See in Reader
227 KiB
227 KiB
| 1 | Book | Chapter | Verse | ID | SupportReference | OrigQuote | Occurrence | GLQuote | OccurrenceNote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | JOS | front | intro | syt5 | 0 | # Introduction to Joshua<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Joshua<br><br>1. Conquest of the land of Canaan (1:1–12:24)<br> * Preparation for conquest; spies; crossing the Jordan River (1:1–5:1)<br> * Ceremonies at Gilgal; conquest of Jericho and Ai (5:2–8:29)<br> * The covenant affirmed at Shechem (8:30–35)<br> * Southern and central campaigns; northern campaigns (9:1–12:24)<br>1. Settlement in the Promised Land; division of the land (13:1–22:34)<br>1. Joshua’s final days (23:1–24:33)<br><br>### What is the Book of Joshua about?<br><br>The Book of Joshua is about the Israelites entering and occupying the Promised Land. Joshua was the leader that replaced Moses. He led the Israelites as they fought the people living in the Promised Land. This book also tells how the Israelites divided the land among the twelve tribes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>This book traditionally has the title “Joshua” because Joshua leads the people of Israel after Moses dies. Translators may create a title such as “The Book About When Joshua Led Israel.” Translators should avoid a title that suggests Joshua as the writer of the book.<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Joshua?<br><br>The book does not tell who wrote it. However, some verses in the book indicate that Joshua may have written at least part of it. Since ancient times, Jews have thought that Joshua wrote most of the book.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### How does the Book of Joshua present the cause of historical events?<br><br>In the ancient Near East, people assumed that gods caused world events to happen in a certain way. The Book of Joshua has some similarities with this view, but there are important differences. The events in the Book of Joshua occurred because Yahweh promised the Israelites that he would give them the Promised Land. What happened also depended on whether or not the Israelites obeyed Yahweh.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What does the phrase “to this day” mean?<br><br>This phrase was used by the writer to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” refers to a time already passed. He must avoid giving the impression to readers that “to this day” means “to the present day.” The translator might decide to say “to this day, at the time when this was being written,” or “to this day, at the time of writing.” This Hebrew phrase occurs in Joshua 4:9; 6:25; 7:26; 8:28, 29; 10:27; 13:13; 14:14; 15:63; 16:10.<br><br>### What does the phrase “all Israel” mean?<br><br>This phrase appears many times in the Book of Joshua, but it does not always mean every person in the nation of Israel. At times it means the Israelite army. At other times it means the representatives of the twelve tribes of Israel. In still other passages, it probably means a large number of the people in the nation of Israel.<br><br>### When should Joshua be translated?<br><br>The Book of Joshua should probably not be translated before Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. This is because the historical events of Joshua will not be understood without the information in these previous books. | |||
| 3 | JOS | 1 | intro | r7gc | 0 | # Joshua 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter appears to be a natural continuation of the book of Deuteronomy.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Be strong and Courageous<br><br>Joshua is often told, “Be strong and courageous.” This repeated encouragement is on purpose and may indicate Joshua will need help in the future. | |||
| 4 | JOS | 1 | 1 | s8u5 | יְהוָ֑ה | 1 | Yahweh | This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. | |
| 5 | JOS | 1 | 1 | eka2 | translate-names | נ֔וּן | 1 | Nun | Joshua’s father (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 6 | JOS | 1 | 2 | le23 | figs-idiom | עֲבֹ֜ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַזֶּ֗ה | 1 | cross over this Jordan | To “cross over” means “go to the opposite bank of the river.” Alternate translation: “travel from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 7 | JOS | 1 | 2 | vix4 | figs-you | אַתָּה֙ וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה | 1 | you and all this people | The word “you” here refers to Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 8 | JOS | 1 | 3 | v1l7 | figs-pastforfuture | כָּל־מָק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּדְרֹ֧ךְ כַּֽף־רַגְלְכֶ֛ם בּ֖וֹ לָכֶ֣ם נְתַתִּ֑יו | 1 | I have given you every place | God giving the land to the Israelites in the future is spoken of as if he gave it to them in the past. This emphasizes that he will certainly give it to them. Alternate translation: “I will give to you every place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) |
| 9 | JOS | 1 | 3 | xjc9 | figs-you | בּ֖וֹ לָכֶ֣ם נְתַתִּ֑יו | 1 | I have given you | The word “you” refers to both Joshua and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 10 | JOS | 1 | 3 | t94e | figs-idiom | כָּל־מָק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּדְרֹ֧ךְ כַּֽף־רַגְלְכֶ֛ם | 1 | every place where the sole of your foot will walk | This refers to all the places Joshua and the Israelites will travel when they cross the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “everywhere you go in this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 11 | JOS | 1 | 4 | nbe3 | figs-you | גְּבוּלְכֶֽם | 1 | your land | The word “your” refers to the tribes of Israel and not only Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 12 | JOS | 1 | 5 | w48w | figs-you | יִתְיַצֵּ֥ב…לְפָנֶ֔יךָ | 1 | to stand before you | In verse 5 the words “you” and “your” refer to Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 13 | JOS | 1 | 5 | iq2e | figs-doublet | לֹ֥א אַרְפְּךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א אֶעֶזְבֶֽךָּ | 1 | I will not abandon you or leave you | The words “abandon” and “leave” mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that he will not do these things. Alternate translation: “I will certainly stay with you always” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 14 | JOS | 1 | 6 | a5yc | figs-imperative | 0 | General Information: | Yahweh gives Joshua a series of commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) | |
| 15 | JOS | 1 | 6 | gn34 | figs-imperative | חֲזַ֖ק וֶאֱמָ֑ץ | 1 | Be strong and courageous | Yahweh commands Joshua to overcome his fears with courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) |
| 16 | JOS | 1 | 7 | db9m | figs-imperative | אַל־תָּס֥וּר מִמֶּ֖נּוּ יָמִ֣ין וּשְׂמֹ֑אול | 1 | Do not turn from it to the right or to the left | This can be stated as a positive command. Alternate translation: “Follow it exactly” or “Follow them exactly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) |
| 17 | JOS | 1 | 7 | jy5x | תַּשְׂכִּ֔יל | 1 | be successful | Alternate translation: “achieve your goal” or “reach your goal” | |
| 18 | JOS | 1 | 8 | lcs7 | figs-doublet | תַּצְלִ֥יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֖ךָ וְאָ֥ז תַּשְׂכִּֽיל | 1 | prosperous and successful | These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize great prosperity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 19 | JOS | 1 | 9 | vt4l | figs-rquestion | הֲל֤וֹא צִוִּיתִ֨יךָ֙ | 1 | Have I not commanded you? | This refers to Yahweh commanding Joshua. Alternate translation: “I have commanded you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 20 | JOS | 1 | 9 | fnz8 | figs-imperative | חֲזַ֣ק וֶאֱמָ֔ץ | 1 | Be strong and courageous! | Yahweh is commanding Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) |
| 21 | JOS | 1 | 10 | b59x | figs-explicit | הָעָ֖ם | 1 | the people | This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 22 | JOS | 1 | 11 | f3rg | figs-quotesinquotes | עִבְר֣וּ׀ בְּקֶ֣רֶב הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֗ה וְצַוּ֤וּ אֶת־הָעָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הָכִ֥ינוּ לָכֶ֖ם צֵידָ֑ה כִּ֞י בְּע֣וֹד׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֗ים אַתֶּם֙ עֹֽבְרִים֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַזֶּ֔ה לָבוֹא֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶ֖ם לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ | 1 | Go through the camp and command the people, ‘Prepare … possess.’ | Embedded quotes can be expressed as indirect quotes. Alternate translation: “Go through the camp and command the people to prepare provisions for themselves. In three days they will cross over this Jordan and go in and possess the land that Yahweh their God is giving them to possess.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
| 23 | JOS | 1 | 11 | ck8h | בְּע֣וֹד׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֗ים | 1 | In three days | Here Joshua was counting his present day as day one. Alternate translation: “Two days from now” or “On the day after tomorrow” | |
| 24 | JOS | 1 | 11 | wg1e | figs-idiom | עֹֽבְרִים֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֣ן | 1 | cross over this Jordan | “cross over” refers to going to the opposite side of the river. Alternate translation: “travel to the other side of the Jordan River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 25 | JOS | 1 | 12 | uji6 | figs-explicit | 0 | General Information: | The tribes of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh chose to settle east of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 26 | JOS | 1 | 12 | fx7h | translate-names | וְלָרֽאוּבֵנִי֙ | 1 | Reubenites | These were the descendants of Reuben. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 27 | JOS | 1 | 12 | z8vh | translate-names | וְלַגָּדִ֔י | 1 | Gadites | These were the decendants of Gad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 28 | JOS | 1 | 14 | tf68 | טַפְּכֶם֮ | 1 | your little ones | Alternate translation: “your little children” | |
| 29 | JOS | 1 | 14 | fb4d | figs-idiom | בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן | 1 | beyond the Jordan | This refers to the east side of the Jordan River. Later most of the Israelites would live west of the Jordan, so they called the east side “beyond the Jordan.” But at this time they were all still on the east side. Alternate translation: “east of the Jordan River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 30 | JOS | 1 | 15 | b5yt | figs-idiom | אֲשֶׁר־יָנִ֨יחַ…לַֽאֲחֵיכֶם֮ | 1 | given your brothers rest | This refers to Israel defeating all their enemies residing in Canaan that they were to conquer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 31 | JOS | 1 | 15 | g4ez | וְשַׁבְתֶּ֞ם לְאֶ֤רֶץ יְרֻשַּׁתְכֶם֙ וִֽירִשְׁתֶּ֣ם | 1 | you will … possess it | This refers to living out their life on the land in peace. | |
| 32 | JOS | 1 | 15 | rrj2 | figs-idiom | בְּעֵ֥בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן מִזְרַ֥ח הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ | 1 | beyond the Jordan, where the sun rises | This refers to the east side of the Jordan river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 33 | JOS | 1 | 16 | c7t9 | 0 | General Information: | These Isrelites were specifically the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh that replied to Joshua. | ||
| 34 | JOS | 1 | 18 | rel4 | figs-parallelism | יַמְרֶ֣ה אֶת־פִּ֗יךָ וְלֹֽא־יִשְׁמַ֧ע אֶת־דְּבָרֶ֛יךָ | 1 | rebels against your commands and disobeys your words | These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that any form of disobedience will be punished. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 35 | JOS | 1 | 18 | lbc3 | figs-activepassive | יוּמָ֑ת | 1 | will be put to death | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we will put to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 36 | JOS | 1 | 18 | zez7 | figs-parallelism | חֲזַ֥ק וֶאֱמָֽץ | 1 | be strong and courageous | Israel and God considered both traits important for Joshua to pursue as their leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 37 | JOS | 2 | intro | vg4m | 0 | # Joshua 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the story of the conquest of the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Rahab’s faith<br><br>Rahab expressed her faith in Yahweh. The statement “for Yahweh your God, he is God in heaven above and on the earth below” is a recognition of her faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>The Israelites were to completely destroy the evil Canaanites. They are compared to melting snow: “…melting away because of us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) | |||
| 38 | JOS | 2 | 1 | ig8n | translate-names | נ֠וּן | 1 | Nun | This is Joshua’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 39 | JOS | 2 | 1 | w886 | translate-names | הַשִּׁטִּ֞ים | 1 | Shittim | This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means “Acacia Trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 40 | JOS | 2 | 1 | z78b | מְרַגְּלִים֙ | 1 | as spies | These men were to visit the land to gain information on how Israel should conquer the land. | |
| 41 | JOS | 2 | 4 | k613 | 0 | General Information: | Rahab the prostitute protects the two Israelite spies from harm. | ||
| 42 | JOS | 2 | 4 | l15y | וַתִּקַּ֧ח הָֽאִשָּׁ֛ה אֶת־שְׁנֵ֥י הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וַֽתִּצְפְּנ֑וֹ | 1 | But the woman had taken the two men and hidden them | This happened before the king’s messenger spoke to her. | |
| 43 | JOS | 2 | 4 | am3m | הָֽאִשָּׁ֛ה | 1 | the woman | This refers to Rahab, the prostitute. | |
| 44 | JOS | 2 | 5 | j3x6 | בַּחֹ֨שֶׁךְ֙ | 1 | dusk | This is the time that day begins to change to the darkness of night. | |
| 45 | JOS | 2 | 6 | l5zb | writing-background | וְהִ֖יא הֶעֱלָ֣תַם הַגָּ֑גָה וַֽתִּטְמְנֵם֙ בְּפִשְׁתֵּ֣י הָעֵ֔ץ הָעֲרֻכ֥וֹת לָ֖הּ עַל־הַגָּֽג | 1 | But she had taken them … on the roof | This is background information and explains how she had hidden the men in [Joshua 2:4](../02/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
| 46 | JOS | 2 | 6 | st56 | הַגָּ֑גָה | 1 | the roof | The roof was flat and strong, so people could walk around on it. | |
| 47 | JOS | 2 | 6 | b99c | בְּפִשְׁתֵּ֣י | 1 | flax | a plant that is grown for its fibers, which is used in making cloth | |
| 48 | JOS | 2 | 7 | kdj3 | וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים רָדְפ֤וּ אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙ | 1 | the men pursued them | The men pursued the spies because of what Rahab had told them in [Joshua 2:5](../02/05.md). | |
| 49 | JOS | 2 | 7 | p4sx | הַֽמַּעְבְּר֑וֹת | 1 | fords | places where a river or other body of water is shallow enough for people to get to the other side by walking through it | |
| 50 | JOS | 2 | 8 | ds5e | figs-idiom | טֶ֣רֶם יִשְׁכָּב֑וּן | 1 | not yet lain down | This refers to going to sleep for the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 51 | JOS | 2 | 9 | t8zy | figs-you | יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ | 1 | I know that Yahweh has given you the land | The word “you” refers to the all the Israelite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 52 | JOS | 2 | 9 | xr6a | figs-metaphor | נָפְלָ֤ה אֵֽימַתְכֶם֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ | 1 | fear of you has come upon us | Becoming afraid is spoken of as if feat came and attacked them. Alternate translation: “we have become afraid of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 53 | JOS | 2 | 9 | u74z | figs-metaphor | נָמֹ֛גוּ…מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם | 1 | will melt away before you | This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. Possible meanings are 1) they will be weak in the Israelites’ presence or 2) they will be scattered. Alternate translation: “will be so afraid that they will not resist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 54 | JOS | 2 | 10 | bcm2 | יַם־סוּף֙ | 1 | the Sea of Reeds | This is another name for the Red Sea. | |
| 55 | JOS | 2 | 10 | c6i6 | translate-names | לְסִיחֹ֣ן וּלְע֔וֹג | 1 | Sihon … Og | These are the names of the Amorite kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 56 | JOS | 2 | 11 | qx6v | figs-doublet | וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבֵ֔נוּ וְלֹא־קָ֨מָה ע֥וֹד ר֛וּחַ בְּאִ֖ישׁ | 1 | our hearts melted and there was no courage left in anyone | These two phrases share similar meanings, combined for emphasis. The phrase “our hearts melted” compares the hearts of the fearful people of Jericho to ice melting and flowing away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 57 | JOS | 2 | 12 | nmi4 | figs-parallelism | הִשָּֽׁבְעוּ־נָ֥א לִי֙…וּנְתַתֶּ֥ם לִ֖י א֥וֹת אֱמֶֽת | 1 | please swear to me … Give me a sure sign | These are similar statements of Rahab seeking assurance from the spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 58 | JOS | 2 | 12 | nh3t | figs-you | עָשִׂ֥יתִי עִמָּכֶ֖ם חָ֑סֶד | 1 | I have been kind to you | The word “you” refers to the two spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 59 | JOS | 2 | 13 | m6i6 | figs-euphemism | וְהַחֲיִתֶ֞ם אֶת־…וְהִצַּלְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵ֖ינוּ מִמָּֽוֶת | 1 | spare the lives … save us from death | a polite way of saying “do not to kill us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
| 60 | JOS | 2 | 14 | ji8q | 0 | General Information: | The Israelite spies make the promise which Rahab asked for in [Joshua 2:12](../02/12.md) | ||
| 61 | JOS | 2 | 14 | yb7i | figs-idiom | נַפְשֵׁ֤נוּ תַחְתֵּיכֶם֙ לָמ֔וּת | 1 | Our life for yours, even to death | This idiom is a way of swearing and asking God to curse them if they do not keep their promise. Alternate translation: “If we do not do what we promise, may Yahweh cause us to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 62 | JOS | 2 | 15 | b3dr | 0 | General Information: | The Israelite spies continue to talk to Rahab. | ||
| 63 | JOS | 2 | 17 | dmh8 | figs-hypo | 1 | This expresses a condition for the promise the spies had made to Rahab. The word, “this,” refers to “tie this scarlet rope in the window” in [Joshua 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) | ||
| 64 | JOS | 2 | 18 | e4iw | 0 | General Information: | The Israelite spies continue talking to Rahab. | ||
| 65 | JOS | 2 | 18 | x2n8 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | The Israelite spies clarify the condition they expressed in [Joshua 2:15](../02/15.md). | ||
| 66 | JOS | 2 | 19 | vdc9 | figs-hypo | כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵא֩ מִדַּלְתֵ֨י | 1 | Whoever goes out of the doors of your house | This phrase expresses a condition, creating a hypothetical situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 67 | JOS | 2 | 19 | k27w | figs-metonymy | דָּמ֥וֹ בְרֹאשׁ֖וֹ | 1 | blood will be upon their own heads | Here “blood” represents a person’s death. To be responsible for their own death is spoken of as if their blood would be on their heads. Alternate translation: “their death will be their own fault” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 68 | JOS | 2 | 19 | m728 | וַאֲנַ֣חְנוּ נְקִיִּ֑ם | 1 | we will be guiltless | Alternate translation: “we will be innocent” | |
| 69 | JOS | 2 | 19 | qg47 | figs-euphemism | אִם־יָ֖ד תִּֽהְיֶה־בּֽוֹ | 1 | if a hand is laid upon any | Here “a hand is laid upon” is a polite way of referring to causing someone injury. Alternate translation: “if we cause injury to any” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
| 70 | JOS | 2 | 20 | ew4z | 0 | General Information: | The two Israelite spies continue to speak to Rahab about their promise to her. The spies required Rahab to remain silent about their visit or they would be free from their oath to protect her family. | ||
| 71 | JOS | 2 | 20 | e659 | figs-you | וְאִם־תַּגִּ֖ידִי | 1 | if you speak | “You” refers to Rahab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 72 | JOS | 2 | 21 | uxw6 | כְּדִבְרֵיכֶ֣ם כֶּן | 1 | May what you say be done | Rahab agreed to their terms of the oath to protect her family. | |
| 73 | JOS | 2 | 22 | gjr5 | 0 | General Information: | The two Israelites spies leave Jericho. | ||
| 74 | JOS | 2 | 22 | a2i7 | figs-explicit | שָׁ֖בוּ הָרֹדְפִ֑ים | 1 | their pursuers returned | It may be helpful to say they returned to Jericho. Alternate translation: “their pursuers returned to the city of Jericho” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 75 | JOS | 2 | 22 | y2rj | וְלֹ֥א מָצָֽאוּ | 1 | found nothing | This refers to the men not finding the spies. | |
| 76 | JOS | 2 | 23 | zps9 | figs-explicit | וַיָּשֻׁ֜בוּ שְׁנֵ֤י הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ | 1 | The two men returned | The two men returned back to the Israelite’s camp. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 77 | JOS | 2 | 23 | y6et | figs-doublet | וַיָּשֻׁ֜בוּ…וַיֵּרְד֣וּ…וַיַּעַבְרוּ֙ וַיָּבֹ֔אוּ | 1 | returned and crossed over and came back | These are similar expressions referring to returning to where the Israelite’s are camped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 78 | JOS | 2 | 23 | u3is | figs-idiom | וַיַּעַבְרוּ֙ | 1 | crossed over | “cross over” means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “traveled from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 79 | JOS | 2 | 23 | i2bk | translate-names | נ֑וּן | 1 | Nun | This is a male name; the father of Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 80 | JOS | 2 | 23 | cv1w | אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַמֹּצְא֖וֹת אוֹתָֽם | 1 | everything that had happened to them | Alternate translation: “all that the men had experienced and seen.” | |
| 81 | JOS | 2 | 24 | rk66 | בְּיָדֵ֖נוּ | 1 | our | This word, “us,” refers to Israel. | |
| 82 | JOS | 2 | 24 | eh7s | figs-metaphor | יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ | 1 | inhabitants of the land are melting away | The people of the land toward Israel are like a substance that melts in the presence of heat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 83 | JOS | 3 | intro | qs85 | 0 | # Joshua 3 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God dries the Jordan River<br><br>Joshua told the people “Dedicate yourselves to Yahweh tomorrow, for Yahweh will do wonders among you.” The conquest of the Promised Land is accomplished through the supernatural power of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) | |||
| 84 | JOS | 3 | 1 | ct91 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּם֩ | 1 | got up | The phrase, “got up,” means to “awaken.” | |
| 85 | JOS | 3 | 1 | y8kd | מֵֽהַשִּׁטִּ֗ים | 1 | Shittim | A place in the land of Moab, west of the Jordan River where the Israelites were camped before their entry into the promised land, Canaan. | |
| 86 | JOS | 3 | 2 | wz25 | הַשֹּׁטְרִ֖ים | 1 | officers | These are people holding a position of command or authority. | |
| 87 | JOS | 3 | 3 | ghy1 | figs-metonymy | אֶת־הָעָ֣ם | 1 | people | This is the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 88 | JOS | 3 | 4 | tn3h | translate-bdistance | כְּאַלְפַּ֥יִם אַמָּ֖ה | 1 | two thousand cubits | “2,000 cubits.” The word “cubit” is a measurement equaling the distance from the elbow to the finger tips. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 89 | JOS | 3 | 5 | hy6c | הִתְקַדָּ֑שׁוּ | 1 | Consecrate yourselves | This refers to a special preparation of being religiously clean before Yahweh. | |
| 90 | JOS | 3 | 5 | wz6l | יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֖ם נִפְלָאֽוֹת | 1 | Yahweh will do wonders | Yahweh will be doing miracles for all to see and experience. | |
| 91 | JOS | 3 | 6 | ts4p | שְׂאוּ֙ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן | 1 | Take up the ark | This is referring to the levites picking up the ark for the purpose of carrying it from one location to another. | |
| 92 | JOS | 3 | 7 | u6dt | 0 | General Information: | Yahweh tells Joshua what the priest are to do. | ||
| 93 | JOS | 3 | 7 | q8ud | figs-metaphor | אָחֵל֙ גַּדֶּלְךָ֔ בְּעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל | 1 | I will make you a great man in the eyes of all Israel | The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “the people will see what I do and realize that I have made you a great man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 94 | JOS | 3 | 8 | b797 | קְצֵה֙ מֵ֣י הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן | 1 | edge of the waters of the Jordan | Joshua is to approach the bank or edge of the Jordan River. | |
| 95 | JOS | 3 | 9 | pd66 | 0 | General Information: | Joshua tells Israel what Yahweh is about to do | ||
| 96 | JOS | 3 | 10 | u9w6 | figs-metaphor | וְהוֹרֵ֣שׁ יוֹרִ֣ישׁ מִ֠פְּנֵיכֶם | 1 | drive out from before you | Yahweh will force the other people living on the land to leave or be killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 97 | JOS | 3 | 11 | zex2 | figs-idiom | עֹבֵ֥ר | 1 | crosses over | “cross over” means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “will travel from this side to the opposite side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 98 | JOS | 3 | 12 | u1wg | 0 | General Information: | Just as Israel’s fathers experience crossing the Red Sea, these people will experience crossing the Jordan river on dry land. | ||
| 99 | JOS | 3 | 13 | bej3 | כַּפּ֣וֹת רַגְלֵ֣י | 1 | the soles of the feet | This refers to the bottom of their feet. | |
| 100 | JOS | 3 | 13 | u9rl | מִלְמָ֑עְלָה | 1 | upstream | This word refers to the direction the Jordan River water is flowing toward Israel. | |
| 101 | JOS | 3 | 13 | s6ud | וְיַעַמְד֖וּ נֵ֥ד אֶחָֽד | 1 | stand in one heap | The water will stay in one spot or place. It will not flow around the priests. | |
| 102 | JOS | 3 | 15 | nhu7 | figs-synecdoche | בִּקְצֵ֣ה הַמָּ֑יִם | 1 | edge of the water | This can refer to the surface of the water as well as the bank where the water flows to dry land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 103 | JOS | 3 | 15 | mu2b | writing-background | וְהַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן מָלֵא֙ עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָ֔יו כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י קָצִֽיר | 1 | now the Jordan overflows all its banks throughout the time of the harvest | This is background information and it emphasizes the scale of what Yahweh is doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
| 104 | JOS | 3 | 17 | tg4f | figs-explicit | הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן | 1 | the Jordan | This refers to the Jordan River bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 105 | JOS | 3 | 17 | w7z6 | figs-idiom | עֹֽבְרִים֙ | 1 | crossed over | This phrase means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “traveled from this side to the opposite side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 106 | JOS | 4 | intro | eh7p | 0 | # Joshua 4 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s war<br>The conquering of the Promised Land was a special war. It was God’s war against the people of Canaan and Joshua recognized that they would only be victorious through Yahweh’s power. This is why their first act after crossing the Jordan River was to build an altar. This war was a witness to Yahweh’s power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) | |||
| 107 | JOS | 4 | 1 | yem9 | figs-pronouns | 0 | General Information: | Though Yahweh was speaking directly to Joshua, all occurrences of you include Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) | |
| 108 | JOS | 4 | 1 | h2p6 | figs-idiom | לַעֲב֖וֹר | 1 | crossed over | The words “crossed over” refer to going to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “went across” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 109 | JOS | 4 | 1 | lz4a | figs-explicit | אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן | 1 | the Jordan | the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 110 | JOS | 4 | 3 | g6yc | figs-quotesinquotes | וְצַוּ֣וּ אוֹתָם֮ לֵאמֹר֒ שְׂאֽוּ־לָכֶ֨ם מִזֶּ֜ה מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן מִמַּצַּב֙ רַגְלֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים הָכִ֖ין שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אֲבָנִ֑ים וְהַעֲבַרְתֶּ֤ם אוֹתָם֙ עִמָּכֶ֔ם וְהִנַּחְתֶּ֣ם אוֹתָ֔ם בַּמָּל֕וֹן אֲשֶׁר־תָּלִ֥ינוּ ב֖וֹ הַלָּֽיְלָה | 1 | Give them this command: ‘…‘ | The nested quote can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Give them this command to take up twelve stones from the middle of the Jordan where the priests are standing on the dry ground, and bring them over with you and lay them down in the place where you will spend the night tonight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
| 111 | JOS | 4 | 4 | r99r | 0 | General Information: | Joshua tells the twelve men what to do. | ||
| 112 | JOS | 4 | 5 | wr9d | figs-explicit | אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְהָרִ֨ימוּ לָכֶ֜ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶ֤בֶן אַחַת֙ עַל־שִׁכְמ֔וֹ | 1 | into the middle of the Jordan. Each of you is to take up a stone upon his shoulder | Each of the twelve men were to pick up a large stone from the Jordan River bed and carry them to the other side to build a monument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 113 | JOS | 4 | 6 | v6tn | 0 | General Information: | Joshua tells Israel what the pile of twelve stones mean. | ||
| 114 | JOS | 4 | 7 | bq5m | figs-activepassive | נִכְרְת֜וּ מֵימֵ֤י הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ מִפְּנֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֔ה | 1 | The waters of the Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of Yahweh | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh cut off the waters of the Jordan in front of the ark of his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 115 | JOS | 4 | 7 | gsy5 | נִכְרְת֜וּ מֵימֵ֤י הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ | 1 | The waters of the Jordan were | Alternate translation: “The Jordan River was” | |
| 116 | JOS | 4 | 7 | ew13 | נִכְרְת֜וּ…מִפְּנֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן | 1 | were cut off before the ark | The Jordan River was prevented by God from flowing up to the ark that was being carried by the priests. | |
| 117 | JOS | 4 | 7 | ww74 | נִכְרְת֜וּ מֵימֵ֤י הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ | 1 | the waters of the Jordan were cut off | The water flowing down the Jordan River stopped before the ark so everyone including the ark traveled on the dry river bed. | |
| 118 | JOS | 4 | 8 | q4qp | 0 | General Information: | Joshua and Israel continue to do as Yahweh commanded. | ||
| 119 | JOS | 4 | 8 | f69z | figs-explicit | וַיִּשְׂא֡וּ שְׁתֵּֽי־עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה אֲבָנִ֜ים מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן | 1 | they picked up twelve stones from the middle of the Jordan | This refers to the twelve men picking up stones from the middle of the Jordan River bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 120 | JOS | 4 | 9 | igh8 | figs-explicit | וּשְׁתֵּ֧ים עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אֲבָנִ֗ים הֵקִ֣ים יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ | 1 | Then Joshua set up twelve stones in the middle of the Jordan | These were twelve additional stones, not the stones that the twelve men carried from the river bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 121 | JOS | 4 | 9 | yb3y | וַיִּ֣הְיוּ שָׁ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה | 1 | The memorial is there to this day | This means the memorial was there to the day that the author was writing this book. | |
| 122 | JOS | 4 | 10 | reg9 | הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ | 1 | the Jordan | This refers to the Jordan River. | |
| 123 | JOS | 4 | 10 | bl85 | figs-metonymy | הָעָ֖ם | 1 | the people | This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 124 | JOS | 4 | 10 | er8c | figs-idiom | וַֽיַּעֲבֹֽרוּ | 1 | crossed over | This means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “traveled from one side to the opposite side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 125 | JOS | 4 | 11 | vff8 | figs-idiom | לִפְנֵ֥י הָעָֽם | 1 | before the people | This refers to being in front of the people or in the sight of all the people. Everyone saw the ark being carried by the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 126 | JOS | 4 | 12 | gp7q | figs-explicit | וַ֠יַּעַבְרוּ בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֨ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֜ד וַחֲצִ֨י שֵׁ֤בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁה֙ חֲמֻשִׁ֔ים לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל | 1 | The tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh passed before the people of Israel formed up as an army | These were the soldiers of the 3 tribes that were fulfilling their obligation to lead the Israelites into battle for settling on the East side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 127 | JOS | 4 | 14 | cc5t | כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יָרְא֥וּ | 1 | just as they | The word “they” refers to the people of Israel. | |
| 128 | JOS | 4 | 15 | m7sg | 0 | General Information: | Yahweh tells Joshua to have the priests exit the Jordan River. | ||
| 129 | JOS | 4 | 17 | xw1x | 0 | General Information: | The Author was making it clear that parting the Jordan River was no different than parting the Red Sea for the previous generation. | ||
| 130 | JOS | 4 | 18 | m5z1 | וַיָּשֻׁ֤בוּ מֵֽי־הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ לִמְקוֹמָ֔ם וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ כִתְמוֹל־שִׁלְשׁ֖וֹם עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָֽיו | 1 | waters of the Jordan returned to their place and overflowed its banks | The Jordan River was overflowing its banks and flooding the area before and after Israel passed through on dry land. | |
| 131 | JOS | 4 | 19 | bf72 | עָלוּ֙ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן | 1 | came up out of the Jordan | This refers to when Israel crossed the Jordan River on dry ground. | |
| 132 | JOS | 4 | 19 | zy5r | translate-hebrewmonths | בֶּעָשׂ֖וֹר לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן | 1 | on the tenth day of the first month | This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) |
| 133 | JOS | 4 | 20 | s8s2 | figs-explicit | וְאֵת֩ שְׁתֵּ֨ים עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה הָֽאֲבָנִים֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֖וּ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן | 1 | The twelve stones that they took out of the Jordan | Each tribe was to take one stone from the Jordan River so Joshua could build a memorial of the crossing event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 134 | JOS | 4 | 22 | p6nk | וְהוֹדַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם | 1 | Tell your children | It was for Israel to teach their children of God’s miracles so that they would honor Yahweh forever. | |
| 135 | JOS | 4 | 24 | qe29 | figs-metonymy | אֶת־יַ֣ד יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י חֲזָקָ֖ה הִ֑יא | 1 | the hand of Yahweh is mighty | This refers to the power of Yahweh being strong. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is mighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 136 | JOS | 5 | intro | dv8f | 0 | # Joshua 5 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Circumcision<br><br>It would have been very unusual to be circumcised in a time of war. When men are circumcised they are unable to move without pain or to defend themselves in battle for several days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])<br><br>### Manna<br><br>Yahweh stops providing manna in this chapter and will no longer provide them with their daily allotment of food. This does not mean Yahweh’s care and provision will stop. | |||
| 137 | JOS | 5 | 1 | el1p | figs-parallelism | וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗ם וְלֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ | 1 | their hearts melted … there was no longer any spirit in them | These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of their fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 138 | JOS | 5 | 1 | q8mi | figs-metonymy | וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗ם | 1 | their hearts melted | Here “hearts” refers to their courage. They were so afraid that it was as if their courage melted away like wax in a fire. Alternate translation: “they lost all their courage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 139 | JOS | 5 | 1 | a2wh | figs-metonymy | וְלֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ | 1 | there was no longer any spirit in them | Here “spirit” refers to their will to fight. Alternate translation: “they no longer had any will to fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 140 | JOS | 5 | 3 | m1u7 | figs-explicit | וַיַּעַשׂ־ל֥וֹ יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ חַֽרְב֣וֹת צֻרִ֑ים וַיָּ֨מָל֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י | 1 | Joshua made himself flint knives … he circumcised all the males | There were over 600,000 males, so it is understood that while Joshua was in charge of this task, many other people helped him. If this would confuse your readers, you may want to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “Joshua and the Israelites made themselves flint knives … they circumcised all the males” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 141 | JOS | 5 | 3 | jin6 | translate-names | גִּבְעַ֖ת הָעֲרָלֽוֹת | 1 | Gibeath Haaraloth | This is a place name which commemorates Israel rededicating themselves to Yahweh. It means “the hill of the foreskins.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 142 | JOS | 5 | 4 | i17c | 0 | General Information: | The reason all the males of Israel had to be circumcised is explained. | ||
| 143 | JOS | 5 | 4 | uz5p | אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה | 1 | the men of war | the men who were old enough to be soldiers | |
| 144 | JOS | 5 | 6 | k8wl | figs-metonymy | שָׁמְע֖וּ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה | 1 | obey the voice of Yahweh | Here “voice” refers to the things that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “obey the things that Yahweh commanded them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 145 | JOS | 5 | 6 | jrp7 | figs-metaphor | אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ | 1 | a land flowing with milk and honey | God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 146 | JOS | 5 | 9 | x1q8 | figs-metaphor | הַיּ֗וֹם גַּלּ֛וֹתִי אֶת־חֶרְפַּ֥ת מִצְרַ֖יִם מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֑ם | 1 | This day I have rolled away the disgrace of Egypt from you | Their disgrace is spoken of as if it were a large stone that blocked their path. Here “rolled away” means “removed.” Alternate translation: “This day I have removed the disgrace of Egypt from you” or “You were disgraced when you were slaves in Egypt. But, today I have caused you to no longer be disgraced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 147 | JOS | 5 | 10 | tdl1 | translate-hebrewmonths | בְּאַרְבָּעָה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֥וֹם לַחֹ֛דֶשׁ | 1 | the fourteenth day of the month | This is near the end of March on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “the fourteenth day of the first month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 148 | JOS | 5 | 13 | iyi7 | figs-metaphor | וַיִּשָּׂ֤א עֵינָיו֙ וַיַּ֔רְא וְהִנֵּה־אִישׁ֙ עֹמֵ֣ד | 1 | he lifted up his eyes and looked, and behold, a man was standing | Here looking up is spoken of as if Joshua literally lifted his eyes in his hands. Alternate translation: “he looked up and saw that a man was standing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 149 | JOS | 5 | 13 | x26s | וְהִנֵּה | 1 | behold | The word “behold” alerts us to pay special attention to new information. Your language may have a way of doing this. | |
| 150 | JOS | 5 | 13 | kk45 | וְחַרְבּ֥וֹ שְׁלוּפָ֖ה בְּיָד֑וֹ | 1 | he had drawn his sword and it was in his hand | Here the words “he” and “his” refer to the man who was standing in front of Joshua. | |
| 151 | JOS | 5 | 14 | d8u1 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר | 1 | He said | The word “he” refers to the man Joshua saw. | |
| 152 | JOS | 5 | 14 | ds5l | לֹ֗א | 1 | Neither | This is the beginning of the man’s answer to Joshua’s question, “Are you for us or for our enemies?” This short answer could be clarified. Alternate translation: “I am neither for you nor for your enemies” | |
| 153 | JOS | 5 | 14 | r42a | translate-symaction | וַיִּפֹּל֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ אֶל־פָּנָ֥יו אַ֨רְצָה֙ וַיִּשְׁתָּ֔חוּ | 1 | Joshua lay facedown on the ground to worship | This was an act of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
| 154 | JOS | 5 | 15 | ge5y | translate-symaction | שַׁל־נַֽעַלְךָ֙ מֵעַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֔ךָ | 1 | Take off your sandals from your feet | This was an act of reverence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
| 155 | JOS | 6 | intro | uie9 | 0 | # Joshua 6 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh conquers<br><br>It was God, not the army, who gave them victory. It is said, “Shout! For Yahweh has given you the city.” The circumstances of Israel’s victory in the battle for Jericho were very unusual. It was never common to march around a city or to shout in order to win a military battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |||
| 156 | JOS | 6 | 1 | gbz8 | וִֽירִיחוֹ֙ | 1 | Now | This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells us why the gates of Jericho are closed and locked up. | |
| 157 | JOS | 6 | 2 | j65i | figs-pastforfuture | נָתַ֣תִּי בְיָֽדְךָ֔ אֶת־יְרִיח֖וֹ וְאֶת־מַלְכָּ֑הּ גִּבּוֹרֵ֖י הֶחָֽיִל | 1 | I have delivered Jericho into your hand, its king, and its trained soldiers | Yahweh is telling Joshua that he will certainly do this by saying that he has already done it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) |
| 158 | JOS | 6 | 2 | v4hu | figs-metonymy | בְיָֽדְךָ֔ | 1 | into your hand | The word “hand” is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “so that you can control it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 159 | JOS | 6 | 3 | fu9e | 0 | Connecting Statement: | God continues telling Joshua what the people must do. | ||
| 160 | JOS | 6 | 3 | eik2 | כֹּ֥ה תַעֲשֶׂ֖ה שֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים | 1 | You must do this for six days | Alternate translation: “You must do this once each day for six days” | |
| 161 | JOS | 6 | 4 | b6ml | וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה כֹהֲנִ֡ים יִשְׂאוּ֩ שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֤וֹת הַיּֽוֹבְלִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הָאָר֔וֹן | 1 | Seven priests must carry seven trumpets of rams’ horns before the ark | The seven priests are to march in front of other priests who are carrying the ark and marching around the city. | |
| 162 | JOS | 6 | 5 | zdc7 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | God continues telling Joshua what the people must do. | ||
| 163 | JOS | 6 | 5 | d5rg | בִּמְשֹׁ֣ךְ׀ בְּקֶ֣רֶן הַיּוֹבֵ֗ל | 1 | they must sound a long blast with the ram’s horn … of the trumpet | The word “they” refers to the seven priests. The “ram’s horn” and “trumpet” refer to the trumpets of rams’ horns that the priests were blowing in [Joshua 6:4](../06/04.md). | |
| 164 | JOS | 6 | 5 | g97v | חוֹמַ֤ת הָעִיר֙ | 1 | the wall of the city | Alternate translation: “the outer wall of the city” or “the wall surrounding the city” | |
| 165 | JOS | 6 | 6 | h9cn | translate-names | נוּן֙ | 1 | Nun | This is Joshua’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 166 | JOS | 6 | 6 | s5ne | שְׂא֖וּ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֑ית | 1 | Take up the ark of the covenant | Alternate translation: “Pick up the ark of the covenant” | |
| 167 | JOS | 6 | 8 | l35d | figs-metonymy | לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה | 1 | before Yahweh | Possible meanings are 1) “in obedience to Yahweh” or 2) “in front of Yahweh’s ark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 168 | JOS | 6 | 8 | vk7j | וְתָקְע֖וּ בַּשּֽׁוֹפָר֑וֹת | 1 | they gave a blast on the trumpets | Alternate translation: “they sounded the trumpets loudly” or “the priests blew into the ram’s horn trumpets” | |
| 169 | JOS | 6 | 8 | ayf9 | figs-explicit | וַֽאֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה הֹלֵ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם | 1 | The ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them | It can be stated clearly that there were people carrying the ark. Alternate translation: “The priests who were carrying the ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 170 | JOS | 6 | 10 | ls5v | figs-metonymy | וְלֹֽא־תַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ אֶת־קוֹלְכֶ֔ם וְלֹא־יֵצֵ֥א מִפִּיכֶ֖ם דָּבָ֑ר | 1 | No sound must leave your mouths | Sound leaving someone’s mouth refers to that person’s speaking or shouting. Alternate translation: “Do not yell or speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 171 | JOS | 6 | 10 | tw9q | figs-events | וְאֶת־הָעָם֩ צִוָּ֨ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ | 1 | But Joshua commanded the people | Joshua had commanded the people before they started walking around the city. Alternate translation: “Joshua had commanded the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) |
| 172 | JOS | 6 | 13 | k64v | translate-numbers | וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה הַכֹּהֲנִ֡ים…שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֜וֹת | 1 | seven priests … seven trumpets | “7 priests…7 trumpets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 173 | JOS | 6 | 13 | ai87 | וְתָקְע֖וּ בַּשּׁוֹפָר֑וֹת | 1 | gave blasts on the trumpets | This means that they blew into their trumpets, causing them to make loud noises, multiple times. Alternate translation: “continually sounded the trumpets loudly” or “blew into the ram’s horn trumpets continually” | |
| 174 | JOS | 6 | 14 | j232 | translate-ordinal | בַּיּ֤וֹם הַשֵּׁנִי֙ | 1 | the second day | the next day (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) |
| 175 | JOS | 6 | 14 | r4j1 | כֹּ֥ה עָשׂ֖וּ | 1 | They did this | Israel marched around Jericho once every day. | |
| 176 | JOS | 6 | 14 | p14u | translate-numbers | שֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים | 1 | six days | “6 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 177 | JOS | 6 | 16 | fp32 | הָעָם֙ | 1 | the people | This refers to the people of Israel. | |
| 178 | JOS | 6 | 16 | sc3s | תָּקְע֥וּ…בַּשּׁוֹפָר֑וֹת | 1 | gave a blast with the trumpets | Alternate translation: “sounded the trumpets loudly” or “blew into the ram’s horn trumpets” | |
| 179 | JOS | 6 | 16 | fj73 | figs-pastforfuture | נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם | 1 | Yahweh has given you | Joshua is saying that Yahweh will definitely give them the city by saying that he has already given it to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) |
| 180 | JOS | 6 | 16 | wdh6 | figs-you | נָתַ֧ן…לָכֶ֖ם | 1 | given you | The word “you” refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 181 | JOS | 6 | 17 | ugl7 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Joshua continues speaking to the people of Israel. | ||
| 182 | JOS | 6 | 17 | w1sn | figs-activepassive | וְהָיְתָ֨ה הָעִ֥יר חֵ֛רֶם הִ֥יא וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖הּ לַֽיהוָ֑ה | 1 | The city and all that is in it will be set apart to Yahweh for destruction | This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “You must set apart to Yahweh the city and all that is in it for destruction” or “You must set apart to Yahweh the city and all that is in it by destroying it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 183 | JOS | 6 | 18 | ypv3 | figs-metaphor | שִׁמְר֣וּ מִן־הַחֵ֔רֶם | 1 | be on guard about taking the things | Being careful is spoken of as if they are to guard themselves. “Be careful that you do not take the things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 184 | JOS | 6 | 18 | p8xv | figs-metaphor | וַעֲכַרְתֶּ֖ם אוֹתֽוֹ | 1 | you will bring trouble on it | Doing something that makes bad things to happen to the city is spoken of as bringing trouble on it. Alternate translation: “you will cause bad things to happen to it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 185 | JOS | 6 | 19 | bz6i | אוֹצַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה | 1 | the treasury of Yahweh | a collection of things set apart for the worship of Yahweh | |
| 186 | JOS | 6 | 20 | fm69 | וַיָּרִ֤יעוּ הָעָם֙ תְּרוּעָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה | 1 | the people gave a great shout | Alternate translation: “the people of Israel shouted” | |
| 187 | JOS | 6 | 20 | v2v6 | וַֽיִּתְקְע֖וּ בַּשֹּֽׁפָר֑וֹת | 1 | gave blasts with the trumpets | Alternate translation: “sounded the trumpets loudly” or “blew into the ram’s horn trumpets” | |
| 188 | JOS | 6 | 24 | ny39 | וְהָעִ֛יר שָׂרְפ֥וּ | 1 | They burned the city | The word “they” refers to the Israelite soldiers. It does not refer only to the two young men who brought Rahab and her family out of the city. | |
| 189 | JOS | 6 | 25 | w9ik | figs-metonymy | וַתֵּ֨שֶׁב֙ בְּקֶ֣רֶב יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל | 1 | She lives in Israel | The word “She” refers to Rahab and represents her descendants. Alternate translation: “Her descendants live in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 190 | JOS | 6 | 25 | qlj6 | עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה | 1 | to this day | “now” or “even today.” Rahab’s descendants are still living in Israel as the original writer writes this story. | |
| 191 | JOS | 6 | 26 | cq3c | figs-metaphor | אָר֨וּר הָאִ֜ישׁ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָקוּם֙ וּבָנָ֞ה | 1 | Cursed is the man in Yahweh’s sight who rebuilds | Being cursed in Yahweh’s sight represents being cursed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man who rebuilds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 192 | JOS | 6 | 26 | len7 | figs-metaphor | בִּבְכֹר֣וֹ יְיַסְּדֶ֔נָּה | 1 | At the cost of his firstborn son, he will lay the foundation | The consequence of a man laying a new foundation for Jericho is that his firstborn son would die. This is spoken of as if it were a cost that the man would pay. Alternate translation: “If he lays the foundation, he will lose his firstborn son” or “If he lays the foundation, his firstborn son will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 193 | JOS | 6 | 26 | anp8 | figs-metaphor | וּבִצְעִיר֖וֹ יַצִּ֥יב דְּלָתֶֽיהָ | 1 | at the cost of his youngest son, he will set up its gates | The consequence of a man setting up new gates for Jericho is that his youngest son would die. This is spoken of as if it were a cost that the man would pay. Alternate translation: “If he sets up its gates, he will lose his youngest son” or “If he sets up it gates, his youngest son will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 194 | JOS | 6 | 27 | brx7 | figs-metaphor | וַיְהִ֥י שָׁמְע֖וֹ בְּכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ | 1 | his fame spread throughout the land | This refers to Joshua’s fame, not Yahweh’s. Becoming known among the people throughout the land is spoken of as if his fame spread. Alternate translation: “Joshua became famous throughout the land” or “people throughout the land learned about Joshua” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 195 | JOS | 7 | intro | uv41 | 0 | # Joshua 7 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin brought defeat<br><br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) | |||
| 196 | JOS | 7 | 1 | mtm4 | בַּחֵ֑רֶם | 1 | the things that were set apart for destruction | Alternate translation: “the things that God had said they must set apart to him by destroying them” | |
| 197 | JOS | 7 | 1 | z3zl | translate-names | עָכָ֣ן…כַּרְמִי֩…זַבְדִּ֨י…זֶ֜רַח | 1 | Achan … Karmi … Zabdi … Zerah | These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 198 | JOS | 7 | 1 | li2v | figs-metaphor | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה | 1 | Yahweh’s anger burned | “anger” and “burned” indicates intensity, not that fire is present. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s anger burned like a fire” or “Yahweh was very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 199 | JOS | 7 | 3 | ui7f | כָּל־הָעָם֒ | 1 | all the people | This refers to the army of Israel. | |
| 200 | JOS | 7 | 3 | z2xr | מְעַ֖ט הֵֽמָּה | 1 | they are few in number | The word “they” refers to the people of Ai. | |
| 201 | JOS | 7 | 4 | i5e8 | וַיַּעֲל֤וּ מִן־הָעָם֙ שָׁ֔מָּה כִּשְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִ֑ישׁ | 1 | three thousand men went up from the army | These men were part of the army. Alternate translation: “three thousand men belonging to the army went up” | |
| 202 | JOS | 7 | 4 | ak54 | translate-numbers | כִּשְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִ֑ישׁ | 1 | three thousand men | “3,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 203 | JOS | 7 | 5 | nyw2 | translate-numbers | כִּשְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וְשִׁשָּׁה֙ אִ֔ישׁ | 1 | thirty-six men | “36 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 204 | JOS | 7 | 5 | zcr5 | figs-parallelism | וַיִּמַּ֥ס לְבַב־הָעָ֖ם וַיְהִ֥י לְמָֽיִם | 1 | The hearts of the people melted and became like water | These phrases “melted” and “became like water” share similar meanings and are combined to emphasize that the people were extremely afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 205 | JOS | 7 | 5 | j2v2 | figs-synecdoche | וַיִּמַּ֥ס לְבַב־הָעָ֖ם | 1 | The hearts of the people melted | Here the people are represented by their “hearts” to emphasize their emotions. Alternate translation: “The people were very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 206 | JOS | 7 | 5 | h4tc | לְבַב־הָעָ֖ם | 1 | The hearts of the people | The phrase “the people” refers to the Israelite soldiers. | |
| 207 | JOS | 7 | 6 | ty1c | translate-symaction | וַיִּקְרַ֨ע יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ שִׂמְלֹתָ֗יו וַיִּפֹּל֩ עַל־פָּנָ֨יו אַ֜רְצָה לִפְנֵ֨י אֲר֤וֹן יְהוָה֙ | 1 | tore his garments … put dust on their heads and lay facedown on the ground in front of the ark of Yahweh | They did these things to show God how sad and distressed they were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
| 208 | JOS | 7 | 7 | jb6r | figs-ellipsis | לָ֠מָה הֵעֲבַ֨רְתָּ הַעֲבִ֜יר אֶת־הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן לָתֵ֥ת אֹתָ֛נוּ בְּיַ֥ד הָאֱמֹרִ֖י לְהַאֲבִידֵ֑נוּ | 1 | To give us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us? | Joshua was asking if this is the reason God had brought them across the Jordan. Alternate translation: “Did you do it in order to give us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 209 | JOS | 7 | 7 | run5 | figs-metonymy | בְּיַ֥ד הָאֱמֹרִ֖י | 1 | To give us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us? | The hands of the Amorites represents their control and power. Giving the Israelites into their hands to destroy them represents allowing the Amorites to have control of the Israelites and destroy them. Alternate translation: “To allow the Amorites to destroy us? (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 210 | JOS | 7 | 7 | aq5b | וְלוּ֙ הוֹאַ֣לְנוּ | 1 | If only we made a different decision | The words “If only” show that this is a wish for something that had not happened. Alternate translation: “I wish we had made a different decision” | |
| 211 | JOS | 7 | 8 | x4pf | 0 | General Information: | Joshua expresses frustration to God. | ||
| 212 | JOS | 7 | 8 | ke9p | figs-rquestion | בִּ֖י אֲדֹנָ֑י מָ֣ה אֹמַ֔ר אַ֠חֲרֵי אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָפַ֧ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עֹ֖רֶף לִפְנֵ֥י אֹיְבָֽיו | 1 | what can I say, after Israel has turned their backs before their enemies? | Joshua said this to show how upset he was that he did not even know what to say. Alternate translation: “I do not know what to say. Israel has turned their backs before their enemies!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 213 | JOS | 7 | 8 | s4eb | figs-metonymy | הָפַ֧ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עֹ֖רֶף לִפְנֵ֥י אֹיְבָֽיו | 1 | Israel has turned their backs before their enemies | Doing this represents running away from their enemies. Alternate translation: “Israel has run away from their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 214 | JOS | 7 | 9 | n2kp | figs-metonymy | וְנָסַ֣בּוּ עָלֵ֔ינוּ וְהִכְרִ֥יתוּ אֶת־שְׁמֵ֖נוּ מִן־הָאָ֑רֶץ | 1 | They will surround us and make the people of the earth forget our name | Making people forget the name of the Israelites represents making them forget the Israelites. In this case they would do it by killing the Israelites. Alternate translation: “They will surround us and kill us, and the people of the earth will forget about us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 215 | JOS | 7 | 9 | r713 | figs-metonymy | לְשִׁמְךָ֥ הַגָּדֽוֹל | 1 | for your great name | The phrase “your great name” here represents God’s reputation and power. Alternate translation: “And so what will you do so that people will know that you are great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 216 | JOS | 7 | 9 | vd3r | figs-rquestion | וּמַֽה־תַּעֲשֵׂ֖ה לְשִׁמְךָ֥ הַגָּדֽוֹל | 1 | What will you do for your great name? | Joshua uses this question to warn God that if the Israelites are destroyed, then the other people will think that God is not great. Alternate translation: “Then there will be nothing you can do for your great name.” or “Then people will not know that you are great.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 217 | JOS | 7 | 10 | ev1w | 0 | General Information: | Yahweh tells Joshua why Israel is cursed. | ||
| 218 | JOS | 7 | 10 | hqu3 | figs-rquestion | לָ֑ךְ לָ֣מָּה זֶּ֔ה אַתָּ֖ה נֹפֵ֥ל עַל־פָּנֶֽיךָ | 1 | Why are you lying there on your face? | God used this question to rebuke Joshua for lying there on his face. Alternate translation: “Stop lying there with your face in the dirt!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 219 | JOS | 7 | 11 | lc29 | הַחֵ֔רֶם | 1 | the things that were set apart | These are the things “marked for destruction” from [Joshua 6:18-19](../06/18.md). Alternate translation: “the cursed things” or “those things which God has cursed” | |
| 220 | JOS | 7 | 11 | dd18 | figs-metaphor | גָּֽנְבוּ֙ וְגַ֣ם כִּֽחֲשׁ֔וּ | 1 | They have stolen and then also hidden their sin | Hiding their sin represents trying to keep others from knowing that they have sinned. Alternate translation: “They have stolen those things, and then they tried to keep people from knowing that they sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 221 | JOS | 7 | 12 | yzi5 | figs-metonymy | וְלֹ֨א יֻכְל֜וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לָקוּם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֵיהֶ֔ם | 1 | cannot stand before their enemies | Standing before their enemies represents fighting successfully against their enemies. Alternate translation: “cannot fight successfully against their enemies” or “cannot defeat their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 222 | JOS | 7 | 12 | xix1 | figs-metonymy | עֹ֗רֶף יִפְנוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם | 1 | They turned their backs from their enemies | Doing this represents running away from their enemies. Alternate translation: “They ran away from their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 223 | JOS | 7 | 12 | fs9m | figs-metonymy | לֹ֤א אוֹסִיף֙ לִֽהְי֣וֹת עִמָּכֶ֔ם | 1 | I will not be with you any more | Being with Israel represents helping Israel. Alternate translation: “I will not help you any more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 224 | JOS | 7 | 13 | u4s8 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua and tells him what to tell the people. | ||
| 225 | JOS | 7 | 13 | ln4q | אֶת־הָעָ֔ם | 1 | the people | This refers to the people of Israel. | |
| 226 | JOS | 7 | 13 | j4ki | figs-metonymy | לֹ֣א תוּכַ֗ל לָקוּם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֶ֔יךָ | 1 | You cannot stand against your enemies | Standing before their enemies represents fighting successfully against them. Alternate translation: “You cannot fight successfully against your enemies” or “You cannot defeat your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 227 | JOS | 7 | 14 | gjw9 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Yahweh continues telling Joshua what he must tell the people. | ||
| 228 | JOS | 7 | 14 | dp8p | figs-idiom | וְנִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם בַּבֹּ֖קֶר לְשִׁבְטֵיכֶ֑ם | 1 | you must present yourselves by your tribes | There were twelve tribes that made up the people of Israel. The phrase “by your tribes” means “each tribe.” Alternate translation: “each of your tribes must present themselves to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 229 | JOS | 7 | 14 | scj7 | figs-idiom | הַשֵּׁבֶט֩ אֲשֶׁר־יִלְכְּדֶ֨נּוּ יְהוָ֜ה יִקְרַ֣ב לַמִּשְׁפָּח֗וֹת | 1 | The tribe that Yahweh selects will come near by their clans | The tribe was made up of multiple clans. Alternate translation: “From the tribe that Yahweh selects, each clan will come near” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 230 | JOS | 7 | 14 | crt9 | הַשֵּׁבֶט֩ אֲשֶׁר־יִלְכְּדֶ֨נּוּ יְהוָ֜ה | 1 | The tribe that Yahweh selects | The leaders of Israel would toss lots, and by doing this, they would learn which tribe Yahweh had selected. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The tribe that Yahweh selects by lot” or “The tribe that Yahweh selects when we toss lots” | |
| 231 | JOS | 7 | 14 | xl85 | figs-idiom | וְהַמִּשְׁפָּחָ֞ה אֲשֶֽׁר־יִלְכְּדֶ֤נָּה יְהוָה֙ תִּקְרַ֣ב לַבָּתִּ֔ים | 1 | The clan that Yahweh selects must come near by each household | The clan was made up of multiple households. Alternate translation: “From the clan that Yahweh selects, each household must come near” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 232 | JOS | 7 | 14 | q8me | figs-idiom | וְהַבַּ֨יִת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִלְכְּדֶ֣נּוּ יְהוָ֔ה יִקְרַ֖ב לַגְּבָרִֽים | 1 | The household that Yahweh selects must come near one by one | The household was made up of multiple people. Alternate translation: “From the household that Yahweh selects, each person must come near” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 233 | JOS | 7 | 15 | d5nb | figs-activepassive | הַנִּלְכָּ֣ד | 1 | the one who is selected | This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “the one whom Yahweh selects” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 234 | JOS | 7 | 15 | g1vn | figs-metaphor | עָבַר֙ אֶת־בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה | 1 | he has broken the covenant of Yahweh | Breaking the covenant represents disobeying it. Alternate translation: “he has disobeyed the covenant of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 235 | JOS | 7 | 16 | fdv2 | 0 | General Information: | Joshua follows Yahweh’s command to bring Israel before Yahweh. | ||
| 236 | JOS | 7 | 16 | lzb4 | figs-idiom | וַיַּקְרֵ֥ב אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לִשְׁבָטָ֑יו | 1 | brought Israel near, tribe by tribe | The phrase “tribe by tribe” means each tribe. Alternate translation: “brought each tribe of Israel near” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 237 | JOS | 7 | 16 | g7qp | figs-activepassive | וַיִּלָּכֵ֖ד שֵׁ֥בֶט יְהוּדָֽה | 1 | the tribe of Judah was selected | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh selected the tribe of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 238 | JOS | 7 | 17 | br4y | figs-idiom | וַיַּקְרֵ֞ב אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֤חַת הַזַּרְחִי֙ לַגְּבָרִ֔ים | 1 | He brought near the clan of the Zerahites person by person | The phrase “person by person” is an idiom meaning each person. The persons in this sentence were the leaders of their households. Alternate translation: “He brought near each person of the clan of the Zerahites” or “From the clan of the Zerahites, he brought near each man who was the leader of his household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 239 | JOS | 7 | 17 | z419 | אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֤חַת הַזַּרְחִי֙ | 1 | the clan of the Zerahites | The clan was named after the man named Zerah. | |
| 240 | JOS | 7 | 17 | ha7i | translate-names | זַבְדִּֽי | 1 | Zabdi | This is a man’s name. Translate as you did in [Joshua 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 241 | JOS | 7 | 18 | u41u | translate-names | עָכָ֞ן…כַּרְמִ֧י…זַבְדִּ֛י…זֶ֖רַח | 1 | Zabdi … Achan … Karmi … Zerah | These are men’s names. Translate them as you did in [Joshua 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 242 | JOS | 7 | 19 | k521 | figs-abstractnouns | וְתֶן־ל֣וֹ תוֹדָ֑ה | 1 | give your confession to him | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **confession, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “confess.” Alternate translation: “confess to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 243 | JOS | 7 | 19 | fv9g | figs-metaphor | אַל־תְּכַחֵ֖ד מִמֶּֽנִּי | 1 | Do not hide it from me | Hiding information represents trying to keep someone from knowing it. Alternate translation: “Do not try to prevent me from knowing what you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 244 | JOS | 7 | 21 | b9nn | translate-bweight | וּמָאתַ֧יִם שְׁקָלִ֣ים | 1 | two hundred shekels | This is over two kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) |
| 245 | JOS | 7 | 21 | y7vj | translate-bweight | חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים שְׁקָלִים֙ | 1 | fifty shekels | This is over 500 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) |
| 246 | JOS | 7 | 21 | xw3j | figs-activepassive | טְמוּנִ֥ים בָּאָ֛רֶץ | 1 | They are hidden in the ground | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I hid them in the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 247 | JOS | 7 | 23 | vh7i | וַיַּצִּקֻ֖ם | 1 | poured them out | Use the word in your language for pouring many small solid things out of a large bag onto the ground. | |
| 248 | JOS | 7 | 24 | ta3l | translate-names | עֵ֥מֶק עָכֽוֹר | 1 | the Valley of Achor | The name means “Valley of Trouble,” but it is best to translate Achor the way it sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 249 | JOS | 7 | 25 | vd6n | figs-rquestion | מֶ֣ה עֲכַרְתָּ֔נוּ | 1 | Why have you troubled us? | Joshua uses this question to rebuke Achan. Alternate translation: “You have troubled us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 250 | JOS | 7 | 25 | i3rq | וַיִּשְׂרְפ֤וּ אֹתָם֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּסְקְל֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם בָּאֲבָנִֽים | 1 | Then they stoned the rest with stones and burned them with fire. | Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites burned Achan’s family to death and then covered them with stones or 2) the Israelites stoned Achan’s family to death and then burned the dead bodies or 3) that Achan and his possessions were stoned and then burned. | |
| 251 | JOS | 7 | 26 | zcp9 | figs-metaphor | וַיָּ֥שָׁב יְהוָ֖ה מֵחֲר֣וֹן אַפּ֑וֹ | 1 | Yahweh turned away his burning anger | Turning away his anger represents stopping being angry. Burning anger represents strong anger. Alternate translation: “Yahweh stopped being angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 252 | JOS | 7 | 26 | hfq5 | עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה | 1 | until this present day | It was still called the valley of Achor at the time the author wrote this. Alternate translation: “even today” or “even now” | |
| 253 | JOS | 8 | intro | f3jc | 0 | # Joshua 8 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin brought defeat<br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. Because they repented, Yahweh brought victory to Israel in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>### Built an altar<br>Altars were commonly built in the Ancient Near East to commemorate important events. Several altars were built in the Book of Joshua. | |||
| 254 | JOS | 8 | 1 | l4p8 | figs-parallelism | אַל־תִּירָ֣א וְאַל־תֵּחָ֔ת | 1 | Do not fear; do not be discouraged | These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that there is no reason to be afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 255 | JOS | 8 | 1 | den6 | figs-metonymy | נָתַ֣תִּי בְיָדְךָ֗ אֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ הָעַי֙ וְאֶת־עַמּ֔וֹ וְאֶת־עִיר֖וֹ וְאֶת־אַרְצֽוֹ | 1 | I have given into your hand the king of Ai … and his land | Giving them into Israel’s hand represents giving Israel victory and control over them. Alternate translation: “I have given you victory over the king of Ai and his people, and I have given you control over his city and his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 256 | JOS | 8 | 1 | t7bq | figs-pastforfuture | נָתַ֣תִּי | 1 | I have given | God speaks of what he promises to do as though he had already done it, because he will certainly do it. Alternate translation: “I will certainly give” or “I am giving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) |
| 257 | JOS | 8 | 2 | h3r6 | figs-personification | וּלְמַלְכָּ֗הּ | 1 | her king | The word “her” refers to the city of Ai. Cities were often spoken of as if they were women. Alternate translation: “its king” or “their king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 258 | JOS | 8 | 3 | k4uk | עַ֥ם הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה | 1 | the men of war | Alternate translation: “the army of Israel” | |
| 259 | JOS | 8 | 7 | fw9x | figs-metonymy | וּנְתָנָ֛הּ…בְּיֶדְכֶֽם | 1 | will give it into your hand | Here “hand” symbolizes the control and power the people have over their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 260 | JOS | 8 | 8 | aj5t | 0 | General Information: | Joshua finishes explaining the battle plan to his soldiers. | ||
| 261 | JOS | 8 | 9 | yt5n | וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֣ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ | 1 | Joshua sent them out | This phrase refers to Joshua sending the thirty thousand men who had been selected to ambush Ai to where they would set the ambush. | |
| 262 | JOS | 8 | 9 | i3lf | הַמַּאְרָ֔ב | 1 | the place of ambush | Alternate translation: “where they would hide until it was time to attack” | |
| 263 | JOS | 8 | 12 | ycd3 | translate-numbers | כַּחֲמֵ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִ֑ישׁ | 1 | five thousand men | “5,000 men.” This group seems to be a portion of the “thirty thousand men” ([Joshua 8:9](../08/09.md)). This smaller group remained in the ambush while the other 25,000 men attacked the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 264 | JOS | 8 | 13 | j7b9 | 0 | General Information: | The Israelites prepare to fight the people of Ai. | ||
| 265 | JOS | 8 | 13 | s1lu | אֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֗ה | 1 | the main army | This refers to the largest group of fighting men, those not in the ambush group. | |
| 266 | JOS | 8 | 13 | nq1b | עֲקֵב֖וֹ | 1 | rear guard | those who were “set in ambush on the west side of the city” ([Joshua 8:12](../08/12.md)) | |
| 267 | JOS | 8 | 15 | a83i | figs-metonymy | וַיִּנָּֽגְע֛וּ…לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם | 1 | let themselves be defeated before them | “let themselves be defeated before the people of Ai.” The phrase “before them” represents what the people of Ai would see and think. The phrase “be defeated” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let the people of Ai think that the Israelites were defeated” or “let the people of Ai think that they had defeated the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 268 | JOS | 8 | 15 | w933 | לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם | 1 | before them | the army of Ai | |
| 269 | JOS | 8 | 15 | bri5 | וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ | 1 | they fled | The army of Israel fled. | |
| 270 | JOS | 8 | 16 | dr3a | וַֽיִּרְדְּפוּ֙ | 1 | they went after … they were drawn away | These occurrences of “they” refer to the army of Ai. | |
| 271 | JOS | 8 | 16 | m6sq | לִרְדֹּ֖ף אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם | 1 | to go after them | to go after the army of Isreal | |
| 272 | JOS | 8 | 16 | lcb5 | figs-activepassive | וַיִּזָּעֲק֗וּ כָּל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בעיר | 1 | All the people who were in the city were called together | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The city leaders called all the people in the city together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 273 | JOS | 8 | 16 | k8ff | figs-hyperbole | כָּל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בעיר | 1 | All the people who were in the city | The writer speaks in a general way about all the people, but “all the people” refers only to those who could fight. Alternate translation: “all the people in the city who could help chase the army of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 274 | JOS | 8 | 17 | zip6 | וַיַּעַזְב֤וּ אֶת־הָעִיר֙ פְּתוּחָ֔ה | 1 | left it open | Alternate translation: “left the city gates open” | |
| 275 | JOS | 8 | 18 | xe2m | figs-metonymy | בְיָדְךָ֖ אֶתְּנֶ֑נָּה | 1 | I will give Ai into your hand | Giving Ai into Israel’s hand represents giving Israel victory and control over Ai. Alternate translation: “I will give you victory over Ai” or “I will cause you to capture Ai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 276 | JOS | 8 | 24 | v2gf | figs-parallelism | כְּכַלּ֣וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל לַהֲרֹג֩ אֶת־כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י…וַֽיִּפְּל֥וּ כֻלָּ֛ם לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב | 1 | when Israel had finished killing all the inhabitants … when all of them … had fallen by the edge of the sword | The writer uses both of these sentences, which mean almost the same thing, to strongly say that the Israelites had obeyed God’s command to kill everyone in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 277 | JOS | 8 | 24 | dd98 | figs-euphemism | וַֽיִּפְּל֥וּ כֻלָּ֛ם לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב | 1 | had fallen by the edge of the sword | Here “fallen” is a euphemism for dying. Also, “the edge of the sword” represents whole swords, and swords represent either battle or the army of Israel. Alternate translation: “had died in battle” or “had died when the army of Israel attacked them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 278 | JOS | 8 | 25 | d2ud | translate-numbers | שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר אָ֑לֶף | 1 | twelve thousand | “12,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 279 | JOS | 8 | 28 | uiv3 | שְׁמָמָ֔ה | 1 | an abandoned place | It is a place where people once lived, but now, no one lives there. | |
| 280 | JOS | 8 | 29 | wd9u | עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה | 1 | to this day | Alternate translation: “today” or “even now” | |
| 281 | JOS | 8 | 30 | xev4 | translate-names | בְּהַ֖ר עֵיבָֽל | 1 | Mount Ebal | a mountain in Canaan (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 282 | JOS | 8 | 35 | ym6u | figs-doublenegatives | לֹֽא־הָיָ֣ה דָבָ֔ר מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה מֹשֶׁ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־קָרָ֜א יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ | 1 | There was not one word from all that Moses commanded that Joshua did not read | This can be expressed positively. Alternate translation: “Joshua read every word of all that Moses commanded” or “Joshua read the entire law of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 283 | JOS | 8 | 35 | kdu7 | figs-metonymy | יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ | 1 | Israel | This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 284 | JOS | 9 | intro | w1cx | 0 | # Joshua 9 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel’s mistake<br><br>Israel was deceived because “they did not consult with Yahweh for guidance.” Instead of consulting Yahweh, they attempted to achieve victory under their own power. This was sinful. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) | |||
| 285 | JOS | 9 | 1 | g4h4 | translate-names | הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן | 1 | the Jordan | a shortened name for the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 286 | JOS | 9 | 2 | uj94 | figs-metonymy | פֶּ֖ה אֶחָֽד | 1 | under one command | Here “command” represents the one who commanded them. Being under him represents obeying his commands. Alternate translation: “obeying the commands of one leader” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 287 | JOS | 9 | 4 | r5yb | בְּעָרְמָ֔ה | 1 | cunning plan | a crafty scheme intended to trick Joshua and the Israelites | |
| 288 | JOS | 9 | 5 | q9v6 | יָבֵ֖שׁ הָיָ֥ה נִקֻּדִֽים | 1 | dry and moldy | Alternate translation: “dry and filled with fungus” or “stale and ruined” | |
| 289 | JOS | 9 | 6 | rz8e | figs-synecdoche | אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל | 1 | men of Israel | This refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 290 | JOS | 9 | 7 | w599 | translate-names | הַחִוִּ֑י | 1 | the Hivites | This is another name for the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 291 | JOS | 9 | 7 | t1r4 | figs-rquestion | אוּלַ֗י בְּקִרְבִּי֙ אַתָּ֣ה יוֹשֵׁ֔ב וְאֵ֖יךְ אֶֽכְרָת־לְךָ֥ בְרִֽית | 1 | Perhaps you live near us. How can we make a covenant with you? | Joshua is emphasizing that the people of Israel have to follow the command of Yahweh above all else. Alternate translation: “If you do live near us, we cannot make a covenant with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 292 | JOS | 9 | 10 | kam4 | translate-names | לְסִיחוֹן֙ | 1 | Sihon | This is the name of the defeated Amorite king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 293 | JOS | 9 | 10 | s17h | translate-names | חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן | 1 | Heshbon | This is the name of the royal city of the nation of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 294 | JOS | 9 | 10 | pz6y | translate-names | וּלְע֥וֹג | 1 | Og | This is the name of the defeated king of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 295 | JOS | 9 | 10 | p9ed | translate-names | בְּעַשְׁתָּרֽוֹת | 1 | Ashtaroth | This is the name of a city known for worshiping the goddess of the same name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 296 | JOS | 9 | 11 | hq3m | figs-synecdoche | בְיֶדְכֶ֤ם | 1 | in your hand | This phrase means “take with you.” Here the word “hand” represents the possession by the Gibeonites of the provisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 297 | JOS | 9 | 11 | k7fe | לִקְרָאתָ֑ם וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֲלֵיהֶם֙ | 1 | meet them and say to them | The word “them” refers to the people of Israel. | |
| 298 | JOS | 9 | 15 | f67z | figs-parallelism | וַיַּ֨עַשׂ לָהֶ֤ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ֙ שָׁל֔וֹם וַיִּכְרֹ֥ת לָהֶ֛ם בְּרִ֖ית לְחַיּוֹתָ֑ם וַיִּשָּׁבְע֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם נְשִׂיאֵ֖י הָעֵדָֽה | 1 | Joshua made peace with them and made a covenant with them, to let them live. The leaders of the people also made a vow to them. | These two sentences are saying that the same thing occurred. Joshua, the leader of the nation of Israel, promised not to kill the Gibeonites. The leaders of the nation of Israel, likewise, made the same covenant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 299 | JOS | 9 | 15 | je8p | figs-metonymy | הָעֵדָֽה | 1 | the people | Here this refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 300 | JOS | 9 | 17 | s1u5 | translate-numbers | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י | 1 | third day | This refers to number three in order. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 301 | JOS | 9 | 17 | q18q | translate-names | וְהַכְּפִירָ֔ה | 1 | Kephirah | This is one of the cities of the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 302 | JOS | 9 | 17 | j671 | translate-names | וּבְאֵר֖וֹת | 1 | Beeroth | This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 303 | JOS | 9 | 17 | alr9 | translate-names | וְקִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִֽים | 1 | Kiriath Jearim | This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 304 | JOS | 9 | 19 | a168 | הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה | 1 | the people | Here this phrase refers to the nation of Israel. | |
| 305 | JOS | 9 | 21 | wg7n | וַ֠יִּֽהְיוּ חֹטְבֵ֨י עֵצִ֤ים וְשֹֽׁאֲבֵי־מַ֨יִם֙ | 1 | the Gibeonites became cutters of wood and drawers of water | Alternate translation: “the Gibeonites became woodcutters and water carriers” | |
| 306 | JOS | 9 | 23 | zlp7 | figs-metonymy | לְבֵ֥ית אֱלֹהָֽי | 1 | house of my God | Here this phrase refers to the dwelling place of Yahweh, the Tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 307 | JOS | 9 | 25 | a5un | figs-doublet | כַּטּ֨וֹב וְכַיָּשָׁ֧ר | 1 | Whatever seems good and right | The words “good” and “right” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Whatever seems fair and just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 308 | JOS | 9 | 26 | gy9c | לָהֶ֖ם | 1 | for them | The word “them” here refers to the Gibeonites. | |
| 309 | JOS | 9 | 27 | p81s | עַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה | 1 | to this day | “even up to now.” This means that the people had continued to do these things even up to the day that the writer was living. | |
| 310 | JOS | 10 | intro | uy1f | 0 | # Joshua 10 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 10:12-13 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are a poem.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “For Yahweh was waging war on behalf of Israel”<br>Israel’s conquest of the Promised Land was Yahweh’s war on the ungodly Canaanites more than Israel’s war. This type of war was different from other wars and God gave Israel special instructions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br><br>The people of Gibeon used an idiom when they called for help from Israel: “Do not withdraw your hands,” meaning “do not stop protecting.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |||
| 311 | JOS | 10 | 1 | au8p | וַיְהִי֩ | 1 | Now | This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer tells about a new person in the story, Adoni-Zedek. | |
| 312 | JOS | 10 | 1 | y65k | translate-names | אֲדֹֽנִי־צֶ֜דֶק | 1 | Adoni-Zedek | This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 313 | JOS | 10 | 3 | y6ss | translate-names | יַרְמ֜וּת…לָכִ֛ישׁ…עֶגְל֖וֹן | 1 | Jarmuth … Lachish … Eglon | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 314 | JOS | 10 | 3 | k9rg | translate-names | הוֹהָ֣ם…פִּרְאָ֨ם…יָפִ֧יעַ…דְּבִ֥יר | 1 | Hoham … Piram … Japhia … Debir | These are the names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 315 | JOS | 10 | 4 | ct5k | עֲלֽוּ־אֵלַ֣י | 1 | Come up to me | “Travel to where I am.” Jerusalem was higher in elevation than other cities in Canaan. | |
| 316 | JOS | 10 | 5 | d9vy | translate-numbers | חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת׀ מַלְכֵ֣י | 1 | five kings | “5 kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 317 | JOS | 10 | 5 | m422 | translate-names | יַרְמוּת֙…לָכִ֣ישׁ…עֶגְל֔וֹן | 1 | Jarmuth … Lachish … Eglon | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 318 | JOS | 10 | 5 | vs78 | וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ עַל | 1 | They set up their positions against Gibeon | This means they set up their camp around their city. This was a way of weakening those in the city. It prevented people from escaping the city, and it prevented others from bringing food and water to them in the city. | |
| 319 | JOS | 10 | 6 | wk68 | לֵאמֹ֔ר | 1 | They said | The word “They” here refers to Gibeonites. | |
| 320 | JOS | 10 | 6 | zhx9 | figs-litotes | אַל־תֶּ֥רֶף יָדֶ֖יךָ מֵֽעֲבָדֶ֑יךָ | 1 | Do not withdraw your hands from your servants | This humble request is stated with two negatives to emphasize the need for a positive action. Alternate translation: “Please come and use your strength to protect us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
| 321 | JOS | 10 | 6 | am1x | figs-metonymy | יָדֶ֖יךָ | 1 | your hands | The word “hands” here refers to the people of Israel’s strength. Alternate translation: “your strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 322 | JOS | 10 | 8 | c4uw | figs-metonymy | בְיָדְךָ֖ נְתַתִּ֑ים | 1 | I have given them into your hand | Here “hand” represents the people of Israel’s strength and their ability to defeat their enemy. The word “them” refers to the attacking army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 323 | JOS | 10 | 8 | du96 | נְתַתִּ֑ים | 1 | I have given them | Here the word “them” refers to the attacking armies. | |
| 324 | JOS | 10 | 9 | ecq8 | figs-synecdoche | וַיָּבֹ֧א אֲלֵיהֶ֛ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ | 1 | Joshua came | The entire army of Israel is referred to here by the name of their commander, Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 325 | JOS | 10 | 10 | sq89 | וַיְהֻמֵּ֤ם יְהוָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל | 1 | Yahweh confused the enemy before Israel | Here “Israel” refers to the entire army of Israel. | |
| 326 | JOS | 10 | 10 | yr7y | translate-names | בֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן…עֲזֵקָ֖ה…מַקֵּדָֽה | 1 | Beth Horon … Azekah … Makkedah | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 327 | JOS | 10 | 11 | fbf9 | translate-names | בֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙…עֲזֵקָ֖ה | 1 | Beth Horon … Azekah | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 328 | JOS | 10 | 11 | tuc9 | הִשְׁלִ֣יךְ עֲלֵיהֶם֩ אֲבָנִ֨ים גְּדֹל֧וֹת מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם | 1 | threw large stones down from heaven | Alternate translation: “threw large hailstones from the sky” | |
| 329 | JOS | 10 | 12 | si1e | figs-parallelism | שֶׁ֚מֶשׁ בְּגִבְע֣וֹן דּ֔וֹם וְיָרֵ֖חַ בְּעֵ֥מֶק אַיָּלֽוֹן | 1 | Sun, be still at Gibeon, and moon, in the Valley of Aijalon | Joshua is praying that Yahweh would make the progression of time stop on this day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 330 | JOS | 10 | 12 | j9zt | figs-personification | שֶׁ֚מֶשׁ…וְיָרֵ֖חַ | 1 | Sun … moon | Joshua commands the sun and moon as if these were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 331 | JOS | 10 | 12 | ug8m | translate-names | בְּעֵ֥מֶק אַיָּלֽוֹן | 1 | Valley of Aijalon | This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 332 | JOS | 10 | 13 | dq14 | figs-metonymy | גּוֹי֙ | 1 | the nation | This refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 333 | JOS | 10 | 13 | b91l | figs-rquestion | הֲלֹא־הִ֥יא כְתוּבָ֖ה עַל־סֵ֣פֶר הַיָּשָׁ֑ר | 1 | Is this not written in the Book of Jashar? | The writer uses this question as background information to remind the reader that the incident is well-documented. Alternate translation: “This is written in The Book of Jashar.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
| 334 | JOS | 10 | 16 | wcb9 | translate-names | בְּמַקֵּדָֽה | 1 | Makkedah | This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 335 | JOS | 10 | 17 | mns8 | figs-activepassive | וַיֻּגַּ֖ד לִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ | 1 | It was told to Joshua | Messengers came and told Joshua. Alternate translation: “Someone told Joshua” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 336 | JOS | 10 | 19 | l8tl | figs-metonymy | בְּיֶדְכֶֽם | 1 | into your hand | The phrase “your hand” here means “your control.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 337 | JOS | 10 | 21 | kb3w | translate-names | מַקֵּדָ֖ה | 1 | Makkedah | Translate the same way as you did in [Joshua 10:10](../10/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 338 | JOS | 10 | 21 | py6w | לֹֽא־חָרַ֞ץ לִבְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל לְאִ֖ישׁ אֶת־לְשֹׁנֽוֹ | 1 | No one dared to say one word against | Alternate translation: “No one dared to say anything against” or “No one dared to complain or protest against” | |
| 339 | JOS | 10 | 22 | zs9n | figs-idiom | פִּתְח֖וּ אֶת־פִּ֣י הַמְּעָרָ֑ה | 1 | Open the mouth of the cave | Here “mouth” is an idiom that means “entrance.” Alternate translation: “Open the entrance of the cave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 340 | JOS | 10 | 23 | g4te | translate-names | יַרְמ֔וּת…לָכִ֖ישׁ…עֶגְלֽוֹן | 1 | Jarmuth … Lachish … Eglon | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 341 | JOS | 10 | 24 | dnc1 | figs-synecdoche | כָּל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל | 1 | every man of Israel | Here the men of Israel represent only those who were soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 342 | JOS | 10 | 27 | e9z9 | עַד־עֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה | 1 | to this very day | Alternate translation: “until the author wrote this story” | |
| 343 | JOS | 10 | 28 | e1nc | translate-names | מַקֵּדָ֔ה | 1 | Makkedah | This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [Joshua 10:10](../10/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 344 | JOS | 10 | 28 | nhk6 | figs-parallelism | הֶחֱרִ֣ם אוֹתָ֗ם וְאֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֨פֶשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔הּ לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׂרִ֑יד | 1 | He completely destroyed everyone in it. He left no survivor in it | The second sentence summarizes the first sentence to emphasize that Joshua left no person or animal alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 345 | JOS | 10 | 29 | k439 | translate-names | לִבְנָ֑ה | 1 | Libnah | This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 346 | JOS | 10 | 31 | dsk6 | translate-names | מִלִּבְנָ֖ה לָכִ֑ישָׁה | 1 | Libnah … Lachish | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 347 | JOS | 10 | 32 | yw79 | figs-metonymy | בְּיַ֣ד יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל | 1 | into the hand of Israel | Here their “hand” represents their control. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave Lachish into the control of the nation of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 348 | JOS | 10 | 33 | rff2 | translate-names | הֹרָם֙ | 1 | Horam | This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 349 | JOS | 10 | 33 | lp2c | translate-names | גֶּ֔זֶר…אֶת־לָכִ֑ישׁ | 1 | Gezer … Lachish | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 350 | JOS | 10 | 34 | y3g9 | translate-names | מִלָּכִ֖ישׁ עֶגְלֹ֑נָה | 1 | Lachish … Eglon | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 351 | JOS | 10 | 35 | dqi7 | figs-doublet | וַיַּכּ֣וּהָ לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הַנֶּ֣פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־…הַה֖וּא הֶחֱרִ֑ים | 1 | struck it with the edge of the sword … completely destroyed everyone in it | These two phrases have similar meanings. Together they show the completeness of the destruction of Eglon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 352 | JOS | 10 | 36 | a6ng | translate-names | מֵעֶגְל֖וֹנָה | 1 | Eglon | This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 353 | JOS | 10 | 37 | gba2 | figs-metonymy | וַיִּלְכְּד֣וּהָ וַיַּכּֽוּהָ־לְפִי־חֶ֠רֶב | 1 | They captured it and struck it with the edge of the sword | The sword represents the army of Israel and striking expresses the idea of slaughter and destruction. Alternate translation: “They captured and killed and destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 354 | JOS | 10 | 38 | mr8b | translate-names | דְּבִ֑רָה | 1 | Debir | This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 355 | JOS | 10 | 39 | g2ta | translate-names | לִדְבִ֨רָה֙…לְלִבְנָ֖ה | 1 | Debir … Libnah | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 356 | JOS | 10 | 39 | m8bf | figs-metonymy | וַיַּכּ֣וּם לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב | 1 | They struck them with the edge of the sword | The sword represents the army of Israel and striking expresses the idea of slaughter and destruction. Alternate translation: “They killed and destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 357 | JOS | 10 | 40 | u843 | figs-parallelism | וְאֵת֙ כָּל־מַלְכֵיהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׂרִ֑יד וְאֵ֤ת כָּל־הַנְּשָׁמָה֙ הֶחֱרִ֔ים | 1 | Of all their kings he left not one survivor. He completely destroyed every living thing | These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize the complete destruction that the people of Israel accomplished at Yahweh’s command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 358 | JOS | 10 | 42 | qy8i | כָּל־הַמְּלָכִ֤ים הָאֵ֨לֶּה֙ וְאֶת־אַרְצָ֔ם לָכַ֥ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ | 1 | Joshua captured all these kings and their land | This refers to the kings and lands that were listed beginning in [Joshua 10:28](../10/28.md). | |
| 359 | JOS | 10 | 42 | rbp2 | figs-synecdoche | לָכַ֥ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ | 1 | Joshua captured | Here Joshua represents his whole army. Alternate translation: “Joshua and his soldiers captured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 360 | JOS | 10 | 42 | f9tx | פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת | 1 | at one time | This does not mean in one day. It means during one military campaign, which may have lasted many days or weeks. | |
| 361 | JOS | 11 | intro | g8mw | 0 | # Joshua 11 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh overcomes the united forces of the northern kingdoms<br><br>Yahweh said to Joshua, “Do not be afraid in their presence, because tomorrow at this time I am giving them all to Israel as dead men.” Even when the kingdoms of Canaan joined forces, they were not able to overcome the power of Yahweh.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>### “Yahweh gave the enemy into the hand of Israel”<br>This phrase may present difficulties in translation. The translator should ensure that Yahweh receives credit for Israel’s victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |||
| 362 | JOS | 11 | 1 | a1ca | translate-names | יָבִ֣ין…יוֹבָב֙ | 1 | Jabin … Jobab | These are names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 363 | JOS | 11 | 1 | zi5u | translate-names | חָצ֑וֹר…מָד֔וֹן…שִׁמְר֖וֹן…אַכְשָֽׁף | 1 | Hazor … Madon … Shimron … Akshaph | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 364 | JOS | 11 | 2 | gz61 | translate-names | כִּֽנֲר֖וֹת…וּבְנָפ֥וֹת דּ֖וֹר | 1 | Kinnereth … Naphoth Dor | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 365 | JOS | 11 | 3 | rds6 | translate-names | חֶרְמ֔וֹן | 1 | Mount Hermon | This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 366 | JOS | 11 | 4 | d9fb | 0 | General Information: | All the Canaanite kings attack Joshua and the nation of Israel. | ||
| 367 | JOS | 11 | 4 | e5l4 | figs-hyperbole | וְכָל־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶם֙ עִמָּ֔ם עַם־רָ֕ב כַּח֛וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־שְׂפַת־הַיָּ֖ם לָרֹ֑ב | 1 | a great number of soldiers, in number like the sand on the seashore | No one can count the grains of sand on the seashore. This exaggeration emphasizes the very large number of soldiers that these kings assembled. Alternate translation: “such a great number of soldiers that there appeared to be as many of them as there are grains of sand on the seashore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 368 | JOS | 11 | 5 | kc2e | translate-names | מֵר֔וֹם | 1 | Merom | This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 369 | JOS | 11 | 6 | n348 | figs-metaphor | אָנֹכִ֞י נֹתֵ֧ן אֶת־כֻּלָּ֛ם חֲלָלִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל | 1 | I am giving them all to Israel as dead men | Yahweh enabling Israel to conquer the enemy army and kill all of the soldiers is spoken of as if Yahweh killed the soldiers and then gave them to Israel. Alternate translation: “I will enable Israel to kill all of them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 370 | JOS | 11 | 6 | lgk2 | אֶת־סוּסֵיהֶ֣ם תְּעַקֵּ֔ר | 1 | hamstring their horses | “cripple their horses by cutting their legs.” This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot walk. | |
| 371 | JOS | 11 | 7 | sm9k | translate-names | מֵר֖וֹם | 1 | Merom | This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 372 | JOS | 11 | 8 | cw9y | figs-metaphor | וַיִּתְּנֵ֨ם יְהוָ֥ה בְּיַֽד־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ | 1 | Yahweh gave the enemy into the hand of Israel | Here the word “hand” represents power. Yahweh enabling the army of Israel to conquer their enemy is spoken of as if Yahweh had put the enemy army into Israel’s hand. Alternate translation: “Yahweh enabled Israel to conquer the enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 373 | JOS | 11 | 8 | n4ub | וַיַּכּוּם֒…וַיַּכֻּ֕ם | 1 | struck them … struck them | Alternate translation: “attacked them … attacked them” | |
| 374 | JOS | 11 | 8 | m9b1 | translate-names | מִשְׂרְפ֣וֹת מַ֔יִם | 1 | Misrephoth Maim | This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 375 | JOS | 11 | 9 | q7dn | עִקֵּ֔ר | 1 | hamstrung | This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot run. See how you translated this word in [Joshua 11:6](../11/06.md). | |
| 376 | JOS | 11 | 10 | pbp8 | מַלְכָּ֖הּ הִכָּ֣ה בֶחָ֑רֶב | 1 | He struck its king with the sword | Alternate translation: “Joshua killed the king of Hazor with his sword” | |
| 377 | JOS | 11 | 10 | cjd1 | figs-metaphor | חָצ֣וֹר לְפָנִ֔ים הִ֕יא רֹ֖אשׁ כָּל־הַמַּמְלָכ֥וֹת הָאֵֽלֶּה | 1 | Hazor had been head of all these kingdoms | Hazor being the most important city is spoken of as Hazor being the head of the other kingdoms. Alternate translation: Hazor had been the most important of all these kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 378 | JOS | 11 | 11 | be72 | figs-parallelism | וַ֠יַּכּוּ אֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֨פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֤הּ לְפִי־חֶ֨רֶב֙ הַֽחֲרֵ֔ם לֹ֥א נוֹתַ֖ר כָּל־נְשָׁמָ֑ה | 1 | They struck with the sword every living creature that was there … so there was not any living creature left alive | These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 379 | JOS | 11 | 11 | z2md | figs-synecdoche | הַֽחֲרֵ֔ם | 1 | he set them apart to be destroyed | The word “he” refers to Joshua and represents himself and his army. Completely destroying every living thing in the city is spoken of as if those living things were dedicated for destruction. Alternate translation: “the army completely destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 380 | JOS | 11 | 12 | i5tz | וַיַּכֵּ֥ם לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב | 1 | struck them with the edge of the sword | Alternate translation: “killed them” | |
| 381 | JOS | 11 | 13 | f8kv | הֶעָרִ֗ים הָעֹֽמְדוֹת֙ עַל־תִּלָּ֔ם | 1 | cities built on mounds | Alternate translation: “cities built on small hills” | |
| 382 | JOS | 11 | 14 | grk1 | figs-rpronouns | לָהֶ֖ם | 1 | for themselves | This phrase refers to the army of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) |
| 383 | JOS | 11 | 14 | n215 | figs-parallelism | אֶֽת־כָּל־הָאָדָ֞ם הִכּ֣וּ לְפִי־חֶ֗רֶב עַד־הִשְׁמִדָם֙ אוֹתָ֔ם לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖ירוּ כָּל־נְשָׁמָֽה | 1 | They killed every human being with the edge of the sword until all were dead. They left alive no creature that breathed. | These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 384 | JOS | 11 | 15 | ta4x | figs-litotes | לֹֽא־הֵסִ֣יר דָּבָ֔ר מִכֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה | 1 | He left nothing undone of all that Yahweh commanded Moses to do | This negative phrase emphasizes that Joshua did everything that Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “Joshua did everything that Yahweh commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
| 385 | JOS | 11 | 17 | yr6b | translate-names | הָהָ֤ר הֶֽחָלָק֙…בַּ֤עַל גָּד֙ | 1 | Mount Halak … Baal Gad | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 386 | JOS | 11 | 20 | pq7v | figs-metaphor | מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֣ה׀ הָיְתָ֡ה לְחַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבָּם֩ | 1 | it was Yahweh who hardened their hearts | Yahweh causing the people of the cities to be stubborn is spoken of as if Yahweh had hardened their hearts. Alternate translation: “it was Yahweh who caused them to act stubbornly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 387 | JOS | 11 | 21 | im1q | translate-names | אֶת־הָֽעֲנָקִים֙ | 1 | Anakim | These are the descendants of Anak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 388 | JOS | 11 | 21 | p6cd | translate-names | דְּבִ֣ר…עֲנָ֔ב | 1 | Debir … Anab | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 389 | JOS | 11 | 23 | qe5v | figs-metaphor | וַיִּתְּנָהּ֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ לְנַחֲלָ֧ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל | 1 | Joshua gave it as an inheritance to Israel | Joshua giving the land to the Israelites is spoken of as if he had given the Israelites an inheritance as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “Joshua gave the land to the Israelites as a permanent possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 390 | JOS | 11 | 23 | x695 | figs-personification | וְהָאָ֥רֶץ שָׁקְטָ֖ה מִמִּלְחָמָֽה | 1 | the land had rest from the wars | The people no longer fighting wars is spoken of as if the land were a person who rested from war. Alternate translation: “the people no longer fought wars in the land” or “there was peace in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 391 | JOS | 12 | intro | ga6k | 0 | # Joshua 12 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 12:2-5 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are part of a long list. | |||
| 392 | JOS | 12 | 1 | e45x | writing-background | וְאֵ֣לֶּה | 1 | Now | This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer begins to provide background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
| 393 | JOS | 12 | 1 | fe2c | וְאֵ֣לֶּה׀ מַלְכֵ֣י | 1 | these are the kings | This refers to the list of kings that continues through verse 24. | |
| 394 | JOS | 12 | 1 | g8ju | translate-names | הָעֲרָבָ֖ה | 1 | the Arabah | These are the names of a region of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 395 | JOS | 12 | 2 | uv1m | translate-names | מֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡ר | 1 | Aroer | This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 396 | JOS | 12 | 2 | ts6s | סִיחוֹן֙…בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן | 1 | Sihon … Heshbon | See how you translated these words in [Joshua 9:10](../09/10.md). | |
| 397 | JOS | 12 | 3 | dh7d | יָ֨ם כִּנְר֜וֹת | 1 | Sea of Kinnereth | This is a place. See how you translated this in [Joshua 11:2](../11/02.md). | |
| 398 | JOS | 12 | 3 | gc3x | translate-names | בֵּ֣ית הַיְשִׁמ֑וֹת…הַפִּסְגָּֽה | 1 | Beth Jeshimoth … Mount Pisgah | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 399 | JOS | 12 | 4 | zb6d | ע֚וֹג מֶ֣לֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֔ן | 1 | Og, king of Bashan | See how you translated this man’s name in [Joshua 9:10](../09/10.md). | |
| 400 | JOS | 12 | 4 | m4ct | translate-names | הָרְפָאִ֑ים | 1 | the Rephaim | These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 401 | JOS | 12 | 4 | t7hy | translate-names | בְּעַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת וּבְאֶדְרֶֽעִי | 1 | Ashtaroth … Edrei | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 402 | JOS | 12 | 5 | vu4f | translate-names | וּבְסַלְכָה֙ | 1 | Salekah | This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 403 | JOS | 12 | 5 | sbq3 | translate-names | וְהַמַּעֲכָתִ֑י | 1 | Maacathites | This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 404 | JOS | 12 | 6 | bsj6 | לָרֻֽאוּבֵנִי֙ | 1 | Reubenites | These are the descendants of Reuben. | |
| 405 | JOS | 12 | 6 | p8zt | וְלַגָּדִ֔י | 1 | Gadites | These are the descendants of Gad. | |
| 406 | JOS | 12 | 6 | zk48 | וְלַחֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֥בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּֽׁה | 1 | half tribe of Manasseh | They are called a half tribe because the other half of the tribe received an inheritance in the land of Canaan. | |
| 407 | JOS | 12 | 7 | nie7 | translate-names | מִבַּ֤עַל גָּד֙…הָהָ֥ר הֶחָלָ֖ק | 1 | Baal Gad … Mount Halak | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 408 | JOS | 12 | 8 | z37z | translate-names | וּבָֽעֲרָבָה֙ | 1 | the Arabah | This is the name of a region of land. Translate as in [Joshua 12:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 409 | JOS | 12 | 10 | ps2m | translate-names | חֶבְר֖וֹן | 1 | Enaim | This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 410 | JOS | 12 | 11 | aj97 | translate-names | יַרְמוּת֙…לָכִ֖ישׁ | 1 | Jarmuth … Lachish | These are the names of cities. Translate in the same way you did in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 411 | JOS | 12 | 12 | bgl2 | translate-names | עֶגְלוֹן֙…גֶּ֖זֶר | 1 | Eglon … Gezer | These are the names of cities. Translate “Eglon” in the same way you did in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 412 | JOS | 12 | 13 | mgg8 | translate-names | דְּבִר֙…גֶּ֖דֶר | 1 | Debir … Geder | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 413 | JOS | 12 | 14 | e9ba | translate-names | חָרְמָה֙…עֲרָ֖ד | 1 | Hormah … Arad | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 414 | JOS | 12 | 15 | nec9 | translate-names | לִבְנָה֙…עֲדֻלָּ֖ם | 1 | Libnah … Adullam | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 415 | JOS | 12 | 16 | se49 | translate-names | מַקֵּדָה֙ | 1 | Makkedah | This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 416 | JOS | 12 | 17 | g346 | translate-names | תַּפּ֨וּחַ֙…חֵ֖פֶר | 1 | Tappuah … Hepher | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 417 | JOS | 12 | 18 | m8vl | translate-names | אֲפֵק֙…לַשָּׁר֖וֹן | 1 | Aphek … Lasharon | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 418 | JOS | 12 | 19 | ga17 | translate-names | מָדוֹן֙…חָצ֖וֹר | 1 | Madon … Hazor | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 419 | JOS | 12 | 20 | cq4i | translate-names | שִׁמְר֤וֹן מְראוֹן֙…אַכְשָׁ֖ף | 1 | Shimron Meron … Akshaph | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 420 | JOS | 12 | 21 | pv5n | translate-names | תַּעְנַךְ֙…מְגִדּ֖וֹ | 1 | Taanach … Megiddo | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 421 | JOS | 12 | 22 | z2b9 | translate-names | קֶ֨דֶשׁ֙…יָקְנֳעָ֥ם | 1 | Kedesh … Jokneam | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 422 | JOS | 12 | 23 | a6eq | translate-names | דּ֛וֹר לְנָפַ֥ת דּ֖וֹר…גּוֹיִ֥ם | 1 | Dor … Naphoth Dor … Goyim | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 423 | JOS | 12 | 24 | kv8w | translate-names | תִּרְצָ֖ה | 1 | Tirzah | This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 424 | JOS | 12 | 24 | aeg5 | translate-numbers | כָּל־מְלָכִ֖ים שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וְאֶחָֽד | 1 | thirty-one in all | “31 in all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 425 | JOS | 13 | intro | zl7s | 0 | # Joshua 13 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section about dividing the land between the tribes of Israel.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Division of the land<br><br>There was still much land to be captured west of the Jordan River, but the tribe of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Mannasah received their land east of the Jordan. This land had been promised to them in Numbers 32.<br><br>### Driving out the people<br><br>While Yahweh achieved many great victories through Joshua, Israel was still supposed to drive out the rest of the Canaanites. Israel’s success in this would depend on their faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) | |||
| 426 | JOS | 13 | 2 | s51z | figs-explicit | זֹ֥את הָאָ֖רֶץ הַנִּשְׁאָ֑רֶת | 1 | This is the land that still remains | You may clarify that this is the land that Israel still needs to capture. Alternate translation: “This is the land that still remains for Israel to capture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 427 | JOS | 13 | 3 | q1nv | translate-names | הַשִּׁיח֞וֹר | 1 | Shihor | This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 428 | JOS | 13 | 3 | a3iw | figs-activepassive | לַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י תֵּחָשֵׁ֑ב | 1 | which is considered property of the Canaanites | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which the Canaanites now consider their property” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 429 | JOS | 13 | 3 | jnl3 | translate-names | וְהָעַוִּֽים | 1 | Avvites | This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 430 | JOS | 13 | 4 | b13s | translate-names | וּמְעָרָ֛ה…אֲפֵ֑קָה | 1 | Arah … Aphek | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 431 | JOS | 13 | 5 | bj71 | translate-names | מִבַּ֣עַל גָּ֔ד…הַר־חֶרְמ֑וֹן | 1 | Baal Gad … Mount Hermon | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 432 | JOS | 13 | 5 | jd8r | translate-names | הַגִּבְלִ֗י | 1 | Gebalites | This is the name of a people group who lived in Geba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 433 | JOS | 13 | 6 | b7pk | translate-names | מִשְׂרְפֹ֥ת מַ֨יִם֙ | 1 | Misrephoth Maim | this is the name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 434 | JOS | 13 | 6 | si8i | figs-metaphor | לְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּֽנַחֲלָ֔ה | 1 | land … as an inheritance | The land that Israel will claim is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they will receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 435 | JOS | 13 | 9 | gfc4 | translate-names | מֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡ר…מֵידְבָ֖א…דִּיבֽוֹן | 1 | Aroer … Medeba … Dibon | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 436 | JOS | 13 | 9 | lk8d | הַנַּ֛חַל | 1 | gorge | a place where the river is far below the land on the sides | |
| 437 | JOS | 13 | 9 | t2an | הַמִּישֹׁ֥ר | 1 | plateau | flat land high above rivers | |
| 438 | JOS | 13 | 10 | zm4w | translate-names | בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן | 1 | Heshbon | This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 439 | JOS | 13 | 11 | whz4 | translate-names | סַלְכָֽה | 1 | Salekah | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 440 | JOS | 13 | 11 | kc79 | וּגְב֧וּל הַגְּשׁוּרִ֣י וְהַמַּעֲכָתִ֗י | 1 | the region of the Geshurites and Maacathites | Alternate translation: “the land where the Geshurites and Maacathites lived” | |
| 441 | JOS | 13 | 11 | l98j | translate-names | וְהַמַּעֲכָתִ֗י | 1 | Maacathites | These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 442 | JOS | 13 | 12 | hw24 | translate-names | בְּעַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת וּבְאֶדְרֶ֑עִי | 1 | Ashtaroth … Edrei | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 443 | JOS | 13 | 12 | u2dn | translate-names | הָרְפָאִ֔ים | 1 | Rephaim | This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 444 | JOS | 13 | 12 | l1cu | figs-synecdoche | וַיַּכֵּ֥ם מֹשֶׁ֖ה | 1 | Moses struck them | Here “Moses” represents himself and the Israelite army that Moses led. Alternate translation: “Moses and the Israelites attacked them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 445 | JOS | 13 | 13 | zb9l | translate-names | אֶת־הַגְּשׁוּרִ֖י וְאֶת־הַמַּעֲכָתִ֑י | 1 | the Geshurites or the Maacathites | These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 446 | JOS | 13 | 13 | hu1n | figs-explicit | גְּשׁ֤וּר וּמַֽעֲכָת֙ בְּקֶ֣רֶב יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל | 1 | Geshur and Maacath live among Israel | “Geshur” and “Maacath” are either the names of the ancestors of “the Geshurites” and “the Maacathites” or are the names of the cities in which they lived. Alternate translation: “those people live among Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 447 | JOS | 13 | 13 | xw7d | עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה | 1 | to this day | This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book. | |
| 448 | JOS | 13 | 14 | zs6y | figs-metaphor | לֹ֥א נָתַ֖ן נַחֲלָ֑ה | 1 | Moses gave no inheritance | The land that Moses assigned to the tribes of Israel is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 449 | JOS | 13 | 14 | v9zc | figs-metaphor | אִשֵּׁ֨י יְהוָ֜ה…ה֣וּא נַחֲלָת֔וֹ | 1 | The offerings of Yahweh … are their inheritance | The writer speaks of the great honor that the Levites had by serving Yahweh as priests as if the offerings were something that they would inherit. Alternate translation: “The offerings of Yahweh … are what they will have for their provision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 450 | JOS | 13 | 14 | br61 | אִשֵּׁ֨י יְהוָ֜ה | 1 | offerings of Yahweh | Alternate translation: “offerings that the people were to bring to Yahweh” | |
| 451 | JOS | 13 | 14 | lz8a | figs-activepassive | אִשֵּׁ֨י | 1 | made by fire | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the priests burned with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 452 | JOS | 13 | 16 | f1uv | translate-names | מֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡ר…מֵידְבָֽא | 1 | Aroer … Medeba | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 453 | JOS | 13 | 16 | s5yv | נַ֨חַל…הַמִּישֹׁ֖ר | 1 | gorge … plateau | See how you translated these words in [Joshua 13:9](../13/09.md). | |
| 454 | JOS | 13 | 17 | y6iu | translate-names | חֶשְׁבּ֥וֹן…דִּיבוֹן֙ וּבָמ֣וֹת בַּ֔עַל וּבֵ֖ית בַּ֥עַל מְעֽוֹן | 1 | Heshbon … Dibon … Bamoth Baal … Beth Baal Meon | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 455 | JOS | 13 | 18 | i4fe | translate-names | וְיַ֥הְצָה וּקְדֵמֹ֖ת וּמֵפָֽעַת | 1 | Jahaz … Kedemoth … Mephaath | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 456 | JOS | 13 | 19 | f1h3 | translate-names | וְקִרְיָתַ֣יִם וְשִׂבְמָ֔ה וְצֶ֥רֶת הַשַּׁ֖חַר | 1 | Kiriathaim … Sibmah … Zereth Shahar | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 457 | JOS | 13 | 20 | is7v | translate-names | וּבֵ֥ית פְּע֛וֹר…הַפִּסְגָּ֖ה וּבֵ֥ית הַיְשִׁמֽוֹת | 1 | Beth Peor … Pisgah … Beth Jeshimoth | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 458 | JOS | 13 | 21 | uld7 | translate-names | בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן | 1 | Heshbon | This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 459 | JOS | 13 | 21 | j6hq | translate-names | סִיחוֹן֙…אֶת־אֱוִ֤י וְאֶת־רֶ֨קֶם֙ וְאֶת־צ֤וּר וְאֶת־חוּר֙ וְאֶת־רֶ֔בַע | 1 | Sihon … Evi … Rekem … Zur … Hur … Reba | These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 460 | JOS | 13 | 21 | x56e | אֹת֣וֹ׀ וְאֶת־נְשִׂיאֵ֣י מִדְיָ֗ן | 1 | together with the leaders of Midian | Alternate translation: “as he had defeated the leaders of Midian” | |
| 461 | JOS | 13 | 23 | gc1r | וּגְב֑וּל זֹ֣את | 1 | this is their boundary | The Jordan River was the western border of the land that the tribe of Reuben received. | |
| 462 | JOS | 13 | 23 | x56m | figs-metaphor | וּגְב֑וּל זֹ֣את נַחֲלַ֤ת בְּנֵֽי־רְאוּבֵן֙ | 1 | This was the inheritance of the tribe of Reuben | The land that Moses assigned to the tribe of Reuben is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribe of Reuben received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 463 | JOS | 13 | 23 | ud8m | figs-activepassive | לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔ם | 1 | given to each of their clans | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that Moses gave to each of their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 464 | JOS | 13 | 25 | fmp2 | translate-names | יַעְזֵר֙…עֲרוֹעֵ֕ר…רַבָּֽה | 1 | Jazer … Aroer … Rabbah | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 465 | JOS | 13 | 26 | mr54 | translate-names | וּמֵחֶשְׁבּ֛וֹן…רָמַ֥ת הַמִּצְפֶּ֖ה וּבְטֹנִ֑ים וּמִֽמַּחֲנַ֖יִם…לִדְבִֽר | 1 | Heshbon … Ramath Mizpah … Betonim … Mahanaim … Debir | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 466 | JOS | 13 | 27 | ie4m | translate-names | בֵּ֣ית הָרָם֩ וּבֵ֨ית נִמְרָ֜ה וְסֻכּ֣וֹת וְצָפ֗וֹן…חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן | 1 | Beth Haram … Beth Nimrah … Zaphon … Heshbon | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 467 | JOS | 13 | 28 | hla2 | figs-metaphor | זֹ֛את נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵי־גָ֖ד | 1 | This is the inheritance of the tribe of Gad | The land that Moses assigned to the tribe of Gad is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribe of Gad received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 468 | JOS | 13 | 29 | we69 | figs-metaphor | וַיִּתֵּ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה לַחֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֣בֶט מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה | 1 | Moses gave an inheritance to the half tribe of Manasseh | The land that Moses assigned to the half tribe of Manasseh is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he gave to them as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 469 | JOS | 13 | 29 | gs84 | לַחֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֣בֶט מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה | 1 | half tribe of Manasseh | Only half of the tribe received this land because the other half received land on the other side of the Jordan River. | |
| 470 | JOS | 13 | 29 | p8yw | figs-activepassive | וַיְהִ֗י לַחֲצִ֛י | 1 | It was assigned | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moses assigned it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 471 | JOS | 13 | 30 | s32g | translate-names | מִמַּחֲנַ֨יִם…יָאִ֛יר | 1 | Mahanaim … Jair | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 472 | JOS | 13 | 31 | b2aa | translate-names | וְעַשְׁתָּר֣וֹת וְאֶדְרֶ֔עִי | 1 | Ashtaroth … Edrei | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 473 | JOS | 13 | 31 | zde9 | figs-activepassive | לִבְנֵ֤י | 1 | These were assigned | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moses assigned these” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 474 | JOS | 13 | 31 | g5si | translate-names | מָכִ֖יר | 1 | Machir | This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 475 | JOS | 13 | 32 | hh57 | figs-metaphor | אֵ֕לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־נִחַ֥ל מֹשֶׁ֖ה | 1 | This is the inheritance that Moses assigned to them | The land that Moses assigned to the tribes of Israel on the east side of the Jordan is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Moses gave to them as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This is the land that Moses assigned to them as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 476 | JOS | 13 | 33 | ce57 | figs-metaphor | יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ ה֣וּא נַחֲלָתָ֔ם | 1 | Yahweh, the God of Israel, is their inheritance | The writer speaks of the great honor that the Levites had by serving Yahweh as priests as if Yahweh were something that they would inherit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, the God of Israel, is what they have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 477 | JOS | 14 | intro | dsn7 | 0 | # Joshua 14 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) | |||
| 478 | JOS | 14 | 1 | u4tc | figs-metaphor | וְאֵ֛לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־נָחֲל֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל | 1 | the areas of land that the people of Israel received as their inheritance | The land that the people of Israel acquired is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 479 | JOS | 14 | 1 | ql64 | אֲב֥וֹת הַמַּטּ֖וֹת | 1 | tribal leaders | Alternate translation: “leaders of the tribes” | |
| 480 | JOS | 14 | 2 | f1ux | figs-activepassive | בְּגוֹרַ֖ל נַחֲלָתָ֑ם | 1 | Their inheritance was selected by lot | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Eleazar, Joshua, and the tribal leaders cast lots to determine the inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 481 | JOS | 14 | 2 | ti9l | figs-synecdoche | בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה | 1 | by the hand of Moses | Here the word “hand” refers to Moses himself and means that Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “through Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 482 | JOS | 14 | 3 | ptq4 | figs-metaphor | כִּֽי־נָתַ֨ן מֹשֶׁ֜ה נַחֲלַ֨ת שְׁנֵ֤י הַמַּטּוֹת֙ וַחֲצִ֣י הַמַּטֶּ֔ה מֵעֵ֖בֶר לַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְלַ֨לְוִיִּ֔ם לֹֽא־נָתַ֥ן נַחֲלָ֖ה בְּתוֹכָֽם | 1 | Moses had given the inheritance of the two and one-half tribes beyond the Jordan, but to the Levites he gave no inheritance | The land that Moses gave to the tribes is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 483 | JOS | 14 | 4 | tye1 | figs-activepassive | וְלֹֽא־נָתְנוּ֩ חֵ֨לֶק לַלְוִיִּ֜ם בָּאָ֗רֶץ | 1 | The Levites were given no portion of the inheritance in the land | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And Moses did not give a portion of the inheritance to the Levites in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 484 | JOS | 14 | 4 | c5l6 | חֵ֨לֶק | 1 | portion | Alternate translation: “part” | |
| 485 | JOS | 14 | 4 | tj8s | figs-ellipsis | כִּ֤י אִם־עָרִים֙ לָשֶׁ֔בֶת | 1 | but only certain cities to live in | The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “but he gave to them only certain cities to live in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 486 | JOS | 14 | 4 | m4nv | וּמִ֨גְרְשֵׁיהֶ֔ם | 1 | pasturelands | fields of grass for the livestock to eat | |
| 487 | JOS | 14 | 4 | j8ys | וּלְקִנְיָנָֽם | 1 | material resources | physical things they needed so they could provide for their families | |
| 488 | JOS | 14 | 6 | b9tc | translate-names | יְפֻנֶּ֖ה | 1 | Jephunneh | This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 489 | JOS | 14 | 6 | g6g8 | translate-names | הַקְּנִזִּ֑י | 1 | Kenizzite | This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 490 | JOS | 14 | 7 | wqe2 | figs-idiom | וָאָשֵׁ֤ב אֹתוֹ֙ דָּבָ֔ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר עִם־לְבָבִֽי | 1 | I brought him a report again as it was in my heart to make | Here the word “heart” represents the thoughts. The phrase is an idiom that refers to a report that is given honestly. Alternate translation: “I brought back to him an honest report” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 491 | JOS | 14 | 8 | q6zs | figs-metaphor | הִמְסִ֖יו אֶת־לֵ֣ב הָעָ֑ם | 1 | made the heart of the people melt with fear | Making the people very afraid is spoken of as if it were making the hearts of the people melt. Alternate translation: “made the people very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 492 | JOS | 14 | 8 | d53a | figs-metaphor | וְאָנֹכִ֣י מִלֵּ֔אתִי אַחֲרֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה | 1 | I completely followed Yahweh | Being loyal to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were completely following Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I remained loyal to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 493 | JOS | 14 | 9 | ew2r | figs-metaphor | הָאָ֨רֶץ֙…בָּ֔הּ לְךָ֨ תִֽהְיֶ֧ה לְנַחֲלָ֛ה וּלְבָנֶ֖יךָ עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם | 1 | the land … will be an inheritance for you and for your children forever | The land that Caleb and his descendants would have is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 494 | JOS | 14 | 9 | shc9 | figs-synecdoche | הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דָּרְכָ֤ה רַגְלְךָ֙ | 1 | the land on which your foot has walked | Here “your foot” represents Caleb. Alternate translation: “the land on which you have walked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 495 | JOS | 14 | 10 | m9sn | הִנֵּה֩ | 1 | look | Alternate translation: “pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important” | |
| 496 | JOS | 14 | 10 | c4ma | אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֥ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר | 1 | while Israel walked in the wilderness | Alternate translation: “while the people of Israel traveled in the wilderness” | |
| 497 | JOS | 14 | 11 | q443 | כְּכֹ֥חִי אָ֖ז וּכְכֹ֣חִי עָ֑תָּה | 1 | My strength is now as my strength was then | Alternate translation: “I am still as strong now as I was then” | |
| 498 | JOS | 14 | 11 | y4nf | figs-idiom | וְלָצֵ֥את וְלָבֽוֹא | 1 | for going and coming | This is an idiom that refers to daily activities. Alternate translation: “for the things I do every day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 499 | JOS | 14 | 12 | r8ka | אֶת־הָהָ֣ר | 1 | hill country | Possible meanings are 1) many large hills or small mountains or 2) one mountain. | |
| 500 | JOS | 14 | 12 | ner3 | translate-names | עֲנָקִ֣ים | 1 | Anakim | This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 501 | JOS | 14 | 13 | q6ae | figs-metaphor | וַיִּתֵּ֧ן אֶת־חֶבְר֛וֹן לְכָלֵ֥ב | 1 | gave Hebron as an inheritance to Caleb | Hebron is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Caleb received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 502 | JOS | 14 | 14 | gji6 | עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה | 1 | to this day | This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book. | |
| 503 | JOS | 14 | 14 | zii3 | figs-metaphor | מִלֵּ֔א אַחֲרֵ֕י יְהוָ֖ה | 1 | he completely followed Yahweh | Being loyal to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were completely following Yahweh. Alternate translation: “he remained loyal to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 504 | JOS | 14 | 15 | hyh6 | translate-names | קִרְיַ֣ת אַרְבַּ֔ע | 1 | Kiriath Arba | This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 505 | JOS | 14 | 15 | wv1z | figs-personification | וְהָאָ֥רֶץ שָׁקְטָ֖ה מִמִּלְחָמָֽה | 1 | Then the land had rest from war | The people no longer fighting wars is spoken of as if the land were a person who rested from war. See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 11:23](../11/23.md). Alternate translation: “Then the people no longer fought wars in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 506 | JOS | 15 | intro | ght5 | 0 | # Joshua 15 General Notes<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Judah. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |||
| 507 | JOS | 15 | 1 | ex51 | translate-names | צִ֛ן | 1 | Zin | This is the name of the wilderness area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 508 | JOS | 15 | 2 | k5za | מִקְצֵ֖ה יָ֣ם הַמֶּ֑לַח מִן־הַלָּשֹׁ֖ן הַפֹּנֶ֥ה נֶֽגְבָּה | 1 | from the end of the Salt Sea, from the bay that faces to the south | “from the bay that faces south at the end of the Salt Sea.” These two phrases refer to the same location. The second phrase clarifies the point at which the southern border begins. | |
| 509 | JOS | 15 | 2 | j6xn | מִן־הַלָּשֹׁ֖ן הַפֹּנֶ֥ה נֶֽגְבָּה | 1 | from the bay that faces to the south | Alternate translation: “from the bay that extends to the south” or “from the southern bay” | |
| 510 | JOS | 15 | 2 | qj2g | הַלָּשֹׁ֖ן | 1 | bay | smaller part of the sea that extends into the land | |
| 511 | JOS | 15 | 3 | kb99 | translate-names | עַקְרַבִּים֙…צִ֔נָה…חֶצְרוֹן֙…אַדָּ֔רָה…הַקַּרְקָֽעָה | 1 | Akrabbim … Zin … Hezron … Addar … Karka | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 512 | JOS | 15 | 4 | nzh3 | translate-names | עַצְמ֗וֹנָה | 1 | Azmon | This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 513 | JOS | 15 | 4 | d1b1 | translate-names | נַ֣חַל מִצְרַ֔יִם | 1 | brook of Egypt | a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land, near Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 514 | JOS | 15 | 5 | xrg4 | figs-metaphor | מִקְצֵ֖ה הַיַּרְדֵּֽן | 1 | at the mouth of the Jordan | The point at which the river empties into the sea is spoken of as if it were the mouth of the river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 515 | JOS | 15 | 5 | bl5c | וּגְב֞וּל | 1 | border … ran | Alternate translation: “border … was” | |
| 516 | JOS | 15 | 6 | lbt5 | translate-names | בֵּ֣ית חָגְלָ֔ה…לְבֵ֣ית הָעֲרָבָ֑ה | 1 | Beth Hoglah … Beth Arabah | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 517 | JOS | 15 | 6 | eqi7 | translate-names | אֶ֥בֶן בֹּ֖הַן | 1 | the Stone of Bohan | This was likely a large stone that someone set up as a landmark and named after the man, Bohan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 518 | JOS | 15 | 7 | n7k5 | translate-names | דְּבִרָה֮ מֵעֵ֣מֶק עָכוֹר֒…הַגִּלְגָּ֗ל…לְמַעֲלֵ֣ה אֲדֻמִּ֔ים…מֵי־עֵ֣ין שֶׁ֔מֶ…עֵ֥ין רֹגֵֽל | 1 | Debir … the Valley of Achor … the hill of Adummim … En Shemesh … En Rogel | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 519 | JOS | 15 | 8 | qa4u | translate-names | גֵּ֣י בֶן־הִנֹּ֗ם…עֵֽמֶק־רְפָאִ֖ים | 1 | the Valley of Ben Hinnom … the Valley of Rephaim | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 520 | JOS | 15 | 9 | hb3j | translate-names | נֶפְתּ֔וֹחַ…הַר־עֶפְר֑וֹן…קִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִֽים | 1 | Nephtoah … Mount Ephron … Baalah … Kiriath Jearim | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 521 | JOS | 15 | 10 | h92v | translate-names | מִבַּעֲלָ֥ה…הַ֣ר שֵׂעִ֔יר…הַר־יְעָרִ֛ים…כְסָל֑וֹן…בֵּֽית־שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ…תִּמְנָֽה | 1 | Baalah … Mount Seir … Mount Jearim … Kesalon … Beth Shemesh … Timnah | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 522 | JOS | 15 | 11 | n6qt | translate-names | שִׁכְּר֔וֹנָה…הַר־הַֽבַּעֲלָ֖ה…יַבְנְאֵ֑ל | 1 | Shikkeron … Mount Baalah … Jabneel | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 523 | JOS | 15 | 13 | gx9f | translate-names | אֶת־קִרְיַ֥ת אַרְבַּ֛ע | 1 | Kiriath Arba | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 524 | JOS | 15 | 13 | v154 | translate-names | אַרְבַּ֛ע…הָעֲנָ֖ק | 1 | Arba … Anak | These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 525 | JOS | 15 | 14 | jp1i | figs-explicit | אֶת־שְׁלוֹשָׁ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י הָעֲנָ֑ק אֶת־שֵׁשַׁ֤י וְאֶת־אֲחִימַן֙ וְאֶת־תַּלְמַ֔י יְלִידֵ֖י הָעֲנָֽק | 1 | the three sons of Anak: Sheshai, Ahiman and Talmai, descendants of Anak | These names represent clans of people who were descendants of Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai. The words “sons” and “descendants” in this context mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “the three clans, Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai, who were descendants of Anak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 526 | JOS | 15 | 14 | q23k | translate-names | הָעֲנָ֑ק אֶת־שֵׁשַׁ֤י וְאֶת־אֲחִימַן֙ וְאֶת־תַּלְמַ֔י | 1 | Anak … Sheshai … Ahiman … Talmai | These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 527 | JOS | 15 | 15 | n52j | וַיַּ֣עַל מִשָּׁ֔ם אֶל | 1 | He went up from there against | Alternate translation: “He went up from there to fight against” | |
| 528 | JOS | 15 | 15 | k99v | translate-names | דְּבִ֥ר…קִרְיַת־סֵֽפֶר | 1 | Debir … Kiriath Sepher | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 529 | JOS | 15 | 16 | hs9c | translate-names | אֶת־קִרְיַת־סֵ֖פֶר | 1 | Kiriath Sepher | This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 530 | JOS | 15 | 16 | z82q | translate-names | אֶת־עַכְסָ֥ה | 1 | Aksah | This is a woman’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 531 | JOS | 15 | 17 | kvc1 | translate-names | עָתְנִיאֵ֥ל…קְנַ֖ז | 1 | Othniel … Kenaz | These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 532 | JOS | 15 | 18 | d6qf | figs-idiom | בְּבוֹאָ֗הּ | 1 | Aksah came to Othniel | This is an idiom that refers to Aksah becoming Othniel’s wife. Alternate translation: “when Aksah became Othniel’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 533 | JOS | 15 | 18 | ia6d | figs-quotations | וַתְּסִיתֵ֨הוּ֙ לִשְׁא֤וֹל מֵֽאֵת־אָבִ֨יהָ֙ שָׂדֶ֔ה | 1 | she urged him to ask her father for a field. | This can be translated as direct speech. Alternate translation: “she urged him, ‘Ask my father to give me a field.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
| 534 | JOS | 15 | 19 | nun3 | אֵ֚ת גֻּלֹּ֣ת עִלִּיּ֔וֹת וְאֵ֖ת גֻּלֹּ֥ת תַּחְתִּיּֽוֹת | 1 | the upper springs and lower springs | The words “upper” and “lower” likely refer to the geographical altitude of the water springs. | |
| 535 | JOS | 15 | 20 | q76c | figs-metaphor | זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־יְהוּדָ֖ה | 1 | This was the inheritance of the tribe of Judah | The land that the tribe of Judah received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 536 | JOS | 15 | 46 | dfe2 | וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן | 1 | settlements | villages | |
| 537 | JOS | 15 | 47 | hsx1 | translate-names | נַ֣חַל מִצְרָ֑יִם | 1 | brook of Egypt | a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land near Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 538 | JOS | 15 | 63 | j68z | עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה | 1 | to this day | This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book. | |
| 539 | JOS | 16 | intro | bpv3 | 0 | # Joshua 16 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Ephraim, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |||
| 540 | JOS | 16 | 1 | b1k9 | figs-explicit | לִבְנֵ֤י יוֹסֵף֙ | 1 | the tribe of Joseph | The “tribe of Joseph” consisted of the tribes of Joseph’s two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. Since half of the tribe of Manasseh had settled east of the Jordan, this phrase refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 541 | JOS | 16 | 2 | g9td | translate-names | ל֑וּזָה…עֲטָרֽוֹת | 1 | Luz … Ataroth | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 542 | JOS | 16 | 2 | zs9f | translate-names | הָאַרְכִּ֖י | 1 | Arkites | This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 543 | JOS | 16 | 3 | w8gi | translate-names | הַיַּפְלֵטִ֗י | 1 | Japhletites | This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 544 | JOS | 16 | 3 | id59 | translate-names | בֵּית־חוֹרֹ֛ן תַּחְתּ֖וֹן…גָּ֑זֶר | 1 | Lower Beth Horon … Gezer | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 545 | JOS | 16 | 4 | u6fy | בְנֵי־יוֹסֵ֖ף מְנַשֶּׁ֥ה וְאֶפְרָֽיִם | 1 | the tribes of Joseph, Manasseh and Ephraim | Alternate translation: “the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim, the sons of Joseph” | |
| 546 | JOS | 16 | 4 | r4qw | figs-metaphor | וַיִּנְחֲל֥וּ | 1 | received their inheritance | The land that the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “received this land as their inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 547 | JOS | 16 | 5 | f2i9 | figs-activepassive | גְּב֥וּל בְּנֵֽי־אֶפְרַ֖יִם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם | 1 | The territory of the tribe of Ephraim, clan by clan | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The territory … that Joshua assigned to their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 548 | JOS | 16 | 5 | m6lu | translate-names | עַטְר֣וֹת אַדָּ֔ר…בֵּ֥ית חוֹרֹ֖ן עֶלְיֽוֹן | 1 | Ataroth Addar … Upper Beth Horon | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 549 | JOS | 16 | 6 | vg46 | translate-names | הַֽמִּכְמְתָת֙…תַּאֲנַ֣ת שִׁלֹ֑ה…יָנֽוֹחָה | 1 | Mikmethath … Taanath Shiloh … Janoah | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 550 | JOS | 16 | 7 | uyw7 | translate-names | מִיָּנ֖וֹחָה עֲטָר֣וֹת וְנַעֲרָ֑תָה | 1 | Janoah … Naarah | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 551 | JOS | 16 | 8 | at1t | translate-names | מִתַּפּ֜וּחַ…קָנָ֔ה | 1 | Tappuah … Kanah | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 552 | JOS | 16 | 8 | mb6i | figs-metaphor | זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־אֶפְרַ֖יִם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם | 1 | This was the inheritance of the tribe of Ephraim | The land that Ephraim possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land that the tribe of Ephraim received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 553 | JOS | 16 | 8 | ke41 | figs-activepassive | לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם | 1 | clan by clan | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which Joshua assigned to their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 554 | JOS | 16 | 9 | y6xs | figs-activepassive | וְהֶעָרִ֗ים הַמִּבְדָּלוֹת֙ | 1 | the cities that were chosen | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the cities that Joshua had chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 555 | JOS | 16 | 9 | f1yc | figs-metaphor | בְּת֖וֹךְ נַחֲלַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה | 1 | within the inheritance of the tribe of Manasseh | The land that the tribe of Manasseh possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “within the land that the tribe of Manasseh had received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 556 | JOS | 16 | 10 | au8e | עַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה | 1 | to this day | This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book. | |
| 557 | JOS | 16 | 10 | fth4 | figs-activepassive | וַיְהִ֖י לְמַס־עֹבֵֽד | 1 | these people were made to do forced labor | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the Israelites forced these people to work as slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 558 | JOS | 17 | intro | m3nk | 0 | # Joshua 17 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Manasseh’s lack of faith<br>Even though they were one of the largest and most powerful tribes of Israel, the tribe of Manasseh lacked faith in the power of Yahweh. This caused them many problems. It would also cause their descendants many problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Manasseh, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |||
| 559 | JOS | 17 | 1 | j2sj | translate-names | לְמָכִיר֩ | 1 | Makir | These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 560 | JOS | 17 | 1 | zuz5 | figs-activepassive | וַֽיְהִי־ל֖וֹ הַגִּלְעָ֥ד וְהַבָּשָֽׁן | 1 | Makir’s descendants were assigned the land of Gilead and Bashan | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned the land of Gilead and Bashan to Makir’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 561 | JOS | 17 | 2 | al47 | translate-names | אֲבִיעֶ֜זֶר…חֵ֗לֶק…אַשְׂרִיאֵל֙…שֶׁ֔כֶם…חֵ֖פֶר…שְׁמִידָ֑ע | 1 | Abiezer, Helek, Asriel, Shechem, Hepher, and Shemida | These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 562 | JOS | 17 | 2 | us2l | figs-activepassive | וַ֠יְהִי | 1 | Land was assigned … given to their clans | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned land … and gave them to their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 563 | JOS | 17 | 3 | u2e9 | translate-names | וְלִצְלָפְחָד֩…חֵ֨פֶ | 1 | Zelophehad … Hepher | These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 564 | JOS | 17 | 3 | k5z5 | translate-names | מַחְלָ֣ה וְנֹעָ֔ה חָגְלָ֥ה מִלְכָּ֖ה וְתִרְצָֽה | 1 | Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milkah, and Tirzah | These are women’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 565 | JOS | 17 | 4 | x2q2 | translate-names | אֶלְעָזָ֨ר | 1 | Eleazar | This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 566 | JOS | 17 | 4 | q55m | figs-metaphor | לָֽתֶת־לָ֥נוּ נַחֲלָ֖ה | 1 | to give to us an inheritance | The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “to give to us some land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 567 | JOS | 17 | 4 | s6fd | וַיִּתֵּ֨ן לָהֶ֜ם…נַֽחֲלָ֔ה | 1 | he gave those women an inheritance | Possible meanings are 1) “Joshua gave those women an inheritance” or 2) “Eleazar gave those women an inheritance.” | |
| 568 | JOS | 17 | 5 | d1c3 | figs-activepassive | וַיִּפְּל֥וּ חַבְלֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה עֲשָׂרָ֑ה | 1 | Ten parcels of land were assigned | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned ten parcels of land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 569 | JOS | 17 | 5 | z7zr | חַבְלֵֽי…עֲשָׂרָ֑ה | 1 | Ten parcels | Alternate translation: “Ten portions” | |
| 570 | JOS | 17 | 6 | d9gb | figs-metaphor | נָחֲל֥וּ נַחֲלָ֖ה | 1 | received an inheritance | The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “received land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 571 | JOS | 17 | 6 | qbx1 | figs-activepassive | הַגִּלְעָ֔ד הָיְתָ֥ה לִבְנֵֽי | 1 | The land of Gilead was assigned | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned the land of Gilead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 572 | JOS | 17 | 7 | jln6 | אֶל־הַיָּמִ֔ין | 1 | southward | toward the south | |
| 573 | JOS | 17 | 7 | dfe9 | translate-names | הַֽמִּכְמְתָ֔ת…תַּפּֽוּחַ | 1 | Mikmethath … Tappuah | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 574 | JOS | 17 | 9 | k7gp | הַגְּבוּל֩ | 1 | The border | Alternate translation: “The border of Manasseh’s land” | |
| 575 | JOS | 17 | 9 | l2af | נַ֨חַל | 1 | brook | a very small river | |
| 576 | JOS | 17 | 9 | qvi8 | translate-names | קָנָ֜ה | 1 | Kanah | name of a brook (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 577 | JOS | 17 | 10 | mi9b | figs-activepassive | וּבְאָשֵׁר֙ יִפְגְּע֣וּן מִצָּפ֔וֹן | 1 | On the north side Asher can be reached | Possible meanings are 1) that the border of Manasseh’s land on the north side touched the land that belonged to the tribe of Asher or 2) that one can travel north to reach Asher. Alternate translation: “Asher was on the north side” or “One can travel north to reach Asher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 578 | JOS | 17 | 10 | fj36 | figs-ellipsis | וּבְיִשָּׂשכָ֖ר מִמִּזְרָֽח | 1 | to the east, Issachar | The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “to the east, one can reach Issachar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 579 | JOS | 17 | 11 | s1sn | translate-names | בֵּית־שְׁאָ֣ן…וְיִבְלְעָ֨ם…דֹ֣אר…עֵֽין־דֹּר֙…תַעְנַךְ֙…מְגִדּ֖וֹ…הַנָּֽפֶת | 1 | Beth Shan … Ibleam … Dor … Endor … Taanach … Megiddo … Napheth | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 580 | JOS | 17 | 14 | b4j6 | figs-explicit | בְּנֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף | 1 | the descendants of Joseph | This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 581 | JOS | 17 | 14 | sk37 | figs-rquestion | מַדּוּעַ֩ נָתַ֨תָּה לִּ֜י נַחֲלָ֗ה גּוֹרָ֤ל אֶחָד֙ וְחֶ֣בֶל אֶחָ֔ד וַֽאֲנִ֣י עַם־רָ֔ב עַ֥ד אֲשֶׁר־עַד־כֹּ֖ה בֵּֽרְכַ֥נִי יְהוָֽה | 1 | Why have you given us only one … Yahweh has blessed us? | The people of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh ask this question to emphasize that Joshua should have assigned to them more land. Alternate translation: “You should have given us more than one … Yahweh has blessed us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 582 | JOS | 17 | 14 | ju22 | figs-doublet | גּוֹרָ֤ל אֶחָד֙ וְחֶ֣בֶל אֶחָ֔ד | 1 | one assignment of land and one portion for an inheritance | These two phrases mean basically the same thing. In the second, the land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “one assignment of land as our inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 583 | JOS | 17 | 14 | dg92 | וְחֶ֣בֶל | 1 | portion | part | |
| 584 | JOS | 17 | 14 | p7z5 | עַם־רָ֔ב עַ֥ד | 1 | people great in number | Alternate translation: “many people” | |
| 585 | JOS | 17 | 15 | d24l | אִם־עַם־רַ֤ב אַתָּה֙ | 1 | If you are a people great in number | Alternate translation: “Since you are a people great in number” | |
| 586 | JOS | 17 | 15 | psc4 | translate-names | וְהָֽרְפָאִ֑ים | 1 | Rephaim | This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 587 | JOS | 17 | 16 | g788 | translate-names | בְּבֵית־שְׁאָן֙…יִזְרְעֶֽאל | 1 | Beth Shan … Jezreel | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 588 | JOS | 17 | 17 | wa3y | figs-metonymy | בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵ֔ף | 1 | the house of Joseph | Here the word “house” refers to the descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 589 | JOS | 17 | 18 | w4m4 | וּבֵ֣רֵאת֔וֹ | 1 | you will clear it | Alternate translation: “you will clear the forest of trees” or “you will cut down its trees” | |
| 590 | JOS | 18 | intro | j38i | 0 | # Joshua 18 General Notes<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |||
| 591 | JOS | 18 | 1 | fkg2 | figs-events | וְהָאָ֥רֶץ נִכְבְּשָׁ֖ה לִפְנֵיהֶֽם | 1 | and they conquered the land | They had conquered the people who lived in the land before they set up the tent of meeting. Alternate translation: “after they had conquered the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) |
| 592 | JOS | 18 | 2 | ynk6 | figs-metaphor | אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־חָלְק֖וּ אֶת־נַֽחֲלָתָ֑ם | 1 | whose inheritance had not been assigned | The land that the tribes would receive is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to whom Joshua had not assigned land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 593 | JOS | 18 | 3 | bia9 | figs-rquestion | עַד־אָ֨נָה֙ אַתֶּ֣ם מִתְרַפִּ֔ים לָבוֹא֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן לָכֶ֔ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶֽם | 1 | How long will you put off … has given you? | Joshua asks this question in order to encourage the Israelites to take possession of the land. Alternate translation: “For long enough, you have put off … has given you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 594 | JOS | 18 | 4 | p7hg | figs-idiom | וְיִֽתְהַלְּכ֥וּ בָאָ֛רֶץ | 1 | the land up and down | The words “up and down” mean in every direction. Alternate translation: “the land in every direction” or “throughout the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 595 | JOS | 18 | 4 | zry7 | וְיִכְתְּב֥וּ אוֹתָ֛הּ לְפִ֥י נַֽחֲלָתָ֖ם | 1 | write out a description of it with a view to their inheritances | This means that they will describe the portions of land that each tribe would like to receive for an inheritance. | |
| 596 | JOS | 18 | 4 | lh9w | figs-metaphor | נַֽחֲלָתָ֖ם | 1 | their inheritances | The land that they are to survey is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that each of the tribes would receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 597 | JOS | 18 | 5 | e13l | 0 | General Information: | Joshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel. | ||
| 598 | JOS | 18 | 5 | dmy4 | וְהִֽתְחַלְּק֥וּ אֹתָ֖הּ | 1 | They will divide it | Alternate translation: “They will divide the land” | |
| 599 | JOS | 18 | 5 | y5gn | יְהוּדָ֞ה יַעֲמֹ֤ד | 1 | Judah will remain | Alternate translation: “The tribe of Judah will remain” | |
| 600 | JOS | 18 | 5 | d41l | figs-metonymy | וּבֵ֥ית יוֹסֵ֛ף | 1 | the house of Joseph | Here the word “house” represents the descendants of Joseph. The phrase refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 601 | JOS | 18 | 7 | v3qr | 0 | General Information: | Joshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel. | ||
| 602 | JOS | 18 | 7 | e6s8 | אֵֽין־חֵ֤לֶק | 1 | no portion | Alternate translation: “no portion of land” | |
| 603 | JOS | 18 | 7 | kus7 | figs-metaphor | כִּֽי־כְהֻנַּ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה נַחֲלָת֑וֹ | 1 | for the priesthood of Yahweh is their inheritance | Joshua speaks of the great honor that the Levites have by serving Yahweh as priests as if it were something that they inherited. Alternate translation: “for the priesthood of Yahweh is what they have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 604 | JOS | 18 | 7 | eqg6 | וַחֲצִי֩ שֵׁ֨בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֜ה | 1 | the half tribe of Manasseh | Alternate translation: “half of the tribe of Manasseh” | |
| 605 | JOS | 18 | 7 | cyc8 | figs-metaphor | לָקְח֣וּ נַחֲלָתָ֗ם | 1 | have received their inheritance | The land that the tribes received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “have received land as their inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 606 | JOS | 18 | 8 | t1cr | 0 | General Information: | Joshua speaks to the twenty-one men who were to go look at the land. | ||
| 607 | JOS | 18 | 8 | p238 | figs-idiom | וְהִתְהַלְּכ֨וּ בָאָ֜רֶץ | 1 | up and down in the land | The words “up and down” mean in every direction. See how you translated this in [Joshua 18:4](../18/04.md). Alternate translation: “in every direction in the land” or “throughout the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 608 | JOS | 18 | 10 | pz3n | figs-activepassive | כְּמַחְלְקֹתָֽם | 1 | to each was given his portion of the land | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to each tribe Joshua gave their portion in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 609 | JOS | 18 | 11 | hd7v | בֵּ֚ין בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּבֵ֖ין בְּנֵ֥י יוֹסֵֽף | 1 | between the descendants of Judah and the descendants of Joseph | Alternate translation: “between the land that belonged to the descendants of Judah and the land that belonged to the descendants of Joseph” | |
| 610 | JOS | 18 | 11 | ib4f | figs-explicit | בְּנֵ֥י יוֹסֵֽף | 1 | the descendants of Joseph | This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 611 | JOS | 18 | 12 | ij99 | translate-names | בֵּ֥ית אָֽוֶן | 1 | Beth Aven | This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 612 | JOS | 18 | 13 | hx15 | translate-names | ל֨וּזָה֙…בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל…עַטְר֣וֹת אַדָּ֔ר…לְבֵית־חֹר֖וֹן | 1 | Luz … Ataroth Addar … Beth Horon | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 613 | JOS | 18 | 14 | h4e6 | הַגְּבוּל֩ | 1 | The boundary | This refers to the same thing as “the border” in verse 13. | |
| 614 | JOS | 18 | 14 | eq7x | translate-names | קִרְיַת־בַּ֨עַל֙…קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֔ים | 1 | Kiriath Baal … Kiriath Jearim | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 615 | JOS | 18 | 15 | ulq2 | translate-names | קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֑ים…נֶפְתּֽוֹחַ | 1 | Kiriath Jearim … Ephron … Nephtoah | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 616 | JOS | 18 | 16 | br6t | translate-names | בֶן־הִנֹּ֔ם…רְפָאִ֖ים…הִנֹּ֜ם…עֵ֥ין רֹגֵֽל | 1 | Ben Hinnom … Rephaim … Hinnom … En Rogel | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 617 | JOS | 18 | 17 | d8dt | translate-names | עֵ֣ין שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ…גְּלִיל֔וֹת…אֲדֻמִּ֑ים | 1 | En Shemesh … Geliloth … Adummim | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 618 | JOS | 18 | 17 | z2mh | translate-names | אֶ֥בֶן בֹּ֖הַן | 1 | the Stone of Bohan | This was likely a large stone that someone set up as a landmark and named after the man, Bohan. See how you translated this in [Joshua 15:6](../15/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 619 | JOS | 18 | 18 | g6td | figs-metaphor | כֶּ֥תֶף מוּל־הָֽעֲרָבָ֖ה | 1 | the shoulder of Beth Arabah | Land that is in the form of a slope or ridge is spoken of as if it were a shoulder. Alternate translation: “the slope of Beth Arabah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 620 | JOS | 18 | 18 | b98y | translate-names | מוּל־הָֽעֲרָבָ֖ה | 1 | Beth Arabah | This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 621 | JOS | 18 | 19 | k48g | figs-metaphor | כֶּ֣תֶף בֵּית־חָגְלָה֮ צָפוֹנָה֒ | 1 | the north shoulder of Beth Hoglah | Land that is in the form of a slope or ridge is spoken of as if it were a shoulder. Alternate translation: “the north slope of Beth Hoglah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 622 | JOS | 18 | 19 | xy3i | translate-names | בֵּית־חָגְלָה֮ | 1 | Beth Hoglah | This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 623 | JOS | 18 | 20 | ywb2 | figs-metaphor | זֹ֡את נַחֲלַת֩ בְּנֵ֨י בִנְיָמִ֧ן | 1 | This was the inheritance of the tribe of Benjamin | The land that the tribe of Benjamin received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 624 | JOS | 18 | 20 | pe6e | figs-activepassive | לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם | 1 | it was given clan by clan | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joshua gave it to each of their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 625 | JOS | 18 | 21 | i6af | translate-names | 0 | General Information: | The writer lists the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 626 | JOS | 18 | 24 | jsu9 | וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן | 1 | their villages | Alternate translation: “the villages around them” | |
| 627 | JOS | 18 | 28 | t3aa | figs-metaphor | זֹ֛את נַֽחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִ֖ן | 1 | This was the inheritance of Benjamin | The land and cities that the tribe of Benjamin received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 628 | JOS | 19 | intro | j62l | 0 | # Joshua 19 General Notes<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |||
| 629 | JOS | 19 | 1 | s149 | וַיֵּצֵ֞א הַגּוֹרָ֤ל הַשֵּׁנִי֙ לְשִׁמְע֔וֹן | 1 | The second casting of lots fell to Simeon | Alternate translation: “The second time Joshua cast lots, the lot indicated the tribe of Simeon” | |
| 630 | JOS | 19 | 1 | gl7x | translate-ordinal | הַשֵּׁנִי֙ | 1 | The second | number two in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) |
| 631 | JOS | 19 | 1 | z9r9 | לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָ֑ם | 1 | clan by clan | Alternate translation: “and Joshua assigned the land to each of their clans” | |
| 632 | JOS | 19 | 1 | u57y | figs-metaphor | וַֽיְהִי֙ נַֽחֲלָתָ֔ם בְּת֖וֹךְ נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָֽה | 1 | Their inheritance was in the middle of the inheritance that belonged to the tribe of Judah | The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribes received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “The land that they received as an inheritance was in the middle of the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 633 | JOS | 19 | 2 | kg51 | translate-names | 0 | General Information: | The writer lists cities that were in the land that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 634 | JOS | 19 | 2 | eu6h | figs-metaphor | וַיְהִ֥י לָהֶ֖ם בְּנַֽחֲלָתָ֑ם | 1 | They had for their inheritance | The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “They had the following cities for their inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 635 | JOS | 19 | 5 | f4vb | וְצִֽקְלַ֥ג | 1 | Ziklag | See how you translated the name of this city in [Joshua 15:31](../15/31.md). | |
| 636 | JOS | 19 | 8 | uc1c | figs-metaphor | זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־שִׁמְע֖וֹן | 1 | This was the inheritance of the tribe of Simeon | The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 637 | JOS | 19 | 8 | q586 | figs-activepassive | לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם | 1 | clan by clan | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which Joshua gave to their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 638 | JOS | 19 | 9 | lep5 | figs-activepassive | מֵחֶ֨בֶל֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה | 1 | the portion of land assigned to the tribe of Judah | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the portion of land which Joshua assigned to the tribe of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 639 | JOS | 19 | 9 | p2ji | בְּת֥וֹךְ נַחֲלָתָֽם | 1 | the middle of their portion | Alternate translation: “the middle of Judah’s portion of land” | |
| 640 | JOS | 19 | 10 | f5gu | וַיַּ֨עַל֙ הַגּוֹרָ֣ל הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י | 1 | The third casting of lots | See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). | |
| 641 | JOS | 19 | 10 | s2j1 | translate-ordinal | הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י | 1 | The third | number three in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) |
| 642 | JOS | 19 | 10 | vde5 | translate-names | שָׂרִֽיד | 1 | Sarid | This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 643 | JOS | 19 | 11 | v9gp | translate-names | וּמַרְעֲלָ֖ה…בְּדַבָּ֑שֶׁת…יָקְנְעָֽם | 1 | Maralah … Dabbesheth … Jokneam | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 644 | JOS | 19 | 11 | gx7v | עַל־פְּנֵ֥י יָקְנְעָֽם | 1 | opposite Jokneam | Alternate translation: “across from Jokneam” | |
| 645 | JOS | 19 | 12 | n9dc | translate-names | מִשָּׂרִ֗יד…כִּסְלֹ֖ת תָּבֹ֑ר…הַדָּֽבְרַ֖ת…יָפִֽיעַ | 1 | Sarid … Kisloth Tabor … Daberath … Japhia | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 646 | JOS | 19 | 13 | dqd5 | translate-names | גִּתָּ֥ה חֵ֖פֶר עִתָּ֣ה קָצִ֑ין…רִמּ֥וֹן…הַנֵּעָֽה | 1 | Gath Hepher … Eth Kazin … Rimmon … Neah | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 647 | JOS | 19 | 14 | ja4s | translate-names | חַנָּתֹ֑ן…יִפְתַּח־אֵֽל | 1 | Hannathon … Iphtah El | These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 648 | JOS | 19 | 15 | xk4u | translate-names | וְקַטָּ֤ת וְנַֽהֲלָל֙ וְשִׁמְר֔וֹן וְיִדְאֲלָ֖ה וּבֵ֣ית לָ֑חֶם | 1 | Kattath … Nahalal … Shimron … Idalah … Bethlehem | These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 649 | JOS | 19 | 15 | yn5n | translate-names | וּבֵ֣ית לָ֑חֶם | 1 | Bethlehem | This is not the same “Bethlehem” that is south of Jerusalem in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 650 | JOS | 19 | 16 | a4ee | figs-metaphor | זֹ֛את נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־זְבוּלֻ֖ן | 1 | This was the inheritance of the tribe of Zebulun | The land and cities that the tribe of Zebulun received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Zebulun received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 651 | JOS | 19 | 17 | fum5 | יָצָ֖א הַגּוֹרָ֣ל הָֽרְבִיעִ֑י | 1 | The fourth casting of lots | See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). | |
| 652 | JOS | 19 | 17 | l33x | translate-ordinal | הָֽרְבִיעִ֑י | 1 | The fourth | number four in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) |
| 653 | JOS | 19 | 18 | qmg4 | translate-names | וְהַכְּסוּלֹ֖ת וְשׁוּנֵֽם | 1 | Chesulloth … Shunem | These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 654 | JOS | 19 | 19 | c3ti | translate-names | וַחֲפָרַ֥יִם וְשִׁיאֹ֖ן וַאֲנָחֲרַֽת | 1 | Hapharaim … Shion … Anaharath | These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 655 | JOS | 19 | 20 | mft4 | translate-names | וְהָֽרַבִּ֥ית וְקִשְׁי֖וֹן וָאָֽבֶץ | 1 | Rabbith … Kishion … Ebez | These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 656 | JOS | 19 | 21 | b1ex | translate-names | וְרֶ֧מֶת וְעֵין־גַּנִּ֛ים וְעֵ֥ין חַדָּ֖ה וּבֵ֥ית פַּצֵּֽץ | 1 | Remeth … En Gannim … En Haddah … Beth Pazzez | These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 657 | JOS | 19 | 22 | hs7i | translate-names | בְּתָב֤וֹר | 1 | Tabor | This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 658 | JOS | 19 | 22 | ht1e | translate-names | ושחצומה | 1 | Shahazumah | This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 659 | JOS | 19 | 23 | yll2 | figs-metaphor | זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר | 1 | This was the inheritance of the tribe of Issachar | The land and cities that the tribe of Issachar received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Issachar received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 660 | JOS | 19 | 24 | lhr4 | וַיֵּצֵא֙ הַגּוֹרָ֣ל הַֽחֲמִישִׁ֔י | 1 | The fifth casting of lots | See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). | |
| 661 | JOS | 19 | 24 | xa5a | translate-ordinal | הַֽחֲמִישִׁ֔י | 1 | The fifth | number five in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) |
| 662 | JOS | 19 | 25 | prg9 | translate-names | חֶלְקַ֥ת וַחֲלִ֖י וָבֶ֥טֶן וְאַכְשָֽׁף | 1 | Helkath, Hali, Beten, Akshaph | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 663 | JOS | 19 | 26 | v6t4 | translate-names | וְאַֽלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ וְעַמְעָ֖ד וּמִשְׁאָ֑ל…וּבְשִׁיח֖וֹר לִבְנָֽת | 1 | Allammelek, Amad, and Mishall … Shihor Libnath | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 664 | JOS | 19 | 27 | pbh2 | translate-names | בֵּ֣ית דָּגֹן֒…וּבְגֵ֨י יִפְתַּח־אֵ֥ל…בֵּ֥ית הָעֵ֖מֶק וּנְעִיאֵ֑ל…כָּב֖וּל | 1 | Beth Dagon … Valley of Iphtah El … Beth Emek … Neiel … Kabul | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 665 | JOS | 19 | 28 | ht1l | translate-names | וְעֶבְרֹ֥ן וּרְחֹ֖ב וְחַמּ֣וֹן וְקָנָ֑ה | 1 | Abdon … Rehob … Hammon … Kanah | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 666 | JOS | 19 | 29 | q8wz | translate-names | חֹסָ֔ה…אַכְזִֽיבָה | 1 | Hosah … Akzib | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 667 | JOS | 19 | 30 | y1g5 | translate-names | וְעֻמָ֥ה וַאֲפֵ֖ק וּרְחֹ֑ב | 1 | Ummah … Aphek … Rehob | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 668 | JOS | 19 | 31 | x4aq | figs-metaphor | זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־אָשֵׁ֖ר | 1 | This was the inheritance of the tribe of Asher | The land and cities that the tribe of Asher received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Asher received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 669 | JOS | 19 | 32 | jy7g | יָצָ֖א הַגּוֹרָ֣ל הַשִּׁשִּׁ֑י | 1 | The sixth casting of lots | See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). | |
| 670 | JOS | 19 | 32 | jjm6 | translate-ordinal | הַשִּׁשִּׁ֑י | 1 | The sixth | number six in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) |
| 671 | JOS | 19 | 33 | syr4 | translate-names | מֵחֵ֨לֶף…בְּצַעֲנַנִּ֗ים וַאֲדָמִ֥י הַנֶּ֛קֶב וְיַבְנְאֵ֖ל…לַקּ֑וּם | 1 | Heleph … Zaanannim … Adami Nekeb … Jabneel … Lakkum | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 672 | JOS | 19 | 34 | lu5s | translate-names | אַזְנ֣וֹת תָּב֔וֹר…חוּקֹ֑קָה | 1 | Aznoth Tabor … Hukkok | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 673 | JOS | 19 | 35 | h8p6 | translate-names | הַצִּדִּ֣ים צֵ֔ר וְחַמַּ֖ת רַקַּ֥ת וְכִנָּֽרֶת | 1 | Ziddim … Zer … Hammath … Rakkath … Kinnereth | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 674 | JOS | 19 | 35 | lq51 | וְחַמַּ֖ת | 1 | Hammath | This is not the same location as “Hamath,” but is located on the west shore of the Sea of Galilee. | |
| 675 | JOS | 19 | 36 | e379 | translate-names | וַאֲדָמָ֥ה וְהָרָמָ֖ה וְחָצֽוֹר | 1 | Adamah … Ramah … Hazor | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 676 | JOS | 19 | 37 | vez5 | translate-names | וְקֶ֥דֶשׁ וְאֶדְרֶ֖עִי וְעֵ֥ין חָצֽוֹר | 1 | Kedesh … Edrei … En Hazor | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 677 | JOS | 19 | 38 | jp9v | translate-names | וְיִרְאוֹן֙ וּמִגְדַּל־אֵ֔ל חֳרֵ֥ם וּבֵית־עֲנָ֖ת וּבֵ֣ית שָׁ֑מֶשׁ | 1 | Yiron … Migdal El … Horem … Beth Anath | These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 678 | JOS | 19 | 39 | s9en | figs-metaphor | זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־נַפְתָּלִ֖י | 1 | This was the inheritance of the tribe of Naphtali | The land and cities that the tribe of Naphtali received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Naphtali received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 679 | JOS | 19 | 40 | q3a2 | יָצָ֖א הַגּוֹרָ֥ל הַשְּׁבִיעִֽי | 1 | The seventh casting of lots | See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). | |
| 680 | JOS | 19 | 40 | b1tt | translate-ordinal | הַשְּׁבִיעִֽי | 1 | The seventh | number seven in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) |
| 681 | JOS | 19 | 41 | d7it | figs-metaphor | גְּב֣וּל נַחֲלָתָ֑ם | 1 | The territory of its inheritance | The land that the tribe of Dan received is spoken of as if it was an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “The territory of land that the tribe of Dan received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 682 | JOS | 19 | 41 | b8bg | translate-names | צָרְעָ֥ה וְאֶשְׁתָּא֖וֹל וְעִ֥יר שָֽׁמֶשׁ | 1 | Zorah, Eshtaol, Ir Shemesh | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 683 | JOS | 19 | 42 | q637 | translate-names | וְשַֽׁעֲלַבִּ֥ין וְאַיָּל֖וֹן וְיִתְלָֽה | 1 | Shaalabbin, Aijalon, and Ithlah | These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 684 | JOS | 19 | 43 | sht1 | translate-names | וְאֵיל֥וֹן וְתִמְנָ֖תָה וְעֶקְרֽוֹן | 1 | Elon, Timnah, Ekron | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 685 | JOS | 19 | 44 | gca7 | translate-names | וְאֶלְתְּקֵ֥ה וְגִבְּת֖וֹן וּבַעֲלָֽת | 1 | Eltekeh, Gibbethon, Baalath | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 686 | JOS | 19 | 45 | yan4 | translate-names | וִיהֻ֥ד וּבְנֵֽי־בְרַ֖ק וְגַת־רִמּֽוֹן | 1 | Jehud, Bene Berak, Gath Rimmon | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 687 | JOS | 19 | 46 | ddh6 | translate-names | וּמֵ֥י הַיַּרְק֖וֹן וְהָֽרַקּ֑וֹן | 1 | Me Jarkon … Rakkon | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 688 | JOS | 19 | 46 | w42c | מ֥וּל יָפֽוֹ | 1 | across from Joppa | Alternate translation: “opposite Joppa” or “beside Joppa” | |
| 689 | JOS | 19 | 47 | i8zh | translate-names | לֶ֜שֶׁם | 1 | Leshem | This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 690 | JOS | 19 | 48 | cx9h | figs-metaphor | זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־דָ֖ן | 1 | This was the inheritance of the tribe of Dan | The land and cities that the tribe of Dan received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Dan received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 691 | JOS | 19 | 49 | jzi6 | figs-metaphor | וַיִּתְּנ֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל נַחֲלָ֛ה לִיהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ בִּן־נ֖וּן בְּתוֹכָֽם | 1 | gave an inheritance among themselves to Joshua son of Nun | The city that Joshua received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “gave a city within their own land as an inheritance to Joshua son of Nun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 692 | JOS | 19 | 50 | ac8r | translate-names | אֶת־תִּמְנַת־סֶ֖רַח | 1 | Timnath Serah | This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 693 | JOS | 19 | 51 | cs47 | figs-metaphor | אֵ֣לֶּה הַנְּחָלֹ֡ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִחֲל֣וּ | 1 | These are the inheritances … assigned | The land and cities that the various tribes received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “These are the portions of land and the cities … assigned as inheritances” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 694 | JOS | 20 | intro | vg5f | 0 | # Joshua 20 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Cities of Refuge<br><br>If a person was killed, it was the duty of his relatives to kill the killer. If the death was an accident, this would be unfair. Therefore, God told the Israelites to make cities of refuge for a person who killed someone accidentally. In the city where he sought refuge, his case would be solved legally: “Do this so that one who unintentionally kills a person can go there. These cities will be a place of refuge from anyone who seeks to avenge the blood of a person who was killed.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/refuge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]]) | |||
| 695 | JOS | 20 | 2 | qhs6 | figs-metonymy | בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה | 1 | by the hand of Moses | Here “hand of Moses” refers to the scriptures that Moses wrote down. Alternate translation: “through the things that Moses wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 696 | JOS | 20 | 3 | a1vg | מַכֵּה־נֶ֥פֶשׁ בִּשְׁגָגָ֖ה | 1 | unintentionally kills | This happens when a person accidentally kills another person, without intending to do so. | |
| 697 | JOS | 20 | 3 | h73b | figs-metonymy | מִגֹּאֵ֖ל הַדָּֽם | 1 | avenge the blood of a person who was killed | Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 698 | JOS | 20 | 4 | u2dh | וְנָ֞ס | 1 | He will run | Here the word “he” refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone. | |
| 699 | JOS | 20 | 4 | p1sg | וְדִבֶּ֛ר בְּאָזְנֵ֛י זִקְנֵ֥י־הָעִֽיר הַהִ֖יא אֶת־דְּבָרָ֑יו | 1 | explain his case to the elders of that city | “convince the elders of that city that he had not intentionally killed the person. | |
| 700 | JOS | 20 | 4 | dhh4 | וְאָסְפ֨וּ אֹת֤וֹ | 1 | Then they will take him | The word “they” refers to the elders and “him” refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone. | |
| 701 | JOS | 20 | 4 | k969 | וְיָשַׁ֥ב עִמָּֽם | 1 | live among them | This refers to the city as a whole, not to the elders only. | |
| 702 | JOS | 20 | 5 | x945 | figs-metonymy | גֹּאֵ֤ל הַדָּם֙ | 1 | avenge the blood of the person who was killed | Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Joshua 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 703 | JOS | 20 | 5 | u27s | בִבְלִי־דַ֨עַת֙ הִכָּ֣ה אֶת־רֵעֵ֔הוּ | 1 | killed his neighbor unintentionally | accidentally killed his neighbor | |
| 704 | JOS | 20 | 6 | c6fe | עָמְד֞וֹ לִפְנֵ֤י הָֽעֵדָה֙ | 1 | stood before the assembly | This is a phrase that describes standing to seek justice from a court of the assembly of his fellow citizens. | |
| 705 | JOS | 20 | 7 | lyr5 | translate-names | 0 | General Information: | There are a lot of names in this section. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 706 | JOS | 20 | 8 | cy8e | לְיַרְדֵּ֤ן | 1 | the Jordan | This is a short name for the Jordan River. | |
| 707 | JOS | 20 | 9 | b89x | figs-idiom | וְלֹ֣א יָמ֗וּת בְּיַד֙ גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֔ם | 1 | would not die by the hand of the one | Here “by the hand” is an idiom that means to be the specific cause of something. Alternate translation: “would not be killed by the one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 708 | JOS | 20 | 9 | j61z | figs-metonymy | גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֔ם | 1 | avenge the blood that was shed | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Joshua 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 709 | JOS | 21 | intro | pp5c | 0 | # Joshua 21 General Notes<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Levi. Even though they did not receive a large piece of land like the other tribes, they did receive small pieces of land to live on and for their animals. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |||
| 710 | JOS | 21 | 1 | js4y | translate-names | אֶלְעָזָר֙…נ֑וּן | 1 | Eleazar … Nun | These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 711 | JOS | 21 | 2 | wk1t | וַיְדַבְּר֨וּ אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם | 1 | They said to them | Alternate translation: “The Levites said to them” | |
| 712 | JOS | 21 | 2 | wk1m | figs-idiom | יְהוָה֙ צִוָּ֣ה בְיַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה | 1 | Yahweh commanded you by the hand of Moses | The phrase “by the hand of” is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Moses to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “Yahweh told Moses to command you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 713 | JOS | 21 | 3 | f9ei | אֶת־הֶעָרִ֥ים | 1 | following cities | This refers to the cities to be listed in the next verses. | |
| 714 | JOS | 21 | 4 | r4ry | וַיֵּצֵ֥א הַגּוֹרָ֖ל | 1 | casting of lots | A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). | |
| 715 | JOS | 21 | 4 | fl2y | translate-names | הַקְּהָתִ֑י | 1 | Kohathites | This priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 716 | JOS | 21 | 5 | iwh3 | וּמֵחֲצִ֨י | 1 | half tribe | Half the tribe because the other half received their inheritance before crossing the Jordan River. | |
| 717 | JOS | 21 | 6 | bk5g | translate-names | גֵרְשׁ֗וֹן | 1 | Gershon | Gershon was one of the sons of Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 718 | JOS | 21 | 6 | ezu2 | בַּגּוֹרָ֔ל | 1 | casting of lots | A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). | |
| 719 | JOS | 21 | 7 | cg61 | translate-names | מְרָרִ֜י | 1 | Merari | Merari was one of the sons of Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 720 | JOS | 21 | 8 | qe5y | figs-metonymy | צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁ֖ה | 1 | Yahweh had commanded by the hand of Moses | The phrase “by the hand of” here means that Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “Yahweh had told Moses to command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 721 | JOS | 21 | 10 | t6l2 | translate-names | מִמִּשְׁפְּח֥וֹת הַקְּהָתִ֖י | 1 | clans of the Kohathites | The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. See how you translated this in [Joshua 21:2](../21/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 722 | JOS | 21 | 10 | tnp1 | הַגּוֹרָ֖ל | 1 | casting of lots | A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). | |
| 723 | JOS | 21 | 11 | vkd2 | writing-background | אַרְבַּ֨ע אֲבִ֧י הָֽעֲנ֛וֹק | 1 | Arba had been the father of Anak | This is background information about the name of the man who founded the city of Kiriath Arba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
| 724 | JOS | 21 | 11 | mn2g | translate-names | הָֽעֲנ֛וֹק | 1 | Anak | This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 725 | JOS | 21 | 11 | vd7d | בְּהַ֣ר | 1 | hill country | An area of land with natural elevations, smaller than mountains. | |
| 726 | JOS | 21 | 11 | kwe7 | מִגְרָשֶׁ֖הָ | 1 | pasturelands | An area covered with grass or plants suitable for the grazing of livestock or cattle. | |
| 727 | JOS | 21 | 12 | aj9s | שְׂדֵ֥ה הָעִ֖יר | 1 | fields of the city | Areas of open land, usually, planted with crops, belonging to and surrounding the city. | |
| 728 | JOS | 21 | 12 | uz84 | חֲצֵרֶ֑יהָ | 1 | villages | Small communities, usually smaller than a town. | |
| 729 | JOS | 21 | 13 | p1nr | translate-names | לִבְנָ֖ה | 1 | Libnah | This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 730 | JOS | 21 | 14 | q8gl | translate-names | יַתִּר֙…אֶשְׁתְּמֹ֖עַ | 1 | Jattir … Eshtemoa | These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 731 | JOS | 21 | 15 | cb4t | translate-names | חֹלֹן֙…דְּבִ֖ר | 1 | Holon … Debir | These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 732 | JOS | 21 | 16 | bx8i | translate-names | עַ֣יִן…יֻטָּה֙ | 1 | Ain … Juttah | These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 733 | JOS | 21 | 17 | e8r4 | figs-activepassive | וּמִמַּטֵּ֣ה בִנְיָמִ֔ן | 1 | From the tribe of Benjamin were given Gibeon | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Benjamin gave Gibeon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 734 | JOS | 21 | 17 | fd6z | translate-names | אֶת־גֶּ֖בַע | 1 | Geba | This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 735 | JOS | 21 | 18 | sk7n | translate-names | אֶת־עֲנָתוֹת֙…עַלְמ֖וֹן | 1 | Anathoth … Almon | These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 736 | JOS | 21 | 19 | ha9f | translate-numbers | שְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה עָרִ֖ים | 1 | thirteen cities | “13 cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 737 | JOS | 21 | 20 | lfp9 | translate-names | וּלְמִשְׁפְּח֤וֹת בְּנֵֽי־קְהָת֙ | 1 | the Kohathite clans | The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 738 | JOS | 21 | 20 | x8eu | figs-activepassive | וַֽיְהִי֙ עָרֵ֣י גֽוֹרָלָ֔ם | 1 | they had cities given to them | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they received cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 739 | JOS | 21 | 20 | tg75 | גֽוֹרָלָ֔ם | 1 | casting of lots | A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). | |
| 740 | JOS | 21 | 21 | kz7k | translate-names | גֶּ֖זֶר | 1 | Gezer | This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 741 | JOS | 21 | 22 | tv2m | translate-names | קִבְצַ֨יִם֙…בֵּ֥ית חוֹרֹ֖ן | 1 | Kibzaim … Beth Horon | names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 742 | JOS | 21 | 22 | r4hl | translate-numbers | עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע | 1 | four cities in all | This refers to the list by the total number. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 743 | JOS | 21 | 23 | dw9x | figs-activepassive | וּמִמַּ֨טֵּה־דָ֔ן | 1 | From the tribe of Dan, the clan of Kohath was given Eltekeh | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Dan gave to the clan of Kohath Eltekeh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 744 | JOS | 21 | 23 | r7qr | translate-names | אֶֽת־אֶלְתְּקֵ֖א…גִּבְּת֖וֹן | 1 | Eltekeh … Gibbethon | These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 745 | JOS | 21 | 24 | g45w | translate-names | אֶת־אַיָּלוֹן֙…אֶת־גַּת־רִמּ֖וֹן | 1 | Aijalon … Gath Rimmon | These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 746 | JOS | 21 | 24 | g4ma | translate-numbers | עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע | 1 | four cities | This refers to the number of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 747 | JOS | 21 | 25 | e6cl | figs-activepassive | וּמִֽמַּחֲצִית֙ מַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה אֶת־תַּעְנַךְ֙ | 1 | From the half tribe of Manasseh, the clan of Kohath was given Taanach | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The half tribe of Manasseh gave to the clan of Kohath Taanach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 748 | JOS | 21 | 25 | yn8h | translate-names | אֶת־תַּעְנַךְ֙…גַּת־רִמּ֖וֹן | 1 | Taanach … Gath Rimmon | These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 749 | JOS | 21 | 26 | hn9j | translate-names | לְמִשְׁפְּח֥וֹת בְּנֵֽי־קְהָ֖ת | 1 | clans of the Kohathites | The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 750 | JOS | 21 | 27 | knk6 | translate-names | אֶת־גּוֹלָ֤ן…אֶֽת־בְּעֶשְׁתְּרָ֖ה | 1 | Golan … Be Eshterah | names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 751 | JOS | 21 | 27 | bmc9 | הָרֹצֵ֔חַ | 1 | killed another unintentionally | This refers to a death resulting from an action not intended to harm a person. | |
| 752 | JOS | 21 | 27 | a1zs | translate-numbers | עָרִ֖ים שְׁתָּֽיִם | 1 | two cities | number of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 753 | JOS | 21 | 28 | r9hc | translate-names | אֶת־קִשְׁי֖וֹן…אֶת־דָּֽבְרַ֖ת | 1 | Kishion … Daberath | names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 754 | JOS | 21 | 29 | u8z9 | translate-names | אֶת־יַרְמוּת֙…עֵ֥ין גַּנִּ֖ים | 1 | Jarmuth … En Gannim | names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 755 | JOS | 21 | 30 | rbf6 | figs-activepassive | וּמִמַּטֵּ֣ה אָשֵׁ֔ר אֶת־מִשְׁאָ֖ל | 1 | From the tribe of Asher, they gave Mishal | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They received from the tribe of Asher Mishal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 756 | JOS | 21 | 30 | px1s | translate-names | אֶת־מִשְׁאָ֖ל…אֶת־עַבְדּ֖וֹ | 1 | Mishal … Abdon | names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 757 | JOS | 21 | 31 | ziw8 | translate-names | אֶת־חֶלְקָת֙…רְחֹ֖ב | 1 | Helkath … Rehob | names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 758 | JOS | 21 | 32 | h2j8 | translate-names | חַמֹּ֥ת דֹּאר֙…קַרְתָּ֖ן | 1 | Hammoth Dor … Kartan | These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 759 | JOS | 21 | 33 | c7dt | translate-numbers | שְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה עִ֖יר | 1 | thirteen cities in all | “13 cities in total” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 760 | JOS | 21 | 34 | yuv3 | figs-activepassive | וּלְמִשְׁפְּח֣וֹת בְּנֵֽי־מְרָרִי֮ הַלְוִיִּ֣ם הַנּוֹתָרִים֒ מֵאֵת֙ מַטֵּ֣ה זְבוּלֻ֔ן אֶֽת־יָקְנְעָ֖ם | 1 | To the rest of the Levites—the clans of Merari—were given out of the tribe of Zebulun: Jokneam | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: The rest of the Levites—the clans of Merari—received from the tribe of Zebulun Jokneam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 761 | JOS | 21 | 34 | ws8g | translate-names | מְרָרִי֮ | 1 | Merari | This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 762 | JOS | 21 | 34 | ng32 | translate-names | אֶֽת־יָקְנְעָ֖ם…אֶת־קַרְתָּ֖ה | 1 | Jokneam … Kartah | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 763 | JOS | 21 | 35 | ek4f | translate-names | אֶת־דִּמְנָה֙…אֶֽת־נַהֲלָ֖ל | 1 | Dimnah … Nahalal | names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 764 | JOS | 21 | 36 | dh5c | translate-names | אֶת־בֶּ֖צֶר…וְאֶת־יַ֖הְצָה | 1 | Bezer … Jahaz | names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 765 | JOS | 21 | 37 | jbp6 | translate-numbers | עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע | 1 | four cities | This refers to the total number of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 766 | JOS | 21 | 37 | e538 | translate-names | אֶת־קְדֵמוֹת֙…מֵיפָ֖עַת | 1 | Kedemoth … Mephaath | names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 767 | JOS | 21 | 38 | r7m5 | translate-names | אֶת־רָמֹ֥ת…מַחֲנַ֖יִם | 1 | Ramoth … Mahanaim | These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 768 | JOS | 21 | 39 | a2l1 | translate-names | אֶת־חֶשְׁבּוֹן֙…אֶת־יַעְזֵ֖ר | 1 | Heshbon … Jazer | These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 769 | JOS | 21 | 40 | x17x | translate-numbers | עָרִ֖ים שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵֽה | 1 | twelve cities in all | “12 cities in total” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 770 | JOS | 21 | 40 | q83e | figs-activepassive | וַיְהִי֙ גּוֹרָלָ֔ם עָרִ֖ים שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵֽה | 1 | twelve cities in all were given to them by the casting of lots | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they received these twelve cities by the casting of lots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 771 | JOS | 21 | 40 | at28 | גּוֹרָלָ֔ם | 1 | casting of lots | A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). | |
| 772 | JOS | 21 | 41 | g7z1 | figs-activepassive | כֹּ֚ל עָרֵ֣י הַלְוִיִּ֔ם בְּת֖וֹךְ אֲחֻזַּ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל | 1 | The cities of the Levites taken from the middle of the land | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Levites received their cities from the middle of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 773 | JOS | 21 | 41 | z9gj | translate-numbers | עָרִ֛ים אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנֶ֖ה | 1 | forty-eight cities | “48 cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 774 | JOS | 21 | 43 | q5na | נִשְׁבַּ֖ע | 1 | he swore | Alternate translation: “he gave an oath” | |
| 775 | JOS | 21 | 44 | t1a4 | figs-litotes | וְלֹא־עָ֨מַד אִ֤ישׁ בִּפְנֵיהֶם֙ מִכָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵיהֶ֔ם | 1 | Not one of their enemies could defeat them | This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. Alternate translation: “They defeated every one of their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
| 776 | JOS | 21 | 44 | lg6d | figs-metonymy | אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵיהֶ֔ם נָתַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה בְּיָדָֽם | 1 | gave all their enemies into their hand | Here “into their hand” means “into their power.” Alternate translation: “gave them power to defeat all their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 777 | JOS | 21 | 45 | u1ik | figs-litotes | לֹֽא־נָפַ֣ל דָּבָ֔ר מִכֹּל֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַטּ֔וֹב אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל | 1 | Not one thing among all the good promises that Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel failed to come true | This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. Alternate translation: “Every one of the good promises that Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel came true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
| 778 | JOS | 22 | intro | l4hr | 0 | # Joshua 22 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The division of the land is completed in this chapter. Additionally, the soldiers who received land on the east side of the Jordan River were released to go home.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tribes east of the Jordan River build a monument<br><br>The tribes east of the Jordan River said, “Let us now build an altar, not for burnt offerings nor for any sacrifices, but to be a witness between us and you, and between our generations after us, that we will perform the service of Yahweh before him, with our burnt offerings and with our sacrifices and with our peace offerings, so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, ‘You have no share in Yahweh.’” They went home even though the Israelites had not fully conquered the land. | |||
| 779 | JOS | 22 | 1 | ic3e | translate-names | לָרֽאוּבֵנִ֖י | 1 | Reubenites | people of the tribe of Reuben (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 780 | JOS | 22 | 1 | w3xd | translate-names | וְלַגָּדִ֑י | 1 | Gadites | people of the tribe of Gad (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 781 | JOS | 22 | 2 | x8l8 | figs-metonymy | וַתִּשְׁמְע֣וּ בְקוֹלִ֔י | 1 | obeyed my voice | Here “my voice” refers to the things that Joshua had said. Alternate translation: “obeyed everything I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 782 | JOS | 22 | 3 | a89l | figs-litotes | לֹֽא־עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־אֲחֵיכֶ֗ם | 1 | You have not deserted your brothers | This can be stated in a positive way. Alternate translation: “You have remained with your brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
| 783 | JOS | 22 | 5 | zh9u | figs-metaphor | וְלָלֶ֧כֶת בְּכָל־דְּרָכָ֛יו | 1 | to walk in all his ways | A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if he were walking on Yahweh’s ways or roads. Alternate translation: “to obey everything he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 784 | JOS | 22 | 5 | r5dh | figs-synecdoche | בְּכָל־לְבַבְכֶ֖ם וּבְכָל־נַפְשְׁכֶֽם | 1 | with all your heart and with all your soul | The terms “heart” and “soul” are here used together to refer to the entire person. Alternate translation: “with all you think and feel” or “with your entire being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 785 | JOS | 22 | 7 | k89d | הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן | 1 | the Jordan | This was a short name for the Jordan River. | |
| 786 | JOS | 22 | 8 | w4re | וּבְבַרְזֶ֛ל | 1 | iron | a strong, hard, magnetic metal | |
| 787 | JOS | 22 | 8 | k79c | שְׁלַל | 1 | plunder | The winning army would take everything of value from the people they conquered. | |
| 788 | JOS | 22 | 9 | cmc4 | figs-idiom | פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה | 1 | the commandment of Yahweh, by the hand of Moses | The phrase “by the hand of” is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Moses to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “the commandment that Yahweh told Moses to give to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 789 | JOS | 22 | 10 | iy3p | הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן | 1 | the Jordan | This was a short name for the Jordan River. | |
| 790 | JOS | 22 | 11 | ww1z | figs-metaphor | אֶל־מוּל֙ אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן | 1 | at the front of the land of Canaan | The Israelite tribes who lived across the Jordan River would enter Canaan at the place where they built the altar. This place is spoken of as if it was the “front” or “entrance” to Canaan where the other tribes lived. Alternate translation: “at the entrance to the land of Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 791 | JOS | 22 | 11 | yqa5 | translate-names | גְּלִילוֹת֙ | 1 | Geliloth | This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 792 | JOS | 22 | 12 | v3q5 | לַצָּבָֽא | 1 | war | a state of armed conflict between two nations or people groups | |
| 793 | JOS | 22 | 13 | t232 | translate-names | אֶלְעָזָ֥ר | 1 | Eleazar | name of man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 794 | JOS | 22 | 16 | sy2y | כֹּ֣ה אָמְר֞וּ כֹּ֣ל׀ עֲדַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה | 1 | The whole assembly of Yahweh says this | All the people of Israel are spoken of together in the singular as if they were one person. Alternate translation: “All the other Israelites are asking” | |
| 795 | JOS | 22 | 17 | lcv2 | figs-rquestion | הַמְעַט־לָ֨נוּ֙ אֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן פְּע֔וֹר אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־הִטַּהַ֨רְנוּ֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה | 1 | Was our sin at Peor not enough for us? | This question emphasizes how serious their previous sin was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We had already sinned terribly at Peor!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 796 | JOS | 22 | 17 | b18v | translate-names | פְּע֔וֹר | 1 | Peor | This is name of a place. Translate the same way as in [Joshua 13:20](../13/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 797 | JOS | 22 | 17 | ie2t | figs-litotes | אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־הִטַּהַ֨רְנוּ֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ | 1 | we have not even now cleansed ourselves from it | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “we are still dealing with the guilt of that sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
| 798 | JOS | 22 | 20 | kyw7 | translate-names | עָכָ֣ן…זֶ֗רַח | 1 | Achan … Zerah | names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 799 | JOS | 22 | 20 | v3qy | figs-rquestion | הֲל֣וֹא׀ עָכָ֣ן בֶּן־זֶ֗רַח מָ֤עַל מַ֨עַל֙ בַּחֵ֔רֶם | 1 | Did not Achan son of Zerah break faith in the matter of those things that had been reserved for God? Did not wrath fall on all the people of Israel? | These questions are used to remind the people of the punishment for past sins. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “Achan son of Zerah sinned by taking things that had been reserved for God. And because of that God punished all the people of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 800 | JOS | 22 | 22 | x5pm | figs-hypo | אִם־בְּמֶ֤רֶד וְאִם־בְּמַ֨עַל֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה אַל־תּוֹשִׁיעֵ֖נוּ הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה | 1 | If it was in rebellion … on this day | The three tribes are making a hypothetical statement that they insist is not true. They did not build the altar in rebellion or breach of faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 801 | JOS | 22 | 23 | sku4 | figs-hypo | לִבְנ֥וֹת לָ֨נוּ֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ לָשׁ֖וּב מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְאִם־לְהַעֲל֨וֹת עָלָ֜יו עוֹלָ֣ה וּמִנְחָ֗ה וְאִם־לַעֲשׂ֤וֹת עָלָיו֙ זִבְחֵ֣י שְׁלָמִ֔ים יְהוָ֖ה ה֥וּא יְבַקֵּֽשׁ | 1 | If we built … let Yahweh make us pay for it | The three tribes are making a hypothetical statement that they insist is not true. They did not build the altar to worship another god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 802 | JOS | 22 | 24 | cei9 | 0 | General Information: | The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now give their answer. | ||
| 803 | JOS | 22 | 24 | xpn5 | figs-hypo | יֹאמְר֨וּ בְנֵיכֶ֤ם לְבָנֵ֨ינוּ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מַה־לָּכֶ֕ם וְלַֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל | 1 | your children might say to our children … God of Israel? | This is a hypothetical accusation that the three tribes think the children of the other tribes may make sometime in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 804 | JOS | 22 | 24 | qr6z | figs-rquestion | מַה־לָּכֶ֕ם וְלַֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל | 1 | What have you to do with Yahweh, the God of Israel? | The three tribes use this rhetorical question to emphasize the situation they are trying to avoid. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have nothing to do with Yahweh, the God of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 805 | JOS | 22 | 25 | qfc4 | 0 | General Information: | The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh continue their answer. | ||
| 806 | JOS | 22 | 25 | w2sv | figs-hypo | וּגְב֣וּל נָֽתַן־יְ֠הוָה בֵּינֵ֨נוּ וּבֵינֵיכֶ֜ם בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֤ן וּבְנֵי־גָד֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן אֵין־לָכֶ֥ם חֵ֖לֶק בַּֽיהוָ֑ה | 1 | For Yahweh has made the Jordan … nothing to do with Yahweh | This is the continuation of the hypothetical accusation that the three tribes think the children of the other tribes may make sometime in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 807 | JOS | 22 | 25 | w3az | אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן | 1 | the Jordan | This is a short name for the Jordan River. | |
| 808 | JOS | 22 | 25 | iy97 | figs-hypo | וְהִשְׁבִּ֤יתוּ בְנֵיכֶם֙ אֶת־בָּנֵ֔ינוּ לְבִלְתִּ֖י יְרֹ֥א אֶת־יְהוָֽה | 1 | So your children might make our children cease to worship Yahweh | The three tribes built the altar to avoid this hypothetical situation from happening in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 809 | JOS | 22 | 26 | ueg6 | 0 | General Information: | The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now give their answer. | ||
| 810 | JOS | 22 | 27 | m97u | figs-metaphor | עֵ֨ד ה֜וּא בֵּינֵ֣ינוּ וּבֵינֵיכֶ֗ם | 1 | to be a witness between us and you | The altar is spoken of as if it were a witness that could testify to the rights of the three tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 811 | JOS | 22 | 27 | gs6k | figs-hypo | וְלֹא־יֹאמְר֨וּ בְנֵיכֶ֤ם מָחָר֙ לְבָנֵ֔ינוּ אֵין־לָכֶ֥ם חֵ֖לֶק בַּיהוָֽה | 1 | so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, “You have no share in Yahweh.” | This is the hypothetical situation that the three tribes did not want to happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 812 | JOS | 22 | 27 | n3i9 | אֵין־לָכֶ֥ם חֵ֖לֶק | 1 | no share | Alternate translation: “no portion” or “no inheritance” | |
| 813 | JOS | 22 | 28 | bf3h | 0 | General Information: | The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now finish their answer. | ||
| 814 | JOS | 22 | 28 | kuu5 | figs-hypo | וְהָיָ֗ה כִּֽי־יֹאמְר֥וּ אֵלֵ֛ינוּ וְאֶל־דֹּרֹתֵ֖ינוּ מָחָ֑ר וְאָמַ֡רְנוּ רְא֣וּ אֶת־תַּבְנִית֩ מִזְבַּ֨ח יְהוָ֜ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֣וּ אֲבוֹתֵ֗ינוּ לֹ֤א לְעוֹלָה֙ וְלֹ֣א לְזֶ֔בַח כִּי־עֵ֣ד ה֔וּא בֵּינֵ֖ינוּ וּבֵינֵיכֶֽם | 1 | If this should be said … a witness between us and you.” | The three tribes are describing their potential answer to an accusation that might or might not be made at a future time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 815 | JOS | 22 | 29 | b4w1 | figs-idiom | חָלִילָה֩ לָּ֨נוּ מִמֶּ֜נּוּ לִמְרֹ֣ד | 1 | May it be far from us that we should rebel | The unlikely chance that they would rebel is spoken of as if it is something that is a great distance away from them. Alternate translation: “We would certainly not rebel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 816 | JOS | 22 | 29 | i8y4 | figs-metaphor | וְלָשׁ֤וּב הַיּוֹם֙ מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה | 1 | turn away from following him | To stop following Yahweh is spoken of as if they were turning away from him. Alternate translation: “stop following him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 817 | JOS | 22 | 30 | ysf8 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע…אֶת־הַ֨דְּבָרִ֔ים | 1 | heard the words | Alternate translation: “heard the message” | |
| 818 | JOS | 22 | 30 | i3xp | figs-idiom | וַיִּיטַ֖ב בְּעֵינֵיהֶֽם | 1 | was good in their eyes | Here “in their eyes” means “in their opinion.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 819 | JOS | 22 | 31 | ab6h | לֹֽא־מְעַלְתֶּ֥ם בַּֽיהוָ֖ה הַמַּ֣עַל הַזֶּ֑ה | 1 | committed this breach of faith against him | Alternate translation: “broken your promise to him” | |
| 820 | JOS | 22 | 31 | w1fn | figs-metonymy | הִצַּלְתֶּ֛ם אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִיַּ֥ד יְהוָֽה | 1 | you have rescued the people of Israel out of the hand of Yahweh | Here “the hand of Yahweh” refers to his punishment. Protecting the people is spoken of as rescuing them from his hand. Alternate translation: “you have kept Yahweh from punishing us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 821 | JOS | 22 | 33 | pn48 | figs-idiom | וַיִּיטַ֣ב הַדָּבָ֗ר בְּעֵינֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל | 1 | Their report was good in the eyes of the people | Here “good in the eyes” means “accepted.” Alternate translation: “The people accepted the report of the leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 822 | JOS | 22 | 33 | h5hk | לְשַׁחֵת֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ | 1 | destroy the land | Alternate translation: “destroy everything in the land” | |
| 823 | JOS | 22 | 34 | xf56 | figs-metaphor | עֵ֥ד הוּא֙ בֵּֽינֹתֵ֔ינוּ | 1 | It is a witness between us | The altar is spoken of as if it were a witness that could testify for the three tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 824 | JOS | 23 | intro | v3r6 | 0 | # Joshua 23 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Joshua’s final words to Israel (Joshua 23-24)<br><br>“Do not marry with the heathen people but drive them out.” ##### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land because if the Israelites married the Canaanites, the Canaanites would cause them to worship other gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) | |||
| 825 | JOS | 23 | 2 | vyz9 | figs-doublet | זָקַ֔נְתִּי בָּ֖אתִי בַּיָּמִֽים | 1 | old and well advanced in years | This doublet can be translated as “very old.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 826 | JOS | 23 | 4 | t22f | הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן | 1 | the Jordan | This is a short name for the Jordan River. | |
| 827 | JOS | 23 | 4 | bf99 | מְב֥וֹא הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ | 1 | in the west | This indicates the direction of the setting sun. | |
| 828 | JOS | 23 | 6 | w84i | figs-metaphor | לְבִלְתִּ֥י סוּר־מִמֶּ֖נּוּ יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹֽאול | 1 | turning aside from it neither to the right hand nor to the left | Disobeying the commands of the law of Moses is spoken of as turning to the right or to the left away from a path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 829 | JOS | 23 | 7 | mc72 | לְבִלְתִּי־בוֹא֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֔לֶּה | 1 | you may not mix | Possible meanings are 1) having close friendship with them or 2) intermarrying with them. | |
| 830 | JOS | 23 | 7 | vkw6 | תַזְכִּ֨ירוּ֙ | 1 | mention | to speak of | |
| 831 | JOS | 23 | 7 | wbj7 | אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֤ם | 1 | their gods | This refers to the gods of the remaining nations. | |
| 832 | JOS | 23 | 8 | k6my | figs-metaphor | בַּיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם תִּדְבָּ֑קוּ | 1 | cling to Yahweh | “hold tightly to Yahweh.” Believing in Yahweh is spoken of as if they were holding tightly onto him. Alternate translation: “continue to believe in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 833 | JOS | 23 | 8 | q6qx | עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה | 1 | to this day | Alternate translation: “until the present time” | |
| 834 | JOS | 23 | 9 | wf3v | figs-metonymy | לֹא־עָ֤מַד אִישׁ֙ בִּפְנֵיכֶ֔ם | 1 | to stand before you | Here “stand” represents holding ground in a battle. The word “you” refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 835 | JOS | 23 | 10 | iar1 | אֶחָ֥ד | 1 | single | only one | |
| 836 | JOS | 23 | 10 | lx1z | translate-numbers | אָ֑לֶף | 1 | a thousand | “1,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 837 | JOS | 23 | 12 | i2mf | figs-metaphor | וּדְבַקְתֶּם֙ בְּיֶ֨תֶר֙ הַגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֔לֶּה | 1 | cling to the survivors of these nations | Accepting the beliefs of these nations is spoken of as holding tightly to them. Alternate translation: “accept the beliefs of the survivors of these nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 838 | JOS | 23 | 13 | pdx3 | figs-doublet | לְפַ֣ח וּלְמוֹקֵ֗שׁ | 1 | a snare and a trap | The words “snare” and “trap” mean basically the same thing. Together they speak of the other nations as if they were a deadly trap that will cause trouble for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 839 | JOS | 23 | 13 | ut82 | figs-metaphor | וּלְשֹׁטֵ֤ט בְּצִדֵּיכֶם֙ וְלִצְנִנִ֣ים בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֔ם | 1 | whips on your backs and thorns in your eyes | These phrases speak of the troubles these nations will cause Israel as if they were as painful as whips and thorns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 840 | JOS | 23 | 14 | ba62 | figs-euphemism | אָנֹכִ֤י הוֹלֵךְ֙ הַיּ֔וֹם בְּדֶ֖רֶךְ כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ | 1 | I am going the way of all the earth | Joshua uses a polite term to refer to his death. Alternate translation: “I am going to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
| 841 | JOS | 23 | 14 | x3c7 | figs-doublet | וִידַעְתֶּ֞ם בְּכָל־לְבַבְכֶ֣ם וּבְכָל־נַפְשְׁכֶ֗ם | 1 | know with all your hearts and souls | Here the words “hearts” and “souls” have similar meanings. Together they emphasize deep personal knowledge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 842 | JOS | 23 | 14 | vtt2 | figs-doublenegatives | לֹֽא־נָפַל֩ דָּבָ֨ר אֶחָ֜ד | 1 | not one word has failed to come true | These words emphasize that Yahweh’s promises have all occurred. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “every word has come true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 843 | JOS | 23 | 16 | xwa3 | figs-parallelism | וַעֲבַדְתֶּם֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶ֖ם לָהֶ֑ם | 1 | worship other gods and bow down to them | These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second describes how the people “worship other gods.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 844 | JOS | 23 | 16 | wz7d | figs-metaphor | וְחָרָ֤ה אַף־יְהוָה֙ בָּכֶ֔ם | 1 | the anger of Yahweh will be kindled against you | “Kindled” here is a metaphor for the beginning of Yahweh’s anger, like a fire is “kindled” or started with “kindling” or very easy to start burning like dried grass or small twigs. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will begin to be angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 845 | JOS | 24 | intro | yqa8 | 0 | # Joshua 24 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Joshua’s instructions<br>In this chapter, Joshua gives the leaders and people instructions in preparation for his death. It was common in the Ancient Near East for important leaders to do this. Unfortunately, the people of Israel did not listen to Joshua’s instructions. | |||
| 846 | JOS | 24 | 1 | e4nq | figs-metaphor | וַיֶּאֶסֹ֧ף יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶת־כָּל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל | 1 | Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel | Joshua’s summons to the tribes is spoken of as if he gathered them together in a basket. Alternate translation: “Joshua asked all the tribes of Israel to meet with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 847 | JOS | 24 | 1 | c7pt | וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י | 1 | presented themselves before | Alternate translation: “came and stood in front of” or “came before” | |
| 848 | JOS | 24 | 2 | tn5x | מֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם | 1 | long ago | Alternate translation: “many years ago” | |
| 849 | JOS | 24 | 2 | y8s6 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר | 1 | This is what | Joshua begins to quote what Yahweh had said previously. The quotation continues until the end of verse 13. | |
| 850 | JOS | 24 | 2 | uke1 | translate-names | תֶּ֛רַח…נָח֑וֹר | 1 | Terah … Nahor | These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 851 | JOS | 24 | 4 | z8e8 | translate-names | שֵׂעִיר֙ | 1 | Seir | This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 852 | JOS | 24 | 4 | azj7 | יָרְד֥וּ | 1 | went down | Egypt was lower in elevation that the land of Canaan. Alternate translation: “traveled” | |
| 853 | JOS | 24 | 5 | shc6 | figs-you | הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֶתְכֶֽם | 1 | brought you out | The word “you” is plural and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 854 | JOS | 24 | 6 | uxu8 | figs-you | וָֽאוֹצִ֤יא אֶת־אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ | 1 | brought your ancestors out | The word “your” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 855 | JOS | 24 | 7 | t8kg | figs-you | וַיִּצְעֲק֣וּ…בֵּינֵיכֶ֣ם | 1 | your ancestors … you | Yahweh continually alternates between these two phrases, which both refer to all the Israelites, past and present. The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 856 | JOS | 24 | 7 | rv8q | אֶת־הַיָּם֙ | 1 | the sea | This refers to the Sea of Reeds. | |
| 857 | JOS | 24 | 7 | gqs1 | בַמִּדְבָּ֖ר | 1 | in the wilderness | an uninhabited area, a desert | |
| 858 | JOS | 24 | 8 | xwk4 | figs-you | אֶתְכֶ֗ם | 1 | you | The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 859 | JOS | 24 | 8 | ew9g | הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן | 1 | the Jordan | This is a short name for the Jordan River. | |
| 860 | JOS | 24 | 8 | wu3t | figs-metonymy | וָאֶתֵּ֨ן אוֹתָ֤ם בְּיֶדְכֶם֙ | 1 | gave them into your hand | Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “enabled you to conquer them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 861 | JOS | 24 | 9 | eb7h | translate-names | בָּלָ֤ק…צִפּוֹר֙ | 1 | Balak … Zippor | men’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 862 | JOS | 24 | 9 | l9gd | figs-you | אֶתְכֶֽם | 1 | you | The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 863 | JOS | 24 | 10 | jr3f | figs-metonymy | וָאַצִּ֥ל אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִיָּדֽ | 1 | rescued you out of his hand | Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “enabled you to overcome him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 864 | JOS | 24 | 11 | b324 | figs-you | וַתַּעַבְר֣וּ | 1 | You | The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 865 | JOS | 24 | 11 | jx4u | אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן֮ | 1 | the Jordan | This is a short name for the Jordan River. | |
| 866 | JOS | 24 | 12 | d1wr | אֶת־הַצִּרְעָ֔ה | 1 | the hornet | A small fast flying stinging insect that lives in colonies. Here, many “hornets” are spoken of as only one. | |
| 867 | JOS | 24 | 13 | qv5z | 0 | General Information: | Joshua finishes quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. | ||
| 868 | JOS | 24 | 15 | gei6 | figs-metaphor | וְאִם֩ רַ֨ע בְּֽעֵינֵיכֶ֜ם | 1 | If it seems wrong in your eyes | The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or desire. Alternate translation: “If you do not want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 869 | JOS | 24 | 15 | bff7 | figs-metonymy | וּבֵיתִ֔י | 1 | my house | This represents his family that lives in his house. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 870 | JOS | 24 | 17 | uf71 | figs-pronouns | אֹתָ֧נוּ וְאֶת־אֲבוֹתֵ֛ינוּ | 1 | us and our ancestors … we | The people speak as if they were present with their ancestors, and interchange the words “us” and “we” with “our ancestors.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) |
| 871 | JOS | 24 | 17 | n1g2 | figs-idiom | מִבֵּ֣ית עֲבָדִ֑ים | 1 | house of slavery | Here “house” is an idiom that refers to the location of their slavery. Alternate translation: “place where we were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 872 | JOS | 24 | 17 | v2lc | הָֽעַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָבַ֖רְנוּ | 1 | nations through whom we passed | Alternate translation: “nations that we passed through” | |
| 873 | JOS | 24 | 19 | in4p | הָעָ֗ם | 1 | people | This refers to the Israelites. | |
| 874 | JOS | 24 | 19 | di8z | אֵֽל־קַנּ֣וֹא ה֔וּא | 1 | he is a jealous God | God wants his people to worship only him. | |
| 875 | JOS | 24 | 20 | l4yi | figs-metaphor | וְשָׁ֨ב…וְכִלָּ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם | 1 | He will consume you | Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if he was a fire that would destroy them. Alternate translation: “He will destroy you as with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 876 | JOS | 24 | 21 | mt8s | הָעָ֖ם | 1 | people | This refers to the Israelites. | |
| 877 | JOS | 24 | 23 | h48g | figs-metaphor | וְהַטּוּ֙ אֶת־לְבַבְכֶ֔ם אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה | 1 | turn your heart to Yahweh | Deciding to obey Yahweh only is spoken of as turning their heart towards him. Here “heart” represents the whole person. In this case, “heart” is plural because it refers to all the Israelites as a single group. However, it may be best to translate it in the plural since “your” is plural. Alternate translation: “turn yourselves to Yahweh” or “decide to obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 878 | JOS | 24 | 24 | ut8c | הָעָ֖ם | 1 | people | This refers to the Israelites. | |
| 879 | JOS | 24 | 24 | yq9g | figs-metonymy | וּבְקוֹל֖וֹ נִשְׁמָֽע | 1 | We will listen to his voice | Here “listen” means to obey. Alternate translation: “We will obey everything he tells us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 880 | JOS | 24 | 25 | g8by | figs-metaphor | וַיָּ֥שֶׂם ל֛וֹ חֹ֥ק וּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט | 1 | He put in place decrees and laws | Establishing laws is spoken of as if Joshua physically set them in place like monuments. Alternate translation: “He established decrees and laws” or “He gave them laws and decrees to obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 881 | JOS | 24 | 26 | n7ac | בְּסֵ֖פֶר תּוֹרַ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֑ים | 1 | the Book of the law of God | This appears to be a continuation of the writings of Moses. | |
| 882 | JOS | 24 | 26 | ct9g | וַיְקִימֶ֣הָ שָּׁ֔ם | 1 | set it up there | Alternate translation: “placed it there” | |
| 883 | JOS | 24 | 27 | u7ad | הָעָ֗ם | 1 | people | This refers to the Israelites. | |
| 884 | JOS | 24 | 27 | mkt9 | figs-personification | הָאֶ֤בֶן הַזֹּאת֙ תִּֽהְיֶה־בָּ֣נוּ לְעֵדָ֔ה כִּֽי־הִ֣יא שָׁמְעָ֗ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־אִמְרֵ֣י | 1 | this stone will be a testimony … It has heard all the words | The stone that Joshua set up is spoken of as if it were a person who heard what was spoken and would be able to testify about what was said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 885 | JOS | 24 | 27 | h23i | פֶּֽן־תְּכַחֲשׁ֖וּן | 1 | should you ever | Alternate translation: “if you ever” | |
| 886 | JOS | 24 | 29 | e9uy | translate-numbers | בֶּן־מֵאָ֥ה וָעֶ֖שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים | 1 | 110 years old | “one hundred and ten years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 887 | JOS | 24 | 30 | iyt3 | translate-names | בְּתִמְנַת־סֶ֖רַח…לְהַר־גָּֽעַשׁ | 1 | Timnath Serah … Mount Gaash | names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 888 | JOS | 24 | 31 | gf2q | figs-idiom | כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ | 1 | all of Joshua’s days | This is an idiom that refers to Joshua’s entire life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 889 | JOS | 24 | 31 | r7xz | הֶאֱרִ֤יכוּ יָמִים֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ | 1 | outlived Joshua | Alternate translation: “lived longer than Joshua” | |
| 890 | JOS | 24 | 32 | a3ik | עַצְמ֣וֹת י֠וֹסֵף…קָבְר֣וּ בִשְׁכֶם֒ | 1 | The bones of Joseph … they buried them at Shechem, | It may be helpful to change the order of the beginning of this sentence. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel brought the bones of Joseph up out of Egypt and buried them at Shechem” | |
| 891 | JOS | 24 | 32 | ve2g | translate-numbers | בְּמֵאָ֣ה קְשִׂיטָ֑ה | 1 | one hundred pieces | “100 pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 892 | JOS | 24 | 33 | ur16 | translate-names | וְאֶלְעָזָ֥ר | 1 | Eleazar | This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 893 | JOS | 24 | 33 | rv7j | translate-names | בְּגִבְעַת֙ | 1 | Gibeah | This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |