metal
JOB	28	2	uui9			0	smelted	This is a process of heating rocks to melt the metal in them in order to get the metal out of the rocks.
JOB	28	3	fm47	figs-metonymy		0	A man sets an end to darkness	Here “sets an end to darkness” represents shining a light in the darkness. People used a lantern or a torch for light. Alternate translation: “A man carries light into dark places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	28	3	l74r			0	to the farthest limit	Alternate translation: “to the farthest parts of the mine”
JOB	28	3	sce6	figs-doublet		0	obscurity … thick darkness	These two phrases are used together to emphasize that the mine is extremely dark. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB	28	4	kp1m			0	shaft	a deep narrow hole dug into the ground or rock. People go down into the hole to mine it.
JOB	28	4	hz3j	figs-personification		0	places that are forgotten by anyone’s foot	The foot is spoken of as if it is a person who can remember. Alternate translation: “places where people no longer walk” or “where no one ever walks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	28	4	yed2	figs-explicit		0	He hangs far away from people	How and where he hangs can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Far away from people, he hangs from a rope in the shaft” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	28	5	r3d3	figs-synecdoche		0	the earth, out of which comes bread	Here “bread” represents food in general. Food coming out of the ground is a metaphor for food growing out of the ground. Alternate translation: “the earth, where food grows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	28	5	p8vk			0	it is turned up below as if by fire	This could mean: (1) people made fires under the ground to break apart the rock. Alternate translation: “it is broken up below by the fires that the miners make” or (2) “turned” is a metaphor for changed. Alternate translation: “it is broken up below so much that it appears that it was destroyed by fire”
JOB	28	5	mha5			0	it is turned	The word “it” refers to the earth.
JOB	28	6	c4dw			0	Its stones … its dust	The word “its” refers to the earth.
JOB	28	6	lw93			0	sapphires	a rare and valuable blue gemstone
JOB	28	7	c71r	figs-parallelism		0	No bird of prey knows the path to it … nor has the falcon’s eye seen it	These clauses express a similar meaning. Alternate translation: “No bird of prey or falcon knows or has ever seen the path that goes to the mine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	28	7	u8np			0	bird of prey	a bird that eats other animals
JOB	28	7	ft9l			0	falcon	This may also be translated “hawk.” Both are birds that hunt and eat other animals. You may translate this with a similar bird from your culture.
JOB	28	8	ad94	figs-parallelism		0	The proud animals have not walked such a path … nor has the fierce lion passed there	These clauses also express similar meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	28	8	zce2			0	The proud animals	This refers to very strong, wild animals.
JOB	28	9	nh4p	figs-metonymy		0	lays his hand on the flinty rock	This represents breaking up the rock. Alternate translation: “digs into the flinty rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	28	9	d3ss			0	flinty rock	Alternate translation: “hard rock”
JOB	28	9	ng34	figs-hyperbole		0	he overturns mountains by their roots	Digging up the mountains and the ground underneath them is a metaphor from digging out weeds or trees, an exaggeration that represents digging minerals out of the ground. Alternate translation: “he turns the mountains upside down by pulling out their roots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	28	10	h31b	figs-synecdoche		0	his eye sees	Here “his eye” represents him. Alternate translation: “he sees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	28	11	ar22	figs-metaphor		0	He ties up the streams so they do not run	Here “ties up the streams” means damming or blocking the streams. Alternate translation: “He blocks the streams so they do not flow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	28	11	c3wt			0	what is hidden there	This refers to things that people normally do not see because they are in the ground or underwater.
JOB	28	12	n9fd	figs-metaphor		0	General Information:	In 28:12-28, wisdom and understanding are spoken of as if they were precious objects that are in some place and people want to find them. Finding wisdom and understanding represents becoming wise and learning to understand things well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	28	12	k2hz	figs-parallelism		0	Where will wisdom be found? Where is the place of understanding?	These questions mean the same thing and are used to show that it is very difficult to find wisdom and understanding. Alternate translation: “It is very difficult to find wisdom and understanding.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	28	12	bcr2	figs-metaphor		0	Where will wisdom be found? Where is the place of understanding	Becoming wise and understanding is spoken of as finding wisdom and understanding. Alternate translation: “How do people become wise? How do people learn to understand things well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	28	13	drv1	figs-metaphor		0	Man does not know its price	This could mean: (1) wisdom is spoken of as if it were something that people can buy. Alternate translation: “People do not know what it is worth” or (2) the word translated as “price” means “place.” Alternate translation: “People do not know where it is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	28	13	z9ip	figs-activepassive		0	neither is it found in the land of the living	“and it is not found in the land of the living.” The “land of the living” refers to this world where people live. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and no one can find wisdom in this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	28	14	xi4c	figs-personification		0	The deep waters … say, ‘It is not in me’; the sea says, ‘It is not with me.’	The deep waters and the sea are presented as if they are people that can speak. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is not in the deep waters under the earth, nor is it in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	28	15	h4ty	figs-explicit		0	It cannot be gotten for gold	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This implies that wisdom is worth much more than gold. Alternate translation: “People cannot pay for wisdom with gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	28	15	nff6	figs-explicit		0	neither can silver be weighed as its price	This implies that wisdom is worth much more than silver. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and people cannot weigh out enough silver to pay for wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	28	16	hg4i	figs-explicit		0	It cannot be valued with … sapphire	This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than the gold of Ophir, precious onyx and sapphire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	28	16	t2r7	translate-names		0	Ophir	This is the name of a land where there was fine gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB	28	16	ui38			0	onyx	a valuable black gemstone
JOB	28	16	na32			0	sapphire	a valuable blue gemstone
JOB	28	17	qp37			0	Gold and crystal cannot equal it in worth	This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than gold and crystal.
JOB	28	17	z7jx			0	crystal	a valuable gemstone that is clear or lightly colored
JOB	28	17	v4um			0	neither can it be exchanged for jewels of fine gold	“and it cannot be exchanged for jewels of fine gold.” This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than jewels of fine gold.
JOB	28	17	nid2			0	exchanged	Alternate translation: “traded”
JOB	28	18	hgr1	figs-explicit		0	No mention is worth making of coral or jasper	“It is not worth making mention of coral and jasper.” This implies that wisdom is worth so much more than coral and jasper that there is no need for Job to say anything about them. Alternate translation: “I will not bother to mention coral or jasper” or “Coral and jasper are worthless compared to wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	28	18	vgj8	translate-unknown		0	coral	This is a beautiful, hard substance that grows on ocean reefs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JOB	28	18	sqn7			0	jasper … rubies	These are valuable gemstones.
JOB	28	19	mwy7			0	The topaz of Cush does not equal it	This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than the finest topaz.
JOB	28	19	nxz5			0	topaz	This is a valuable gemstone.
JOB	28	19	ycn8			0	neither can it be valued in terms of pure gold	“and wisdom cannot be valued in terms of pure gold.” This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than pure gold.
JOB	28	20	jiu5	figs-rquestion		0	From where, then, comes wisdom? Where is the place of understanding?	Job uses these questions to introduce how people get wisdom and understanding. Alternate translation: “I will tell you where wisdom comes from and where understanding is.” or “I will tell you how to become wise and how to learn to understand things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	28	20	z82u	figs-metaphor		0	From where, then, comes wisdom	Wisdom is spoken of as if it were in a place and comes to people. Its coming represents people becoming wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	28	20	ghy4	figs-metaphor		0	Where is the place of understanding	Understanding is spoken of as if it were in a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	28	21	bj7x	figs-synecdoche		0	Wisdom is hidden from the eyes of all living things	This means that living things are unable to see wisdom. It can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “No living thing can see wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	28	21	j3u4	figs-activepassive		0	is kept hidden from the birds of the heavens	This means that the birds are unable to see wisdom. This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “even the birds that fly in the skies cannot see wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	28	22	y7e5	figs-personification		0	Destruction and Death say	Here “Destruction” and “Death” are spoken of as if they are living things who can speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	28	23	qlj3	figs-metaphor		0	God understands the way to it; he knows its place	Wisdom is spoken of as if it were in a certain place. Alternate translation: “God knows how to find wisdom. He knows where it is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	28	24	q6zd			0	the very ends of the earth	Alternate translation: “the farthest places on the earth”
JOB	28	25	l7lk	figs-metaphor		0	parceled out the waters by measure	This describes God deciding how much water should be in each place. Possible meanings are that this refers to deciding: (1) how much rain should be in each cloud or (2) how much water should be in each sea. Alternate translation: “decided how much water should be in each place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	28	26	qy1s			0	a path for the thunder	Alternate translation: “he decided how the thunder can be heard” or “he decided the path of the thunderstorm”
JOB	28	28	l4bu	figs-abstractnouns		0	See, the fear of the Lord—that is wisdom	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fear**, you can express the same idea with the verbs “fear” or “respect.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you can express the same idea with another word such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “Listen, if you fear the Lord, you will be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	28	28	m7dq	figs-metaphor		0	to depart from evil is understanding	Here “depart from evil” means refusing to do evil things. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you can express the same idea with the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “if you refuse to do evil, then you will understand many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	29	intro	eli2			0		# Job 29 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s statement, but now it is directly addressed to Yahweh.<br><br>In this chapter, Job recalls the days before Yahweh’s blessings were taken from him. This is only one part of Job’s argument that continues for the next 3 chapters.
JOB	29	2	h8k3	figs-exclamations		0	Oh, that I were as I was in the past months	Job uses this exclamation to express a wish. Alternate translation: “I wish that I were as I was in past months” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
JOB	29	3	n6gg	figs-metaphor		0	when his lamp shined on my head	God’s lamp shining on Job represents God blessing Job. Alternate translation: “when God’s blessing was like a lamp shining its light on my head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	29	3	z42n	figs-metaphor		0	when I walked through darkness by his light	Walking through darkness represents experiencing difficult situations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	29	4	bk56	figs-metaphor		0	in the ripeness of my days	Job speaks of when he was young and strong as if his days were the time when the harvest is ripe. Alternate translation: “when I was young and strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	29	4	d6y9	figs-abstractnouns		0	when the friendship of God was on my tent	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **friendship**, you can express the same idea with the noun “friend.” The word “tent” represents Job’s home. Alternate translation: “when God was my friend and protected my home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	29	6	xbc3	figs-hyperbole		0	when my way was covered with cream	“when my path was flowing with cream.” Job uses this exaggeration to express that he had many cows and they produced much more cream than he and his family needed. Alternate translation: “when my cows provided an abundance of cream” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOB	29	6	bt34	figs-hyperbole		0	and the rock poured out for me streams of oil	“and the rock poured out streams of oil for me.” Job uses this exaggeration to express that he had many olive vines and great amounts of olive oil. The rock is where his servants pressed the oil out of the olives. Alternate translation: “when my servants pressed out a great amount of olive oil” or “when oil flowed like streams from the pressing rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	29	7	tvt7			0	city square	This is an open area in a village or city where two or more streets meet.
JOB	29	8	e835	translate-symaction		0	rose and stood for me	This is a symbol of respect. It can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “rose and stood respectfully for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB	29	9	c8d6	translate-symaction		0	The princes used to refrain from talking when I came	This was a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB	29	9	v8ym	translate-symaction		0	they would lay their hand on their mouths	They did this to show that they would not speak. This was a sign of their respect for Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB	29	10	u1bb	figs-activepassive		0	The voices of the noblemen were hushed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The noblemen hushed their voices” or “The noblemen stopped speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	29	10	nm6j	figs-metonymy		0	their tongue clung to the roof of their mouths	This represents them having so much respect for Job that they had nothing to say. Alternate translation: “they felt that they were unable to speak” or “they had nothing to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	29	11	n94l	figs-synecdoche		0	after their ears heard me … after their eyes saw me	The ears represent those who heard him, and the eyes represent those who saw him. Alternate translation: “after they heard what I told them … after they saw me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	29	11	t3tu			0	they would then give witness to me and approve of me	Alternate translation: “they would witness approvingly of me”
JOB	29	12	ui1t	figs-genericnoun		0	I rescued the one who was poor when he cried out	Here “the one who was poor” refers to any poor person. Alternate translation: “I used to rescue poor people who cried out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
JOB	29	13	qs27	figs-metaphor		0	The blessing of him who was about to perish came on me	Someone’s blessing coming on another represents that person blessing another. Alternate translation: “He who was about to perish would bless me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	29	13	ii9w	figs-genericnoun		0	him who was about to perish	This represents anyone who was about to die. Alternate translation: “those who were about to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
JOB	29	13	v84a	figs-synecdoche		0	I caused the widow’s heart to sing for joy	Here “the widow’s heart” represents any widow. Alternate translation: “I caused widows to sing joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
JOB	29	14	r9i7	figs-metaphor		0	I put on righteousness, and it clothed me	People often spoke of righteousness as if it were clothing. Alternate translation: “I did what was righteous, and it was like clothing that I put on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	29	14	rc4i	figs-simile		0	my justice was like a robe and a turban	People often spoke of justice as if it were clothing. Alternate translation: “I did what was just, and it was like a robe and a turban on me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	29	14	qe3s			0	turban	a long cloth that men wrap around their heads and wear as a hat
JOB	29	15	z9qd	figs-metaphor		0	I was eyes to blind people	This represents helping blind people. Alternate translation: “I was like eyes for blind people” or “I guided blind people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	29	15	qwg2	figs-metaphor		0	I was feet to lame people	This represents helping blind people. Alternate translation: “I was like feet for lame people” or “I supported lame people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	29	16	dv24	figs-metaphor		0	I was a father to needy people	Here “I was a father” represents providing for people. Alternate translation: “I provided for needy people as a father provides for his children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	29	17	h48z			0	General Information:	In verses 18-20 Job tells about the things he used to say before bad things happened to him.
JOB	29	17	rxh7	figs-metaphor		0	I broke the jaws of … I plucked the victim	Job speaks of unrighteous people who persecute others as if they were wild animals that attack their victims by picking them up between their teeth. Alternate translation: “I made unrighteous people stop persecuting people, like someone who breaks the jaw of a wild animal and rescues its victim from between its teeth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	29	18	mx7p	figs-metaphor		0	I will die in my nest	Here “nest” represents Job’s home and family. Job used to speak as if he were a bird that lived in a nest with his baby birds. Alternate translation: “I will die at home with my family” or “I will die in the safety of my home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	29	18	ree7	figs-hyperbole		0	I will multiply my days like the grains of sand	There are more grains of sand on the shore than anyone can count. To say that he would live more days than anyone could count is an exaggeration to express that he would live a very long time. Alternate translation: “I will live a very long time” or “I will live many years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	29	19	f52q	figs-metaphor		0	My roots … my branches	Job used to speak of his strength as if he were strong like a well-watered tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	29	20	r1t1	figs-abstractnouns		0	The honor in me is always fresh	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **honor**, you can express the same idea with the verb “honor.” Here “fresh” represents the honor being constantly given. Alternate translation: “People constantly give me honor” or “People always honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	29	20	bz9x	figs-metaphor		0	the bow of my strength is always new in my hand	A new bow is very strong. Job’s bow of strength in his hand represents his physical strength. Alternate translation: “I am always strong like a new bow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	29	22	l3t7	figs-simile		0	my speech dropped like water on them	Here “dropped like water on them” represents refreshing the people who heard him. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **speech**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “speak” or “say.” Alternate translation: “my speech refreshed their hearts as drops of water refresh people’s bodies” or “what I said to them refreshed them like drops of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	29	23	g4bi	figs-simile		0	They always waited for me as they waited for rain	People waited for Job patiently and expected to hear good things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	29	23	dye5	figs-metaphor		0	they opened their mouth wide to drink in my words	This represents waiting eagerly for Job to speak in order to benefit from what said. Alternate translation: “they eagerly waited for me to speak in order to benefit from what I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	29	23	wd9h			0	as they would do for the latter rain	Alternate translation: “as farmers wait eagerly for the latter rain”
JOB	29	23	v5kv			0	the latter rain	This refers to the large amount of rain that falls just before the dry season.
JOB	29	24	vxz9	figs-explicit		0	I smiled on them	It can be stated clearly that the purpose of smiling was to encourage them. Alternate translation: “I smiled on them to encourage them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	29	24	b3dw	figs-metaphor		0	the light of my face	This represents the kindness they saw in Job’s face. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	29	25	nhm5	figs-metaphor		0	I selected their way	Here “selected their way” represents deciding what they should do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	29	25	gh9m	figs-metonymy		0	sat as their chief	Here “sat” represents ruling or leading. Chiefs sat down when they made important decisions. Alternate translation: “led them as their chief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	29	25	azd4	figs-metonymy		0	sat as their chief	Job was their chief. Alternate translation: “led them because I was their chief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	29	25	dv86	figs-simile		0	I lived like a king in his army	Job speaks of how he led the people and how they obeyed him as if he were a king and they were his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	29	25	nmq6	figs-explicit		0	like one who comforts mourners	This phrase means that Job actually was one who comforted people. Alternate translation: “I comforted them when they mourned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	30	intro	u96h			0		# Job 30 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s statement, but now it is directly addressed to Yahweh.<br><br>In this chapter, Job laments his current condition as others insult him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])
JOB	30	1	ghr9	figs-explicit		0	whose fathers I would have refused to allow to work beside the dogs of my flock	This shows how much he despised those fathers. They were not even good enough to be with his dogs. Alternate translation: “whose fathers I despised and would not have allowed to work beside the dogs of my flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	30	1	bw8l	figs-explicit		0	the dogs of my flock	The dogs’ relationship to the flock can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the dogs that guarded my flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	30	2	dkd7	figs-rquestion		0	Indeed, the strength of their fathers’ hands, how could it have helped me … perished?	Job uses this question to mock the weakness of those men. Alternate translation: “The strength of their fathers’ hands could not have helped me … perished.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	30	2	n58x	figs-metaphor		0	men in whom the strength of their mature age had perished	Their strength perishing is a metaphor that represents no longer being strong but weak. The phrase “mature age” refers to them being old. Alternate translation: “men who had become old and had no strength” or “men who had become old and weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	3	b5gi			0	They were thin from poverty and hunger	The word “They” refers to the fathers of the young mockers.
JOB	30	3	i6mn	figs-abstractnouns		0	They were thin from poverty and hunger	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you can express the same idea with another word such as “poor.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hunger**, you can express the same idea with the words “hungry” or “starving.” Alternate translation: “They were very thin because they were poor and starving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	30	3	j6n1	figs-metonymy		0	they gnawed at the dry ground	This could mean: (1) “dry ground” is a metonym for the dry roots that grow in the ground. Alternate translation: “they chewed on the dry roots they found in the ground” or (2) “gnawed at the dried ground” is a metonym for eating whatever they could find in the dry ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	30	4	dz4r			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues to talk about the fathers of the mockers.
JOB	30	4	lbt6			0	saltwort … bushes’ leaves … the roots of the broom tree	These are plants that people would eat only if they could find nothing better.
JOB	30	4	c9mn			0	the roots of the broom tree were their food	This could mean: (1) the people ate the roots of the broom tree or (2) the people warmed themselves by burning the roots of broom trees.
JOB	30	5	k9yz	figs-activepassive		0	They were driven out from among people who shouted after them as … a thief	The phrase “were driven out” means “were forced to leave.” These phrases can be reordered and stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people shouted after them as … a thief and forced them to leave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	30	5	lwr2			0	shouted after them as one would shout after a thief	Alternate translation: “shouted at them as though they were thieves”
JOB	30	7	f7j8			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues to talk about the fathers of the mockers.
JOB	30	7	kkv4	figs-simile		0	brayed like donkeys	Job speaks of the men crying out in hunger as if they were wild donkeys making a loud noise. Alternate translation: “cried out like wild donkeys because they were hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	30	7	dmg5			0	they gathered together under the nettles	“Nettles” are bushes with sharp thorns. This implies that they did not have a home.
JOB	30	8	i8tx	figs-metaphor		0	They were the sons of fools	Here “were the sons of fools” represents having the characteristics fools. Alternate translation: “They were like fools” or “they were fools” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	8	h66q	figs-metaphor		0	indeed, sons of nameless people	The word “indeed” shows that what follows strengthens the previous thought. Here “sons of nameless people” represents having the characteristics of nameless people. Alternate translation: “indeed, they were nameless people” or “indeed, they were worthless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	8	juk5	figs-metaphor		0	nameless people	Here being “nameless” represents having no honor or respect. It means that they are worthless. Alternate translation: “worthless people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	8	wl4w	figs-metonymy		0	They were driven out of the land with whips	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) the idea of whips implies that they were being treated like criminals. Alternate translation: “People treated them like criminals and forced them to leave the land” or (2) people actually used whips to force them out. Alternate translation: “People whipped them and forced them to leave the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	30	8	r31i			0	They were driven out of the land	Here “the land” refers to the land where they lived before they were forced to go out to the wilderness.
JOB	30	9	krm8			0	Connecting Statement:	Job speaks again about the people who were mocking him.
JOB	30	9	v6wt	figs-abstractnouns		0	But now I have become the subject of their taunting song	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **song**, you can express the same idea with the verb “sing.” Alternate translation: “But now they sing songs about me to taunt me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	30	9	u5hm	figs-metonymy		0	I have become a byword for them	Here “byword” is a metonym for the person about whom people make cruel jokes. Alternate translation: “I am now one whom they make cruel jokes about” or “They joke and say cruel things about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	30	10	sx1h	figs-litotes		0	they do not refrain from spitting in my face	This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “they even spit in my face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOB	30	11	r95h	figs-metaphor		0	God has unstrung the string to my bow	A bow that is unstrung is not useful. The phrase “has unstrung the string of my bow” is a metaphor for making Job powerless. Alternate translation: “God has taken away my power to defend myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	11	pll3			0	those who taunt me	Alternate translation: “those who mock me”
JOB	30	11	sq6d	figs-metaphor		0	cast off restraint before my face	A restraint keeps a person from moving freely and doing what he wants. Here “restraint” represents refraining from doing something, and “cast off restraint” represents not refraining from doing something. In this case the mockers did not refrain from being cruel to Job. Alternate translation: “do not refrain from being cruel to me” or “do whatever cruel things they want to do to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	30	12	u9wm	figs-metaphor		0	General Information:	Job speaks about the mockers treating him cruelly as if they were a mob and an army attacking him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	12	l5wg			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues to speak about the people who were mocking him.
JOB	30	12	z8g5	figs-metonymy		0	Upon my right hand rise the rabble	“the rabble rise upon my right hand.” This could mean: (1) rising upon Job’s right hand represents attacking his strength. Alternate translation: “Gangs of young people attack my strength” or (2) rising upon Job’s right hand represents attacking his honor. Alternate translation: “Mobs attack my honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	12	bxs3			0	they drive me away	Alternate translation: “they force me to run away”
JOB	30	12	tdu8	figs-metaphor		0	pile up against me their siege mounds	Armies would pile up mounds of dirt along a city’s wall in order to climb over the wall and attack the city. Job speaks of the mockers preparing to attack him as if they were doing that. Alternate translation: “prepare to attack me like an army that prepares to attack a city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	13	sv3y	figs-metaphor		0	They destroy my path	This represents keeping Job from escaping their attack. Alternate translation: “They prevent me from escaping from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	13	x9pd	figs-metaphor		0	they push forward disaster for me	Here “push forward disaster” represents trying to make disaster happen. Alternate translation: “they try to make disaster happen to me” or “they try to destroy me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	13	ayx7	figs-metaphor		0	men who have no one to hold them back	Here “hold them back” represents stopping them from doing something. Alternate translation: “men who have no one to stop them from attacking me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	14	su1s	figs-metaphor		0	General Information:	Job speaks about the mockers treating him cruelly as if they were an army attacking him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	14	p4jw			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues to speak about the people who were mocking him.
JOB	30	14	b1fx	figs-simile		0	They come against me like an army through a wide hole in a city wall	This represents attacking Job forcefully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	30	14	g1ji	figs-metaphor		0	they roll themselves in on me	This represents many coming to attack him at once, like giant ocean waves rolling in on him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	15	su3j	figs-metaphor		0	Terrors are turned upon me	This could mean: (1) Job has become terrified or (2) things are happening to Job that make him afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	15	y58l	figs-simile		0	my honor is driven away as if by the wind	Job speaks of suddenly having no honor as if the wind had blown it from him. Alternate translation: “Nobody honors me” or “I am now a person that people do not honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	30	15	qzd6	figs-simile		0	my prosperity passes away as a cloud	Job speaks of his prosperity ending as if it were a cloud that was blown away. Here “prosperity” may refer to well-being or safety. Alternate translation: “I no longer prosper at all” or “I am no longer safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	30	16	vq4c	figs-metaphor		0	Now my life is pouring out from within me	Job speaks as if his life were a liquid and his body were a container. He feels he is about to die. Alternate translation: “Now I am dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	16	yd79	figs-personification		0	many days of suffering have laid hold on me	Job speaks of his continuous suffering as if the days of suffering have grabbed hold of him. Alternate translation: “I suffer many days, and the suffering does not end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	30	17	s5h2	figs-metaphor		0	my bones in me are pierced	Job speaks of the pain in his bones as if his bones were being pierced. Alternate translation: “my bones ache terribly” or “I have sharp pain in my bones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	17	q849	figs-personification		0	the pains that gnaw at me take no rest	Job speaks of his constant pain as if it were alive and biting him and refuses to rest. Alternate translation: “the pains that cause me to suffer do not stop” or “I am in constant pain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	30	18	x296	figs-metonymy		0	God’s great force has seized my clothing	Job speaks of God using his force as if God’s force were actually doing something. Here “God’s … force” stands for “God.” Alternate translation: “God has seized my clothing by his great force” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	30	18	wpi4	figs-metaphor		0	God’s great force has seized my clothing	The image of God’s force seizing Job is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) it represents Job’s pain. Alternate translation: “My pain feels like God has grabbed my clothing tightly” or (2) it represents God’s causing Job’s many problems. Alternate translation: “It is as though by his great force God has grabbed me by my clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	18	tm94	figs-metaphor		0	it wraps around me like the collar of my tunic	The image of God’s force wrapping around Job is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) it represents Job’s pain. Alternate translation: “he wraps the collar of my tunic tightly around me” or (2) it represents God’s causing Job’s many problems. Alternate translation: “It is as though he grabs me by the collar of my tunic” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	19	aa4h	figs-metaphor		0	He has thrown me into the mud	Job says that God has humiliated him. Alternate translation: “It is as though he has thrown me in the mud” or “He has humiliated me, like a person thrown in the mud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	19	m43k	figs-simile		0	I have become like dust and ashes	This represents Job’s feeling of being worthless. Alternate translation: “I have become as worthless as dust and ashes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	30	21	k1ga			0	cruel	This word means unkind.
JOB	30	21	xk2h	figs-metonymy		0	with the strength of your hand you persecute me	The word “hand” represents God’s power. Alternate translation: “you persecute me with your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	30	22	v3bi			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking to God.
JOB	30	22	zy94	figs-metaphor		0	lift me up to the wind … throw me back and forth in a storm	These expressions represent the extreme suffering that God made Job endure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	22	h7x7			0	cause it to drive me along	Alternate translation: “cause the wind to push me along”
JOB	30	23	py4p	figs-metaphor		0	you will bring me to death	Here “bring me to death” represents causing Job to die. Alternate translation: “you will cause me to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	23	a3ym	figs-metaphor		0	the house appointed for all the living	Job speaks of the world of the dead as if it were a house to which God has appointed all living things to go. Alternate translation: “the world of the dead, to which everything that has ever lived goes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	23	nf6m			0	all the living	That is, all things now alive, but that will die one day.
JOB	30	24	ly2e			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking to God.
JOB	30	24	s7pp	figs-rquestion		0	does no one reach out with his hand to beg for help when he falls? Does no one in trouble call out for help?	Job uses these questions to justify himself for crying out to God for help. Alternate translation: “Everyone reaches out with his hand to beg for help when he falls. Everyone who is in trouble calls out for help.” or “I have fallen, and so God should not think I am doing wrong when I beg for his help. I am in trouble, so of course I call out for help!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	30	24	giv9	figs-rquestion		0	does no one reach out with his hand to beg for help when he falls? Does no one in trouble call out for help?	Some versions interpret these questions as Job complaining that God has reached out with his hand to harm Job when Job was in trouble and crying out for help. Alternate translation: “Surely no one would reach out with his hand against someone who falls and calls out for help.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	30	25	k5gw	figs-rquestion		0	Did not I weep … trouble? Did I not grieve … man?	Job uses these questions to remind God of how Job had done good to others. A: “You know that I wept … trouble, and I grieved … man!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	30	26	dxl4	figs-metaphor		0	When I hoped for good, then evil came	Looking for good represents hoping for good things, and evil coming represents evil things happening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	26	n1jn	figs-metaphor		0	I waited for light … darkness came	Here “light” represents God’s blessing and favor and “darkness” represents trouble and suffering. Alternate translation: “I waited for the light of God’s blessing, but instead I experienced the darkness of suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	27	r36u	figs-personification		0	My heart is troubled and does not rest	Job speaks of his heart as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “I am troubled in my heart and the feeling does not end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	30	27	u2gl	figs-metaphor		0	days of affliction have come on me	Days of affliction coming on Job represents Job experiencing affliction for many days. Alternate translation: “I experience affliction many days” or “I suffer every day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	28	i5gu	figs-metaphor		0	I have gone about	Here “have gone about” represents living. Alternate translation: “I have lived” or “I live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	28	fj2n	figs-metaphor		0	like one who was living in the dark, but not because of the sun	Here “living in the dark” is a metaphor that represents being extremely sad. The phrase “but not because of the sun” clarifies that “living in the dark” is a metaphor, that is, the darkness is not caused by the sun being hidden. Alternate translation: “like one who is terribly sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	29	f66b	figs-metaphor		0	a brother to jackals, a companion of ostriches	Being a brother to these animals is a metaphor for being like them. Alternate translation: “I am like jackals and ostriches that cry out in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	30	30	udu9	figs-synecdoche		0	my bones are burned with heat	Here “bones” refers to the whole body, which suffers from fever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	30	31	qj9s	figs-metonymy		0	my harp is tuned for songs of mourning	Here “my harp” represents Job himself, and also represents his desire to sing only songs of mourning. Alternate translation: “I play only songs of mourning on my harp” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	30	31	v1kr	figs-metonymy		0	my flute for the singing of those who wail	Here “my flute” represents Job himself, and also his desire to sing only songs of crying. Alternate translation: “I play only songs of wailing on my flute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	30	31	d2w2			0	wail	To wail is to cry very loudly because of terrible sadness or pain.
JOB	31	intro	leq9			0		# Job 31 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s statement and it is directly addressed to Yahweh.<br><br>In this chapter, Job presents his case to Yahweh that he is upright and not guilty of the sins he is being accused of. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
JOB	31	1	ka6e	figs-metaphor		0	I have made a covenant with my eyes	Job speaks of making a promise about what he would look at as though his eyes were a person and he made a covenant with them. Alternate translation: “I have made a firm promise about what I will look at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	31	1	af9x	figs-explicit		0	I have made a covenant with my eyes	What job promised can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I made a promise that I will not look lustfully on a virgin” or “I promised that I will not look lustfully on a virgin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	31	1	sxi9	figs-rquestion		0	how then should I look with desire on a virgin?	Job uses this question to emphasize that he would never break his promise. Alternate translation: “So I certainly will not look with lust at a virgin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	31	2	p7x8	figs-metaphor		0	For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high?	Job speaks of God’s response to people’s behavior as if it were the portion of an inheritance that God gives. Alternate translation: “For how will God above respond to me? What will the Almighty on high do?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	31	2	ygr6	figs-rquestion		0	For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high?	Possible meanings are Job uses this question to emphasize: (1) that God will not bless bad behavior. Alternate translation: “For if I look lustfully on a woman, God Almighty on high will not bless me.” or (2) that God will punish bad behavior. Alternate translation: “For if I look lustfully on a woman, God Almighty on high will certainly punish me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	31	4	vf6m	figs-metaphor		0	Does not God see my ways and count all my steps?	Here “my ways” and “my steps” are metaphors for Job’s behavior. Here “see my ways” and “count all my steps” are metaphors for knowing everything Job does. Job uses this question to emphasize that God does know all he does. Alternate translation: “Certainly God watches me and knows everything that I do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	31	4	n2eh	figs-explicit		0	Does not God see my ways and count all my steps?	Job may be implying that God should know that Job is righteous and does not deserve calamity and disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	31	5	zdh8	figs-hypo		0	If I have	In 31:5-40 Job describes different situations in which he would deserve God’s punishment. But, he knows that they are not true and he is innocent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB	31	5	a5st	figs-metaphor		0	walked with falsehood, if my foot has hurried to deceit	Here “walked” and “hurried” are metaphors that represent how Job lived. Alternate translation: “done anything false or purposely deceived anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	31	6	ndj9	figs-metaphor		0	let me be weighed in an even balance	People used balances to weigh items and to determine their value. This image represents judging honestly. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let me be judged honestly” or “let God judge me honestly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	31	7	fm8c	figs-metaphor		0	If my step has turned aside from the way	Here “my step” is a metaphor for Job’s behavior, and “turned out of the right way” is a metaphor for changing from living right. Alternate translation: “If I have changed from living right” or “If I have stopped doing what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	31	7	r29i	figs-metonymy		0	if my heart has gone after my eyes	Here “my heart” and “my eyes” are metonyms for what Job desires and sees. The heart going after the eyes is a metaphor for desiring to do what he sees. It is implied that this refers to sinful things that Job sees. Alternate translation: “if I have wanted to do any sinful things that I see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	31	7	tvw5	figs-metaphor		0	if any spot has stuck to my hands	This is a metaphor for being guilty. Alternate translation: “if I am guilty of any sin at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	31	8	b7e8			0	then let me sow, and let another eat, and let my crops be uprooted	Job is saying that if he really has sinned, then this bad thing should happen to him. He would do the hard work of sowing his fields, but he would not be able to eat any of it.
JOB	31	8	xs19	figs-activepassive		0	let my crops be uprooted	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let someone else come and take the harvest from my field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	31	9	p1yn	figs-synecdoche		0	If my heart has been deceived by a woman	Here “my heart” represents Job. Here the word “deceived” expresses the idea of “enticed.” The word “woman” expresses the idea of “another man’s wife.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If another man’s wife has enticed me” or “If I have desired another man’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	31	9	rs8z	figs-explicit		0	if I have lain in wait at my neighbor’s door	It can be stated clearly why he was waiting at his neighbor’s door. Alternate translation: “if I have waited at my neighbor’s door so I could sleep with his wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	31	10	ngk5	figs-euphemism		0	then let my wife grind grain for another	This could mean: (1) this is an euphemism which means Job is saying may his wife sleep with another man or (2) it means she will become a slave and work for another man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOB	31	11	ds7e			0	For that would be a terrible crime	The word “that” refers to Job sleeping with another woman.
JOB	31	11	h8zi	figs-activepassive		0	it would be a crime to be punished by judges	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it would be a crime for which judges would be right to punish me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	31	12	r4vn	figs-metaphor		0	For that is a fire that consumes as far as Abaddon, and it would burn all my harvest to the root	Job speaks of the harm that sleeping with another woman causes as if it were a fire that destroys everything. The words “that” and “it” refer to sleeping with another man’s wife. Alternate translation: “For adultery is like a fire that burns up everything from here to Abaddon and that would burn up all my harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	31	12	i923	figs-metaphor		0	consumes as far as Abaddon	These words are probably a metaphor for “destroys everything so I have nothing good for the rest of my life,” but you should probably translate this literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	31	12	bn97	figs-metonymy		0	it would burn all my harvest to the root	The word “it” here refers to the action sleeping with another man’s wife. This action is a metonym for the punishment that Job would suffer as a result of the action. A fire burning up his harvest is a synecdoche for losing everything he has worked for. Alternate translation: “those who punish me would take away everything I have worked for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	31	14	s3xg	figs-rquestion		0	what then would I do when God rises up to accuse me? When he comes to judge me, how would I answer him?	Job uses these questions to emphasize that if God were to judge him, Job would not be able to make himself appear to be good. Alternate translation: “then there would be absolutely nothing I could say to defend myself when God comes to judge me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	31	15	jl2j	figs-rquestion		0	Did the one who made me in the womb not make them also? Did not the same one mold us all in the womb?	Job uses these questions to emphasize that he is no different from his servants. He implies that God would be angry if Job were to treat his servants as less valuable than himself. Alternate translation: “The one who made me in the womb also made them. He formed us all in the womb.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	31	16	yzr5			0	If I have withheld poor people from their desire	Alternate translation: “If I have kept poor people from getting what they desire”
JOB	31	16	e9r8	figs-idiom		0	if I have caused the eyes of the widow to grow dim from crying	Here “to grow dim” refers to the widow having bad eyesight from crying a lot. Alternate translation: “if I have caused a widow to cry in great sadness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	31	17	gs2b			0	my morsel	Alternate translation: “my food”
JOB	31	18	xz2i	figs-genericnoun		0	because from my youth the orphan grew up with me as with a father	Here “the orphan” represents orphans in general. Job is describing how he truly treated orphans. Alternate translation: “because even when I was young I took care of orphans like a father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
JOB	31	18	z518	figs-ellipsis		0	because from my youth	The phrase “But I have done none of those things” is understood from the context. Alternate translation: “But I have done none of those things, because from my youth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOB	31	18	ibm5	figs-hyperbole		0	I have guided his mother, a widow, from my own mother’s womb	Job is describing how he truly treated widows. With the phrase “from my own mother’s womb” he uses exaggeration to emphasize that he did this all his life. Alternate translation: “all my life I have guided the orphan’s mother, a widow” or “all my life I have guided widows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOB	31	20	ut9q	figs-synecdoche		0	if his heart has not blessed me	The phrase “his heart” represents the poor man who needs clothing. Alternate translation: “if he has not blessed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	31	20	r66u	figs-metonymy		0	because he has not been warmed with the wool of my sheep	Here “the wool of my sheep” represents blankets or clothing made from the wool of Job’s sheep. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because the wool of my sheep has not warmed him” or “because I have not given him clothing made from the wool of my sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	31	21	mf7q	figs-metonymy		0	if I have lifted up my hand against fatherless people	Lifting up the hand against someone represents threatening to harm him. Alternate translation: “if I have threatened to harm fatherless people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	31	21	wu45	figs-metaphor		0	I saw my support in the city gate	Here “saw” is a metaphor for “knew,” “support” is a metaphor for “approval,” and “the city gate” is a metonym for the leaders who sit at the city gate. Alternate translation: “I knew that the leaders at the city gate would approve of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	31	21	w7s9			0	in the city gate	This is where the important men of the city would gather to make decisions.
JOB	31	21	y72n			0	then bring charges against me	This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job’s statement in this long sentence.
JOB	31	22	sqk5	figs-activepassive		0	then let my shoulder fall from the shoulder blade, and let my arm be broken from its joint	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then let someone tear off my shoulder from the shoulder blade and break my arm from its joint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	31	23	ss4j			0	For I dreaded … his majesty	This is the reason that Job did not do any of the wicked things he spoke of in verses 7 through 21.
JOB	31	24	r6lg	figs-abstractnouns		0	If I have made gold my hope	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hope**, you can express the same idea with the verbs “trust” or “hope.” Alternate translation: “If I trusted in gold” or “If I hoped that having a lot of gold would make me secure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	31	24	s4sm	figs-parallelism		0	if I have said to fine gold, ‘You are what I am confident in’	This line means the same as the previous line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	31	25	bt3p	figs-metonymy		0	my hand had gotten many possessions	Here “my hand” represents Job’s ability to do things. Alternate translation: “I have gained many possessions by my own ability” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	31	25	sk1t			0	then bring charges against me	This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job’s statement in this long sentence.
JOB	31	26	g5il	figs-personification		0	the moon walking	Here “walking” represents moving slowly. Alternate translation: “the moon moving across the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	31	26	m93p	figs-abstractnouns		0	the moon walking in its brightness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **brightness**, you can express the same idea with the words “bright” or “brightly.” Alternate translation: “the bright moon moving across the sky” or “the moon moving brightly across the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	31	27	qcf6	figs-synecdoche		0	if my heart has been secretly attracted	Here “my heart” represents Job. This phrase can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if I have been secretly attracted to them” or “if I have secretly desired to worship them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	31	27	wm2t	translate-symaction		0	so that my mouth has kissed my hand	Here “my mouth” represents Job. This is a sign of love and devotion. Alternate translation: “so that I have kissed my hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB	31	28	pwl3	figs-activepassive		0	to be punished by judges	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for which judges would be right to punish me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	31	28	g5xt			0	I would have denied the God who is above	Alternate translation: “I would have been unfaithful to the God who is above”
JOB	31	29	b1im	figs-abstractnouns		0	at the destruction of anyone who hated me	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” Alternate translation: “when anyone who hated me was destroyed” or “when bad things happened to anyone who hated me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	31	29	p1nt			0	when disaster overtook him	Alternate translation: “when he experienced disasters”
JOB	31	29	hvt5			0	then bring charges against me	This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job’s statement in this long sentence.
JOB	31	30	w93c	figs-synecdoche		0	Indeed, I have not even allowed my mouth to sin	Here “my mouth” represents Job speaking. Alternate translation: “Truly I did not let myself sin” or “Truly, I did not sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	31	30	jng4	figs-metonymy		0	by asking for his life with a curse	Here “asking for his life with a curse” represents cursing someone’s life so that he will die. Alternate translation: “by cursing him so that he would die” or “by cursing his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	31	31	ng3a	figs-metonymy		0	the men of my tent	The tent represents Job’s household. The men of his tent includes family members and servants. All of these knew Job well. Alternate translation: “the men of my household” or “my family members and servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	31	31	hwl9	figs-rquestion		0	Who can find one who has not been filled with Job’s food?	Job’s men would have used this question to emphasize that Job was generous to everyone. Alternate translation: “Everyone has been filled with Job’s food!” or “Everyone we know of has eaten as much of Job’s food as he wanted!”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	31	32	uns3	figs-metonymy		0	even the foreigner has never had to stay in the city square	Job is explaining how he truly treated foreigners. Here “stay in the city square” represents sleeping overnight in the city square. Alternate translation: “foreigners have never had to sleep in the city square” or “foreigners have never had to sleep outside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	31	32	h895	figs-metonymy		0	I have always opened my doors to the traveler	Here “opened my doors to the traveler” represents welcoming the traveler into his home. Alternate translation: “I have always welcomed the traveler into my home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	31	32	p6kk			0	and if that is not so, then bring charges against me	This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job’s statement in this long sentence.
JOB	31	33	sb1q	figs-metaphor		0	If … I have hidden my sins	Here “have hidden my sins” represents trying to keep people from knowing that he had sinned. Alternate translation: “If … I have tried to keep my sins a secret” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	31	33	jav4	figs-metaphor		0	by hiding my guilt inside my tunic	This represents trying to keep people from knowing that he is guilty. Alternate translation: “by hiding the evidence of my guilt inside my tunic” or “like one who hides the evidence of his guilt inside his tunic” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	31	34	b8ml	figs-parallelism		0	because I feared the great multitude, because the contempt of families terrified me	This would be the reason for hiding his sins. These mean the same thing. They emphasize that a person may hide his sin because he fears what other people may think about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	31	34	ia4h			0	then bring charges against me	This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job’s statement in this long sentence.
JOB	31	35	i9lk	figs-exclamations		0	Oh, if only I had someone to hear me!	This exclamation expresses Job’s wish. Alternate translation: “I wish I had someone to hear me” or “I wish that someone would listen to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
JOB	31	35	vmt3	figs-metaphor		0	here is my signature	Here “my signature” represents Job’s promise that everything he is saying is true. He speaks of his complaint as if he had written a legal document. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that all I have said is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	31	35	v1vp	figs-explicit		0	let the Almighty answer me!	Here an answer probably refers to telling Job what wrong he accuses Job of doing. Alternate translation: “let the Almighty tell me what I have done wrong” or “I wish the Almighty would say what I have done wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	31	35	u84z			0	If only I had the indictment that my opponent has written!	This expresses Job’s wish. Job speaks as though his troubles are evidence that someone has written something accusing him of terrible sin. Alternate translation: “I wish I had the accusation that my opponent has written” or “If only I could read my opponent’s complaint against me”
JOB	31	35	qku3			0	my opponent	This could mean: (1) this refers to God or (2) this refers to someone else.
JOB	31	36	gw5a	figs-metaphor		0	Surely I would carry it openly on my shoulder; I would put it on like a crown	This represents putting it where everyone could read it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	31	37	l5p7	figs-metaphor		0	I would declare to him an accounting for my steps	Here “my steps” represents Job’s actions. Alternate translation: “I would declare to him an accounting for all I have done” or “I would tell him everything I have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	31	37	mvd6	figs-simile		0	as a confident prince I would go up to him	This means Job would approach God without any fear. Job implies that he could do this because he was not guilty. Alternate translation: “I would approach him boldly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	31	38	g2jv	figs-hypo		0	General Information:	This concludes Job’s description of situations in which he would deserve God’s punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB	31	38	r91t	figs-personification		0	If my land ever cries out against me, and its furrows weep together	Job speaks of being guilty as if his land were a person who cries out against Job because of the wrong Job has done to the land. Alternate translation: “If I have done wrong concerning my land” or “If I have stolen my land from someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	31	39	vfe3	figs-metonymy		0	to lose their lives	This represents dying. Alternate translation: “to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	31	40	k93z	figs-ellipsis		0	weeds instead of barley	The words “let” and “grow” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “let weeds grow instead of barley” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOB	32	intro	pq4v			0		# Job 32 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Job’s friends give up on trying to convince him that he is being punished for sinning. This chapter introduces Elihu who was a witness to these interactions between Job and his friends. According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the first of Elihu’s four statements. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 32:6-22, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. This quotation continues through the next chapter.
JOB	32	1	k2f6	figs-metaphor		0	he was righteous in his own eyes	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “he considered himself righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	32	2	cr7d	figs-metaphor		0	Then was kindled the anger of Elihu son of Barakel the Buzite, of the family of Ram; it was kindled against Job	This compares Elihu’s anger to someone starting a fire. Also, If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then Elihu son of Barakel the Buzite, of the family of Ram, became very angry with Job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	32	2	hxc1	translate-names		0	Elihu … Barakel … Ram	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB	32	2	l6vj	translate-names		0	Buzite	This is the name of a people-group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB	32	2	iub4	figs-explicit		0	he justified himself rather than God	This means that he considered himself innocent and believed God had been wrong to punish him. Alternate translation: “he justified himself and claimed that God had been wrong to punish him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	32	3	p4aw	figs-metaphor		0	Elihu’s anger was also kindled against his three friends	This compares Elihu’s anger to someone starting a fire. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Elihu also became very angry with his three friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	32	4	w92d	writing-background		0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. This tells background information about Elihu. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JOB	32	5	mm6z	figs-metaphor		0	that there was no answer in the mouths of these three men	This means that the men were done speaking to Job. This speaks of the men possibly having an answer as if the answer were an object that would be in their mouths. Alternate translation: “that these three men had nothing else to say” or “that these three men had no more answers to give Job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	32	5	xt4n	figs-metaphor		0	his anger was kindled	This compares Elihu’s anger to someone starting a fire. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he became very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	32	6	jj95	figs-you		0	you are very old	Here “you” is plural and refers to Job and his three friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOB	32	7	z9d9	figs-metonymy		0	Length of days should speak; a multitude of years should teach wisdom	These two lines mean the same thing. Elihu emphasizes that since older people are wiser than younger people, they should be the first to speak of what they know. Alternate translation: “He who has lived many years should speak; He would is older should teach wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	32	8	le8v	figs-parallelism		0	there is a spirit in a man; the breath of the Almighty	Both phrases mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that a man’s wisdom comes from God. Alternate translation: “there is a spirit in a man, that is, the breath of the Almighty that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	32	8	tg64	figs-metonymy		0	the breath of the Almighty	Here the spirit is represented by “breath.” Alternate translation: “the spirit of the Almighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	32	11	c94u			0	See	Elihu uses this word here to draw the mens’ attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
JOB	32	11	vq5w	figs-you		0	I waited for your words	“I waited to hear what you would say.” The word “your” refers to Job’s friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOB	32	12	cem5			0	who could respond to his words	Here the word “respond” does not just mean to answer, but to answer with a helpful response.
JOB	32	13	ys9l			0	We have found wisdom	This means that they believe that they have figured out what is wise. Alternate translation: “We have discovered what is wise”
JOB	32	13	pwq9	figs-metaphor		0	to defeat Job	This speaks of God responding to Job and correcting him as if he were defeating him in battle. Alternate translation: “to refute Job” or “to answer Job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	32	14	q8fq			0	with your words	Alternate translation: “by saying what you have said”
JOB	32	15	gi7d			0	dumbfounded	amazed, unable to speak
JOB	32	16	k7n7	figs-rquestion		0	Should I wait because they are not speaking, because they stand there silent and answer no more?	Elihu uses a question to emphasize that he will not wait any longer to speak. Elihu answers this question himself in the next verse. Alternate translation: But because you do not speak, I certainly will not wait any longer; you merely stand there and do not reply anymore. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	32	17	ii5q			0	I also will answer on my part	Alternate translation: “I will now take my turn to answer”
JOB	32	18	j46i	figs-metaphor		0	I am full of words	Elihu speaks of having a lot to say as being full of words. Alternate translation: “I have so much to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	32	18	t9et			0	the spirit in me compels me	Alternate translation: “my spirit forces me to say it”
JOB	32	19	l5s6	figs-simile		0	my breast is like fermenting wine that has no vent; like new wineskins, it is ready to burst	While wine is fermenting, gas collects in the container. If the gas is not let out the container will burst. Elihu means that he has so much to say that if he does not speak he feels like he will burst. Also, these two phrases are parallel and have the same meaning. Alternate translation: “I feel like my breast is about to burst, like a container of fermenting wine that has no vent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	32	19	a7cz	figs-synecdoche		0	my breast is	This represents Elihu, specifically his spirit. Alternate translation: “my spirit is” or “I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	32	20	m29y	figs-activepassive		0	I may be refreshed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I may feel better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	32	20	w6zz	figs-synecdoche		0	open my lips	Here the “lips” represent the mouth. Alternate translation: “open my mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	32	21	mi73			0	neither will I give honorific titles to any man	Alternate translation: “neither will I praise any man or give him titles of honor”
JOB	32	22	nb65			0	my Maker	This is a name referring to God. Alternate translation: “God who made me”
JOB	32	22	i4r2	figs-euphemism		0	take me away	This means that he would destroy him. Alternate translation: “destroy me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOB	33	intro	t7rx			0		# Job 33 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is a continuation of the first of Elihu’s four statements and it is addressed to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This quotation is a continuation of the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s mercy<br>While Job has been complaining about the lack of justice and response from Yahweh, Elihu shows Job that Yahweh has shown him great mercy along the way. He is still alive because of Yahweh’s mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])
JOB	33	1	m7lu	figs-parallelism		0	hear my speech; listen to all my words	These two phrases mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that Job must listen carefully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	33	2	j572	figs-parallelism		0	I have opened my mouth … my tongue has spoken in my mouth	These mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that he is now ready to speak. His “tongue” speaking represents himself speaking. Alternate translation: “I have opened my mouth and I have begun to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	33	3	u1kk	figs-synecdoche		0	My words come from the uprightness of my heart	Here Elihu refers to himself by his “heart” as he speaks of being upright. Alternate translation: “I will speak with uprightness” or “I will speak with complete honesty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	33	3	j6sd	figs-synecdoche		0	my lips speak pure knowledge	Here Elihu refers to himself by his “lips” to emphasize his speech. Alternate translation: “I will speak sincerely to you the things I know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	33	4	g749	figs-parallelism		0	The Spirit of God … has given me life	These two lines mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that God has made him and so gives authority to what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	33	5	ikf4	figs-metaphor		0	set your words in order before me and stand up	This speaks of Job preparing what he will say as if he were setting up and organizing physical objects. Alternate translation: “prepare what you will say, and stand up and answer me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	33	6	ie4u			0	See	Elihu uses this word here to draw Job’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
JOB	33	6	dis8	figs-metaphor		0	I am just as you are in God’s sight	Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “I am just as you are in God’s judgment” or “God judges me the same way that he judges you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	33	6	ym3b	figs-metaphor		0	I also have been formed out of the clay	Though people are not made out of clay, God has made everyone as a potter carefully makes things out of clay. Alternate translation: “God has made both of us just as a potter forms things from clay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	33	6	q828	figs-activepassive		0	I also have been formed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has also made me” or “God has formed both of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	33	7	dmb1			0	terror of me will not make you afraid	Alternate translation: “you do not need to be afraid of me”
JOB	33	7	y53l	figs-metaphor		0	neither will my pressure be heavy upon you	This means that he will not hinder Job or burden him. He speaks of emotional burden here as if it were a heavy physical burden. Alternate translation: “neither will I burden you” or “I will not oppress you with what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	33	8	zu7c			0	in my hearing	Alternate translation: “where I could hear you”
JOB	33	8	c2f7			0	I have heard the sound of your words saying	Alternate translation: “I have heard you say”
JOB	33	9	f62q	figs-metaphor		0	clean	A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	33	9	h3f9			0	there is no sin in me	Alternate translation: “I have not sinned”
JOB	33	10	f8tf			0	See	The speaker uses this word here to draw attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
JOB	33	11	ra4e	figs-metaphor		0	He puts my feet in stocks	“Stocks” are wooden blocks a jailer puts around a prisoner’s feet to restrict his movement. Job speaks of feeling like he is a prisoner by saying that he is in stocks. Alternate translation: “I feel he has made me a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	33	11	w3ja	figs-metonymy		0	my paths	These words refer to where he goes. Here where he goes represents what he does. Alternate translation: “everything that I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	33	12	bbu1			0	I will answer you	Elihu is speaking to Job.
JOB	33	13	z74q	figs-rquestion		0	Why do you struggle against him?	Elihu uses this question to emphasize that Job should not struggle against God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not struggle against God.” or “You should not try to argue with God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	33	13	m749			0	He does not account for any of his doings	Alternate translation: “He does not have to explain to us anything he does”
JOB	33	14	gyh6	figs-idiom		0	God speaks once—yes, twice	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “God speaks again and again in different ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	33	15	zz7a	figs-parallelism		0	a dream … a vision of the night	These phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	33	15	vq5q	figs-metaphor		0	when deep sleep falls upon men, in slumber on the bed	This speaks of people being in a deep sleep as if the sleep fell upon them or overcame them. Alternate translation: “when people are fully asleep on their bed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	33	16	cgu3	figs-metaphor		0	then God opens the ears of men	This speaks of God making people aware of things as if he were opening their ears so that they could hear. Alternate translation: “then God reveals things to people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	33	17	qd6y	figs-metaphor		0	in order to pull man back from	This speaks of God keeping someone from doing something as if he were physically pulling him away from harm. Alternate translation: “in order to keep him from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	33	18	t4um	figs-parallelism		0	God keeps man’s life back from the pit … his life from crossing over to death	Both of these statements mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “God saves people from the grave and from death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	33	18	d93m	figs-metaphor		0	the pit	The place where people go when they die is referred to here as “the pit.” Alternate translation: “the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	33	18	bd6l	figs-idiom		0	man’s life back … his life	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “man from dying and … he keeps him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	33	18	lgc1	figs-metonymy		0	from crossing over to death	Here “death” represents the place where people go when they die, that is, sheol. Alternate translation: “from going to sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	33	19	pgn6	figs-activepassive		0	Man is punished also	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God also punishes a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	33	19	x9jg	figs-explicit		0	with pain on his bed	This means that the person is experiencing such pain that he must lie in bed. Alternate translation: “with pain so that he must lie in bed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	33	20	ubm9	figs-parallelism		0	so that his life abhors food, and his soul abhors delicacies	These two phrases mean basically the same thing, that the person is in so much pain that he cannot even eat. The person is represented by his “life” and his “soul.” Alternate translation: “the result is that he does not desire any food, not even very special food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	33	20	x7zp			0	abhors delicacies	Alternate translation: “hates even very special food”
JOB	33	21	f64y	figs-activepassive		0	His flesh is consumed away so that it cannot be seen; his bones, once not seen, now stick out	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “His flesh” refers to his fat and muscles, not to his body’s outer skin. Alternate translation: “Disease makes his body weak and thin so that a person can see his bones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	33	22	gup8	figs-synecdoche		0	his soul draws close to the pit	Here a person is represented by his “soul.” Alternate translation: “he is close to going into the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	33	22	v3zi	figs-metaphor		0	the pit	The place where people go when they die is referred to here as “the pit.” Alternate translation: “the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	33	22	ne1h	figs-synecdoche		0	his life to those who wish to destroy it	Here the person is represented by his “life.” The phrase “those who wish to destroy it” refers to the place where people go after they die. Alternate translation: “and he is close to going to the place where dead people go” or “and he will soon go to the place of the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	33	23	kt34			0	for him	This does not refer to a specific person. Elihu continues speaking about any person in general.
JOB	33	23	zbw1	translate-numbers		0	one out of a thousand	In some languages it may be more natural to refer to “a great number” instead of “a thousand.” Alternate translation: “one from the great number of angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOB	33	24	a1rp	figs-metaphor		0	the pit	The place where people go when they die is referred to here as “the pit.” Alternate translation: “the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	33	24	es6z	figs-explicit		0	I have found a ransom for him	This means that the angel has found a way to pay for the sins of the man so that he does not have to die. Alternate translation: “for I have found a way for you to keep him from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	33	25	ze1v			0	Then	This word is used here to mark what will happen if God grants the angel’s request. Alternate translation: “Then as a result” or “As a result of the angel’s request to God”
JOB	33	25	mu51	figs-simile		0	his flesh will become fresher than a child’s	This speaks of the man being healed and his body growing strong again as if his body became new like a child’s body. Alternate translation: “the sick man’s body will become new again like a young person’s body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	33	25	k7le	figs-hyperbole		0	fresher than a child’s	In this comparison, the word “fresher” is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “fresh like a child’s” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOB	33	25	n9hs	figs-ellipsis		0	a child’s	This refers to a child’s flesh. Alternate translation: “a child’s flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOB	33	25	s1tk	figs-metaphor		0	it is restored to the days of his youth	This speaks of the man’s flesh again being as strong as it was when he was young. Alternate translation: “it will become strong again, as it was when he was young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	33	26	yt2q	figs-idiom		0	he sees God’s face with joy	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he joyfully worships God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	33	26	d3zd	figs-synecdoche		0	God’s face	Here God is represented by his “face.” Alternate translation: “God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	33	26	ysy8			0	God will give the person his triumph	Alternate translation: “God will save the person” or “God will make things right for the person again”
JOB	33	27	t53p	figs-activepassive		0	but my sin was not punished	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but God did not punish me for sinning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	33	28	wt12	figs-synecdoche		0	rescued my soul from going down into the pit	Here the person is referred to by his “soul.” Alternate translation: “rescued me from dying and going to the pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	33	28	u2a3	figs-metaphor		0	the pit	The place where people go when they die is referred to here as “the pit.” Alternate translation: “the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	33	28	f6ps	figs-metonymy		0	my life will continue to see light	Here the person is represented by his “life.” Also, living is spoken of as seeing the light. Alternate translation: “I will continue to live and see the daylight” or “I will continue to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	33	29	m27i			0	See	Elihu uses this word here to draw Job’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
JOB	33	29	w47t	figs-idiom		0	twice, yes, even three times	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “again and again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	33	30	b2bf	figs-synecdoche		0	his soul	The person is represented by his “soul.” Alternate translation: “him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	33	30	cik5	figs-metaphor		0	to bring his soul back from the pit	This speaks of saving the man from dying as if he had died and was being brought back to life. Alternate translation: “to keep him from dying and going to the pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	33	30	qg5z	figs-metaphor		0	the pit	The place where people go when they die is referred to here as “the pit.” Alternate translation: “the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	33	30	myd4	figs-activepassive		0	he may be enlightened with the light of life	This is an idiom and may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he may be happy to still be alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	33	31	z1l9	figs-doublet		0	Pay attention, Job, and listen to me	These phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully to me, Job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB	33	32	g3l6	figs-idiom		0	that you are in the right	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that you are innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	34	intro	b9ku			0		# Job 34 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the second of Elihu’s four statements and it is addressed first to Job’s friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Elihu uses many of Job’s statements against him. His attitude is not too different from Job’s friends.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s justice<br>Elihu defends the justice of Yahweh after Job claimed that Yahweh was being unjust. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
JOB	34	1	h9vc			0	Moreover, Elihu	Alternate translation: “Then, Elihu”
JOB	34	1	yw36	translate-names		0	Elihu	See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 32:2](../32/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB	34	2	k8a4			0	Listen to my words	Alternate translation: “Listen to what I say”
JOB	34	2	zux7	figs-irony		0	you wise men … you who have knowledge	Elihu is criticizing Job and his friends. He does not think they are actually wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB	34	3	ln8s	figs-simile		0	For the ear tries words as the palate tastes food	Elihu means people listen carefully to determine what is right or wrong just like we taste food to determine if it is good or bad. Here people are referred to by their “ear” and their “palate” to emphasize that they are tasting and hearing. Alternate translation: “For we listen to words to know what is good and bad, just as we taste foods to know what is good to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	34	4	v6hj	figs-exclusive		0	Let us	Here “us” refers to Elihu, Job, and his three friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
JOB	34	5	k2e1			0	has taken away my rights	Alternate translation: “refused to give me justice”
JOB	34	6	k523	figs-activepassive		0	I am considered to be a liar	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God considers me to be a liar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	34	6	i95p	figs-metaphor		0	My wound is incurable	Here Job’s sickness and suffering is spoken of as if it were a “wound.” Alternate translation: “I am sick and no one can heal me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	34	7	nd2a	figs-rquestion		0	What man is like Job	Elihu uses this rhetorical question to scold Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no one else like Job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	34	7	glm5	figs-simile		0	who drinks up mockery like water	Elihu is accusing Job of mocking others as often as a person drinks water. Alternate translation: “who mocks other people as frequently as he drinks water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	34	8	j3zr	figs-metaphor		0	who walks with wicked men	Here “walk” is an idiom for how a person acts. Alternate translation: “who behaves like wicked men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	34	10	n22e	figs-irony		0	you men of understanding	Elihu is criticizing Job and his friends. He does not actually think they are wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB	34	10	meh8	figs-parallelism		0	far be it from God … far be it from the Almighty that he should commit sin	These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that God would never do anything wrong. The phrase “far be it from” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Almighty God would never consider doing anything that is wicked or wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	34	11	ia8g	figs-metaphor		0	For he pays back a person’s work	This means that he gives to a person what he deserves for the work he has done. Here “work” is a metaphor for what a person does. Alternate translation: “For he gives to a person what he deserves in return for he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	34	11	y31y	figs-idiom		0	he makes every man come upon the reward of his own ways	The phrase “his own ways” is an idiom for how a person lives his life. Elihu emphasizes that God gives to people what they deserve. Alternate translation: “he causes every man to receive the reward he deserves for how he lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	34	13	n1w5	figs-parallelism		0	Who put him in charge over the earth? Who put the whole world under him?	Both of these rhetorical questions have the same meaning and emphasize that no one needed to grant God authority because it was already his. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “No one needed to give permission to God to take responsibility over all the earth. He is the rightful one to rule the world.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	34	14	d4kx	figs-hypo		0	If he ever	Elihu is describing a situation that he does not believe would ever happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB	34	14	t8rt	figs-explicit		0	his spirit and his breath	The “spirit” and “breath” of God are what makes all living things alive. Alternate translation: “his spirit and breath which give us life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	34	15	lah1	figs-synecdoche		0	all flesh	Here all living things are represented by their “flesh.” Alternate translation: “all living things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	34	15	tmc7	figs-explicit		0	mankind would return to dust again	This means that all people would die and their bodies would decay and become soil. In the beginning God created man from the dust. Alternate translation: “the bodies of mankind would soon become soil again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	34	16	h7bg			0	now	Elihu uses this word to bring attention to something important he is about to say.
JOB	34	16	lpb8	figs-you		0	you have	Here “you” is singular and refers to Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOB	34	16	giw9	figs-parallelism		0	listen to the sound of my words	“listen to what I say.” This means the same as the previous part of the sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	34	17	rc4c	figs-rquestion		0	Can one who hates justice govern? Will you condemn God, who is righteous and mighty?	Elihu uses this question to rebuke Job for implying that God hates justice. Alternate translation: “One who hates justice cannot be expected to rule over people. So you really cannot criticize God, who is righteous and powerful, and you cannot say that what he has done is wrong.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	34	17	s1zl	figs-rquestion		0	Can one who hates justice govern?	The implicit answer to this rhetorical question is “no.” This question implies that God could not rule the world if he hated justice. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “One who hates justice cannot govern the world.” or “God could certainly never hate what is right and still rule the world.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	34	17	l8xs	figs-rquestion		0	Will you condemn God, who is righteous and mighty?	This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that Job does not have the authority or a reason to condemn God. Alternate translation: “You cannot condemn God, who is righteous and mighty!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	34	18	n5xx	figs-rquestion		0	God, who says to a king, ‘You are vile,’ or says to nobles, ‘You are wicked’?	This continues the rhetorical question from the previous verse, emphasizing to Job that he cannot condemn God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He says to some kings, ‘You are vile,’ and he says to some nobles, ‘You are wicked.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	34	18	pa2a	figs-ellipsis		0	God, who says to a king	This is part of the previous question. The understood words from the previous verse, “will you condemn God,” may be supplied. Alternate translation: “Will you condemn God, who says to a king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOB	34	18	n3qi			0	vile	Alternate translation: “evil” or “worthless”
JOB	34	19	sj41	figs-metonymy		0	for they all are the work of his hands	Here “hands” refer to power. Alternate translation: “for God made them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	34	20	xkd5	figs-idiom		0	at midnight	Midnight is the time when one day ends and another begins. Here “midnight” is used as an idiom. Alternate translation: “at night” or “suddenly, at night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	34	20	yx7f	figs-activepassive		0	people will be shaken and will pass away	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The phrase “will be shaken” is an idiom that means to be “struck.” Alternate translation: “God strikes them and they die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	34	20	nq3g	figs-euphemism		0	mighty people will be taken away, but not by human hands	This means that it is God who causes people to die, not people. Also, If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it is God and not humans who cause mighty people to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	34	20	dsu9	figs-synecdoche		0	not by human hands	Here people are represented by their “hands.” Alternate translation: “not by humans” or “not by people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	34	21	syl2	figs-metonymy		0	For God’s eyes are upon a person’s ways	God’s “eyes” represent his sight. The phrase “a person’s ways” is an idiom for what he does and how he lives. Alternate translation: “For God watches everything a person does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	34	21	wn28	figs-explicit		0	he sees all his steps	This means that he always knows where the person is and where he is going. Alternate translation: “he sees him wherever he goes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	34	22	em2w	figs-doublet		0	no darkness, no thick gloom	The words “thick gloom” mean basically the same thing as, and intensify, the word “darkness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB	34	23	dy7z			0	in judgment	Alternate translation: “so he may judge him” or “to be judged”
JOB	34	24	hwl1	figs-idiom		0	He breaks mighty men into pieces	This speaks of God destroying these men as if he actually broke their bodies into pieces. Alternate translation: “He destroys mighty men” or “He destroys important people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	34	24	nyi9	figs-explicit		0	for their ways that need no further investigation	He does not need to investigate what they have done because he already knows everything about them. Alternate translation: “without needing to do further investigation, because he already knows their ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	34	24	i96c			0	their ways	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the things they have done”
JOB	34	24	z5n9	figs-explicit		0	he puts others in their places	This means that he appoints other people to rule in their positions. Alternate translation: “and he chooses other people to rule in their places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	34	25	hq7v	figs-idiom		0	in the night	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “when they are not expecting it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	34	25	rxl8	figs-activepassive		0	they are destroyed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and destroys them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	34	26	mwg7	figs-simile		0	In the open sight of others, he kills them for their wicked deeds like criminals	This phrase compares the way that these people die to how criminals die. Alternate translation: “He kills them for their wicked deeds, in the open sight of others as if they were criminals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	34	26	y46j	figs-idiom		0	In the open sight of others	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “In a place where everyone can see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	34	26	af3k	figs-explicit		0	he kills them	This speaks of God causing these people to die, though he does not actually strike them with a sword himself. He may cause someone else to kill them or disaster to come upon them. Alternate translation: “he causes them to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	34	27	mv8l	figs-idiom		0	his ways	This refers to God’s instructions for how people should behave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	34	28	d5r1	figs-abstractnouns		0	they made the cry of poor people come to him	The word “cry” can be expressed as a verb. This speaks of God hearing their cry as if the cry were a person that came to him. Alternate translation: “they made the poor people cry, and God heard them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	34	29	w485	figs-metaphor		0	When he stays silent, who can condemn him? If he hides his face, who can perceive him?	These two questions speak of God not punishing wicked people as if he were being silent and hiding his face. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	34	29	k61c	figs-rquestion		0	When he stays silent, who can condemn him?	Elihu uses this rhetorical question to teach Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can criticize God if he decides to remain silent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	34	29	j5ex	figs-rquestion		0	If he hides his face, who can perceive him?	Elihu uses this rhetorical question to teach Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can go and see him if he decides to hide his face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	34	29	pdu7	figs-synecdoche		0	his face	Here God is represented by his “face.” Alternate translation: “himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	34	30	n7qw	figs-metaphor		0	no one to entrap people	This compares a godless ruler harming people as if he were a hunter trapping his prey. Alternate translation: “no one to harm the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	34	32	u6ly	figs-metonymy		0	teach me what I cannot see	Here to “see” means to know. Alternate translation: “teach me what I have done wrong that I am not aware of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	34	33	kc72	figs-rquestion		0	Do you think that God will punish that person’s sin, since you dislike what God does?	“Since you dislike what God does, do you think that God should punish this person’s sin?” Elihu uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he should not think that God will not punish this man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Even though you do not like what God does, surely even you do not think that God will punish this person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	34	33	xdv4	figs-metonymy		0	that person’s sin	Here punishing the person because of his sin is referred to as punishing the “person’s sin.” Alternate translation: “that person because of his sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	34	33	nw6c			0	since you dislike	Alternate translation: “because you dislike”
JOB	34	33	px78			0	what it is that you know	Alternate translation: “what you are thinking about this”
JOB	34	34	qbs3			0	who hears me	Alternate translation: “who hears me speaking”
JOB	34	36	znm7	figs-activepassive		0	If only Job were put on trial in	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If only we could put Job on trial in” or “If only we could take Job to court so a judge could listen to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	34	36	mvs5	figs-idiom		0	in the smallest details of his case	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “to listen to his case thoroughly” or “to hear all of the details of his case” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	34	36	w7eb			0	of his talking like wicked men	Alternate translation: “of how he has spoken like a wicked man”
JOB	34	37	jr4v	figs-explicit		0	he adds rebellion	This refers to rebellion against God. Alternate translation: “he adds rebellion against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	34	37	fm5k	figs-explicit		0	he claps his hands in mockery in our midst	In this accusation, this means that Job clapped his hands to strengthen his mockery of God. Alternate translation: “he claps his hands as he mocks God in our midst” or “he mocks God right in front of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB	34	37	g7nc	figs-metaphor		0	he piles up words against God	Elihu speaks of “words” as if they were objects, and of speaking many words as if it were piling those objects one on top of the other. Alternate translation: “he speaks many words against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	35	intro	mfr6			0		# Job 35 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the third of Elihu’s four statements and it is addressed first to Job’s friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Elihu uses many of Job’s statements against him.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Elihu uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job. These questions help to build Elihu’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Ironic situation<br>Elihu explains the irony of Job’s claim. He claimed to be righteous and desired Yahweh to intervene. In this chapter, Elihu explains to Job that his claims of righteousness are prideful. This makes him unrighteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
JOB	35	2	s9jw	figs-rquestion		0	Do you think this is just…‘My right before God’?	Elihu uses questions to challenge Job. Alternate translation: “You must think you are right…‘My right before God.’” or “It is not just…‘My right before God.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	35	2	yh9l			0	Do you think this is just when you say	Alternate translation: “Do you think it is right for you to say”
JOB	35	2	g7jg	figs-you		0	Do you think	Here “you” is singular and refers to Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOB	35	2	l3t8			0	My right before God	This could mean: (1) Job is claiming to be innocent before God or (2) Job is claiming that he, rather than God, is right.
JOB	35	3	w8qv	figs-rquestion		0	For you ask, ‘What use is it to me?’ and, ‘Would I be better off if I had sinned?’	Elihu quotes Job as saying the these two rhetorical questions. Alternate translation: “For you say, ‘It does not benefit me’ and, ‘I am no better off than if I had sinned.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	35	4	tp7p			0	Connecting Statement:	Elihu continues speaking.
JOB	35	6	t2vl			0	Connecting Statement:	Elihu continues speaking.
JOB	35	6	pdd2	figs-parallelism		0	If you have sinned … what do you do to him?	These two lines share similar meanings. The second line intensifies the meaning of the first line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	35	6	t1v8	figs-rquestion		0	If you have sinned, what harm do you do to God?	Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job’s sins cannot actually do anything to God. Alternate translation: “If you have sinned, you have not done any harm to God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	35	6	s7x4	figs-metaphor		0	If your transgressions pile up high, what do you do to him?	Elihu speaks of “transgressions” as if they were objects, and of committing many transgressions as if it were piling those objects one on top of the other. He asks this question to emphasize that Job does nothing to God by his transgressions. Alternate translation: “If you committed a great many transgressions, you still do nothing to him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	35	7	m97k	figs-rquestion		0	If you are righteous, what can you give to him? What will he receive from your hand?	The two rhetorical questions mean basically the same thing, that Job’s righteousness adds nothing to God. Alternate translation: “If you are righteous, that does not enable you to give anything to him, and there is nothing that he will receive from your hand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	35	7	i418	figs-synecdoche		0	receive from your hand	Here the word “hand” represents Job. Alternate translation: “receive from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	35	8	fa27			0	another son of man	Alternate translation: “another human-being” or “another person”
JOB	35	9	p9sw	figs-abstractnouns		0	Because of many acts of oppression	The word “oppression” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “Because of the many things that people do to oppress others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	35	9	zb6t	figs-metonymy		0	they call for help from the arms of mighty men	Here “arms” refers to power or strength. Alternate translation: “they call for someone to deliver them from the power of mighty men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	35	10	f89r	figs-metaphor		0	who gives songs in the night	Elihu speaks of God enabling people to have hope in troubling circumstances as if he were giving to them songs which they can sing during the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	35	12	gme8			0	Connecting Statement:	Elihu continues speaking.
JOB	35	12	xj4y			0	they cry out	Alternate translation: “the oppressed people cry out”
JOB	35	14	di2g	figs-exclamations		0	How much less will he answer you … that you are waiting for him!	Since God will not hear the prayers of prideful, evil men, it is even less likely that he will hear Job, who is complaining against him. Alternate translation: “So he certainly will not answer you … that you are waiting for him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
JOB	35	14	njy6			0	that your case is before him	Alternate translation: “you have presented your case to him”
JOB	35	14	c513			0	you are waiting for him	Alternate translation: “you are waiting for him to respond”
JOB	35	15	ub2k			0	Now you say that his anger does not punish, and he does not take even a litte notice of transgression	Because Job is saying these things about God that are untrue, it is even less likely that God will answer Job’s prayers.
JOB	35	15	kpu8	figs-metonymy		0	his anger does not punish	Here “his anger” is a metonym for “him.” Alternate translation: “he never punishes anyone because he is angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	35	16	ben3	figs-metaphor		0	he piles up words without knowledge	Elihu speaks of “words” as if they were objects, and of speaking many words as if it were piling those objects one on top of the other. The word “knowledge” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “he speaks many words without knowing what he is talking about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	36	intro	pp2j			0		# Job 36 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the last of Elihu’s four statements and it is addressed first to Job’s friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. His attitude is not too different from Job’s friends.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s justice<br>This chapter focuses on the justice of Yahweh. It is important to remember that justice won’t always come in this life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
JOB	36	2	h1hx	figs-metaphor		0	I will show you some things	Elihu speaks of explaining things to Job as if he were going to show those things to Job. Alternate translation: “I will explain some things to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	36	3	c3pd	figs-metaphor		0	I will obtain my knowledge from far off	Elihu speaks of having knowledge of many different subjects as if it were getting his knowledge from far away places. Alternate translation: “I will show you my great knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	36	3	u4g9	figs-abstractnouns		0	that righteousness belongs to my Maker	Here the word “righteousness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “that my Maker is righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	36	4	sqx3			0	my words will not be false	Alternate translation: “what I say will not be false”
JOB	36	4	br1k	figs-metaphor		0	someone who is mature in knowledge is with you	The word “someone” refers to Elihu himself. He speaks of being very knowledgeable as if it were being mature in knowledge. Alternate translation: “I, who am with you, am very knowledgeable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	36	5	z14c			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JOB	36	5	j9ct	figs-doublet		0	he is mighty in strength of understanding	The phrase “mighty in strength” forms a doublet that means “very strong.” Elihu speaks of God understanding everything perfectly as if his understanding were very strong. Alternate translation: “he is very strong in understanding” or “he understands everything completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	36	7	q9mj	figs-metaphor		0	He does not withdraw his eyes from righteous people	Elihu speaks of God protecting righteous people as if God were watching them with his eyes, and of God ceasing to protect them as if he withdrew his eyes from them. Alternate translation: “He does not stop protecting the righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	36	7	yc6f	figs-metaphor		0	sets them on thrones like kings	Elihu speaks of God honoring the righteous people as if God were causing them to sit on thrones like kings do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	36	7	x6yz	figs-metaphor		0	they are lifted up	Elihu speaks of God honoring the righteous people as if he lifted them up to a high place. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he lifts them up” or “he honors them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	36	8	a6cw	figs-activepassive		0	If they are bound in chains	Here the word “they” refers righteous people whom God will discipline if they sin. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If someone binds them in chains” or “If someone makes them a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	36	8	f3xm	figs-metaphor		0	trapped in cords of suffering	Elihu speaks of a person being made to suffer as if that person were trapped in ropes that cause suffering. Alternate translation: “someone causes them to suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	36	9	qj2k	figs-ellipsis		0	their transgressions and their pride	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “he reveals to them their transgressions and their pride” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOB	36	10	i8aj	figs-metaphor		0	He also opens their ears	Elihu speaks of causing a person to listen as if it were opening that person’s ear. Alternate translation: “He also causes them to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	36	10	gn8h	figs-abstractnouns		0	to his instruction	The noun “instruction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “to what he is instructing them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	36	10	emb8	figs-metaphor		0	to turn back from iniquity	Elihu speaks of stopping an action as if it were turning back from it. Alternate translation: “to stop committing iniquity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	36	11	hx9k	figs-synecdoche		0	they will spend their days in prosperity, their years in contentment	The words “days” and “years” both refer to the person’s lifetime. Alternate translation: “they will spend their lives in prosperity and contentment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	36	12	q2nz	figs-metaphor		0	they will perish by the sword	Elihu speaks of a person dying violently as if someone had killed them with a sword. Alternate translation: “they will die a violent death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	36	13	j1gi	figs-metonymy		0	who are godless in heart	Here the word “heart” refers to the thoughts and emotions. The phrase may indicate that the person stubbornly refuses to trust God. Alternate translation: “who refuse to trust in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	36	13	z1u5	figs-metaphor		0	store up their anger	Elihu speaks of a person remaining angry as if that person stored up their anger like one would store up treasure. Alternate translation: “are always angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	36	13	a4sw	figs-metaphor		0	even when God ties them up	Elihu speaks of God disciplining people as if God were tying them up with ropes. Alternate translation: “even when God punishes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	36	14	ny42			0	their lives end among the cultic prostitutes	Here “cultic prostitutes” refers to young men who served in pagan temples performing sexually immoral acts as part of their rituals. This phrase could mean: (1) the godless die because of their immoral behavior or (2) the godless die in shame and disgrace.
JOB	36	15	wt6t	figs-metaphor		0	he opens their ears	Elihu speaks of God causing a person to listen as if God were opening their ears. See how you translated this in [Job 36:10](../36/10.md). Alternate translation: “he causes them to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	36	16	h4g2	figs-metaphor		0	into a broad place where there is no hardship	Elihu speaks of living without trouble as if it were being in a wide-open space where there were no hardships. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	36	16	qjt9	figs-metaphor		0	where your table would be set with food full of fatness	Elihu speaks of living prosperously as if it were having one’s table filled with the best foods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	36	16	yn9l	figs-activepassive		0	your table would be set	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your servants would set your table” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	36	16	pw88	figs-idiom		0	food full of fatness	Meat that had plenty of fat on it was a sign of prosperity because the animals were healthy and well-fed. Alternate translation: “the very best food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	36	17	ybk9			0	you are full of judgment on wicked people	This could mean: (1) “God is punishing you as he would punish the wicked” or (2) “you are obsessed with the judgment that the wicked deserve.”
JOB	36	17	ji7m	figs-personification		0	judgment and justice have laid hold of you	Elihu speaks of God judging Job and giving him justice as if judgment and justice were people that have laid hold of Job. Alternate translation: “God has brought you to judgment and given you justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	36	18	mp6j			0	Do not let your anger entice you to mockery	Some versions of the Bible translate this as “Beware that you are not enticed by wealth.”
JOB	36	19	m4pr	figs-rquestion		0	Can your wealth benefit you, so that you will not be in distress, or can all the force of your strength help you?	Elihu asks these questions to state that money and power will not be able to help Job if he acts unjustly. Alternate translation: “Your wealth cannot cause you to no longer be in distress, and all the force of your strength cannot help you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	36	19	z8pw			0	all the force of your strength	Alternate translation: “all of your great strength” or “all of your mighty efforts”
JOB	36	20	q5v5	figs-metaphor		0	when peoples are cut off in their place	This could mean: (1) that “peoples” refers to people in general and “cut off in their place” is a metaphor for oppressing others by dragging them away from their homes. Alternate translation: “when people drag others away from their homes” or (2) that “peoples” represents nations and “cut off in their place” is a metaphor for nations being destroyed. Alternate translation: “when nations will perish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	36	21	qhr8	figs-activepassive		0	you are being tested by suffering	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God is testing you by making you suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	36	22	c7mn			0	See, God	Alternate translation: “You know this already: God”
JOB	36	22	x4qx			0	God is exalted in his power	This could mean: (1) “God is extremely powerful” or (2) “people exalt God because he is powerful”
JOB	36	22	ay6d	figs-rquestion		0	who is a teacher like him?	Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one is a teacher like God. Alternate translation: “no one is a teacher like him.” or “no one teaches like he does.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	36	23	r88v	figs-rquestion		0	Who has ever instructed him about his way?	Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one has ever taught God what to do. Alternate translation: “No one has ever instructed him about what he should do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	36	23	tz9r	figs-rquestion		0	Who can ever say to him, ‘You have committed unrighteousness?’	Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can accuse God of having committed unrighteousness. Alternate translation: “No one can ever say to him, ‘You have committed unrighteousness.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	36	25	c8rq	figs-metaphor		0	they see those deeds only from far away	Elihu speaks of people not being fully able to understand God’s deeds as if people were only able to see those deeds from far away. Alternate translation: “they do not fully understand them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	36	26	k1vw			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JOB	36	26	zd6h	figs-idiom		0	the number of his years is incalculable	This refers to how long God has existed. Alternate translation: “people cannot know how long he has lived” or “people cannot know his age” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	36	27	z98g	figs-explicit		0	that he distills as rain from his vapor	The word “distills” can also mean “refine” or “filter.” Elihu describes how God turns the drops of water, or vapor, that he draws up into rain. Alternate translation: “that he turns into rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	36	29	q3k1	figs-rquestion		0	can anyone understand the extensive spread of the clouds and the thunder from his hut?	Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can do these things. Alternate translation: “no one can understand the extensive spread of the clouds and the thunder from his hut.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	36	29	a4ve	figs-abstractnouns		0	the extensive spread of the clouds	The phrase “the extensive spread” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “how the clouds spread across the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	36	29	wh4w	figs-metaphor		0	from his hut	Elihu speaks of the sky as if it were a “hut” in which God lives. Alternate translation: “from the sky, where God lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	36	30	ip5f			0	See, he spreads	Alternate translation: “Look carefully and see how he spreads”
JOB	36	30	e9es	figs-metaphor		0	and covers the roots of the sea	Elihu speaks of the deep parts of the sea as if the sea were a plant and its depths were its roots. This could mean: (1) although the lightning causes light in the sky, the deep parts of the sea remain dark. Alternate translation: “but the depths of the sea remain dark” or (2) the lightning in the sky cause even the depths of the sea to have light. Alternate translation: “and lights up the depths of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	36	32	tsi9	figs-metaphor		0	He fills his hands with the lightning	Elihu speaks of the lightning that storms cause as if God were holding the lightning in his hand and directing it to strike where he wills. This could mean: (1) that God holds the lightning bolts in his hands in order to throw them, or (2) that God hides the lightning bolts in his hands until he is ready to use them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	36	33	k3qk			0	Its thunder	Alternate translation: “The thunder caused by the lightning” or “The thunder”
JOB	36	33	se83			0	hear it is coming	Alternate translation: “hear that the storm is coming”
JOB	37	intro	ccm7			0		# Job 37 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is a continuation of the previous chapter and the last of Elihu’s four statements, and it is addressed first to Job’s friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. His attitude is not too different from Job’s friends.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s justice<br>This chapter focuses on the justice of Yahweh. It is important to remember that justice won’t always come in this life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
JOB	37	1	mup1	figs-parallelism		0	my heart trembles … it is moved out of its place	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	37	1	eid2			0	my heart trembles at this	The word “this” refers to the storm in [Job 36:33](../36/33.md).
JOB	37	1	nhy8	figs-metaphor		0	it is moved out of its place	Elihu speaks of his heart beating violently as if it were to jump out of his chest. Alternate translation: “it moves out of its place” or “it beats violently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	37	2	ilg9	figs-metaphor		0	the noise of his voice, the sound that goes out from his mouth	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Elihu speaks of the thunder as if it is God’s voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	37	3	q5ea	figs-metaphor		0	to the edges of the earth	Elihu speaks of the farthest places on the earth as if they were the earth’s borders. Alternate translation: “everywhere in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	37	4	l4nh	figs-metaphor		0	A voice roars after it … the voice of his majesty	Elihu continues to speak of the thunder as if it is God’s voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	37	4	x26r			0	roars after it	Alternate translation: “roars after the lightning”
JOB	37	4	nei1			0	the voice of his majesty	Alternate translation: “his majestic voice”
JOB	37	4	k5js	figs-activepassive		0	when his voice is heard	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when people hear his voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	37	6	btz3	figs-ellipsis		0	likewise to the rain shower	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “likewise, he says to the rain shower” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOB	37	7	y45f	figs-synecdoche		0	He stops the hand of every man	Here the word “hand” represents the entire person. Alternate translation: “He stops every man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	37	9	cpb8	figs-explicit		0	The storm comes from its chamber in the south and the cold from the scattering winds in the north	In Israel, strong wind storms blow in from the south and cold weather approaches from the north. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	37	9	j84c	figs-metaphor		0	The storm comes from its chamber in the south	Elihu speaks of the storm blowing in from the south as if the storm has a place where it resides until it comes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	37	10	u9mk	figs-metaphor		0	By the breath of God ice is given	Elihu speaks of the cold north wind as if it were God’s breath. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God’s breath makes ice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	37	10	dc5f	figs-simile		0	frozen like metal	Elihu compares the hardness of ice to the hardness of metal. Alternate translation: “frozen, as hard as metal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	37	11	gl6n	figs-metaphor		0	he weighs down the thick cloud with moisture	Elihu speaks of God causing the storm clouds to be full of water as if the moisture weighed heavily on the clouds. Alternate translation: “he causes the thick clouds to be full of moisture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	37	13	it32	figs-abstractnouns		0	sometimes it happens for correction	The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. The object of his “correction” is people. Alternate translation: “sometimes it happens to correct his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	37	13	mjf4	figs-explicit		0	sometimes for his land	This means that the rain waters the ground and causes vegetation to grow. Alternate translation: “sometimes to water the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	37	13	uep4	figs-abstractnouns		0	sometimes as acts of covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “sometimes to act faithfully to his covenant” or “sometimes to be faithful to his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	37	15	ch2b	figs-rquestion		0	Do you know how God establishes the clouds and makes the lightning bolts to flash in them?	Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job cannot know this. Alternate translation: “You cannot understand how God establishes the clouds and makes the lightning bolts to flash in them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	37	15	cbz2			0	establishes the clouds	Alternate translation: “controls the clouds” or “makes the clouds obey him”
JOB	37	16	w6jd	figs-rquestion		0	Do you understand the floating of the clouds, the marvelous deeds of God, who is perfect in knowledge?	Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job does not know these things. Alternate translation: “You do not understand the floating of the clouds, the marvelous deeds of God, who is perfect in knowledge.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	37	16	z95q			0	the floating of the clouds	Alternate translation: “how the clouds float”
JOB	37	16	s2ui	figs-ellipsis		0	the marvelous deeds of God	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “or do you understand the marvelous deeds of God” or “and you do not understand the marvelous deeds of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOB	37	17	a6f1	figs-rquestion		0	Do you understand how your garments become hot … from the south?	Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job does not know these things. Alternate translation: “You do not understand how your garments become hot … from the south.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	37	17	hy96			0	how your garments become hot	Alternate translation: “how you become hot in your clothes” or “how you sweat in your clothes”
JOB	37	17	r98k	figs-explicit		0	because the wind comes from the south	In Israel, hot winds blow in across the desert from the south and cause hot temperatures. Alternate translation: “because of the hot, dry wind blowing in from the south” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	37	18	zlb7	figs-rquestion		0	Can you spread out the sky … a mirror of cast metal?	Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job cannot do this. Alternate translation: “You cannot spread out the sky … a mirror of cast metal.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	37	18	c2kf	figs-metaphor		0	as strong as a mirror of cast metal	In biblical days, mirrors were made of metal. Elihu speaks of the sky giving no rain as if it were as hard as solid metal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	37	18	ww4s			0	cast metal	This refers to metal that is melted, poured into a mold, and then hardens as it cools.
JOB	37	19	s7ig	figs-exclusive		0	Teach us what we should say to him	Here the words “us” and “we” refer to Elihu, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar, but not to Job. Elihu uses this phrase sarcastically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
JOB	37	19	q3st	figs-metaphor		0	because of the darkness of our minds	Elihu speaks of the inability to understand as if it were having darkness in one’s mind. Alternate translation: “because we do not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	37	20	z1tr	figs-rquestion		0	Should he be told that I wish to speak with him?	Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can do this. Alternate translation: “I cannot have someone tell him that I wish to speak with him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	37	20	fp7n	figs-activepassive		0	Should he be told	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Should I have someone tell him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	37	20	b2q9	figs-rquestion		0	Would a person wish to be swallowed up?	Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one would want this to happen. Alternate translation: “No person would want to be swallowed up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	37	20	x2hn	figs-metaphor		0	to be swallowed up	Elihu speaks of a person being destroyed as if the person were swallowed up. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for God to destroy him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	37	22	l64j	figs-metaphor		0	over God is fearsome majesty	The word “fearsome” means that it causes fear. Elihu speaks of God’s majesty as if it were something that rests upon God. Alternate translation: “God’s majesty causes people to fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	37	23	c4sd	figs-metaphor		0	we cannot find him	This could mean: (1) “we cannot approach him” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Elihu speaks of a person’s being unable to fully understand God as if he could not find God. Alternate translation: “we cannot comprehend him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	37	24	n2pv	figs-metonymy		0	those who are wise in their own minds	Here “minds” represents the person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “those who are wise in their own thinking” or “those who consider themselves to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	38	intro	bs8p			0		# Job 38 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Yahweh finally speaks in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s greatness<br>Yahweh is far greater than any man. He is the creator of the earth, and his ways will not always be understood by men because their knowledge is always limited.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	1	b53y			0	Then Yahweh called	Here, the word “then” marks the beginning of a new part of the book. See if your language has a similar way to introduce a new scene. Alternate translation: “After all that had happened, Yahweh called.
JOB	38	1	zh2u			0	called to Job	Alternate translation: “answered Job” or “responded to Job”
JOB	38	1	zk13			0	out of a fierce storm	Alternate translation: “from a powerful storm”
JOB	38	2	ln5m	figs-rquestion		0	Who is this who brings darkness to plans by means of words without knowledge?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job spoke of things he did not know about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You bring darkness to my plans by means of words without knowledge.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	2	u9fl			0	Who is this who brings	Alternate translation: “Who are you to bring”
JOB	38	2	kw1v	figs-metaphor		0	brings darkness to plans	“obscures my plans” or “confuses my purposes.” How Job confuses God’s plans is spoken of as if he were making God’s plans harder to see. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **darkness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “darkens.” Alternate translation: “darkens plans” or “makes plans hard to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	38	2	lq69			0	by means of words without knowledge	Alternate translation: “by speaking of things about which you do not know”
JOB	38	2	nng1	figs-abstractnouns		0	words without knowledge	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “unknowing words” or “ignorant words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	38	3	ur9i	figs-idiom		0	gird up your loins like a man	“tie your robe up around your waist like a man.” Men tied up their robes around their waists so that their legs could move more freely as they did heavy work. The idiom “gird up your loins like a man” means to get ready to do something involving action such as work, a contest, or a battle. Job was to prepare for the hard work of answering God. Alternate translation: “get yourself ready for hard work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	38	4	k38w	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Yahweh begins to challenge Job with a series of questions that emphasize he created the earth and Job did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	4	xgy2	figs-rquestion		0	Where were you when I laid the earth’s foundations? Tell me, if you have so much understanding	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me where you were when I laid the foundations of the earth, if you have so much understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	4	e2l4	figs-metaphor		0	I laid the earth’s foundations	Yahweh describes creating the earth as though he was building a structure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	38	4	p418	figs-abstractnouns		0	if you have so much understanding	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “understand.” Alternate translation: “if you understand so much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	38	5	y99g	figs-rquestion		0	Who determined its dimensions? Tell me, if you know	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who determined its dimensions, if you know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	5	sp2s			0	dimensions	Alternate translation: “size”
JOB	38	5	nt85	figs-rquestion		0	Who stretched the measuring line over it?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who stretched the measuring line over it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	5	wjp1			0	measuring line	a rope or cord that people use to make something the right size and shape
JOB	38	6	i7br	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	The word “its” refers to the earth. Yahweh uses more questions to emphasize that Job could never understand how great God is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	6	a776			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	38	6	i5wb	figs-rquestion		0	On what were its foundations laid?	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “On what did I set its foundations?” or “Tell me on what its foundations were laid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	38	6	p5tv	figs-rquestion		0	Who laid its cornerstone	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who laid its cornerstone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	7	r55l	figs-rquestion		0		Job finishes the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who laid its cornerstone” in verse 6. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	7	g3kf	figs-rquestion		0	when the morning stars … the sons of God shouted for joy?	Job finishes the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who laid its cornerstone” in verse 6. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “Tell me who laid its cornerstone when the morning stars … the sons of God shouted for joy.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	7	ql8y	figs-personification		0	when the morning stars sang together	The morning stars are spoken of as singing like people sing. Possible meanings are: (1) the “morning stars” are the same as the “sons of God” in the next line or (2) “the morning stars” refer to stars in the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	38	7	z79e			0	the morning stars	Alternate translation: “the bright stars that shine in the morning”
JOB	38	7	j365			0	sons of God	This refers to angels, heavenly beings. See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md).
JOB	38	7	x5id	figs-abstractnouns		0	shouted for joy	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **joy**, you can express the same idea with the adverb “joyfully.” Alternate translation: “shouted joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	38	7	uc38			0	for joy	Alternate translation: “because they were full of joy”
JOB	38	8	nk5s	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Yahweh uses another question to emphasize that he created the earth and Job did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	8	h82c			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	38	8	i6wl	figs-rquestion		0	Who shut up the sea … of the womb	This can be translated as a command. Alternate translation: “Tell me who shut up the sea … of the womb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	8	x8t1	figs-metaphor		0	shut up the sea with doors	Yahweh compares the way that he prevented the sea from covering all of the earth to holding it back with doors. Alternate translation: “prevented the water from flooding over the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	38	8	txy1	figs-simile		0	as if it had come out of the womb	Yahweh compares his creation of the sea to childbirth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	38	9	un26	figs-rquestion		0		This is the end of the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who shut up” in verse 8. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	9	fhm1	figs-rquestion		0	when I made clouds … and thick darkness its swaddling bands?	This can be translated as a command. Alternate translation: “Tell me who shut up … when I made clouds … and thick darkness its swaddling bands.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	9	n9tt			0	its clothing	Alternate translation: “as clothes for the sea”
JOB	38	9	zkz3	figs-abstractnouns		0	thick darkness its swaddling bands	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **darkness**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “dark.” Alternate translation: “made dark clouds its swaddling bands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	38	9	s1lf			0	swaddling bands	long pieces of cloth that people use to wrap a baby in after it is born
JOB	38	10	iq3r			0	I marked out for the sea my boundary	Alternate translation: “I made a boundary for the sea”
JOB	38	10	j829			0	boundary	Yahweh set a limit beyond which the sea was not allowed to cross.
JOB	38	10	hyj2	figs-metaphor		0	I placed its bars and doors	Yahweh compares the way that he made a boundary for the sea to containing the sea with bars and doors. Alternate translation: “I set up its barriers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	38	10	b38y			0	bars	long pieces of wood or metal that are used to keep a door shut
JOB	38	11	hv5f	figs-personification		0	when I said to it	“when I said to the sea.” Yahweh speaks to the sea as though it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	38	11	ixn6	figs-explicit		0	You may come this far, but no farther	The words “this far” mean only as far as the boundary that Yahweh set up. Alternate translation: “You may come as far as this boundary, but no farther” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	38	11	iy3q	figs-personification		0	to the pride of your waves	“to the power of your waves.” The waves are spoken of as if they could have pride. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **pride**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “proud.” Alternate translation: “to your proud waves” or “to your powerful waves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	38	12	c1ks	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he created the light of day and Job did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	12	b56i	figs-rquestion		0		Yahweh continues to challenge Job. He begins to ask a rhetorical question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	12	hi2g	figs-rquestion		0	Have you … to know its place	This question expects a negative answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have never … shaken the wicked out of it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	12	i57a	figs-personification		0	given orders to the morning	Yahweh describes the morning as being able to receive orders and know things like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	38	12	gc16			0	caused the dawn to know its place	Alternate translation: “caused the dawn to know where it belongs”
JOB	38	12	q9wm			0	dawn	the daylight that appears in the morning sky before the sun rises
JOB	38	13	zak3			0	Connecting Statement:	This is the end of the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you given” in verse 12.
JOB	38	13	l3k7	figs-rquestion		0	so that it might take hold … shake the wicked out of it?	This is the end of the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you given” in verse 12. This question expects a negative answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “You have never given … so that it might take hold … shaken the wicked out of it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	13	s9db	figs-metaphor		0	take hold of the edges of the earth	The light of dawn is spoken of as if it seizes the horizons of the earth. Alternate translation: “grasp the ends of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	38	13	m62q	figs-metaphor		0	shake the wicked out of it	The daylight is pictured as causing wicked people to leave like shaking something to remove unwanted things. Alternate translation: “shake wicked people out of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	38	14	m9rx	figs-simile		0	The earth is changed in appearance like clay changes under a seal	At nighttime, people cannot see clearly, but in the morning the light reveals the distinct shape of everything, just like a seal creates distinct images in clay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	38	14	dn8y	figs-simile		0	all things on it stand out clearly like the folds of a piece of clothing	Here “it” refers to the earth. This phrase has a similar meaning to the first phrase in this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	38	15	w5i8	figs-activepassive		0	From wicked people their ‘light’ is taken away	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The morning takes away the ‘light’ of wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	38	15	jfq3	figs-irony		0	their ‘light’	The wicked consider darkness to be their light, because they do their evil deeds in the darkness and they are familiar with the darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB	38	15	e6v7	figs-metaphor		0	their uplifted arm is broken	The raised arm of the wicked represents their power and intention to do evil things, but the wicked stop doing those evil things when the morning light comes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	38	16	e754	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Yahweh uses five questions to emphasize that he understands the earth and seas and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	16	yt52			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	38	16	vy8n	figs-rquestion		0	Have you gone to the sources of the waters of the sea?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not gone to the sources of the waters of the sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	16	lcg5	figs-rquestion		0	Have you walked in the lowest parts of the deep?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not walked in the lowest parts of the deep.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	16	kmu4			0	the sources of the waters	Alternate translation: “the springs”
JOB	38	16	jrv9	figs-nominaladj		0	the deep	This refers to the sea or ocean where the water is very deep. Alternate translation: “the deep sea” or “the ocean depths” or “the deep water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JOB	38	17	a7xy	figs-metaphor		0	Have the gates of death been revealed to you	Death is spoken of as if it were a city that had gates through which people enter into it. This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “Has anyone shown the gates of death to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	38	17	g37w			0	the shadow of death	See how you translated this in [Job 3:5](../03/05.md).
JOB	38	18	q2iv	figs-rquestion		0	Have you understood the earth in its expanse?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not understand the earth in its expanse.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	18	k9n7			0	the earth in its expanse	Alternate translation: “the great broad places of the earth”
JOB	38	18	l8zz			0	if you know it all	Alternate translation: “if you know all about these things”
JOB	38	19	kmt5	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Yahweh uses three questions to emphasize that he understands light and darkness and Job does not. Each of these verses have two parallel phrases. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	38	19	z2nq			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	38	19	p4uw	figs-rquestion		0	Where is the way to the resting place of light—as for darkness, where is its place?	This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not know the way to the resting place of light or the place of darkness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	19	q3uk	figs-personification		0	the resting place of light	“the dwelling of light.” Light is spoken of as having a resting place from which it comes forth each day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	38	19	he61			0	light	Alternate translation: “daylight” or “sunlight”
JOB	38	20	d9pc	figs-rquestion		0	Can you lead light and darkness to their places of work? Can you find the way back to their houses for them?	These questions expect a negative answer. They can be expressed as statements. Alternate translation: “You cannot lead light and darkness to their places of work, or find the way back to their houses for them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	20	tyy4	figs-personification		0	to their places of work	“to their territory.” Light and darkness are spoken of as being led out and back each day to accomplish Yahweh’s purposes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	38	21	ca1q	figs-irony		0	Undoubtedly … so large	Yahweh uses mocking irony to emphasize that Job does not understand light and darkness. Alternate translation: “It is obvious that you do not know, because you were not born when I created them, and you are not very old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB	38	21	zfd6			0	for you were born then	The word “then” refers to the time when light was created and separated from darkness. Alternate translation: “for you were already born when I created them”
JOB	38	21	hy8k			0	the number of your days is so large	Alternate translation: “you have lived so many years”
JOB	38	22	h59t	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he rules over the natural world and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	22	w7gx	figs-rquestion		0		Yahweh continues to challenge Job. He bgins to ask a rhetorical question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	22	sj2h	figs-metaphor		0	storehouses for the snow … storehouses for the hail	Snow and hail are pictured as being stored by Yahweh to do his will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	38	22	q2qv			0	hail	balls of ice (usually small) that sometimes fall down from the sky during a storm
JOB	38	23	hve3			0	Connecting Statement:	The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you entered” in verse 22 ends here.
JOB	38	23	vl8g	figs-rquestion		0	these things that I have kept … and war?	The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you entered” in verse 22 ends here. “You have never entered the storehouses for the snow, and you have never seen the storehouses for the hail, these things that I have kept … and war.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	23	fv91			0	these things that I have kept	The words “these things” refer to the snow and the hail (verse 22).
JOB	38	24	ctg6	figs-activepassive		0	What is the path to where the lightning bolts are distributed or to where the winds are scattered from the east over the earth?	These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “What is the path to where I distribute the lightning bolts or to where I scatter the winds from the east over the earth?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	38	24	auw5			0	the winds are scattered	Alternate translation: “the winds are blown”
JOB	38	25	q4hg	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Yahweh questions Job to emphasize that he causes it to rain and thunder and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	25	f7pp	figs-rquestion		0		Yahweh continues to challenge Job. He begins to ask a series of rhetorical questions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	25	eh5t	figs-rquestion		0	Who has created the channels for the floods of rain	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only I have created the channels for the floods of rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	25	j3xx	figs-rquestion		0	or who has made a path for the thunder	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “and only I have made a path for the thunder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	25	ve3k			0	the floods of rain	Alternate translation: “the torrents of rain”
JOB	38	25	cd75			0	a path for the thunder	Alternate translation: “a way for the rumble of thunder to be heard.”
JOB	38	26	g934	figs-parallelism		0	on lands where no person exists, and on the wilderness, in which there is no one	These two phrases have nearly the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	38	26	na1j			0	where no person exists	Alternate translation: “where there are no people”
JOB	38	27	b6m2	figs-rquestion		0		The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who has created” in verse 25 ends here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	27	lf5w	figs-rquestion		0	to satisfy … sprout with grass?	The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who has created” in verse 25 ends here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “I am the one who has created … of rain, and I am the one who has made … to satisfy … sprout with grass.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	27	d9vt	figs-explicit		0	to satisfy	The implied information is that it is the rain that meets the needs of the land to grow grass. Alternate translation: “so that the rain can satisfy the needs of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	38	27	q9sc	figs-hendiadys		0	devastated and desolate	“ruined and wasted.” These two words have nearly the same meaning and emphasize the ruined and empty nature of these regions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
JOB	38	27	v1hz			0	with grass	“the new grass” or “the fresh grass.” This is grass that is just starting to grow.
JOB	38	27	cug4			0	make the ground sprout with	Alternate translation: “make the ground support new grass”
JOB	38	28	t8tq	figs-rquestion		0		Yahweh begins a series of four questions to emphasize to Job that he makes rain, dew, ice, and frost and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Rain, dew, ice, and frost are spoken of as though they could be born like people are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	38	28	y3ap			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	38	28	be1t	figs-rquestion		0	Does the rain have a father, or, who fathers the drops of dew?	These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Tell me who the rain’s father is, and tell me who has become the father of the drops of dew.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	28	geg1	figs-metaphor		0	fathers the drops of dew	Becoming the father of the dew is a metaphor for creating it. Alternate translation: “causes the drops of dew to exist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	38	29	gw3s	figs-rquestion		0	Out of whose womb did the ice come? Who bore the white frost out of the sky?	These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Tell me whose womb the ice came out of. Tell me who bore the white frost out of the sky.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	29	fm77			0	ice	Alternate translation: “frozen water”
JOB	38	29	l9y4			0	bore	Alternate translation: “gave birth to”
JOB	38	29	qu6n			0	the white frost	dew that freezes on the ground on cold, clear nights
JOB	38	30	jjp9	figs-personification		0	The waters hide themselves and become like stone	The waters are spoken of as being able to hide. During the winter the ice hides the water underneath it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JOB	38	30	iw86	figs-simile		0	become like stone	The hardness of ice is spoken of as if it was stone. Alternate translation: “become hard like stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	38	30	cul4	figs-nominaladj		0	the deep	This refers to the sea or ocean where the water is very deep. Alternate translation: “the deep sea” or “the ocean depths” or “the deep water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JOB	38	31	l2s5	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Yahweh uses five questions to emphasize to Job that he rules the heavens and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	31	w86h			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	38	31	rik8	figs-rquestion		0	Can you fasten chains on the Pleiades, or undo the cords of Orion?	These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You cannot fasten chains on the Pleiades, and you cannot undo the cords of Orion.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	31	kqa9			0	fasten chains on	Alternate translation: “bind chains onto” or “tie the bonds of”
JOB	38	31	p1ai			0	the Pleiades … Orion	These are the names of constellations. See how you translated them in [Job 9:9](../09/09.md).
JOB	38	31	wb4a			0	undo the cords of Orion	Alternate translation: “loosen the cords that hold Orion”
JOB	38	32	n1r3			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	38	32	ys38	figs-rquestion		0	Can you lead the constellations … proper times? Can you guide … children?	These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You cannot lead the constellations … proper times. You cannot guide … children.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	32	lrw6			0	constellations	groups of stars that seem like they form a particular shape in the sky
JOB	38	32	qx9k			0	to appear at their proper times	Alternate translation: “so that they appear at the right time”
JOB	38	32	x8g2			0	the Bear	This is the name of a constellation. Translate as in [Job 9:9](../09/09.md).
JOB	38	32	a6br			0	its children	Alternate translation: “its cubs”
JOB	38	33	y4fp	figs-rquestion		0	Do you know the regulations of the sky? Could you set in place the sky’s rule over the earth?	These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You do not know the regulations of the sky? You could not set in place the sky’s rule over the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	34	i5q7	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Yahweh uses two questions to emphasize to Job that he rules the rain clouds and lightning and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	34	mq7j			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	38	34	tca5	figs-rquestion		0	Can you raise … may cover you?	These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You cannot raise … may cover you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	34	yh4f	figs-abstractnouns		0	an abundance of rainwater	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **abundance**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “abundant.” Alternate translation: “an abundant amount of rainwater” or “a flood of waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	38	35	na4p	figs-rquestion		0	Can you send out … you, ‘Here we are’?	These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You cannot send out you, ‘Here we are!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	35	z4cb	figs-personification		0	Here we are	The lightning bolts are spoken of as servants saying they are ready to follow commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	38	36	a9d6	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Yahweh uses three questions to emphasize to Job that he rules the clouds and rain and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	36	sx1r			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	38	36	h7ay	figs-rquestion		0	Who has put wisdom in the clouds or has given understanding to the mists?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind these questions as statements. Alternate translation: “I am the one who has put wisdom in the clouds and given understanding to the mists.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	36	sfx3			0	has put wisdom in the clouds	Alternate translation: “has given wisdom to the clouds”
JOB	38	37	pv86	figs-rquestion		0		A rhetorical question begins here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	37	qju4	figs-rquestion		0	Who can pour out the water skins of the sky	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who can pour out the water skins of the sky.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	37	w7u7	figs-metaphor		0	the water skins	These are skins that people sew together so that they can hold water. Yahweh refers to the thick clouds as “waters skins” because they hold much water just like water skins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	38	38	hj6z	figs-rquestion		0	when the dust runs … tightly together?	The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who can pour out” in verse 37 ends here. “Only I can pour out … when the dust runs … tightly together.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	38	qh39	figs-activepassive		0	when the dust runs into a hard mass	The rain makes the loose dry dirt stick together like one piece of dirt. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when the rain molds the dirt into a hard mass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	38	38	njw9			0	the clods of earth clump tightly together	Alternate translation: “the lumps of soil stick together”
JOB	38	39	s331	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he knows how to feed the lions and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	39	hqx6			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	38	39	f7aw	figs-rquestion		0	Can you hunt down a victim for a lioness or satisfy the appetite of her young lion cubs	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot hunt down a victim for a lioness or satisfy the appetite of her young lion cubs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	39	y8rn			0	a victim	“prey.” This is an animal that a lion could eat.
JOB	38	39	i376			0	lioness	This is a female lion.
JOB	38	39	n1pj			0	appetite	hunger
JOB	38	39	j1aw			0	of her young lion cubs	“of young lions.” These are young lions that are old enough to hunt for themselves.
JOB	38	40	awl8			0	Connecting Statement:	The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Can you hunt” in verse 39 ends here.
JOB	38	40	yb24	figs-rquestion		0	when they are crouching … to lie in wait?	The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Can you hunt” in verse 39 ends here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “You know that you cannot hunt down … when they are crouching … to lie in wait.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	40	hu7v			0	dens	A “den” is a lair or shelter where lions live.
JOB	38	40	g23n			0	sheltering in hiding	“hiding in a thicket.” Lions hide in thick vegetation when hunting their prey.
JOB	38	40	fx6l	figs-explicit		0	to lie in wait	The implied information is that the lions are hiding and waiting for their prey to come near. Alternate translation: “to lie waiting for a victim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	38	41	t9jb	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he provides food for the ravens and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	41	u1rq			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	38	41	sxy9	figs-rquestion		0	Who provides victims … for lack of food?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who provides victims … for lack of food.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	38	41	f3g8			0	provides victims	“provides food.” This refers to animals that ravens look for and can eat.
JOB	38	41	hc2b			0	ravens	large birds with shiny black feathers that feed on dead animals
JOB	38	41	y9ey	figs-explicit		0	cry out to God	The implied information is that the ravens are crying out for food. Alternate translation: “cry to God for help” or “cry out for God to give them food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	38	41	nde9			0	stagger about	This means to walk around in an unsteady way.
JOB	38	41	i8kr			0	for lack of food	Alternate translation: “because they have no food” or “because they have nothing to eat”
JOB	39	intro	l9e1			0		# Job 39 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Yahweh continues to speak in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s greatness<br>Yahweh is far greater than any man. He is the creator of the earth, and his ways will not always be understood by men because their knowledge is always limited. Since Job cannot understand creation, he cannot truly understand Yahweh.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character. Many of these questions focus on nature because Yahweh is the creator of the heavens and the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
JOB	39	1	b1wa	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Yahweh uses four questions to emphasize that he is greater than Job because Yahweh takes care of the wild mountain goats and deer and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	1	sw6i			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	39	1	m8kw	figs-rquestion		0	Do you know at what time … bear their young?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you do not know when … bear their young!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	1	d7nh	figs-rquestion		0	Can you watch when the deer are having their fawns?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not able to watch to make sure everything goes well when the deer give birth to their fawns!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	1	j6ic			0	are having their fawns	Alternate translation: “give birth to their fawns”
JOB	39	2	phe5	figs-rquestion		0	Can you count the months that they gestate?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot count the months that they are pregnant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	2	nrm8			0	that they gestate	Alternate translation: “to complete their pregnancy”
JOB	39	2	w95t			0	they	The word “they” refers to the goats and the deer.
JOB	39	2	w3w9			0	gestate	Alternate translation: “are pregnant”
JOB	39	2	txy4	figs-rquestion		0	Do you know the time when they bear their young?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Of course you do not know when they give birth to their young.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	3	sq9c			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	39	3	uj6h			0	They crouch down	The word “They” refers to the wild mountain goats and the deer.
JOB	39	3	rvs4			0	birth their young	Alternate translation: “give birth to their offspring”
JOB	39	3	n62w	figs-metonymy		0	then they finish their labor pains	This could mean: (1) their labor pains are over when the birth is finished or (2) “labor pains” is a metonym that refers to the offspring of the goats and deer because they are the result of the mother’s labor and pain. Alternate translation: “send out their offspring from their womb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	39	4	wey9			0	the open fields	Alternate translation: “the countryside” or “the wild”
JOB	39	4	v8ps			0	do not come back again	Alternate translation: “do not come back to them” or “do not come back to their mothers”
JOB	39	5	p64r	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Yahweh uses two questions to emphasize that he is greater than Job because Yahweh takes care of the wild donkeys and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	5	g9xs			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	39	5	twv9	figs-rquestion		0	Who let the wild donkey go free?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who let the wild donkey go free.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	5	x4tg			0	the wild donkey … the swift donkey	These are different names for the same kind of donkey.
JOB	39	5	mg7f	figs-rquestion		0	Who has untied the bonds of the swift donkey	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who untied the bonds of the swift donkey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	5	pp7e			0	bonds	ropes, chains, or straps that hold an animal and keep it from running away
JOB	39	6	dku4	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who has untied” in verse 5 ends here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	6	z26m	figs-rquestion		0	whose home I have made … in the salt land?	The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who has untied” in verse 5 ends here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “I am the one who has untied … whose home I have made in the Arabah, his house in the salt land.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	6	qyi5	figs-personification		0	whose home I have made in the Arabah	Yahweh describes the donkey as though he were a person that had a house. “I gave him the Arabah as a place to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	39	6	hfq8			0	the salt land	the land around the Salt Sea that has a lot of salt in it
JOB	39	7	b9s6			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	39	7	j9rx			0	He	The word “He” refers to the wild donkey.
JOB	39	7	m4ln	figs-personification		0	laughs in scorn	Yahweh describes the donkey as though he were a person. The donkey laughs because those in the city have to hear loud noise, but he lives in a quiet place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	39	7	rpn6			0	the driver’s	someone who forces an animal to work
JOB	39	8	t3sa			0	pastures	places where animals can eat plants growing in the field
JOB	39	9	u4vx	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Here Yahweh uses four questions to emphasize that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild ox. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	9	s6zs			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	39	9	ss2c	figs-rquestion		0	Will the wild ox be happy to serve you?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “The wild ox will not be happy to serve you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	9	yl5m			0	the wild ox	This could mean: (1) a type of ox that used to live in the wild or (2) some kind of buffalo that looked like oxen.
JOB	39	9	f9tw			0	be happy	Alternate translation: “be willing”
JOB	39	9	v7dg	figs-rquestion		0	Will he consent to stay by your manger?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He will not consent to stay by your manger.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	9	t1u5			0	consent to stay by your manger	Alternate translation: “stay by your manger through the night”
JOB	39	9	sgz6			0	manger	something that holds food so that animals can eat it
JOB	39	10	iqy5	figs-rquestion		0	Can you use ropes to hold the wild ox in the furrows?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot control the wild ox with a rope in order to plow furrows in your fields.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	10	mt1p			0	ropes	Farmers would tie ropes to animals’ heads or necks in order to lead them.
JOB	39	10	gny8			0	furrows	These are long channels made in the dirt while plowing. See how you translated this in [Job 31:38](../31/38.md).
JOB	39	10	g8w9	figs-rquestion		0	Will he harrow the valleys as he follows after you?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He will never harrow the valleys as he follows after you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	10	uq7t			0	harrow	to smooth and break up the soil
JOB	39	11	b4gj	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Here Yahweh uses three questions to continue his argument that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild ox. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	11	epz6			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	39	11	au79	figs-rquestion		0	Will you trust him because his strength is great?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot trust him because his strength is great.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	11	zx9v			0	trust him	The word “him” refers to the “wild ox.”
JOB	39	11	cgj2	figs-rquestion		0	Will you leave your work to him to do?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not be able to make him do your work for you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	11	f3u1			0	leave your work to him to do	Alternate translation: “have him do your hard work for you”
JOB	39	12	ht1z	figs-rquestion		0	Will you depend on him … grain for your threshing floor?	These two clauses basically mean the same thing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not be able to depend on him … grain for your threshing floor.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB	39	13	g5i9			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	39	13	xrh3	figs-rquestion		0	The wings of the ostrich … pinions and plumage of love?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job cannot explain why ostriches behave the way they do. Alternate translation: “You do not know whether the pinions and plumage of the ostrich represent love when they wave their wings proudly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	13	c9hc			0	ostrich	a very large bird that can run very fast but cannot fly
JOB	39	13	k698			0	wave proudly	Alternate translation: “move with joy”
JOB	39	13	b62x			0	pinions	the very long feathers on the wings of birds
JOB	39	13	y8q9			0	plumage	the smaller feathers that cover the body of a bird
JOB	39	13	a7t4			0	of love	The Hebrew word is uncertain. This could mean: (1) “of faithfulness” or (2) “of a stork.” The name of the stork meant “the faithful one” or “the loving one” because people knew that storks take very good care of their chicks.
JOB	39	14	ix8t			0	on the earth	Alternate translation: “on the ground”
JOB	39	15	eg2i			0	crush them	The word “them” refers to the eggs.
JOB	39	15	p8ek			0	trample them	Alternate translation: “step on them”
JOB	39	16	n7gh			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	39	16	dn58			0	She deals roughly	The word “She” refers to the female ostrich.
JOB	39	16	u9gc			0	her labor	the work that she does when she lays the eggs
JOB	39	16	uqn1	figs-explicit		0	might have been in vain	If the chicks die, all of her work was useless. Alternate translation: “might have been useless if the chicks die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	39	17	jm95			0	deprived her of wisdom	Alternate translation: “made her forget wisdom” or “not given her wisdom”
JOB	39	17	c8hu			0	understanding	See how you translated this in [Job 11:6](../11/06.md).
JOB	39	18	bd6w			0	When she runs	This verse is in contrast to her weakness in caring for her chicks. Alternate translation: “However, when she runs”
JOB	39	18	y8sh	figs-explicit		0	she laughs … its rider	It is implied that she laughs because she is faster than the horse. Alternate translation: “she laughs … its rider because she can run faster than the horse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	39	19	j9tb	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Yahweh uses three questions to emphasize that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild horse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	19	ma5j			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	39	19	jg2w	figs-rquestion		0	Have you given the horse his strength?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have never given the horse his strength.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	19	sul3	figs-rquestion		0	Did you clothe his neck with his flowing mane?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot clothe his neck with his flowing mane.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	19	z5th	figs-metonymy		0	clothe his neck with his flowing mane	The horse’s “mane” is spoken of as if it was clothing for the neck of the horse. Alternate translation: “made his flowing main to cover his neck like clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	39	19	j215			0	flowing mane	the long hair on the top of the neck of a horse
JOB	39	20	lpb2	figs-rquestion		0	Have you ever made him jump like a locust?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not able to make him jump like a locust.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	20	ul5g			0	a locust	a large kind of grasshopper that can jump very far and very quickly
JOB	39	20	mh2c			0	snorting	a very loud sound that horses make with their nose
JOB	39	21	c17t			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	39	21	gcq9	figs-explicit		0	He paws	The word “He” refers to the horse. The horse paws the ground because he is very excited to begin the fight. Alternate translation: “He paws with excitement and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	39	21	nvw4			0	paws	Alternate translation: “digs at the ground with his hooves”
JOB	39	21	k6rc	figs-metonymy		0	to meet the weapons	Here “the weapons” represent the battle in which they are used. Alternate translation: “to join in the battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	39	22	vse1			0	He mocks fear	Alternate translation: “He is not afraid at all”
JOB	39	22	juq5			0	mocks	Alternate translation: “laughs at”
JOB	39	22	qlb7			0	dismayed	discouraged
JOB	39	22	uk9z			0	does not turn back	Alternate translation: “does not run away”
JOB	39	23	cvi2			0	quiver	a container that holds arrows
JOB	39	23	ldn9			0	rattles	shakes and makes noise
JOB	39	23	i34d			0	flank	the side of a horse
JOB	39	23	q76b			0	javelin	a long stick with a sharp end that people throw at their enemies
JOB	39	24	r5sq			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	39	24	frz2			0	He	The word “He” refers to the horse.
JOB	39	24	sh13	figs-metaphor		0	swallows up ground	The horse runs over the ground so quickly that the ground passes by like water that a person drinks. Alternate translation: “runs very fast over the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	39	24	bkv1			0	with fierceness and rage	The horse is very excited, so he moves quickly and strongly.
JOB	39	24	kx1q	figs-explicit		0	at the trumpet’s sound	It can be stated that someone blows the trumpet. Alternate translation: “when someone blows a trumpet to announce that a battle has begun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	39	24	yf1b			0	he cannot stand in one place	Alternate translation: “he is too excited to stand still”
JOB	39	25	q35d	figs-personification		0	he says, ‘Aha	The word “Aha” is a sound people make when they discover something. The horse makes a sound because he has discovered the battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	39	25	nry6	figs-explicit		0	the thunderous shouts	It is implied that the horse hears these things. Alternate translation: “he hears the thunderous shouts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	39	25	i8r5			0	the outcries	“the battle cries.” People have special shouts that they use in war to show their great strength and bravery and to scare the enemy.
JOB	39	26	i2wf			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	39	26	e41g	figs-rquestion		0	Is it by your wisdom … for the south?	Yahweh uses this question to prove that Job is not as great as Yahweh. The implicit answer to this question is “no.” Alternate translation: “It is not by your wisdom … for the south.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	26	rx7s	figs-metonymy		0	stretches out his wings for the south	Here the stretching out of his wings refers to flying. Alternate translation: “flies to the south” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	39	26	ckg8			0	for the south	In the biblical geography, birds fly south during the winter in order to live in warmer climates.
JOB	39	27	bv18			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	39	27	qk6s	figs-rquestion		0	Is it at your orders … nest in high places?	Yahweh uses this question to prove that Job is not powerful enough to command the eagles. The implicit answer to this question is “no.” Alternate translation: “You are not able to command the eagle to mount up and build his nest in high places.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	39	27	cd7k	figs-abstractnouns		0	at your orders	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **orders**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “because you tell it to do so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	39	27	cz3r	figs-idiom		0	mounts up	This means he flies upward. Alternate translation: “flies up into the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB	39	28	u8qm			0	a stronghold	The high cliffs are strongholds for eagles because the animals that would want to eat them cannot reach them.
JOB	39	29	ps15			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	39	29	ak87			0	he searches for victims	Here the word “he” refers to the eagle.
JOB	39	29	e6kd			0	for victims	Alternate translation: “for animals that he can kill and eat”
JOB	39	29	t32l	figs-synecdoche		0	his eyes see them	Here “his eyes” refer to the eagle. Alternate translation: “he sees them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	39	30	e2b5			0	His young	It may be helpful to state that this happens after the eagle kills and animal. Alternate translation: “After an eagle kills an animal, the baby eagles”
JOB	39	30	s29l			0	drink up blood	Alternate translation: “drink the blood of the animal that he killed”
JOB	39	30	iv5j			0	where killed people are	“where there are dead people.” This phrase refers to dead bodies that are lying out in the open, not to bodies that are buried in the ground.
JOB	39	30	nx3p	figs-explicit		0	there he is	It can be made explicit that he comes to eat the dead bodies. Alternate translation: “he is there to eat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	40	intro	k9mj			0		# Job 40 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 40:1-2, 4-5, 7-24, which are extended quotations of Job and Yahweh, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s righteousness<br>In seeking to defend his own righteousness, Job accuses Yahweh of being unjust. Yahweh asks a very important question: “Will you condemn me so you may claim you are right?” This is the essence of Job’s error.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Irony<br>Yahweh states, “He who argues with God, let him answer.” Job immediately answers him. This is irony. While Job is forced to acknowledge the power of Yahweh, he does not repent of his former statements. Because of this, Yahweh asks him more questions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Animals<br>There are several animals mentioned in this chapter that do not exist and may never have existed. It may be necessary to leave these names untranslated or to translate their names as adjectives.
JOB	40	1	jlf1			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	40	2	kpm1	figs-rquestion		0	Should anyone who wishes to criticize try to correct the Almighty?	Yahweh is rebuking Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one who wants to criticize me should try to argue with me, for I am Almighty God.” or “You, a person, want to criticize me, Almighty God, but you should not try to correct me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	40	2	p78z	figs-pronouns		0	He who argues with God, let him answer	Yahweh speaks of Job and himself as if they were two other people to remind Job that no person anywhere should argue with God. Alternate translation: “You want to argue with me, so answer me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JOB	40	4	hez5			0	See, I am	Alternate translation: “You are right when you say that I am” or “Look at me and you will see that I am”
JOB	40	4	ymc5			0	I am insignificant	Alternate translation: “I am not important”
JOB	40	4	q9w7	figs-rquestion		0	how can I answer you?	Job uses this question to apologize for questioning God. Alternate translation: “I cannot answer you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	40	7	t5gf	figs-simile		0	gird up your loins like a man	A man who tucks his robe up under his sash or belt is preparing for hard physical work, and Job was to prepare for the hard work of answering God. See how you translated this in [Job 38:3](../38/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	40	8	piw2			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB	40	8	q5c9	figs-rquestion		0	Will you actually say that I am unjust?	The word “actually” indicates that Yahweh is surprised that Job would say that Yahweh is unjust and that Job should make sure that he really wants to say that. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am surprised that you are saying I am unjust.” or “You should be sure that you want to say that I am unjust, because that is what you are saying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	40	8	fj3l	figs-rquestion		0	Will you condemn me so you may claim you are right?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are condemning me so you could claim that you are innocent.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	40	9	zc8k	figs-simile		0	an arm like God’s	The arm is a metonym for the strength in the arm. Alternate translation: “strength like God’s strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	40	9	h8v3	figs-rquestion		0	Can you thunder with a voice like him?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You certainly cannot cause thunder with your voice the way God does with his.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	40	9	bf69			0	a voice like him	Alternate translation: “a voice the way he does” or “a voice like his voice”
JOB	40	10	tc7m	figs-metaphor		0	clothe yourself in glory and dignity; array yourself in honor and majesty	The abstract nouns “glory,” “dignity,” “honor,” and “majesty” are spoken of as if they were clothing that a person could put on. They can be translated as adjectives and verbs. Alternate translation: “make yourself glorious; do something great so people will respect you and honor you; make people think you are a great king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	40	11	ec11	figs-metaphor		0	Scatter around the excess of your anger	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anger**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Here, **anger** is spoken of as if it were something that usually could be held in a container, but in this situation there is so much of it that what does not fit needs to be spread around. It is also a metonym for the actions a person takes when he is angry. You may need to make explicit why the person is angry. Alternate translation: “Be angry because people are proud, and punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	40	11	vj9f			0	bring him down	Alternate translation: “take away everything he is proud of”
JOB	40	13	se3t	figs-synecdoche		0	their faces	The “face” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB	40	13	y16q	figs-euphemism		0	the hidden place	a euphemism for the place where people’s spirits go when they die (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOB	40	15	t3an			0	behemoth	a large water animal, possibly the hippopotamus
JOB	40	15	zzb3			0	he eats	the behemoth eats
JOB	40	15	h3k4	figs-simile		0	eats grass like an ox	Both the behemoth and the ox eat grass. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	40	16	utj1			0	loins … belly’s muscles	These two phrases refer to the same part of the body.
JOB	40	17	t5ej	figs-simile		0	like a cedar	Cedar is a very hard wood, and his tail becomes very hard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	40	18	g8sh	figs-simile		0	like tubes of bronze	Here, his bones are compared to tubes made of bronze to show how tough this animal is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	40	18	v226	figs-simile		0	like bars of iron	This last comparison describes the strength of this great animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	40	19	kd2r			0	chief of the creatures	Alternate translation: “most important of the creatures” or “strongest of the creatures”
JOB	40	19	c5rb	figs-pronouns		0	the creatures of God. Only God	Yahweh speaks as if he were another person. Alternate translation: “of my creatures. Only I, God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JOB	40	20	f3ru	figs-personification		0	the hills provide him with food	The hills are spoken of as if they were people capable of giving him food. Alternate translation: “food grows on the hills for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	40	21	h567			0	lotus plants	flowering plants that float on the water in swampy areas
JOB	40	21	uth5			0	reeds	tall grasses found in swamps or marshes
JOB	40	22	y4zd			0	lotus plants	flowering plants that float on the water in swampy areas. See how you translated this in [Job 40:19](../40/19.md).
JOB	40	22	k86u			0	willows of the brook	Willows are large trees that grow in damp ground. If they are unknown in your culture, you can use a general term for trees that grow near water.
JOB	40	23	vbe3			0	banks	sides of the river
JOB	40	23	x8nv			0	though the Jordan should surge up to his mouth	Alternate translation: “even if the flood of the Jordan should come up to his mouth”
JOB	40	24	uyb7	figs-rquestion		0	Can anyone capture him with a hook … snare?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can capture him with a hook or pierce his nose through with a snare.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	41	intro	et13			0		# Job 41 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation of Yahweh, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. It is a continuation of the previous chapter.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character and to convince Job to repent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Animals<br><br>There are several animals mentioned in this chapter that do not exist and may never have existed. It may be necessary to leave these names untranslated or to translate their names as adjectives.
JOB	41	1	tg8a	figs-rquestion		0	Can you draw out Leviathan with a fishhook?	God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot draw out Leviathan with a fishhook.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	41	1	f9dw			0	draw out	pull out of the water
JOB	41	1	li7c	figs-ellipsis		0	Or tie up his jaws with a cord?	The words “can you” are understood from the previous question. They can be repeated here. God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Or can you tie up his jaws with a cord?” or “And you know that you cannot tie up his jaws with a cord.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	41	1	t8j2			0	his jaws	Leviathan’s jaws
JOB	41	2	y88e	figs-rquestion		0	Can you put a rope into his nose … with a hook?	God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot put a rope into Leviathan’s nose … with a hook.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	41	3	f3f9	figs-rquestion		0	Will he make many pleas to you?	God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that he will not make pleas to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	41	3	sz4n			0	he	Leviathan
JOB	41	3	d9dm	figs-rquestion		0	Will he speak soft words to you?	God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that he will not speak soft words to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	41	4	bmh5			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to rebuke Job. He uses rhetorical questions to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan.
JOB	41	4	lt8s	figs-rquestion		0	Will he make a covenant with you, that you should take him for a servant forever?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that he will not make a covenant with you, that you should take him for a servant forever.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	41	4	k4da			0	he … him	The words “he” and “him” refer to Leviathan.
JOB	41	5	d2ev	figs-rquestion		0	Will you play with him as you would with a bird?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot play with him as you would play with a bird.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	41	5	kt39	figs-rquestion		0	Will you tie him up for your servant girls?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot tie him up for your servant girls.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	41	6	al1q	figs-rquestion		0	Will the groups of fishermen bargain for him?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that the groups of fishermen will not bargain for him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	41	6	s28m	figs-rquestion		0	Will they divide him up to trade among the merchants?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that they will not divide him up to trade among the merchants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	41	6	z2rx			0	Will they divide	Alternate translation: “Will the groups of fishermen divide”
JOB	41	7	j9ni			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to rebuke Job. He uses rhetorical questions to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan.
JOB	41	7	j5dm	figs-rquestion		0	Can you fill his hide with harpoons or his head with fishing spears?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot pierce his skin with your hunting weapons, nor can you pierce his head with fishing spears.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	41	7	ymn4			0	his	Leviathan’s
JOB	41	7	g9bk			0	harpoons	large spears with barbed points that people use to hunt large sea creatures
JOB	41	8	y27l			0	him	Leviathan
JOB	41	9	pg91			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
JOB	41	9	s2he	figs-activepassive		0	will not anyone be thrown down to the ground just by the sight of him?	This generalization can be translated as a statement in active form. Alternate translation: “Anyone who looks at him will be so frightened that he will throw himself on the ground.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	41	9	x9zn			0	the sight of him	Alternate translation: “by looking at him” or “by seeing him”
JOB	41	10	jk4f			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to rebuke Job by asking him rhetorical questions. He uses rhetorical questions to remind Job that Yahweh is much more powerful than both Leviathan and Job.
JOB	41	10	wj5r	figs-rquestion		0	None is so fierce that he dare stir Leviathan up; who, then, is he who can stand before me?	It would be easier to stir up Leviathan than to stand before Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Since you know that no person is so fierce that he dare stir Leviathan up, you should certainly know that no one can stand before me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	41	11	s27e	figs-rquestion		0	Who has first given anything to me in order that I should repay him?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that no one has first given anything to me, so there is no one whom I need to repay.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	41	12	pqy2	figs-litotes		0	I will not keep silent concerning … nor about … nor about	This can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will certainly speak about … and about … and about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOB	41	12	c6dk			0	concerning Leviathan’s legs, nor about the matter of his strength, nor about his graceful form	These are three things about which God will not keep silent.
JOB	41	12	x2pd			0	his	The word “his” refers to Leviathan.
JOB	41	13	ppr4			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to rebuke Job by asking him rhetorical questions.
JOB	41	13	fp4x	figs-rquestion		0	Who can strip off his outer covering?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can strip off his outer clothing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	41	13	xw7s			0	his … his	Leviathan’s
JOB	41	13	r6zd	figs-metaphor		0	Who can penetrate his double armor?	The word “armor” is a metaphor for the hard scales or hide on his back. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can penetrate his very thick hide.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	41	14	e1dk	figs-rquestion		0	Who can open the doors of his face … terror?	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can pry his jaws apart … terror.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	41	15	wa6c	figs-metaphor		0	shields	The word “shields” is a metaphor for Leviathan’s hide. Both shields and Leviathan’s hide protect well and deflect arrows and other weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	41	15	s54h			0	tight together as with a close seal	This means the “shields” are very close to one another and nothing can get between them.
JOB	41	16	jl62			0	One is so near to another	One row of shields is so near to another ([Job 41:15](../41/15.md)).
JOB	41	16	cs18			0	between them	between the rows of shields ([Job 41:15](../41/15.md))
JOB	41	17	z5wz			0	They … they … they	the rows of shields ([Job 41:15](../41/15.md)).
JOB	41	17	x9sg	figs-activepassive		0	they cannot be pulled apart	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can pull them apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	41	18	tbj3			0	from his snorting	A snort is a sound like a short snore. Another possible meaning is “from his sneezing” or “when he sneezes.” Alternate translation: “when he snorts”
JOB	41	18	wjz6	figs-simile		0	his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning dawn	This means that his eyes are red as the morning dawn is red. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	41	18	vs55			0	his	The word “his” refers to Leviathan.
JOB	41	19	mp8p	figs-parallelism		0	Out of his mouth go burning torches, sparks of fire leap out	God expresses the same idea in two different ways in order to emphasize the terrifying appearance of Leviathan. You can make this clear by adding the omitted words. Alternate translation: “Out of his mouth go burning torches, sparks of fire leap out of his mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOB	41	19	pl7d			0	his	The word “his” refers to Leviathan.
JOB	41	20	pqy7			0	nostrils	the two openings of the nose
JOB	41	20	uk6d	figs-simile		0	smoke like a boiling pot	Both the smoke and a boiling pot are very hot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	41	21	lgl1			0	kindles coals into flame	Alternate translation: “causes coals to catch fire”
JOB	41	22	xx91			0	his … him	The words “his” and “him” refer to Leviathan.
JOB	41	22	lw67	figs-abstractnouns		0	terror dances in front of him	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “be afraid.” Alternate translation: “when people see him coming, they are very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	41	23	uak5	figs-activepassive		0	they cannot be moved	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can move them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	41	24	b1b7	figs-simile		0	His heart is as hard as a stone	A rock or stone does not change and become soft. This could mean: (1) Leviathan’s physical chest and the organs inside it are physically hard or (2) Leviathan is not afraid of anything or (3) Leviathan is spoken of as a person who kills without ever being sorry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	41	24	ja7y			0	a lower millstone	“the hardest of rocks.” The lower millstone is the larger and harder of the two rocks used to grind grain. It would be the hardest rock people could find.
JOB	41	25	u1vw			0	he … himself	Leviathan
JOB	41	25	ygt1			0	the gods	This could mean: (1) “mighty people” or (2) “very strong people” .
JOB	41	26	m7ws			0	strikes him	strikes Leviathan
JOB	41	27	hml3	figs-simile		0	He thinks of iron as if it were straw	“He thinks of weapons made of iron as if they were weapons made of straw.” Straw would not get through his hide, and iron weapons do not get through his hide. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	41	27	uu6e	figs-ellipsis		0	of bronze as if it were rotten wood	You can make this clear by adding the omitted words. Alternate translation: “he thinks of weapons made of bronze as if they were weapons made of rotten wood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	41	28	jl4x	figs-metaphor		0	to him sling stones become chaff	Chaff cannot hurt Leviathan, and sling stones are just as ineffective as chaff. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	41	28	w7pl			0	him … him	Leviathan
JOB	41	29	zzu4	figs-activepassive		0	Clubs are regarded as straw	A club made of straw would not hurt him, and a club made of wood would not hurt him. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “He thinks of clubs as if they were straw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	41	29	yn7y	figs-personification		0	he laughs at the whirring flight of a spear	The person throwing the spear hopes that the spear will kill Leviathan, but the writer speaks as if Leviathan knows the spear will not kill him and so laughs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	41	29	rx15			0	he laughs	Leviathan laughs
JOB	41	30	jdd9			0	His … he … he	These words refer to Leviathan.
JOB	41	30	sy31	figs-simile		0	he leaves a spreading trail in the mud as if he were a threshing sledge	Just as a threshing sledge goes over grain on a threshing floor and turns it to powder, so Leviathan’s tail leaves a trail in the mud as he wags it when he walks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	41	31	p2f1			0	He makes the deep to foam up like a pot of boiling water	Alternate translation: “As he passes through the water, he leaves a trail of bubbles behind him, like the bubbling of boiling water in a pot”
JOB	41	31	bj7m			0	He	The word “he” refers to Leviathan.
JOB	41	31	z9pu	figs-simile		0	he makes the sea like a pot of ointment	The ointment in a pot is cloudy if someone shakes it, and the sea is muddy when Leviathan swims in it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB	41	32	xdy6			0	one would think the deep had gray hair	This is because the bubbles in his wake are white.
JOB	41	33	p5t9			0	there is no equal to him	Alternate translation: “no other creature is like Leviathan”
JOB	41	33	f5nc			0	him	Leviathan
JOB	41	34	b5cm			0	He sees everything that is proud	Alternate translation: “He is very, very proud”
JOB	41	34	c959	figs-personification		0	he is king over all the sons of pride	Leviathan is spoken of as if he were a person who is able to become king and be proud. Alternate translation: “Leviathan has more reason to be proud than anyone else on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB	41	34	n88z			0	He … he	Leviathan
JOB	42	intro	g9q6			0		# Job 42 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 42:1-6, which is an extended quotation of Job, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.<br><br>Having faced the temptation to curse Yahweh, and after being rebuked by him, in the end Job shows his complete trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tempt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Justice<br>Yahweh enacts justice at the end of this book. He punishes Job’s friends and restores Job’s blessings. Yahweh’s blessing was not dependent upon Job’s repentance, but upon Yahweh’s grace. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]])
JOB	42	2	bdu3	figs-ellipsis		0	I know that you can do all things, that no purpose of yours can be stopped	You may want to repeat the words “I know.” Alternate translation: “I know that you can do all things. I know that no purpose of yours can be stopped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOB	42	2	wu37	figs-activepassive		0	no purpose of yours can be stopped	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can stop any of your plans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB	42	3	b75d	figs-rquestion		0	Who is this	The ULT and most modern versions agree that Job is loosely quoting God’s own words from [Job 38:2](../38/02.md). You may decide, as does the UST, to make it clear that God asked this question of Job and that Job is now remembering it. Alternate translation: “You said to me, ‘Who is this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB	42	3	en66	figs-explicit		0	conceals plans	That is, hides or misrepresents God’s plans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB	42	5	gp4a	figs-metaphor		0	but now my eye sees you	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents understanding. Alternate translation: “but now I really understand you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	42	6	y9x9	figs-metonymy		0	despise myself	Job’s self is a metonym for what he said. Alternate translation: “I despise the things I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	42	6	d1wv			0	despise	intensely dislike
JOB	42	6	p13d	translate-symaction		0	I repent in dust and ashes	Sitting in dust and ashes is a symbolic act showing the person is sorry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB	42	7	bj1v			0	It came about that	This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JOB	42	7	izh1			0	Eliphaz the Temanite	See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md)
JOB	42	7	snw3	figs-metaphor		0	My wrath is kindled against you	Fire is a metaphor for anger, and starting a fire is a metaphor for becoming angry. Alternate translation: “I have become very angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB	42	8	fh9u	translate-numbers		0	seven bulls	“7 bulls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOB	42	8	vy3t	figs-abstractnouns		0	so that I may not deal with you after your folly	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **folly**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “even though you have been very foolish, I will not punish you as you deserve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB	42	9	h2t8			0	Bildad the Shuhite	See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md)
JOB	42	9	tm97			0	Zophar the Naamathite	See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md)
JOB	42	9	l5p5	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh accepted Job	The person is a metonym for the prayer he prays. Alternate translation: “God accepted Job’s prayer for his three friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB	42	10	khw7			0	Yahweh restored his fortunes	Alternate translation: “Yahweh restored his riches” or “Yahweh restored his wealth”
JOB	42	11	nlf5			0	all who knew him before	Alternate translation: “all the people he had known before”
JOB	42	12	bw3a	figs-ellipsis		0	more than the first	The words “he blesed” and “of Job’s life” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated here Alternate translation: “more than he blessed the first part of Job’s life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOB	42	12	ud3i	translate-numbers		0	fourteen thousand sheep	14,000 sheep (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOB	42	12	qax5	translate-numbers		0	six thousand camels	6,000 camels (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOB	42	12	g7yp	translate-numbers		0	one thousand yoke of oxen	1,000 yoke of oxen (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOB	42	13	z7x9	translate-numbers		0	seven sons and three daughters	7 sons and 3 daughters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOB	42	14	xd1h	translate-names		0	Jemimah … Keziah … Keren-Happuch	women’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB	42	15	l9nw			0	no women were found as beautiful as Job’s daughters	Alternate translation: “Job’s daughters were more beautiful than all the other women”
JOB	42	16	s5ni	translate-numbers		0	lived 140 years	“lived 140 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOB	42	17	d827	figs-doublet		0	being old and full of days	The words “full of days” means basically the same thing as “being old.” The two phrases form a common idiom. Alternate translation: “a very old man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])