JER front intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Jeremiah<br><br>1. Yahweh calls Jeremiah to be a prophet (1:1-19)<br>1. Yahweh will judge and punish Judah (2:1-29:32)<br> * Judah called to repent of spiritual adultery (2:1–6:30)<br> * Judah judged for its false religion (7:1–10:16)<br> * Jeremiah stands between Yahweh and his people (11:1–20:19)<br> * Jeremiah confronts his people (21:1–29:32)<br>1. Yahweh promises to restore Judah (30:1-33:26)<br> * Yahweh will bring the people of Judah back to their land (30:1–24)<br> * Yahweh will create a new covenant with them (31:1–40)<br> * The people will come back (32:1–44)<br> * Kings descended from David will rule again (33:1–26)<br>1. Jeremiah suffers (34:1-45:5)<br> * Before Yahweh punishes Judah (34:1–36:32)<br> * While Yahweh punishes Judah (37:1–39:18)<br> * After Yahweh punishes Judah (40:1–45:5)<br>1. Yahweh will judge and punish the nations (46:1-51:64)<br> * Egypt (46:1–28)<br> * Philistia (47:1–28)<br> * Moab (48:1–47)<br> * Ammon (49:1–6)<br> * Edom (49:7–22)<br> * Damascus (49:23–27)<br> * Kedar (49:28–33)<br> * Elam (49:34–39)<br> * Babylonia (50:1–51:64)<br>1. Jerusalem captured and destroyed (52:1–34)<br><br>### What is the Book of Jeremiah about?<br><br>The Book of Jeremiah gives the prophesies of a priest named Jeremiah. It also tells how Jeremiah suffered in different ways while he prophesied.<br><br>Jeremiah began prophesying about 626 B.C. After the death of King Josiah, many groups of people in Israel opposed Jeremiah. Some of these people wanted to depend on Egypt to protect the nation. Others were idol worshipers. They hated Jeremiah for denouncing their gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br><br>During the reign of King Jehoiakim, Jeremiah prophesied about the temple of Yahweh. King Jehoiakim received some of these prophecies in writing and burned the document. The next king, Zedekiah, put Jeremiah in prison when he told the king to surrender to Babylon.<br><br>King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylonia invaded Judah in 597 B.C. He conquered Jerusalem in 587 B.C. He offered Jeremiah housing and money if Jeremiah would go to Babylon. But Jeremiah remained in Jerusalem to help the few Jews left there.<br><br>Shortly after that, Gedaliah, whom Nebuchadnezzar had chosen to be governor over Judah, was murdered. Some Jewish rebels captured Jeremiah and took him to Egypt. Those rebels went to Egypt to be protected there rather than to live under Nebuchadnezzar’s rule. Jeremiah may have died soon after being taken to Egypt. But while in Egypt he prophesied that the Babylonians would invade and conquer Egypt.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The traditional title of this book is “The Book of Jeremiah” or just “Jeremiah.” Translators may also call it the “The Book about Jeremiah” or “What the Prophet Jeremiah Said.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Jeremiah?<br><br>Jeremiah was a priest and a prophet living in Judah. He spoke the prophesies in the Book of Jeremiah. A friend named Baruch wrote down many of the prophecies as Jeremiah spoke them to him.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What is the new covenant that is presented in the Book of Jeremiah?<br><br>Jeremiah introduced a “new covenant” between Yahweh and Israel (chapter 31). Yahweh would “write this covenant on the hearts” of the people. This means that the covenant would be a part of the people instead of just written on stone or paper. The people would obey the new covenant with all their heart. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>### What relationship do Jeremiah’s prophecies have to the other nations besides Israel?<br><br>Much of the Old Testament before this time is only about the nation of Israel. But Jeremiah also spoke of how Yahweh would judge other nat
JER 1 intro e235 0 # Jeremiah 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 1:4-10.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jeremiah appointed as prophet<br><br>God chose Jeremiah to be his prophet and although many powerful people would be against him, God promised to protect him. This chapter emphasizes that Jeremiah was chosen by God to be his prophet. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br><br>### Northern kingdom<br>This was not a reference to the northern kingdom of Israel; it had already been conquered. It was a reference to a kingdom located north of Judah, that is, to Babylon. The Babylonian armies would attack Judah and conquer it.<br><br>### Opposition<br>The people were supposed to listen to God’s prophet. When he prophesied, they should have repented. Instead, they persecuted Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
JER 1 2 qj8r figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to him This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to him” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 1 2 tdx8 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
JER 1 2 gg1j figs-idiom 0 in the days of Josiah son of Amon, king of Judah Here “in the days of” is an idiom that refers to the time when a king reigned. Alternate translation: “when Josiah son of Amon was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 1 2 xy18 translate-ordinal 0 the thirteenth The word “thirteenth” is the ordinal form of “13.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 1 3 iba7 figs-idiom 0 in the days of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah Here “in the days of” is an idiom that refers to the time when a king reigned. Alternate translation: “when Johoiakim son of Josiah was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 1 3 ui8x translate-hebrewmonths 0 the fifth month This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 1 3 xqi2 figs-explicit 0 of Zedekiah This refers to the rule of Zedekiah. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “of the reign of Zedekiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 1 3 g4f3 figs-activepassive 0 when the people of Jerusalem were taken away as prisoners If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. It can be stated clearly that they were taken to Babylon. Alternate translation: “when the army of Babylon took the people of Jerusalem away as prisoners” or “when the army of Babylon took the people of Jerusalem as prisoners to Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 1 4 vzg7 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to me, saying This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 1 5 f9sn 0 before you came out from the womb This can also be expressed without referring to the womb. Alternate translation: “before you were born”
JER 1 6 x52n 0 Ah, Lord Yahweh Here “Ah” shows Jeremiah’s fear of doing what God has said.
JER 1 6 j6eh figs-hyperbole 0 I do not know how to speak Jeremiah may have been exaggerating to show his fear of speaking in public. Alternate translation: “I do not know how to speak in public” or “I do not know how to make announcements to people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 1 8 jk96 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration The word “this” refers to what Yahweh just said in verses 7 and 8.
JER 1 8 tfp9 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 1 9 gq1r figs-metaphor 0 Then Yahweh reached out with his hand, touched my mouth This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor representing Yahweh giving Jeremiah special authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then it was as though Yahweh touched my mouth” or (2) Jeremiah was seeing a vision and Yahweh actually did this as a symbolic act of giving Jeremiah authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh touched my mouth with his hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 1 9 sw5r figs-metaphor 0 I have placed my word in your mouth This phrase represents giving Jeremiah his message. Alternate translation: “I have given you my message for you to speak to the people” or “I have enabled you to tell the people my message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 1 10 xz7w 0 I am appointing you … to uproot and break down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and plant Jeremiah would do these things to various nations by saying that they would happen.
JER 1 10 k126 0 to uproot and break down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and plant He would uproot, break down, destroy and overthrow some nations, and he would build and plant other nations.
JER 1 10 hzc6 figs-metaphor 0 to uproot God speaks of Jeremiah destroying the nations by what he says as if the nations were plants and he were to pull them up out of the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 1 10 vgg1 figs-doublet 0 to destroy and overthrow Jeremiah uses these words, which mean almost the same thing, to show that this will certainly happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 1 10 q2dm figs-metaphor 0 to build and plant God speaks of Jeremiah causing nations to become strong as if they were a building and he would build them, and as if they were plants and he would plant them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 1 11 i5z1 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, “What This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 1:4](./04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said, ‘What” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me: ‘What” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 1 12 mr44 figs-metaphor 0 I am watching over my word to carry it out This represents guaranteeing that he will do what he has said. Alternate translation: “I am remembering my word to carry it out” or “I guarantee that I will do what I have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 1 12 s9ac 0 for I am watching over my word The Hebrew words for “almond” and “watch over” sound almost the same. God wants Jeremiah to remember that God will make his word succeed.
JER 1 13 ntu1 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to me a second time, saying The idiom “The word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](./04.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message a second time. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this second message to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 1 13 wx7m figs-metonymy 0 whose surface is churning The surface refers to the surface of the water in the pot. Jeremiah could see the water boiling. Alternate translation: “whose water is boiling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 1 14 sxk1 figs-metaphor 0 Disaster will be opened up out of the north “Disaster will be let loose from the north.” This represents God causing disaster to come from the north to the south. Alternate translation: “Disaster will come from the north” or “I will send disaster from the north” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 1 15 eu1c figs-hyperbole 0 everyone This generalization refers to the kings of the northern kingdoms. Alternate translation: “every king” or “all of the northern kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 1 15 duv8 figs-metaphor 0 will set his throne at the entrance of the gates of Jerusalem This could mean: (1) this represents ruling over Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will rule at the gates of Jerusalem” or (2) this represents judging Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will judge Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 1 15 j1zf figs-metonymy 0 against all the walls that surround it Setting their thrones “against all the walls that surround it” represents commanding their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “and they will command their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 1 15 d8i9 figs-metonymy 0 against all the cities of Judah Setting their thrones “against all the cities of Judah” represents commanding their armies to destroy all the cities of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 1 16 s442 0 worshiping what they made with their own hands Since the people had made the idols with their own hands, they should have known that the idols are not worthy of worship.
JER 1 17 k94h 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
JER 1 17 qw4v figs-metaphor 0 Do not be shattered … I will shatter you Here “be shattered” represents being extremely afraid, and “shatter” represents causing Jeremiah to be extremely afraid. Alternate translation: “Do not be terrified … I will terrify you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 1 18 k16n figs-metaphor 0 Today I have made you a fortified city, an iron pillar, and bronze walls against the whole land Being strong like these things represents being confident and unchanging in saying what God had told him to say. Alternate translation: “I have made you strong against the whole land like a fortified city, an iron pillar, and bronze walls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 1 19 c3xx figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 2 intro cx16 0 # Jeremiah 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 2:1-31.<br><br>The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 2:1-3:5. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The people refuse to learn<br><br>The people worshiped other gods, particularly the fertility gods of Baal and Ashtoreth. Even when the nation was punished, the people did not learn. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Israel is compared to a female camel or a wild donkey for being unstable and lustful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 1 n8ww figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 2 2 jw4x figs-abstractnouns 0 the covenant faithfulness in your youthfulness, your love The abstract nouns “faithfulness,” “youthfulness” and “love” can be expressed with the adjectives “faithful” and “young,” and the verb “love.” Alternate translation: “how, when you were young, you were faithful to our covenant, and how you loved me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 2 2 p3v3 figs-metaphor 0 when we were engaged God speaks of his relationship with the people of Israel as though they had been engaged to be married. Alternate translation: “when we first agreed that we would marry each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 2 gl65 figs-activepassive 0 the land that was not sown This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “the land where no one had sown seed” or “the land where no food was growing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 2 3 ubv5 figs-metaphor 0 the firstfruits of his harvest God speaks of Israel as if they were an offering dedicated to God. Alternate translation: “like the firstfruits of his harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 3 b2kn figs-metaphor 0 All who ate from the firstfruits were held guilty God speaks of those who attacked Israel as if they were eating the offering that was set apart for God. Alternate translation: “All who attacked Israel were held guilty like people who ate from the first fruits of his harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 3 j1qx figs-metaphor 0 disaster came upon them The phrase “came upon them” is a metaphor for happened to them. Alternate translation: “Disasters happened to them” or “I made terrible things happen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 3 bei6 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 2 4 u5jc figs-parallelism 0 house of Jacob, all you clans of the house of Israel Jacob and Israel were two names for one man, and these two phrases refer to the same group of people. Alternate translation: “all you descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 2 4 gq5q figs-metonymy 0 house of Jacob The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob’s descendants. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 2 4 p8u3 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants, who had become the nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 2 5 y22p figs-rquestion 0 What did your fathers find wrong with me, that they went far from following me? That they went after useless idols and became useless themselves? Yahweh uses these questions to say that since he has done no wrong, his people should not have rejected him and worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “I did nothing wrong to your forefathers, so they should not have gone far from following me, and they should not have gone after useless idols. By doing that they themselves have become useless!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 2 5 k654 figs-metaphor 0 they went far from following me This represents rejecting God and refusing to be loyal to him. Alternate translation: “they rejected me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 5 p2c2 figs-metaphor 0 they went after useless idols This represents choosing to be loyal to idols and worship them. Alternate translation: “they worshiped useless idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 5 ea5y 0 useless idols idols that people can use for nothing good. The translation should not make people think that there are some idols that are useful.
JER 2 6 qj82 figs-explicit 0 They did not say It is implied that they should have said what follows. Alternate translation: “They should have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 2 6 bj3g figs-rquestion 0 Where is Yahweh, who brought us … Egypt? This rhetorical question would have been used to show the people’s need of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need Yahweh. He is the one who brought us … Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 2 6 sb9y figs-rquestion 0 Where is Yahweh, who led us … lives? This rhetorical question would have been used to show the people’s need of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need Yahweh. He is the one who led us … lives.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 2 6 xpu1 figs-metaphor 0 a land of drought and deep darkness A “land of drought” is a land that does not have enough water. Here “deep darkness” is a metaphor for danger. Alternate translation: “a dangerous land where there is not enough water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 7 e78y figs-parallelism 0 you defiled my land, you made my inheritance an abomination! These two phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “you sinned and made the land I gave you disgusting to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 2 7 z346 figs-metaphor 0 you defiled my land Here “defiled” represents making the land unacceptable to God. They did this by sinning against him there when they worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “by sinning, you made my land no good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 7 x8z6 0 you made my inheritance an abomination Alternate translation: “you made my inheritance disgusting by your sin” or “by sinning, you made my inheritance repulsive”
JER 2 7 bs45 figs-metaphor 0 my inheritance This could mean: (1) God is speaking of his land as if he had inherited it. Alternate translation: “my land” or (2) God is speaking of the land he gave to Israel as if he had given it to them as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land I gave you” or “the land I gave you as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 8 kt1g figs-rquestion 0 Where is Yahweh? This question would have shown that they wanted to obey Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need to obey Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 2 8 vv8y figs-metaphor 0 The shepherds transgressed against me The leaders are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people who followed them were sheep. Alternate translation: “Their leaders sinned against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 8 fs7t figs-metaphor 0 walked after unprofitable things Here “walked after” represents obeying or worshiping. Alternate translation: “obeyed unprofitable things” or “worshiped unprofitable things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 10 m3dc translate-names 0 cross over to the coasts of Kittim Kittim was an island west of Israel. Today it is called Cyprus. It represented all the lands far to the west of Israel. Alternate translation: “go west across the ocean to Kittim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 2 10 r42k translate-names 0 Send messengers out to Kedar Kedar is the name of a land far to the east of Israel. Alternate translation: “Send messengers far east to the land of Kedar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 2 11 g27j figs-rquestion 0 Has a nation exchanged gods … gods? God uses this question to tell the people of Israel that other nations continue to worship their own gods. They do not change and worship other gods. Alternate translation: “You will see that no nation has ever exchanged gods … gods.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 2 11 y4gc figs-123person 0 But my people have exchanged their glory for what cannot help them Here God speaks as though he were not speaking directly to his people. Alternate translation: “But you, my people, have exchanged me, your glorious God, for what cannot help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 2 11 ad5n figs-metonymy 0 their glory This expression refers to God himself, who is glorious. Alternate translation: “their glorious God” or “me, your glorious God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 2 11 i74r figs-metonymy 0 for what cannot help Here false gods are spoken of in terms of what they cannot do. Alternate translation: “for false gods, which cannot help” or “for gods who cannot help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 2 12 gfd1 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 2 13 xga4 figs-metaphor 0 have abandoned the springs of living waters God speaks of himself as if he were springs of living waters. Alternate translation: “have abandoned me, their springs of living waters” or “have abandoned me, who is like springs of living water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 13 zfj3 figs-metaphor 0 have dug out cisterns for themselves God speaks of false gods as if they were cisterns that people dig in order to get water. Alternate translation: “have gone to false gods, which are like cisterns they have dug for themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 14 gf3q figs-123person 0 Is Israel a slave? Was he born in his master’s home? So why has he become plunder? Though Yahweh was speaking to the people of Israel, he used the third person as though he were talking to someone else about Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel, are you a slave? Were you born at home? So why have you become plunder?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 2 14 dz58 figs-rquestion 0 Is Israel a slave? Was he born in his master’s home? Yahweh uses these questions to tell why Israel should not have become plunder. Alternate translation: “Israel is not a slave. Israel was not born at home.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 2 14 fp49 figs-metonymy 0 Was he born in his master’s home Here “born in his master’s home” is metonym for being born into slavery. Alternate translation: “Was he born a slave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 2 14 d84g figs-rquestion 0 So why has he become plunder? Yahweh uses this question to indicate that Israel should not have become plunder. Alternate translation: “So he should not have become plunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 2 14 gd7n figs-metaphor 0 So why has he become plunder Here “become plunder” represents being attacked and taken as captives to another country. Alternate translation: “So why has Israel been taken away as captives” or “So why have Israel’s enemies taken Israel away as captives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 15 sra1 figs-metaphor 0 Young lions roared against him. They made a lot of noise God speaks of Israel’s enemies attacking Israel as if the enemies were lions roaring and attacking Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 15 w8su figs-metonymy 0 made his land a horror This represents destroying the land in such a way that people will feel horror when they see it. Alternate translation: “destroyed Israel’s land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 2 15 fgd1 figs-activepassive 0 His cities are destroyed without any inhabitants If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They have destroyed Israel’s cities and now no one lives in them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 2 16 f67y 0 will shave your skull Some versions interpret the Hebrew text as “have cracked your skull.”
JER 2 17 rh64 figs-rquestion 0 Did you not do this to yourselves when you abandoned Yahweh your God, while he was leading you along the way? Yahweh uses this question to remind Israel that it is their own fault that their enemies attacked them. Alternate translation: “You caused this yourselves by abandoning Yahweh your God while he was leading you along the way.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 2 18 ksj8 figs-rquestion 0 So now, why take the road to Egypt and drink the waters of Shihor? Why take the road to Assyria and drink the waters of the Euphrates River? Yahweh uses these questions to remind his people that it does not do any good to ask Egypt and Assyria to help them. Alternate translation: “It does not help you to go to Egypt and drink from the waters of the Shihor River, or to go to Assyria and drink from the waters of the Euphrates River.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 2 18 qic3 figs-metaphor 0 why take the road to Egypt and drink the waters of Shihor … Why take the road to Assyria and drink the waters of the Euphrates River These are a metaphor for asking the Egyptian and Assyrian armies to help them. Alternate translation: “why ask the Egyptians to help you … Why ask the Assyrians to help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 18 b4bs translate-names 0 Shihor This is the name of a stream associated with Egypt. It may have been a branch of the Nile River. Some versions call it the Nile. Alternate translation: “the Shihor Stream” or “the Shihor River” or “the Nile River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 2 19 d7s4 figs-personification 0 Your wickedness rebukes you, and your faithlessness punishes you Both of these phrases mean that their punishment is the result of their wicked behavior. Alternate translation: “Because you have been wicked and unfaithful, I will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 2 19 r6k2 figs-hendiadys 0 it is wicked and bitter Here the word “bitter” describes “wicked.” Alternate translation: “it is bitterly wicked” or “it is extremely wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
JER 2 20 z744 figs-metaphor 0 For I broke your yoke that you had in ancient days; I tore your fetters off you. Still you said, ‘I will not serve!’ Here “broke your yoke” and “tore your fetters off you” are metaphors for setting them free from slavery. The people of Israel had been slaves in Egypt. Alternate translation: “Long ago I released you from slavery, but still you refused to worship me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 20 e3b8 figs-metaphor 0 since you bowed down on every high hill and beneath every leafy tree, you adulterer What they bowed down to can be stated clearly. Here “adulterer” is a metaphor for someone who is unfaithful to God. Alternate translation: “You bowed down to idols and worshiped them instead of me, like an adulterous wife who is unfaithful to her husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 21 ppz2 figs-metaphor 0 I planted you as a choice vine, completely from pure seed God speaks of making his people into a great nation in Canaan as if they were the seed of a grapevine that he had planted. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, started you with a very good beginning, like a farmer who uses excellent seed to plant the best kind of vine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 21 ys3q 0 completely from pure seed Here “pure seed” is the best seed that has not been mixed with seed that is not good. Alternate translation: “that grew from excellent seed”
JER 2 21 ht1q figs-rquestion 0 How then have you have changed yourself into a corrupt, worthless vine? God uses this question to rebuke his people for changing and becoming like a corrupt worthless vine. Alternate translation: “But you have changed yourself into a corrupt, worthless vine!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 2 22 d3qb figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 2 23 njn2 figs-rquestion 0 How can you say, ‘I … have not walked after the Baals’? God uses this question to rebuke his people for saying that they have not worshiped the Baals. Alternate translation: “You lie when you say, ‘I … have not walked after the Baals.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 2 23 y5u9 figs-metaphor 0 you are a swift female camel running here and there God speaks of Israel worshiping other gods as if they were like a female camel running in different directions looking for a male camel to mate with. Alternate translation: “You are like a swift female camel running back and forth looking for a male camel to mate with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 24 vc12 figs-metaphor 0 a wild donkey accustomed to the wilderness, in her heat sniffing the wind God speaks of Israel worshiping other gods as if they were a wild female donkey running to find male donkeys. Alternate translation: “You are like a young female donkey that lives in the desert. When she wants to mate she is out of control and constantly sniffs the breeze to find a mate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 24 ll6w figs-idiom 0 in her heat This phrase is an idiom referring to the time when a female donkey wants to mate with male donkeys. Alternate translation: “when she wants to mate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 2 24 e3r7 figs-rquestion 0 Who can restrain her lust? This question is used to emphasize that no one can control a female donkey when she is wants to mate with a male donkey. Alternate translation: “No one can turn her around when she wants to mate.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 2 25 j3xn figs-metaphor 0 You must restrain your feet from becoming bare and your throat from being thirsty! God speaks of Israel wanting to worship other gods as if they were running around in the desert looking for those gods. Alternate translation: “I have told you to stop running here and there chasing after false gods, because all that it does is wear out your sandals and make you very thirsty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 25 gpl8 figs-explicit 0 It is hopeless “There is no hope for us to restrain ourselves.” This implies that they cannot stop themselves from running after other gods. Alternate translation: “We cannot stop ourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 2 25 zq2r figs-metaphor 0 No, I love strangers and go after them! Here “strangers” represents foreign gods, and “go after them” represents worshiping them. Alternate translation: “We must follow after foreign gods and worship them!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 26 i7vu figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 2 26 amq4 figs-idiom 0 when he is found This idiom means that someone discovers that the person’s actions. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when someone finds him” or “when people know that he has stolen things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 2 27 yi97 figs-metonymy 0 These are the ones who say to the tree, ‘You are my father,’ and to the stone, ‘You gave birth to me.’ Here “tree” and “stone” represent idols carved from wood and stone. These words emphasize that the idol was made of ordinary things and is not worthy of worship. Alternate translation: “These people are the ones who say to a carved piece of wood, ‘You are my father,’ and to a carved stone, ‘You gave birth to me.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 2 27 rzb7 figs-metaphor 0 their back faces me and not their faces “their backs are toward me; their faces are not toward me.” This represents them rejecting God. Alternate translation: “they have turned away from me” or “they have turned their backs toward me and not their faces” or “they have completely rejected me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 27 v294 figs-explicit 0 Arise and save us It can be made clear that they say this to Yahweh. “Yahweh, come and save us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 2 28 dv1r figs-rquestion 0 Yet where are the gods that you made for yourselves? With this question God implies that people should ask the gods they worship to help them. He uses this irony to show that he is angry that they worship other gods. Alternate translation: “You should ask the gods you made to help you.” or “You do not ask the gods you made to help you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER 2 28 bmg6 figs-irony 0 Let them arise if they wish to save you in your time of troubles God implies that false gods should help the people who worship them. He knows that false gods cannot help people. When he said this he was using irony to show that he was angry that his people worshiped false gods. Alternate translation: “You do not ask them because know you that they cannot save you in your time of troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER 2 29 xa5m figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 2 30 e8re figs-metaphor 0 They would not accept discipline Here “accept discipline” represents learning from discipline. Alternate translation: “They refused to learn from discipline” or “When I disciplined them, they refused to learn to obey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 30 m3cp figs-metaphor 0 Your sword has devoured your prophets like a destructive lion God speaks of the people of Israel killing the prophets as if their sword were a lion that ate the prophets. Alternate translation: “You have killed the prophets brutally with your sword like a destructive lion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 31 iyj9 0 You who belong to this generation! Pay attention to my word, the word of Yahweh The phrase “this generation” refers to the people who lived when Jeremiah lived. Alternate translation: “You who live today, pay attention to what I, Yahweh, say to you”
JER 2 31 egz3 figs-metaphor 0 Have I been a wilderness to Israel? Or a land of deep darkness? Here “a wilderness” and “a land of deep darkness” are metaphors for danger. God uses this question to rebuke the Israelites for behaving as though he had been dangerous. Alternate translation: “You act as though I have been like a wilderness or a land of deep darkness to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 2 31 r2gx figs-rquestion 0 Why would my people say, ‘Let us wander around, we will not go to you anymore’? God uses this question to rebuke his people for saying this. Alternate translation: “You my people say ‘We can go where we want to go and not worship Yahweh anymore.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 2 32 ajg9 figs-ellipsis 0 Will a virgin forget her jewelry, a bride her veils The words “will” and “forget” are understood to be part of the second phrase also. Alternate translation: “Will a virgin forget her jewelry, and will a bride forget her veils” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 2 32 snl1 figs-rquestion 0 Will a virgin forget her jewelry, a bride her veils? God uses this question to introduce the idea of remembering things that are important to someone. Alternate translation: “You know that a virgin would never forget to put on her jewelry, and a bride would never forget to put on her veils.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 2 33 amu3 figs-irony 0 How well you make your way to look for love God appears to be praising his people for looking for love, but this is irony. He was showing that he was angry with them for being unfaithful to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER 2 33 sl8c figs-metaphor 0 to look for love God speaks of his people worshiping other gods as if they were a woman who is unfaithful to her husband and is looking for other men to love her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 33 ymk8 figs-irony 0 You have even taught your ways to wicked women God speaks of how unfaithful his people are to him as though they were even teaching prostitutes how to be unfaithful to their husbands and find other men to be their lovers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER 2 34 t7iw figs-explicit 0 The blood that was the life of innocent, poor people has been found on your clothes Blood on their clothes was evidence that they had killed people. Alternate translation: “The blood of innocent, poor people on your clothes shows that you are guilty of killing them” or “You are guilty of killing poor and innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 2 34 bb1t figs-activepassive 0 These people were not discovered in acts of burglary If they found people in an act of burglary, this might have been an excuse for killing them. But the people that they murdered were innocent. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You did not discover these people stealing things” or “But you killed them even though they were not even stealing anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 2 35 w9ip figs-personification 0 surely his anger has turned away from me Here anger is spoken of as if it were a person that could turn away from Israel. Its turning represents Yahweh’s stopping be angry with Israel. Alternate translation: “surely Yahweh has stopped being angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 2 35 w15i figs-metonymy 0 I will bring down judgment on you Here “judgment” represents punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 2 36 vpy2 figs-rquestion 0 Why do you treat so very lightly this change in your ways? Yahweh is scolding the Israelites because they changed from one kingdom to another for help but did not rely on God for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 2 36 gc4f 0 You will also be disappointed by Egypt If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Egypt will also disappoint you”
JER 2 36 jiq5 figs-explicit 0 You will also be disappointed by Egypt The people of Israel will be sad because the army of Egypt will not be able protect them. Alternate translation: “You will be disappointed when Egypt does not protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 2 36 f9em figs-ellipsis 0 just as you were by Assyria The word “disappointed” is understood from the previous phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as you were disappointed by Assyria” or “just as Assyria disappointed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 2 37 dzs3 figs-activepassive 0 so you will not be helped by them If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so they will not help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 3 intro v6u2 0 # Jeremiah 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:1-5, 12-17, 19-25.<br><br>The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 2:1-3:5. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. The same is true for 3:19-4:3. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Judah told to repent<br><br>If Judah repents, God will bring the people back from the captivity into which he is going to send them. In this book, “Israel” serves as another name Judah because the northern kingdom of Israel no longer exists. The people group formed by these ten tribes had been scattered among the other nations by the Assyrians, who had conquered them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>### Adultery<br>Judah’s faithlessness to God is often pictured as adultery. This is a common image in Scripture. When Judah does not worship God, their nation is spoken of as if it were a woman unfaithful to her husband. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
JER 3 1 b8c6 figs-rquestion 0 will he return to her again? God uses this question to remind the people that a man would never return to his wife if another man marries her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “he would not return to her again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 3 1 wfd2 figs-rquestion 0 Would that land not be greatly polluted? God uses this question to remind the people that a married man would not return to his wife if she married another man, because he knows that the land would become ceremonially unclean. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He knows that if he did, the land would be greatly polluted.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 3 1 f5ac figs-metaphor 0 greatly polluted This is a metaphor for being terribly unacceptable to God. Alternate translation: “completely unacceptable to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 1 j8li figs-simile 0 You have lived as a prostitute who has many lovers God speaks of Israel worshiping many idols as being like a woman having sex with many men. Alternate translation: “You have given your love and trust to idols the way a prostitute gives her body to men who are not her husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 3 1 j5dl figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 3 2 f7nj figs-metonymy 0 Lift up your eyes Here “your eyes” represents looking at something. Alternate translation: “Look up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 3 2 d2qe figs-metaphor 0 Is there any place where you have not had illicit sex? God speaks of Israel worshiping idols as if they were a woman who had sex with many different men. He uses this question to tell the Israelites that he knows that they have worshiped idols everywhere. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no place where you have not had illicit sex!” or “As a whore sleeps with many men, you have worshiped your idols everywhere!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 3 2 tkw5 figs-metaphor 0 By the roadsides you sat waiting for your lovers God speaks of his people being eager to worship any idol as being like a prostitute waiting by the road for any man to come along. Alternate translation: “Like a prostitutes waiting at the roadside for her lovers, you were eager to worship any idol you learned about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 2 p75c figs-simile 0 as an Arab in the wilderness God speaks of his people being eager to worship any idol as being like someone in the wilderness waiting for anyone to come along so he could rob them. Alternate translation: “like an Arab in the wilderness waiting for people he might rob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 3 2 h79r translate-names 0 an Arab in the wilderness An Arab is a person from Arabia. Some Arabs lived as nomads in the desert and would rob others who came near them. Alternate translation: “a nomad in the wilderness” or “a robber in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JER 3 3 bza8 figs-activepassive 0 So the showers have been withheld If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So I withheld the showers from you” or “So I prevented the rains from falling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 3 3 ry2i figs-metonymy 0 you have the forehead of a prostitute The arrogance showing on a person’s face is spoken of as if the face itself were arrogant. Alternate translation: “But the expression on your face shows that you arrogant, like the face of a prostitute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 3 5 gxd9 0 Connecting Statement: The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you not” in verse 4 ends here.
JER 3 5 tm6g figs-rquestion 0 Will he … to the end?’ The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you not” in verse 4 ends here. God uses this question to rebuke his people for calling out to him and saying these things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have just called out to me: ‘My father … youth! Will he … to the end?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 3 5 ks4c figs-rquestion 0 Will he always be angry? Will he always keep his wrath to the end? These questions express the people’s hope that God will not be angry with them forever. They can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Surely he will not always be angry. Surely he will not always keep his wrath to the end.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 3 6 q6wm figs-rquestion 0 Do you see what faithless Israel has done? God uses this question to draw Jeremiah’s attention to Israel’s faithlessness. It can be translated as a command or a statement. Alternate translation: “See how faithless Israel is to me.” or “You see how faithless Israel is to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 3 6 pea6 figs-metaphor 0 She has gone up The people of Israel are spoken of as if Israel were a woman. Alternate translation: “Israel’s people have gone up” or “They have gone up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 6 q6pr figs-hyperbole 0 every high hill and under every leafy tree The tops of hills and under shade trees were common places for people to worship idols. The word “every” is used as a generalization to show that the people were worshiping idols in many different places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 3 6 r3ip figs-simile 0 she has acted like a prostitute God speaks as of Israel worshiping idols as if she were a woman having sex with many men. Alternate translation: (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 3 7 wy1h figs-metaphor 0 her faithless sister Judah saw God speaks of Israel and Judah as if they were sisters. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah, who also did not obey me, saw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 9 l7vx 0 Her prostitution was nothing to her Here prostitution being “nothing” represents Judah not caring about it. Alternate translation: “She did not care about her prostitution” or “She was not ashamed of her prostitution”
JER 3 9 t26n figs-metaphor 0 she defiled the land Here “defiled” represents making the land unacceptable to God. They did this by sinning against him there when they worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “she made my land no good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 9 h9kk figs-metonymy 0 she committed adultery with stones and trees Here “stones” and “trees” represent the stone and wood material that was used to create idols. The people’s idol worship is spoken of as if they were committing adultery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 10 u38c figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 3 11 cnw5 0 Faithless Israel has been more righteous than faithless Judah! By calling Israel “more righteous” than Judah, God emphasizes that Judah is very guilty. Alternate translation: “Israel has been unfaithful to me, but Judah is even more guilty than Israel”
JER 3 12 nc94 figs-metonymy 0 Go and proclaim these words to the north Here the north represents the people of Israel who had been taken north to Assyria. Alternate translation: “Go and proclaim these words to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 3 13 vc3r 0 Acknowledge your iniquity “Admit how you have sinned.” God was speaking to Israel.
JER 3 13 afy2 figs-metaphor 0 you have shared your ways with strangers under every leafy tree! The word “strangers” refers to foreign gods. God speaks of Israel worshiping foreign gods as if Israel were a woman who was having sex with strangers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 13 cyd5 figs-hyperbole 0 under every leafy tree People would worship idols under trees. The word “every” is a generalization used to show that the people of Israel worshiped many gods under many different trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 3 13 n89f figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 3 14 rfl1 figs-metaphor 0 I am your husband God speaks of Israel belonging to him as if he were Israel’s husband. Alternate translation: “you belong to me as a wife belongs to her husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 15 khd7 figs-metaphor 0 I will give you shepherds … they will shepherd you Here God speaks of leaders as if they were shepherds and the people they led were sheep. Alternate translation: “I will give you leaders … they will lead you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 15 jfu5 figs-metonymy 0 shepherds after my heart Here “heart” represents Yahweh’s desire or will. The phrase “after my heart” is an idiom that describes people who do God’s will. Alternate translation: “shepherds who do my will” or “shepherds who do what I want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 3 16 aah8 figs-metaphor 0 you will increase and bear fruit The word “you” refers to the people of Israel. The phrase “bear fruit” is a metaphor for having many descendants. Alternate translation: “you will increase greatly in number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 3 16 dr84 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 3 16 p5dj figs-metonymy 0 This matter will no longer come up in their hearts Here “come up in their hearts” represents thinking about it. Alternate translation: “They will no longer think of this matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 3 17 i1da figs-metonymy 0 This is Yahweh’s throne Here “Yahweh’s throne” represents the place from where Yahweh rules. Alternate translation: “This is from where Yahweh rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 3 17 m3kn figs-metaphor 0 They will no longer walk in the stubbornness of their wicked hearts Yahweh speaks of people’s actions as if the people were walking along a path. Here the word “hearts” represents their minds or wills. Alternate translation: “They will no longer stubbornly do the wicked things that they want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 3 18 nc4e figs-metaphor 0 the house of Judah will walk with the house of Israel Here “walk with” represents being united. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah will be united with the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 18 gyl2 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 3 18 f85t figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 3 18 ni8b figs-metaphor 0 the land that I gave your ancestors as an inheritance God speaks of giving them the land to possess forever as if it were an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land that I gave to your ancestors so that it would belong to their descendants forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 19 mwz9 0 As for me the word “me” refers to Yahweh
JER 3 19 x77q figs-exclamations 0 How I want to treat you as my son … nation This is an exclamation that expresses God’s desire. Alternate translation: “I want so much to treat you as my son … nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
JER 3 19 fll8 figs-simile 0 I want to treat you as my son God speaks of Israel as if Israel were his son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 3 19 h67j figs-metaphor 0 an inheritance more beautiful God speaks of the land he wanted to give to Israel as if it were an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 20 p93d figs-simile 0 But like a woman faithless to her husband, you have betrayed me God speaks of Israel being unfaithful to him as if she were an unfaithful wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 3 20 ay61 figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “kingdom of Israel” or “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 3 20 y4z7 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 3 21 jt6v figs-activepassive 0 A voice is heard If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People hear a noise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 3 21 kza9 figs-metaphor 0 they have forgotten Yahweh their God Here “have forgotten” represents neglecting or ignoring. Alternate translation: “They have ignored Yahweh their God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 22 y37e figs-metaphor 0 I will heal you of treachery! This could mean: (1) “heal you of treachery” represents causing Israel to stop being unfaithful to God. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to stop being unfaithful to me” or (2) “heal you of treachery” represents forgiving Israel for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: “I will forgive your treachery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 22 z8l6 figs-ellipsis 0 Behold! We will come to you It is understood that this is what the people of Israel will say. Alternate translation: “The people will reply, ‘Behold! We will come to you” or “You will say “Behold! We will come to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 3 23 az6h figs-metonymy 0 Surely lies come from the hills Here “the hills” represent the people’s worship of false gods on the hills. The people now realize that those false gods could not guide and help them. Alternate translation: “The false gods that we worshiped on the hills could not guide us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 3 23 uic1 figs-explicit 0 a confusing noise from the mountains People made a lot of noise on the hills and mountains when they worshiped false gods. Alternate translation: “We made a confusing noise on the mountains while we worshiped them, but they did not help us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 3 23 n3uy 0 surely Yahweh our God is the salvation of Israel Alternate translation: “surely Yahweh our God is the savior of Israel” or “surely Yahweh our God is the only one who can save Israel”
JER 3 24 q1yv 0 their flocks and cattle, their sons and daughters This is a list of animals and people that the people of Israel had killed and offered to the idols.
JER 3 25 qy9p figs-parallelism 0 Let us lie down in shame. May our shame cover us These phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that the people are fully aware of their shameful behavior. Alternate translation: “Let us be completely humiliated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 3 25 ny7e figs-metaphor 0 May our shame cover us Being fully aware of their shame is spoken of as if shame were covering them like a blanket or a garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 25 x6vr figs-metaphor 0 from the time of our youthfulness This could mean: (1) “the time of our youthfulness” refers to when each person was young. Alternate translation: “from when we were young” or (2) “the time of our youthfulness” is a metaphor that refers to when Israel was first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: “from when we were first becoming a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 25 u638 figs-metonymy 0 have not listened to the voice of Yahweh our God Here “listened” represents obeying, and “the voice of Yahweh” represents what Yahweh has said. Alternate translation: “have not obeyed what Yahweh our God has said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 4 intro yf6n 0 # Jeremiah 4 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 4:1-9.<br><br>The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 3:19-4:3. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s punishment<br>This chapter prophecies Yahweh’s punishment on Judah. This should bring Judah to repentance, but it does not. It is also intended to make the nations fear the power of Yahweh and make them desire to worship him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])
JER 4 1 nmt1 figs-metonymy 0 then it should be to me that you return This could mean: (1) this is a command that emphasizes who they should return to. Alternate translation: “then come back to me” or “then worship me” (2) this is a repetition of the first phrase, which expresses a condition. Alternate translation: “if you will come back to me” or “if you will start worshiping me again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 4 1 q5zm figs-metonymy 0 If you remove your detestable things from before me Here “detestable things” refers to idols, which God hates. Alternate translation: “If you remove your disgusting idols from my presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 4 1 g7zg figs-metaphor 0 do not wander from me again Here “wander” is a metaphor for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: “if you remain faithful to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 2 qu22 figs-idiom 0 As Yahweh lives “As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 4 2 i2an figs-metonymy 0 the nations will bless themselves in him Here “the nations” is a metonym for people of other nations. The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Since Yahweh is speaking, it can also be translated as “me.” Alternate translation: “people of other nations will bless themselves in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 4 2 hbb7 figs-metonymy 0 the nations will bless themselves in him Here “bless themselves in him” is a metonym for asking Yahweh to bless them. Alternate translation: “the people of the nations will ask Yahweh to bless them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 4 2 nkf4 figs-123person 0 in him they will glory The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Since Yahweh is speaking, “him” can also be translated as “me.” Alternate translation: “they will boast in me” or “they will praise me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 4 3 u4kd figs-metaphor 0 Plow your own ground, and do not sow among thorns Yahweh tells the people to prepare their lives like a farmer prepares the ground for planting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 4 wva4 figs-metaphor 0 Circumcise yourselves to Yahweh, and remove the foreskins of your heart Yahweh describes the people’s devotion to him in terms of the physical sign of covenant. Alternate translation: “Dedicate yourselves completely to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 4 pp1f figs-parallelism 0 Circumcise yourselves … remove the foreskins of your heart These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 4 4 kf3t figs-simile 0 my fury will break out like fire, and burn with no one to quench it Yahweh speaks of becoming extremely angry as if his anger were fire. Alternate translation: “my anger will burn like a fire and no one will be able to stop it” or “I will be extremely angry, and no one will be able to stop me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 4 5 e8kp figs-parallelism 0 Report in Judah and let it be heard in Jerusalem These phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 4 5 j19h figs-activepassive 0 let it be heard in Jerusalem If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “cause the people in Jerusalem to hear it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 4 6 tf7e figs-doublet 0 disaster … a great collapse These words mean basically the same thing. The phrase “a great collapse” defines what the “disaster” will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 4 6 xug6 figs-metaphor 0 for I am bringing disaster from the north and a great collapse This represents God sending an army from the north to cause disaster and destruction in Judah. Alternate translation: “for I will cause an army from the north to come and destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 6 d4sz figs-metonymy 0 from the north This represents an enemy army that would come from the north. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 4 7 a149 figs-metaphor 0 A lion is coming God speaks of a powerful army as if it were a fierce lion. Alternate translation: “A powerful and merciless army approaches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 7 lwr1 figs-synecdoche 0 someone who will destroy nations Here “someone” represents a king and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 4 7 w16d figs-idiom 0 is setting out This idiom refers to starting to move. Alternate translation: “is starting to march” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 4 7 cix1 figs-metonymy 0 to bring horror to your land This represents destroying the land, which would cause people who see it to be horrified. Alternate translation: “to destroy your land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 4 8 q3kk translate-symaction 0 wrap yourself in sackcloth People would wear sackcloth to show that they were very sad. In this context it would be to show that they were very sorry for the bad things they had done. Alternate translation: “put on the clothes that show you are mourning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 4 8 pwd6 figs-metaphor 0 For the force of Yahweh’s anger has not turned away from us Anger is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could turn away from people. Here “Yahweh’s anger has not turned away from us” means that Yahweh is still very angry with the people. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is still very angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 9 l39s figs-metonymy 0 the hearts of the king and his officials will die Here “hearts” represent courage. Also “the hearts … will die” represents losing courage and being afraid. Alternate translation: “the king and his officials will stop being courageous” or “the king and his officials will be terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 10 u3zu figs-personification 0 the sword is striking against their life Here enemies being ready to kill people is spoken of as if the sword was a person striking at people. Alternate translation: “our enemies are ready to slaughter us with their swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 4 11 eaf4 figs-activepassive 0 it will be said If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 4 11 l2gl figs-metaphor 0 burning wind from the plains Here a “burning wind” represents a fierce and merciless enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 11 c8vv figs-metaphor 0 the daughter of my people Yahweh shows his love for his people by speaking of them as a daughter. Alternate translation: “my people, who are like a daughter to me” or “my dear people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 11 y4pq figs-doublet 0 It will not winnow or cleanse them The words “winnow” and “cleanse” refer to blowing away the useless skins from grain. Only a light wind was needed for that. Alternate translation: “It will not be a light wind for blowing the chaff away from the grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 12 xws1 figs-metaphor 0 A wind far stronger than that far stronger than the “burning wind” of verse 11. The wind is a metaphor for a fierce and merciless enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 13 t3g7 figs-simile 0 See, he is attacking like clouds The word “he” refers to the enemy king and his army. The great size of the army is spoken of as if they were giant storm clouds. Alternate translation: “See, great armies like giant clouds are gathering to attack” or “See, great armies are gathering to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 4 13 y26t figs-simile 0 his chariots are like a storm The enemies’ chariots are spoken of as if they were like a storm. Storms can be noisy, destructive, and fast-moving. Alternate translation: “the roar of their chariots coming is like a fierce storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 4 13 rkz7 figs-activepassive 0 for we will be devastated If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for they will devastate us” or “for they will destroy us all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 4 14 n8cb figs-metaphor 0 Cleanse your heart from wickedness, Jerusalem This is a warning to the people living in Jerusalem to repent. “Cleanse your heart” is a metaphor for removing evil from their lives. Alternate translation: “People of Jerusalem, stop being evil” or “People of Jerusalem, stop living wickedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 14 wj5b figs-rquestion 0 How long will your deepest thoughts be about how to sin? This question is used to rebuke the people for always planning how to sin. Alternate translation: “Your deepest thoughts are about how to sin!” or “You are always thinking about how to sin!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 4 15 ri3n figs-synecdoche 0 a voice is bringing news from Dan Here “a voice” represents a messenger. Alternate translation: “a messenger comes and tells about what is happening in Dan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 4 15 mu7y figs-activepassive 0 the coming disaster is heard from the mountains of Ephraim If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people hear about the disaster that is coming from Ephraim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 4 15 t4qv 0 from Dan … mountains of Ephraim By hearing that the enemies had gotten to Dan and Ephraim, people in Jerusalem would understand that the enemies were getting closer to them.
JER 4 16 e4lv 0 besiegers are coming Besiegers are soldiers who surround a city in order to keep the people in the city from being able to get supplies of food and water.
JER 4 17 b2nh figs-simile 0 They will be like the watchmen of a cultivated field against her all around Carefully guarding a city to keep people from going in and out is spoken of as if they are carefully watching a field to keep people from stealing from it. Alternate translation: “they will guard Jerusalem carefully like watchmen who carefully guard a cultivated field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 4 17 vj61 figs-personification 0 against her all around The word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Jerusalem was often spoken of as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 4 18 vwi9 figs-personification 0 your conduct and your deeds have done these things to you Here “conduct” and “deeds” are spoken of as if they are people that could do things. These abstract nouns can be expressed with the phrase “what you have done.” Alternate translation: “These things are happening to you because of what you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 4 18 xek6 figs-metaphor 0 It will strike your very heart Here “heart” probably refers to the emotions, and “strike your very heart” probably refers to causing them to suffer terribly. Alternate translation: “It will be as if it strikes your very heart” or “It will cause you to suffer terrible anguish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 19 yrw5 figs-metonymy 0 My heart! My heart! Here “heart” represents painful emotions, such as grief and fear. The phrase is repeated to express the intensity of the pain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 4 19 l92y 0 My heart is turbulent within me “My heart is beating wildly.” Here “heart” refers to the body part. It is turbulent because it is beating much stronger and faster than normal.
JER 4 20 eaz9 figs-activepassive 0 Suddenly my tents are destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Enemies have suddenly destroyed my tents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 4 20 edb5 figs-ellipsis 0 my curtains in a moment The words “are destroyed” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “my curtains are destroyed in a moment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 4 21 k2xu figs-rquestion 0 How long will I see the standard? Will I hear the sound of the horn? Jeremiah uses these questions to show his distress about seeing the battle flag and hearing the sound of the horn for such a long time. He wishes that the battle would end soon. It can be stated as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Oh, how I wish that the battle would end, and the flag would be lowered, and the sound of the army’s horn would stop” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 4 22 q9tl figs-explicit 0 For the foolishness of my people … do not know to do good. It can be stated clearly that Yahweh says this. This is probably his reply to Jeremiah, telling why the battle is still happening. Alternate translation: “Yahweh replied, ‘It is because of the foolishness of my people … do not know to do good.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 4 23 ex8r 0 there was no light for the heavens Alternate translation: “there were no lights in the sky”
JER 4 26 y7ek 0 all the cities had been pulled down Alternate translation: “all the cities had been destroyed” or “all the cities were a heap of ruins”
JER 4 26 zkf9 0 before Yahweh, before the fury of his wrath This indicates that all these things would happen because Yahweh was so angry with the people of Judah.
JER 4 27 zmu6 0 All the land will become a devastation Alternate translation: “All the land of Judah will be devastated” or “all the land of Judah will be ruined”
JER 4 28 a8f6 figs-personification 0 the land will mourn, and the heavens above will darken Jeremiah emphasizes Yahweh’s judgment by saying that the earth itself expresses great sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 4 28 nz7a figs-metaphor 0 I will not turn from carrying them out Here “turn” represents deciding not to do what he said he would do. Alternate translation: “I will not change my mind about doing what I said I would do” or “I will not refuse to do what I planned to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 29 s7su figs-metonymy 0 Every city Here “city” represents the people living in the city. Alternate translation: “The people of every city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 4 29 v4z8 figs-parallelism 0 The cities will be abandoned, for there will be no one to inhabit them These two clauses have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. Alternate translation: “The cities will be empty. There will be no one left to live in them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 4 30 dp7c 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks of the people of Judah as if they were a prostitute because they were unfaithful to him by worshiping other gods.
JER 4 30 n253 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Judah.
JER 4 30 cmv6 figs-rquestion 0 Now that you have been devastated, what will you do? This question is used to tell the people of Judah that there is nothing they can do to help themselves. Alternate translation: “Now that your enemies have devastated you, there is nothing you can do to find help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 4 30 r96u figs-explicit 0 you dress in scarlet … gold jewelry … eyes … with paint God speaks of the people of Judah as if they were a prostitute making herself look beautiful in order to attract men to her. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Like a prostitute you dress in scarlet … good jewelry … eyes … with paint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 4 30 qfd4 figs-metonymy 0 you dress in scarlet Here “scarlet” represents expensive, red clothing. Alternate translation: “you wear expensive red clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 4 30 z4md figs-metaphor 0 men who lusted for you now reject you God speaks of the nations that Judah had depended on for wealth and business as if they were men who lusted after Judah. Those nations would reject Judah when they see God’s judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 30 vu5x figs-metonymy 0 they are trying to take away your life Here “trying to take your life away” represents trying to kill the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “They are trying to kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 4 31 fqh9 figs-simile 0 distress as in the birth This simile is used to show how greatly distressed Judah will be. Alternate translation: “severe distress as in the pain and suffering a woman has while giving birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 4 31 l6l7 figs-metaphor 0 the daughter of Zion God shows his love for the people of Jerusalem by speaking of them as a daughter. Alternate translation: “my dear daughter, Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 intro hq1g 0 # Jeremiah 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 5:1-31.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br>### Hyperbole<br>It is possible that Yahweh is using the word “a” (meaning “even one”) as hyperbole when he states, “If you can find a man or anyone who is acting justly and trying to act faithfully, then I will forgive Jerusalem.” The purpose of this is to show how evil Jerusalem had become. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Yahweh asks several rhetorical questions in this chapter. This is intended to show Jeremiah the justness of his actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 5 1 wtq8 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 5 2 y47l 0 Although they say The word “they” refers to the people of Jerusalem.
JER 5 2 ey96 figs-idiom 0 As Yahweh lives “as surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 5 3 cl5c figs-rquestion 0 do your eyes not look for faithfulness? Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that what Yahweh really wants is faithfulness. Wanting people to be faithful is spoken of as looking for faithfulness. Alternate translation: “you look for faithfulness.” or “you want people to be faithful.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 3 dma9 figs-metaphor 0 You struck the people, but they do not feel pain. God punished his people in various ways. Here it is spoken of as if he hit them. Alternate translation: “You punish the people, but they do not pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 3 bwd1 figs-metaphor 0 they still refuse to receive discipline Here “to receive discipline” represents learning from discipline to do what is right. Alternate translation: “they still refuse to learn their lesson” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 3 v9en figs-metonymy 0 They make their faces harder than rock Hard faces represents the expression on their faces that shows that they are stubborn. The simile “harder than rock” shows that the people are extremely stubborn. Alternate translation: “They are extremely stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 5 5 mu9t figs-metaphor 0 But they all broke their yoke together; they all tore apart the chains that bound them to God. The yoke and chains represent the law which bind God and his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 6 d8ks figs-metaphor 0 So a lion … A wolf … A lurking panther These are dangerous animals that can kill people. This could mean: (1) this really is about wild animals killing people or (2) these wild animals are metaphors for enemy armies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 6 ei8j figs-metaphor 0 So a lion … A wolf … A lurking panther … torn apart One possible meaning is that these are metaphors for enemy armies who will attack Judah. Alternate translation: “Like a lion from the thicket, a wolf from the Arabah, and a lurking panther, enemy armies will come against their cities, attack them, and destroy them. Anyone who goes outside his city will be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 6 eb17 figs-abstractnouns 0 For their transgressions increase If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **transgressions**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “sin.” Alternate translation: “For they sin much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 5 6 bl92 figs-abstractnouns 0 Their acts of faithlessness are unlimited The abstract nouns in “acts of faithlessness” can be translated as “the faithless things they do.” Alternate translation: “The faithless things they do are many” or “They do many faithless things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 5 7 tgq4 figs-rquestion 0 Why should I pardon these people? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he has no reason to pardon these people. Alternate translation: “Because of the things that they do, I cannot pardon these people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 5 7 duz8 figs-personification 0 Your sons Yahweh is speaking to Jerusalem as though she were a woman who had children. Jerusalem’s “sons” represent the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 5 7 mvg1 figs-metaphor 0 I fed them fully Providing all they needed is spoken of as feeding them. Alternate translation: “I gave them everything they needed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 7 cc9s figs-metaphor 0 they committed adultery and walked in great numbers to the houses of prostitutes This may be a metaphor for being unfaithful to God and worshiping idols, but idol worship also included prostitution. Alternate translation: “they were unfaithful to me and went in large numbers to the houses of prostitutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 7 vq87 0 walked in great numbers to the houses of prostitutes Alternate translation: “went in large groups to the houses of prostitutes” or “large groups of them went to the houses of prostitutes”
JER 5 8 m3wt figs-metaphor 0 They were horses in heat … neighed to his neighbor’s wife Because the God speaks of them as if they were horses that wanted to mate with other horses. Alternate translation: “They were like horses in heat … neighed to his neighbor’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 8 hgv8 figs-metaphor 0 Each man neighed to his neighbor’s wife Male horses neigh loudly to female horses when they want to mate with them. Alternate translation: “Like horses who mate with more than one horse, these men wanted to sleep with other men’s wives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 9 i5z2 figs-rquestion 0 So should I not punish them … and should I not avenge myself on a nation that is like this? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will no have mercy but will punish them. Alternate translation: “Because they do these things, I will punish them … I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 5 9 l377 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 5 10 uh17 figs-explicit 0 Go up onto her vineyards’ terraces In verses 10-13 Yahweh speaks to Israel’s enemies. This can be made clear in the quotation. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Israel, go up onto her vineyards’ terraces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 5 10 tnx6 figs-metaphor 0 Go up onto her vineyards’ terraces and destroy Yahweh speaks of Israel and Judah as if they were a vineyard and the people there were vines. Alternate translation: “Go up into Israel and Judah, which are like a vineyard to me, and destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 10 dtf8 figs-metaphor 0 Trim their vines, since those vines do not come from Yahweh The word “their” refers to the vineyards. Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel and Judah as if they were vines. Alternate translation: “like farmers who trim the vines of a vineyard, you must remove many of the people of Israel and Judah, because they do not belong to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 11 r8hw figs-metonymy 0 For the houses of Israel and Judah The word “house” is a metonym for a person’s descendants. In this case it refers to the people of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. Alternate translation: “For the people of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 5 11 b2gh figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 5 12 i2ai figs-parallelism 0 no harm will come upon us, and we will not see sword or famine These two sentences say the same thing, the second is more specific than the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 5 12 b9kn figs-idiom 0 no harm will come upon us The idiom “come upon us” means “happen to us.” Alternate translation: “No harm will happen to us” or “no one will harm us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 5 12 g399 figs-metaphor 0 we will not see sword or famine Here “see” is a metaphor for experience, and “sword” is a metonym for war. Alternate translation: “we will not experience war or famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 5 13 b87v figs-metonymy 0 The prophets will become wind Here “prophets” is a metonym that represents what the prophets say, and “wind” is a metaphor for something that does not do anything. Alternate translation: “The prophets words are just noisy wind” or “The prophets make noise like the wind, but what they prophesy will not happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 13 z6ye figs-explicit 0 the word is not in them Here “the word” refers to God’s message. Alternate translation: “God’s message is not in them” or “the messages that they speak are not from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 5 13 nhv2 figs-explicit 0 so let what they say be done to them It can be stated clearly what kinds of things the prophets were talking about. Alternate translation: “so let the harm that the prophets talk about come to them” or “since the prophets say that bad things will happen to us, let those bad things happen to the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 5 14 r6t4 0 Because you The word “you” refers to the people of Israel and Judah.
JER 5 14 e41j figs-metaphor 0 I am about to place my word in your mouth Here “place my word in your mouth” represents causing Jeremiah to speak God’s message. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to speak my message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 14 bax7 figs-simile 0 It will be like a fire, and this people will be like wood Yahweh speaks of his message as if it were a fire, and of his people as if they were wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 5 14 th8l figs-metaphor 0 For it will consume them “For my message will consume them.” Yahweh’s message was about how he would punish his people, so he speaks as if his message would destroy them as a fire destroys wood. Alternate translation: “For when you speak my message, it will destroy the people of Israel as fire destroys wood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 15 hr3d 0 against you “to attack you.” The word “you” refers to the people of Israel.
JER 5 15 w6v8 figs-doublet 0 it is a lasting nation, an ancient nation These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how long the nation has existed. This refers to the nation from far away that Yahweh will bring against Israel. Alternate translation: “it is a very old and enduring nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 5 15 c9wc figs-parallelism 0 It is a nation whose language you do not know, nor will you understand what they say These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the Israelites do not know the language of those people. It may imply that the Israelites have not had much contact with them. Alternate translation: “It is a nation whose language you will not understand at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 5 16 yjs1 figs-metonymy 0 Its quiver … They are all soldiers Here “Its quiver” represents the enemy nation’s army, and the arrows in the quiver represent the soldiers in the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 5 16 nsx2 figs-simile 0 Its quiver is like an open tomb An open tomb is one that is prepared to have many dead bodies put in it. The enemy army will kill many people. Alternate translation: “That nation’s army will use their arrows and kill many people” or “Because of the arrows of its army, many people will die and be buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 5 17 x18i figs-metaphor 0 So your harvest will be consumed, your sons and daughters also, and your food This could mean: (1) their harvest and their food that was for their sons and daughters would be consumed. Alternate translation: “So your harvest and your food for your sons and daughters will be consumed” or (2) their harvest, sons and daughters, and food would all be consumed. The idea of the sons and daughters being “consumed” would be a metaphor for killed. Alternate translation: “So your harvest and your food will be consumed, and your sons and daughters will be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 17 ty62 figs-activepassive 0 So your harvest will be consumed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the army of that nation will eat the food that you expected to harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 5 17 ycw1 0 your sons and daughters also, and your food This could mean: (1) the enemies would eat the food that the sons and daughters should eat, or (2) the enemies will destroy the sons and daughters and eat the food.
JER 5 17 e76e 0 They will eat The word “They” refers to the army of that nation.
JER 5 17 aj2t figs-synecdoche 0 They will beat down with a sword your fortified cities The sword is a synecdoche for all of the different weapons that people use in war. Alternate translation: “They will use their weapons to conquer your strong cities that you trusted to protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 5 19 v6cs figs-explicit 0 done all these things to us The phrase “these things” refers to sending armies to attack them. Alternate translation: “done all these things to harm us” or “sent foreign armies to attack us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 5 19 f6pe figs-metaphor 0 Just as you … served foreign gods in your land, so you must also serve strangers Here “served foreign gods” represents worshiping foreign gods. God would punish them for serving foreign gods by making them serve foreign people. Alternate translation: “Because you … worshiped foreign gods in your land, you will have to serve foreigners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 20 x88v figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jacob The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob’s descendants. Translate “house of Jacob” as in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 5 20 c3ln figs-activepassive 0 let it be heard in Judah This can be expressed in active from. Alternate translation: “Let those in Judah hear it” or “announce it in Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 5 21 iqw3 figs-metonymy 0 you cannot see Here “cannot see” is a metonym for not understanding. Alternate translation: “you do not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 5 21 h6v9 figs-metonymy 0 you cannot hear Here “cannot hear” represents not understanding. “Alternate translation: “you do not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 5 22 y6ba figs-rquestion 0 Do you not fear me … face? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people are extremely foolish because they do not fear Yahweh. Alternate translation: “It is foolish that you do not fear me … face!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 5 22 u7l9 figs-explicit 0 or tremble before my face The trembling would be because of fear, and being “before my face” represents being aware of who God is. Alternate translation: “or shake with fear because of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 5 22 l23z figs-metaphor 0 an ongoing decree that it does not violate God speaks of the ocean not going past the border of sand as if the border were a law, and as if the ocean were a person who obeys the law. Alternate translation: “an everlasting limit that it cannot cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 22 kd3c figs-metaphor 0 it does not violate it “the ocean does not violate my decree.” God speaks of ocean not going past the border of sand as if the border were a law, and as if the ocean were a person who obeys the law. Alternate translation: “it does not succeed in going past the border” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 23 l32t figs-metaphor 0 this people has a stubborn heart. It turns The people’s heart represents their attitude toward God. If Yahweh is speaking to the people, this can also be expressed with the word “you.” Alternate translation: “but you people have a stubborn heart. You turn” or “but you people are stubborn. You turn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 5 23 cf4m figs-metaphor 0 It turns away in rebellion and goes away The word “it” refers to the people. Here “goes away” represents disobeying God. Alternate translation: “They rebel and disobey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 24 s5r8 figs-metaphor 0 they do not say in their hearts Here “their hearts” represent their thoughts, and “say” represents thinking. Alternate translation: “they do not think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 24 k3at figs-explicit 0 keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest for us Here “keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest” represents making sure that those weeks happen at the right time. Alternate translation: “making sure for us that the weeks of harvest happen when they are supposed to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 5 25 g8i4 0 Your iniquities The word “Your” refers to the descendants of Jacob and the people of Judah.
JER 5 25 th39 figs-metaphor 0 Your sins have stopped good from coming to you Good things “coming” represents good things happening. “Because of your sins, good things have stopped happening to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 26 x9gl figs-activepassive 0 For wicked men are found with my people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “For I have found wicked men among my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 5 26 zk7i figs-simile 0 They watch as someone crouches to capture birds God speaks of wicked people wanting to harm someone as if they were waiting to capture birds. Alternate translation: “Like someone hiding and waiting to capture birds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 5 26 rv4u figs-metaphor 0 they set a trap and catch people God speaks of wicked people intentionally harming others as if they were setting a trap. Alternate translation: “They set things up so that they can take advantage of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 27 qx63 figs-simile 0 Like a cage full of birds, their houses are full of deceit Here “deceit” represents the things that were taken by deceit. Alternate translation: Like a cage full of birds that a hunter has caught, wicked people’s houses are full of things that they have taken by deceiving people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 5 27 ktf1 figs-metaphor 0 they grow large and become rich Here “large” represents powerful. Alternate translation: “these wicked people become powerful and rich” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 28 cw6j 0 they shine with well-being This could mean: (1) their skin shines because of the healthy food they eat, or (2) their body is smooth because of the muscle and fat between their bones and skin. It indicates that they eat well.
JER 5 28 plb9 figs-metaphor 0 They crossed over all bounds of wickedness Doing all kinds of wicked things is spoken of as if there were a boundary separating some wicked things from things that are even more wicked. Alternate translation: “They do all kinds of wicked things” or “They even do the most wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 28 mc4l 0 They do not plead the cause of the people, or the cause of the orphan Alternate translation: “They do not plead with the rulers to give the people and the orphans what they need” or “They do not plead with the rulers to give justice to the people and the orphans”
JER 5 28 fdb8 0 they have not given justice to the needy Alternate translation: “they have not helped the needy by doing what is just for them”
JER 5 29 pah8 figs-rquestion 0 Should I not punish … a nation like this? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will no have mercy but will punish them. See how you translated a similar sentence in [Jeremiah 5:9](../05/09.md). Alternate translation: “So I will punish them, this is Yahweh’s declaration. I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 5 29 s1ep figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 5 30 jnz7 figs-explicit 0 Atrocities and horrors have occurred This can be stated more actively. Alternate translation: “People do terrible and horrible things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 5 30 a5il figs-explicit 0 in the land Here “the land” refers to the land of Israel.’ Alternate translation: “in the land of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 5 31 m6tl 0 The prophets prophesy with deceit, and the priests rule with their own power These are the atrocities and horrors that are spoken of in verse 30.
JER 5 31 md9e figs-explicit 0 the priests rule with their own power This could mean: (1) the priests do not submit to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “the priests rule by their own authority” or (2) the priests rule according to the directions of the prophets (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 5 31 lf6j figs-rquestion 0 but what will happen in the end? “but what will you do at the end of all of this?” Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people will regret being wicked when he punishes them for it. Alternate translation: “but in the end I will punish you and you will be regret your wicked behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 6 intro f4ic 0 # Jeremiah 6 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 6:1-30.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gods and battle<br>In the ancient Near East, it was commonly believed that a nation’s gods were responsible for military victory. It may have been believed that a god would not defend an evil city. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
JER 6 1 f21l figs-idiom 0 Find safety … by leaving Jerusalem Here “Find safety” represents doing what they can in order to be safe. Alternate translation: “Be safe … by leaving Jerusalem” or “Leave Jerusalem … so that you can be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 6 1 h78h figs-explicit 0 Blow a trumpet in Tekoa A trumpet is used as a warning that people will be attacked. Alternate translation: “Blow a trumpet in Tekoa to warn the people that they will be attacked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 6 1 v1e9 translate-names 0 Tekoa This is the name of a town about 18 kilometers south of Jerusalem. The name means “a horn for blowing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 6 1 m5nz 0 Raise up over Beth Hakkerem a signal This could mean: (1) the signal is smoke from a fire. Alternate translation: “Light a fire to send up smoke at Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming” or (2) the signal is a flag. Alternate translation: “Raise up a flag over the town of Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming”
JER 6 1 cj9u 0 Beth Hakkerem the name of a town about 10 kilometers south of Jerusalem. The name means “the place of the vineyard.”
JER 6 1 fa2a figs-metonymy 0 wickedness is appearing from the north Here “wickedness” represents disaster and the people who will cause it. Alternate translation: “enemies will come from the north and cause disaster to happen to you” or “enemies coming from the north will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 6 1 sub6 figs-explicit 0 a great crushing is coming How the crushing will come can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Enemies will come and crush you” or “Enemies will come and destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 6 2 cw79 figs-personification 0 The daughter of Zion, the beautiful and delicate woman Zion is another name for Jerusalem. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as though it were a woman. He speaks of it as a daughter to show his love for Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “My dear Zion, which is like a beautiful and delicate woman” or “My dear Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 6 3 l12q figs-metaphor 0 The shepherds and their flocks will go to them Kings were often spoken of as shepherds of their people. Alternate translation: “The kings and their soldiers will go to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 3 j632 figs-explicit 0 they will set up tents against her all around The phrase “against her” means “in order to attack Zion.” Alternate translation: “they will set up tents all around Zion in order to attack it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 6 3 g9el figs-metonymy 0 each man will shepherd God speaks of kings leading their armies to destroy the land, as if they were shepherds leading their sheep to eat grass. Alternate translation: “like a shepherd each king will lead his army” or “each king will lead his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 6 3 uz2s figs-metaphor 0 with his own hand Here “hand” represents the portion of something someone his assigned to take in his hand. Here it refers to the portion of land the king is assigned to conquer. Alternate translation: “and conquer his portion of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 4 ejj3 figs-explicit 0 Dedicate yourselves It can be stated clearly that the kings say this. Alternate translation: “The kings say to their armies, ‘Dedicate yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 6 4 am3p figs-explicit 0 Dedicate yourselves to the gods for the battle The attacking army tries to ensure that their gods will help them during the war by performing ceremonies and making sacrifices to them. Alternate translation: “Prepare for war by purifying yourselves and sacrificing to the gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 6 4 l529 figs-metaphor 0 Arise, let us attack To arise or stand up is a metaphor for no longer watching and thinking and instead beginning to act. Alternate translation: “Let us stop thinking and begin to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 4 d1mc 0 It is too bad that the daylight is fading away, that the evening shadows are falling The kings say this later in the day when they want their army to keep fighting even though it is getting dark.
JER 6 4 hnt2 figs-metonymy 0 the daylight is fading away The end of the day is spoken of in terms of its light becoming dark. Alternate translation: “the day is ending” or “it is beginning to get dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 6 5 qmf3 figs-explicit 0 her fortresses People often spoke of cities as if they were women. Her the word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the strong buildings of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 6 6 crp6 figs-personification 0 Cut her trees God says this to the army that will attack Jerusalem. The word “her” refers to Jerusalem; cities were often spoken of as if they were women. Alternate translation: “Cut down the trees outside of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 6 6 v6t3 0 heap up siegeworks against Jerusalem Siegeworks are either high mounds of dirt or high ramps made of wood that the enemies build outside the city wall in order go on top of the wall and attack the people inside the city.
JER 6 6 p62r figs-metaphor 0 because it is filled with oppression Here “it is filled with oppression” represents people there always oppressing people. Alternate translation: “because its people are always oppressing each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 7 x25i figs-simile 0 As a well pours out fresh water, so this city keeps producing wickedness Here “this city keeps producing wickedness” represents people in the city continuing to do wicked things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 6 7 q16a figs-activepassive 0 Violence and disorder are heard within her If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I hear violence and disorder in her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 6 7 ky66 figs-idiom 0 sickness and wounds are continually before my face These things being “before” God’s face represents him seeing them. Alternate translation: “I constantly see sickness and wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 6 8 ctm4 figs-metonymy 0 Accept discipline, Jerusalem … make you into a ruin, an uninhabited land Here God speaks to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the city itself. Alternate translation: “Accept discipline, you people of Jerusalem … make your land into a ruin, an uninhabited land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 6 8 nn5k figs-metonymy 0 Accept discipline “Accept discipline” here is a metaphor for learning from discipline. Alternate translation: “Learn from your discipline” or “When I punish you, learn to do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 6 9 sz1r figs-metaphor 0 They will certainly glean those who are left in Israel like a vineyard Yahweh speaks of the enemy attacking those who remain as if the enemy were to pick grapes that remain in a vineyard after others have harvested it. Alternate translation: “After destroying Israel, they will certainly come back to attack the people who are still alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 9 e5tr 0 They will certainly The word “They” refers to the enemy that Yahweh sends to destroy Israel.
JER 6 9 kl5d figs-metaphor 0 Reach out again with your hand to pick grapes from the vines Yahweh commands the enemy to attack those who remain in Israel as if the enemy were pick to grapes that remain in a vineyard after others have harvested it. Alternate translation: “Come back and attack the people of Israel who remain” or “Like people who reach out again to pick grapes from vines that they have already harvested, come back and attack the people who remain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 10 g9ic figs-rquestion 0 To whom should I declare and warn so they will listen Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that none of the people of Israel would listen to him even after they survived the attack of their enemies. Alternate translation: “There is no one left for me to speak to and warn who might listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 6 10 p8ap figs-metaphor 0 Their ears are uncircumcised This represents their stubborn unwillingness to listen to God. Alternate translation: “Their ears are closed” or “They refuse to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 10 n19z 0 Their ears The word “Their” refer to the people of Israel.
JER 6 10 yw68 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh has come to them This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to them. He did this through his prophets. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has sent messages to them” or “Yahweh has spoken to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 6 11 dqg7 figs-idiom 0 But I am filled with Yahweh’s fury Jeremiah is speaking. He feels the same anger that Yahweh feels, and he speaks of being extremely angry as if he were filled with anger. Alternate translation: “I am completely angry as Yahweh is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 6 11 bdn3 figs-metaphor 0 I am tired of holding it in Jeremiah speaks of not showing Yahweh’s anger as if he were holding the anger inside himself. Alternate translation: “I am tired from not expressing this anger” or “I am tired of not doing anything about this anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 11 mm2e figs-metaphor 0 Pour it out on the children in the streets and on the groups of young men God speaks of punishing the people of Israel as if his anger were a liquid that he wanted Jeremiah to pour out on them. Alternate translation: “In anger punish the children in the streets and the groups of young men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 11 xce7 figs-activepassive 0 For every man will be taken away with his wife If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Because enemies will capture every man with his wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 6 11 p4cb figs-ellipsis 0 every old person heavy with years The words “will be taken” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “every old person heavy with years will be taken” or “they will take every old person heavy with years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 6 11 ug45 figs-idiom 0 every old person heavy with years The phrase “heavy with years” is an idiom that means “very old.” It reinforces the phrase “old person.” Alternate translation: “every very old person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 6 12 c4qb figs-activepassive 0 Their houses will be turned over to others If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Their houses will become the possession of other people” or “There people will take their houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 6 12 m3qu figs-ellipsis 0 both their fields and their wives together The phrase “will be turned over to others” is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “and their fields and their women will also be turned over to others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 6 12 efu6 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 6 13 eyw7 figs-merism 0 that from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy The phrase “from the least to the greatest” shows that all the people of Israel are included in the phrase “all of them,” regardless of how important they are. Alternate translation: “all of them, including the least powerful, the most powerful, and every one else, are greedy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER 6 13 vs6m figs-nominaladj 0 the least This refers to the least powerful and least important people. Alternate translation: “the least powerful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER 6 13 gwi1 figs-nominaladj 0 the greatest This refers to the most powerful and most important people. Alternate translation: “the greatest people” or “the most powerful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER 6 13 qw1u figs-abstractnouns 0 are greedy for dishonest gain If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **gain**, you can express the same idea with the phrases “get more money” or “get more things.” Alternate translation: “want to get more money by lying to people” or “strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 6 14 it97 figs-metaphor 0 They have healed the wounds of my people lightly This could mean: (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They acts as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 14 kz57 figs-metaphor 0 They have healed the wounds … lightly Here “lightly” represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 15 l12m figs-rquestion 0 Were they ashamed when they practiced abominations? God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. Alternate translation: “They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 6 15 vc8r 0 they did not know how to blush When a person is ashamed, his face normally turns red. Alternate translation: “their faces did not even turn red”
JER 6 15 c3ai figs-metaphor 0 they will fall among the fallen Here “fall” represents being killed. Alternate translation: “they will be killed along with the others who are killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 15 qg6n figs-metaphor 0 they will be brought down when they are punished Here “will be brought down” represents being destroyed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them when I punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 6 16 s27z figs-explicit 0 Yahweh says this It can be stated clearly who Yahweh says this to. Alternate translation: “Yahweh says this to the people of Israel” or “Yahweh says this to his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 6 16 s5rz figs-metaphor 0 Stand at the road crossing … We will not go The roads and pathways refer to ways that people live their lives. Yahweh wants the people of Israel to ask what is the good way to live their lives and for them to live that way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 16 s5kk figs-metaphor 0 ask for the ancient pathways The ancient pathways represent their ancestors’s behavior, how their ancestors lived long ago. Alternate translation: “ask about the pathways that your ancestors walked on” or “ask about how your ancestors behaved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 16 h56h figs-metaphor 0 Where is this good way This could mean: (1) “this good way” represents the good way to live. Alternate translation: “What is the good way to live” or (2) “this good way” represents the way to live that results in blessings. Alternate translation: “Where is the way to what is good” or “What is the way to live that results in blessing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 16 a4xf figs-metaphor 0 Then go on it “Then walk on that path.” Going on that path represents living that way. Alternate translation: “Then live that way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 16 s29n figs-metaphor 0 We will not go This represents not living that way. Alternate translation: “We will not live that way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 17 zs9d figs-metaphor 0 I appointed for you watchmen to listen for the trumpet Yahweh speaks of his prophets as if they were watchmen who were sent to warn the people of danger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 17 jp7i 0 appointed for you The word “you” refers to the people of Israel.
JER 6 17 a3n7 0 to listen for the trumpet “to listen to the sound of the trumpet.” Yahweh speaks of his warning messages to his prophets as if the messages were a trumpet being blown to warn people about the danger that would come. The prophets were to listen to the warning and tell the people about it.
JER 6 18 upm1 figs-metonymy 0 Therefore, nations, listen! See, you witnesses, what will happen to them. These two sentences are telling the people of other nations to witness what Yahweh will do to the rebellious people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Therefore, you people of other nations, listen! You witnesses, see what will happen to my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER 6 18 zw4l 0 will happen to them The word “them” refers to the people of Israel.
JER 6 19 jt8u figs-apostrophe 0 Hear, earth Jeremiah is speaking to the people of nations far away from him as if they could hear him. He is speaking as if to the earth itself. Alternate translation: “Listen, everyone who lives on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 6 19 dce8 figs-metaphor 0 the fruit of their thoughts Here the word “fruit” represents results or consequences. Alternate translation: “the consequences of their thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 19 du18 figs-explicit 0 They paid no attention to my word or law, but they instead rejected it Here “paid no attention to my word” refers to not listening to what God said, and “rejected it” refers to refusing to obey God’s law. Alternate translation: “They did not listen to what I said. Instead they disobeyed my law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 6 20 p9c4 figs-rquestion 0 What does this frankincense going up from Sheba mean to me? Or these sweet smells from a distant land? God uses these questions to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “Frankincense from Sheba and sweet smelling cane from a distant land mean nothing to me.” or “I do not want your burnt offerings of frankincense from Sheba or sweet smelling cane from a distant land.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 6 21 d486 figs-metaphor 0 I am about to place a stumbling block against this people “I am about to put obstacles in front of this people.” Yahweh speaks of the troubles that he will make happen to the people of Israel as if they were a blocks that people stumble over. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 21 wc6y figs-ellipsis 0 fathers and sons together The phrase “will stumble” is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “fathers and sons will both stumble” or “fathers and sons will both be hurt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 6 22 yxt3 figs-explicit 0 a people is coming Their purpose can be made clear. Alternate translation: “a people is coming to attack you” or “an army is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 6 22 a582 figs-synecdoche 0 a great nation Here “nation” represents the army of the nation. Alternate translation: “the army of a great nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 6 22 xr58 figs-metaphor 0 is being stirred up from the farthest parts of the earth Being “stirred up” represents preparing to do something. Alternate translation: “is being prepared to come from a distant land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 23 bam3 figs-simile 0 Their sound is like the sea roar The loud noise that the soldiers make is compared to the loud noise of the ocean. Alternate translation: “The sound that they make is very loud, like the sound of the ocean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 6 23 xl54 figs-explicit 0 they are riding on horses, set out in order as men for battle The phrase “set out in order” means that they have organized themselves and are riding in rows. The phrase “as men for battle” indicates that they are ready to fight. Alternate translation: “they are riding on horses in their assigned rows, and they are ready to fight against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 6 24 fbb5 0 We have heard The word “We” probably refers to Jeremiah and the people of Judah.
JER 6 24 d28c figs-metaphor 0 Anguish seizes us Feeling great anguish is spoken of as if the anguish grabs them. Alternate translation: “We feel terrible anguish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 24 b25e figs-simile 0 as a woman giving birth The anguish that they feel because the enemy coming to attack them is compared to the anguish that a woman feels when she is about to give birth to a baby. Alternate translation: “like a woman who is about to give birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 6 25 k3f1 0 General Information: Jeremiah speaks to the people of Jerusalem. Some versions interpret this as Yahweh speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
JER 6 25 n3uk figs-metonymy 0 for the swords of the enemy and terror are all around The phrase “swords of the enemy” represents the enemy with their swords ready to attack. Here, **terror** refers to things that cause people to be frightened. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “For the enemy is everywhere with their swords and everyone else is terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 6 26 ti8u figs-metaphor 0 Daughter of my people Jeremiah shows Yahweh’s love for his people by speaking to them as a daughter. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate translation: “My people, you who are like a daughter to me” or “My dear people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 26 bkm8 translate-symaction 0 put on sackcloth and roll in ashes People do these things to show that they are extremely sad. Alternate translation: “Show how sad you are by wearing sackcloth and rolling in ashes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 6 26 u1nu figs-simile 0 mourn with painful sobs as for an only son Jeremiah compares the people’s great sadness to the sadness that a mother feels if her only son dies. Alternate translation: “mourn with painful sobs as you would if your only son died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 6 27 nfn2 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking to Jeremiah. God speaks of the people of Israel being very sinful as if they were silver that was full of impurities. God speaks of punishing Israel to make them stop sinning as if he were boiling silver and lead in a hot fire in order to remove the impurities from the silver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 27 i71y figs-simile 0 one who tests my people like one would test metal Yahweh compares Jeremiah testing his people to a person who tests metal to see how good it is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 6 28 qg4z figs-metaphor 0 All of them are bronze and iron Bronze and iron are hard metals. Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they were hard like bronze and iron. Alternate translation: “All of them are hard like bronze and iron” or “All of them are stubborn, as hard as bronze and iron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 29 zb2n figs-explicit 0 The bellows are scorched by the fire that is burning them; the lead is consumed in the flames God speaks of punishing his people as if they were silver and he was boiling the silver in a very hot fire. These phrases emphasize that the one boiling the metal was working very hard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 6 29 zf3z figs-metaphor 0 The bellows are scorched by the fire that is burning them The fire is so hot that it burns the bellows. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This very hot fire represents God’s judgment. Alternate translation: “The fire is so hot that it scorches the bellows” or “The punishment is so severe that it is like a fire that even burns the bellows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 6 29 r6p8 translate-unknown 0 The bellows are scorched Bellows are a tool used to blow large amounts of air into a burning fire to make the fire hotter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JER 6 29 a9dw figs-explicit 0 the lead is consumed in the flames The silver has so many impurities in it that the lead is used up before it can remove them all. This represents the people of Israel being so full of sin, that they continue to sin even after God punishes them. Alternate translation: “the silver is so full of impurities, that the lead that is used to remove them is used up” or “they are like silver that is so full of impurities that the lead cannot remove them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 29 fd3z figs-activepassive 0 The refining continues among them If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will continue to refine them” or “You will continue to try to purify them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 6 29 ujx6 figs-activepassive 0 because the evil is not removed God speaks of Israel continuing to be evil as if they were silver and the impurities remained in the silver. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because the evil remains” or “the impurities remain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 6 30 q4md figs-activepassive 0 They will be called rejected silver, for If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will say about the people of Israel, ‘They are rejected silver,’ for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 7 intro i2dl 0 # Jeremiah 7 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 7:29-34, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Justice in society<br>Jeremiah commanded the people of Jerusalem to live justly. Without justice, they did not truly have faith in Yahweh. Without this faith in Yahweh, the temple and its rituals were useless. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Do not pray for this people”<br>Yahweh wanted the people to repent. This statement, and the others that follow, may be taken in another way. They are intended to show that it is too late for the people, and their punishment will come regardless of their response. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
JER 7 1 y68e figs-idiom 0 The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said,” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 7 3 f884 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 7 3 c23a 0 Make your ways and practices good, and I will let you continue Alternate translation: “If you improve your ways and your practices, then I will let you continue”
JER 7 4 e2w3 figs-rpronouns 0 Do not entrust yourself to deceitful words and say The reflexive pronoun “yourself” emphasizes the personal risk to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “Do not trust in deceitful words to protect you, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER 7 4 ru5l figs-explicit 0 Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! It is implied that, since the temple belongs to Yahweh and represents his presence, he will protect it and the people of Judah will be safe. Possible meanings for why **Temple of Yahweh** is repeated three times are (1) it was repeated for emphasis or (2) it was repeated as part of a temple liturgy. Alternate translation: “This is the temple of Yahweh so it is absolutely certain that no one will destroy it and we are safe.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 7 5 s949 figs-abstractnouns 0 completely execute justice If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “judge rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 7 6 ivv5 figs-metonymy 0 pour out innocent blood Here pouring out innocent blood represents killing those not deserving death. Alternate translation: “kill innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 7 6 q1kh figs-metonymy 0 walk after other gods Here walking after is a metonym for following after with the intent to serve and obey. Alternate translation: “serve other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 7 6 q3q6 0 in this place Here “this place” refers to the land of Judah.
JER 7 7 n3ke 0 from ancient times and forever “from ancient times and continually.” This means Yahweh gave the land to the people of Judah to be their permanent possession.
JER 7 8 d4gt 0 General Information: The word “you” in these verses refers to the people of Judah.
JER 7 9 bi95 figs-rquestion 0 Do you steal, kill, and commit adultery? Do you swear … and walk after other gods whom you have not known? These questions expect a positive answer to make the point that God knows the sins they are committing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You steal, kill, and commit adultery. You swear … and walk after other gods whom you have not known.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 7 9 ps9p figs-metonymy 0 walk after other gods Here walking after is a metonym for following after with the intent to serve and obey. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:6](../07/06.md). Alternate translation: “serve other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 7 10 w19j figs-rquestion 0 Then do you come and stand … so you can do all of these abominations? This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows the hypocrisy of their words and actions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Then you come and stand … so you could do all of these abominations.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 7 10 ras4 figs-metonymy 0 house that is called by my name This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “house that belongs to me” or “temple where you worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 7 11 pb4b figs-rquestion 0 Is this house, which carries my name, a den of bandits in your eyes? This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows what they think about Yahweh’s temple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “This house, which carries my name, is a den of bandits in your eyes!” or “You act as though you think this house, which is called by my name, should be a place where bandits can go to hide!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 7 11 kj59 figs-idiom 0 this house, which carries my name Yahweh’s temple is spoken of as if it was carrying the name of Yahweh. This has a similar meaning to “this house that is called by my name” in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 7 11 ume9 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 7 12 j5kh 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
JER 7 12 c6l5 figs-idiom 0 my place that was in Shiloh, where I allowed my name to stay there in the beginning Here “where I allowed my name to stay” is an idiom that means this was a place where Yahweh was worshiped. Alternate translation: “the place in Shiloh where I first allowed my people to worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 7 13 m7ib figs-hendiadys 0 time and time again This hendiadys is also an idiom that means something is done many times. Alternate translation: “repeatedly” or “persistently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 7 14 g8pq figs-metonymy 0 this house that is called by my name This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:10](../07/10.md). Alternate translation: “this house that belongs to me” or “this temple where you worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 7 16 b1uq 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks to Jeremiah about the people of Judah. In these verses, “this people” refers to the people of Judah.
JER 7 16 h32v figs-parallelism 0 do not pray for this people, and do not lift up a lamenting wail or say a prayer on their behalf, and do not petition me These four clauses each mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 7 17 qn8a figs-rquestion 0 Do you not see what they are doing in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem? This question expects a positive answer and is asked to bring these things to Jeremiah’s attention. They can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at what they are doing in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 7 18 u6gq figs-explicit 0 the queen of the heavens This was the name of a false god. Alternate translation: “the false god known as ‘the queen of the heavens’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 7 19 ta4u figs-rquestion 0 is it not themselves whom they are provoking, so that shame is on them? This question expects a positive answer. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are provoking themselves, so that shame is on them!” or “they are troubling and bringing shame on themselves!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER 7 19 jj5b figs-abstractnouns 0 shame is on them If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **shame**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “shamed.” Alternate translation: “they are shamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 7 20 ccj2 0 See This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 7 20 ta7u figs-idiom 0 my anger and wrath will gush out onto this place Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were something that could be poured out. Alternate translation: “I will punish this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 7 20 xv82 figs-doublet 0 anger and wrath These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of Yahweh’s anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 7 20 mf3h figs-idiom 0 It will burn and never be extinguished Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a fire that could not be put out. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to stop my anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 7 21 hg9i 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 7 21 p7ch figs-irony 0 Add your burnt offerings to your sacrifices and the meat from them This is an ironic statement emphasizing that none of their sacrifices were acceptable to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Go ahead and eat the burnt offerings along with your sacrifices and meat from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER 7 23 zn4g figs-metonymy 0 Listen to my voice Here listening to Yahweh’s voice means to both hear his words and obey what he says. Alternate translation: “Hear and obey what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 7 23 ug56 figs-metaphor 0 walk in all the ways that I am commanding you Yahweh speaks of obeying his commands as if one were walking in them, like person would walk along a road. Alternate translation: “do everything that I am commanding you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 7 24 gts3 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the people of Judah. “They” refers to the ancestors of the people of Judah.
JER 7 24 u79z 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER 7 24 mmx8 figs-doublet 0 they did not listen or pay attention These phrases mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 7 24 hex1 0 by their own stubborn plans of their wicked hearts Alternate translation: “according to their own plans because they were wicked and stubborn”
JER 7 24 pn8b figs-metaphor 0 they went backwards, not forward This is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) they refused to pay attention to Yahweh, instead of eagerly obeying him. Alternate translation: “they went away from me instead of drawing closer to me” or (2) they got worse and worse instead of improving. Alternate translation: “they got worse instead of better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 7 25 g7qg figs-hyperbole 0 Ever since the day when your ancestors went out from the land of Egypt until this day This is a generalization that means over this entire period of time, not every day during this period of time. Alternate translation: “From the time your ancestors went out from the land of Egypt until now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 7 26 x6ns figs-idiom 0 they hardened their necks This is an idiom that means they were stubborn. Alternate translation: “they became stubborn” or “they resisted me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 7 27 nc7q figs-parallelism 0 So proclaim all these words to them, but they will not listen to you. Proclaim these things to them, but they will not answer you. These two sentences say the same thing, The second emphasizes the message of the first. Alternate translation: “Tell them my message, but they will not listen to you or answer you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 7 28 y4p4 figs-metonymy 0 the voice of Yahweh its God Here “the voice of Yahweh” represents what Yahweh has said. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:25](../03/25.md). Alternate translation: “what Yahweh its God has said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 7 28 di1t figs-activepassive 0 Truth is destroyed and cut off from their mouths Yahweh speaks of truth as if it was something the people could destroy and stop saying. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people destroy truth and cut it off from their mouths” or “The people tell only lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 7 28 zj54 figs-abstractnouns 0 Truth is destroyed If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truth**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “truthful.” Alternate translation: “What is truthful is destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 7 29 y4ae 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER 7 29 rrp6 translate-symaction 0 Cut off your hair and shave yourself, and throw away your hair This would be done as a sign of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER 7 29 p56k figs-doublet 0 rejected and abandoned These two words have similar meanings and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 7 30 hxu1 figs-metonymy 0 sons of Judah This refers to the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 7 30 aui5 figs-metonymy 0 their detestable things Here “detestable things” refers to idols, which God hates. Alternate translation: “their disgusting idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 7 30 szk4 figs-metonymy 0 house that is called by my name This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:10](../07/10.md). Alternate translation: “house that belongs to me” or “temple where they worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 7 31 bpk3 0 General Information: The words “they” and “their” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
JER 7 31 ud4q 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to describe the evil things that the people of Judah had done.
JER 7 31 v64i translate-names 0 the high place of Topheth This is the name of a place where the people of Israel sacrificed their children to a false god by burning them with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 7 31 ikn7 translate-names 0 the Valley of Ben Hinnom This is the name of a valley south of the city of Jerusalem, where people sacrificed to false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 7 31 iq5w figs-metonymy 0 nor did it enter my mind Here the word “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “nor did I ever think about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 7 32 dgv5 0 So see The word “see” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed”
JER 7 32 pkn1 figs-metaphor 0 days are coming … when it Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” Alternate translation: “in the future … it” or “there will be a time … when it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 7 32 t424 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 7 32 ums9 figs-activepassive 0 it will no longer be called If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will no longer call it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 7 34 w3gl figs-doublet 0 the sound of joy and the sound of gladness These two phrases mean almost the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. The abstract nouns “joy” and “gladness” can be translated using the verb “rejoicing” and the adjective “glad.” Alternate translation: “the sounds of people rejoicing and being glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 7 34 mbc1 figs-metonymy 0 the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride This is a metonym for what happens at marriage ceremonies. Alternate translation: “and people celebrating marriage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 7 34 t5xh figs-abstractnouns 0 will become a desolation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “desolate.” Alternate translation: “will become desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 8 intro b29a 0 # Jeremiah 8 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:5-22.<br><br>The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 8:5-9:12. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Hyperbole<br>The author frequently uses hyperbole in this chapter to describe the complete destruction of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 8 2 p4kx 0 will spread them out The word “them” refers to the bones of the people listed in the previous verse.
JER 8 2 i7h2 figs-parallelism 0 that they have followed and served, that they have walked after and sought, and that they have worshiped The word “they” here refers to the people of Judah. These three phrases mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 8 2 gvn4 figs-metaphor 0 walked after This is a metaphor for serving or worshiping. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:23](../02/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 8 2 mxy9 figs-activepassive 0 The bones will not be gathered or buried again This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “No one will gather their bones or bury them again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 8 2 j8lx figs-simile 0 They will be like dung on the surface of the earth The bones are compared to dung on the ground both to emphasize that they will be disgusting and because they will not be buried. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 8 3 w45m 0 where I have driven them The word “them” refers to the people of Judah.
JER 8 3 vl6x figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 8 4 xxz7 0 General Information: The words “them” and “they” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
JER 8 4 v36i figs-rquestion 0 Does anyone fall and not get up? Does anyone get lost and not try to return? These questions make the point that the way that the people of Judah were acting did not make sense. They can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that when someone falls, he gets back up, and when someone gets lost, he tries to find his way back.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 8 5 zes9 figs-rquestion 0 Why has this people, Jerusalem, turned away in permanent faithlessness? Yahweh is saying that the way the people of Judah are acting does not make sense. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It does not make sense that this people, Jerusalem, has turned away in permanent faithlessness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 8 5 vgq1 figs-synecdoche 0 Jerusalem The word “Jerusalem” here is a synecdoche for all the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 8 5 h7hw figs-metaphor 0 hold on to treachery What the people of Judah were doing is spoken of as if they were clinging to treachery and would not let it go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 8 5 n5b8 figs-abstractnouns 0 They hold on to treachery Here, **treachery** is spoken of as if it were a physical object that a person could hold on to. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **treachery**, you can express the same idea with the verb “deceive.” Holding on to something is a metaphor for loving. Alternate translation: “They refuse to turn away from what deceives them” or “They love the people who deceive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 8 6 v92n 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER 8 6 w5p2 figs-doublet 0 paid attention and listened These two things mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 8 6 i9mx figs-abstractnouns 0 for his wickedness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “wicked.” Alternate translation: “for being wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 8 6 yw8x figs-explicit 0 What have I done? The implied information is that this is a question that the people of Judah should have been asking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done a terrible thing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 8 6 r6ux figs-simile 0 like a stallion rushing toward battle The eagerness of the people to follow their own evil way is compared to the eagerness of a war horse running toward a battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 8 6 j57y 0 stallion adult male horse
JER 8 7 j78m figs-explicit 0 Even the stork in heaven knows the right times; and the doves, swifts, and cranes The implied information is that these types of birds know the right times to migrate, which means to fly from one place to another at different times of the year for feeding or breeding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 8 7 lsk2 translate-unknown 0 stork … doves, swifts, and cranes All of these are different types of birds that migrate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JER 8 7 i7xx figs-explicit 0 They go on their migrations at the right time, but my people do not know Yahweh’s decrees The implied information is that the people should have naturally known Yahweh’s decrees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 8 7 g1he figs-abstractnouns 0 They go on their migrations If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **migrations**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “migrate.” Alternate translation: “They migrate” or “They fly from one region to another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 8 8 n65d figs-rquestion 0 How can you say, “We are wise, for the law of Yahweh is with us”? Yahweh asks this question to make the people of Judah think about what they were saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You think that you are wise because you have the law of Yahweh with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 8 8 qeg1 figs-metonymy 0 The deceitful pen of the scribes The pen represents the words that the scribes write. Alternate translation: “The false things that the scribes write” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 8 9 g2b6 figs-irony 0 The wise men will be ashamed This is irony because the wise men are normally honored for their wisdom. Alternate translation: “Those men who think they are wise will feel ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER 8 9 i9ya figs-rquestion 0 so what use is their wisdom? This question expects a negative answer and is intended to make the hearers think about how little what they consider wisdom is really worth when they reject Yahweh’s word. Alternate translation: “so what they think is wise does not do them any good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 8 10 n8yx 0 because from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy for dishonest gain! From the prophet to the priest, all of them practice deceit See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:13](../06/13.md).
JER 8 10 eq1m figs-merism 0 because from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy The phrase “from the least to the greatest” shows that all the people of Judah are included in the phrase “all of them,” regardless of how important they are. Alternate translation: “because all of them, including the least powerful, the most powerful, and everyone else, are greedy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER 8 10 by2f figs-nominaladj 0 the least This refers to the least powerful and least important people. Alternate translation: “the least powerful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER 8 10 m98v figs-nominaladj 0 the greatest This refers to the most powerful and most important people. Alternate translation: “the greatest people” or “the most powerful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER 8 10 c6bc figs-abstractnouns 0 are greedy for dishonest gain If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **gain**, you can express the same idea with the phrases “get more money” or “get more things.” Alternate translation: “want to get more money by lying to people” or “strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 8 11 t6ta figs-metaphor 0 They healed the wounds of my people lightly This could mean: (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 8 11 t1ge figs-metaphor 0 They healed the wounds … lightly Here “lightly” represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 8 12 j556 figs-rquestion 0 Were they ashamed when they practiced abominations? God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. Alternate translation: “They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 8 12 a8qy 0 they did not know how to blush “their faces did not even turn red.” When a person is ashamed, his face normally turns red.
JER 8 12 m1ix figs-metaphor 0 they will fall among the fallen Here “fall” represents being killed. Alternate translation: “they will be killed along with the others who are killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 8 12 x1y2 figs-metaphor 0 they will be brought down when they are punished Here “will be brought down” represents being destroyed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them when I punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 8 13 b972 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 8 14 r249 figs-rquestion 0 Why are we sitting here? This question is asked to motivate action. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We should not stay here.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 8 14 bl3v 0 Come together; let us go to the fortified cities The “fortified cities” were cities with high walls and strong defenses. See how you translated the similar phrases in [Jeremiah 4:5](../04/05.md).
JER 8 14 vsn4 figs-metaphor 0 we will become silent there in death Here “become silent” means to die. Alternate translation: “let us die there” or “let us wait for our enemies to kill us there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 8 14 pv27 figs-metaphor 0 For Yahweh our God will silence us Here “silence” is a metaphor for condemning to death. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh our God has condemned us to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 8 14 tg23 figs-idiom 0 He will make us drink poison This is an idiom for Yahweh’s judgment on his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 8 16 ck4x figs-activepassive 0 The snorting of his stallions is heard from Dan This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Dan hear the snorting of his stallions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 8 16 v3by figs-hyperbole 0 The whole earth shakes This is an exaggeration that is a metaphor for the people of Judah trembling with fear. Alternate translation: “All the people of the land shake with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 8 16 a2w1 figs-idiom 0 they will come and consume Here the word “consume” means to eat up. It is an idiom for how the enemies come and destroy the land and its inhabitants. Alternate translation: “they will come and destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 8 17 ma3y figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 8 18 hkg9 0 My sorrow has no end The word “my” refers to Jeremiah. The original text is unclear and is interpreted here in different ways by modern versions.
JER 8 18 ia82 figs-hyperbole 0 has no end These words are an exaggeration that express the great extent of Jeremiah’s sorrow. Alternate translation: “is very great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 8 18 ah2i figs-synecdoche 0 my heart is sick Here “heart” represents Jeremiah, emphasizing his feelings and emotions. Alternate translation: “I feel sick deep down inside me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 8 19 i7c2 0 Behold! This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. “Pay attention!”
JER 8 19 i2u5 figs-metaphor 0 the daughter of my people Jeremiah is speaking about the people of Judah in a way that shows his affection for them, as if for a daughter. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate translation: “my dear people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 8 19 qg4d 0 from a land far away This could mean: (1) From exile. Alternate translation: “from exile in a distant land” or (2) From throughout the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “throughout our land”
JER 8 19 r91i figs-parallelism 0 Is Yahweh not in Zion? Is her king no longer there? These two questions are similar in meaning. They imply that the people of Judah are wondering why Yahweh is not saving them. Alternate translation: “Why does Yahweh not save us if he is the king in Zion?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 8 19 i1se figs-rquestion 0 Why then do they provoke me to anger with their carved figures and their worthless foreign idols? The word “me” refers to Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “If they want me to save them, then they must not offend me with their carved figures.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 8 20 d3mu figs-activepassive 0 But we have not been saved Jeremiah tells what the people of Judah are saying. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh has not saved us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 8 21 epc5 figs-parallelism 0 I am hurt because of the hurt of the daughter of my people. I mourn at the horrible things that have happened to her; I am dismayed These statements express the same idea in more than one way for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 8 22 j9cz figs-rquestion 0 Is there no medicine in Gilead? Is there no healer there? Why will the healing of the daughter of my people not happen? These questions are asked to make the point that the people of Judah have not been saved. Alternate translation: “There is medicine in Gilead, and there are healers there, so tell me why the healing of my dear people will not happen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 9 intro muj3 0 # Jeremiah 9 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 9:1-12, 17-24.<br><br>The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 8:5-9:12. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Funeral<br>This chapter pictures Jerusalem as having a funeral with its typical songs. This is an image used to describe their destruction. It is a time of great sadness.<br><br>### Circumcision<br>Circumcision is used here in an unusual way. Since circumcision was intended to be a display of faith, the author uses the term to differentiate between those who have faith in Yahweh and those who don’t. This is a type of metaphor. Those who have a circumcised heart have faith in Yahweh while those with an uncircumcised heart do not have faith in Yahweh, regardless of whether they are physically circumcised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 9 1 rjn7 figs-parallelism 0 If only my head could produce water, and my eyes be a fountain of tears This is Jeremiah speaking. These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how much Jeremiah is weeping. Alternate translation: “I wish I could make more tears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 9 1 f1ez figs-merism 0 day and night By mentioning both “day” and “night” this phrase means all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “continually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER 9 1 x4zd figs-metaphor 0 the daughter of my people Yahweh shows his love for his people by speaking of them as a daughter. Here Jeremiah uses this same phrase for the people that Yahweh uses. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate translation: “my people, who are like Yahweh’s daughter” or “my dear people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 9 1 gx7s figs-activepassive 0 who have been killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom the enemy has killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 9 2 t6vy 0 a place for travelers in the wilderness to stay This refers to a building for people traveling in the wilderness, where they can stop and sleep overnight.
JER 9 3 m7dg 0 Yahweh declares See how you translated “this is Yahweh’s declaration” in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md).
JER 9 3 dkt1 figs-metaphor 0 They tread on their bows of lies with their tongues Telling lies is spoken of as being done by the tongues of the wicked. Also, since a spoken lie cannot be taken back, telling lies is spoken of as if it were shooting arrows. Men who use bows must step on their bows in order to fasten the bowstrings, so liars are referred to here as if they were stringing their bows using their tongues. Alternate translation: “Their lies are like arrows that they shoot with the tongues” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 9 3 q5qh figs-irony 0 but it is not because of any faithfulness of theirs that they grow strong on the earth “They do not grow strong on the earth because they are faithful to Yahweh, as they are wicked” and “This means that the people are not faithful to Yahweh, but rather are wicked and have gained their power through wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER 9 3 vc82 figs-metaphor 0 They go from one wicked act to another Committing one evil action after another is spoken of as if the evildoers were going from one action to another. Alternate translation: “They keep doing evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 9 4 i6ut 0 Each of you The word “you” refers to the people of Judah.
JER 9 4 zbn4 0 be on guard against your neighbor and do not trust in any brother Alternate translation: “be careful not to trust your fellow Israelites, and do not even trust your own brother”
JER 9 4 n2fi figs-idiom 0 every neighbor walks in slander Here “walking” is an idiom for living. Alternate translation: “every neighbor slanders one another” or “every neighbor is a slanderer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 9 5 t4rw 0 Each man mocks his neighbor and does not speak the truth Alternate translation: “All of the people mock each other, and they do not tell the truth”
JER 9 5 w9wa figs-synecdoche 0 Their tongues teach deceitful things Here people are represented by their “tongues” to emphasize their speech. Alternate translation: “They teach deceitful things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 9 6 kdu3 figs-metaphor 0 Your dwelling is in the midst of deception Yahweh speaks of living among people who are liars as living in the middle of deception. Alternate translation: “Your dwelling is among the dwellings of liars” or “You dwell in the midst of liars” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 9 6 ra6u figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 9 7 l451 figs-idiom 0 See Yahweh uses this word here to draw Jeremiah’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 9 7 kq5h figs-metaphor 0 to refine them Yahweh speaks of testing the people and dealing with their evil ways, as if they were metal that he were melting in a crucible to remove its impurities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 9 7 y5gl figs-rquestion 0 for what else can I do, because of what my people have done? Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to state that this is how he needs to deal with his people because of what they have done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “for this is how I must deal with my people because of what they have done.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 9 8 ak19 figs-metaphor 0 Their tongues are sharpened arrows This speaks of people’s tongues as if they were sharpened arrows because of how the people hurt others by what they say. Here their speech is represented by their “tongues.” Alternate translation: “Their words are like sharpened arrows that hurt other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 9 8 yi2b figs-metonymy 0 With their mouths they proclaim peace with their neighbors Here people’s speech is represented by their “mouths.” Alternate translation: “They speak, saying that they want peace with their neighbors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 9 8 f4zw figs-metaphor 0 but with their hearts they lie in wait for them Here a people’s desires are represented by their “hearts.” This speaks of them wanting to hurt their neighbors as if they were an animal crouching and waiting to attack its prey. Alternate translation: “but what they really want is to destroy their neighbors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 9 9 x1jx figs-rquestion 0 Should I not punish them because of these things … should I not avenge myself on a nation that is like this? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will not have mercy and stop himself from punishing them. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 5:9](../05/09.md). Alternate translation: “Because they do these things, I will punish them … I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 9 9 fm1d figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 9 10 zfu4 figs-parallelism 0 I will sing a song of mourning … a funeral song will be sung for the meadows Yahweh is mourning for the land of Israel as if it were a person who died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 9 10 s5s7 figs-activepassive 0 a funeral song will be sung If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will sing a funeral song” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 9 10 x2nb figs-activepassive 0 For they are burned If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Because someone has burned the meadows and pastures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 9 12 lun7 figs-rquestion 0 What man is wise enough to understand this? Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only a very wise person will understand the things he has said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only people who are very wise can understand these things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 9 12 dem8 figs-rquestion 0 To whom has the mouth of Yahweh spoken, and he will declare it? Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only the people he has spoken to can declare these things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only those who have been taught by Yahweh can explain these things to others.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 9 12 r7i9 figs-synecdoche 0 the mouth of Yahweh Here Yahweh’s speech is represented by his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 9 12 ru4f figs-rquestion 0 Why has the land perished and been destroyed … pass through? Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only a wise person could explain why the land has been destroyed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only a wise person could explain why the land has perished and been destroyed … pass through.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 9 12 x8mt figs-activepassive 0 has the land perished and been destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Both “perished” and “been ruined” describe the land being ruined. Alternate translation: “is the land ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 9 13 dqx8 figs-metaphor 0 they have abandoned my law Yahweh speaks of the people not obeying his law as if it were something that they had walked away from. Alternate translation: “they have rejected my law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 9 13 maj3 figs-metonymy 0 they do not listen to my voice Here Yahweh’s “voice” represents what he says. Alternate translation: “they do not pay attention to the things I tell them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 9 13 cf6h figs-idiom 0 or walk by it Here “walk” is an idiom for “live.” Alternate translation: “or live the way I tell them to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 9 14 d459 figs-metonymy 0 they have walked by their stubborn hearts Here the people’s “stubborn hearts” represent their stubborn desires and stubborn will. Also, here “walked” represents living. Alternate translation: “they have been stubborn and lived the way they want to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 9 15 bg34 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 9 15 za9v figs-idiom 0 See Yahweh uses this word here to draw the people’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 9 16 nyj4 0 Then I will scatter them among the nations Alternate translation: “Then I will force them to leave here and live in many different countries”
JER 9 16 axn5 figs-ellipsis 0 neither they nor their ancestors The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “that neither they nor their ancestors have known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 9 16 w74v figs-metonymy 0 I will send out a sword after them Here the word “sword” refers to an enemy army. Alternate translation: “I will send an army of soldiers to fight against them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 9 16 bq4y figs-metonymy 0 I have completely destroyed them This is a metonym for Yahweh causing the people’s enemies to destroy them. Alternate translation: “I have caused their enemies to completely destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 9 17 lv4i 0 General Information: Yahweh tells the people of Judah to mourn for the coming destruction of the land.
JER 9 17 ict2 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 9 17 air9 figs-parallelism 0 Summon funeral singers; let them come … Send out for women skilled at lamenting; let them come These two phrases have the same meaning. They emphasize that they are to call funeral singers to come. Alternate translation: “Get women who are trained in mourning and bring those women here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 9 17 u7sp figs-idiom 0 let them come This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “tell the women to come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 9 17 j5jq figs-metonymy 0 Send out for women skilled at lamenting The phrase “send out for” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Send people out to get women who are skilled at mourning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 9 18 ln9m figs-exclusive 0 Let them hurry and sing a mournful song … and our eyelids flow with water Here Yahweh says what the people of Judah will say when the destruction comes. The words “us” and “our” refer to the people of Judah and does not include Yahweh. This may be written instead as a command from Yahweh to the people. Alternate translation: “Tell them to hurry and sing a song to mourn for you, so your eyes may run with tears and your eyelids flow with water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
JER 9 18 fft6 figs-explicit 0 so our eyes may run with tears and our eyelids flow with water This describes the people crying a lot. Alternate translation: “so we will cry very hard with tears flowing from our eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 9 19 la1m figs-activepassive 0 For the sound of wailing is heard in Zion This refers to the people of Zion wailing loudly and can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Zion are crying loudly, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 9 19 s2nn figs-idiom 0 How we are devastated Yahweh tells what the people of Judah will say when the land is destroyed. Alternate translation: “We are very upset” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 9 19 g3w7 0 We are greatly ashamed, for we have abandoned the land since they tore down our houses Alternate translation: “Our shame is great, because enemies destroyed our houses and we had to leave the land of Israel”
JER 9 20 n18s figs-parallelism 0 hear Yahweh’s word; pay attention to the messages that come from his mouth These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the command to listen to what Yahweh says. In the second phrase Yahweh’s “mouth” is a metonym for himself. Alternate translation: “listen to what Yahweh says. Pay attention to his words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 9 20 hr1b figs-ellipsis 0 each neighbor woman a funeral song The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “teach each neighbor woman a funeral song” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 9 21 tk2q figs-personification 0 For death has come through our windows … young men in the city squares The people of Judah will compare death to a person who can climb in windows to attack the people inside and attacks people in the palaces, streets, and city squares. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 9 22 b1lf figs-123person 0 This is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “This is what Yahweh has declared” or “This is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 9 22 tfy4 figs-parallelism 0 the corpses of men will fall like dung … like grain stalks after the reapers These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the large number dead bodies. Alternate translation: “dead bodies will fall all over the place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 9 22 q61w figs-simile 0 corpses of men will fall like dung in the fields This describes the great number of people who will die, by comparing their bodies to dung that falls in the fields. Alternate translation: “dead bodies will drop everywhere like animal dung falls all over the fields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 9 22 j451 figs-simile 0 like grain stalks after the reapers This describes the great number of people who will die, by comparing their bodies to cut stalks of grain. Alternate translation: “like stalks of grain fall everywhere after the farmers cut them down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 9 23 r3w7 figs-ellipsis 0 or the warrior in his might The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “or let the warrior take pride in his might” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 9 24 vub7 figs-parallelism 0 has insight and knows me “understands who I am and knows me.” Both of these phrases have similar meanings. They emphasize people knowing who Yahweh is and understanding who he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 9 24 eht9 figs-explicit 0 For I am Yahweh This refers to people knowing Yahweh and his ways. Alternate translation: “Because people should understand that I am Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 9 24 ccv3 0 For it is in these that I take pleasure The word “these” refers to covenant loyalty, justice, and righteousness.
JER 9 24 t9de figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 9 25 md99 figs-idiom 0 See Yahweh uses this word here to draw the people’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Indeed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 9 25 k6yc figs-metaphor 0 all the circumcised who are such only in their body This refers to the people of Israel who have entered into Yahweh’s covenant by getting circumcised physically, but who have not changed their inner beings by following his laws. Alternate translation: “all those people who have changed their bodies by circumcising them but who have not changed their inner beings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 9 26 qn15 0 all the people who cut the hair on their heads very short This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “all the people who live on the edge of the wilderness.”
JER 9 26 siw4 figs-metonymy 0 For all these nations are uncircumcised The word “nations” refers to the people who live in these places. Foreigners being uncircumcised was a sign that they were not in Yahweh’s covenant. Alternate translation: “For the people of these nations did not enter into a covenant with Yahweh through circumcision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 9 26 l471 figs-metonymy 0 all the house of Israel has an uncircumcised heart The “heart” represents a person’s will and desires. An “uncircumcised heart” represents the character of a person that does not follow Yahweh and his laws. Also, the “house” of Israel refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the people of Israel are only circumcised on the outside and have not changed their hearts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 10 intro v6xy 0 # Jeremiah 10 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 10:1-25 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are a long quotation.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s power<br>This chapter contrasts the great power of Yahweh with the powerlessness of any other false god. It is intended to question why the Jews would worship any other god. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
JER 10 1 v6qy 0 General Information: Yahweh has just reminded the people of Judah, as well as Egypt, Edom, Ammon, Moab and all people, that they will be punished.
JER 10 1 str3 figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel Here the “house” of Israel represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 10 2 f2sy figs-activepassive 0 for the nations are dismayed by these Here “the nations” refer to the people who live in them. This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “for the people of the nations are afraid of the strange things they see in the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 10 3 d8ux 0 General Information: Yahweh has just reminded them not to learn the ways of the nations nor be worried by things that happen in the sky.
JER 10 3 t24u 0 craftsman a man skilled in his work
JER 10 5 xhf6 figs-simile 0 What they make with their hands is like scarecrows A scarecrow is a man-like figure made to scare birds and prevent them from eating the crops. Here Yahweh compares the idols to scarecrows because they are not capable of doing anything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 10 5 y84p 0 cucumber a vegetable that is usually long, with green skin and white flesh that contains much water
JER 10 5 s7ty figs-activepassive 0 they have to be carried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people have to carry them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 10 6 n439 figs-metonymy 0 your name is great in power Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to himself and his reputation. Alternate translation: “you are very powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 10 7 c4dh figs-rquestion 0 Who does not fear you, king of the nations? Jeremiah asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that everyone should fear Yahweh. Here he refers to Yahweh as “king of the nations.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Everyone should fear you, king of the nations.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 10 8 p37g figs-doublet 0 They are all the same, they are brutish and stupid, disciples The words “brutish” and “stupid” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how foolish the people are for worshiping idols. Alternate translation: “They are all very stupid, they are disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 10 9 zr2p figs-activepassive 0 gold from Uphaz made by artificers, the hands of refiners If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Also, the refiners are represented here by their “hands” because they do their work with their hands. Alternate translation: “gold from Uphaz that skilled craftsmen and refiners have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 10 10 mm4u figs-personification 0 The earth quakes at his anger This speaks of the earth shaking as an emotional response to Yahweh’s anger, when actually Yahweh causes the earth to quake. Alternate translation: “The earth quakes when he is angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 10 11 bq56 0 You will speak to them like this The word “you” refers to the Israelites and the word “them” refers to the people of the other nations.
JER 10 11 csc7 figs-metaphor 0 will perish from the earth This speaks of the idols disappearing and losing their significance as if they were dying. This emphasizes their lack of power. Alternate translation: “will disappear from the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 10 12 sjc2 figs-metaphor 0 stretched out the heavens This speaks of Yahweh creating the sky as if it were a large sheet that he stretched out. Alternate translation: “created the heavens” or “created the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 10 13 hlz6 figs-metonymy 0 His voice makes the roar of waters in the heavens Here Yahweh is represented by his “voice” to emphasize his speech. The phrase “the roar of waters” refers to loud storms. Alternate translation: “His voice causes the storms in the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 10 13 b87n figs-explicit 0 he brings up the mists from the ends of the earth This means that he causes the mists to evaporate and form clouds. The phrase “the ends of the earth” refers to all of the earth. Alternate translation: “he causes clouds to form over every part of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 10 13 y78p figs-metaphor 0 sends out wind from his storehouse This speaks of Yahweh causing the wind to blow as if the wind were kept in a storehouse and brought out when he desires. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 10 13 h3h9 0 storehouse a building where things are kept
JER 10 14 up7n figs-activepassive 0 Every metalworker is put to shame by his idols If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Every metalworker’s idols put him to shame” or “As for every metalworker, his idols shame him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 10 15 l8cb figs-personification 0 they will perish at the time of their punishment This speaks of the final destruction of the idols. Alternate translation: “there will be a time when God will destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 10 16 gc2y figs-metonymy 0 the portion of Jacob Here “Jacob” represents the people of Israel. God being their “portion” is an idiom that means that they worship him. Alternate translation: “the portion of Israel” or “whom the people of Israel worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 10 16 p7kl figs-metaphor 0 Israel is the tribe of his inheritance This speaks of Israel belonging to Yahweh as if it were something that Yahweh gained through inheritance. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Israel belongs to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 10 17 hm4j 0 Gather your bundle Alternate translation: “Gather your belongings”
JER 10 17 g8r9 0 who have been living under the siege Alternate translation: “whose city has been surrounded by your enemies’ army” or “who have been living in your city while an enemy army surrounds it”
JER 10 18 h5w8 figs-idiom 0 See Yahweh uses this word here to draw the peoples’ attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 10 18 yy6k figs-metaphor 0 I am about to throw the inhabitants of the land out this time Here Yahweh speaks of causing the people to leave the land as if they were objects that he were throwing out of a container. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people living in the land to leave that land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 10 19 wud3 figs-synecdoche 0 General Information: Jeremiah is speaking as if he were the whole tribe of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 10 19 k8py figs-metaphor 0 Woe to me! Because of my broken bones, my wound is infected Jeremiah speaks of the peoples’ distress as if they were physically wounded by broken bones and infection. Alternate translation: “Woe to us! It is as though we have broken bones and an infected wound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 10 19 m4ix figs-synecdoche 0 but I must bear it Here Jeremiah represents the whole tribe of Israel. Alternate translation: “but we must bear it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 10 20 g663 figs-metaphor 0 My tent is devastated, and all of my tent cords are cut in two Here Jeremiah speaks of the enemy having destroyed their city as if their tent had been destroyed. Alternate translation: “It is as though our great tent is destroyed; the ropes that held it up have been cut” or “The enemy has completely destroyed our city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 10 20 l9vb figs-activepassive 0 My tent is devastated If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “My enemy has devastated my tent” or “Our enemy has destroyed our tent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 10 20 plf2 figs-synecdoche 0 They have taken my children away from me Here Jeremiah represents the whole tribe of Israel. Alternate translation: “Our enemies have taken our children away from us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 10 20 tc5f figs-metaphor 0 so they no longer exist The children no longer existing is a metaphor for the parents never seeing them again. Alternate translation: “and it is like they no longer exist” or “and they will never return again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 10 20 n6v1 figs-metaphor 0 There is no longer anyone to spread out my tent or to raise up my tent curtains Here Jeremiah speaks of them not having descendants to rebuild their city as if their city were a tent that needs to be rebuilt. Alternate translation: “There is no one to rebuild our city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 10 21 x7r1 figs-metaphor 0 For the shepherds are stupid … all their flock has been scattered Here the leaders of Israel are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were flocks of sheep. Alternate translation: “For the shepherds of our people are stupid … all the people of their flock have been scattered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 10 21 zmx4 figs-activepassive 0 all their flock has been scattered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and their enemies have scattered all their flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 10 22 r6v8 figs-metaphor 0 See! It is coming, a great earthquake is coming Here the marching enemy armies are spoken of as if they were an earthquake. The word “See!” is used here as an idiom to draw the listener’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Look! The enemy army is coming, they sound like a great earthquake as they are marching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 10 23 iqa8 figs-parallelism 0 that the way of a man does not come from himself. No person walking directs his own steps These two phrases mean the same thing. This means that no one has control over the various things that will happen to him during his life. Alternate translation: “that no person controls what will happen to him; no one is able to direct the events that he will experience” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 10 25 kfn6 figs-metaphor 0 Pour your fury on the nations Here “the nations” refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “In your fury, punish the nations” or “In your anger, punish the nations of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 10 25 pi1m figs-idiom 0 that do not call on your name This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that do not worship you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 10 25 b1zn figs-parallelism 0 For they have devoured Jacob and consumed him so as to completely destroy him These three phrases have the same meaning. Jeremiah repeats this idea three times to emphasize the utter destruction of Israel. This speaks of the enemy armies attacking the people of Israel as if the armies were a fierce animal attacking and devouring its prey. Alternate translation: “For they have fiercely attacked the people of Israel and consumed them so as to completely destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 11 intro tg7m 0 # Jeremiah 11 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 11:15-17, 20.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The covenant<br><br>The covenant Yahweh made with Moses is prominent in this chapter. Because the people disobeyed this covenant, God will not help them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
JER 11 1 l9ym figs-idiom 0 The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said,” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 11 3 d8vl figs-activepassive 0 Cursed is anyone If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will curse anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 11 4 gi9b figs-metaphor 0 from the land of Egypt, from the furnace for smelting iron This speaks of the horrible circumstances and oppression the Israelites were living in Egypt by comparing them to a smelting furnace. Alternate translation: “of Egypt. What happened to them in Egypt was terrible; it was as though they were living in a hot furnace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 11 4 fni7 figs-metonymy 0 Listen to my voice The word “voice” here is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and “listen” is a metonym for “obey.” Alternate translation: “Obey what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 11 5 dhd3 figs-metaphor 0 the land flowing with milk and honey “the land where milk and honey flow.” God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: “the land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 11 7 k1gz figs-metonymy 0 Listen to my voice The word “voice” here is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and “listen” is a metonym for “obey.” Alternate translation: “Obey what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 11 8 uvr6 figs-idiom 0 Each person has been walking in the stubbornness of his wicked heart. Here “walking” is an idiom for the way a person lives. The word “heart” is a metonym for a person’s desires and emotions. Alternate translation: “Each person has refused to change and has been living by his own wicked desires” or “Each person has refused to change and continues to do the evil things that they want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 11 8 dla5 0 So I brought all the curses in this covenant that I commanded to come against them Alternate translation: “So I punished them with all the curses that I described in this covenant that I had commanded them to obey”
JER 11 9 n1vg figs-activepassive 0 A conspiracy has been discovered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “There is a conspiracy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 11 10 g2wu figs-activepassive 0 They have turned to the iniquities of their earliest ancestors The phrase “turned to” is an idiom that means to start doing something. Alternate translation: “They have returned to committing the same iniquities as their earliest ancestors committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 11 10 x1cg figs-metonymy 0 The house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “The kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 11 10 u4q4 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 11 11 sr2g 0 See This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 11 12 cy8r figs-metonymy 0 The cities of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem Here the “cities of Judah” represents the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “The people who live in the cities of Judah and in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 11 12 kpf4 figs-activepassive 0 but they will certainly not be saved by them If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but their gods will certainly not save them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 11 15 r1nl figs-rquestion 0 Why is my beloved one, the one who has had so many wicked intentions, in my house? Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the people Judah no longer have a right to be in his temple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “My beloved one, the one who has had so many wicked intentions, should not be in my house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 11 15 r9hb figs-metaphor 0 is my beloved one, the one who has had The people of Judah are spoken of as if they were a single woman greatly beloved. Alternate translation: “are the people whom I love, those who have had” or “are the people of Judah whom I love, who have had” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 11 16 ia9c figs-metaphor 0 In the past Yahweh called you a leafy olive tree In the Old Testament people were often compared to trees or plants. Those who were prosperous and healthy were spoken of as leafy, fruitful tree. Alternate translation: “In the past Yahweh said that you were like a leafy olive tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 11 16 q1zk figs-metaphor 0 will light a fire on it This expression continues the metaphor of the tree. The fire stands for the destruction of the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 11 16 jn51 figs-simile 0 that will sound like the roar of a storm This compares the sound of the raging fire to the sound of a severe storm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 11 16 bt3s figs-activepassive 0 its branches will be broken If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it will break off your branches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 11 17 u8fc figs-metaphor 0 the one who planted you This speaks of Yahweh placing the people of Israel and Judah in the places where they live as if they were a tree that Yahweh had planted. Alternate translation: “who planted you like a farmer plants a tree” or “the one who placed you to live in the land of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 11 17 cs7v figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 11 17 p53z figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 11 18 aeu2 0 Yahweh made me know these things, so I know them “You have revealed things to me and so I know them.” The refers to Yahweh revealing to Jeremiah that his enemies were planning to kill him.
JER 11 18 nd6g figs-metaphor 0 made me see their deeds The refers to Yahweh revealing to Jeremiah that his enemies were planning to kill him. This is spoken of here as if Jeremiah has already see their actions. Alternate translation: “have revealed to me their evil plans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 11 19 s72l figs-metaphor 0 I was like a gentle lamb being led to a butcher This speaks of Jeremiah being unaware of his enemies’ plans to kill him by comparing him to a lamb who is being led to be slaughtered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 11 19 msn1 figs-activepassive 0 being led to a butcher If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that my enemies were leading to a butcher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 11 19 jta1 figs-metaphor 0 Let us destroy the tree with its fruit Here Jeremiah’s enemies speak of killing him as if he were a fruit tree that they were planning to destroy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 11 19 brr9 figs-idiom 0 Let us cut him off from the land of the living The phrase “cut him off” means to destroy him. Also, “the living” refers to living people. Alternate translation: “Let us kill him so he is no longer in the land of those who are alive” or “Let us destroy him so that he is no longer among the world of living people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 11 19 cr3r figs-activepassive 0 his name will be no longer remembered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will no longer remember his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 11 20 xa3x figs-metonymy 0 the heart and the mind The heart is a metonym for what a person feels and desires and “the mind” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides. Alternate translation: “a person’s feelings and thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 11 20 u147 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will witness your vengeance The word “vengeance” here can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “I will watch you take revenge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 11 21 jh6a figs-metaphor 0 seeking your life This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. Alternate translation: “wanting to kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 11 21 m8v8 0 They say “They say to me.” The men are speaking to Jeremiah.
JER 11 21 g4k7 figs-synecdoche 0 you will die by our hand Here the men refer to their “hand” to emphasize that they plan to kill him themselves. Alternate translation: “we ourselves will kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 11 22 d5xb 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 11 22 hgu8 figs-metonymy 0 will die by the sword Here the “sword” represents battle. Alternate translation: “will die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 11 23 k7a8 figs-activepassive 0 None of them will be left If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will leave none of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 11 23 wlv1 figs-idiom 0 a year of their punishment The word “year” here is a idiom that describes a specific period of time that Yahweh decides. Alternate translation: “in the time of their punishment” or “for the time of their punishment is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 12 intro mtm9 0 # Jeremiah 12 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 12:1-13.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jeremiah complains that evil men prosper<br><br>Jeremiah complains that evil men prosper. He questions Yahweh’s justice. Yahweh’s response: if Jeremiah is upset by the people of Anathoth, how will he face enemies in Jerusalem? (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>### Yahweh’s grace to the other nations<br><br>Yahweh gives a gracious offer to the Gentile nations. If the other nations who have been against Judah leave their idols and worship God, then God will allow them to return to their lands. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]])
JER 12 1 v383 figs-nominaladj 0 the wicked This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER 12 2 xd5m figs-metaphor 0 You planted them and they took root. They continue to produce fruit Here Jeremiah speaks of the wicked as if they were fruit trees. Alternate translation: “They are like fruit trees that you planted, that you allow to prosper and to produce lots of fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 12 2 bj22 figs-metonymy 0 You are near to them in their mouths, but far away from their hearts Here “mouths” represents what a person says. And, “hearts” represents what a person thinks or feels. Also, being loyal is spoken of as if it were being near a person, and being disloyal is spoken of as if it were being far away from a person. Alternate translation: “They always say good things about you, but they do not love or respect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 12 3 kt44 figs-metonymy 0 my heart Here the “heart” represents a person’s thoughts and true feelings. Alternate translation: “my thoughts” or “my inner feelings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 12 3 p1lp figs-metaphor 0 Take them away like sheep to the slaughter Here Jeremiah asks Yahweh to prepare to punish the wicked as if they were sheep to be taken away to be slaughtered. Alternate translation: “Take the wicked people away, like sheep for slaughter” or “Prepare to punish those wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 12 4 gvz5 0 How long will the land go on drying up … because of the wickedness of its inhabitants? Their land is dry and rain has not come as punishment for the peoples’ wickedness.
JER 12 4 lm57 figs-activepassive 0 The animals and the birds have been taken away If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The animals and the birds are gone” or “The animals and the birds have all died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 12 4 a1hp 0 God will not see what happens to us This could mean: (1) The people are saying that God does not know what things will happen to them in their future or (2) God is unaware of their sin. Alternate translation: “God does not see the sinful things that we do”
JER 12 5 hax2 figs-rquestion 0 how can you compete against horses? This rhetorical question implies that he would not be able to run with horses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will never compete well against horses.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 12 5 e5b2 figs-ellipsis 0 If you fall down This refers to while the person is running. Alternate translation: “If you fall down while running” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 12 5 km32 0 the safe countryside This refers to the open countryside, where it is easy to travel quickly, in contrast to the overgrown thickets along the Jordan River, where it is difficult to move.
JER 12 5 rki9 figs-rquestion 0 how will you do in the thickets along the Jordan? This rhetorical question implies that he would not be able to run through the thickets along the Jordan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will surely not be able to run in the thickets along the Jordan.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 12 5 c56k 0 thickets many bushes or small trees growing close together
JER 12 6 g1pt 0 denounced to have accused someone publicly
JER 12 7 js9l figs-parallelism 0 I have abandoned my house; I have forsaken my inheritance. I have given my beloved into the hands of her enemies. These three sentences have similar meanings. The first and second one strengthens the thought in the third. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 12 7 v9at figs-metaphor 0 I have abandoned my house; I have forsaken my inheritance The two phrases are metaphors in which Yahweh speaks of his people as if they were his “house” and his “inheritance.” Alternate translation: “I have abandoned my Israelite people, the people whom I chose to belong to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 12 7 v6xh figs-metonymy 0 into the hands of her enemies Here the word “hands” represents control. Alternate translation: “to be conquered by her enemies” or “over to the control of her enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 12 7 ra61 figs-personification 0 of her Here Yahweh refers to his people as a female by using a feminine pronoun. Alternate translation: “of their” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 12 8 n59e 0 she sets herself against me with her own voice This continues to speaks of Yahweh’s people as a lion. This speaks of the people showing they are against him as if they were roaring at him. Alternate translation: “it is like she roars at me to defy me”
JER 12 8 ik2q figs-personification 0 she sets herself … with her … hate her Here Yahweh refers to his people as a female by using feminine pronouns. Alternate translation: “they set themselves … with their … hate them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 12 9 m995 figs-rquestion 0 Has not my prized possession become a speckled bird, that other birds of prey go against her all around? Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that his people are surrounded by their enemies. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “My prized possession has become a speckled bird and other birds of prey go against her all around.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 12 9 j8nr figs-explicit 0 Has not my prized possession Here Yahweh speaks of his people as his “prized possession.” Alternate translation: “Have not my people, who are my prized possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 12 9 rn3n figs-metaphor 0 become a speckled bird, that other birds of prey go against her all around Here Yahweh speaks of his people being in danger and surrounded by their enemies as if they were a speckled bird surrounded by birds of prey. Alternate translation: “become like a speckled bird, and her enemies are like birds of prey attacking her on all sides” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 12 9 q57h 0 a speckled bird “a strange looking bird.” This refers to a bird that was often picked on and eaten by other birds.
JER 12 9 idp1 figs-apostrophe 0 Go and gather all the wild beasts and bring them to devour her Yahweh speaks here in the form of a command to strengthen what he says. This command is not directed to a specific person and may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Let all the wild beasts in the fields come and eat her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER 12 10 jl5k figs-metaphor 0 Many shepherds have destroyed my vineyard Here Yahweh speaks of his land and his people being destroyed by armies as if they were a vineyard that shepherds had destroyed. Alternate translation: “My people and my land are like a vineyard that many shepherds have destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 12 10 nw8j figs-metonymy 0 Many shepherds have destroyed Here the word “shepherds” refers to their sheep. Alternate translation: “Many shepherds have allowed their sheep to destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 12 11 ry1p figs-activepassive 0 All the land has been made desolate If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “All the land is desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 12 11 z4k3 figs-idiom 0 takes it to heart This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cares” or “pays any attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 12 12 s2mb figs-metaphor 0 for Yahweh’s sword is devouring Here Yahweh speaks of the armies that he is using to punish his people as being his “sword.” His”sword” is described here as if it were a large animal that attacked and devoured the people. Alternate translation: “for the armies are my sword that I am using to punish you” or “for I am sending the destroying armies to attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 12 13 du4i 0 They have sown wheat but harvest thornbushes Alternate translation: “They have sown wheat, but there is nothing to harvest but thornbushes”
JER 12 13 k4yk 0 They have Alternate translation: “My people have”
JER 12 13 fby2 0 So be ashamed of your gain because of Yahweh’s anger “So be ashamed of your tiny harvest because Yahweh is angry with you.” Here the word “gain” does not mean a large amount of something, but refers to a small amount.
JER 12 14 e4jf 0 See This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 12 14 b371 figs-metaphor 0 to uproot them from their own ground God speaks of forcing the people to leave their land as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. See how you translated this concept in [Jeremiah 1:10](../01/10.md). Alternate translation: “to make them leave their own land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 12 14 sv7x figs-metaphor 0 I will pull up the house of Judah from among them Here Yahweh speaks of causing the people of Judah to leave the lands of the other nations as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. Alternate translation: “I will cause the house of Judah to leave their lands as well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 12 14 t297 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 12 15 i4tb figs-metaphor 0 I uproot those nations God speaks of forcing the people to leave their land as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. Alternate translation: “I make those nations leave their lands and move to different places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 12 16 f6ti 0 General Information: God’s word about Judah’s neighbors.
JER 12 16 j3ji figs-idiom 0 As Yahweh lives “As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Swearing in Yahweh’s name instead of in Baal’s name indicates that they worship Yahweh instead of Baal. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 12 16 uph7 figs-metaphor 0 they will be built up in the midst of my people This speaks of the people becoming prosperous as if they were a building that was being built. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will build them up in the midst of my people” or “I will make them wealthy and they will live among my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 12 17 w4yd figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 13 intro ky38 0 # Jeremiah 13 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 13:15-27.<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Symbolism<br><br>The action of hiding the undergarment was intended to be a symbolic event. It was supposed to get the Jews’ attention and be a lesson for them to learn. Jeremiah performed the action, but it was not the action itself that was important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 13 3 z13h figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to me a second time, saying, The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message a second time. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this second message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 13 8 wf3x figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 13 9 a1zp figs-metonymy 0 of Judah and Jerusalem Here Judah and Jerusalem refer to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “of the people of Judah and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 13 10 rn4k figs-idiom 0 who walk in the hardness of their heart This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “who are stubborn and only do the things they desire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 13 11 uak7 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 13 11 h7ch figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 13 11 b9j5 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 13 12 sbk9 figs-activepassive 0 Every jar will be filled with wine … every jar will be filled with wine If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Every wineskin should be full of wine … every wineskin should be full of wine” or “Every wine jar should be full of wine … every wine jar should be full of wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 13 13 bv6t 0 See This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 13 13 e418 figs-metonymy 0 the kings who sit on David’s throne Here the throne that the king of Judah sits on is represented as “David’s throne.” Alternate translation: “the kings who sit on Judah’s throne” or “the kings of the nation of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 13 14 e1iz figs-gendernotations 0 smash each man against the other, fathers and children together Here the words “each man” refer to both men and women. Alternate translation: “Then I will cause the people to fight with each other, even parents and children will fight one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
JER 13 14 g1jc figs-ellipsis 0 fathers and children together The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “I will smash fathers and children together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 13 14 kq6a figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 13 16 wwm1 0 he brings darkness Here trouble and despair are spoken of as if they were “darkness.” Alternate translation: “he brings trouble and despair” or “he cause great troubles to come”
JER 13 16 f21v figs-synecdoche 0 before he causes your feet to stumble Here a person is referred to by his “feet” to emphasize that he is walking. Alternate translation: “before he causes you to trip and fall as you walk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 13 16 lg6k figs-metaphor 0 For you are hoping for light, but he will turn the place into a deep darkness, into a dark cloud This speaks of goodness and blessings as “light” and of trouble and despair as “darkness.” Alternate translation: “For you were hoping for light and blessings, but Yahweh will give you darkness and great despair--you will feel like you are surrounded by a dark cloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 13 17 k2pj figs-activepassive 0 for Yahweh’s flock has been taken captive If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for enemies have captured Yahweh’s flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 13 17 j4z9 figs-metaphor 0 for Yahweh’s flock has been taken captive Here Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh’s people as Yahweh’s “flock” because he cares for them like a shepherd cares for his sheep. This event has not happened yet, but it is written here as if it already has. This can be written in future tense. Alternate translation: “for you who are Yahweh’s flock, your enemies will soon capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JER 13 18 f5bj 0 General Information: Yahweh is continuing to talk to Jeremiah. He is telling Jeremiah what to say to the king of Judah and the king’s mother.
JER 13 18 i8em translate-symaction 0 for your splendid crowns have fallen from your heads A king and queen mother wear crowns to represent their royal positions as the king and queen mother. Also, this event has not happened yet, but it is written here as if it already has. This can be written in future tense. Alternate translation: “for you will no longer be the king and queen mother, for your crowns, your pride and glory, will fall off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JER 13 19 jw8r figs-explicit 0 The cities in the Negev will be shut up, with no one to open them This means that the cities will be surrounded by their enemies, who will not allow anyone to go in or come out of the cities. Alternate translation: “The cities in the Negev will be shut up, and no one will be able to go into them or come out of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 13 19 r9z3 figs-activepassive 0 The cities in the Negev will be shut up If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will shut the cities in the Negev up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 13 19 hr6g figs-metonymy 0 All Judah will be taken captive, completely taken captive Here “Judah” represents the people who live there. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemies will take all of the people of Judah captive into exile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 13 20 s5yj figs-idiom 0 Lift up your eyes and look at the ones coming from the north Here the word “look” is an idiom that means to pay attention and be aware of what is happening. Also, “Lift up your eyes” represents looking at something. Alternate translation: “Pay attention and be aware of the ones coming from the north” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 13 20 ve51 figs-explicit 0 the ones coming from the north This refers an enemy army that will come from the north. Alternate translation: “the enemy army coming from the north” or “the enemy army marching from the north” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 13 20 iny8 figs-rquestion 0 Where is the flock he gave to you, the flock that was so beautiful to you? This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that the people of Judah will be captured by the enemy armies. This question is asked as if the people of Judah had already been captured even though this has not yet happened. The question can be written as a statement and in future tense. Alternate translation: “I gave you the people of Judah to care for, like a beautiful flock of sheep, but the enemy army will capture them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JER 13 20 e5mm figs-metaphor 0 the flock This speaks of the people of Judah as a “flock” of sheep to emphasize that the leaders of Judah were supposed to care for them and look after them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 13 21 t9l3 figs-rquestion 0 What will you say when God sets over you those you had trained to be your special allies? This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that the people who Judah’s leaders thought they were at peace with will conquer them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “The people you thought were your friends will conquer you and rule over you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 13 21 br9q figs-rquestion 0 Are these not the beginnings of the labor pains that will seize you just like a woman in childbirth? Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to tell the people that their capture is just the beginning of the suffering they will go through. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “These things that you will suffer are like the beginning of the labor pains of a woman in childbirth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 13 22 i8we figs-euphemism 0 that your skirts are raised up and you have been violated This means that the enemy soldiers will rape the Judean women. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the enemy soldiers will lift up the skirts of your women and rape them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 13 23 wyf8 figs-rquestion 0 Can the people of Cush change their skin color, or a leopard change its spots? This rhetorical question is used to state an example of something that is impossible. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Also, the understood verb “can” maybe be supplied in the second phrase. Alternate translation: “The people of Cush cannot change their skin color and a leopard cannot change its spots.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 13 23 m8ie figs-irony 0 If so, then you yourself, although accustomed to wickedness, would be able to do good This statement is ironic because the examples about the Cushite and the leopard are impossible situations. This states that if those impossible things could happen then they could do good. Alternate translation: “Just like these things are impossible, so it is also impossible for you who always do evil to do good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER 13 24 rw5p figs-simile 0 I will scatter them like chaff that perishes in the desert wind “I will scatter them like chaff that is blown away by the wind.” Yahweh is saying He will scatter His people throughout the world just as chaff is scattered by the wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 13 26 pid5 figs-metaphor 0 I myself will strip your skirts off you, and your private parts will be seen. This means that Yahweh will make them feel ashamed. It does not in any way mean that he will rape them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It is as though I myself will strip your skirts off of you so that everyone will see your private parts and you will be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 13 27 r896 figs-metaphor 0 neighing This is the sound of a male horse desiring a female horse. Alternate translation: “lusting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 14 intro pqn1 0 # Jeremiah 14 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:1-10, 17-22.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### False prophets<br><br>The false prophets promised there would not be any war or drought. They gave people a false sense of hope, when they needed to repent. Because of this, Yahweh sent a drought and said that the false prophets would die of drought and war. This showed that these were not true prophets of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
JER 14 1 c8lt figs-idiom 0 This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 14 2 cn9g figs-metonymy 0 Let Judah mourn Here “Judah” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “Let the people of Judah mourn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 14 2 zct6 figs-synecdoche 0 let her gates fall apart Here the word “gates,” which keep enemies out of cities and where people conduct business and government, is a synecdoche for Judah’s cities, and Judah’s cities are a metonym for the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “let her cities fall apart” or “let the people in her cities become unable to defend themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 14 2 qu68 figs-idiom 0 their cries for Jerusalem are going up The phrase “going up” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “They are calling out loudly in prayer for Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 14 3 z6ul figs-doublet 0 ashamed and dishonored Both of these words have similar meaning and together emphasize that the servants were ashamed that they were unable to get water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 14 3 drx3 translate-symaction 0 they cover their heads In biblical times, people would wear a headcovering to show that they were ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 14 4 l4rv 0 General Information: Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has continued to tell the people about the drought.
JER 14 4 je8k translate-symaction 0 The plowmen are ashamed and cover their heads In biblical times, people would wear a headcovering to show that they were ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 14 5 yca3 figs-parallelism 0 the doe leaves her young in the fields and abandons them These two phrase have the same meaning and emphasize that the doe leaves her young deer because she cannot provide for them. A doe is a female deer. Alternate translation: “the deer leaves her young in the field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 14 5 q5hd figs-explicit 0 for there is no grass This means that there is no grass for the deer to eat. Alternate translation: “for there is no grass for them to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 14 6 rv34 figs-simile 0 they pant in the wind like jackals This speaks of the donkeys panting because they are thirsty by saying that they pant like jackals. Jackals are fiece wild dog which pant a lot. Alternate translation: “they pant in the wind like thirsty jackals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 14 7 a7md figs-personification 0 our iniquities testify against us Here their “iniquities” are spoken of as if they were people who testified against them about their wrong doing. Alternate translation: “our iniquities give evidence of our wrongdoing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 14 7 hdk6 figs-metonymy 0 for the sake of your name Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to his reputation. Alternate translation: “for the sake of your reputation” or “in order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 14 8 t2bf figs-explicit 0 Hope of Israel This is another name for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “You are the hope of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 14 8 pi7p figs-parallelism 0 why will you be like a stranger in the land, like a foreign wanderer who stretches out and spends just one night? The people are asking if Yahweh is unconcerned with his people and unable to help them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you should not be like a stranger in the land, like a foreign wanderer who stretches out and spends just one night.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 14 8 m5rq figs-simile 0 why will you be like a stranger in the land, like a foreign wanderer … just one night This question speaks of the possibility of Yahweh being unconcerned with helping his people as if he were a stranger just travelling though a place unconcerned with those living there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 14 9 i24n figs-simile 0 Why are you like someone who is astounded, or like a warrior who has no power to rescue? This speaks of the possibility of Yahweh being unable to help his people as if he were a confused warrior who was unable to rescue anyone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do nothing to help us, like someone who is astounded or like a warrior who has no power to rescue us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 14 9 s46u figs-activepassive 0 your name is called over us If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This speaks of the people being Yahweh’s people by saying that his name is over them. Alternate translation: “we bear your name” or “we are your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 14 10 u7uz figs-metaphor 0 they love to wander “they love to wander away from me.” This speaks of people being unfaithful to Yahweh and not obey him as if they had wandered from the place where he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 14 10 x599 figs-synecdoche 0 have not held back their feet Here the people are referred to by their “feet” to emphasize their walking away from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “have not kept themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 14 10 t4hn figs-idiom 0 calls to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remembers” or “recalls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 14 12 vgw6 figs-euphemism 0 I will put an end to them This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER 14 12 c1vk figs-metonymy 0 by sword Here war is represented by the “sword” which was the common weapon used in battle. Alternate translation: “by war” or “by battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 14 13 l6t3 figs-metonymy 0 You will not see the sword Here “sword” represents war, and to “see” represents experiencing. Alternate translation: “You will not experience any war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 14 13 sd1w figs-metaphor 0 I will give you true security Here “security” is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could give to another person. Alternate translation: “I will allow you to live securely” or “I will allow you to live peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 14 14 jsc3 figs-abstractnouns 0 prophesy deceit The word “deceit” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “prophesy deceitfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 14 14 xd4x figs-metonymy 0 in my name This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 14 14 jv6e figs-explicit 0 I did not send them out This means that Yahweh did not send them out with messages to give to the people. Alternate translation: “I did not send them to prophesy to other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 14 14 t2xs figs-metaphor 0 coming from their own minds Here “minds” are spoken of as if they were a place instead of the ability to think of ideas. Alternate translation: “that they think up themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 14 15 kl3i figs-metonymy 0 in my name This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:14](../14/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 14 15 q47z figs-metonymy 0 there will be no sword … perish by sword Here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “there will be no war … perish by war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 14 16 yx8a figs-metonymy 0 famine and sword Here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “famine and war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 14 16 ex5f figs-activepassive 0 Then the people to whom they prophesied will be thrown out in the streets of Jerusalem because of famine and sword If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This means that whole families will die and people will throw their bodies into the streets instead of burying them. Alternate translation: “Then the people to whom they prophesied will die by famine and sword and people will throw their bodies into the streets of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 14 16 vjb4 0 their wives, their sons, or their daughters This describes who is referred to by the word “them,” that is, everyone who died by famine and sword.
JER 14 16 wam5 figs-metaphor 0 I will pour out their wickedness on them Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people in accordance to their wicknedness as if their own wickedness were a liquid that he would pour upon them. Alternate translation: “I will punish them like they deserve to be punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 14 17 m8yd figs-merism 0 night and day Here two opposite times of the day are given to mean all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time, both night and day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER 14 18 kwc2 figs-activepassive 0 who were killed by the sword If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Also, here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “who died by the sword” or “who died in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 14 18 xa86 figs-metonymy 0 there are the diseases that are caused by famine Here the “diseases” represent the people who have these diseases because of their starvation. Alternate translation: “there are the ones who are sick because of famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 14 18 nrq3 figs-explicit 0 they do not know It may be helpful to state what they do not know. Alternate translation: “they do not know what they are doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 14 19 bxi3 figs-ellipsis 0 for a time of healing The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “we hoped for a time of healing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 14 20 z8n3 0 We admit, Yahweh, our offenses, the iniquity of our ancestors Alternate translation: “Yahweh, we admit our wicked offenses and our ancestors’ iniquity”
JER 14 21 ur4i figs-metonymy 0 For the sake of your name Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to his reputation. Alternate translation: “For the sake of your reputation” or “In order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 14 21 h4sh figs-metonymy 0 your glorious throne Yahweh’s “throne” is represented by Zion, that is Jerusalem. His “throne” also represents the place where he rules as king. Alternate translation: “do disgrace Zion where you glorious throne is” or “do not disgrace Zion, where you rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 15 intro ebq4 0 # Jeremiah 15 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:2, 5-21.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Do not pray for the people<br><br>God told Jeremiah not to pray for the people because God was punishing them. This was meant to be an illustration for Jeremiah. Jeremiah was not to pray because the punishment was already determined. Yahweh also explains that even the great Moses could not help the sinful Jews. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Yahweh uses Gentile nations<br>Yahweh is going to use the Gentile nations to punish Judah. This would have been very offensive to the Jews. They would have also been surprised to learn that Yahweh was using the Gentile nations to punish his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 15 1 az7b figs-explicit 0 were standing in front of me, I would still not be in favor of this people This implies that they are pleading for Yahweh to spare the people. Alternate translation: “were standing in front of me pleading for these people, I would still not be in favor of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 15 1 g56c figs-parallelism 0 Send them out from before me, for them to go away Yahweh repeats this idea of sending away his people to add emphasis to it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 15 2 a7na figs-metaphor 0 should go to death This speaks of dying as if death were a place that people can go to. Alternate translation: “should die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 15 2 qrc1 figs-metonymy 0 those who are for the sword should go to the sword Here the “sword” represents war. To be “for the sword” means that God has appointed them to die in war. Alternate translation: “those whom I have appointed to die in war should go to die in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 15 2 s5vx figs-metaphor 0 Those who are for famine should go to famine This means that Yahweh has appointed these to die because of famine, and these words speak of dying by famine as if “famine” were a place that people can go to. Alternate translation: “Those whom I have appointed to die by famine should go and die by famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 15 3 xfn3 0 General Information: Yahweh has just told them he will send some of them to death, some to die by the sword, some to die by famine, and some to be captives.
JER 15 3 b44y figs-metonymy 0 the sword Here the “sword” refers to the enemy soldiers. Alternate translation: “the enemy soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 15 4 etb6 0 I will make of them Here the word “them” refers to the people of Judah, not to the four groups listed in the previous verse.
JER 15 4 g2xb figs-explicit 0 because of what Manasseh … did in Jerusalem Manasseh was a very wicked king who did many evil things in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “because of the wicked things that Manasseh … did in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 15 5 lb4g figs-rquestion 0 For who will have compassion for you, Jerusalem? Who will grieve for you? Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one should mourn for Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one should have compassion on you, Jerusalem. No one should mourn for your destruction.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 15 5 wfj2 figs-metonymy 0 for you, Jerusalem Here “Jerusalem” refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “for you people who live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 15 6 es4m figs-parallelism 0 You have forsaken me … you have gone back from me These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people have, indeed, forsaken Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 15 6 w5w5 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 15 6 ub2d figs-metonymy 0 I will strike you with my hand Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “I will use my power to strike you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 15 7 xa8z figs-metaphor 0 So I will winnow them with a pitchfork at the gates of the land Here Yahweh speaks of scattering the people and causing them to leave Jersalem as if they were winnowed chaff being blown away on the wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 15 7 i5zm 0 pitchfork a farm tool with a long handle and sharp metal prongs, used especially for lifting and tossing grain in the air for winnowing
JER 15 8 lzr4 0 General Information: Yahweh has just told them no one will care about them and that he will destroy his people since they would not turn from their wicked ways.
JER 15 8 pg9y 0 widows women whose husbands have died
JER 15 8 zf6z figs-hyperbole 0 more than the sands of the seashore “than the grains of sand on the seashore.” This comparison is an exaggeration used to emphasize an uncountable number. Alternate translation: “more than you can count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 15 8 xv7a figs-explicit 0 Against the mothers of young men I will send the destroyer at noonday This means that Yahweh will send an enemy army to kill young men, which will cause their mothers great sorrow. Alternate translation: “At noonday I will send an enemy army to destroy young men and cause their mothers to weep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 15 8 rv53 figs-idiom 0 fall on them This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “happen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 15 9 ab1l figs-doublet 0 She will be ashamed and embarrassed The words “ashamed” and “embarrassed” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of shame. Alternate translation: “She will be completely ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 15 9 ysv5 figs-idiom 0 will waste away This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will grow faint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 15 9 syp4 figs-metaphor 0 Her sun will set while it is still day This speaks of a woman becoming sorrowful because her children have died, as if her life were a day in which the sun had set early and turned to darkness. Here the darkness represents her sorrow. Alternate translation: “Because of her sorrow, it will be as though the sun has set and her day has turned to darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 15 9 e2fw figs-metonymy 0 I will give those who remain to the sword in the presence of their enemies Here the “sword” represents the enemy soldiers. This means that Yahweh will allow the enemy solider to kill any of her children that remain. Alternate translation: “I will allow the enemy soldiers to kill those of her children that remain alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 15 9 yh62 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 15 10 tf3x 0 General Information: In these verse, Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh about his suffering, and Yahweh answers him.
JER 15 10 bwu4 figs-apostrophe 0 Woe to me, my mother Jeremiah pretends to speak to his mother as a way to emphasize how sad he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER 15 10 z3f7 figs-doublet 0 a man of controversy and argument The words “controversy” and “argument” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize how much Jeremiah is arguing. Alternate translation: “a man with whom everyone argues all the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 15 10 pi56 figs-explicit 0 I have not lent, nor has anyone lent to me This refers to lending money to people. Often lending money causes people to fight with one another. Alternate translation: “I have not lent money to anyone, nor has anyone lent money to me” or “I have not made anyone angry by lending or borrow money and then quarreling about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 15 11 jwd5 figs-rquestion 0 Will I not rescue you for good? The implicit answer to this rhetorical question is “yes.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will certainly rescue you for good!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 15 11 t2nb figs-doublet 0 in the time of calamity and distress Here the words “calamity” and “distress” mean basically the same thing. They emphasize the amount or intensity of the calamity. Alternate translation: “in the time of great calamity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 15 12 gp33 figs-rquestion 0 Can one smash iron? Especially iron from the north that is mixed with bronze? In these questions Yahweh speaks of the strength of Judah’s enemies as if they were iron mixed with bronze. These rhetorical questions can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can smash iron, especially if it is as strong as the iron from the north that is mixed with bronze.” or “But Judah’s enemies, who are as strong as iron or bronze, will attack Judah from the north, no one will be able to stop them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 15 13 r9fq figs-doublet 0 wealth and treasures The words “wealth” and “treasures” mean the same thing and refer to anything that people consider to be valuable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 15 13 c2bt figs-activepassive 0 all your sins committed This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “all of the sins you have committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 15 14 p77q figs-metaphor 0 for a fire will ignite, kindled in my wrath against you The wrath of God is spoken of as if it were a destructive fire. Alternate translation: “I will destroy you because I am very angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 15 14 y1s1 figs-metaphor 0 for a fire will ignite, kindled in my wrath against you Here Yahweh speaks of his wrath as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: “for my wrath is like a fire that I will kindle against you” or “for I will come against you in my wrath, and my wrath will be like a burning fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 15 15 lk6p figs-explicit 0 You are patient, but do not allow them to take me away Jeremiah is asking Yahweh not to be patient with the sins of his enemies. The phrase “take me away” refers to him being killed. Alternate translation: “Please do not continue to be patient with them and allow them to kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER 15 16 ds55 figs-activepassive 0 Your words have been found If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have heard your message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 15 16 a55i figs-metaphor 0 I consumed them Jeremiah speaks of listening and understanding Yahweh’s message as if it were food that he ate. Alternate translation: “I understood your message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 15 16 f4hq figs-metonymy 0 the delight of my heart Here the “heart” represents a person emotions and feelings. Alternate translation: “what I love most” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 15 17 xx62 figs-idiom 0 I did not sit in the circle of This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I did not spend time with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 15 17 lst3 figs-metaphor 0 of your powerful hand Here Yahweh’s “powerful hand” refers to his control and influence over Jeremiah. Alternate translation: “you powerfully influence me” or “you are the one who controls what I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 15 18 xb1d figs-rquestion 0 Why is my pain ongoing and my wound incurable, refusing to be healed? Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to emphasize his pain. He speaks of his pain as if it were a physical wound. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “My pain is ongoing, it is like a wound that will not heal.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 15 18 f64w figs-personification 0 refusing to be healed This speaks of Jeremiah’s wound as if it were a person that refuses to be healed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that will not heal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 15 18 c2kw figs-rquestion 0 Will you be like deceitful waters to me, waters that dry up? Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he feels like he cannot depend on Yahweh. He speaks of this as if Yahweh were a stream that dries up. Alternate translation: “It feels like you are undependable to me, like a stream I go to for a drink only to find it dried up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 15 19 l1n1 figs-simile 0 you will be like my mouth Jeremiah is compared to the mouth of Yahweh because he will be used to speak Yahweh’s message. Alternate translation: “you will speak for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 15 19 ud46 figs-rpronouns 0 you yourself The pronoun, “yourself”, is used here to emphasis the command was specifically for Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER 15 20 gf1p figs-simile 0 like an impenetrable bronze wall to this people Yahweh compares Jeremiah to a wall because the people will not be able to defeat him. Alternate translation: “I will make you strong, like a bronze wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 15 20 nx8l figs-metaphor 0 they will wage war against you This speaks of the people fighting with Jeremiah as if he were an army that they waged war against. Alternate translation: “they will fight against you” or “they will oppose you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 15 20 z1e8 figs-doublet 0 save and rescue The words “save” and “rescue” mean the same thing and emphasize the safety that God promises. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 15 21 bet8 figs-parallelism 0 rescue you from … and redeem you from These phrases have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize the safety that God provides. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 15 21 z99x figs-metonymy 0 the hand of the wicked … the hand of the tyrant Here the word “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the control of the wicked … the control of the tyrant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 15 21 lwc5 figs-nominaladj 0 the wicked This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER 16 intro mts4 0 # Jeremiah 16 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 16:19-21. This poem also continues in chapter 17, and these should be seen as one section.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Coming punishment<br><br>The punishment that is prophesied in this chapter will happen quickly. The author gives many illustrations which describe how quickly this punishment will come. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>### Israel restored<br><br>God will bring his people back from captivity. Even though the punishment of Judah will be great, Yahweh promised a future restoration. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])
JER 16 1 iq2r figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 16 4 nm5s figs-activepassive 0 They will not be mourned or buried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one will mourn for them or bury them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 16 4 paq4 figs-simile 0 They will be like dung on the ground The sons and daughters born in the land are compared to dung on the ground to emphasize that they will be disgusting and that no one will bury them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 8:2](../08/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 16 4 b995 figs-euphemism 0 they will come to an end by sword and famine The phrase “come to an end” is a mild way to say that they will die. The word “sword” represents an army whose soldiers fight with swords. The phrase represents dying in battle. Alternate translation: “they will die in battle or from famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 16 5 irw5 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, ‘Do This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said, ‘Do” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me: ‘Do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 16 5 byl9 figs-abstractnouns 0 where there is mourning The word “mourning” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people are mourning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 16 5 e7zp figs-metaphor 0 I have taken away my peace from this people … and my steadfast love and mercy Yahweh speaks of no longer acting towards the people with peace, steadfast love, and mercy as if these were items that he has taken away from them. Alternate translation: “I will no longer act towards them with peace … or with steadfast love and mercy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 16 5 fg62 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 16 6 ngj4 figs-merism 0 Both the great and the small will This refers to all kinds of people and uses size to refer to how important they are. Alternate translation: “Both the important and the unimportant” or “Many people, regardless of how important they are, will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER 16 6 k2n5 figs-activepassive 0 They will not be buried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one will bury them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 16 6 s8kp translate-symaction 0 no one will … cut themselves or shave their heads for them Cutting oneself and shaving one’s head were symbolic actions that expressed strong grief, especially when a loved one died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 16 7 t3iq figs-parallelism 0 No one must share any food in mourning to comfort them because of the deaths … none must give a comforting cup to his father or his mother These two clauses have a similar meaning. God said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. It was customary to take food or wine to people whose relative had died. Yahweh has removed all comfort from the people because of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 16 7 ae18 figs-metonymy 0 none must give a comforting cup Here the word “cup” represents the drink that the cup holds. Alternate translation: “none must give a comforting drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 16 9 z6t7 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 16 9 fxi9 figs-you 0 before your eyes Here the word “your” is plural and refers to the people of Israel. The idiom means that Yahweh will do this where they can see. Alternate translation: “in front of you” or “where you can see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 16 9 b3s5 figs-idiom 0 in your days This idiom means during their lifetime. Alternate translation: “during your lifetime” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 16 9 lki1 0 the sound of joy and the sound of gladness, the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:34](../07/34.md).
JER 16 11 fq83 figs-parallelism 0 worshiped and bowed down to them The words “bowed down to” mean basically the same thing as “worshiped” and describe the posture that people used in worship. God said essentially the same thing twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 16 12 c169 figs-metaphor 0 walking by the stubbornness of his wicked heart Yahweh speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking along a path. Here the word “heart” represents the mind or will. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 11:8](../11/08.md). Alternate translation: “stubbornly doing the wicked things that he wants to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 16 13 y41b figs-metaphor 0 throw you from this land Yahweh speaks of forcefully removing the people from the land as if he were throwing them from the land. Alternate translation: “force you to leave this land and go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 16 13 e16l figs-merism 0 by day and night The mention of both “day” and “night” means all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “continually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER 16 14 em2d 0 behold The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
JER 16 14 l615 figs-activepassive 0 when it will no longer be said If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when people will no longer say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 16 14 xr81 figs-idiom 0 As Yahweh lives “As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 16 16 mt7v figs-metaphor 0 I will send for many fishermen … so they will fish the people out Yahweh speaks of enemy armies who will attack and kill the people as if they were fishermen who are catching fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 16 16 mx2n figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 16 16 y22w figs-metaphor 0 I will send for many hunters so they will hunt for them among Yahweh speaks of enemy armies who will attack and kill the people as if they were hunters who are hunting animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 16 17 l1xj figs-synecdoche 0 my eye is on all their ways Here the word “eye” represents Yahweh who sees all that they do. Alternate translation: “I am watching everything they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 16 17 c7ju figs-activepassive 0 they cannot be hidden from before me Here the word “they” may refer either to the people or to their actions. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they cannot hide from me” or “they cannot hide their ways from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 16 17 f9r8 figs-synecdoche 0 Their iniquity cannot be concealed from before my eyes Here the word “eyes” represents Yahweh who sees. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They cannot conceal their iniquity from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 16 18 tpe4 figs-metaphor 0 for their polluting of my land Yahweh speaks of causing the land to be unacceptable to him as if the people had polluted the land. The words “their polluting” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because they have polluted my land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 16 18 sq29 figs-idiom 0 for their filling my inheritance with their disgusting idols The idiom “to fill” means that they have placed many idols in the land. The words “their filling” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because they have filled my inheritance with their disgusting idols” or “because their disgusting idols are everywhere in my inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 16 18 wkp2 figs-metaphor 0 my inheritance Yahweh speaks of the land as if it were his inheritance that he has claimed as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “the land that is my inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 16 19 rt34 0 Yahweh, you are my stronghold Here Jeremiah begins speaking to Yahweh.
JER 16 19 y75t figs-metaphor 0 my stronghold and my refuge, my place of safety Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as a place where enemies cannot attack him. He repeats the same idea three times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 16 19 x7cn figs-metonymy 0 The nations will go to you Here the word “nations” represents the people from the nations. Alternate translation: “The people from the nations will go to you” or “The people of the nations will come to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
JER 16 19 nk1x figs-idiom 0 the ends of the earth This is an idiom that means the farthest places on the earth. By referencing both ends, it refers to everywhere in between. Alternate translation: “the farthest places on the earth” or “everywhere on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER 16 19 c5xl figs-metonymy 0 our ancestors inherited deceit Here the word “deceit” refers to false gods. Alternate translation: “our ancestors inherited nothing but false gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 16 19 jrc3 figs-parallelism 0 They are empty; there is no profit in them Here the words “They” and “them” refer to the false gods that the ancestors taught them to believe in. The two phrases mean basically the same thing, with the second explaining how they “are empty.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 16 20 y3fg figs-rquestion 0 Do people make gods for themselves? But they are not gods The people ask this rhetorical question to emphasize that people cannot make gods for themselves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “People cannot make gods for themselves. The things that they make are not gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 16 21 gwn6 0 Therefore see “Therefore, indeed.” Here Yahweh begins speaking. The word “see” adds emphasis to what follows.
JER 16 21 fz8r 0 I will cause them to know Here the word “them” refers to the people from the nations. Yahweh repeats this phrase for emphasis.
JER 16 21 cs55 figs-metonymy 0 my hand and my power Here the word “hand” refers to power and authority. The two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize Yahweh’s great power. Alternate translation: “my great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 16 21 hl7n figs-metonymy 0 they will know that Yahweh is my name Here the word “name” refers to Yahweh’s entire person. Alternate translation: “they will know that I am Yahweh, the true God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 17 intro l48r 0 # Jeremiah 17 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 17:1-18. This poem is a continuation of 16:19-21, and these should be seen as one section.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Trusting God or humans<br><br>Trust is an important part of this chapter. Those who trust in human wisdom will not prosper. Those who trust in God will have all of their needs met. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Simile<br><br>The person who depends on the power of other people is compared to a bush in the desert which always has to struggle for life. But the person who trusts in God is like a tree growing by a stream and has all his needs supplied. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 17 1 f2as writing-poetry 0 General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 17 1 qcz2 figs-metaphor 0 The sin of Judah is written … on the horns of your altars Yahweh speaks of Judah’s sins being so great that they cannot stop committing them as if someone had engraved their sin permanently. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 17 1 ntb1 figs-activepassive 0 The sin of Judah is written Here the word “Judah” represents the people of Judah. This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone has written the sin of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 17 1 r9u2 figs-activepassive 0 It is engraved This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone has engraved it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 17 1 t19m figs-synecdoche 0 engraved on the tablet of their hearts The sinful habits of the people are spoken of as if their sins had been engraved on their own hearts. The word “hearts” refers to the whole person: their thoughts, emotions, and actions. Alternate translation: “engraved in their very beings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 17 1 gc1k 0 on the horns of your altars The word “horns” refers to the projections on the corners of the altars.
JER 17 3 ve7m figs-doublet 0 your wealth and all your treasures The words “wealth” and “treasures” mean the same thing and refer to anything that they consider valuable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 17 4 mei2 figs-metaphor 0 You will lose the inheritance that I gave to you Yahweh speaks of the land as if it were an inheritance that he had given to the people of Judah as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “You will lose the land that I have given to you as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 17 4 w768 figs-metaphor 0 you have ignited a fire in my wrath, which will burn forever Yahweh speaks of the fierceness of his anger as if his anger were a fire that burns those with whom he is angry. Alternate translation: “you have made me so angry that my anger will be like a fire that will burn forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 17 5 zp54 figs-activepassive 0 The person who trusts in mankind is accursed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will curse any person who trusts in mankind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 17 5 sd5y figs-metonymy 0 he makes flesh his strength Here the word “flesh” represents humans. Alternate translation: “he depends on mere humans for strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 17 5 f1ec figs-metonymy 0 turns his heart away from Yahweh Here the word “heart” refers to the thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “turns his devotion away from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 17 6 wqm5 figs-simile 0 like a small bush The person who trusts in man instead of Yahweh will be like a plant that struggles to survive in an infertile land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 17 6 d8k3 figs-doublet 0 the wilderness, barren land without inhabitants The phrase “barren land without inhabitants” describes and means basically the same thing as “wilderness.” Alternate translation: “the barren wilderness where no person lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 17 8 rs4s figs-simile 0 he will be like a tree planted by water The person who trusts in Yahweh will always prosper, just like a tree does when it is planted by a river. It is not affected when there is no rain. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will be like a tree that someone has planted by water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 17 8 pf89 figs-personification 0 It will not fear the heat when it comes … It is not anxious in a year of drought Yahweh speaks of a tree that draws its water from a stream being unaffected by heat and drought as if the tree were unafraid of these things. Alternate translation: “The heat will not affect it when it comes … No harm is caused to it in a year of drought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 17 9 q56q figs-metonymy 0 The heart is more deceitful Here the word “heart” refers to the minds and thoughts of people. Alternate translation: “The human mind is more deceitful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 17 9 h5pr figs-rquestion 0 who can understand it? The speaker uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can understand the human heart. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one can understand it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 17 10 per1 figs-metonymy 0 who tests the hearts Here the word “hearts” represents the emotions. Alternate translation: “who tests the emotions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 17 10 zu1h figs-metaphor 0 according to his ways Here a person’s behavior is spoken of as if it were the paths along which he walks. Alternate translation: “according to how he lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 17 10 hlu7 figs-metaphor 0 the fruit of his deeds Here the results of a person’s actions are spoken of as if they were fruit. Alternate translation: “what he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 17 11 r1bc 0 A partridge hatches an egg … become rich unjustly This analogy of a bird that hatches another bird’s eggs is meant to illustrate a rich man who makes his money by robbing others.
JER 17 11 j8my figs-idiom 0 when half his days are over Here the word “days” stands for someone’s entire life. Alternate translation: “when he has lived only half of his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 17 11 t4k5 figs-personification 0 those riches will abandon him The riches are spoken of as if they were servants who would abandon their owner. Alternate translation: “he will lose his wealth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 17 12 c58h figs-metaphor 0 The place of our temple is a glorious throne Jeremiah speaks of the temple being a “glorious throne” because it is there that Yahweh dwells and rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 17 13 tkv3 figs-activepassive 0 those in the land who turn away from you will be written in the earth If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will write in the dust those in the land who turn away from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 17 13 e5ej figs-metaphor 0 will be written in the earth This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people dying and being forgotten as if someone writes their names in the dust, and those names quickly disappear. Alternate translation: “will disappear like names that someone writes in the dust” or (2) the word “earth” is a metonym for the place of the dead. The phrase is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people going to the place of the dead as if someone enrolled their names in the records of those who have died. Alternate translation: “will join those in the place of the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 17 13 vf2c figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh, the fountain of living waters Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh being the source of life as if he were a fountain of living waters. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who is like a fountain of living waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 17 13 pj3q figs-metaphor 0 the fountain of living waters Jeremiah speaks of fresh, running water as if it were living water. Alternate translation: “the fountain of fresh, running water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 17 14 emc7 figs-activepassive 0 I will be healed … I will be rescued If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you really will have healed me … you really will have rescued me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 17 15 kn8p 0 they are saying to me Here the word “me” refers to Jeremiah and the word “they” to his enemies.
JER 17 15 qef1 figs-rquestion 0 Where is the word of Yahweh? The people use this question to ridicule Jeremiah because the things that he said had not yet happened. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Where are the things that Yahweh told you would happen?” or “The things that Yahweh told you would happen have not happened.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 17 16 dye9 figs-metaphor 0 I did not run from being a shepherd following you Jeremiah speaks of leading and caring for the people as if he were a shepherd caring for sheep. He speaks of his abandoning that work as if he were running away from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 17 16 m8x1 figs-synecdoche 0 the proclamations that came from my lips Here the word “lips” represents Jeremiah who spoke. The word “proclamations” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the proclamations that I spoke” or “the things that I proclaimed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 17 16 hkb7 figs-activepassive 0 They were made If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I made them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 17 17 q4lu figs-metaphor 0 You are my refuge Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as a place where enemies cannot attack him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 17 18 p168 figs-activepassive 0 May my pursuers be ashamed, but do not let me be ashamed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Bring shame on my pursuers, but do not bring shame on me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 17 18 us8n figs-parallelism 0 May they be dismayed, but do not let me be dismayed This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous one and adds emphasis to Jeremiah’s prayer. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Make them very afraid, but do not make me afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 17 18 xrc7 figs-metaphor 0 shatter them with a double share of destruction Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh destroying his enemies as if they were objects that Yahweh would shatter. The idiom “a double share” means to give twice as much. Alternate translation: “shatter them with complete destruction” or “destroy them twice as much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 17 19 ab1v figs-ellipsis 0 then in all the other gates of Jerusalem The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “then go and stand in all the other gates of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 17 23 cu16 figs-doublet 0 They did not listen or pay attention These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people refused to listen. Alternate translation: “They refused to listen” or “They refused to obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 17 23 ksk9 figs-metaphor 0 stiffened their neck Jeremiah speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had made their necks stiff and unmovable. Alternate translation: “became stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 17 25 i3jj figs-metonymy 0 those who sit on David’s throne Here the throne that the king of Judah sits on is represented as “David’s throne.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 13:13](../13/13.md). Alternate translation: “those who sit on Judah’s throne” or “the kings of the nation of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 17 25 r4s3 figs-activepassive 0 this city will be inhabited forever If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will inhabit this city forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 17 27 r5tg figs-activepassive 0 it cannot be put out If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people cannot put it out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 18 intro z3ii 0 # Jeremiah 18 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 18:13-17, 19-23.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Attacking Jeremiah<br>Things were so bad in Judah, they even attacked Jeremiah. To attack Yahweh’s prophet was to attack Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Simile<br><br>Like a potter can change what he is making from one type of pot to another, God can change his plans and not punish people if they repent. The image of God as a potter and mankind as clay is an important one in Scripture. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 18 1 ad7f figs-idiom 0 The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Arise” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah: ‘Arise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 18 2 ww5x 0 the potter’s house “the workshop of the potter.” A potter is someone who makes pots from clay.
JER 18 3 z9ps 0 behold! The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this.
JER 18 3 x9yr 0 on the potter’s wheel The potter’s wheel is a small table that spins. A potter uses it to make pots.
JER 18 4 j5pm figs-activepassive 0 the pot he was making from the clay was spoiled in the potter’s hand The word “spoiled” means that something about the pot made the potter unhappy. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the pot that the potter was making with his hands was not good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 18 4 qs6u 0 he returned the clay and formed it into another pot He stopped making the pot, crushed the clay back into a lump, and then used that lump of clay to make another pot.
JER 18 4 kd4f figs-metonymy 0 that was pleasing in his eyes Here the word “eyes” represents sight and sight represents one’s opinion. Alternate translation: “that he thought was good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 18 5 gj6x figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 18 6 y4ia figs-rquestion 0 Should I not be able to act like this potter with you, house of Israel? With this question, Yahweh emphasizes his authority to do as he pleases with Israel. Alternate translation: “I am allowed to act toward you, house of Israel, like the potter acts toward the clay.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 18 6 j2v5 figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “kingdom of Israel” or “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 18 6 elt6 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 18 6 uzq5 figs-simile 0 Like clay in a potter’s hand—that is how you are in my hand Yahweh compares his being able to remake Israel as he see fit to the way that the potter is able to remake a lump of clay as he sees fit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 18 7 jk3p figs-doublet 0 tear it down, or destroy it These two expressions basically mean the same thing. In the first expression, Yahweh speaks of destroying a kingdom as if the kingdom were a plant or a building that he tears down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 18 9 n3us figs-doublet 0 build it up or plant it These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of strengthening kingdoms as if they were buildings that he would build, and as if they were plants that he would plant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 18 10 q9ah figs-metonymy 0 if it does evil in my eyes Here the word “it” refers to a nation or kingdom, which is a metonym for the people in that nation or kingdom. The word “eyes” represents seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “if the people of that nation do things that I consider to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 18 10 u2ti figs-metonymy 0 not listening to my voice Here the word “voice” represents the words that Yahweh speaks. Here, “not listening” is an idiom that means that they do not obey. Alternate translation: “not obeying what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 18 11 h8xz 0 See This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 18 11 tj92 figs-metaphor 0 I am about to form disaster against you. I am about to devise a plan against you Yahweh speaks of planning disaster as if disaster were an object that he forms, like the potter would form clay. The second sentence repeats the same idea as the first using different words. Alternate translation: “I am about to devise a plan to bring disaster against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 18 11 me21 figs-metaphor 0 his wicked way Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 18 11 w5eq figs-doublet 0 so your ways and your practices will bring good to you The words “ways” and “practices” both refer to a person’s actions and general lifestyle. Alternate translation: “so your actions will result in good happening to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 18 12 fq15 0 But they will say The word “they” refers to the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem.
JER 18 12 nmb4 figs-idiom 0 This is no use Here, this idiom could mean: (1) the people do not care about what Jeremiah will say to them. Alternate translation: “We do not care what you say” or (2) The people do not think that anything good will come of what Jeremiah tells them to do. Alternate translation: “What you are saying will not work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 18 12 yc7y figs-metonymy 0 what his evil, stubborn heart desires Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind or will. Alternate translation: “what his evil, stubborn mind desires” or “whatever evil things that we stubbornly want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 18 13 w781 figs-rquestion 0 Ask the nations, who has ever heard of such a thing as this? Here the word “nations” represents the people in the nations. Yahweh asks this question to scold the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Ask the nations if any of them have ever heard of such a thing as this.” or “Nowhere on earth has anyone ever heard of such a thing like this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 18 13 vta7 figs-personification 0 The virgin Israel has committed a horrible act It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. Yahweh speaks of Israel being pure and faithful towards him as if she were a virgin and of Israel being unfaithful to him as if she had “committed a horrible act.” Alternate translation: “Israel, who is like a virgin, has done something horrible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 18 14 bbi9 figs-rquestion 0 Does the snow in Lebanon ever leave the rocky hills on its sides? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the snow on the mountains never melts. Alternate translation: “The snow in Lebanon never leaves the rocky hills on its sides.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 18 14 utv2 figs-rquestion 0 Are the mountain streams coming from far away ever destroyed, those cold streams? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the mountain streams never cease to flow. He speaks of the streams drying up as if they were destroyed. Alternate translation: “Those cold mountain streams that come from far away never cease to flow.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 18 15 k5st figs-metaphor 0 been made to stumble in their paths Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a path along which he walks, and of living unfaithfully to him as if the person stumbled along the path. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this caused them to stumble in their paths” or “it is like they stumbled while walking on a path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 18 15 x24p figs-metaphor 0 they have left the ancient paths to walk lesser paths Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a path along which he walks. Here, “the ancient paths” represents the way that Yahweh had told their ancestors to live and “lesser paths” represents living unfaithfully to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 18 16 qh44 figs-abstractnouns 0 will become a horror The word “horror” may be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “will become something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 18 16 g6ye 0 an object of everlasting hissing The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people will always hiss”
JER 18 16 mx2e 0 passes by her Here the word “her” refers to “Their land.”
JER 18 17 n6hk figs-metaphor 0 I will scatter them before their enemies like an eastern wind Yahweh speaks of causing the people to flee before their enemies as if he were an eastern wind that scatters dust and debris. Alternate translation: “I will be like an eastern wind and scatter them before their enemies” or “I will scatter them before their enemies like an eastern wind scatters dust and debris” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 18 17 n2xm 0 will scatter them Here the word “them” refers to “my people.”
JER 18 17 mn5a translate-symaction 0 I will show them my back, and not my face “I will turn my back toward them, and not my face.” Turning one’s back towards someone is a symbolic action that represents rejection and turning one’s face towards someone is a symbolic action that represents favor. Alternate translation: “I will reject them and not act favorably towards them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 18 18 cf4s figs-ellipsis 0 the law will never perish from the priests, or advice from the wise men, or words from the prophets The words “will never perish” can be supplied to each of these phrases. This can also be expressed in positive terms. Alternate translation: “the law will never perish from the priests, and advice will never perish from the wise men, and words will never perish from the prophets” or “the priests will always have the law, the wise men will always give advice, and the prophets will always speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 18 18 f353 figs-explicit 0 words from the prophets Here “words” represents messages that the prophets speak from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “words of Yahweh from the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 18 18 ay55 figs-metaphor 0 attack him with our words The people speak of speaking harmful words against Jeremiah as if their words were weapons with which they attack him. Alternate translation: “say things that will harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 18 20 p988 figs-rquestion 0 Will disaster from them really be my reward for being good to them? Jeremiah asks this question to emphasize that good actions should not be repaid with bad things. Alternate translation: “Disaster from them should not be my reward for being good to them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 18 20 t4h5 figs-metaphor 0 they have dug a pit for me Jeremiah speaks of his enemies planning to kill him as if they had dug a pit in which to trap him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 18 20 p3xy figs-metonymy 0 to cause your fury to turn away from them Here the word “fury” represents the punishment that Yahweh intended to inflict upon them. Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh not punishing them as if he were turning his fury away from them. Alternate translation: “so that you would not punish them in your anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 18 21 xrk4 figs-idiom 0 give their children over to famine The idiom “give over” means to place a person in the power of another person. Jeremiah speaks of “famine” as if it were a person who could have power over others. Alternate translation: “cause their children to die from famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 18 21 x3mp figs-metonymy 0 give them to the hands of those who use the sword Here the word “hands” represents power. Alternate translation: “cause those who use the sword to have power over them” or “cause them to die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 18 21 c2vn 0 let their women become bereaved and widows “let the children and husbands of their women die.” The word “bereaved” refers to a woman whose children have all died.
JER 18 21 yp4k figs-ellipsis 0 their men be killed The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let people kill their men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 18 21 gz9s figs-ellipsis 0 their young men killed by the sword in battle The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let people kill their young men with swords in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 18 22 nj6w figs-activepassive 0 Let a distressed shout be heard The phrase “a distressed shout” can be translated with a verbal phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Let people hear a distressed shout” or “Let people hear others shout in distress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 18 22 zdc2 figs-parallelism 0 For they have dug a pit to capture me and have hidden traps for my feet These two phrases share similar meanings. Jeremiah speaks of his enemies planning to kill him as if they had dug a pit for him to fall into and set traps in which to capture him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 18 22 l4rh 0 they have dug a pit See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:20](../18/20.md).
JER 18 22 pxk9 figs-synecdoche 0 have hidden traps for my feet Here the word “feet” represents Jeremiah. Alternate translation: “have hidden traps for me” or “have hidden traps for me to step on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 18 23 yh1m figs-parallelism 0 Do not wipe their sins away from you Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh forgiving his enemies’ sins as if someone had written their sins down and Yahweh would erase them. This phrase means the same thing as the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “Do not pardon their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 18 23 fin3 figs-activepassive 0 let them be overthrown before you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let people overthrow them in your presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 18 23 jrr6 figs-abstractnouns 0 in the time of your wrath The word “wrath” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “when you are still angry with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 19 intro e68t 0 # Jeremiah 19 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### People horrified<br><br>The destruction of Jerusalem will be so complete that it will leave dead bodies everywhere and horrify people who see it.
JER 19 2 r77q 0 Valley of Ben Hinnom This is the name of a valley south of the city of Jerusalem, where people sacrificed to false gods. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md).
JER 19 3 lse3 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 19 3 wu9y figs-idiom 0 the ears of everyone who hears of it will tingle Here “ears … will tingle” is an idiom that means everyone will be shocked by what they hear. Alternate translation: “it will shock everyone who hears of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 19 4 i11f 0 they have abandoned me Here the word “they” refers to the people of Judah.
JER 19 4 h6hz figs-metonymy 0 filled this place with innocent blood Here “innocent blood” represents the murder of innocent people. Yahweh speaks of murdering many people as filling a place with blood. Alternate translation: “murdered many innocent people in this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 19 5 hi1p figs-metonymy 0 nor did it enter my mind Here the word “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). Alternate translation: “nor did I ever think about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 19 6 r6da figs-activepassive 0 this place will no longer be called If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will no longer call this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 19 6 n996 0 Topheth … the Valley of Ben Hinnom … the Valley of Slaughter See how you translated the names of these places in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md).
JER 19 7 mk3z figs-idiom 0 I will make them to fall by the sword before their enemies The idiom “to fall by the sword” means to die in battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will enable their enemies to kill them with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 19 7 hl7t figs-ellipsis 0 by the hand of the ones seeking their lives The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The idiom “fall … by the hand of” means to be killed by someone, with the word “hand” representing the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will enable those who want to kill them to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 19 8 qfw1 figs-abstractnouns 0 the object of hissing The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people hiss” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 19 9 jy23 figs-activepassive 0 and in the anguish brought on them by their enemies and the ones seeking their lives If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because their enemies and those who are seeking their lives have brought anguish upon them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 19 10 ck5z figs-abstractnouns 0 in the sight of the men who went with you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sight**, you can express the same idea with the verb “watching.” Alternate translation: “while the men who went with you are watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 19 11 vi9r 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 19 11 uis2 figs-activepassive 0 it could not be repaired again If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one can repair it again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 19 13 l6aa figs-ellipsis 0 of the kings of Judah The words “the houses” may be supplied here. Alternate translation: “the houses of the kings of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 19 13 u9v5 figs-metaphor 0 the unclean people People who are not acceptable for God’s purposes are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 19 15 ut7s 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 19 15 rv5y figs-parallelism 0 stiffened their neck and refused to listen These two phrases both speak of the people being stubborn. In the first phrase, Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had made their necks stiff. Alternate translation: “stubbornly refused to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 20 intro apn5 0 # Jeremiah 20 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 20:7-18.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pashhur<br>This chapter prophesied punishment against a specific leader named Pashhur. He was in charge of protecting the temple and had Jeremiah beaten and arrested. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>### Jeremiah’s reaction<br>Jeremiah’s reaction contrasts with the reaction of the Jews in general. Although Jeremiah was not happy with Yahweh’s actions, he still trusted in Yahweh. On the other hand, the Jews were not happy with the prophecies Yahweh gave to Jeremiah, so they beat the prophet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
JER 20 1 l4ka writing-poetry 0 General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 20 2 h7fz figs-metonymy 0 Pashhur beat Jeremiah This could mean: (1) that Pashhur himself beat Jeremiah or (2) that Pashhur ordered other men to beat Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 20 2 yc2r 0 Upper Gate of Benjamin This gate is different from the gate in the city wall that shared the same name.
JER 20 3 wf2c 0 It happened This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER 20 3 pwz5 translate-names 0 you are Magor Missabib This name means “terror on every side” or “surrounded by terror.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 20 4 a8gs 0 Look, This word adds emphasis to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
JER 20 4 ebi2 figs-idiom 0 they will fall by the sword of their enemies The idiom “fall by the sword” means that they will die in battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “their enemies will kill them with swords” or “their enemies will kill them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 20 4 xmk6 figs-synecdoche 0 your eyes will see it Here the word “eyes” represents Pashhur. Alternate translation: “you will see it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 20 4 n4ua figs-metonymy 0 I will give all of Judah into the hand of the king of Babylon Here the word “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “I will enable the king of Babylon to conquer all of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 20 5 hbk2 0 I will give him Here the word “him” refers to the king of Babylon.
JER 20 5 kd4g figs-parallelism 0 all the wealth … all of its riches, all of its precious items and all the treasures Yahweh repeats the same basic idea four times for emphasis. Babylon will take away all the wealth of Israel, including the king’s possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 20 5 j1gs figs-metonymy 0 I will place these things in the hand of your enemies Placing things in people’s hands represents giving thing to the people or allowing the people to take the things. Alternate translation: “I will give these things to your enemies” or “I will allow your enemies to take possession of these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 20 6 i5vn figs-activepassive 0 You and all of your loved ones to whom you prophesied deceitful things will be buried there If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “There, people will bury you and all of your loved ones to whom you prophesied deceitful things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 20 7 xwv7 0 Yahweh, you deceived me, and I was deceived Some modern versions interpret these Hebrew expressions as “Yahweh, you persuaded me, and I was indeed persuaded.”
JER 20 7 np4x figs-activepassive 0 I was deceived If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you deceived me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 20 7 r6kv figs-parallelism 0 I have become a laughingstock all day long; everyone mocks me These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the way others mock him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 20 7 r3gc 0 laughingstock This is a person whom others laugh at and make fun of.
JER 20 8 dqv6 figs-doublet 0 called out and proclaimed These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he proclaimed Yahweh’s message boldly. Alternate translation: “openly proclaimed” or “proclaimed loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 20 8 bd79 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh’s word has become for me reproach and mocking every day Here “word” refers to the message of Yahweh. The words “reproach” and “mocking” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “people reproach and mock me every day because I proclaim Yahweh’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 20 8 t4n7 figs-doublet 0 for me reproach and mocking The words “reproach” and “mocking” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that people have ridiculed Jeremiah for proclaiming Yahweh’s message. Alternate translation: “a reason for people to ridicule me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 20 9 bs6s figs-metonymy 0 I will not speak any longer in his name This could mean: (1) “I will never mention Yahweh or say anything about him” or (2) the word “name” represents authority. Alternate translation: “I will no longer speak as his messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 20 9 a3zh figs-synecdoche 0 it is like a fire in my heart, held within my bones Here the words “heart” and “bones” represent Jeremiah’s innermost being. Jeremiah speaks of being unable to not speak Yahweh’s message as if Yahweh’s message were a fire that burns within him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s word is like a fire that burns deep within me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 20 10 tf3t 0 Report! We must report it Jeremiah’s enemies say these words.
JER 20 10 x8mp figs-metaphor 0 watch to see if I will fall Jeremiah speaks of his enemies waiting for him to do something wrong for which they might accuse him as if they were watching for him to fall down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 20 10 i3zl figs-activepassive 0 Perhaps he can be tricked If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Perhaps we can trick him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 20 11 zzb4 figs-simile 0 Yahweh is with me like a powerful warrior Jeremiah compares Yahweh helping him and defending him against his enemies to a powerful warrior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 20 11 yi4y figs-metaphor 0 so the ones pursuing me will stagger Jeremiah speaks of his enemies trying to harm him as if they were chasing after him and of their failing to harm him as if they were to stagger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 20 11 a96t figs-activepassive 0 They will be greatly ashamed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bring great shame upon them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 20 11 uvt7 figs-activepassive 0 it will never be forgotten If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will never forget it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 20 12 m8yj figs-metonymy 0 see the mind and the heart The word “mind” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides, and the word “heart” is a metonym for what a person feels and desires. Alternate translation: “know every person’s thoughts and feelings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 20 13 g8hc figs-metonymy 0 those who are oppressed from the hand of evildoers Here the word “hand” represents power. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those whom evildoers oppress with their power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 20 14 rdr5 figs-activepassive 0 Let the day when I was born be cursed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Curse the day I was born” or “Let people curse the day when I was born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 20 14 n6m1 figs-activepassive 0 Do not let the day that my mother bore me be blessed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not bless the day that my mother bore me” or “Do not let people bless the day that my mother bore me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 20 15 se5g figs-activepassive 0 Let the man who informed my father be cursed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Curse the man who informed my father” or “Let people curse the man who informed my father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 20 16 l3tc 0 he did not have compassion Here the word “he” refers to Yahweh.
JER 20 16 ucg7 0 Let him hear a cry for help Here the word “him” refers to “that man.”
JER 20 17 j5v9 figs-metaphor 0 making my mother to be my tomb Jeremiah speaks of his dying while his mother was still pregnant with him as if his mother’s womb were his tomb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 20 17 z5dt figs-metaphor 0 a womb that was pregnant forever Jeremiah speaks of his pregnant mother never giving birth to the baby in her womb as if she had been pregnant forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 20 18 zc9e figs-rquestion 0 Why is it that I came out from the womb to see troubles and agony … shame? Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to complain that there was no good reason for him to be born. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There was no reason for me to be born only to see troubles and agony … shame.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 20 18 szf6 figs-doublet 0 to see troubles and agony The words “troubles” and “agony” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the amount and severity of suffering. Alternate translation: “to experience so much suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 20 18 fz2s figs-synecdoche 0 my days are filled with shame Here the word “days” represents all the days of Jeremiah’s life. Alternate translation: “my life is filled with shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 21 intro d7pt 0 # Jeremiah 21 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 21:12-14.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jerusalem doomed<br><br>God will fight against Jerusalem and will use the nation of Babylon to fight his battle. If the Jews wanted to live, they needed to surrender to Babylon. Most of the Jews would have rather died than to surrender to Babylon. Usually, fighting against a Gentile nation was a sign of trust in Yahweh’s power. In this instance, it was a sign of trust in Yahweh to surrender. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
JER 21 1 tf6j figs-idiom 0 The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke a message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 21 2 q4d4 0 Seek advice from Yahweh on our behalf … making war on us This was a polite, but urgent request. Alternate translation: “Please speak to Yahweh for us … attacking us”
JER 21 4 ax9r 0 turn back This could mean: (1) to make useless or (2) to send back into the city.
JER 21 4 rb48 figs-metonymy 0 the instruments of war that are in your hand This could mean: (1) the instruments of war refers to the soldiers who carry them and “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the soldiers that you command” or (2) the instruments of war are literal weapons and “your hand” represent both the king and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “the weapons that you and your soldiers carry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 21 4 cju6 0 I will gather them This could mean: (1) Yahweh will allow the Babylonians to enter the city or (2) Yahweh will cause the Israelites to bring their weapons back into the center of the city.
JER 21 5 hc2w figs-rpronouns 0 Then I myself This is emphatic and stresses that Yahweh is the one who will do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER 21 5 jrm2 figs-idiom 0 with a raised hand and a strong arm Both of these phrases are idiomatic expressions that refer to great power. Alternate translation: “with very great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 21 5 f3ic figs-doublet 0 with wrath, fury, and great anger These words all mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the great intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: “with extremely great anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 21 7 k4qv figs-metonymy 0 the sword Here this refers to the battle in which swords are used. Alternate translation: “the war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 21 7 ziv3 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand Here “hand” refers to the power of their enemies over them. Alternate translation: “into the power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 21 7 vgu8 figs-parallelism 0 Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon … their enemies … those seeking their life All of these phrases refer to Nebuchadnezzar and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 21 7 equ4 figs-metonymy 0 with the edge of the sword This could mean: (1) this is a metonym for death in battle. Alternate translation: “in battle” or (2) they will be killed by literal swords. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 21 7 j95p figs-doublet 0 He will not pity them, spare them, or have compassion These three phrases have the same meaning and emphasize that Nebuchadnezzar will deal severely with them. Alternate translation: “He will not show them any mercy or compassion at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 21 8 k2vf 0 I am about to place before you the way of life and the way of death Yahweh is offering the people of Jerusalem a choice that will determine whether they live or die.
JER 21 9 uw2k figs-metonymy 0 by the sword, famine, and plague Death by the sword refers to death in battle. Alternate translation: “in battle and by famine and plague” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 21 9 fn95 translate-symaction 0 falling on his knees before This symbolic act represents surrender. Alternate translation: “surrendering to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 21 9 as7l 0 He will escape with his life The one who surrenders to the Babylonians will escape with his life, even though he will lose all his possessions.
JER 21 10 s4dv figs-idiom 0 I have set my face against this city This idiom means he “firmly decided.” Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind to oppose this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 21 10 wwu1 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 21 10 jk2w figs-activepassive 0 It has been given If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have given it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 21 10 sef1 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of the king Here “hand” represents the power of the king to destroy the city. Alternate translation: “into the power of the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 21 11 u3ev 0 Concerning the house of the king of Judah, listen to the word of Yahweh This may serve as a title for 21:12 - 23:8. Alternate translation: “Listen to what Yahweh says about the king of Judah, his family, and his servants”
JER 21 11 l7p3 figs-metonymy 0 the house of the king of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to king and his family. Alternate translation: “the king of Judah and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 21 12 nl9b figs-metonymy 0 House of David This refers to the same people as “the house of the king of Judah.” All of the kings of Judah were descendants of David. Alternate translation: “Descendants of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 21 12 s22h figs-abstractnouns 0 Bring about justice in the morning If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Always treat the people whom you rule over fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 21 12 l5bg figs-metonymy 0 the hand of the oppressor Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “the power of the one who oppresses them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 21 12 bpj8 figs-metaphor 0 my fury will go out like fire and burn Here Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if it was a fire that would burn up those who did evil. Alternate translation: “I will punish and destroy you in my anger quickly and completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 21 12 ph8p figs-metaphor 0 there is no one who can quench it Jeremiah continues the simile of Yahweh’s punishment as a fire that was so hot that no one could put it out with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 21 13 a8zt 0 See This alerts whoever is hearing to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention”
JER 21 13 qie5 0 inhabitant of the valley This could mean: (1) this may refer to Jerusalem, which was located above a valley, because “inhabitant” is singular and feminine, as is Jerusalem or (2) this is directed to another city or group of people. Most versions leave the original form rather than specifying the city.
JER 21 13 dxt4 figs-rquestion 0 Who will come down to attack us?…Who will enter our houses? These questions are used to state their confidence that they can resist attack. Alternate translation: “No one will attack us!…No one will enter our houses!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 21 14 uf3g figs-metaphor 0 I have assigned the fruit of your practices to come against you The result of their evil deeds is spoken of as fruit which grew from those practices. Alternate translation: “I will punish you as you deserve because of the things you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 21 14 nf8v figs-metaphor 0 in the thickets This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor for the columns of wood that supported the palace or (2) these are literal patches of brush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 22 intro in1u 0 # Jeremiah 22 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 22:6-10, 13-28, 28-30.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Luxury and oppression<br><br>Because the king lived in luxury and oppressed the poor, God was sending him and his mother into captivity unless he repented. The king lacked justice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
JER 22 1 z5bz 0 the house of the king of Judah “the palace of the king of Judah.” The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace where the king lived.
JER 22 2 qj9k figs-explicit 0 your people who come through these gates These gates are the gates of the king’s palace. Alternate translation: “your people who come to visit the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 22 3 qb4x figs-abstractnouns 0 Perform justice and righteousness The abstract nouns “justice” and “righteousness can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “Act fairly and justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 22 3 m8e5 0 anyone who has been robbed—rescue him from the hand of the oppressor Alternate translation: “rescue anyone who has been robbed from the hand of the oppressor”
JER 22 3 y9er figs-metonymy 0 the hand of the oppressor Here “the hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “the power of the oppressor” or “the one who would harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 22 3 b6c5 figs-idiom 0 Do not … pour out innocent blood Here “pour out … blood” is associated with murder, and “blood” refers to the murdered people. Alternate translation: “Do not … murder innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 22 3 t9h8 0 in this place This could mean: (1) Jerusalem or (2) the whole country of Judah. This does not imply that it is good to murder people in other places.
JER 22 4 f37x figs-metonymy 0 kings sitting on David’s throne The metonym “throne” refers to kingly authority like David had. Alternate translation: “kings, ruling like David before them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 22 4 vfy3 0 the gates of this house This refers to the gates to the courtyard of the palace.
JER 22 4 l5m1 figs-metonymy 0 riding in a chariot and on horses This phrase is a metonym that describes the kings as powerful and wealthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 22 4 rx2m figs-ellipsis 0 he, his servants, and his people This sentence lists all who will be powerful and wealthy. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “he, his servants, and his people will ride into the palace on chariots and horses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 22 6 hfy3 figs-metonymy 0 the house of the king of Judah This could mean: (1) this refers to the royal palace where the king lived or (2) “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, who were the royal line of the kings of Judah. Alternate translation: “the royal dynasty of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 22 6 v879 figs-simile 0 You are like Gilead, or like the summit of Lebanon This could mean: (1) “You are as beautiful as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon” or (2) “You give me as much pleasure as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 22 6 ahd6 figs-metaphor 0 turn you into a wilderness What was formerly beautiful is said to become bare and deserted. Alternate translation: “cause you to become empty like the desert” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 22 7 d1mn figs-metaphor 0 the best of your cedars This could mean: (1) the beams of the palace or (2) the leading men of the royal family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 22 7 wb7h figs-metaphor 0 fall into the fire This could mean: (1) a literal fire that will burn the palace beams or (2) the destruction of the royal family is spoken of as if they were burned in a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 22 8 t15z figs-synecdoche 0 Then many nations will pass by this city Here “nations” refers to the people from those nations that pass by. Alternate translation: “Then many people from various nations will pass by this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 22 9 a4v3 figs-doublet 0 bowed down to other gods and worshiped them These two phrases mean the same thing. The phrase “bowed down” describes the posture that people used in worship. Alternate translation: “they worshiped other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 22 10 mc5c 0 never return and see his native land Alternate translation: “never come back and see the land of Israel again” or “never see his homeland again”
JER 22 11 gm4b translate-names 0 Jehoahaz The name in Hebrew is “Shallum,” but he is better known as Jehoahaz. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 22 13 qz4r 0 him who builds … his upper rooms … who makes … for him … he does not give The words “him” and “his” and “who” and “he” refer to King Jehoahaz (verse 11).
JER 22 13 qb7j figs-doublet 0 builds his house by unrighteousness, his upper rooms by injustice The abstract nouns “unrighteousness” and “injustice” have similar meanings, are repeated for emphasis, and can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “unjustly forced men to build his house and his upper rooms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 22 13 rzx8 figs-metonymy 0 his house The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jehoahaz (verse 11) and his family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 22 15 ag7u figs-rquestion 0 Is this what makes you a good king, that you wanted to have boards of cedar? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to rebuke Jehoiakim for his expensive palace. Alternate translation: “Having a cedar palace does not make you a good king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 22 15 b88r figs-rquestion 0 Did not your father also eat and drink, yet do … righteousness? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Jehoiakim about the example of his father, King Josiah. Alternate translation: “Your father King Josiah enjoyed his life, yet did … righteousness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 22 15 y86v figs-doublet 0 do justice and righteousness These abstract nouns have similar meanings, are repeated for emphasis and can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “act justly and fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 22 16 y4lk figs-rquestion 0 Is this not what it means to know me? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to rebuke Jehoiakim for not following the example of his father, King Josiah. Alternate translation: “This is what it means to know me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 22 16 rd6y figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 22 17 tab3 figs-metonymy 0 there is nothing in your eyes and heart except worry … crushing of others Here “eyes” is a metonym for seeing and “heart” is a metonym for thinking. Alternate translation: “you never look for or think about anything except … crushing of others” or “you only look for and think about ways to cheat others and pour out innocent blood, and to oppress and crush others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 22 17 idh3 figs-idiom 0 pouring out innocent blood Here “pouring out … blood” is associated with murder, and “blood” refers to the murdered people. Alternate translation: “murdering innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 22 18 h7h1 figs-ellipsis 0 They will not lament for him In verse 18, Yahweh stops speaking directly to Jehoiakim and begins to speak to other people. Here “lament” refers to grieving at Jehoiakim’s death. Alternate translation: “They will not lament for Jehoiakim when he dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 22 18 n6j5 figs-parallelism 0 Woe, my brother!…Woe, my sister!…Woe, master!…Woe, majesty! Yahweh uses the word “Woe” several times for emphasis. He addresses the various people who would normally show great sadness when someone dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 22 19 s435 figs-metaphor 0 He will be buried with a donkey’s burial, dragged away and thrown out The burial of Jehoiakim is spoken of as being the same as the manner in which people would bury a donkey. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They will bury his dead body the way they would bury a dead donkey; they will drag it away and throw it out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 22 20 gv51 figs-idiom 0 Lift your voice This idiom refers to shouting. In this case, they are crying out in grief. Alternate translation: “Cry out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 22 21 n4fz figs-metonymy 0 you have not listened to my voice Listening is a metonym for obeying. Alternate translation: “you have not obeyed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 22 22 l2p1 figs-metaphor 0 The wind will shepherd away all your shepherds This is a wordplay—Yahweh uses the idea of “shepherd” in two different ways. Here “shepherds” is a metaphor for the leaders of Jerusalem, and the wind “leads” them away. The wind represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will take your leaders away as if the wind had blown them away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 22 23 i6fc figs-metaphor 0 You who live in ‘Lebanon,’ who is nestled in cedar buildings Yahweh speaks of the royal palace as “Lebanon” and “cedar buildings” because it was constructed with a lot of cedar. Alternate translation: “You who live in a palace made from the cedars of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 22 23 n9dg figs-you 0 You who live This “You” is singular and refers to the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 22 23 x4j2 figs-activepassive 0 how you will be pitied The meaning of the Hebrew is not clear. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) “they will greatly pity you” or (2) “you will groan greatly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 22 23 vfv9 figs-simile 0 when the labor pains come upon you, pain like that of a woman in labor The pain that the king will feel when his enemies defeat him will be as intense as the pain a woman feels in childbirth. Alternate translation: “when you experience pain as intense as the pain of a woman in childbirth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 22 24 lcv6 figs-hypo 0 even if you … were the signet on my right hand Yahweh speaks to Jehoiachin as if it were possible for him to be the ring on Yahweh’s hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER 22 24 fu3p figs-metonymy 0 the signet on my right hand A signet ring was used by a king to place his seal of authority on documents. The signet ring therefore represents authority to rule. The right hand also represents authority to rule. Alternate translation: “the signet ring on my right hand that represented my authority to be king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 22 25 s6ia figs-activepassive 0 I have given you to the hand of the ones seeking your life If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have made it possible for the ones seeking your life to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 22 25 h93i figs-metonymy 0 to the hand of Here the metonym “hand” represents power and control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 22 25 sr7r figs-metaphor 0 seeking your life This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. See how this phrase is translated in [Jeremiah 11:21](../11/21.md). Alternate translation: “trying to kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 22 28 h3sy figs-metaphor 0 Is this a despised and shattered vessel? Is this man Jehoiachin a pot that pleases no one? Jehoiachin is spoken of as a pot that was completely worthless and not liked by anyone. The questions emphasize that he has no value or friends. Alternate translation: “Jehoiachin is as useless as a broken vessel and no one is happy with him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 22 28 qal1 figs-rquestion 0 Why have they thrown him and his descendants out, and have poured them out into a land that they did not know? This rhetorical question explains what will happen to the worthless Jehoiachin. Alternate translation: “Therefore the enemy will remove Jehoiachin and his family from the land and take them to a foreign land.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 22 28 vh5v figs-metaphor 0 have poured them out Jehoiachin and his descendants are spoke of as if they had been poured out in another country like garbage from a vessel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 22 29 ac8x figs-apostrophe 0 Land, Land, Land Yahweh speaks his message to all the people of the land by calling out to the land where they live. The title is repeated to call attention to the message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER 22 30 ll6p figs-explicit 0 He will be childless Jehoiachin has several sons. This phrase, then, means it is as if he was childless. His children will not succeed him as king. Alternate translation: “It will be as if he did not have any children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 22 30 h57d figs-metonymy 0 sit on David’s throne Sitting on a throne is a metonym for ruling as king. Alternate translation: “become king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 intro u767 0 # Jeremiah 23 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 23:5-6, 9-24.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Prophesying lies<br><br>The false prophets had encouraged people to continue sinning by saying everything will be alright. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Wordplay<br><br>In Hebrew, the word for “message” can also mean “burden.” In translations that are using footnotes, you may want to explain the wordplay in a footnote. In translations that are not using footnotes or which will primarily be distributed in an oral form, you may need a sentence like “What message has the Lord burdened you with now?” or “You (plural) call God’s message a heavy burden on you.”
JER 23 1 q9nk figs-metaphor 0 General Information: In verses 1-4, Yahweh refers to Israel as his pasture, the people of Israel as his sheep, and the leaders of Israel as the shepherds. Shepherds have a duty to protect the sheep, but the leaders were not doing that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 23 1 z9sb figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 23 2 hus7 figs-doublet 0 You have scattered my flock and have driven them away These two phrases have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 23 3 n6wn figs-metaphor 0 to a grazing place Yahweh refers to the land of Israel as if it were good pasture for his people. This good pasture is a metonym for provision for their needs. Alternate translation: “to good pasture” or “to where all their needs will be supplied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 3 k44c figs-doublet 0 they will be fruitful and increase The word “increase” explains how they will be “fruitful.” Alternate translation: “they will increase greatly in number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 23 4 t983 figs-doublet 0 they will no longer fear or be shattered The words “be shattered” mean that someone has caused them to be afraid and mean basically the same thing as “fear.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will make them afraid anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 23 4 ku28 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 23 5 wi4u figs-metaphor 0 a righteous branch This future king descended from David is spoken of as if he were a branch grown on a tree. Alternate translation: “a righteous descendant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 23 5 he9a 0 a righteous branch Some modern versions translate this as “a legitimate successor to the throne.”
JER 23 5 ki8r figs-abstractnouns 0 cause justice and righteousness in the land The abstract nouns “justice” and “righteousness” can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “cause people to act justly and rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 23 5 k63x figs-metonymy 0 in the land Here “land” refers to the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “for all the people in the nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 6 ls7f figs-metonymy 0 Judah will be rescued Here “Judah” refers to the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah will be rescued” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 6 cl3x figs-activepassive 0 Judah will be rescued If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will rescue Judah from their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 23 6 y7s1 figs-metonymy 0 Israel will live in security Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel will live in security” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 6 tg6a figs-abstractnouns 0 Yahweh is our righteousness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, the one who does what is right for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 23 7 kss4 0 General Information: This verse is very similar to [Jeremiah 16:14](../16/14.md), although not exactly the same. Compare how you translated that verse.
JER 23 7 t4jx 0 see The word “see” here alerts the reader to pay attention to the important information that follows.
JER 23 7 xb5a figs-idiom 0 As Yahweh lives “as surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 23 8 d1ds 0 General Information: This verse is very similar to [Jeremiah 16:15](../16/15.md), although not exactly the same. Compare how you translated that verse.
JER 23 8 yqm5 figs-doublet 0 who brought up and who led back These two phrases mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “who brought back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 23 8 e2wl figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 8 eqs7 0 the northern land and all the lands where they had been driven This refers to the way the northern ten tribes of Israel were captured and spread out among the surrounding countries.
JER 23 8 c7iz figs-explicit 0 Then they will live in their own land This refers to Israel, from where they were scattered. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then they will live in their own land again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 23 9 j7qj 0 General Information: In verses 9-32 Jeremiah delivers Yahweh’s message to the false prophets and the priests. Jeremiah is speaking in verse 9, but it is not clear if verse 10 are the words of Jeremiah or of Yahweh.
JER 23 9 f11c figs-metonymy 0 Regarding the prophets, my heart is broken in me, and all of my bones tremble The prophet speaks of his heart being broken and his bones trembling because he is afraid of the judgment that will result from the lies of the false prophets. Alternate translation: “I have great fear for what will happen because of the false prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 9 lb5c figs-idiom 0 my heart is broken in me This idiom refers to deep sadness. Alternate translation: “I am very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 23 9 g6mk figs-metonymy 0 all of my bones tremble Here trembling is associated with fear. Alternate translation: “I am very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 9 a63q figs-simile 0 I have become like a drunk man, like a man whom wine has overpowered People who are drunk are not able to control themselves. Likewise, Jeremiah has lost control of himself out of fear of Yahweh’s punishment. Alternate translation: “I am like a drunk man; I cannot control myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 23 10 v7jt figs-hyperbole 0 the land is full of adulterers The land is spoken of as if it were a container and the adulterers were objects that filled the container completely. That is, everyone in the land is an adulterer, which in turn is an exaggeration for very many people being adulterers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 23 10 pz91 figs-metaphor 0 adulterers This word here probably has two senses. It has the literal meaning that the men in the nation had committed adultery against their own wives, and it also has the figurative meaning that they had abandoned Yahweh in order to worship idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 23 10 t6w1 0 the land is dried up Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew phrase as “the land mourns.”
JER 23 10 u1vx figs-metaphor 0 These prophets’ paths are wicked The wicked actions of the false prophets are spoken of as if they were walking on an evil path. Alternate translation: “These prophets are doing things that are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 23 11 g5xv 0 Connecting Statement: Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
JER 23 11 pq1v figs-metaphor 0 the prophets and the priests are polluted The prophets and priests are defiled by sin in the same way that water can be polluted by filth. Alternate translation: “the prophets and the priests are sinful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 23 12 fgb1 figs-simile 0 their way will be like a slippery place in the darkness The danger of their actions is spoken of as if they were about to fall off the slippery edge of a cliff in the dark and injure themselves. Alternate translation: “there actions are unstable and dangerous, like walking on a slippery place in the darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 23 12 cdv6 figs-metaphor 0 I will send disaster against them Yahweh speaks of disaster as an enemy that he will send to attack the priests and false prophets. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to experience disaster” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 23 13 q2w8 0 Connecting Statement: Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
JER 23 13 sqi5 figs-metaphor 0 led my people Israel astray The deception of the people by the false prophets is spoken of as leading them down the wrong path. Alternate translation: “deceived my people, the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 23 14 kpq8 0 They commit adultery This could mean: (1) they were literally unfaithful to their wives or (2) their worship of other gods is spoken of as spiritual adultery.
JER 23 14 gu9j figs-idiom 0 walk in deceit This idiom means they lived a life of deceit. Alternate translation: “live in dishonesty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 23 14 v93v figs-synecdoche 0 They strengthen the hands of evildoers Here “hands” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “They strengthen those who do evil” or “They encourage people who do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 23 14 hf5u 0 no one turns back from his evildoing This can be state in positive form. Alternate translation: “everyone continues in their sin”
JER 23 14 cc8r figs-simile 0 All of them have become like Sodom … like Gomorrah Sodom and Gomorrah were cities that were so wicked that God destroyed them with fire from heaven. Alternate translation: “They all became as evil as Sodom … as wicked as Gomorrah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 23 15 t5fw 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 23 15 cv5x 0 Look The word “look” here alerts the reader to pay attention to the important information that follows.
JER 23 15 ug5g figs-metaphor 0 I am about to make them eat wormwood and drink poisonous water Wormwood is a plant that is very bitter and unpleasant to eat. This phrase describes the punishment that Yahweh was going to bring about on the evil prophets. In the same way wormwood was bitter and the water was poisonous, so would Yaweh’s judgment be on the evil prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 23 15 zxk6 figs-metaphor 0 pollution has gone out from the prophets Here the evil teaching of the priests and false prophets is spoken of as if it were something filthy that ruined the land. Alternate translation: “evil has come from the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 23 16 z212 0 Connecting Statement: Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
JER 23 16 u2nu 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 23 16 qzm5 figs-metonymy 0 visions from their own minds Here “minds” refers to the thoughts of the false prophets. Alternate translation: “visions that they imagined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 16 nij1 figs-metonymy 0 not from Yahweh’s mouth Here “mouth” refers to what Yahweh said. Alternate translation: “not what Yahweh said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 17 e3yb figs-hyperbole 0 They are constantly saying The word “constantly” is an exaggeration to emphasize that this is what they normally say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 23 17 kg1k figs-metaphor 0 everyone walking in the stubbornness of his own heart says Here “heart” refers to their desires. To follow those desires is spoken of as walking in them. Alternate translation: “everyone stubbornly does whatever they desire to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 18 rtl1 figs-rquestion 0 Yet who has stood in Yahweh’s council meeting? Who sees and hears his word? Who pays attention to his word and listens? These questions are used to rebuke the priests and false prophets for not obeying Yahweh. Alternate translation: “No one advises Yahweh. No one understands what Yahweh says. No one obeys Yahweh’s commands.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 23 18 crs3 0 pays attention to his word and listens These two phrases mean the same thing. They can be combined in one phrase. Alternate translation: “obeys his word at all”
JER 23 19 sv8q 0 Connecting Statement: Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
JER 23 19 b4tl figs-metaphor 0 there is a storm coming from Yahweh … His fury is going out … a tempest is whirling about These three phrases all refer to a great storm that is a metaphor for Yahweh’s anger. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s anger is coming like a great storm, going out with fury and whirling like a tempest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 23 19 w4qs figs-metaphor 0 It is whirling around the heads of the wicked Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if it were a windstorm whirling around the wicked. Alternate translation: “It is coming upon the wicked like a windstorm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 23 20 n8pg figs-personification 0 Yahweh’s wrath will not return until it Yahweh’s wrath is spoken of as if it were alive and could act on its own. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not stop being angry until he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 23 20 p9sd figs-metonymy 0 carried out and brought into being his heart’s intentions Here “heart’s intentions” refers to the things that Yahweh wanted to happen. Alternate translation: “completed and accomplished all the punishment that he had planned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 21 e2zq 0 Connecting Statement: Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
JER 23 21 jy71 figs-explicit 0 they have still prophesied It is understood that they are prophesying falsely. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “they have prophesied falsely anyway” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 23 22 nx49 figs-hypo 0 if they had stood in my council meeting Yahweh states what would have happened if the priests and false prophets had participated in Yahweh’s council meeting in heaven. This hypothetical situation is impossible. Alternate translation: “if they had truly listened to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER 23 22 kym3 0 my council meeting In ancient times, God was thought to hold meetings with the angels in heaven. Yahweh is referring to this kind of meeting, which humans could not attend. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 23:18](../23/18.md).
JER 23 22 n2ix figs-idiom 0 to turn from This idiom means they would stop doing these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 23 23 w171 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
JER 23 23 dpw9 figs-rquestion 0 Am I only a God nearby … and not also a God far away? Yahweh uses this question to rebuke the priests and false prophets for thinking that he did not rule everywhere. Alternate translation: “I am not only a God who is here in Jerusalem … but I am everywhere!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 23 23 ek7y figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 23 24 s2d6 figs-rquestion 0 Can anyone hide in a secret place so I cannot see him? Yahweh uses this question to rebuke the priests and false prophets for thinking that he did not see the evil that they were doing. Alternate translation: “No one can hide in a secret place so I cannot see him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 23 24 asa4 figs-rquestion 0 do I not fill the heavens and the earth? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is everywhere in heaven and on earth. Alternate translation: “I am everywhere, both in the heavens and on the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 23 25 efh2 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
JER 23 25 z8fx figs-abstractnouns 0 prophesying deceit The word “deceit” can be expressed as an adjective or an adverb. Alternate translation: “prophesying deceit things” or “prophesying deceitfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 23 25 aqc3 figs-metonymy 0 in my name This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. See how you translated this phrase in [Jeremiah 14:14](../14/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 25 ax5f figs-explicit 0 I had a dream! They meant that this dream was from God. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I had a dream from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 23 26 ud78 figs-rquestion 0 How long will this go on, prophets who prophesy lies from their minds, and who prophesy from the deceit in their hearts? Yahweh asks this question to emphasize that this is something that should not continue. Alternate translation: “This should not continue, prophets declaring lies which they themselves have made up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 23 26 acr3 figs-doublet 0 prophesy lies from their minds … prophesy from the deceit in their hearts These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the false prophets made up their prophesies. Alternate translation: “prophesy things that come only from their own minds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 23 27 z1ge figs-metonymy 0 forget my name … forgot my name Here the word “name” refers to the whole being of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “forget me … forgot me” or “forget who I am … forgot who I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 27 ph7r figs-metonymy 0 in favor of Baal’s name Here “Baal’s name” refers to the god Baal. Alternate translation: “leading my people to worship Baal instead of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 28 uu8f 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
JER 23 28 nf21 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 23 29 cmi2 figs-rquestion 0 Is not my word like fire?…and like a hammer that shatters a rock into pieces? Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that his word is much more powerful than the words of mere men. In that way, his word is like fire or a hammer. Alternate translation: “My word is powerful like fire … and powerful like a hammer that shatters a rock into pieces.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 23 30 za3e 0 steals words from another person This implies that the false prophets are thieves. They are so evil that they take each other’s messages without permission rather than make up their own false messages.
JER 23 31 fj9k 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
JER 23 31 eh6r 0 See This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention”
JER 23 31 cyr7 figs-metonymy 0 who use their tongues Here “tongues” is a metonym for the ability to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 33 a291 0 General Information: In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible.
JER 23 33 c2ph 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
JER 23 33 rek5 figs-you 0 asks you … you will say These two instances of “you” are singular and refer to Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 23 33 smx4 figs-you 0 You are the burden … cast you off These two instances of “you” are plural and refer to the false prophets and the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 23 33 gg8m figs-metaphor 0 You are the burden Here “burden” means a heavy load. This is a metaphor that means they annoy Yahweh and he no longer wants to put up with them. Alternate translation: “You are a burden that I am tired of carrying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 23 33 ct8x figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 23 34 dnw7 0 This is the burden of Yahweh Here “burden” means a message or prophecy from Yahweh.
JER 23 34 zc9i figs-metonymy 0 his house Here “house” is a metonym for the family that lives inside it. Alternate translation: “his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 35 x255 0 General Information: In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible.
JER 23 35 lj8n 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
JER 23 35 m2dm 0 You continue to say…‘What did Yahweh declare?’ It may be helpful to reorder this sentence. Alternate translation: “Each person continues to ask his neighbor and his brother, ‘What did Yahweh answer?’ and ‘What did Yahweh declare?’”
JER 23 36 c4en 0 But you must no longer talk about the ‘burden of Yahweh,’ for the burden is every man’s own word, and This could mean: (1) both instances of “burden” mean “message.” Alternate translation: “You must no longer call your visions the ‘burden of Yahweh’ because they are really only every man’s own words, and” or (2) the first ‘burden’ means “message” and the second means “heavy load.” Alternate translation: “You must no longer talk about the ‘message of Yahweh’ because the words that each of you speak are what is a ‘heavy load.’ In this way”
JER 23 36 ppq7 0 you have perverted the words … our God To “pervert” something is to twist or distort it. Alternate translation: “you have changed the message of the living God, Yahweh of hosts, our God, to say what you want it to say and not what God said”
JER 23 37 ntt4 0 General Information: In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible.
JER 23 37 pg4g 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh completes his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
JER 23 38 da5b figs-you 0 But if you say … Because you have said … when I sent to you … You will not say All of these instances of “you” are plural and refer to the priests and false prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 23 39 uyp8 0 therefore, behold “therefore, pay attention.” This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows.
JER 23 39 w43s figs-metaphor 0 I am about to pick you up and throw you away from me Yahweh speaks of sending these priests and false prophets into exile as if they were an object that he was going to throw far away. Alternate translation: “I am about to drive you away from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 23 39 u7cv figs-you 0 pick you up … throw you … I gave you All of these instances of “you” are plural and refer to the priests and false prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 23 40 bq3w figs-you 0 insult on you This instance of “you” is plural and refers to the priests and false prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 23 40 t2qe 0 I will put everlasting shame and insult on you that will not be forgotten “I will cover you with shame that will last forever and insult that you will never forget” or “I will cause people to make fun of you forever. People will never forget that you were disgraced.” Yahweh speaks of the humiliation of the priests and false prophets as if he would put shame and insult on them like clothing.
JER 23 40 p6n8 figs-activepassive 0 that will not be forgotten If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 24 intro fru9 0 # Jeremiah 24 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The exiles are blessed and the others punished<br><br>God will bless the people who were taken away into Babylon but punish the people left in the land because they still did not repent and turn to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
JER 24 1 mx54 writing-background 0 This vision happened … them to Babylon This part of the story is used to provide historical information to show when the events of the happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER 24 2 yn27 figs-activepassive 0 they could not be eaten These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one could eat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 24 3 wk1l figs-activepassive 0 they cannot be eaten These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one could eat them … no one can eat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 24 4 th8u figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 24 5 bn7y figs-idiom 0 I will look on the exiles of Judah for their benefit Here “look on” is an idiom that means Yahweh will take care of them. Alternate translation: “I will take good care of the exiles of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 24 5 vt5h figs-simile 0 just like these good figs The good figs represent those Judean exiles sent to the land of Chaldea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 24 6 p9np figs-metonymy 0 I will set my eyes on them for good Here “set my eyes” means he will see them. Seeing them is a metonym for caring for them. Alternate translation: “I will bless them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 24 6 i7sm figs-parallelism 0 I will build them up, and not tear them down. I will plant them, and not uproot them These two metaphors have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. Alternate translation: “I will help them to prosper in Chaldea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 24 6 pp2q figs-metaphor 0 I will build them up, and not tear them down Yahweh speak of the exiles as a building which Yahweh will build and not tear down. Alternate translation: “I will help them flourish in the land, and not ruin them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 24 6 whb1 figs-metaphor 0 I will plant them, and not uproot them Yahweh speak of the exiles as plants which Yahweh will plant in good soil and not pull out. Alternate translation: “I will establish them in the land, and not remove them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 24 9 hi95 figs-doublet 0 I will turn them into a frightening thing, a disaster … a disgrace and a subject for proverbs, taunts, and curses These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how thoroughly Yahweh will judge the people of Jerusalem. They will become something that will frighten other people when they see it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 24 10 j4rn figs-metonymy 0 I will send out sword Here “sword” refers to war or enemy armies. Alternate translation: “I will send enemy armies” or “I will send out war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 24 10 k2as figs-personification 0 sword, famine, and plague These things are spoken of as if they were living things that could attack the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 25 intro uf7k 0 # Jeremiah 25 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 25:30-38.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Seventy years<br><br>Babylon will rule over Judah for seventy years. Because Yahweh is just, he will soon punish Babylon for their evil actions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br><br>Jeremiah uses the idiom of drinking the cup of wine of God’s punishment to say that Babylon will destroy all the surrounding nations and then be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 25 1 jgw9 figs-idiom 0 This is the word that came to Jeremiah It is implied that the word that came to Jeremiah was from Yahweh. This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 25 5 nw93 figs-metaphor 0 Let each man turn from his wicked way and the corruption of his practices Jeremiah speaks of people who stop committing an action as if those people were turning away from that action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 5 xe34 figs-doublet 0 his wicked way and the corruption of his practices The terms “wicked way” and “corruption of his practices” mean the same thing and refer to every sinful thing that they do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 25 6 yxs7 figs-metaphor 0 do not walk after other gods Jeremiah speaks of a person being devoted to a god as if the person were walking behind the god. Alternate translation: “do not become devoted to other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 6 cgg6 figs-explicit 0 do not provoke him with the work of your hands The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Here, the phrase **the work of your hands** could mean: (1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh with the idols that you have made” or (2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh by the things that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 25 7 fz11 figs-explicit 0 you have provoked me with the work of your hands to do harm to you See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:6](../25/06.md). Here, the phrase **the work of your hands** could mean: (1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the idols that you have made with your hands” or (2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the things that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 25 8 i8m8 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 25 9 kxv7 figs-idiom 0 bring them against this land The idiom to “bring … against this land” means that they will attack the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “bring them to attack this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 25 9 h39v figs-idiom 0 I will set them apart for destruction The idiom “set … apart for destruction” means to destroy something completely. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 25 9 h2cj figs-abstractnouns 0 I will turn them into a horror The word “horror” may be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I will turn them into something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 25 9 e1u4 0 an object for hissing The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people will hiss”
JER 25 10 nzy3 0 millstones These are two large, round stones used to grind grain.
JER 25 10 n68f 0 the sound of joy and sound of gladness, the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:34](../07/34.md).
JER 25 11 zyt1 figs-abstractnouns 0 all of this land will become a desolation and a horror The words “desolation” and “horror” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I will cause this land to be desolate and something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 25 12 pua7 figs-abstractnouns 0 an unending desolation The noun “desolation” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “desolate forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 25 13 dbu3 figs-activepassive 0 everything written in this book This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “everything that Jeremiah has written in this book” or “everything that one has written in this book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 25 14 tv7d figs-metaphor 0 I will repay them for their deeds and the works of their hands Yahweh speaks of punishing the people of the nations for what they have done as if he were paying them back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 14 l9f2 figs-doublet 0 their deeds and the works of their hands These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The idiom “the works of their hands” refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “everything that they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 25 15 uqa7 figs-metaphor 0 Take this cup of the wine of fury Yahweh speaks of his extreme anger as if it were wine that fills a cup. Alternate translation: “Take this cup of wine that represents my fury” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 15 nl26 figs-metonymy 0 make all the nations … drink it The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Yahweh speaks of people experiencing his fury as if they were to drink the wine that is in the cup. Alternate translation: “make all the people of the nations … drink the wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 16 y8ww figs-metaphor 0 they will drink and then stagger about and rant madly Yahweh speaks of the people being terrified about his fury as if they were drunk from drinking the wine from the cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 16 ftn1 figs-metonymy 0 before the sword that I am sending out among them Here the word “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “because of the wars that I am causing to happen among them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 25 17 ti8x figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 17 h4ut figs-metonymy 0 I made all the nations … drink it The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “I made all the people of the nations … drink the wine from the cup” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 25 18 a2nm 0 something terrifying The adjective “terrifying” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “something that terrifies people”
JER 25 18 m6p4 0 an object for hissing and cursing The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval. Both “hissing” and “cursing” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people hiss and which they curse”
JER 25 18 jbw1 0 they are at this present day Here, this phrase could mean: (1) refers to the time when the book of Jeremiah was written and some time after Jeremiah had proclaimed this prophecy or (2) means that the things about which Jeremiah prophesies here have already started to happen.
JER 25 19 zv1x figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 19 c8ay figs-metonymy 0 Other nations also had to drink it The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “People from other nations also had to drink the wine from the cup” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 25 20 lnv5 0 people of mixed heritage This could mean: (1) people whose ancestors were from different people groups or (2) foreigners who lived in Egypt.
JER 25 22 q9z1 figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 23 ak9u 0 all the ones who cut the hair on the sides of their heads This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “all the people who live on the edge of the wilderness.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 9:26](../09/26.md).
JER 25 24 gv4u figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 26 kn4i figs-idiom 0 everyone with his brother This is an idiom that means every person, one after another. Alternate translation: “one after another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 25 26 f9h6 figs-metonymy 0 all of them had to drink the cup from Yahweh’s hand Here “the cup” is a metonym for the wine that it contains. Alternate translation: “all of these people had to drink the wine from the cup in Yahweh’s hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 25 27 p9dl figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 27 dq9j 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 25 27 v2lj figs-metonymy 0 before the sword that I am sending among you Here the word “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “before the wars that I am causing to happen among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 25 29 ut1e figs-metonymy 0 the city that is called by my name This refers to Jerusalem and can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the city that I have called by my name” or “Jerusalem, which I have called by my name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 25 29 xp4x figs-rquestion 0 and should you yourselves be free from punishment? Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people and to emphasize that he will certainly punish them. Alternate translation: “so do not think that you yourselves will be free from punishment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 25 29 xg8j figs-metonymy 0 I am calling a sword against all the inhabitants of the land Here the word “sword” represents war. Yahweh speaks of declaring war against the people as if he were calling a sword against them. Alternate translation: “I am declaring war against all the inhabitants of the land” or “I am bringing war against all the inhabitants of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 30 c55r figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh will roar Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh shouting very loudly as if he were roaring like a lion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 30 l53r figs-metonymy 0 from the heights This phrase is a metonym for heaven. Alternate translation: “from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 25 30 x8nc figs-metaphor 0 he will roar mightily against his fold Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as if he were a lion and his people were a flock of sheep. The people will be helpless when Yahweh comes to punish them, as sheep are helpless when a lion attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 30 ct53 0 those who tread the grapes This refers to people who crush grapes in a winepress with their feet in order to make wine.
JER 25 31 fjq3 figs-idiom 0 to the ends of the earth This is an idiom that means the farthest places on the earth. By referencing both ends, it refers to everywhere in between. Alternate translation: “to the farthest places on the earth” or “to everywhere on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER 25 31 ytv7 figs-metonymy 0 on all flesh Here the word “flesh” represents humanity. Alternate translation: “on all mankind” or “on all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 25 31 luq6 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 25 32 gee1 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 25 32 zv4e figs-personification 0 disaster is going out from nation to nation Yahweh speaks of great disasters happening in each nation as if “disaster” were a person who goes from nation to nation. Alternate translation: “great disasters are going to happen in one nation after another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 25 32 dfh9 figs-metaphor 0 a great storm is beginning from the farthest parts of the earth Here, this metaphor could mean: (1) Yahweh speaks of Babylonian army and the destruction that it will cause as if it were a great storm or (2) Yahweh speaks of his great anger as if it were a great storm that causes much destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 33 nd4h figs-activepassive 0 those killed by Yahweh If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those whom Yahweh killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 25 33 zab4 figs-merism 0 will on that day extend from one end of the earth to the other By mentioning both ends of the earth, this phrase represents everywhere in between those ends. Alternate translation: “will on that day cover the entire earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER 25 33 gm43 figs-activepassive 0 they will not be mourned, gathered, or buried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will mourn them, gather them, or bury them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 25 33 brq6 figs-simile 0 They will be like dung on the ground The bodies are compared to dung on the ground to emphasize that they will be disgusting and that no one will bury them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 16:4](../16/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 25 34 i7rd figs-metaphor 0 shepherds Yahweh speaks of the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who are responsible for protecting and caring for the people, who, implicitly, are spoken of as if they are the sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 34 tec2 translate-symaction 0 Roll about in the dust This is a sign of sorrow, mourning or distress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 25 34 ufa1 figs-metaphor 0 you leaders of the flock This phrase also refers to the leaders of Israel who are responsible to care for the people, who are spoken of as if they were a flock of sheep. Alternate translation: “you leaders of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 34 chn4 figs-irony 0 for the days of your slaughter have come Usually it is the sheep that are slaughtered, but here Yahweh says that he will slaughter the shepherds. The word “slaughter” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “for the time has come for me to slaughter you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 25 34 cj7k figs-metaphor 0 you will be scattered when you fall like fine pottery Yahweh speaks of the leaders of Israel being destroyed as if they are pieces of pottery that shatter when they fall to the ground. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will fall like fine pottery and your shattered pieces will scatter on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 25 36 taa7 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh is destroying their pastures Yahweh speaks of the nation in which the leaders think that they live peacefully as if it were the “pastures” in which they care for the sheep (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 37 n1fc figs-metaphor 0 So the peaceful pastures will be devastated Yahweh continues to speak of the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds. Here he speaks of the nation as the “pastures” in which they think they live peacefully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 37 nz1v figs-activepassive 0 the peaceful pastures will be devastated because of Yahweh’s fierce anger This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will devastate the peaceful pastures because of he extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 25 38 gc84 figs-metaphor 0 Like a young lion, he has left his den Yahweh punishing his people in his extreme wrath is spoken of as if Yahweh were a lion who leaves his den in search of prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 38 tr4c figs-abstractnouns 0 their land will become a horror The word “horror” may be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “their land will become something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 25 38 ef4f 0 the oppressor’s anger This refers to the anger of Israel’s enemies.
JER 26 intro m6jw 0 # Jeremiah 26 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The people want to kill Jeremiah<br><br>The people wanted to kill Jeremiah but other people intervened and said that they should listen to Jeremiah and repent. They represent the remnant of the faithful Jews. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
JER 26 1 hc6c figs-idiom 0 this word came from Yahweh, saying This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 18:1](../18/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This message came from Yahweh. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 26 1 v8wh figs-explicit 0 this word came from Yahweh, saying It can be stated clearly who Yahweh gave this message to. Alternate translation: “this word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 26 2 f1ff figs-metaphor 0 cities of Judah The word “cities” is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “people from the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 26 3 x43j figs-metaphor 0 each man will turn from his wicked ways Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “each man will stop his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 26 6 vka9 figs-simile 0 then I will make this house like Shiloh Yahweh had destroyed a place of worship at Shiloh, and he was threatening to destroy this place of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 26 6 qd3h figs-metonymy 0 I will turn this city into a curse What Yahweh would turn the city into is a metonym for what people would use the city for. Alternate translation: “I will make this city so that people will ask me to destroy others the way I have destroyed this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 26 8 zr32 0 all the people seized him and said, “You will certainly die! This could mean: (1) The people chose to believe the lie of false peace and did not want to be confronted with the truth, or (2) the people believed the other prophets proclaiming peace and saw Jeremiah as a false prophet who should be stoned for leading the people astray.
JER 26 9 sb1y figs-rquestion 0 Why have you prophesied … inhabitant? This rebuke can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have prophesied … inhabitant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 26 11 n24j 0 you heard with your own ears Alternate translation: “you heard”
JER 26 12 m8sc 0 this house and this city Alternate translation: “the people who worship in Yahweh’s temple and those who live in the city of Jerusalem”
JER 26 13 u7ib figs-doublet 0 your ways … your practices These two phrases mean almost the same thing. Alternate translation: “the things you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 26 13 u76z figs-synecdoche 0 listen to the voice of Yahweh The voice is a synecdoche for the person, and the same word can be translated “listen” or “obey.” Alternate translation: “obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 26 14 kr6k figs-doublet 0 Do to me what is good and right in your eyes The words “good” and “right” mean the same thing. The eye is a metonym for the person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “Do to me whatever you think is the right thing to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 26 15 r93l figs-metonymy 0 you are bringing innocent blood on yourselves and on this city and its inhabitants Blood is a metonym for violent death, and to bring blood on someone is to make them guilty of violent death. Alternate translation: “you are making yourselves and this city and its inhabitants guilty of the violent death of an innocent person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 26 15 cu9w figs-doublet 0 this city and its inhabitants These are two ways of speaking of the same people, perhaps first as a group and then as individuals. The city is a metonym for the people in the city. Alternate translation: “all the people in the city and every one of the people who live here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 26 15 mi1q figs-metonymy 0 for your ears The ear is a metonym for what the ear hears. Alternate translation: “for you to hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 26 16 jf98 figs-metonymy 0 in the name of Yahweh our God The person’s name is a metonym for his authority. Alternate translation: “with the authority of Yahweh our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 26 18 z8nb translate-names 0 General Information: See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]
JER 26 18 t6dn 0 Morashite a person from the town or region of Moresheth
JER 26 18 az6u 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 26 18 pi1j figs-metaphor 0 Zion will become a plowed field … and the hill of the temple will become a thicket “Zion” and “the hill of the temple” refer to the same place. When a farmer plows a field, he turns over all the dirt and uproots all the plants that are growing there. A thicket is so full of bushes that no one can use it for anything. These two metaphors cannot be literally true at the same time, but they emphasize that Yahweh will allow the invaders to completely destroy the temple area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 26 19 qp3q figs-rquestion 0 Did Hezekiah … put him to death? The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. Alternate translation: “You know very well that Hezekiah … did not put him to death.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 26 19 pa6c figs-metonymy 0 all of Judah The land is a metonym for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 26 19 vxq8 0 Did he not fear Yahweh and appease the face of Yahweh … them? The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. Alternate translation: “You know very well that he feared Yahweh and appeased the face of Yahweh so that Yahweh … them.”
JER 26 19 gxw9 figs-synecdoche 0 appease the face of Yahweh The face is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “cause Yahweh to be less angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 26 19 fc9w figs-rquestion 0 So will we do greater evil against our own lives? The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. The word “lives” is a metonym for the people. Alternate translation: “If we kill Jeremiah, we will do greater evil against our own lives.” or “We do not want to do worse things to ourselves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 26 20 dij2 figs-metonymy 0 prophesied against this city and this land The words “city” and “land” are metonyms for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “prophesied that bad things would happen to the people who lived in this city and this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 26 24 d2pc figs-metonymy 0 the hand of Ahikam … was with Jeremiah The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. Ahikam was not a soldier, so he probably was able to talk to people and change their minds. Alternate translation: “Ahikam … was able to help Jeremiah” or “Ahikam … was able to keep the people from harming Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 26 24 y6jk figs-metonymy 0 he was not given into the hand of the people to be put to death The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Ahikam did not allow the people to have the power to put Jeremiah to death” or “the people could not kill Jeremiah because Ahikam did not give them the power to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 27 intro ka54 0 # Jeremiah 27 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The nations should serve Babylon<br><br>Jeremiah told the king of Judah, and all the surrounding nations, to serve the Babylonians and live in their land. If they refused, Babylon would take them as captives to another land.
JER 27 3 ak1w 0 Then send them out This seems to mean that Jeremiah was to send a set of fetters and yoke to each king listed. But some versions of the Bible translate this as “Then send out messages.”
JER 27 3 tkx8 figs-synecdoche 0 Send them by the hand of those kings’ ambassadors who … Judah The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “Have those kings’ ambassadors, who … Judah, take them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 27 4 tqe7 0 Give commands to them for their masters Jeremiah was instructed to give a set of chains and yoke to each ambassador and a message for each king regarding the chains and yoke.
JER 27 4 ujr8 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 27 5 si5k figs-idiom 0 by my great strength and my raised arm The phrase “raised arm” refers to great power and intensifies the first phrase. Alternate translation: “by my very great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 27 5 yla5 0 I give it to anyone who is right in my eyes Another possible meaning is “I give it to anyone I want to.”
JER 27 6 p2p5 figs-metonymy 0 I … am giving all these lands into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar … servant The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises, and the word “lands” is a metonym for the people who live in those lands. Alternate translation: “I … am putting the people who live in all these lands under the power of Nebuchadnezzar … servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 27 7 j598 figs-explicit 0 the time for his land comes You may need to make explicit the nature of the time. Alternate translation: “the time for me to destroy his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 27 7 q3bv figs-metonymy 0 subdue him Here “him” refers to Nebuchadnezzar who represents the kingdom of Babylon. Alternate translation: “will defeat Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 27 8 p98j figs-metaphor 0 that does not put its neck under the yoke of the king Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal on to the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. Alternate translation: “and whose people do not willingly become slaves of the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 27 8 e21c figs-metonymy 0 I have destroyed it by his hand The hand here could be a metonym for Nebuchadnezzar’s power, or it could be a metonym for Nebuchadnezzar’s armies. Alternate translation: “I have used Nebuchadnezzar’s power to destroy it” or “I have enabled Nebuchadnezzar’s armies to destroy i” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 27 11 l1up figs-metaphor 0 the nation that places its neck under the yoke of the king Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal onto the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 27:8](../27/08.md). Alternate translation: “the nation whose people willingly becomes slaves of the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 27 11 hi97 0 the nation that places The nation here is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “the nation of people who place”
JER 27 12 s392 0 Place your necks under the yoke of the king of Babylon Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal onto the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. See how similar words were translated in [Jeremiah 27:8](../27/08.md).
JER 27 12 gls2 figs-you 0 Place your necks The word “your” refers to Zedekiah and the people of Judah and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 27 13 dl31 figs-rquestion 0 Why will you die … king of Babylon? Jeremiah uses this question to warn the king that his actions will lead to his death. Alternate translation: “For if you do not do this, you will surely die … king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 27 15 xb8h figs-metonymy 0 they are prophesying deceit in my name The phrase “in my name” represents speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. Here these prophets claim that they received their message from Yahweh, but that had not. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **deceit**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “deceiving.” Alternate translation: “they say they are speaking for me when they prophesy, but they are deceiving you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 27 16 cbz7 figs-activepassive 0 The objects belonging to Yahweh’s house are being returned from Babylon now! This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People are bringing back all the gold items that they took from Yahweh’s temple!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 27 17 sk8y figs-rquestion 0 Why should this city become a ruin? Yahweh uses a question to warn the people. Alternate translation: “You can keep this city from becoming a ruin if you do what Yahweh wants you to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 27 18 a925 figs-hypo 0 If they are prophets, and if the word of Yahweh has truly come to them, let them beg This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh knows is not true. Alternate translation: “If they were prophets, and if the word of Yahweh had truly come to them, they would beg” or “Because they are not prophets and the word of Yahweh has not truly come to them, they will not beg” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER 27 18 p374 0 if the word of Yahweh has truly come to them The phrase “word of Yahweh” refers to messages from God. Alternate translation: “if Yahweh has truly given them messages” or “if Yahweh truly spoke messages to them”
JER 27 18 tay8 figs-123person 0 the word of Yahweh … beg Yahweh of hosts not Yahweh is speaking of himself in third person. Alternate translation: “my word … be me, Yahweh of hosts, not” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 27 18 ej1m 0 the house of the king of Judah The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace where the king lived. Alternate translation: “the palace of the king of Judah”
JER 27 19 sly4 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 27 19 mv9m 0 the pillars, the large basin known as “The Sea” and its base These were objects that were in the temple. “The Sea” was a large bronze bowl.
JER 27 20 x7ff 0 Jehoiachin The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
JER 27 21 x7vp 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 27 21 trv4 0 the house of the king of Judah The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace there the king lived. Alternate translation: “the palace of the king of Judah”
JER 27 22 s56l figs-activepassive 0 They will be brought to Babylon This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will bring them to Babylon” or “I will bring them to Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 27 22 au73 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 28 intro r9mb 0 # Jeremiah 28 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### False prophecies continue<br><br>A false prophet prophesied that the captives would return from Babylon with all the temple vessels. Jeremiah told the false prophet that he would die that year for prophesying lies, and he did die. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
JER 28 1 eue8 0 General Information: Hananiah claims to speak for God.
JER 28 1 uk8e translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the fourth year and the fifth month This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. This was after Zedekiah had been king for three years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 28 1 i5s1 translate-names 0 Azzur This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 28 2 nwh3 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 28 2 aar4 figs-metaphor 0 I have broken the yoke imposed by the king of Babylon Hananaiah speaks of the people being in slavery as if they were oxen on which the Babylonians had put yokes to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I have made it so you are no longer slaves of the king of Babylon” or “I have set you free from slavery to the king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 28 4 p8wn 0 Jehoiachin The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
JER 28 4 g5wx figs-activepassive 0 who were sent This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom I sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 28 9 v7cm figs-activepassive 0 then it will be known that he is indeed a prophet sent out by Yahweh This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “then you will know that he is indeed a true prophet and that Yahweh has sent him out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 28 11 aj19 figs-metaphor 0 I will break from off the neck of every nation the yoke imposed by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon Hananaiah speaks of the people being in slavery as if they were oxen on which the Babylonians had put yokes to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I will make it so all nations are no longer slaves of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” or “I will set every nation free from slavery to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 28 11 u45s figs-metonymy 0 every nation The word “nation” is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “the people of every nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 28 11 dg28 figs-activepassive 0 the yoke imposed by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the yoke that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has imposed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 28 12 qez4 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 28 13 k1s2 0 You broke a yoke of wood, but I will make instead a yoke of iron Alternate translation: “You broke a weak yoke, but I will replace it with a yoke that you cannot break”
JER 28 14 u3bq 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 28 14 y7rs figs-metaphor 0 I have placed a yoke of iron on the neck of all of these nations to serve Nebuchadnezzar Yahweh speaks of making nations to be slaves of Nebuchadnezzar as if he were putting yokes on oxen to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I have made all of these nations slaves, and they will have to serve Nebuchadnezzar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 28 16 mdf5 figs-123person 0 you proclaimed rebellion against Yahweh It is not clear why Yahweh speaks of himself by name. Alternate translation: “you urged people to rebel against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 28 17 gp9j translate-hebrewmonths 0 In the seventh month This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 29 intro l6ne 0 # Jeremiah 29 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Two letters<br><br>Jeremiah sent a letter to Babylon telling the exiles to prepare for a long stay. A false prophet in Babylon wrote back to the chief priest telling him to punish Jeremiah. Even though Jeremiah had prophesied the exile, the Jews still did not believe him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])
JER 29 2 ici1 0 Jehoiachin The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
JER 29 2 lph9 0 the queen mother the king’s mother
JER 29 3 jx8m figs-synecdoche 0 by the hand of Elasah Jeremiah gave the scroll to Elasah so that Elasah could take it to Babylon. The reader should understand that Elasah probably put the scroll in a container to keep it safe as he traveled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 29 4 wj14 0 Yahweh of hosts, God of Israel, says this to all the captives When people wrote letters in that society, they would write their name first, then the name of the person to whom they were writing, and then the main part of the letter. Yahweh speaks of himself by name as if he were writing the letter himself.
JER 29 4 zdg1 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 29 5 b9h6 figs-explicit 0 Build houses and live in them. Plant gardens and eat their fruit Yahweh is telling them they will be there for a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 29 6 x2ss 0 take wives for your sons, and give your daughters to husbands Parents commonly arranged their children’s marriages.
JER 29 7 e28z figs-metonymy 0 Seek the peace of the city The peace of the city is a metonym for the people living in peace. Alternate translation: “Do everything you can so the people of the city live in peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 29 7 y2ms 0 the city … its behalf … it is at peace These words refer to the city of Babylon.
JER 29 8 ty27 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 29 9 k591 0 they are prophesying deceitfully … I did not send them This could mean: (1) these words refer to the prophets and diviners, not to the dreams or (2) “they are prophesying deceitfully” refers to the dreams, and “I did not send them” refers to the prophets and diviners.
JER 29 9 dl19 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 29 12 t5ie figs-metonymy 0 you will call to me Praying is spoken of as calling out with a loud voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 29 12 chj7 figs-explicit 0 I will listen to you This implies that Yahweh will give them what they want. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 29 13 t4q8 figs-metonymy 0 you will seek me Wanting to know what Yahweh requires is spoken of as trying to find where Yahweh is. Alternate translation: “you will want to do what I require you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 29 13 w17i 0 you will seek me with all your heart Alternate translation: “you will be completely sincere when you seek me”
JER 29 14 wng6 0 I will bring back your fortunes Alternate translation: “I will cause things to go well for you again” or “I will cause you to live well again”
JER 29 14 e84g figs-activepassive 0 I caused you to be exiled This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I sent you into exile” or “I sent you to be exiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 29 16 nxs3 figs-metonymy 0 the king who sits on the throne of David Sitting on the throne is a metonym for ruling as king. Alternate translation: “the king who rules the Israelites as David did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 29 17 v7vj 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 29 17 c4i2 0 See This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention”
JER 29 17 u8ah figs-metonymy 0 I am about to send sword, famine, and disease on them The word “sword” is a metonym for war. The sword, famine, and disease are spoken of as people who can obey Yahweh’s command to harm the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I am going to punish them by having them die in war, from hunger, and from illness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 29 17 u3lc figs-simile 0 For I will make them like rotten figs that are too bad to be eaten Rotten figs are useless because they cannot be eaten, and Yahweh sees no use for the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 29 18 c9s9 0 a horror, an object of curses and hissing, and a shameful thing These words all share similar meanings and describe how the people of other nations will react when they see what Yahweh has done to the people of Judah.
JER 29 18 m2u4 0 hissing the sound people make when they disapprove of something
JER 29 19 xg4e figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 29 20 n6ah 0 So you yourselves listen Yahweh is now about to issue a command and wants them to pay attention. Alternate translation: “But as for you, listen carefully”
JER 29 21 li6x figs-metonymy 0 who prophesy falsely to you in my name Here “name” is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “liars who tell you that they are speaking my words to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 29 21 nlw5 figs-metonymy 0 I am about to put them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon Here “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “I will allow Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon to conquer them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 29 22 bu5e figs-activepassive 0 a curse will be spoken about these persons by all the captives of Judah in Babylon If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the captives of Judah in Babylon will say a curse about these persons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 29 22 d1hq figs-euphemism 0 roasted This word usually refers to cooking food over an open fire or in a pan, not to burning completely. This could mean: (1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “burned to death” or (2) the king’s men attached them to poles over the fire close enough that the fire would slowly kill them but far enough away that it would not totally consume their bodies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER 29 23 siu5 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 29 24 b1e4 translate-names 0 Shemaiah This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 29 25 l5qk 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 29 25 atv3 figs-metonymy 0 in your own name The word “name” refers to a person’s authority and reputation. Alternate translation: “based on your own authority and reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 29 25 p62k translate-names 0 Maaseiah This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 29 26 x2p7 translate-names 0 Jehoiada This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 29 27 p5f5 figs-rquestion 0 why have you not rebuked Jeremiah of Anathoth … against you? Shemaiah uses a rhetorical question to scold the people of Jerusalem for not rebuking Jeremiah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I want you to rebuke Jeremiah of Anathoth … against you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 29 28 v7fm figs-explicit 0 he has sent to us You may need to make explicit what it was that Jeremiah sent. Alternate translation: “he has sent a message to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 29 28 v3zf 0 Build houses and live in them, and plant gardens and eat their fruit See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:5](../29/05.md).
JER 29 29 vih2 0 in the hearing of Jeremiah the prophet “so that Jeremiah the prophet could hear him read it.” See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
JER 29 30 z78k figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 29 31 ysp9 0 Shemaiah the Nehelamite See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 29:24](../29/24.md).
JER 29 32 h1dk figs-nominaladj 0 the good This can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER 29 32 q7ck figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 29 32 bs4i figs-123person 0 he has proclaimed rebellion against Yahweh It is not clear why Yahweh speaks of himself by name. Alternate translation: “he has urged people to rebel against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 30 intro pf1y 0 # Jeremiah 30 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:5-24.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God promises restoration<br><br>Despite the prophesied punishment in this chapter, Yahweh promises to restore Judah. In addition to this, he also declares that he will ultimately restore Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>The author uses the term “Israel” in two different ways. He uses it in reference to the nation of Israel. He also uses it in reference to the people who used to inhabit the northern kingdom of Israel, namely the people group of Israel.
JER 30 1 f64q figs-idiom 0 The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 30 3 iwm1 0 For look “For listen carefully.” This phrase brings attention to what Yahweh is going to say next.
JER 30 3 s2us figs-metaphor 0 days are coming … when I will restore the fortunes Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will restore the fortunes” or “there will be a time … when I will restore the fortunes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 30 3 db1t figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 30 3 xt2s 0 I will restore the fortunes of my people, Israel and Judah “I will cause things to go well for my people, Israel and Judah, again” or “I will cause my people, Israel and Judah, to live well again.” See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
JER 30 4 m5dx writing-poetry 0 General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 30 5 l2xq 0 We have heard This could mean: (1) that these are the words of Yahweh referring to himself as “we.” Alternate translation: “I have heard” or (2) that these are the words of the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “You people of Jerusalem say, ‘We have heard”
JER 30 5 mej1 0 a trembling voice of dread and not of peace This could mean: (1) “people cry out in dread because there is no peace” or (2) “you cry out in dread because there is no peace.”
JER 30 6 t7ik figs-simile 0 Why do I see every young man with his hand on his loins like a woman bearing a child? Why have all their faces become pale? A woman about to give birth is in great pain and unable to do anything. The young men are so frightened that their bodies hurt, and they are unable to fight. Alternate translation: “The young men are holding their bellies like a woman giving birth; they all look sick because they are so afraid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 30 7 uva8 figs-metonymy 0 for Jacob, but he will be rescued from it The name Jacob is a metonym for the man’s descendants. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the descendants of Jacob, but I will rescue them from it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 30 8 h8gt figs-metaphor 0 I will break the yoke off your neck, and I will shatter your chains Being a slave is spoken of as wearing a yoke like an animal and wearing chains like a prisoner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 30 9 zlx4 figs-123person 0 they will worship Yahweh their God … their king … over them Yahweh continues speaking about the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “you will worship Yahweh your God … your king … over you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 30 9 qp76 figs-metonymy 0 David their king This is a metonym for one of David’s descendants. Alternate translation: “a man descended from their King David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 30 10 ff1b figs-metonymy 0 my servant Jacob … Israel “Jacob” and “Israel” are the two names of the ancestor of the Israelites, and these names are metonyms for the Israelites. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob … you Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 30 10 ldb9 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 30 10 t49p figs-abstractnouns 0 from the land of captivity If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **captivity**, you can express the same idea with the noun “captive.” Alternate translation: “from the place where they were captives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 30 10 zir5 figs-metonymy 0 Jacob will return … he will be secure Jacob’s name is a metonym for his descendants. Yahweh speaks to Jacob as if he were speaking to another person. You may need to make explicit to where Jacob will return. Alternate translation: “Jacob will return to his own land … he will be secure” or “The descendants of Jacob will return … they will be secure” or “You descendants of Jacob will return … you will be secure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 30 11 zng1 figs-euphemism 0 But I will certainly not put an end to you “But I will not completely destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER 30 11 r6x7 figs-doublenegatives 0 will certainly not leave you unpunished This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “will certainly punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JER 30 12 fs7f figs-metaphor 0 Your injury is incurable; your wound is infected This means that Yahweh has punished them so severely that there is no one who can help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 30 13 bxy1 figs-metaphor 0 no one to plead your case … no remedy for your wound Yahweh has punished them so severely that there is no one who can help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 30 14 v4ha figs-metaphor 0 All of your lovers Yahweh describes the people of Israel as an unfaithful wife who takes lovers other than her husband. Here “lovers” refers to other nations. The Israelites allied with them and worshiped their gods instead of relying on Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 30 14 rir2 figs-metaphor 0 I have wounded you with the wound of an enemy Yahweh has treated his people like he would treat his enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 30 14 b768 figs-metaphor 0 the discipline of a cruel master Yahweh has treated his people like a cruel master would treat a rebellious slave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 30 15 q12y figs-rquestion 0 Why do you call for help for your injury? Yahweh asks a question here to make the people think about why they are asking him for help now. Alternate translation: “You are calling for help for your injury because you have disobeyed me.” or “Do not call for help for your injury.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 30 16 d7ma figs-metaphor 0 So everyone who consumes you will be consumed Destroying the nation is spoken of as consuming or eating it. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So those who destroy you, their enemies will destroy them” or “So I will destroy everyone who destroys you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 30 17 wi66 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 30 17 bdr3 0 they called you: Outcast An outcast is a person whom other people do not accept or allow to associate with them. Alternate translation: “they called you: Rejected” or “they said, ‘Nobody wants you’”
JER 30 17 sg4l figs-metonymy 0 No one cares for this Zion The place name “Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in Zion. Alternate translation: “No one cares about the people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 30 18 q3jx figs-metonymy 0 I am about to bring back the fortunes of Jacob’s tents and have compassion on his homes The places where people live are metonyms for the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “I am about bring back the fortunes of the descendants of Jacob, and I will have compassion on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 30 18 c7w1 0 I am about to bring back the fortunes of Jacob’s tents “I will cause things to go well for the people in Jacob’s tents again” or “I will cause the people in Jacob’s tents to live well again.” See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
JER 30 18 di2a figs-activepassive 0 Then a city will be built on the heap of ruins This can be translated in active form. You may need to make explicit that the city they will build will be Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Then they will rebuild Jerusalem on its ruins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 30 19 rrl4 0 Then a song of praise and a sound of merriment will go out from them Alternate translation: “Then they will sing songs of praise and joy”
JER 30 19 hbg1 0 for I will increase them and not diminish them Alternate translation: “I will cause them to increase in number, not to become fewer”
JER 30 19 z7qu figs-activepassive 0 so they will not be humbled This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one will humble them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 30 20 tnn9 figs-activepassive 0 their assembly will be established before me This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will establish them as a people before me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 30 21 nyu6 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translates this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 30 23 u8p2 figs-metaphor 0 See, the tempest of Yahweh, his fury, has gone out This speaks of God’s anger and punishment as if it were a storm. This emphasizes his power and ability to destroy wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 30 24 wc7x figs-abstractnouns 0 his heart’s intentions If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **intentions**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “intends.” The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “what he intends to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 31 intro r3ad 0 # Jeremiah 31 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 31:1-6, 8-22, 35-37.<br><br>The ULT sets 31:29 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is an important quotation.<br><br>This chapter begins with a transition from the previous chapter. “At that time” is a reference to the day of restoration mentioned in [Jeremiah 30:24](../../jer/30/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The new covenant<br><br>This chapter is an important teaching regarding the new covenant. God will make a new covenant that will bring forgiveness of sins and a desire to obey God. Scholars disagree about whether this new covenant has begun. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Israel<br>In this chapter, Jeremiah uses the term “Israel” in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole. He also uses it in reference to the northern kingdom of Israel and their people group.
JER 31 1 p3h6 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 31 2 ht7e figs-idiom 0 The people who have survived the sword have found favor in the wilderness The phrase “found favor” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “While the people who have survived the sword have been in the wilderness, I have had grace on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 31 2 ml2j figs-metonymy 0 who have survived the sword The word “sword” is a metonym for war. Alternate translation: “who have survived the war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 31 2 kc9p 0 wilderness; I will go out to give rest to Israel Another possible meaning is “wilderness, where Israel went out to find rest.”
JER 31 3 egs4 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh appeared to me Jeremiah speaks of himself as if he were the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 31 3 rmr8 figs-abstractnouns 0 I have drawn you toward myself with covenant faithfulness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “I have been faithful to my covenant and brought you near to me” or “I have faithfully loved you and brought you near to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 31 4 bv1q figs-activepassive 0 I will build you up again so you will be built Yahweh purposefully repeats the idea that he will build Israel to emphasize it. If your language can only use active verbs and has some other way to emphasize the idea, you may want to use it here. Alternate translation: “I will build you up again. Remember this: I will build you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 31 4 bt11 figs-personification 0 virgin Israel It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. However, “virgin” makes a person think about a young woman who has never married and so has never had the opportunity to be faithless to her husband. Therefore, calling Israel a virgin is an ironic use of language. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:13](../18/13.md). Alternate translation: “Israel, who falsely pretends to be fully devoted to me” or “my faithless people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER 31 4 v1aw translate-unknown 0 tambourines musical instruments with heads like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JER 31 7 n6rl figs-apostrophe 0 Shout … Shout … Let praise be heard … Say Yahweh is speaking in an apostrophe to all people of the world, so these verbs are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JER 31 7 g2zs 0 the chief people of the nations Alternate translation: “the most important people group of all the nations” or “the people group that is more important than any other”
JER 31 7 hu9h figs-activepassive 0 Let praise be heard This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Cause everyone to hear your praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 31 9 ai7p 0 I will lead them as they make their pleas Yahweh will lead them and they will be praying to Yahweh. Some ancient versions read, “Yahweh will lead them and will comfort them.”
JER 31 9 v75t figs-metaphor 0 I will be a father to Israel, and Ephraim will be my firstborn Here “Ephraim” is another name for “Israel.” Alternate translation: “I will be like a father to the people of Israel, and they will be like my firstborn child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 31 10 n8v4 figs-pronouns 0 Hear … Report Yahweh is speaking to the nations, so these verbs are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JER 31 10 dc3t figs-pronouns 0 The one who scattered Israel is gathering her up and keeping her Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were someone else, and he speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a helpless woman. Alternate translation: “I caused my people Israel to be scattered among the nations, but now I am bringing them home and keeping them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 31 10 pyt3 figs-simile 0 as a shepherd keeps his sheep A shepherd cares for and protects his sheep, and Yahweh is promising to care for and protect the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 31 11 t3xt figs-parallelism 0 For Yahweh has ransomed Jacob and has redeemed him from the hand that was too strong for him These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that it is Yahweh who has rescued the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh has rescued the people of Israel from their enemy who was too strong for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 31 12 x6vs figs-metaphor 0 on the heights of Zion “on Zion, the high place” or “on Mount Zion.” Being on top of a hill is a metaphor for being happy. If your language associates mountain tops with sadness, it would be best to leave out the metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 31 12 s2y2 figs-simile 0 like a watered garden This means they will be strong and healthy, and they will prosper. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 31 12 d4iw figs-hyperbole 0 they will never again feel any more sorrow The world “never” is a generalization. The Israelites will almost always feel joy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 31 13 f4jc 0 I will change their mourning into celebration The abstract nouns “mourning” and “celebration” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to mourn no longer but instead to celebrate” or “I will make it so they are no longer sad but happy”
JER 31 14 v9rm figs-abstractnouns 0 I will saturate the lives of the priests in abundance If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **abundance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “many good things.” The lives of the priests are spoken of as if they were a field that would become completely wet when much rain falls on it. Life is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “I will give the priests all the good things they would like” or “I will satisfy the priests with good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 31 14 yp3m figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 31 15 gfw6 figs-activepassive 0 A voice is heard in Ramah This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I hear a voice in Ramah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 31 15 qr6k figs-metonymy 0 It is Rachel weeping for her children Rachel was the wife of Jacob/Israel and was the mother of the tribes of Joseph and Benjamin. Her name is a metonym for the women of Israel who are crying because the Babylonians have killed their children or taken them away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 31 15 iel2 figs-activepassive 0 She refuses to be comforted over them, for they live no longer This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “She will not let anyone comfort her, for her children are dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 31 16 sw6x figs-personification 0 Hold your voice back from weeping and your eyes from tears The voice and eyes are spoken of as if they were people whom Rachel needed to keep from moving. Alternate translation: “Stop weeping aloud and stop crying tears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 31 16 m4pv figs-you 0 Hold your voice … your eyes … your work … your children Yahweh is speaking to the Israelites as if he were speaking to Rachel ([Jeremiah 31:15](../31/15.md)), so all instances of “your” and the commands are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER 31 16 n1bx figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration In both instances of this phrase, Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 31 17 v8ly figs-you 0 your future … your descendants Yahweh is speaking to the Israelites as if he were speaking to Rachel ([Jeremiah 31:15](../31/15.md)), so all instances of “your” and the commands are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER 31 18 we7q figs-metonymy 0 I have certainly heard Ephraim sorrowing Ephraim was the ancestor of the largest tribe in Israel. His name is a metonym for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “I have certainly heard the descendants of Ephraim sorrowing” or “I have certainly heard the people of Israel sorrowing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 31 18 mfd1 figs-parallelism 0 You punished me, and I have been punished The speaker repeats the phrase to show either that Yahweh punished him severely or that Ephraim learned what Yahweh wanted to teach him through punishing him. The words “I have been punished” can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You punished me. Yes, you punished me severely” or “You punished me, and I learned from you when you punished me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 31 18 s9qf figs-simile 0 I have been punished like an untrained calf When people train calves, they strike them and otherwise cause them to suffer. Yahweh had caused the people of Israel to suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 31 18 pay9 0 punished Another possible meaning is “disciplined.”
JER 31 19 ip4s figs-idiom 0 I slapped my thigh in grief. If people use a different phrase or action in your language to show that they are very sad, you may want to use it here. Alternate translation: “I rubbed my brow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 31 19 p5xj figs-doublet 0 I was ashamed and humiliated The words “ashamed” and “humiliated” mean basically the same thing and intensify the idea of shame. Alternate translation: “I was completely ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 31 20 lm82 figs-rquestion 0 Is not Ephraim my precious child? Is he not my dear, delightful son? Yahweh is speaking tenderly, trying to comfort the people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind these questionsas statements. Alternate translation: “Ephraim is my precious child. He is my dear, delightful son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 31 20 y1a8 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 31 21 t8m8 figs-pronouns 0 Place road signs for yourself … Set up guideposts for yourself … Set your mind … you should take … Come back These commands and instances of “yourself” and “your” and “you” are addressed to “virgin Israel” and so are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JER 31 22 w4vz figs-rquestion 0 How long will you waver, faithless daughter? Yahweh is telling his people that he is becoming impatient with them because they are not obeying him. Alternate translation: “Do not hesitate to start obeying me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 31 22 ix8p figs-metaphor 0 waver This could mean: (1) be unable to decide what to do or (2) often go off the correct path, a metaphor for disobeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 31 22 gt15 figs-idiom 0 new on earth—a woman surrounds a strong man This could mean: (1) the people will be so safe that women will not need anyone to protect them or (2) this is an idiom for something no one would ever expect. Alternate translation: “new on earth—something as strange as a woman protecting a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 31 23 i697 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 31 23 v46w figs-apostrophe 0 May Yahweh bless you, you righteous place where he lives, you holy mountain Jerusalem is on the top of a hill, and the temple was built at the highest point in Jerusalem. AT; “May Yahweh bless those who live in Jerusalem with Yahweh, where his temple is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 31 24 w96e figs-metonymy 0 Judah and all its cities will live together there The name of the man Judah is a metonym for the land on which his descendants, the people of the tribe of Judah, live, and the cities of Judah are spoken of as if they were the family of the man Judah, all of them living “there,” in the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “it will be as if the land were a house in which Judah lived with his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 31 24 r4wa 0 as will farmers and those who set out with flocks Alternate translation: “and farmers and those who set out with flocks will also live there”
JER 31 27 hzy4 figs-metaphor 0 days are coming … when I will sow Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will sow” or “there will be a time … when I will sow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 31 27 u22q figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 31 27 h4zz figs-metonymy 0 I will sow the houses of Israel and Judah with the descendants of man and beast The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the people of Israel and the people of Judah. The house in turn is spoken of as if it were a field in which Yahweh would sow seed, and the people and the animals they raise for food, milk, and skins are spoken of as if they are that seed. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Israel and Judah to become many people with many animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 31 28 ha61 figs-metaphor 0 in order to build them up and to plant them Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a house or a food crop. Alternate translation: “in order to make them strong and many” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 31 29 h14f writing-proverbs 0 Fathers have eaten sour grapes, but the children’s teeth are dulled These words are a proverb that Jeremiah heard people say when they were complaining that Yahweh was punishing children for the sins of their fathers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
JER 31 29 cx2i 0 sour grapes This could mean: (1) grapes with too much acid in them or (2) grapes that are not ripe. If grapes are not part of your culture, you may want to use a general word for fruit.
JER 31 30 pl7f writing-proverbs 0 everyone who eats sour grapes, his teeth will be dulled Jeremiah restates the proverb so that it now means people will suffer as a consequence of their own behaviors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
JER 31 31 kz1m figs-metaphor 0 days are coming … when I will establish Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will establish” or “there will be a time … when I will establish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 31 31 wtb3 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 31 31 d1xu figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 31 31 q554 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 31 32 nqk6 figs-metaphor 0 I took them by their hand as a loving husband would hold the hand of his wife as they walk (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 31 33 j6dq figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 31 33 bkt8 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 31 33 bf4z figs-parallelism 0 I will place my law within them and will write it on their heart These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh’s law will become a part of them, rather than merely written on stone. Here “heart” represents “emotions” or “mind.” Alternate translation: “My law will be part of their thoughts and emotions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 31 34 qvg2 figs-merism 0 from the smallest of them to the greatest This phrase refers to every person, from the least important to the most important. Alternate translation: “every single one of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER 31 36 l19t figs-hypo 0 Only if these permanent things vanish … will Israel’s descendants ever stop from forever being a nation This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh never expects to truly happen. Alternate translation: “These permanent things will never vanish … and Israel’s descendants will never stop from forever being a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER 31 36 rfl3 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 31 37 z5ud figs-hypo 0 Only if the highest heavens can be measured, and only if the earth’s foundation below can be discovered, will I reject all of Israel’s descendants This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh never expects to truly happen. Alternate translation: “The highest heavens can never be measured, and the earth’s foundation below can never be discovered, and I will never reject all of Israel’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER 31 37 yx41 figs-merism 0 the highest heavens … earth’s foundation These phrases refer to the whole of creation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER 31 37 ejs7 figs-activepassive 0 the earth’s foundation below can be discovered This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone can dig all the way down to the earth’s foundation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 31 37 p28t 0 foundation below “deepest part.” The “foundation” is the part of a house on which every other part rests.
JER 31 37 j9cp figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 31 38 s6ck figs-metaphor 0 days are coming … when the city will be rebuilt Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … the city will be rebuilt” or “there will be a time … when the city will be rebuilt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 31 38 nfv8 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 31 38 g1l1 figs-activepassive 0 the city will be rebuilt for me This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will rebuild the city for me” or “I will have them rebuild the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 31 38 nd1w translate-names 0 Tower of Hananel … Corner Gate These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 31 39 pz74 translate-names 0 hill of Gareb … Goah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 31 40 bf2f figs-activepassive 0 The whole valley … will be set apart for Yahweh This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “They will set apart the whole valley … for me” or “I will have them make the whole valley … holy for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 31 40 z7hx translate-names 0 Kidron Valley … Horse Gate These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 31 40 gu9q figs-metaphor 0 The city will not be pulled up or overthrown again The city is spoken of as if it were a plant that someone could pull out of the ground or a building that someone could break down. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not allow anyone to pull up or overthrow the city again” or “No one will tear the city down or destroy it again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 32 intro vcw6 0 # Jeremiah 32 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>The king should have listened to the prophet Jeremiah and repented of his sin. Instead, he objected to his message. Yahweh punished him because of this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>### Israel<br>The term “Israel” is used exclusively in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole in this chapter.
JER 32 1 xs6y figs-idiom 0 This is the word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:2](../01/02.md) Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 32 1 mul1 0 in the tenth year of Zedekiah king of Judah, the eighteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar Alternate translation: “after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for more than nine years and Nebuchadnezzar had been king for more than seventeen years”
JER 32 2 nkx2 figs-activepassive 0 Jeremiah the prophet was imprisoned This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they were keeping Jeremiah as a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 32 2 fp96 figs-123person 0 Jeremiah the prophet was imprisoned It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 32 2 ke5d 0 the courtyard of the guard at the house of the king of Judah This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners.
JER 32 3 ih69 figs-metonymy 0 Zedekiah king of Judah had imprisoned him It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Zedekiah do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 3 p2a2 figs-123person 0 had imprisoned him Here “him” refers to Jeremiah. It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 32 3 x9qt figs-rquestion 0 Why do you prophesy and say Zekekiah uses a question to rebuke Jeremiah. Alternate translation: “It is wrong for you to continue prophesying and saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 32 3 sd28 figs-metaphor 0 I am about to give over this city into the hand of the king of Babylon Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a small object that one person could give to another. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “I am about to put this city under the control of the king of Babylon” or “I am about to allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 3 r41w 0 he will capture it It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people would help the king of Babylon take control of the city.
JER 32 4 ymp7 figs-metonymy 0 he will certainly be given into the hand of the king of Babylon The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will certainly put him under the control of the king of Babylon” or “I will certainly allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 32 4 jf8a figs-synecdoche 0 His mouth will speak to the king’s mouth, and his eyes will see the king’s eyes Here “mouth” and “eyes” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “Zedekiah himself will see and directly speak with Nebuchadnezzar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 32 5 h4hy figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 32 5 q8rv figs-you 0 you fight Here “you” is plural and refers to the people in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 32 6 bkt2 figs-123person 0 Jeremiah said It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 32 6 js77 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said, ‘Look” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me: ‘Look” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 32 7 d1sv figs-quotations 0 ‘Look, Hanamel son of Shallum your uncle is coming to you and will say, “Buy my field that is in Anathoth for yourself, for the right to buy it belongs to you.”’” The long quotation that begins with the words “The word of Yahweh” in verse 6 ends here. You may translate this as indirect speech. Alternate translation: “Jeremiah said that the word of Yahweh had come to him and told him that Hanamel son of Shallum his uncle was coming to him and would tell him to buy his uncle’s field that was in Anathoth for himself, for the right to buy it belonged to Jeremiah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JER 32 7 ane1 translate-names 0 Anathoth This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 32 8 t71a 0 the courtyard of the guard This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER 32 9 f1zz translate-bmoney 0 seventeen shekels A shekel is 11 grams. Alternate translation: “17 shekels” or “187 grams” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JER 32 10 yj4l 0 in a scroll and sealed it, and had witnesses witness it This refers to the deed that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm that Jeremiah had purchased this land.
JER 32 10 mbq3 0 had witnesses witness it Alternate translation: “had people watch me purchase the land so they could tell others that I had purchased the land”
JER 32 11 npr2 figs-activepassive 0 that was sealed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I sealed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 32 12 f3bq 0 the courtyard of the guard The open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER 32 13 i63i 0 before them Here “them” refers to Hanamel, the witnesses, and the Judeans.
JER 32 14 la2y 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 32 15 g6gc figs-activepassive 0 Houses, fields, and vineyards will again be bought in this land This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel will buy houses, vineyards and fields again in this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 32 17 xs6m writing-background 0 Woe, Lord Yahweh! Look! The word “woe” here indicates that in this prayer Jeremiah is sad, complaining or lamenting. The word “look” here indicates that the next words are an introduction or background for the most important part of the prayer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER 32 17 r8xl figs-metonymy 0 by your great strength and with your raised arm The phrase “raised arm” is a metonym for the strength of the arm, so the words “your great strength” and “your raised arm” form a doublet. Alternate translation: “by your great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 32 18 zsm3 figs-abstractnouns 0 You show covenant faithfulness to thousands If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “You are faithful to your covenant towards thousands” or “You keep your promise and faithfully love thousands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 32 18 cd54 figs-metonymy 0 pour the guilt of men into the laps of their children after them The word “guilt” is a metonym for Yahweh punishing people because they are guilty of doing evil things. Yahweh punishing people is spoken of as if he were pouring a large container full of liquid or small objects into people’s laps as they sit. Alternate translation: “you punish children for the sins of their parents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 32 19 zh7i figs-metonymy 0 for your eyes are open to all the ways of people Open eyes are a metonym for what the person sees. How a person lives is spoken of as if he were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “You see everything that people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 32 19 jhc8 figs-abstractnouns 0 to give to each man what his conduct and deeds deserve The abstract nouns “conduct” and “deeds,” which are similar in meaning, can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and will reward everyone according to how good or evil the things they do are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 32 20 ff83 0 You did signs and wonders in the land of Egypt This refers to an event in the past when God used his power to free the people of Israel from slavery in Egypt.
JER 32 20 nuz1 figs-metonymy 0 you have made your name famous Here “name” refers to God’s reputation. Alternate translation: “you have made yourself famous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 21 yz8j figs-metonymy 0 with a strong hand, with a raised arm The phrase “strong hand” is a metonym for strength, and the phrase “raised arm” is a metonym for the strength of the arm, so the phrases “strong hand” and “raised arm” form a doublet. Alternate translation: “by your great strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 32 22 m6c3 figs-metaphor 0 land flowing with milk and honey “land where milk and honey flow.” God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 11:5](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 23 j41s figs-metonymy 0 But they did not obey your voice The voice is a metonym for the message the speaker gives. Alternate translation: “But they did not obey what you said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 24 r8nr figs-metaphor 0 The siege mounds have reached up to the city to capture it The large piles of dirt and rocks that the enemy built around the city so they could stand on them and attack it are spoken of as if they were the attackers themselves reaching out to capture the city. Alternate translation: “The enemy’s seige mounds are so close to the city that the enemy will be able to capture the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 32 24 y1cb figs-metonymy 0 because of sword The word “sword” is a metonym for war, where soldiers use swords. Alternate translation: “because soldiers will attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 24 b3n7 figs-abstractnouns 0 famine, and plague These abstract nouns can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “people have no food to eat, and everyone is weak from being ill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 32 24 p2wr figs-metonymy 0 the city has been given into the hand of the Chaldeans Here “hand” means power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have given Jerusalem to the Chaldean army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 32 24 l673 0 happening, and see, you are watching Alternate translation: “happening, as you can see very well”
JER 32 25 v7a7 0 have witnesses witness it Alternate translation: “have people watch you purchase the land so they can tell others that you have purchased the land”
JER 32 25 fl8j figs-activepassive 0 this city is being given This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am giving this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 32 26 m8wk figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 32 26 m9gx figs-123person 0 came to Jeremiah It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 32 27 v6cp figs-rquestion 0 Is anything too difficult for me to do? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he can do anything. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Nothing is too difficult for me to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 32 28 fb9t figs-metonymy 0 give this city into the hand of the Chaldeans Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a small object that he could put into a person’s hand. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand puts into action. Alternate translation: “put this city under the power of the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 30 r5j3 figs-metonymy 0 doing evil before my eyes Here the metonym “eyes” represents what God sees. This could mean: (1) “doing what I consider evil” or (2) “doing evil knowing that I am watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 30 e1kb figs-metaphor 0 since their youth A person being young is a metaphor for the people of Israel first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: “from the time they were young” or “from the time that they became a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 32 30 qwp4 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 32 31 u2mt figs-metonymy 0 this city has been a provocation of my wrath and fury since the day that they built it Here “city” is a metonym for the people that live there. The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem have made me very angry since the day they built their city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 32 31 bcj1 figs-abstractnouns 0 has been a provocation of If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **provocation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “has been something that has provoked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 32 31 hn3i figs-personification 0 from before my face The face is a metonym for the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “from my presence” or “completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 33 tx7l translate-symaction 0 They turned their backs to me instead of their faces One turns one’s face to someone to show that one is listening, and one’s back to show that one refuses to listen. Alternate translation: “Instead of listening carefully to me, they refused to listen at all” or “They refused to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 32 34 jn46 figs-activepassive 0 the house that is called by my name Here “name” represents Yahweh. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the house that belongs to me” or “the building in which they worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 35 x89j figs-metonymy 0 It never entered my mind Here “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “I never thought at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 36 y1ua figs-you 0 which you are saying Here “you” is plural. This could mean: (1) this refers to Jeremiah and those with him, or (2) it refers to all the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 32 36 ag2w figs-metonymy 0 It is given into the hand of the king of Babylon Here “hand” means power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given it to the king of Babylon” or “Yahweh has given the king of Babylon the power to rule it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 32 37 d9i7 figs-doublet 0 wrath, fury, and great anger All three words mean the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. Alternate translation: “extreme anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 32 39 q5cb figs-metonymy 0 one heart and one way to honor me The people of Israel will want to work together to honor Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 40 w44d figs-metaphor 0 I will set honor for me in their hearts Honor is spoken of as if it were a solid object put in a container from which no one can remove it. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to always honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 32 41 diu3 0 doing good to them Here “them” refers to the people of Israel.
JER 32 41 rwm9 figs-metaphor 0 I will faithfully plant them in this land Yahweh speaks of having his people live in the land forever as if he were planting plants in a garden. Alternate translation: “I will permanently settle the Israelites in this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 32 41 j5ie figs-doublet 0 with all my heart and all my life Together, these two phrases form an idiomatic expression that refers to a person’s entire being. Alternate translation: “with all that I am” or “wholeheartedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 32 42 sj3m 0 I have brought all this great disaster on this people, so I will bring on them all the good things Alternate translation: “I have caused all these bad things to happen to this people, and now I will cause the good things to happen to them”
JER 32 43 qct6 figs-activepassive 0 Then fields will be bought in this land This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then people will buy fields in this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 32 43 s9q4 figs-you 0 you are saying Here “you” refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 32 43 mhj8 figs-metonymy 0 It has been given into the hand of the Chaldeans Here “hand” is a metonym for power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given it to the Chaldeans” or “Yahweh has given the Chaldeans power over it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 32 44 ytf6 0 write in sealed scrolls. They will assemble witnesses The “sealed scrolls” are the deeds that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm the purchase.
JER 32 44 tg5c figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 33 intro vtz5 0 # Jeremiah 33 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Covenant faithfulness<br>Despite the great punishment Judah is facing and Israel has undergone, there is hope. This hope is based in the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh. Ultimately, he will restore his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])
JER 33 1 rj9y figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah a second time, while he was … guard, saying, The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah a second time, while Jeremiah was … guard. He said,” or “While Jeremiah was … guard, Yahweh spoke this second message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 33 1 wa3r figs-123person 0 came to Jeremiah It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 33 1 fe41 0 the courtyard of the guard This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER 33 4 g9p1 figs-activepassive 0 that are torn down because of the siege ramps and the sword This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) the people tore the houses down to make walls to defend against the Chaldeans. Alternate translation: “that the people have torn down to defend against the siege ramps and the sword” or (2) Alternate translation: “the houses that the Chaldeans have torn down to make siege ramps so they can make war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 33 4 u2ec figs-metonymy 0 the sword This is a metonym for people dying violently when soldiers kill with swords. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 33 5 lp8r figs-doublet 0 in my wrath and fury The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: “in my extreme wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 33 5 czm7 figs-synecdoche 0 I hide my face Yahweh is represented by his “face.” This phrase shows Yahweh’s displeasure with the city. Alternate translation: “I have turned away from you” or “I am no longer concerned with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 33 7 z3sl 0 I will bring back the fortunes of Judah and Israel “I will cause things to go well for Judah and Israel again” or “I will cause Judah and Israel to live well again.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
JER 33 9 l5i7 figs-metonymy 0 this city … do for it … give to it The city is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “the people who live in this city … do for the people who live there … give to the people who live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 33 9 t8ug figs-metonymy 0 a song of praise and honor for all the nations of the earth The word “song” is a metonym for the object about which people will sing the song. Alternate translation: “something about which all the people groups of the earth will sing songs of praise and honor to me, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 33 9 l75s figs-hendiadys 0 they will fear and tremble The hendiadys “fear and tremble” can be translated by a single verb. Alternate translation: “they will tremble with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
JER 33 9 i3fz 0 fear Another possible meaning is “awe.”
JER 33 9 vmq7 figs-abstractnouns 0 because of all the good things and the peace that I will give to it If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **peace**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because of all the good things that I will give to it and because I will cause it to be peaceful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 33 10 k7wb figs-parallelism 0 It is desolate, a place with neither man nor beast,” in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem that are desolate having neither man nor beast These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that Judah has become desolate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 33 11 pi42 figs-metonymy 0 I will restore the fortunes of the land The word “land” is a metonym for the people who live on the land. Alternate translation: “I will again cause things to go well for the people who live on the land” or “I will cause the people who live on the land to live well again” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 33 11 cg2k figs-explicit 0 to what they were before This refers to the time before the exile to Babylon. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “to what they were before I sent the Israelites into exile in Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 33 12 aqm5 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 33 13 w446 figs-explicit 0 the flocks will again pass under the hands of the ones counting them This refers to the practice of a shepherd counting and inspecting his sheep as the sheep walked under his hand. Alternate translation: “shepherds will again count their sheep as the sheep walk by” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 33 14 rc5u figs-metaphor 0 Days are coming … when I will do Future time is spoken of as if the “Days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “In the future … I will do” or “There will be a time … when I will do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 33 14 jj5h figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 33 14 ed3q figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 33 14 r2n7 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 33 14 fsd5 figs-metonymy 0 Judah This is a metonym for the people who live in Judah. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 33 15 y4wd figs-doublet 0 In those days and in that time The phrase “in that time” means the same thing as, and intensifies the phrase “In those days.” Alternate translation: “In those very days” or “At that very time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 33 15 hd8c figs-metaphor 0 I will make a righteous branch to grow for David Yahweh speaks of a descendant of David as if he were a branch off of a tree trunk. Alternate translation: “I will cause a righteous man to come from and bring glory to the line of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 33 16 yng7 figs-metonymy 0 Judah … Jerusalem These towns’ names are metonyms for the people who live in the towns. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah … the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 33 16 sr7d figs-activepassive 0 Judah will be saved This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will save Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 33 16 x44h figs-metaphor 0 this is what she will be called Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as if the town were a woman. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “this is what they will call her” or “this is what I will call the town” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 33 17 d7da 0 A man from David’s line a male descendant of King David
JER 33 17 pqu6 figs-metonymy 0 to sit on the throne of the house of Israel The throne is a metonym for the king. Alternate translation: “to be king over the house of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 33 17 eml3 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 33 18 g9nx 0 nor will a man from the Levitical priests be lacking before me to raise burnt offerings Alternate translation: “and there will always be a man from the Levitical priests to raise burnt offerings”
JER 33 19 w4dw figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 33 19 j1gw figs-123person 0 to Jeremiah It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 33 20 s39s figs-123person 0 Yahweh says Yahweh is speaking of himself here. Alternate translation: “I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 33 20 f1mt figs-hypo 0 If you can break … proper times These words begin a hypothetical statement that describe a situation that will never occur. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER 33 21 u6sr figs-hypo 0 then you will be able to break my covenant with David my servant The hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If you can break my covenant … times,” in verse 20 ends here. No one can change day and night, and no one can change God’s covenant with David. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot break my covenant … times, so you know that you will never be able to break my covenant with David my servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER 33 21 x13t figs-metonymy 0 to sit on his throne The throne is a metonym for the king who sits on the throne. Alternate translation: “to rule the kingdom I have given to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 33 22 xip8 figs-simile 0 As the hosts of heaven cannot be counted, and as the sand of the seashores cannot be measured, so I will increase the descendants of David my servant and the Levites who serve before me No one can count the stars in the sky or the sand on the seashore, and no one will be able to count the descendants of David and Levi who serve Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 33 23 ufu8 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 33 23 liq9 figs-123person 0 to Jeremiah It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 33 24 wv8q figs-rquestion 0 Have you not considered what this people has declared when they said, ‘The … them’? Yahweh wants Jeremiah to think deeply about what the people have said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have noticed what this people are really saying when they said, ‘The … them.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 33 24 k7ki 0 In this way they despise my people, saying … sight Alternate translation: “What they are really saying is that my people are worthless and that my people will never again be a nation.”
JER 33 24 yua9 figs-metonymy 0 my people … are no longer a nation in their sight Sight is a metonym for thinking. Alternate translation: “they no longer think of my people as a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 33 25 j74f figs-hypo 0 If I have not established … and if I have not fixed This is the beginning of a hypothetical statement that describes a situation that Yahweh never expects to be true.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER 33 26 x6zy figs-hypo 0 The hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If I have not established the covenant” in verse 25 ends here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER 33 26 w9mt figs-hypo 0 then I will reject … and not bring The hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If I have not established the covenant” in verse 25 ends here. This is a situation that Yahweh never expects to be true. Alternate translation: “I have established the covenant … so I will never reject … and I will bring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER 33 26 z156 0 I will restore their fortunes “I will cause things to go well for them again” or “I will cause them to live well again” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
JER 33 26 e4m9 0 show mercy to Translate as “have compassion on” is translated in ([Jeremiah 30:18](../30/18.md)).
JER 34 intro vkt9 0 # Jeremiah 34 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Law of Moses<br>According to the law of Moses, the people were required to free their indebted slaves after a period of time. The king led them in freeing their fellow Israelites whom they held as slaves, but later they changed their minds and enslaved them again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Actions with cultural meaning<br><br>When the people of Israel made a sacred promise to God, they cut a calf in two and passed between its parts. It was a very serious sin not to do what one had promised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 34 1 z8xz figs-idiom 0 The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, when Nebuchadnezzar … her cities, saying: This idiom “The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah when Nebuchadnezzar … her cities. He said,” or “When Nebuchadnezzar … her cities, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 34 1 d4fn figs-123person 0 to Jeremiah It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name in this chapter. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 34 2 b3et figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of the king of Babylon Here the word “hand” is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “under the control of the king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 34 3 x3cf figs-metonymy 0 You will not escape from his hand Here the word “hand” is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “You will not escape from his control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 34 3 w4mj figs-activepassive 0 you will certainly be seized and given This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonians will certainly seize you and give you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 34 4 uht1 figs-metonymy 0 You will not die by the sword. The word “sword” is a metonym for dying in war. Alternate translation: “You will not die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 34 5 xn8v 0 the funeral burning of your ancestors The people would burn spices in honor of people who had recently died. They did not burn the dead people’s bodies.
JER 34 5 x2la figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 34 7 r9p7 0 These cities of Judah remained as fortified cities Alternate translation: “the only fortified cities of Judah that the Babylonians had not yet captured”
JER 34 8 r2u9 figs-idiom 0 The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. However, the actual message does not begin until [Jeremiah 34:12](./12.md). See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke a message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 34 8 us2n writing-background 0 after King Zedekiah had made a covenant … freedom to them These words begin to provide background information to events that will be described later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER 34 9 ka4p writing-background 0 that each man … his brother The background information that begins with the words “after King Zedekiah had made a covenant” in verse 8 ends here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER 34 10 l3j5 0 Connecting Statement: Jeremiah continues giving the background information that began in [Jeremiah 34:8](../34/08.md).
JER 34 12 jbq2 0 Connecting Statement: Jeremiah resumes the story from [Jeremiah 34:8](../34/08.md) after the background information of [Jeremiah 34:8](../34/08.md)-[Jeremiah 11](./10.md).
JER 34 12 pf6k figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Yahweh” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah: ‘Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 34 13 b8wy figs-idiom 0 house of slavery This is an idiom. “place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 34 14 x834 0 each man must send away his brother, his fellow Hebrew who had sold himself to you and served you Alternate translation: “each of you must free any fellow Hebrews who sold themselves to you and have been your slaves”
JER 34 14 jnm6 0 Send him away in freedom Alternate translation: “You must let them be free from serving you”
JER 34 14 gs8l figs-metonymy 0 did not … incline their ears to me To incline the ear, to lean the head toward the speaker so as to hear better, is a metonym for paying attention to what the speaker is saying. Alternate translation: “did not … pay attention to what I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 34 15 ryr7 0 Now you yourselves repented Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JER 34 15 re32 figs-metonymy 0 right in my eyes “Eyes” here is a metonym for someone’s opinion or idea. Alternate translation: “what I consider to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 34 15 x4yg figs-activepassive 0 the house that is called by my name This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the house that belongs to me” or “the building in which they worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 34 16 r5d6 figs-metonymy 0 turned and polluted my name A person’s name is a metonym for what people think of him. Alternate translation: “stopped doing what was right and did evil things that have made people think that I am evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 34 17 b72s figs-irony 0 I am about to proclaim freedom to you … freedom for the sword, the plague, and famine Jeremiah uses irony to say that the “freedom” the people will enjoy will actually be suffering. Alternate translation: “I will proclaim misery to you … misery from the sword, the plague, and famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER 34 17 n2mw figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 34 17 vx6q figs-metonymy 0 sword This is a metonym for soldiers who carry swords. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers to kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 34 17 eyz6 figs-metaphor 0 am going to make you a horrible thing in the sight of every kingdom on earth Here “sight” represents judgment or evaluation. The word “kingdom” is a metonym for the people who live in the kingdom. Alternate translation: “I am going to make the people in every kingdom on earth think that you are horrible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 34 18 r9sg writing-background 0 when they cut a bull … walked between its parts These words begin to describe how the people established the covenant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER 34 19 lhx2 writing-background 0 and then the leaders … walked between the parts of the bull The description of how the people established the covenant that began with the words “when they cut” in verse 18 ends here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER 34 20 xu7g figs-metonymy 0 I will give them into the hand of their enemies The word “hand” here is a metonym for the power or control that the enemies will exercise using their hands. AT; “I will allow their enemies to have complete control over them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 34 20 gan7 figs-euphemism 0 seeking their lives This is a polite way to say that they wanted to kill them. Alternate translation: “seeking to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER 34 20 sjp1 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of their enemies Here the word “hands” represents control. Alternate translation: “to be conquered by their enemies” or “over to the control of their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 35 intro jt1x 0 # Jeremiah 35 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The Rechabites<br><br>The actions of the Rechabites contrasted with the actions of the Jews. The Rechabites obeyed the commands their ancestor had give while living in Canaan, but Judah did not obey Yahweh’s commands. Because the Rechabites were obedient, Yahweh preserved their clan. The Rechabites’ history is found in the book of Judges.
JER 35 1 pt2v figs-idiom 0 The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh in the days … of Judah, saying, The idiom “The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah in the days … of Judah. He said,” or “In the days … of Judah, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 35 1 x1f1 figs-123person 0 to Jeremiah It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 35 2 t4d9 translate-names 0 Rekabites This is a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 35 7 ah95 0 live many days in the land “live many years in the land.” “Days” refers to the span of time.
JER 35 8 ki9k figs-metonymy 0 the voice of Jonadab The word “voice” is a metonym for the command that Jonadab spoke. Alternate translation: “the command of Jonadab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 35 8 zh8r 0 all of our days “as long as we live.” “Days” refers to the span of time.
JER 35 12 icr4 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Yahweh” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah: ‘Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 35 12 lq6r figs-123person 0 to Jeremiah It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 35 13 ba4f 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 35 13 z2wy figs-rquestion 0 Will you not receive correction and listen to my words? Yahweh is telling Israel to listen carefully to his rebuke. Alternate translation: “You must certainly receive this correction and listen to my words.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 35 13 s8s7 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 35 14 k1yp figs-activepassive 0 The words of Jonadab son of Rekab that he gave to his sons as a command, not to drink any wine, have been observed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The sons of Jonadab son of Rekab have observed their father’s command to not drink wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 35 15 k88i figs-metaphor 0 let no one walk any longer after other gods Walking after a god is a metaphor for obeying the laws of that god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 35 17 xqh5 0 Look This word tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows.
JER 35 18 a9b9 figs-123person 0 Jeremiah said It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 35 18 ijd5 0 Rekabites This is the name of the people group. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 35:2](../35/02.md).
JER 35 18 i21g 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 36 intro f643 0 # Jeremiah 36 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Opposition to Jeremiah<br><br>Jeremiah wrote God’s prophesies on a scroll but the king burned it. It is possible that this action was intended to be understood as representing the definitiveness of these prophecies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
JER 36 1 a3lh 0 It came about “It happened.” This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER 36 1 v3ak translate-ordinal 0 in the fourth year of Jehoiakim … king of Judah Jehoiakim had been king of Judah for more than three years. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 25:1](../25/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 36 1 dr12 figs-123person 0 to Jeremiah It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 36 3 yk1m figs-metaphor 0 his wicked way Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:11](../18/11.md). Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 36 3 s9uw figs-metonymy 0 forgive their iniquity and their sin The words “iniquity” and “sin” are metonyms for the persons who commit iniquity and sin. Alternate translation: “forgive them for their iniquity and their sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 36 4 ff7m figs-123person 0 Jeremiah called … at Jeremiah’s dictation … to him It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. Alternate translation: “I called … at my dictation … to me … I gave … I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 36 4 d5mh 0 Baruch wrote in a scroll, at Jeremiah’s dictation, all the words of Yahweh spoken to him Alternate translation: “while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote in a scroll all of Yahweh’s words that Yahweh had spoken to Jeremiah”
JER 36 5 l4t5 figs-123person 0 Jeremiah gave … He said It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. Alternate translation: “I called … at my dictation … to me … I gave … I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 36 6 y6ch 0 in the hearing of the people in his house “so that the people in Yahweh’s house can hear them.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
JER 36 6 ywi1 0 in the hearing of all of Judah who have come from their cities “so all the people of Judah who have come from their cities can hear them.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
JER 36 7 xtz1 0 their pleas for mercy The word “their” refers to the people in the house of Yahweh and the people of Judah who had come to the house of Yahweh from their cities.
JER 36 7 kqx8 figs-metaphor 0 from his wicked way Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:11](../18/11.md). Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 36 9 fa5n translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the fifth year and ninth month of Jehoiakim … king of Judah This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of November and the first part of December on Western calendars. “after Jehoiakim … had been king of Judah for more than four years, during the ninth month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 36 10 v96d figs-123person 0 Jeremiah’s words It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 36 10 hp8u 0 He did this He read aloud Jeremiah’s words.
JER 36 10 snx3 0 in the hearing of all the people “where all the people could hear him.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
JER 36 11 f91c 0 Now Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JER 36 11 v211 translate-names 0 Gemariah son of Shaphan See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:10](../36/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 36 12 z6c7 translate-names 0 Shemaiah See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 26:20](../26/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 36 12 tbc8 translate-names 0 Elnathan son of Akbor See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 26:22](../26/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 36 12 f6nh translate-names 0 Zedekiah See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 36 12 b566 translate-names 0 Hananiah See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 28:1](../28/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 36 16 p6rk 0 It happened that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER 36 19 zge9 figs-ellipsis 0 Jeremiah, too You may need to make this a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “Jeremiah should hide himself, too” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 36 19 kih8 figs-you 0 where you are The word “you” refers to Baruch and Jeremiah and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 36 22 xeh7 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Jeremiah starts to tell a new part of the story.
JER 36 22 nd2u translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the ninth month This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. This is at the end of the sowing season and the beginning of the cold season. It is during the last part November and the first part of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 36 22 tf4p 0 a brazier a fireplace that people can move
JER 36 23 sz7v 0 It happened that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER 36 23 z4cg 0 Jehudi See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:14](../36/14.md).
JER 36 23 l2gf 0 columns these are columns of words on the scroll
JER 36 24 bgq6 translate-symaction 0 nor did they tear their clothes People tore their cloths when they were extremely sad. Alternate translation: “nor did they mourn by tearing their clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 36 26 vne7 translate-names 0 Jerahmeel … Seraiah … Azriel … Shelemiah … Abdeel These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 36 26 d67a figs-123person 0 Jeremiah the prophet … hidden them It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 36 27 h7zx figs-idiom 0 Then the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah after … dictation, saying, The idiom “The word of Yahweh came” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah after … dictation. He said,” or “After … dictation, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 36 27 i9hx figs-123person 0 to Jeremiah … Jeremiah’s dictation It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 36 29 bf3y figs-rquestion 0 Why have you written on it … beast in it’? Jehoiakim uses this question to emphasize that Jeremiah should not have written that the king of Babylon would come and attack. Alternate translation: “You should not have written … beast in it!” or “You were wrong to write … beast in it’!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 36 30 pl99 figs-metonymy 0 will ever sit on the throne of David Sitting on the throne is a metonym for ruling as king. See how you translated “sits on the throne of David” in [Jeremiah 29:16](../29/16.md). Alternate translation: “will ever rule the Israelites as David did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 36 30 d7yi figs-activepassive 0 your corpse will be thrown out This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will throw your dead body outside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 36 32 k5z6 figs-123person 0 Jeremiah took … Jeremiah’s dictation Jeremiah speaks of himself by name for reasons that are not clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 36 32 k1wh figs-abstractnouns 0 Baruch wrote on it at Jeremiah’s dictation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **dictation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 36:4](../36/04.md). Alternate translation: “while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 36 32 mev6 figs-activepassive 0 Furthermore, many other similar words were added to this scroll This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Furthermore, Jeremiah and Baruch added to this scroll many more words which were similar to the words that had been in the first scroll” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 37 intro du3z 0 # Jeremiah 37 General Notes<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Ironic situation<br><br>Jeremiah was thrown into prison and beaten for prophesying the word of God. Then the king asked him, “Is there any word from Yahweh?” This is a type of irony. The king simply did not agree with God’s original word. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]])
JER 37 1 c5u8 0 Jehoiachin The Hebrew text has “Coniah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
JER 37 2 j785 figs-synecdoche 0 he proclaimed by the hand of Jeremiah the prophet The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “he had Jeremiah the prophet proclaim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 37 3 hw6v translate-names 0 Jehukal This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 37 3 ynt3 translate-names 0 Shelemiah See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 36:14](../36/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 37 3 f9qq 0 Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 21:1](../21/01.md).
JER 37 3 r1ds 0 on our behalf “for us” or “for our sake.” The word “our” refers to King Zedekiah and the rest of the people of Judah.
JER 37 4 u9nx writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. The narrator tells background information about what Jeremiah had been doing before Zedekiah sent the message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER 37 4 qa7u figs-idiom 0 Jeremiah was coming and going among the people Here “coming and going” is an idiom that means he was free to move about. Alternate translation: “Jeremiah was able to go wherever he wanted with everybody else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 37 4 j14u figs-activepassive 0 for he had not yet been put in prison This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “because no one had put him in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 37 6 p84n figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah the prophet, saying, The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah the prophet. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah the prophet:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 37 7 y24f figs-you 0 you will say The word “you” refers to the two men that king Zedekiah had sent to Jeremiah, Jehukal son of Shelemiah, and Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 37 7 wic9 0 to seek advice from me The word “me” refers to Yahweh.
JER 37 8 xgj8 0 They will fight against this city, capture it, and burn it Compare how you translated “to wage war against it and take it, and to burn it” in [Jeremiah 34:22](../34/22.md).
JER 37 9 egq8 0 Do not deceive yourselves The word “yourselves” refers to King Zedekiah and the rest of the people of Judah.
JER 37 9 ppa5 figs-explicit 0 Surely the Chaldeans are leaving us The people of Judah think that they will be safe because the Chaldeans had left. Alternate translation: “Surely we are safe because the Chaldeans are leaving us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 37 11 gsm7 0 So it was “It came about that.” This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER 37 13 w2f7 translate-names 0 Shelemiah See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 36:14](../36/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 37 13 az9a translate-names 0 Hananiah See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 28:1](../28/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 37 14 nwr4 translate-names 0 Irijah See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 37:13](../37/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 37 15 s5cv translate-numbers 0 Jonathan the scribe “Jonathan, who was a scribe.” This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JER 37 16 c2h2 figs-activepassive 0 Jeremiah was put into an underground cell If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the officials put Jeremiah into a room that was under the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 37 17 s43j figs-metonymy 0 You will be given into the hand of the king of Babylon The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 32:4](../32/04.md). Alternate translation: “I will certainly put you under the control of the king of Babylon” or “I will certainly allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 37 18 lu1a figs-rquestion 0 How have I sinned against you … prison? Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that he has not done anything wrong. Alternate translation: “I have not done anything wrong to you … prison.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 37 19 utn2 figs-rquestion 0 Where are your prophets, the ones who prophesied … against this land? Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that the other prophets were lying but that he had done nothing wrong because he had told the truth. Alternate translation: “Your prophets who prophesied … against this land were obviously wrong, but now it is clear that I was telling you the truth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 37 20 a8fv 0 Let my pleas come before you “Hear me plead for mercy and do as I ask.” See how you translated “their pleas for mercy will come before Yahweh” in [Jeremiah 36:7](../36/07.md).
JER 37 20 e2hq 0 the house of Jonathan the scribe “the house of Jonathan, who is a scribe.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:15](../37/15.md).
JER 37 21 pss2 0 the courtyard of the guard This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER 37 21 s566 figs-activepassive 0 A loaf of bread was given him This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “His servants also gave Jeremiah a loaf of bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 38 intro eu3f 0 # Jeremiah 38 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Surrender and live<br><br>If the king obeyed God and surrendered to the Babylonians, he would be allowed to live and the city would not be burned. But if he refused, he would be captured and the city burned. This took faith that Yahweh was using this ungodly, Gentile nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])
JER 38 2 p2xn figs-activepassive 0 Anyone staying in this city will be killed by sword, famine, and plague This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Anyone staying in this city will die by sword, famine, and plague” or “I will kill anyone staying in this city with sword, famine, and plague” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 38 2 izt9 0 He will escape with his own life The one who surrenders to the Babylonians will escape alive, even though he will lose all his possessions. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 21:9](../21/09.md).
JER 38 3 f89i figs-metonymy 0 This city will be given into the hand of the army of the king of Babylon The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will allow the army of the king of Babylon to conquer Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 38 3 u8f5 0 he will capture it The reader should understand that others will help the king of Babylon capture the city. “his army will capture it”
JER 38 4 l3h5 figs-metonymy 0 he is weakening the hands of the fighting men who remain in this city, and the hands of all the people Weak hands are a metonym for a person who is afraid. Alternate translation: “he is causing the soldiers and all the people in the city to lose courage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 38 4 lzh8 0 for this man is not working for safety for this people, but disaster Alternate translation: “for Jeremiah is not working to help this people be safe, but he is working for bad things to happen to this people”
JER 38 5 xr6q 0 Look Alternate translation: “Listen carefully”
JER 38 5 a92p figs-metonymy 0 he is in your hand The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand has. Alternate translation: “you are able do whatever you want with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 38 6 z9f6 figs-hyperbole 0 they … threw him into the cistern They literally “lowered Jeremiah down on ropes,” but the word “threw” is an exaggeration to say that they treated him roughly. Your language may have another way of saying this. Alternate translation: “they … roughly pushed him into the cistern” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 38 6 rb8h 0 the courtyard of the guard This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER 38 6 y2m2 0 They lowered Jeremiah down on ropes This tells how “they threw him into the cistern.”
JER 38 7 jqm6 0 Now Ebed-Melek The word “now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
JER 38 7 lix8 writing-background 0 Now the king Here the word “now” marks a break in the main story line where the narrator tells background information about what the king was doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER 38 7 kfm3 figs-idiom 0 sitting at the Benjamin Gate King Zedekiah was probably hearing and judging legal cases. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 38 13 s46y 0 they pulled Jeremiah Here the word “they” refers to some of the thirty men who were with Ebed-Melech.
JER 38 13 xs87 0 the courtyard of the guard This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER 38 15 vvt7 figs-rquestion 0 If I answer you, will you not certainly kill me? Jeremiah uses this question to express his belief that the king will kill him if he answers truthfully. Alternate translation: “If I tell you the truth, you will certainly kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 38 16 cjp9 figs-idiom 0 As Yahweh lives, the one who made us “as surely as Yahweh, the one who made us, is alive.” This is a way of making a solemn promise. The king says it to emphasize that what he is about to say next is true. See how you translated “As Yahweh lives” in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear by Yahweh, the one who made us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 38 16 yv2m figs-metonymy 0 I will not … give you into the hand of those men Here the word “hand” refers to the men’s control or power. Alternate translation: “I will not … allow those men to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 38 16 q87t figs-metaphor 0 seeking your life This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. See how this phrase is translated in [Jeremiah 11:21](../11/21.md). Alternate translation: “trying to kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 38 17 p9k7 figs-metonymy 0 God of Israel The name of the people group is metonym for the people of that group. Alternate translation: “God of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 38 17 kku6 figs-activepassive 0 this city will not be burned This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonian army will not burn this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 38 18 gja5 figs-activepassive 0 this city will be given into the hand of the Chaldeans The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 38:2](../38/02.md). Alternate translation: “I will allow the Chaldeans to conquer this city” or “I will allow the Chaldeans to do whatever they want with this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 38 18 fbz5 figs-metonymy 0 you will not escape from their hand The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “you will not escape from their power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 38 19 i4pf figs-activepassive 0 I might be given over into their hand The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Chaldeans might put me under the control of the people of Judah who have deserted” or “the Chaldeans might allow the people of Judah who have deserted to do whatever they want with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 38 19 r1ze 0 for them to treat me badly Here the word “them” refers to the people of Judah who have deserted.
JER 38 20 x9uy figs-you 0 They will not give you over to them “The Chaldeans will not give you over to the Judeans.” Here “you” refers to Zedekiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 38 21 b1pi 0 this is what Yahweh has shown me Here the word “this” refers to what Jeremiah will say next.
JER 38 22 z6cx figs-activepassive 0 All the women who are left … will be brought out to the officials of the king of Babylon The reader should understand that the officials will take these women as slaves. Alternate translation: “Soldiers will bring all the women who are left … out to the officials of the king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 38 22 ndr9 figs-activepassive 0 You have been deceived by your friends This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your friends have deceived you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 38 23 dti7 figs-activepassive 0 For all of your wives and children will be brought out to the Chaldeans The reader should understand that the officials will take these people as slaves. Alternate translation: “Soldiers will bring your wives and children out to the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 38 23 k3p7 figs-metonymy 0 will not escape from their hand The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “will not escape from their power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 38 23 x21i figs-metonymy 0 You will be captured by the hand of the king of Babylon, and this city will be burned The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. The reader should probably understand that many people will help the king do this. Alternate translation: “The army of the king of Babylon will capture you and will burn the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 38 26 l1fb 0 Jonathan See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 37:15](../37/15.md).
JER 38 27 e9tl figs-abstractnouns 0 the conversation between Jeremiah and the king If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **conversation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what Jeremiah and the king said to each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 38 28 kaj5 0 the courtyard of the guard This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER 38 28 l5rj figs-activepassive 0 until the day Jerusalem was captured This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “until the day that the Babylonian army captured Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 39 intro i9ad 0 # Jeremiah 39 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The prophesied destruction of Jerusalem is over and the actual conquering of the Promised Land by Babylon begins in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
JER 39 1 dap3 translate-hebrewmonths 0 In the ninth year and tenth month of Zedekiah king of Judah This is after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for eight years, in the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “In the tenth month of the ninth year that Zedekiah was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
JER 39 2 v5d9 translate-hebrewmonths 0 In the eleventh year and fourth month of Zedekiah, on the ninth day of the month This is after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for more than ten years, in the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. The eleventh day is near the beginning of July on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “On the ninth day of the fourth month of the eleventh year that Zedekiah was king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
JER 39 3 bu4u translate-names 0 Nebo-Sarsekim, Samgar Nebo, and Sarsechim These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 39 3 ew2q 0 in the middle gate “in the middle entrance to the city.” It was common for leaders to sit at the gate of the city to discuss important matters.
JER 39 4 rpl5 0 They went out at night from the city by the king’s garden path Alternate translation: “They left the city at night going out on a path in the king’s garden”
JER 39 5 w8c7 0 the plains of the Jordan River valley This is the flat land at the southern end of the valley.
JER 39 5 uma7 translate-names 0 at Riblah in the land of Hamath Riblah was a town in the territory of Hamath, which is in Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 39 6 l5id figs-synecdoche 0 slaughtered Zedekiah’s sons before his own eyes The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah’s sons. Alternate translation: “forced Zedekiah to watch as the king’s soldiers killed Zedekiah’s sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 39 7 ei9s 0 he put out Zedekiah’s eyes “the king’s men made Zedekiah blind.” Use the common words for making a person blind. It is not clear that the king of Babylon took Zedekiah’s eyes out of his head. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon make Zedekiah blind.
JER 39 8 ku9v 0 the king’s house Zedekiah’s house
JER 39 8 cbe2 0 the people’s houses the houses that had belonged to the people of Jerusalem
JER 39 9 nt1i figs-hyperbole 0 the rest of the people who were left in the city This is probably a generalization. Alternate translation: “the people who were still living in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 39 10 h3ys figs-hyperbole 0 who had nothing for themselves The word “nothing” is probably an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “who owned nothing of great value” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 39 13 r536 translate-names 0 Nebushazban a man’s name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 39 13 w1xh figs-explicit 0 sent men out They sent them out to get Jeremiah. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “sent men out to get Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 39 14 k5dx 0 the courtyard of the guard This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER 39 14 uw8h figs-explicit 0 among the people You may need to make explicit which people the speaker is speaking of. Alternate translation: “among the people who remained in Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 39 15 sbp1 0 General Information: This story happened before the events in the first part of the chapter.
JER 39 15 rz5c writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a return to the story line, as the narrator tells what Yahweh had said to Jeremiah after Nebuchadnezzar gave the orders about Jeremiah ([Jeremiah 39:12-14](./12.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
JER 39 15 qm3a figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah while he was … guard, saying, The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah while he was … guard. He said,” or “while Jeremiah was … guard, Yahweh spoke this message to him:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 39 15 g5jx 0 the courtyard of the guard This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER 39 16 g2jt 0 Ebed-Melek the Cushite See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 38:7](../38/07.md).
JER 39 16 c57h 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 39 16 tg3k 0 I am about to carry out my words against this city for disaster and not for good Alternate translation: “I am bringing disaster, not good, against this city, just as I said I would”
JER 39 16 pb72 0 For they will all come true before you on that day Alternate translation: “For you will see it all happen on that day”
JER 39 17 d4fl figs-metonymy 0 you will not be given into the hand of the men whom you fear Here “hand” refers to power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the men you fear will not harm you” or “I will not allow anyone to put you under the control of the people whom you fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 39 18 y55h figs-euphemism 0 You will not fall by the sword The sword is a metonym for dying in war. Alternate translation: “No one will kill you with their sword” or “You will not die in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 40 intro rx94 0 # Jeremiah 40 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Peace in Judah<br><br>After Babylon conquered Jerusalem, this chapter reveals an unfolding peace in the area. Ammon, who was supposed to be Judah’s ally against Babylon, probably sought to distract Babylon from attacking them by ruining the peace in the region of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 40 1 vp76 figs-idiom 0 The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:1](../32/01.md) Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 40 1 nzv7 translate-names 0 Nebuzaradan This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 40 1 w77l figs-activepassive 0 who were being carried into exile to Babylon If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom the soldiers were about to take to Babylon as exiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 40 4 pm8f 0 But now look! Nebuzaradan says this to bring Jeremiah’s attention to the present moment.
JER 40 4 m5yi figs-metonymy 0 it is good in your eyes “Eyes” here is a metonym for what the person thinks. Alternate translation: “it is what you consider to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 40 5 kwh6 figs-metonymy 0 it is good in your eyes “Eyes” here is a metonym for what the person thinks. Alternate translation: “it is what you consider to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 40 7 iep2 figs-activepassive 0 those who had not been exiled to Babylon This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom the enemy soldiers had not sent to Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 40 10 rd9k 0 you have occupied “you have taken over.” “Occupy” here is a military term. Gedaliah was talking to soldiers ([Jeremiah 40:7](../40/07.md)) who may have conquered or otherwise taken control of cities.
JER 40 12 zs8v figs-activepassive 0 where they had been scattered This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “where the Babylonians had driven them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 40 13 qk6a translate-names 0 Johanan … Kareah See how you translated these names in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 40 13 yp1p translate-names 0 Gedaliah See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 40 14 dj6f figs-rquestion 0 Do you realize that Baalis king of the people of Ammon sent Ishmael son of Nethaniah to murder you? Johanan and the commanders use a rhetorical question to warn Gedaliah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You need to understand that Baalis king of the people of Ammon sent Ishmael son of Nethaniah to murder you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 40 14 p3zy translate-names 0 Ishmael … Nethaniah Translate these names as in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 40 14 q9l2 translate-names 0 Ahikim See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 26:24](../26/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 40 15 yyw2 translate-names 0 Johanan … Kareah See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 40 15 l7ed figs-rquestion 0 Why should he kill you? Johanan uses a rhetorical question to try to change Gedaliah’s thinking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not allow him to kill you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 40 15 mc43 figs-rquestion 0 Why allow all of Judah that has been gathered to you to be scattered and the remnant of Judah destroyed? Johanan uses a rhetorical question to try to get Gedaliah to think about what will happen if Gedaliah does what Gedaliah is planning to do. Alternate translation: “If you do this, all of Judah that has been gathered to you will be scattered and the remnant of Judah will be destroyed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 40 15 c9ug figs-hyperbole 0 all of Judah The word “all” is a generalization. Alternate translation: “many of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 40 15 hp75 figs-activepassive 0 that has been gathered to you This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “who have come to you” or “whom Yahweh has brought to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 40 15 mj6g figs-activepassive 0 to be scattered This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “to have the Chaldeans scatter them” or “to flee away to many different lands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 40 15 pxq9 figs-activepassive 0 the remnant of Judah destroyed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “allow the Chaldeans to destroy the remnant of Judah” or “and allow the remnant of Judah to perish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 40 15 zr8s 0 remnant of Judah “remnant of the people of Judah.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 40:11](../40/11.md).
JER 41 intro u2q2 0 # Jeremiah 41 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Life in Judah<br>This chapter explains what life was like in Judah after the Babylonian conquest. It was a difficult and dangerous time, but some of the faithful remained in the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
JER 41 1 mz9m 0 it happened that This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER 41 1 rce7 translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the seventh month This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 41 1 va8n translate-names 0 Ishmael son of Nethaniah See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 41 2 yly4 translate-names 0 Gedaliah son of Ahikam son of Shaphan See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 41 2 mt62 figs-metonymy 0 in charge of the land Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “in charge of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 41 3 s68d figs-synecdoche 0 Then Ishmael killed Here “Ishmael” represents himself and the ten men with him. Alternate translation: “Then Ishmael and the ten men with him killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 41 3 pzn9 figs-activepassive 0 the Chaldean fighting men found there If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “also the Chaldean soldiers there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 41 4 xv5y translate-ordinal 0 the second day after The word “second” is the ordinal form of the number 2. This could mean: (1) “the day after” or (2) “two days after” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 41 5 te6l translate-numbers 0 eighty men “80 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JER 41 5 c3sk figs-metonymy 0 in their hands Having things in the hands here is probably a metaphor for carrying those things or having them in their possession. Alternate translation: “in their possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 41 6 n7k7 0 Then it happened This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER 41 7 iju5 0 It came about that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER 41 7 tp8u 0 Ishmael son of Nethaniah slaughtered them and threw them into a pit, he and the men who were with him It is stated it in [Jeremiah 41:8](../41/08.md) that Ishmael and his men did not kill all 80 men. You can state here that they killed most of the 80 men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael son of Nethaniah, and the men who were with him, killed most of the 80 men and threw them into a pit”
JER 41 8 nt5a 0 ten men among them The word “them” refers to the 80 men.
JER 41 8 zn9l figs-explicit 0 for there are provisions of ours in a field It is implied that they would give their provisions to Ishmael and his men. Alternate translation: “for we will give you our provisions that we have hidden in a field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 41 9 p33k writing-background 0 The cistern where Ishmael … against King Baasha of Israel This is background information about the cistern that Ishmael used. King Asa had his men dig the cistern so his people would have a water supply when King Baasha attacked them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER 41 9 kzd3 figs-metonymy 0 that King Asa dug Here King Asa represents his men. Alternate translation: “that King Asa ordered his men to dig” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 41 9 p7br figs-synecdoche 0 against King Baasha of Israel Here King Baasha represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “against Baasha, king of Israel, and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 41 9 ny7m figs-synecdoche 0 Ishmael son of Nethaniah filled it Here Ishmael represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men filled it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 41 9 nw96 figs-nominaladj 0 with the dead This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “with those who were dead” or “with those they had killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER 41 10 w324 figs-synecdoche 0 Ishmael captured Here Ishmael represents himself and his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men captured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 41 10 y6nt translate-names 0 Nebuzaradan See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 41 11 j1v7 figs-synecdoche 0 Ishmael son of Nethaniah Here “Ishmael” represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 41 12 pak6 figs-synecdoche 0 Ishmael son of Nethaniah … found him Here “Ishmael” represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men … found them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 41 13 a4a1 0 Then it happened that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER 41 13 efz7 0 when all the people who were with Ishmael Here “people” refers to those whom Ishmael and his men had captured.
JER 41 14 tjt4 figs-synecdoche 0 whom Ishmael had captured Here “Ishmael” represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “whom Ishmael and his men had captured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 41 15 zag1 figs-synecdoche 0 He went to the people of Ammon “He” refers to Ishmael who represents himself and the eight men with him. Alternate translation: “They went to the people of Ammon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 41 16 d9f5 figs-activepassive 0 who had been rescued If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom they had rescued” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 41 16 x13r writing-background 0 This was after Ishmael had killed Gedaliah son of Ahikam The author stops the story to refer to a previous event so that the order of events are understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER 41 16 j14l figs-activepassive 0 who had been rescued at Gibeon If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom they had rescued at Gibeon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 41 18 k3qd figs-explicit 0 because of the Chaldeans It is implied that they were afraid that the Chaldeans would attack them. Alternate translation: “because they thought the Chaldeans may attack them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 41 18 iuc2 figs-metonymy 0 in charge of the land Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “in charge of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 42 intro ye1g 0 # Jeremiah 42 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Life in Babylon<br>The remaining army commanders, who scattered after the Babylonian victory, asked Jeremiah to ask Yahweh about where they should go. Yahweh encouraged them to go to Babylon because they would soon return to the Promised Land. They would be punished if they went to Egypt or anywhere else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
JER 42 1 jc5i translate-names 0 Johanan … Kareah See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:13](../40/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 42 1 w479 translate-names 0 Jezaniah … Hoshaiah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 42 1 h1f8 figs-merism 0 all the people from the least to the greatest This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here “least” and “greatest” represent those who are least important and those who are most important. Alternate translation: “all the people from every social status” or “all the people, including the least important and the most important people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER 42 1 wx9l figs-hyperbole 0 all the people Most likely not every individual in the town went. The word “all” is a generalization that means very many people went. Alternate translation: “many other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 42 2 te2b figs-abstractnouns 0 Let our pleas come before you “Let us present our urgent request to you.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **pleas**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Listen as we plead with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 42 4 v54c figs-idiom 0 I will keep nothing back from you The phrase “keep nothing back from you” is an idiom that means to tell someone everything. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will tell you everything the Lord tells me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 42 5 tze5 0 May Yahweh be This is a way of beginning an oath. Alternate translation: “We ask Yahweh to be” or “Yahweh will be”
JER 42 5 htw1 figs-doublet 0 true and faithful Here these words share similar meanings. They describe Yahweh as a witness whom no one will be able to contradict. Alternate translation: “trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 42 6 aj3n figs-merism 0 Whether it is good or if it is bad The people mention both extremes to emphasize that they will obey no matter what Yahweh’s answer is. Alternate translation: “Whatever he answers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER 42 6 ixn4 figs-metonymy 0 the voice of Yahweh our God Here “voice” represents what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh our God says” or “we will obey Yahweh our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 42 7 k8xs figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 42 8 c9v6 figs-merism 0 to all the people from the least to the greatest This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here “least” and “greatest” represent those who are least important and those who are most important. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md). Alternate translation: “to all the people from every social status” or “to all the people, including the least important and the most important people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER 42 8 t51j figs-hyperbole 0 to all the people Most likely not every individual in the town went. The word “all” is a generalization that means very many people went. Alternate translation: “to many other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 42 10 m39t figs-metaphor 0 I will build you and not tear you down Yahweh refers to the people of Israel like a wall that can be built or torn down. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to prosper and I will not destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 42 10 aj8z figs-metaphor 0 I will plant you and not pull you up Yahweh uses another example to express how he will cause the people of Israel to prosper and not be destroyed. He refers to them like a plant in the same way he referred to them as a wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 42 10 a8zc figs-metaphor 0 I will turn back the disaster that I have brought on you A disaster is here spoken of as something that a person can put onto someone else. Alternate translation: “I will prevent the disaster that I have caused to happen to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 42 11 k5t5 figs-doublet 0 to save you and rescue you The words “save” and “rescue” mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will, indeed, save. Alternate translation: “to save you completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 42 11 jv59 figs-metonymy 0 rescue you from his hand Here the word “hand” refers to power and authority. Alternate translation: “rescue you from his power” or “rescue you from him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 42 13 qi8z figs-metonymy 0 if you do not listen to my voice, the voice of Yahweh your God Here “voice” represents a command. To not obey is like the people did not hear Yahweh’s command. Alternate translation: “if you do not obey my commands, even though I am Yahweh, your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 42 14 bg9x figs-parallelism 0 where we will not see any war, where we will not hear the sound of the trumpet Both of these phrases describe being at war by the ability to see or hear it. Alternate translation: “where we will not experience the hardships of war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 42 14 n28p figs-metonymy 0 we will not go hungry for food Being hungry for food is used to describe famine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 42 15 e21x 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 42 16 s8nw figs-metonymy 0 the sword that you fear will overtake you Here “the sword” represents war. The Israelites experiencing war even if they go to Egypt is spoken of as if the sword would chase after the people catch up with them. Alternate translation: “you will experience the terrible results of war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 42 16 pea7 figs-personification 0 The famine that you are worrying about will pursue you to Egypt The Israelites experiencing famine even in Egypt is spoken of as if famine would chase after them. Alternate translation: “You worry about famine in Israel but if you go to Egypt you will suffer from famine there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 42 17 vak7 figs-synecdoche 0 all the men who set out The men are used to refer to all the people because they are the leaders in their families. Alternate translation: “anyone who sets out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
JER 42 17 b82t figs-metaphor 0 the disaster that I will bring on them Causing a disaster is spoken of as if disaster were an object that is brought to a person. Alternate translation: “the disaster that I will cause to happen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 42 18 v4kb 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 42 18 hxc8 figs-metaphor 0 my wrath and my fury were poured out on the inhabitants of Jerusalem Yahweh punishing people because he is very angry is spoken of as if wrath and fury were liquids that he poured out on the people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I became very angry and punished the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 42 18 ss3l figs-doublet 0 my wrath and my fury The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: “my terrible wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 42 18 rm4e figs-metaphor 0 in the same way my fury will be poured out on you Yahweh punishing people because he is very angry is spoken of as if fury were a liquid that he pours out on the people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will became very angry and punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 42 18 m8xv figs-parallelism 0 You will become an object of cursing and a horror, an object for speaking curses, and something dishonorable All of these statements mean basically the same thing and emphasize how badly the nations will treat the people of Judah after Yahweh punishes them. Alternate translation: “People will be terrified when they see what has happened to you. They will curse and mock you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 42 19 m4t7 figs-idiom 0 I have been a witness against you The phrase “been a witness against” is an idiom that means to give a warning. Alternate translation: “I have warned you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 42 20 tm47 figs-idiom 0 we will carry it out This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “we will do it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 42 21 bn7i figs-metonymy 0 to the voice of Yahweh your God Here “voice” represents what Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “to what Yahweh your God commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 42 22 ewj3 0 now The word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JER 42 22 ah9a figs-metonymy 0 you will die by sword Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “you will die in warfare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 42 22 b8em figs-explicit 0 in the place where you desired to go to live They desired to live in Egypt. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “in Egypt, where you thought you would be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 43 intro b33q 0 # Jeremiah 43 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### They did not believe Jeremiah<br>After Jeremiah prophesied the destruction of Judah, the people did not believe him. Judah was conquered and destroyed. Even after this, the people did not believe they would be safe in Babylon as Jeremiah prophesied. This is shocking. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br><br>### Babylon invades Egypt<br>Babylon is described as invading part of Egypt. This would have been unthinkable for the people. It would have gotten their attention.<br><br>## Other possible translation issues in this chapter<br><br>### Symbolic actions<br>Jeremiah’s burial of the stones was intended to be a symbolic action for the people. This was supposed to teach the people a lesson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 43 1 ufu5 0 It happened that This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER 43 2 wg2c translate-names 0 Azariah This could mean: (1) this is another name for Jezaniah in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md) or (2) this is a different son of Hoshaiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 43 2 a3qd translate-names 0 Hoshaiah See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 43 2 u1n1 translate-names 0 Johanan … Kareah See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:13](../40/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 43 3 gh4k figs-metonymy 0 to deliver us into the hand of the Chaldeans Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “to give us over to the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 43 3 bw5d figs-abstractnouns 0 for you to cause our death and to make us captives in Babylon If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **death**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to kill.” Alternate translation: “for you to cause the Chaldeans to either kill us or to take us as captives to Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 43 4 glv6 figs-hyperbole 0 all the people This probably did not include every individual there. The word “all” is a generalization that means many people. Alternate translation: “many of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 43 4 a6mj figs-metonymy 0 refused to listen to Yahweh’s voice Here “voice” represents commands. And here “to listen” means “to obey.” Alternate translation: “would not obey Yahweh’s command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 43 5 n9qa figs-activepassive 0 where they had been scattered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “where Yahweh had scattered them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 43 6 qj48 translate-names 0 Nebuzaradan See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 43 6 s144 translate-names 0 Gedaliah … Ahikam … Shaphan See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 43 7 rup9 translate-names 0 Tahpanhes See how you translated the name of this city in [Jeremiah 2:16](../02/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 43 8 p6h5 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah in Tahpanhes, saying, The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah in Tahpanhes. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah in Tahpanehs:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 43 9 i4wa figs-abstractnouns 0 in the sight of the people of Judah If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sight**, you can express the same idea with the verb “watching.” Alternate translation: “while the people of Judah are watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 43 10 eb2l 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 43 10 uz43 figs-metonymy 0 I will place his throne over these stones that you, Jeremiah, have buried. Nebuchadnezzar will place his pavilion over them Both the king’s “throne” and “pavilion” are used to refer to his royal authority. Alternate translation: “I will cause him to rule as king over the people of Egypt. He will place his throne and pavilion over these stones you have buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 43 11 j4bf figs-metonymy 0 he will come Here “he” refers to Nebuchadnezzar who represents his whole army. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s army will come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 43 11 njk5 figs-activepassive 0 Anyone who is assigned to death will be given to death If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **death**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “die.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Everyone will die whom I have decided must die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 43 11 iqj5 figs-activepassive 0 Anyone who is assigned to captivity will be taken captive If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Babylonians will take everyone captive whom I have decided must go into captivity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 43 11 prf4 figs-metonymy 0 Anyone who is assigned to the sword will be given to the sword Here “sword” represents battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Everyone will die in battle whom I have decided will die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 43 12 fy3l figs-metonymy 0 Then I will light a fire Here “I” refers to Yahweh. This represents Yahweh sending the Babylonian army to light a fire. Alternate translation: “Then I will cause the Babylonian army to light a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 43 12 yqt6 figs-metonymy 0 Nebuchadnezzar will … He will Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s army will … They will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 43 12 e3qj figs-simile 0 He will clean out the land of Egypt just as shepherds clean vermin off their clothes Taking or destroying everything in Egypt is compared to how a shepherd carefully cleans off his clothes. Alternate translation: “He will take or destroy everything valuable in Egypt just as a shepherd is careful to get every insect off of his clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 43 13 pyt4 translate-names 0 Heliopolis This is the name of a city. The name means “city of the sun.” In this city was a temple where they worshiped a sun god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 44 intro xf8j 0 # Jeremiah 44 General Notes<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br><br>The people called Ashtoreth the goddess of the Canaanites, “the queen of heaven.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
JER 44 1 s5cz figs-idiom 0 The word came to Jeremiah It is implied that the word that came to Jeremiah was from Yahweh. This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 44 1 a4bd translate-names 0 Tahpanhes … Memphis Translate the names of these cities as you did in [Jeremiah 2:16](../02/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 44 2 j6cn 0 Yahweh of hosts … says Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 44 2 wb58 figs-rpronouns 0 You yourselves have seen The word “yourselves” is used for emphasis to specify the people of Judea who live in the land of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER 44 2 zs94 figs-metaphor 0 all the disasters that I brought on Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah Causing disasters is spoken of as if disasters were an object that can be put on something. Alternate translation: “all the disaster that I caused to happen to Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 44 3 uvb1 figs-rpronouns 0 they themselves The word “themselves” is used for emphasis to specify the people of Jerusalem and the other cities of Judah. Alternate translation: “the people from the ruined cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER 44 4 jwn6 0 So I repeatedly sent The word “I” refers to Yahweh.
JER 44 5 a6zd figs-metaphor 0 or turn from their wickedness in burning incense to other gods To stop doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. Alternate translation: “or to stop behaving wickedly by burning incense to other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 44 6 kck1 figs-metaphor 0 my fury and my wrath were poured out Becoming angry and punishing people is spoken of as if fury and wrath were liquids there could be poured on people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I became very angry and punished them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 44 6 gje9 figs-doublet 0 my fury and my wrath The words “fury” and “wrath” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: “my terrible wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 44 6 if3y figs-metaphor 0 kindled a fire Yahweh becoming angry and punishing the people of Judah is spoken of as his fury and wrath were a fire. Alternate translation: “my fury and wrath were like a fire” or “my punishment was like a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 44 6 j69q figs-doublet 0 they became ruins and devastations The words “ruins” and “devastations” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the complete devastation of Judah and Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “they became completely devastated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 44 7 gez9 figs-rquestion 0 Why are you doing … yourselves? Why are you causing … and babies? Yahweh uses these questions to rebuke the people for doing things that cause him to punish them. Alternate translation: “You are doing … yourselves. You are causing … and babies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 44 7 mnr5 figs-abstractnouns 0 Why are you doing great wickedness against yourselves? If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “wicked.” Alternate translation: “Why are you doing these wicked things that harm yourselves?” or “You are doing wicked things that cause terrible things to happen to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 44 7 n4fj figs-metaphor 0 Why are you causing yourselves to be cut off from among Judah … and babies? Being separated from the people of Judah is spoken of as if the people are cut off from Judah the way a person may cut off a branch from a vine or cut off a piece of cloth. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Why are you causing me to remove you from the people of Judah … and babies?” or “You are causing me to remove you from the people of Judah … and babies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 44 8 prs6 figs-abstractnouns 0 By your wickedness you have offended me with the deeds of your hands Here, **wickedness** represents actions that are “wicked.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Here, **hand** represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “You have offended me with the wicked things you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 44 8 d96k figs-activepassive 0 you will be destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will cause me to destroy you” or “you will destroy yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 44 8 qgd6 figs-metonymy 0 you will be a curse and a reproach among all the nations of the earth Here “nations” represent the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of all the nations of the earth will curse you and hate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 44 9 zk7z figs-rquestion 0 Have you forgotten the wickedness committed by your ancestors and the wickedness committed by the kings of Judah and their wives? Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about the wicked behavior of their ancestors and how Yahweh punished them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Think about what happened to your ancestors and the kings of Judah and their wives when they did wicked things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 44 9 v2a3 figs-rquestion 0 Have you forgotten the evil committed by yourselves and your wives in the land of Judah and the streets of Jerusalem? Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about their own wicked behavior and how Yahweh punished them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Think about what happened to you and your wives when you did evil things in the land Judah and the streets of Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 44 9 w74z figs-synecdoche 0 the streets of Jerusalem Jerusalem is referred to by the part of the city where people walk. This means the people did evil things in public places. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem” or “the public places of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 44 10 ai8e figs-123person 0 they still are not humbled “the people of Judah are still not humble.” Yahweh is still speaking to the people of Judah, so this can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “you are still not humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 44 10 a4hl figs-metaphor 0 nor do they walk in them Obeying the laws is spoken of as if it were walking in the laws. Alternate translation: “nor do they obey them” or “nor do you obey them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 44 11 ppb1 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 44 11 vc6r figs-idiom 0 I am about to set my face against you This idiom means he “firmly decided.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 21:10](../21/10.md). Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind to oppose you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 44 11 is79 figs-metaphor 0 to bring disaster to you Causing disaster to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that can be brought to someone. Alternate translation: “to cause disaster to happen to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 44 12 t7mn figs-idiom 0 They will fall by sword and famine Here “fall” means to die. And “sword” represents the enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Enemies will kill some of them and others will die of hunger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 44 12 pmr4 figs-merism 0 From the least to the greatest This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here “least” and “greatest” represent those who are least important and those who are most important. Alternate translation: “all the people from every social status” or “all the people, including the least important and the most important people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER 44 12 t4e4 0 will become an object of swearing, cursing, reproaching, and a horrible thing Alternate translation: “people will be horrified because of what happened to the people of Judah, and people will mock and curse them”
JER 44 13 yvm2 figs-metonymy 0 I punished Jerusalem Here “Jerusalem” represents the people. Alternate translation: “I punished the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 44 13 xt2p figs-metonymy 0 with the sword, with famine, and with the plague Here “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “by causing enemies to kill some of them, others to starve to death, and others to die because of disease” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 44 15 a1sx 0 Upper Egypt This refers to the southern region of Egypt. It is sometime called “Pathros.”
JER 44 16 k3bm figs-metonymy 0 About the word that you have told us in Yahweh’s name—we will not listen to you Here “in Yahweh’s name” means “in Yahweh’s authority” or “as Yahweh’s representative.” Alternate translation: “We will not obey this message that you say Yahweh told you to tell us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 44 17 aja3 figs-explicit 0 queen of heaven This a title of a false goddess that the people of Judah worshiped. This goddess is also called “Asherah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 44 17 fh7r figs-synecdoche 0 the streets of Jerusalem Here “streets” represent the public places in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “in the public places of Jerusalem” or “in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 44 17 clp3 figs-explicit 0 Then we will be filled with food and will prosper, without experiencing any disaster The people of Judah thought they would prosper because the queen of heaven would bless them if they worshiped her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 44 17 u8y8 figs-activepassive 0 Then we will be filled with food If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then we will have plenty of food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 44 18 hs8y figs-metonymy 0 were dying by sword and famine Here “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers were killing some of us and some of us were dying of hunger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 44 19 dne8 figs-rquestion 0 was it against our husbands that we did these things … to her? The women were claiming to be innocent because their husband approved of what they were doing. Alternate translation: “our husbands knew what we were doing … to her.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 44 21 qc2v figs-rquestion 0 Did not Yahweh remember … of the land? Jeremiah uses a question to scold the people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh certainly knew about … of the land.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 44 21 ir8d figs-parallelism 0 For Yahweh calls this to mind; it comes to his thoughts Both of these phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that Yahweh knows that the people were worshiping false gods. Alternate translation: “Yes, Yahweh knows what you were doing, and he does not forget” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 44 22 t1fz figs-abstractnouns 0 because of the abominations that you did If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **abominations**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “things he hated.” Alternate translation: “because you did things that he hated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 44 22 x1jw figs-abstractnouns 0 Then your land became a desolation, a horror, and a curse so there was no longer an inhabitant as at this present day This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “a desolation,” “a horror,” and “a curse.” Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh caused it so that no one lives in the land. He made it a desolate and horrifying place. People use its name to curse others. And this is how it is even to this day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 44 23 z7ak figs-explicit 0 burned incense Why people burn incense can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “burned incense to false gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 44 23 m5km figs-metonymy 0 you would not listen to his voice Here “voice” refers to Yahweh’s commands. Alternate translation: “you would not obey his commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 44 24 lr74 figs-metonymy 0 all of Judah Here “Judah” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 44 25 q7r5 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 44 25 rst9 figs-synecdoche 0 have said with your mouths and carried out with your hands what you said Here “mouths” and “hands” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “have done what you promised to do when you said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 44 25 lq9t figs-irony 0 Now fulfill your vows; carry them out This is an ironic statement. Yahweh does not really want them to fulfill their vow to a false goddess. Yahweh knows they will not listen to him so he tells them to go ahead and do what they want. Alternate translation: “Very well! If that is what you want to do, then go fulfill your vows and do what you promised to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER 44 25 vw9i 0 Now The word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JER 44 26 vwq1 figs-metonymy 0 all of Judah Here “Judah” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 44 26 d9iz figs-metonymy 0 My name will no longer be called upon by the mouths of any of the men of Judah in all the land of Egypt Here “name” represents the whole being of Yahweh. And, “mouth” represents the whole person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No person of Judah living in the land of Egypt will ever call upon me again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 44 26 n652 figs-idiom 0 As the Lord Yahweh lives “as surely as the Lord Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you transited “As Yahweh lives” [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” or “I solemnly swear by the Lord Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 44 27 c948 figs-hyperbole 0 Every person of Judah in the land of Egypt will perish by sword and famine until they are all finished Here “Every person” is a generalization that means “very many people.” Also, “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Nearly every person of Judah in the land of Egypt will die. Enemies will kill many of them and many of them will starve to death until there is very few of them left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 44 28 ar61 figs-metonymy 0 Then the survivors of the sword Here “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Then those whom the enemies do not kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 44 29 vj4v figs-idiom 0 I am setting against you This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I am opposed to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 44 29 g448 figs-personification 0 my words will certainly attack you with disaster Yahweh causing disaster on the people as he promised is spoken of as if his word would attack them. Alternate translation: “what I have said will happen and you will have a disaster” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 44 30 fk1y figs-metonymy 0 I am about to give Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies and into the hand of those who seek to kill him Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I will allow the enemies who want to kill Pharaoh Hophra, the king of Egypt, to defeat him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 44 30 sf5s figs-metonymy 0 when I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, his enemy who sought his life Here “hand” represents power or control. And, Nebuchadnezzar represents his whole army. The phrase “sought his life” is an idiom that means to want to kill someone. Alternate translation: “when I allowed the army of Nebuchadnezzar to defeat Zedekiah king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 45 intro m5sy 0 # Jeremiah 45 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter forms a break in the narrative sequence. It records prophecies that have already occurred. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
JER 45 1 uid7 figs-ellipsis 0 in the fourth year of Jehoiakim The words “of the rule” are understood. Alternate translation: “in the fourth year of the rule of Jehoiakim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 45 1 d24t translate-ordinal 0 fourth year The word “fourth” is the ordinal form of the number four. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 45 3 jwx7 figs-abstractnouns 0 My groaning has wearied me If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **groaning**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “cry.” Alternate translation: “I am tired because I cry so much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 45 5 jtj1 figs-rquestion 0 But are you hoping for great things for yourself? Yahweh uses a question to state that he knows Baruch is hoping for others to treat him in a special way. Alternate translation: “I know you hope for great things for yourself.” or “I know you hope others will honor you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 45 5 n1jc figs-metaphor 0 your life as your plunder everywhere you will go Allowing Baruch to escape and remain alive is spoken of as if his life were plunder that he would take after a battle. Alternate translation: “but wherever you go, I will protect you and allow you to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 46 intro ul65 0 # Jeremiah 46 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 46:3-12, 14-24.<br><br>This begins a section where Jeremiah prophesies about other nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Justice<br>Much of Jeremiah is concerned with Yahweh’s punishment of Judah. Yahweh used Egypt to punish Judah. Because Yahweh is just, he is going to punish Egypt for their evil deeds as well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Battle preparations<br>Jeremiah commands the Egyptian army to prepare for battle, even though they will not be able to defend themselves. Their punishment has already been determined by Yahweh.
JER 46 1 sfw3 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 46 1 e496 figs-idiom 0 This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 46 2 q4ql 0 For Egypt This phrase indicates this message is intended for the nation of Egypt.
JER 46 2 zfd4 translate-names 0 Necho This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 46 2 dv75 translate-names 0 Carchemish This is the name of a city on the west bank of the Euphrates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 46 2 tsq6 figs-metonymy 0 that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. Alternate translation: “that the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 46 2 nsv9 figs-explicit 0 in the fourth year of Jehoiakim This refers to the fourth year of Jehoiakim’s reign. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “in the fourth year of the reign of Jehoiakim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 46 2 v9gg translate-ordinal 0 the fourth year The word “fourth” is the ordinal form of “four.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 46 4 vhi9 0 Put the harness on the horses; mount up on the horses A “harness” is a set of straps placed on a horse so that it can pull a chariot. Here “mount up on the horses” means that the soldiers rode in the chariots that the horses were pulling.
JER 46 5 nj2q figs-rquestion 0 What am I seeing here? The word “I” here refer to Yahweh. Yahweh uses a question to introduce the vision and to draw attention to what he says next. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at what is happening here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 46 5 hry1 figs-abstractnouns 0 They are filled with terror If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “terrified.” Alternate translation: “The Egyptian soldiers are terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 46 6 gr1r figs-doublet 0 the swift cannot run away, and the soldiers cannot escape These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that no one, not even the strongest and fastest, can escape. The nominal adjective “the swift” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “even the swiftest soldier cannot escape” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER 46 6 bv4q figs-parallelism 0 They stumble in the north and fall beside the Euphrates River Both statements mean the same thing. Being and dying in battle is spoken of as if the soldiers stumble and fall. Alternate translation: “The Egyptian soldiers suffer defeat and die in the north by the Euphrates River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 46 7 j7fk figs-rquestion 0 Who is this who rises like the Nile … the rivers? Yahweh uses a question to draw attention to what he is about to say concerning Egypt. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at who rises like the Nile … the rivers.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 46 8 n8ng figs-simile 0 Egypt rises like the Nile The Nile river floods its banks once a year, covering the surrounding area with water. Yahweh compares the kingdom of Egypt to the Nile because the Egyptian people think they are mighty enough to destroy cities in all the lands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 46 8 udt1 figs-metonymy 0 Egypt rises … Egypt says … I will Here “Egypt” represents all the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “The Egyptians rise … The Egyptians say … We will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 46 9 ew5h figs-metonymy 0 Go up, horses. Be angry, you chariots Here “horses” and “chariots” represent the soldiers who use horses and chariots in battle. The leaders of Egypt are ordering their soldiers to start the battle. Alternate translation: “Go up to battle, you soldiers on horses. Fight furiously, you soldiers in chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 46 9 a538 figs-explicit 0 Let the soldiers go out, Cush and Put, men skillful with a shield This command can be addressed directly to the soldiers. What they were to go out for can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “You soldiers from Cush and Put, who are skillful with your shields, go out to battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 46 9 fz8w translate-names 0 Cush … Put These are biblical names for the countries of Ethiopia and Libya. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 46 9 c8vs figs-ellipsis 0 Ludim, men skillful at bending their bows The ideas of soldiers and going out to battle are understood from earlier in the sentence. They can be repeated. This command can also be addressed directly to the soldiers. Alternate translation: “you soldiers from Lud, who are skillful at bending your bows, go out to battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 46 9 mem7 translate-names 0 Ludim This is the name of the people group from the nation of Lud. Lud is the biblical name for Lydia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 46 9 awb5 figs-idiom 0 skillful at bending their bows The phrase “bend the bow” means to pull the string of the bow back with an arrow in order to shoot the arrow. Alternate translation: “skillful at shooting arrows from their bows” or “skillful with the bow and arrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 46 10 kb95 figs-123person 0 for the Lord Yahweh of hosts, and he will avenge himself on his foes Yahweh speaks of himself in third person. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “for me, Lord Yahweh of hosts, and I will avenge myself on my foes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 46 10 xmi3 figs-parallelism 0 The sword will devour and be satisfied. It will drink its fill of their blood This speaks of Yahweh’s sword as if it were devouring people and drinking blood. Both these phrases are saying similar thing and are combined to emphasize that there will be complete destruction. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy my enemy. It will be like my sword devours them and gets drunk on their blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 46 10 c3fe figs-metaphor 0 The sword will devour Yahweh punishing and killing his enemies is spoken of as if he would use a sword to kill them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 46 10 i9dw figs-metaphor 0 For there will be a sacrifice Yahweh avenging himself by causing the Egyptians to lose in battle against the Babylonians is spoken of as if the Egyptian army would be a sacrifice to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “For the Egyptians will be like a sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 46 11 h7iu 0 General Information: Yahweh finishes his declaration to Egypt.
JER 46 11 b1x3 figs-irony 0 Go up to Gilead and obtain medicine Gilead was a region famous for having people skillful with medicine. Yahweh is mocking the Egyptians by telling them to go get medicine, but he knows it will not help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER 46 11 k73x figs-metaphor 0 virgin daughter of Egypt The people of Egypt are spoken of as if they were the virgin daughter of Egypt. Alternate translation: “people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 46 12 xc2h figs-metonymy 0 The earth is filled with your laments Here “earth” is a metonym for the people of the earth and a generalization for the people who know what has happened to Egypt. All the people of the earth hearing the Egyptians crying is spoken of as if their laments filled the earth. Alternate translation: “All the people of the earth hear you crying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 46 12 jk5t figs-metaphor 0 for soldier stumbles against soldier; both of them fall together Soldiers dying in battle is spoken of as if they were stumbling and falling down. Alternate translation: “for your soldiers die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 46 13 q31x figs-metonymy 0 when Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. Alternate translation: “when the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 46 13 jr9a figs-metonymy 0 the land of Egypt Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the people of Egypt” or “the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 46 14 g5lu translate-names 0 Migdol Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 44:1](../44/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 46 14 qy9a translate-names 0 Memphis … Tahpanhes Translate the names of these cities as you did in [Jeremiah 2:16](../02/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 46 14 b4vr figs-metonymy 0 the sword will devour those around you The word “sword” here represents soldiers carrying weapons. The enemy soliders killing people is spoken of as if their swords were devouring people. Alternate translation: “your enemies will kill people all around you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 46 15 a8tg 0 Why are your mighty ones face-down on the ground? They will not stand Some Bibles translate this as “Why has Apis fled? Why did your bull not stand?” Apis was an Egyptian god that was represented by the form of a bull. The bull is often a symbol for strength. That is why the ULT and other versions of the Bible translate this as “strong ones” or “mighty ones,” which refers to soldiers.
JER 46 15 i1pz figs-rquestion 0 Why are your mighty ones face-down on the ground? They will not stand Yahweh uses a question to mock the strength of the Egyptian soldiers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your soldiers are face-down on the ground and will not stand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 46 16 c7x1 figs-metonymy 0 Let us leave this sword that is beating us down Here “sword” represents the enemy soldiers who are carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Let us run away from our enemies because they are killing us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 46 17 bd2w 0 They proclaimed there This could mean: (1) “they” refers to people in general who are in Egypt or (2) “they” refers to the foreign soldiers who are fleeing to their native lands of Cush, Put, and Lud.
JER 46 17 kv5n figs-idiom 0 Pharaoh the king of Egypt is only a noise, one who has let his opportunity slip away These two phrases are saying that the nation of Egypt has become of little importance. The phrase “only a noise” is an idiom that means a person says he will do something but he does not do it. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh brags much but cannot do what he brags he will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 46 18 a2ci figs-123person 0 declares the King Here “King” refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “this is what I, the King, declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 46 18 gmj6 figs-simile 0 someone will come like Mount Tabor and Mount Carmel by the sea This refers to the nation of Babylon who will be as overwhelming to the nation of Egypt as the these two mountains are to the plains that surround them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 46 18 t2bs translate-names 0 Mount Tabor This is the name of a mountain in the northern part of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 46 20 nf61 figs-metaphor 0 Egypt is a very beautiful young cow The nation of Egypt, which was very strong and prosperous, is spoken of as if it were a beautiful young cow. Alternate translation: “Egypt is like a very beautiful heifer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 46 20 pcx7 figs-metaphor 0 but a stinging insect The enemy army coming to attack the Egyptians is spoken of as if the army were an insect that stings. Alternate translation: “but a powerful army like a stinging insect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 46 21 duz9 figs-simile 0 soldiers in her midst are like a fattened bull The writer compares soldiers to “fattened bulls” because the soldiers are well cared for by the Egyptians just as a farmer takes care of a bull and makes it fat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 46 21 y6gt figs-idiom 0 They will not stand together To “stand together” is an idiom meaning to remain united. The writer is saying that the soldiers will not fight as a unit but will run away thinking only of saving themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 46 21 h8zt figs-metaphor 0 the day of their disaster is coming against them This speaks of a day as if it travels and arrives in a location. Alternate translation: “they will experience disaster on that day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 46 22 pc27 figs-simile 0 Egypt hisses like a snake and crawls away The inability of the Egyptians to do anything to stop their enemy is spoken of as if they were snakes that can only hiss and crawl away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 46 22 z1yp figs-simile 0 They are going toward her like woodcutters with axes The enemies coming with the weapons to destroy the Egyptians is spoken of as if they were woodcutters with axes preparing to cut down a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 46 23 q15l figs-metaphor 0 They will cut down the forests … although it is very dense This continues speaking of the enemy army attacking the Egyptians as if the army were woodcutters cutting down trees. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will kill many Egyptians like woodcutters cutting down a forest … even though there are very many trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 46 23 p42g figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 46 23 dl76 figs-activepassive 0 unable to be counted If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will be able to count them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 46 24 ut6g figs-metaphor 0 The daughter of Egypt will be made ashamed The people of Egypt are spoken of as if they were the daughter of Egypt. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will humiliate the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 46 24 n1ba figs-metonymy 0 She will be given into the hand of people from the north Here “hand” represents power or control. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, will allow the people from the north to defeat the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 46 25 v4iz translate-names 0 Amon of Thebes “Amon” is the king of the Egyptian gods. “Thebes” is the capital of the northern part of Egypt, and here it represents the people of Thebes. Alternate translation: “Amon, god of Thebes” or “Amon, god of the people of Thebes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 46 25 au2w figs-metonymy 0 Egypt and her gods Here “Egypt” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Egypt and the gods they worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 46 26 pq89 figs-metonymy 0 I am giving them into the hand of the ones seeking their lives Here “hand” represents power or control. The phrase “seeking their lives” is an idiom that mean to want to kill someone. Alternate translation: “I will allow those who are wanting to kill them to defeat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 46 26 n18z figs-metonymy 0 and into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his servants Here “hand” represents power or control. “Nebuchadnezzar … his servants” names specifically “the ones seeking their lives.” Alternate translation: “that is, I will allow Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his servants to defeat the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 46 26 zb51 figs-activepassive 0 Then after this Egypt will be inhabited If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then after this, people will live in Egypt again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 46 27 cfi7 figs-parallelism 0 my servant Jacob, do not fear. Do not be dismayed, Israel These two phrases mean the same thing. Here “Jacob” and “Israel” represent the people of Israel. Yahweh is emphasizing that the people should not be afraid. Alternate translation: “people of Israel, my servants, do not be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 46 28 r2ij figs-abstractnouns 0 I will bring complete destruction against all the nations If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy all the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 46 28 h92x figs-doublenegatives 0 will certainly not leave you unpunished This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will certainly punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JER 47 intro y84e 0 # Jeremiah 47 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 47:2-7.<br><br>Jeremiah’s prophesies about other nations continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Flood waters<br>This chapter uses the imagery of a flood to describe the enemies who conquer the Philistines. Their destruction will be swift and complete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 47 1 up7u figs-idiom 0 This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah The idiom “the word of Yahweh that came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 47 1 z4d3 figs-idiom 0 This word came to him The idiom “this word came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave this message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 47 1 n7b3 figs-metonymy 0 before Pharaoh Here “Pharaoh” represents the Egyptians army. Alternate translation: “before Pharaoh’s army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 47 2 br4s 0 See The word “see” alerts us to pay attention to what is about to be said.
JER 47 2 na2f figs-parallelism 0 floods of water are rising in the north. They will be like an overflowing river! The two phrases have a similar meaning. The enemy army is spoken of as if it were a flood. Alternate translation: “an army in the north will come like a flood. They will be powerful like an overflowing river” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 47 2 wnx1 figs-metaphor 0 they will overflow the land This continues speaking of the army from the north as an overflowing river. Alternate translation: “like an overflowing river, the army from the north will destroy the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 47 3 yv46 figs-parallelism 0 At the sound of the stamping of their strong horses’ hooves, at the roar of their chariots and the noise of their wheels Together these represent the sounds of an oncoming army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 47 3 yya7 figs-doublet 0 at the roar of their chariots and the noise of their wheels These two phrase have similar meanings and they are combined to emphasize the loud noise they will make. Alternate translation: “at the very loud sound of the wheels of the chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 47 4 q4r1 figs-metaphor 0 For the day is coming that will devastate all of the Philistines, to cut off from Tyre This speaks of a day as if it were something that travels and arrives in a place. Alternate translation: “For on that day, the enemy army will devastate all of the Philistines and cut off from Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 47 4 f7br figs-metaphor 0 to cut off from Tyre and Sidon every survivor who wants to help them Removing someone is spoken of as if they were cut off the way a person may cut a branch from a tree or a piece of cloth from a garment. Alternate translation: “to remove anyone who may want to help Tyre and Sidon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 47 4 g199 translate-names 0 Caphtor This is the name of an island of the northern region of the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 47 5 u8ep figs-abstractnouns 0 Baldness will come upon Gaza If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **baldness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “bald.” “Gaza” represents the people. Alternate translation: “The people of Gaza will shave their heads bald” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 47 5 yv2n translate-symaction 0 Baldness The shaving of the entire head or portions of the head is a sign of great sorrow practiced by idol worshipers in nations such as Philistia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 47 5 dw3l figs-euphemism 0 the people … will be made silent This could mean: (1) the people will be silent because they are mourning or (2) this is a euphemism that means the enemy soldiers will kill them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER 47 5 m4h3 figs-rquestion 0 How long will you cut yourself in mourning? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people of Ashkelon will never stop mourning. Yahweh speaks to the people as if he were speaking to one woman, who is a metaphor for the city itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will forever cut yourselves in mourning.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER 47 5 f7f4 translate-symaction 0 cut yourself in mourning The cutting of one’s skin was another practice done by the idol worshipers when they mourn the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 47 6 eck8 figs-personification 0 sword of Yahweh! How long will it be until you become silent? Go back to your scabbard! Stop and be silent. The Philistines speak to the sword of Yahweh as if it were a person who could hear them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you who are holding your sword! When will you stop striking us with your sword? Stop your sword and put it back in its scabbard!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 47 6 m6j8 figs-metaphor 0 sword of Yahweh Yahweh punishing the Philistines by sending the army from the north is spoken of as if Yahweh were striking them with a sword. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 47 6 cid1 figs-rquestion 0 How long will it be until you become silent? The people of the Philistines use this question to express their deep frustration about the devastation caused by their enemies. This may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Please be silent!” or “Please, Yahweh, stop striking us with your sword!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 47 6 r4br figs-idiom 0 you become silent A sword makes a noise as it slashes back and forth. Asking the sword to be silent means to ask it to stop slashing and killing. Alternate translation: “you rest” or “you stop slashing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 47 7 x3p6 figs-personification 0 How can it rest … along the sea? Here Jeremiah is speaking. He continues speaking of the sword of Yahweh as if it were a person who could rest. Yahweh punishing the Philistines by sending the army of the north is spoken of as if Yahweh were striking the people with a sword. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It cannot rest … along the sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 47 7 w3uj figs-rquestion 0 How can it rest when Yahweh has commanded it, when he has ordered … the sea? Jeremiah uses a question to mean that the sword cannot stop since Yahweh has commanded it to continue killing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It cannot stop, for Yahweh has commanded it. He has ordered … the sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 48 intro d44i 0 # Jeremiah 48 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 48:1-25, 28-33, 39-47.<br><br>Jeremiah’s prophesies about other nations continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Obeying Yahweh<br><br>Moab worshiped and served other gods. Despite this, Yahweh expected every nation to worship and serve him and him alone. They were punished because of it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
JER 48 1 r24j writing-poetry 0 General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 48 1 kuu3 figs-metonymy 0 To Moab Here “Moab” represents the people. Alternate translation: “To the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 48 1 tu4z 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 48 1 xw9v figs-metonymy 0 Woe to Nebo, for it has been devastated Here “Nebo” represents the people. Alternate translation: “How terrible it is for the people of Nebo, for their city is devastated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 48 1 vv99 figs-metonymy 0 Kiriathaim has been humiliated Here “Kiriathaim has been humiliated” represents the people being humiliated. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy has captured the city of Kiriathaim and humiliated the people who live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 1 w4q3 figs-metonymy 0 Her fortress has been disgraced Here “fortress has been disgraced” represents the people being disgraced. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy has destroyed the fortress in Kiriathaim and disgraced its people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 2 dmn9 translate-names 0 Madmen will also perish “Madmen” here is a town in Moab. The name of the city has nothing to do with the English word “madmen.” Alternate translation: “Their enemies will destroy the city of Madmen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 2 ie7u figs-metonymy 0 a sword will go after you Here “sword” represents the enemy army carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “your enemies will chase after you and kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 48 3 f5ti translate-names 0 Horonaim This is the name of a town in the south of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 3 ue2v figs-doublet 0 ruin and great destruction These two terms mean the same thing. Together they emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 48 4 u8km figs-activepassive 0 Moab has been destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy army has destroyed Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 4 h6mu figs-metonymy 0 Her children This could mean: (1) the children who lived in Moab or (2) “children” is a metonym that represents the people of Moab in general. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 48 5 cpt9 figs-abstractnouns 0 because of the destruction If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroyed.” Alternate translation: “because their town is destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 48 6 lhh3 0 Save your lives The word “your” refers to the people of Moab.
JER 48 6 kv9q figs-simile 0 become like a juniper bush in the wilderness The people fleeing from their cities into the desert is compared to a bush or shrub that grows in the desert. Alternate translation: “become like a shrub that grows in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JER 48 7 gkg1 figs-abstractnouns 0 because of your trust If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **trust**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “because you trusted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 48 7 v42e figs-activepassive 0 you also will be captured If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the enemy army will also capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 7 x4hy translate-names 0 Then Chemosh will go away into captivity “Chemosh” is the chief god of the Moabites. This means the enemy army will take the idol of Chemosh that the people made to worship. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will take your god Chemosh as a captive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 48 8 uxi3 figs-explicit 0 For the destroyer will come to every city Here “the destroyer” represents the enemy army. Alternate translation: “For the enemy army will come to every city and destroy it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 48 8 wca7 figs-metonymy 0 no city will escape Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “no people from any city will escape” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 48 8 e6c4 figs-metonymy 0 So the valley will perish and the plain will be devastated Here “valley” and “plain” represent the cities and the people in those places Alternate translation: “So the enemy army will destroy everything in the valleys and on the plains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 48 9 jd6u figs-metaphor 0 Give wings to Moab, for she must certainly fly away Helping the people is spoken of as if they would put wings on the people so that could fly away. Alternate translation: “Help the people of Moab to escape as if you were giving them wings to fly away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 48 9 eq9z 0 Give wings to Moab, for she must certainly fly away The translation of the original language is uncertain. Some Bibles translate this as “Set up a tombstone for Moab, for the enemy will certainly destroy it.” Other Bibles translate it as “Put salt on the cities of Moab, for the enemy will completely destroy it.” Enemies through salt on ruins to keep thing from ever growing there again.
JER 48 10 c5zb figs-metonymy 0 from shedding blood Here “blood” represents a person’s life. And “shedding blood” is an idiom that means to kill. Alternate translation: “from killing people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 48 11 lvs4 figs-personification 0 Moab has felt secure since he was young … He is … his wine … He has never gone … he tastes … his flavor Here Yahweh speaks of Moab as if it were a man. Here it represents the people of Moab. All occurrences of “he” and “his” can be stated as “they,” “their,” or “them.” Alternate translation: “Even from their earliest times, the people of Moab have felt secure … They are … their wine … They have never gone … they tastes … their flavor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 48 11 tpx9 figs-explicit 0 He is like his wine that has never been poured from pot to pot For wine to taste good, it has to be left undisturbed for a long time and not poured from one pot to another. Yahweh compares the people of Moab, who are prosperous because no one has ever conquered them and taken them as captives, to wine that is undisturbed and has a good flavor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 48 12 p3kf figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 48 12 z48t figs-metaphor 0 I will send him those who will tip him over and pour out all his pots and shatter his jars The enemy army defeating the people of Moab and taking them as captives is spoken of as if the people of Moab are wine and someone will come and pour them out and break the wine jars. Alternate translation: “I will send an army that will destroy them as if they were pouring out wine and breaking the jars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 48 12 nky7 figs-personification 0 send him … tip him over … his pots … his jars Here Yahweh speaks of Moab as if it were a man. Here it represents the people of Moab. All occurrences of “he,” “his,” and “him” in 48:11-12 can be stated as “they,” “their,” or “them.” Alternate translation: “send them … tip them over … their pots … their jars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 48 13 le7f figs-metonymy 0 Then Moab Here “Moab” represents the people. Alternate translation: “Then the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 48 13 biu2 translate-names 0 Chemosh Chemosh is the chief god of the Moabites. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:7](../48/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 13 qrf9 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 48 13 fr2l 0 Bethel This could mean: (1) this refers to the city of Bethel where the Israelites worshiped a golden calf or (2) Bethel is the name of a false god the Israelites worshiped.
JER 48 14 r8r7 figs-rquestion 0 How can you say, ‘We are soldiers, powerful fighting men’? Here Yahweh is speaking to the soldiers of Moab. Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the soldiers. Alternate translation: “No longer can you say, ‘We are soldiers, powerful fighting men.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 48 15 z5yr figs-activepassive 0 Moab will be devastated and its cities attacked If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will devastate Moab and attack its cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 15 b73e figs-metaphor 0 its finest young men have gone down to the place of slaughter The best men of Moab going to battle and being killed is spoken of as if they were animals taken to a place to be slaughtered. Alternate translation: “their fine young men will all be slaughtered” or “the enemy army will kill all of the finest men of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 48 15 x1zc figs-123person 0 This is the king’s declaration Here “king” refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 46:18](../46/18.md). Alternate translation: “This is what I, the king, declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 48 16 f7i9 figs-parallelism 0 Moab’s disaster is soon to happen; calamity is hurrying quickly These two sentences mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Moab’s destruction will happen very soon. Alternate translation: “Moab’s enemies will destroy her very soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 48 16 u5tf figs-metaphor 0 calamity is hurrying quickly Something terrible happening soon is spoken of as if calamity were something that could move quickly to a place. Alternate translation: “terrible things will happen very soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 48 17 l1hb figs-metonymy 0 the strong staff, the honored rod, has been broken Here the words “staff” and “rod” represent the power and political support that Moab provided to other nations. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moab’s enemies have ended her great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 18 f8bi figs-metaphor 0 you daughter living in Dibon The people of Dibon are spoken of as if they were the daughter of Dibon. Alternate translation: “you people living in Dibon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 48 20 zk9c figs-metonymy 0 Moab has been shamed, for it has been shattered Here “Moab” represents the people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people are disgraced, for the enemy army has destroyed Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 20 zl7d figs-activepassive 0 that Moab has been devastated If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the enemy army has devastated Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 21 m1zb figs-activepassive 0 punishment has come to the hill country, to Holon … Mephaath Yahweh punishing the people of the hill country and cities of Moab is spoken of as if punishment were something that could travel and arrive in a place. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will punish the people of the hill country, of Holon … Mephaath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 25 y4ql figs-parallelism 0 The horn of Moab has been hacked off; its arm has been broken Both of these statements mean the same thing. Here “horn” and “arm” represent power. To have these hacked off or broken means to lose one’s power. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moab has become weak; the people are not able to fight anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 25 b8p9 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 48 26 r5qs figs-imperative 0 Make him drunk, because he acted proudly against Yahweh Yahweh is speaking. The command “Make him drunk” indicates what Yahweh will cause to happen. Here “him” and “he” refers to Moab which represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, will cause the people of Moab to be drunk, for they acted proudly against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 48 26 v6it figs-metaphor 0 Make him drunk Here people experiencing Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if they were drunk on wine, acting foolishly so that people laugh at them. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to be like a drunk person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 48 26 lx5w figs-metaphor 0 Let Moab wallow in his vomit … an object of ridicule Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Moab as if they were a drunk person. Alternate translation: “Now the people of Moab will be like a person who wallows in his vomit … an object of ridicule (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 48 27 hq3z figs-rquestion 0 For did not Israel become an object for laughter to you? Yahweh uses a question to remind the people of Moab how they treated the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “For you used to mock and laugh at the people of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 48 27 j56c figs-metonymy 0 Israel … Was he found … at him … about him Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel … Were they found … at them … about them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 48 27 ft2u figs-rquestion 0 Was he found among thieves, so that you shook your head … about him? Here Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the people of Moab for treating the people of Israel with shame though they did nothing wrong. Alternate translation: “Although they were not thieves, you still shook your head … about him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 48 27 s168 translate-symaction 0 shook your head at him This is a symbolic action that shows feeling of scorn or disgust towards someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 48 28 e2f5 0 cliffs A cliff is a steep side of a mountain.
JER 48 28 ag7z figs-simile 0 Become like a dove … in the rocks This simile emphasizes the people should leave their cities and live in the rocky cliffs to hide from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 48 28 bp3p figs-idiom 0 the mouth of a hole in the rocks Here “mouth of a hole” is an idiom that means the entrance to a cave. Alternate translation: “the entrance to caves” or “an opening in the rocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 48 29 zjt4 0 We have heard Here “We” refers generally to all the people in the surrounding area.
JER 48 29 c6m3 0 arrogance … haughtiness … pride … self-glory … conceit in his heart All of these words have similar meanings. They are used together to emphasize the extreme pride of the people of Moab.
JER 48 29 qa3k figs-metonymy 0 the conceit in his heart Here “heart” represents a person’s inner being. Alternate translation: “his conceit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 48 30 sx8k figs-rpronouns 0 I myself know his defiant speech The word “myself” is used to emphasize that Yahweh was the one who knew about Moab’s defiant speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER 48 30 wf2k figs-metonymy 0 his defiant speech … like his deeds Here “his” refers to Moab which represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “their defiant speech … like their deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 48 30 s8fk figs-abstractnouns 0 his defiant speech If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **speech**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “that he has spoken pridefully” or “that he has spoken arrogant words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 48 31 jtn1 figs-parallelism 0 I will howl a lament for Moab, and I will shout in sorrow for all of Moab Both of these statements mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “I will cry loudly for the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 48 32 xbx7 translate-names 0 Jazer … Sibmah These are the names of two towns in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 32 xk3l figs-metaphor 0 vine of Sibmah! Your branches passed … your wine The town of Sibmah had many vineyards. Here, Yahweh speaks to the people of Sibmah as if there were a grapevine. Alternate translation: “people of Sibmah, who are like a grapevine with branches that passed … your wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 48 32 z5h3 figs-metaphor 0 The destroyers have attacked your summer fruit and your wine Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Sibmah as if they were a grapevine. Alternate translation: “The destroyers have attacked you and have taken the fruit from your vineyards and your wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 48 33 kv8p figs-abstractnouns 0 So celebration and rejoicing have been taken away from the fruit trees and the land of Moab The abstract nouns “celebration” and “rejoicing” can be stated as verbs. The phrase “have been taken away” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab will no longer celebrate and rejoice because of their fruit trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 33 fn4p 0 I have put an end to the wine from their winepresses Alternate translation: “I have stopped the wine from their winepresses” or “I have stopped the people from making wine”
JER 48 33 u8yw 0 I have put an end Here “I” refers to Yahweh.
JER 48 33 db16 figs-explicit 0 They will not tread The wine makers would stomp on the grapes to squeeze out the juice. Alternate translation: “The wine makers will not stomp the grapes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 48 34 hx1i translate-names 0 Heshbon Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 34 zq8f translate-names 0 Elealeh … Jahaz … Zoar … Horonaim … Eglath Shelishiyah These are names of other cities in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 35 ler4 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 48 36 jaw6 figs-synecdoche 0 my heart is lamenting for Moab like a flute Here “heart” represents the whole person. The person’s sad crying is compared to the sad music played on a flute at a funeral. Alternate translation: “I cry sadly for Moab. My cries are like the sad music a person plays on a flute at a funeral” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 48 36 b311 translate-names 0 Kir Hareseth Kir Hareseth was an ancient capital of Moab. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:31](../48/31.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 37 mzh2 translate-symaction 0 For every head is bald and every beard shaved. Incisions are on every hand, and sackcloth is around their waists These are all things that the people of Moab did when they were mourning or expressing deep sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 48 38 yc69 figs-abstractnouns 0 There is mourning everywhere If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **mourning**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “There are people mourning everywhere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 48 38 x6fh 0 For I have destroyed The word “I” refers to Yahweh
JER 48 38 aj4j figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 48 39 bl2b figs-exclamations 0 How it has been shattered! How they howl in their lamenting! Here “How” begins exclamations. The phrase “has been shattered” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have completely shattered them! They shout loudly and weep!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 39 n6k8 figs-metonymy 0 Moab turns its back in shame Here Moab represents the people. To turn one’s back is a sign of feeling ashamed. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab turn their backs in shame” or “The people of Moab are ashamed and will not show their faces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 48 39 b4ii figs-abstractnouns 0 So Moab will become an object of derision and a terror to all those who are around him This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “derision” and “terror.” Alternate translation: “So all the people nearby will be terrified at what happened to the people of Moab and they will mock them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 48 40 m362 figs-simile 0 the enemy will come flying like an eagle, spreading out his wings These phrases compare how a powerful army will descend on Moab and conquer it to the way an eagle swoops down to capture its prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 48 41 bm6y figs-activepassive 0 Kerioth has been captured, and its strongholds have been seized If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy has captured Kerioth and seized its strongholds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 41 ud2e translate-names 0 Kerioth This is a city in Moab. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:24](../48/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 41 l119 figs-simile 0 in that day the hearts of Moab’s soldiers … women in birth labor This phrase compares the fear that will overwhelm the soldiers of Moab to the fear a woman may feel when she is about to give birth to her child. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 48 41 nyn5 figs-metonymy 0 the hearts of Moab’s soldiers will be like the hearts of women in birth labor Here “hearts” represent a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “Moab’s soldiers will be afraid like a woman about to give birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 48 42 a6pz figs-activepassive 0 So Moab will be destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So the enemy will destroy the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 43 dsi5 figs-idiom 0 Terror and the pit, and a trap are coming on you Here “coming on you” is an idiom that means “to experience” something. Alternate translation: “You will experience the terror, the pit, and a trap” or “You will be terrified, and you will fall into pits and traps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 48 43 r55q figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 48 44 qa8k figs-synecdoche 0 fall into the pit … caught in the trap Here “the pit” and “the trap” represent all the different bad things that will happen to the people. People will run away to escape one bad thing but they will just experience another bad thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 48 45 jpn8 figs-metonymy 0 will stand in the shadow of Heshbon Here “in the shadow” represents protection or shelter. Alternate translation: “will hide in Heshbon for protection” or “will go to Heshbon for shelter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 48 45 ypv8 figs-parallelism 0 for fire will go out from Heshbon, flame from the middle of Sihon These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that Moab’s destruction will begin and spread out from Heshbon, where King Sihon once lived. Alternate translation: because a fire will burn in Heshbon, which is the city where King Sihon lived long ago (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 48 45 r5h5 translate-names 0 Heshbon Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 45 m2yh translate-names 0 Sihon This is the name of an Amorite king who once ruled over Heshbon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 45 ail8 figs-synecdoche 0 It will devour the forehead of Moab and the top of the heads of the boastful people Here “forehead” and “top of the heads” represent the people of Moab as a whole. Alternate translation: “It will burn up all the people in Moab who noisily boasted very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 48 46 fd8h figs-explicit 0 Chemosh’s people are destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy army has destroyed the people who worship Chemosh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 46 k4g8 figs-activepassive 0 your sons are taken as captives and your daughters into captivity If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the enemy army has taken your sons and daughters as captives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 47 b2it 0 I will restore the fortunes of Moab “I will cause things to go well for Moab again” or “I will cause Moab to live well again.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
JER 48 47 ei27 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 49 intro t6np 0 # Jeremiah 49 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 49:1-11, 14-27, 29-33, 37-39 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are part of a long quotation.<br><br>Jeremiah’s prophesies about other nations conclude in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Covenant with Abraham<br>Ammon is destroyed because it drove the people of the tribe of Gad from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham’s descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br>### Rhetorical questions<br>There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these rhetorical questions is to convict those Yahweh addresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 49 1 q42f writing-poetry 0 General Information: See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
JER 49 1 tz36 0 Yahweh says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 49 1 rj3z figs-rquestion 0 Does Israel have no children? Is there no one to inherit anything in Israel? Why does Molech occupy Gad, and his people live in its cities? Yahweh uses a question to express that the people of Israel should be living in Gad rather than those who worship Molech. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There are plenty of Israelites to inherit the land of Israel. The people who worship the false idol, Molech, should not live in Gad.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 49 1 t5qg figs-metonymy 0 Why does Molech Here “Molech” represents the people who worship Molech. Alternate translation: “Why do the people who worship Molech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 2 lb84 0 So look This adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look and listen”
JER 49 2 b61d figs-metaphor 0 days are coming … when I will Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will” or “there will be a time … when I will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 2 i8qt figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 49 2 jfb2 figs-metaphor 0 when I will sound the signal for battle Yahweh causing an army to attack is spoken of as if he would sound the signal for the battle to start. Alternate translation: “when I will cause the enemy army to sound the signal for battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 2 cl24 0 its villages will be set on fire If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the enemy army will burn their villages”
JER 49 2 p4ct figs-metonymy 0 For Israel will possess those who possessed him Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. “Those” refers to people of Ammon, who represent the land that they took from Israel. Alternate translation: “Then the people of Israel will again possess the land that the people of Ammon took away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 3 ywk1 translate-names 0 Heshbon Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/02.md). Here “Heshbon” represents the people. Alternate translation: “people of Heshbon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 3 kfc8 figs-activepassive 0 for Ai will be devastated If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for your enemies will devastate Ai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 49 3 bf53 figs-metaphor 0 daughters of Rabbah This could mean: (1) “daughters” represent the women who live in Rabbah. Alternate translation: “women of Rabbah” or (2) all the people in general are spoken of as if they are the daughters of Rabbah. Alternate translation: “people of Rabbah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 3 z6g9 0 for Molech is going into captivity “for your enemies will take your god Molech captive.” This means the enemies will take the idol that represents Molech back to their land.
JER 49 4 p3m1 figs-rquestion 0 Why do you brag about your valleys … daughter? Yahweh uses a question to scold the people for bragging about the large amount of fruit that grows in their valleys. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not be proud of your valleys … daughter.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 49 4 ve6p 0 Why do you brag about your valleys, your valleys that are so fruitful Some versions of the Bible read, “Why do you brag about your strength, your strength which is ebbing away”
JER 49 4 a3g4 figs-metaphor 0 faithless daughter Here, the people of Ammon are spoken of as if they were a daughter. Alternate translation: “faithless people” or “rebellious people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 4 yq5q figs-rquestion 0 say, ‘Who will come against me?’ The Ammonites use this question to state that they do not believe anyone can defeat them. It can be reworded as an indirect statement. Alternate translation: “falsely think that no one can defeat you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JER 49 5 a2bs 0 you The word “you” refers to the people of Ammon.
JER 49 5 wlw8 figs-abstractnouns 0 this terror will come from all those who surround you. Each one of you will be scattered before it If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with the verb “terrify.” The phrase “will be scattered” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will cause all those around you to terrify you. Each one of you flee to different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 49 7 j239 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 49 7 j6lv figs-rquestion 0 Is there no longer any wisdom to be found in Teman? Yahweh uses a question to scold the people of Teman for not acting wisely. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems that there are no longer any wise people in Teman!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 49 7 c4hs figs-parallelism 0 Has good advice … understanding? Has their wisdom become corrupted? The same idea is expressed in two different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 49 7 hk68 figs-rquestion 0 Has good advice disappeared from those who have understanding? Yahweh uses this question to scold the people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems that there are no longer any wise people in Teman district in Edom!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 49 7 gu21 figs-rquestion 0 Has their wisdom become corrupted? Yahweh uses this question to scold the people. This question may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Their advice is no longer wise.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 49 8 b1f3 figs-metonymy 0 I am bringing the disaster of Esau on him at the time that I punish him Here “Esau” represents the people of Edom. The Edomites were descendants of Esau. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Edom to experience disaster when I punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 8 wxg4 figs-123person 0 on him … I punish him Yahweh is speaking to the people of Edom. This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “on you … I punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 49 9 rj8q figs-rquestion 0 If grape harvesters … would they not leave a little bit behind? Yahweh uses a question to cause the people to think about how grape harvesters leave some grapes behind. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “If grape harvesters … they would certainly leave some grapes behind.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 49 9 j7jl figs-rquestion 0 If thieves … would they not steal only as much as they wanted? Yahweh uses a question to cause the people to think about how thieves only take what they want. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “If thieves … they would only take as much as they wanted.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 49 10 fyc2 figs-metaphor 0 But I have stripped Esau bare Yahweh causing an enemy army to come and take everything is spoken of as if Yahweh stripped all the clothes off of Esau. Alternate translation: “But I have sent an army to take everything away from Esau” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 10 sn3n figs-metonymy 0 Esau … his hiding … he will not … hide himself … His children … he is gone Here “Esau” represents the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom … their hiding … they will not … hide themselves … Their children … they are gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 12 auj9 figs-metonymy 0 must certainly drink some of the cup … for you will certainly drink Here “the cup” is a metonym that represents the contents in the cup that the people must drink. The people experiencing Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if Yahweh’s punishment were liquid in a cup and the people must drink it. Alternate translation: “must certainly experience my punishment … for you will certainly experience my punishment” or “I will certainly still punish … for I will certainly punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 12 h58s figs-rquestion 0 Do you yourself think you will go without punishment? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize the people of Edom have sinned and will certainly be punished. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly, you must be aware that you will personally experience my punishment for your sins.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 49 12 fb4j figs-you 0 you yourself The words “you” and “yourself” refer to Edom, which represents the people of Edom. The word “yourself” is used to draw attention to the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “you yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER 49 13 g6tz figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 49 13 g35q figs-abstractnouns 0 Bozrah will become a horror, a disgrace, a devastation, and an object for cursing The abstract nouns “a horror,” “a disgrace,” and “a devastation” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “People will be horrified when they see that the city of Bozrah is devastated. And they will mock the city and use its name when they curse others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 49 14 vb6a figs-activepassive 0 a messenger has been sent out If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has sent out a messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 49 14 z9ze figs-ellipsis 0 to the nations, ‘Gather together … for battle.’ It is understood “Gather together” is the beginning of the messenger’s message. Alternate translation: “to tell the nations, ‘Gather together … for battle.’” or “to the nations, and he will tell them, ‘Gather together … for battle.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 49 14 uw6a 0 attack her The word “her” refers to Edom.
JER 49 15 pdt6 0 I have made you The word “I” refers to Yahweh. Here “you” refers to the nation of Edom.
JER 49 15 g33b figs-explicit 0 made you small Here “small” represents having the least political importance. Alternate translation: “made you least important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 49 15 wr35 figs-activepassive 0 despised by people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and people despise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 49 16 l7en figs-abstractnouns 0 As for your fearsomeness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fearsomeness**, you can express the same idea with either an adjective or a verb. Alternate translation: “As for how terrifying you think you are” or “Although you think you scare other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 49 16 kjt4 figs-metonymy 0 your heart’s pride has deceived you Here “heart” represents the whole person. People deceiving themselves is spoken of as if their pride deceived them. Alternate translation: “you have become prideful, but you have deceived yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 16 mwf3 figs-explicit 0 so that you may make your nest high like an eagle It is implied that the people made homes in high places to remain safe from enemies. Alternate translation: “live in safety like an eagle in the heights of the mountains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 49 16 lr1b figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 49 17 hj17 figs-abstractnouns 0 Edom will become a horror to everyone passing by it If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **horror**, you can express the same idea with the verb “horrified.” Alternate translation: “The people passing by will be horrified when they what happened to Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 49 17 n5jw translate-symaction 0 tremble and hiss The word “hiss” refers to a sound that shows horror or awe. Alternate translation: “shake from fear and gasp” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 49 18 ihe5 figs-parallelism 0 no one will live there; no person will stay there Yahweh says the same thing twice to emphasize that Edom will be completely uninhabited. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 49 19 r4k5 figs-simile 0 he will go up like a lion from the forests of the Jordan to the green pasturelands This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “When I punish the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of forest and attacks sheep in the pasture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 49 19 yjn4 figs-metonymy 0 Edom run from it Here “Edom” represents the people. “It” refers to the land. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom will run from their land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 19 c4yq figs-activepassive 0 who will be chosen If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom I will choose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 49 19 l6pt figs-rquestion 0 For who is like me, and who will summon me? Yahweh uses the question to emphasize that no one is like him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “For no one is like me, no one can summon me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 49 19 y36a figs-rquestion 0 What shepherd is able to resist me? Yahweh uses the question to show no one can defeat him. Here “shepherd” is a metaphor for “king” or “ruler.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No king is able to resist me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 20 x5ym figs-metaphor 0 They will certainly be dragged away, even the smallest flock This continues speaking of Yahweh punishing the people of Edom as if he would come like a lion and attack the sheep. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will drag them away, even the smallest flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 49 20 k44h figs-metaphor 0 even the smallest flock Here the youngest and weakest people of Edom are spoken of as if they are the smallest flock of sheep. Alternate translation: “even the weakest and the smallest people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 20 qbe4 figs-metaphor 0 Their pasturelands will be turned into ruined places Here the land of Edom is spoken of as if it were pasturelands for flocks. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will turn their pasturelands into ruined places” or “He will completely get rid of the people who live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 49 21 c9gl figs-metaphor 0 At the sound of their falling the earth shakes The loud sound of Edom being destroyed is spoken of as if Edom were a large object that shakes the earth when it falls. Alternate translation: “When enemies come and destroy Edom, the noise will be extremely loud, with the result that the earth will shake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 21 mw81 figs-activepassive 0 The sound of distressed shouts is heard at the Sea of Reeds If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People at the Sea of Reeds will hear the people of Edom crying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 49 22 u5hd figs-simile 0 someone will attack like an eagle, and swoop down and spread his wings This simile means that when the enemy army attacks it will be vicious and unexpected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 49 22 fk85 translate-names 0 Bozrah Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:24](../48/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 49 22 u2ir figs-metonymy 0 the hearts of Edom’s soldiers will become like the heart of a woman in birth labor Here “hearts” represent a person’s emotions. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 48:41](../48/41.md). Alternate translation: “Edom’s soldiers will be afraid like a woman about to give birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 23 yc2q figs-metonymy 0 Hamath and Arpad will be ashamed Here “Hamath” and “Arpad” represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people who live in Hamath and Arpad will be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 23 tpi9 figs-metaphor 0 They melt away A person being afraid is spoken of as if the person were melting. Alternate translation: “They are very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 23 pe7l figs-simile 0 They become as troubled as the sea, which cannot stay calm The water of the sea is always moving and is never still. This is compared to the people who cannot rest because they are so anxious about the bad news they heard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 49 24 tg9v figs-metonymy 0 Damascus has become very weak. It turns … seizes it Here “Damascus” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people of Damascus have become very weak. They turn … seizes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 24 ik2u 0 terror seizes it If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with the verb “terrified.” Alternate translation: “Damascus is terrified” or “The people of Damascus are terrified”
JER 49 24 b8u2 figs-abstractnouns 0 Distress and pain seize it, like the pain of a woman giving birth This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “distress” and “pain.” The people are compared to a woman giving birth to emphasize their pain and fear. Alternate translation: “The people are afraid and suffering like a woman giving birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 49 25 u3wm figs-rquestion 0 How has the city of praise not been forsaken, the town of my joy? Yahweh uses a question to express that the people should have left the city. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “This famous city once caused me to rejoice, but now the people should leave it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 49 25 c4ki 0 How has the city of praise not been forsaken, the town of my joy? Some Bibles translate this with the people of Damascus speaking. Alternate translation: “The people of Damascus say, ‘The famous city, which once made us rejoice, is now empty.’”
JER 49 26 b744 0 its The word “its” refers to Damascus and its people.
JER 49 26 p99r figs-metaphor 0 its young men will fall in its plazas They young men being killed is spoken of as if they will fall. Alternate translation: “enemies will kill the young men of Damascus in its plazas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 26 sd8d figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 49 27 zq53 figs-metonymy 0 I will light a fire Causing the enemy army to light a fire is spoken of as if Yahweh will light the fire. Alternate translation: “I will cause the enemy army to light a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 27 ghf4 translate-names 0 Ben Hadad This the name or title of the king of Damascus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 49 28 vn4c 0 General Information: Jeremiah speaks about what will happen to Kedar.
JER 49 28 xl4r translate-names 0 Kedar This is the name of a land far to the east of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:10](../02/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 49 28 fp4y translate-names 0 Hazor This is the name of kingdom or district far to the east of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 49 28 l7n2 writing-background 0 now Nebuchadnezzar Here “now” introduces background information about Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER 49 28 yq1x figs-metonymy 0 Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon was going to attack Here “Nebuchadnezzar” represents his army. Alternate translation: “the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon was going to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 29 mmd9 figs-activepassive 0 Their tents and their flocks will be taken, along with their tent curtains and all of their equipment If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Your soldiers will take their flocks, tent curtains, and all of their equipment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 49 29 mdi2 figs-activepassive 0 their camels will be led away from them If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your soldiers will take their camels from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 49 29 hri3 0 men will shout to them, “Terror is on every side!” This could mean: (1) these are men being attacked by the enemy. Alternate translation: “men will shout, ‘We are terrified because terrible things are happening all around us!’” or (2) these are soldiers in the invading army. Alternate translation: “soldiers will shout at them, ‘Be afraid because we are all around you!’”
JER 49 30 f53n figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 49 31 dyc3 figs-apostrophe 0 Arise! Attack … themselves Here Yahweh is speaking to Nebuchadnezzar as if he was there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER 49 31 qnr3 figs-metonymy 0 Attack the nation at ease, that lives in safety Here “nation” represents the people living there. Alternate translation: “Attack this nation, whose people feel safe and secure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 32 bn78 figs-apostrophe 0 For their camels will become plunder, and the abundance of their property will become war plunder Yahweh is still speaking to Nebuchadnezzar as if he were there listening to him. This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “For your soldiers will take their camels and all of their property” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 49 32 i9ed figs-metaphor 0 Then I will scatter to every wind Here “every wind” represents the nations. Alternate translation: “Then I will send to nations in all different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 32 m49g 0 those who cut the corners of their hair This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “those who live on the edge of the wilderness.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 9:26](../09/26.md).
JER 49 32 vge9 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 49 33 kqm2 0 a lair of jackals “a place where jackals live.” Jackals are fierce wild dogs. See how you translated “jackals” in [Jeremiah 9:11](../09/11.md).
JER 49 33 u8xq figs-parallelism 0 No one will live there; no human being will stay there These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Hazor will be completely uninhabited. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 49 34 z9k4 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking about what will happen to Elam.
JER 49 34 iy32 figs-idiom 0 This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 49 35 gga5 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 49 35 f1xj 0 I am about to break the bowmen of Elam, the main part of their power Alternate translation: “The archers made Elam very powerful, but I will stop them”
JER 49 36 k5pp figs-idiom 0 I will bring the four winds from the four corners of the heavens Here “four winds from the four corners” is an idiom that represents wind blowing from every direction. Alternate translation: “I will cause the winds to blow from every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 49 36 p5sx figs-metaphor 0 I will bring the four winds from the four corners of the heavens Here “winds” represents nations. And the nations are a synecdoche representing the armies from those nations. Causing armies to come from all directions is spoken of as if Yahweh will cause wind to blow from all directions Alternate translation: “I will bring your enemies from every direction to attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 49 36 hx53 figs-metaphor 0 to all of those winds Here “winds” represents “nations.” Alternate translation: “to all those nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 36 a1gl figs-doublenegatives 0 There is no nation to which those scattered from Elam will not go This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will scatter the people of Elam to every nation on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JER 49 37 pcx2 figs-metonymy 0 I will shatter Elam These words are a metonym for Yahweh causing enemies to destroy Elam. Alternate translation: “I will cause Elam’s enemies to destroy Elam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 37 e227 figs-metaphor 0 those who seek their lives Seeking a person’s life represents wanting or desiring to kill someone. Alternate translation: “those who want to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 37 l2b9 figs-metaphor 0 I will bring disaster against them Yahweh causing people to experience disaster is spoken of as if he would bring disaster against them. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to experience disaster” or “I will cause terrible things to happen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 37 kkm4 figs-metonymy 0 the sword after them Here “sword” represents the enemy army carrying their weapons. Alternate translation: “the enemy army to pursue and kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 38 we6b figs-metonymy 0 I will put my throne in Elam Here “throne” represents Yahweh’s right to rule and judge as the king. Alternate translation: “I will judge the people of Elam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 intro dyn1 0 # Jeremiah 50 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 50:1-5, 6-46.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Babylon destroyed<br><br>Babylon will be conquered and the Jews will return to their homeland. At this time, Babylon controlled almost the entire Near East. The fulfillment of this prophecy would have been unthinkable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>### Israel<br>The author sometimes uses the term “Israel” to refer to the people of the old northern kingdom of Israel, and at other times to the nation of Israel as a whole. He switches between these uses several times without warning the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 50 1 mzg3 writing-poetry 0 General Information: God gives Jeremiah a message about Babylon. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
JER 50 1 je71 figs-idiom 0 This is the word that Yahweh declared This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 50 1 k291 figs-synecdoche 0 by the hand of Jeremiah the prophet The hand is a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:2](../37/02.md). Alternate translation: “through Jeremiah, who was a prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 50 2 gf1a figs-parallelism 0 cause them to listen … cause them to listen This phrase is repeated to emphasize the importance of the command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 50 2 zzg6 figs-parallelism 0 Bel is made ashamed. Marduk is dismayed. Its idols are put to shame; its images are dismayed These lines mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh has disgraced the gods of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 3 sf89 figs-abstractnouns 0 make her land a desolation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “destroy her land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 50 4 xb8i figs-doublet 0 In those days and at that time These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the importance of that future time. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 33:15](../33/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 50 4 f3j1 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 50 4 sdx6 figs-metaphor 0 seek Yahweh their God Seeking **Yahweh their God** represents either: (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 5 q3s7 figs-idiom 0 join ourselves to Yahweh This is figurative language used to explain a spiritual connection to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 50 5 ch4b figs-activepassive 0 that will not be forgotten This states that the covenant will be obeyed forever. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one will forget” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 6 fsj1 figs-metaphor 0 My people have been a lost flock The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a group of sheep that was lost. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “My people have been like a lost flock of sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 6 a67k figs-metaphor 0 Their shepherds The leaders of Israel are spoken of as if they were the shepherds of people. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “Their leaders were like shepherds who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 7 h59f figs-metaphor 0 devoured them Attacking the people of Israel is spoken of as if a wild animal ate them. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “devoured them like a wild animal would eat its prey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 7 u3dr 0 they sinned The word “they” refers to the people of Israel.
JER 50 7 id3n figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh, the hope of their ancestors Yahweh is spoken of as the source of their trust. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hope**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the one whom their ancestors confidently expected to help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 50 8 y6hx figs-simile 0 be like male goats that leave Male goats tend to be more independent than the rest of the flock. This could mean: (1) they should be the first to leave Babylon or (2) they should lead the rest of the Israelites away from Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 9 rv59 figs-activepassive 0 Babylon will be captured from there If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “These nations will capture Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 9 nm58 figs-simile 0 Their arrows are like a skilled warrior who does not return empty-handed The effectiveness of the arrows of the attacking nations are spoken of as if they were soldiers that always accomplish their mission. The idiom “empty-handed” means “without success.” Alternate translation: Each of their arrows are like skilled soldiers that always hit their target” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 50 10 n671 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 50 11 qcl4 figs-doublet 0 You rejoice, you celebrate These terms mean the same thing and are used to emphasize how happy they were to conquer Israel. Alternate translation: “You people of Babylon rejoice, celebrate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 50 11 gt23 figs-pronouns 0 You rejoice … you jump … you neigh Each instance of “You” or “you” is plural and refers to the people of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JER 50 11 sq4c figs-simile 0 you jump around like a calf stamping in its pasture The joy of the people of Babylon is compared to a calf who runs around joyfully in a pasture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 11 ef11 0 stamping the action a calf makes when kicking the ground
JER 50 11 e4bz figs-simile 0 you neigh like a powerful horse The people of Babylon are compared to stallions that are making loud noises because they are excited. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 12 a827 figs-pronouns 0 bore you The word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JER 50 12 i83h figs-doublet 0 So your mother will be greatly ashamed; the one who bore you will be embarrassed These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of her embarrassment. The words “mother” and “the one who bore you” refer either to Babylonia or to the city of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 12 crm8 figs-doublet 0 a wilderness, a dry land, and a desert These words have basically the same meaning and emphasize the complete barrenness of the land. This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor for an uninhabited place or (2) this refers to Babylon literally becoming a barren wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 13 mm1s figs-abstractnouns 0 a complete devastation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **devastation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 50 14 wrr7 figs-explicit 0 Arrange yourselves against Babylon Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon arrange yourselves against her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 50 14 m55f figs-personification 0 shoot at her Jeremiah speaks of the people who live in the city of Babylon as if they were the city itself, and he speaks of the city as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “shoot at the people in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 50 14 a1ig 0 Do not keep back any of your arrows This emphasizes that they should shoot all their arrows. Alternate translation: “Shoot every one of your arrows at her”
JER 50 14 x188 figs-personification 0 she has sinned Jeremiah speaks of the people who live in the city of Babylon as if they were the city itself, and he speaks of the city as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 15 smz6 figs-metonymy 0 She has surrendered … she has done Jeremiah speaks of the people who live in the city of Babylon as if they were the city itself, and he speaks of the city as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “The people of Babylon have surrendered … they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 15 ke5w figs-personification 0 her towers … her walls Jeremiah speaks of the city of Babylon as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the towers of the city … the walls of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 50 15 pwd7 figs-activepassive 0 her walls are torn down If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the nations have torn down her walls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 16 ifx7 0 the one who uses a sickle at the time of harvest A “sickle” is a farm tool that people use to harvest grain. Together with the previous phrase, Yahweh is saying that all planting and harvesting will stop in Babylon.
JER 50 16 m3vk figs-doublet 0 Let each person turn back to his own people … let them flee to their own land These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they strengthen the command for foreigners to flee from Babylon back to their own countries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 50 16 eg2j figs-metonymy 0 from the oppressor’s sword Here the word “sword” refers to the armies that will attack Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 17 n1nd figs-metaphor 0 Israel is a sheep scattered and driven away by lions Yahweh speaks of Israel as if it were a sheep that was trying to escape from hungry lions. This metaphor can be stated as a simile and in active form. Alternate translation: “Israel is like a sheep that lions scattered and drove away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 17 r7en figs-metonymy 0 Israel This refers collectively to all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 17 n5qc figs-metonymy 0 the king of Assyria This refers to the army of the king of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 17 ux4g figs-metaphor 0 devoured him The destruction of Israel by Assyria is spoken of as if Israel were a sheep that Assyria ate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 17 rfs4 figs-metonymy 0 Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon This refers to the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 17 uqu9 figs-metaphor 0 broke his bones The destruction of Israel by Nebuchadnezzar is spoken of if it were a sheep which had its bones crushed by a lion. Alternate translation: “destroyed Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 18 g9kd 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 50 18 v4k1 0 See, I am about to The word “See” means to pay special attention to what follows.
JER 50 18 wg6j figs-metonymy 0 his land Here “land” is a metonym for the people who live in the land of Babylon. Alternate translation: “the Babylonian people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 19 wz33 0 I will restore The word “I” refers to Yahweh.
JER 50 19 gp73 figs-metonymy 0 Israel to his homeland … he will be satisfied This refers collectively to all the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel to their homeland … they will be satisfied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 19 tl27 figs-metaphor 0 he will graze on Carmel and Bashan Israel is spoken of as if they were sheep that eat grass. Alternate translation: “they will eat food that grows in Carmel and Bashan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 20 aqy8 figs-doublet 0 In those days and at that time These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that future time. See how you translated this in as [Jeremiah 33:15](../33/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 50 20 pw89 figs-parallelism 0 iniquity will be looked for in Israel, but none will be found. I will inquire about the sins of Judah, but none will be found These two lines mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that Yahweh will completely forgive the sins of the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 50 20 vxj6 figs-activepassive 0 iniquity will be looked for in Israel, but none will be found If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will look for iniquity in the people of Israel, but will not find any” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 20 k64e figs-explicit 0 that I spare They will escape the destruction of Babylon. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “that I allow to escape the destruction of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 50 21 ajt3 figs-explicit 0 Arise against the land Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, arise against the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 50 21 bqj7 translate-names 0 Merathaim This is another name for Babylon. This is a name that means “double rebellion.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 50 21 wh45 translate-names 0 Pekod This is another name for the Chaldeans. This is a name that means “visitation.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 50 21 h6k6 figs-metonymy 0 Put them to the sword This refers to having a sword come down on people to kill them. Alternate translation: “Kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 21 x5j6 figs-metonymy 0 Put them to the sword Here the word “sword” represents war. Yahweh speaks of Babylon’s enemies killing them in battle as if he were placing those people under the sword’s power. Alternate translation: “Kill them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 22 aq6m figs-metonymy 0 The sounds of battle and enormous destruction are in the land These sounds are heard during battle and great destruction. They are spoken of in the present tense to indicate that this will certainly happen soon. Alternate translation: “The sounds of fierce battle and terrible destruction are going to happen soon in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 23 vq6u figs-metaphor 0 How the hammer of all the lands has been cut apart and destroyed The army of Babylon is spoken of as if it were a hammer. The destruction of this army is spoken of as if the hammer was to be cut up and destroyed. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “The mighty army of Babylon that conquered all the nations is like a hammer that will be broken into pieces and destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 23 gzv9 0 How Babylon has become a destroyed place among the nations Babylon was a nation like the other nations, but it will become a complete ruin, totally destroyed.
JER 50 24 kl72 figs-metaphor 0 I have set a trap for you and you were taken The destruction of Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh had caught them in a trap like an animal. Alternate translation: “I set a trap and caught you in it as a hunter catches an animal” or “You people of Babylon, I have set a trap for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 24 hn79 figs-activepassive 0 you were taken … You were found and captured If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have captured you … I found you and captured you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 25 v2ka figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh has opened his armory and is bringing out the weapons for carrying out his anger Yahweh’s anger that causes him to send enemies against Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh had an armory and weapons. To open an armory is a metonym for preparing for battle. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has prepared for war and is sending the nations to attack Babylon in his anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 26 ek5x 0 Attack her from far away Yahweh speaks to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, attack her from far away”
JER 50 26 h3rp figs-metaphor 0 Open her granaries Here “granaries” represent where Babylon stored its treasures. Alternate translation: “Raid the places where her treasures are stored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 26 kge6 figs-simile 0 pile her up like heaps of grain This could mean: (1) reduce the city to piles of rubble that look like stacks of grain or (2) stack up the plunder from the city like piles of grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 26 k8z3 figs-idiom 0 Set her apart for destruction This idiom means to destroy something completely. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:9](../25/09.md). Alternate translation: “destroy her completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 50 26 uq7q 0 Leave no remnant of her This is stated in a negative way to emphasize the completeness of the destruction. Alternate translation: “Kill every person in her”
JER 50 27 wv75 figs-metaphor 0 Kill all her bulls. Send them down to the place of slaughter Here, the word **bulls** could mean: (1) soldiers or (2) strong young men. Killing them is spoken of as taking them to a place of slaughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 27 e5p8 figs-explicit 0 Kill all her bulls Yahweh speaks this to the enemies of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, kill all her bulls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 50 27 k3c1 0 her bulls The word “her” refers to Babylon.
JER 50 27 h2tx figs-doublet 0 their day has come—the time for their punishment The phrases “their day” and “the time” mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “the time for their punishment has come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 50 28 i7g2 0 those … those … These The words “those” and “These” refer to the survivors from Babylon who will tell others about Yahweh’s vengeance.
JER 50 28 e143 figs-abstractnouns 0 the vengeance of Yahweh our God for Zion, and vengeance for his temple If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **vengeance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh our God has taken revenge for what they did to Zion and to his temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 50 29 uhm2 figs-doublet 0 the archers … those who bend their bows These phrases refer to the same people and are repeated for poetic effect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 50 29 riq5 0 her … her … she The words “her” and “she” refer to Babylon.
JER 50 29 gm1z 0 let no one escape This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “capture or kill every person”
JER 50 29 dr67 figs-metaphor 0 Do to her by the measure she has used The evil things the Babylonians did to Israel are spoken of as if Babylon measured them. Alternate translation: “Measure out punishment for her with the same amount she used to punish Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 30 tu9n figs-activepassive 0 all her fighting men will be destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will destroy all her fighting men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 30 du7b figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 50 31 wr6r figs-explicit 0 See, I am against you Yahweh speaks this to the people of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “See, I am against you, people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 50 31 axv1 figs-doublet 0 for your day has come … the time when I will punish you These two phrases mean the same thing. The second phrase defines the “day” that the first phrase mentions. Alternate translation: “for the day when I will punish you has come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 50 31 n6p7 0 your day “your time.” This refers to the entire span of time during which the horrible judgment will come upon Babylon.
JER 50 32 rvn2 figs-idiom 0 the proud ones will stumble and fall Here “stumble and fall” are idioms that refer to defeat and death. Alternate translation: “I will cause enemies to defeat and kill the proud ones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 50 32 vwn6 figs-metaphor 0 it will devour everything around him Fire burning the cities of Babylon is spoken of as if the fire were an animal that ate them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 33 avf9 0 General Information: Yahweh now speaks through Jeremiah about Israel and Judah.
JER 50 33 xl6p 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 50 33 gnz4 figs-activepassive 0 The people of Israel are oppressed, together with the people of Judah If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Babylonians are oppressing the people of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 34 id2p figs-metaphor 0 He will truly plead their case Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a lawyer who represents the people of Israel in court. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 34 bc96 figs-metonymy 0 in order to bring rest to the land Here “the land” is a metonym for the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “in order that the people who live in Israel might live in peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 34 d2c4 0 bring rest … bring strife These two terms represent opposite ideas and bring a strong contrast to how Yahweh will treat Israel and Babylon.
JER 50 35 ayk2 figs-metonymy 0 A sword is against … and against Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “War will soon happen to … and to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 35 ai3w figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 50 36 u7pl figs-metonymy 0 A sword against Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “War will soon happen to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 37 d4gj figs-metonymy 0 A sword is coming against Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “War will soon happen to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 37 ts2p figs-simile 0 they will become like women The weakness of the Babylonian soldiers is spoken of as if they were women. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “they will all become as weak as women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 37 fkg9 figs-activepassive 0 they will be plundered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers will plunder them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 39 qe4b 0 ostriches very large African birds that run fast but cannot fly. Some versions translate this as “owl.”
JER 50 39 e1qh 0 will live in her The word “her” refers to Babylon.
JER 50 39 d5ib figs-doublet 0 For all time, she will no longer be inhabited. From generation to generation, she will not be lived in These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Babylon will be completely uninhabited. Alternate translation: “People will never live there again; it will be uninhabited forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 50 39 y9d5 figs-activepassive 0 she will not be lived in If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will live in her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 40 r3e2 figs-doublet 0 no one will live there; no person will stay in her These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Babylon will be completely uninhabited. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “no one will ever live there again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 50 41 us4n 0 General Information: These verses are almost identical to [Jeremiah 6:22](../06/22.md) and [Jeremiah 6:23](../06/23.md). See how you translated those verses.
JER 50 41 p4d1 figs-explicit 0 See, a people is coming Yahweh speaks to the people of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “See, people of Babylon, a people is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 50 41 m77s figs-synecdoche 0 a great nation and many kings This phrase refers to the time when the Medes and Persians conquered Babylon in 539 BC. Here “nation” represents their armies. Alternate translation: “the armies of a great nation and many kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 50 41 qf6b figs-metaphor 0 are being stirred up from the farthest parts of the earth Being “stirred up” represents being urged to take action. Alternate translation: “are preparing to come from the most distant places on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 42 d5r3 figs-simile 0 Their sound is like the sea roar The loud noise that the soldiers make is compared to the loud noise of the sea. Alternate translation: “The sound that they make is very loud, like the sound of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 42 y1tc 0 they are riding on horses, set out in order as men for battle The phrase “set out in order” means that they have organized themselves and are riding in rows. The phrase “as men for battle” indicates that they are ready to fight. Alternate translation: “they are riding on horses in their assigned rows, and they are ready to fight”
JER 50 43 um5z figs-metaphor 0 Anguish seized him Feeling great anguish is spoken of as if anguish grabs the king of Babylon. Alternate translation: “He felt terrible anguish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 43 j129 figs-simile 0 like a woman giving birth The anguish that they feel because the enemy coming to attack them is compared to the anguish that a woman feels when she is about to give birth to a baby. Alternate translation: “like a woman who is about to give birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 44 g65t 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here tells the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention!”
JER 50 44 u7tz figs-simile 0 He goes up like a lion from the heights of the Jordan to the enduring grazing place This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Babylon, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “When I punish the people of Babylon, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of mountains and attacks sheep in the pasture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 50 44 wgy7 figs-activepassive 0 who will be chosen If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom I will choose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 44 g8wy figs-rquestion 0 For who is like me, and who will summon me? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that no one is like him. Alternate translation: “For no one is like me, no one can summon me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 50 44 ume1 figs-rquestion 0 What shepherd is able to resist me? Yahweh uses this question to show no one can defeat him. Here “shepherd” is a metaphor for “king” or “ruler.” Alternate translation: “No king is able to resist me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 45 h7vf 0 General Information: These verses are almost identical to [Jeremiah 49:20](../49/20.md) and [Jeremiah 49:21](../49/21.md). See how you translated those verses.
JER 50 45 bl7z figs-parallelism 0 the plans that Yahweh has decided against Babylon, the plans that he has planned against the land of the Chaldeans These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the plans that Yahweh has decided for the people of Babylon and the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 50 45 e83p figs-metaphor 0 They will certainly be dragged away, even the smallest flock This continues speaking of Yahweh punishing the people of Babylon as if he would come like a lion and attack the sheep. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will drag them away, even the smallest flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 45 dja3 figs-metaphor 0 even the smallest flock Here the youngest and weakest people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the smallest flock of sheep. Alternate translation: “even the youngest and weakest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 45 fwh2 figs-metaphor 0 Their pasturelands will be turned into ruined places Here the land of Babylonia is spoken of as if it were pasturelands for flocks. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will turn their pasturelands into ruined places” or “He will completely destroy the people who live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 46 q28h figs-metaphor 0 At the sound of conquered Babylon the earth shakes This phrase compares the fall of the once powerful nation of Babylon to the extremely loud noise of an earthquake. Alternate translation: “The fall of Babylon will sound like a mighty earthquake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 intro e537 0 # Jeremiah 51 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 51:1-64.<br><br>The prophesied destruction of Babylon continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Babylon destroyed<br><br>Babylon will be conquered and the Jews will return to their homeland. At this time, Babylon controlled almost the entire Near East. The fulfillment of this prophecy would have been unthinkable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]])<br><br>### Covenant with Abraham<br>Babylon is destroyed because it drove the people of Judah from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham’s descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
JER 51 1 bz33 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 51 1 az5v 0 a wind of destruction This could mean: (1) “a wind that destroys” or (2) “the spirit of a destroyer.” This would mean that Yahweh would cause or inspire the enemy army to go and attack Babylon.
JER 51 1 br1w translate-names 0 Leb Kamai This is code name for Chaldea, a region of Babylonia. It is not clear why Jeremiah uses this name here, so you may want to translate as “Chaldea” or “Babylonia.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 51 2 bdq6 figs-metaphor 0 scatter her and devastate her land … they will come against her The word “her,” a metaphor that refers to Babylon as if it were a woman, is also a metonym for the people who live in Babylon. Alternate translation: “separate the people who live there from each other, send them in different directions, and make their land empty … foreigners will attack the people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 2 w4jj figs-idiom 0 on the day of disaster The phrase “day of” is a Hebrew idiom for “when.” Alternate translation: “when I destroy Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 51 4 u6a8 figs-activepassive 0 those who are killed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom the attackers kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 5 u9ey figs-metonymy 0 Israel and Judah are not forsaken by their God, by Yahweh of hosts The words “Israel” and “Judah” are metonyms for the people of Israel and Judah. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts, the God of the people of Israel and Judah, has not forsaken them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 5 t4nl figs-metaphor 0 their land is filled with offenses committed against the Holy One of Israel The land in which they live is spoken of as if it were a container and their offenses as if they were solid objects that could fill the container. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **offenses**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “they have offended the Holy One of Israel everywhere throughout the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 51 6 ht2y figs-metaphor 0 in her iniquity Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman. The word “iniquity” is a metonym for God punishing the people for their iniquity. Alternate translation: “when Yahweh punishes Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 6 dia4 figs-metaphor 0 will repay all of it to her Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman, and the iniquity of the people is spoken of as if Yahweh needed to pay back a debt. The word “her,” meaning Babylon, is a metonym for the people of Babylon. Alternate translation: “will punish the Babylonians as much as they deserve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 7 tj8i figs-metaphor 0 Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of Yahweh that made all the world drunk The word “world” is a metonym for the people living in the nations surrounding Babylon. This could mean: (1) Making those people drunk could be a metaphor for Yahweh punishing those nations by allowing Babylon to conquer them. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a strong nation that Yahweh used to punish all the people of the surrounding nations severely” or (2) It could be a metaphor for those nations joining Babylon in worshiping idols and being violent. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a rich and powerful nation, and other nations wanted to become sinful just like it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 7 bqq8 figs-metaphor 0 Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of Yahweh Babylon being a powerful nation that Yahweh used for his own purposes is spoken of as if Babylon were a golden cup in his hand. Here “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 7 ye28 figs-metaphor 0 nations drank her wine and became insane This could mean: (1) “Babylon defeated and destroyed other nations” or (2) “nations enjoyed her riches and power and became evil.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 8 zm1s figs-activepassive 0 Babylon will … be destroyed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will destroy Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 8 l2ej figs-activepassive 0 perhaps she can be healed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “perhaps Yahweh can heal her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 9 v18i 0 General Information: Yahweh used Babylon to punish Judah and the nation. It is either the people of Judah or the people of the nations who are speaking the words in this quotation.
JER 51 9 cl11 figs-metonymy 0 Babylon … she is not healed … leave her … her guilt The name of the city is a metonym for the people who live there, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of Babylon … they are not healed … leave them … their guilt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 9 xi9j figs-activepassive 0 she is not healed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “we have not been able to heal her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 9 r4vl figs-metaphor 0 For her guilt reaches up to the heavens; it is piled up to the clouds Guilt is spoken of as if it were an object that could be made into a pile. The words “to the heavens” and “to the clouds” are an exaggeration for something that is very high. Alternate translation: “For Babylon is so very guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 51 10 sgl7 0 Yahweh has declared our innocence Yahweh had punished the Israelites for their sins, but now has let them return to him.
JER 51 11 np2a figs-apostrophe 0 General Information: Jeremiah is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon and their enemies, who cannot hear him, telling them that Yahweh will destroy Babylon before the Babylonians can prepare to defend themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER 51 13 s2hm figs-metaphor 0 The thread of your life is now cut short The people’s lives are spoken of as if they were threads that God could cut. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Your lives will be ended quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 14 tqq8 figs-simile 0 like a swarm of locusts The large number of enemy soldiers is spoken of as if they were a mass of locusts invading the city. Alternate translation: “with a large number of soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 51 14 mxl6 0 battle cry This is a shout that a soldier makes in battle.
JER 51 16 hr5x figs-metaphor 0 When he thunders, there is the roar of waters in the heavens These phrases compare the voice of Yahweh to the loud sound made by thunder and rain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 16 f1vn 0 storehouses A storehouse is a building where people keep things they might want to use in the future.
JER 51 17 w7tq 0 General Information: Translate many of the words in this verse as in [Jeremiah 10:14](../10/14.md).
JER 51 17 vgb8 figs-activepassive 0 Every metalworker is put to shame by his idols If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Every metalworker’s idols put him to shame” or “As for every metalworker, his idols shame him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 18 ux1i figs-personification 0 they will perish at the time of their punishment This speaks of the final destruction of the idols. Alternate translation: “there will be a time when God will destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 51 19 mei8 figs-metonymy 0 the portion of Jacob Here “Jacob” represents the people of Israel. God being their “portion” is an idiom that means that they worship him. Alternate translation: “the portion of Israel” or “whom the people of Israel worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 51 19 st72 figs-metaphor 0 Israel is the tribe of his inheritance This speaks of Israel belonging to Yahweh as if it were something that Yahweh gained through inheritance. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Israel belongs to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 20 ap1j figs-metaphor 0 With you I will smash Yahweh speaks of punishing people as if he were smashing them with a hammer. Alternate translation: “With you I will punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 22 b82y figs-metaphor 0 With you I will smash Yahweh speaks of punishing people as if he were smashing them with a hammer. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 51:20](../51/20.md). Alternate translation: “With you I will punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 22 n6g5 0 With you I will “I will use you to.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 51:20](../51/20.md).
JER 51 24 rf4t figs-abstractnouns 0 in your sight I will pay If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sight**, you can express the same idea with the verb “see.” Alternate translation: “you will see it when I pay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 51 24 r6wa figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 51 25 n2fb figs-apostrophe 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks to the people of Jerusalem, who could hear him, as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon, who could not hear him. He speaks to the city of Babylon as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon itself. He speaks of the city as if it were a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 25 gfh7 figs-metonymy 0 I will stretch out my hand against you The word “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. See how “I will attack the inhabitants of the land with my hand” is translated in [Jeremiah 6:12](../06/12.md). Alternate translation: “I will use my strength to attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 25 pu56 figs-metaphor 0 I will … roll you down from the cliffs Yahweh stops speaking of Babylon as a mountain and speaks of it as a building that he is breaking down and throwing away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 25 tb96 figs-metaphor 0 I will … make you a burned-out mountain Yahweh speaks of Babylon as no longer being the great “mountain of destruction” but now a mountain that he has destroyed. Alternate translation: “I will … make you a pile of useless rocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 25 b8fv figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 51 26 pw6e figs-abstractnouns 0 you will become an everlasting devastation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **devastation**, you can express the same idea with a verb “devastate.” Alternate translation: “I will devastate you and no one will ever rebuild you” or “I will turn you into an empty place where no one will ever live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 51 27 rw7n figs-parallelism 0 Lift up a banner … Blow the trumpet … Call … to attack Lifting a banner and blowing a trumpet are both ways of calling people to attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 51 27 hw53 0 banner “battle flag.” This is large flag for the soldiers to follow in battle.
JER 51 27 wq6v figs-metonymy 0 attack her The city of Babylon is a metonym for the people of Babylon, and it is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “attack the people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 27 hkx4 translate-names 0 Ararat … Minni … Ashkenaz These are names of nations or people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 51 27 w3wj figs-simile 0 bring up horses like swarming locusts Yahweh compares a great number of horses to a swarm of locusts. Alternate translation: “bring many horses with soldiers quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 51 29 s84v figs-metonymy 0 the land will shake and be in anguish The land is a metonym for the people who live on the land. Shaking and being in anguish are metonyms for being very afraid. Alternate translation: “the people who live in Babylon will shake with fear and be in anguish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 29 vd9r figs-metonymy 0 against Babylon The city of Babylon is a metonym for the people of Babylon. Alternate translation: “against the people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 30 a6hx figs-pastforfuture 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks of what will happen as if it had already happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JER 51 30 l7ic figs-metaphor 0 her homes are on fire, the bars of her gates are broken The city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the homes in the city are on fire, the bars of the city gates are broken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 31 wh3s figs-activepassive 0 his city has been taken This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemies have overcome the whole city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 32 j8z8 figs-activepassive 0 the fords over the river are seized This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemies have taken control of all the fords over the river” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 33 yz8h 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 51 33 mic2 figs-metonymy 0 The daughter of Babylon “Daughter of Babylon” here is another name for the people who live in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 33 w9he figs-simile 0 is like a threshing floor People thresh grain by trampling it on a threshing floor, and Yahweh speaks of people punishing the daughter of Babylon as if they were threshing grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 51 33 h2d9 figs-metaphor 0 It is time to trample her down Yahweh punishing the daughter of Babylon is spoken of as if he were trampling and threshing grain on a threshing floor. Alternate translation: “It is time to punish her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 33 i4ix figs-metaphor 0 the time of harvest will come to her The harvest is a metaphor for the result of the actions that the people did before. Babylon will experience the result of its people’s sins. Alternate translation: “God will punish her for her sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 34 e1t5 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: The speaker speaks as if he were a woman. The woman is a metaphor for the city of Jerusalem, which in turn is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 34 v2wg figs-metaphor 0 has made me an empty pot Babylon has taken everything from Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 34 v4f3 figs-simile 0 Like a monster Here Babylon is compared to a monster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 51 34 k3yc figs-metaphor 0 he has swallowed me Jerusalem compares its destruction to being swallowed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 34 g9pi figs-metaphor 0 he has filled his stomach with my delicious foods This continues to speak of Babylon as if it were a monster. This states in another way the previous idea that Babylon has taken everything from Israel. Here “foods” represents all the good things that were there before. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 34 uc2v figs-metaphor 0 he has spit me out Nebuchadnezzar took what he wanted and spit out what he did not want. Alternate translation: “he has vomited me up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 36 s6hs 0 General Information: This begins Yahweh’s reply to Jerusalem’s request in verses 34 and 35.
JER 51 36 duw6 figs-metaphor 0 I am about to plead your case and bring about vengeance Yahweh defending his people is spoken of as if he were a lawyer pleading their case in court. Alternate translation: “I will be like your lawyer to defend you and I will bring about vengeance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 40 y454 figs-simile 0 like lambs … male goats Lambs and goats do not know before it happens that people are going to slaughter them, and the Babylonians will not know before it happens that Yahweh is going to destroy them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 51 41 mjn3 figs-activepassive 0 How Babylon has been captured … How Babylon has become a ruined place The word “how” here shows that something that people thought was impossible has happened. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “We never thought that enemies could capture Babylon, but they have captured her … We never thought that Babylon could become a ruined place, but it has become a ruined place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 41 epv5 figs-metonymy 0 the praise of all the earth is seized The word “praise” is a metonym for the thing that people praised, and the word “earth” is a metonym for the people living on the earth. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemies have seized Babylon, the nation that everyone on earth praised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 42 jlw8 figs-metaphor 0 The sea … roaring waves Babylon’s enemies have overcome her. “Waves” represent many people groups overcoming Babylon. The words “sea” and “water” often represent the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 42 xv1n figs-activepassive 0 She is covered with its roaring waves This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Its roaring waves have covered her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 44 ua7k figs-metonymy 0 I will punish Bel Bel was the main god of the Babylonians and represents the whole country and the people that worshiped it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 44 x7hy figs-personification 0 out from his mouth what he swallowed Yahweh compares all the sacrifices and offerings to Bel to things he ate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 51 44 b1d8 figs-metaphor 0 the nations will no longer flow The many nations that come to Babylon to sacrifice to Bel is spoken of as a river that moves along. Alternate translation: “the people of other nations will no longer come in large groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 46 e7mp figs-activepassive 0 the news that is heard in the land If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when you hear the news that is in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 46 y5k9 figs-metonymy 0 Ruler will be against ruler The ruler is a metonym for the nations under his control. Alternate translation: “Nations will fight against other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 47 hh7n figs-metaphor 0 days are coming … when I will punish Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will punish” or “there will be a time … when I will punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 47 x6k7 figs-metaphor 0 I will punish the carved idols of Babylon Removing the idols of Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh would punish the idols. Alternate translation: “I will remove the carved idols of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 47 m3al figs-metonymy 0 Babylon … her land … her slaughtered ones … her midst The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of Babylon … their land … their slaughtered ones … their midst” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 48 r764 figs-metonymy 0 over Babylon … come for her The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “over the Babylonians … come for them … the Babylonians have made … their land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 48 a7da figs-personification 0 the heavens and the earth Heaven and earth are viewed as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 51 48 ry4n figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 51 49 y6sf figs-metonymy 0 Babylon has made … her land The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of Babylon … their land … their slaughtered ones … their midst … over the Babylonians … come for them … the Babylonians have made … their land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 50 v78z figs-metonymy 0 Survivors of the sword The sword is a metonym for war, in which soldiers use swords. Alternate translation: “You who have survived the war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 50 esb3 figs-idiom 0 Call Yahweh to mind from far away; let Jerusalem come to mind The phrases “Call … to mind” and “come to mind” are idioms that mean to think about or remember. Alternate translation: “Though you are far away, think about Yahweh; think about Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 51 51 u8ak figs-metaphor 0 reproach has covered our faces The speakers’ reaction to people expressing disapproval of them is spoken of as if it were a cover placed over the speakers’ faces. Alternate translation: “our faces show that we are hurt because others disapprove of us” or “we cover our faces in shame because others disapprove of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 52 t1lg figs-metaphor 0 days are coming … when I will punish Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will punish” or “there will be a time … when I will punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 52 ipn3 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 51 52 h25y figs-metaphor 0 I will punish her carved idols Removing or destroying idols is spoken of as if Yahweh would punish the idols. Alternate translation: “I will destroy her carved idols” or “I will remove her carved idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 52 c2dr figs-metonymy 0 her carved idols … her land The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their carved idols … their land … the Babylonians … their highest fortresses … to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 53 i44x figs-metonymy 0 her highest fortresses … to her The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their highest fortresses … to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 53 t773 figs-hypo 0 if Babylon went up … or fortified … destroyers would come from me This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh does not expect to happen. Alternate translation: “Babylon will not go up … or fortify … destroyers will surely come from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER 51 54 j9es figs-parallelism 0 A shout of distress came from Babylon, a great collapse from the land of the Chaldeans The same thought is expressed in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 51 55 i691 figs-metonymy 0 destroying Babylon … her loud voice The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “destroying the people of Babylon … their loud voices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 55 hs3i figs-simile 0 enemies roar like the waves of many waters The waves of the ocean and of flooding rivers make a loud sound, and the enemies will make a very loud sound as they come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 51 56 bdd2 figs-metonymy 0 against her—against Babylon!—and her warriors The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “against the people of Babylon—yes, against Babylon!—and their warriors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 56 sx3e figs-activepassive 0 her warriors have been captured This phrase can be changed to have an active verb. Alternate translation: “her enemies have captured her warriors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 57 n6e9 figs-metonymy 0 her princes, her sages, her officials, and her soldiers The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their princes, their sages, their officials, and their soldiers … their high gates … their aid … for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 57 gc1t figs-euphemism 0 they will sleep in an unending sleep and never wake up They will be dead. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 51:39](../51/39.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER 51 58 qv76 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 51 58 nvh5 figs-activepassive 0 The thick walls of Babylon will be completely demolished This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The invaders willl completely demolish the thick walls of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 58 v2lw figs-metonymy 0 her high gates … her aid … for her The city of Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their high gates … their aid … for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 58 ci1a figs-activepassive 0 her high gates will be burned This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will burn her high gates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 58 pt5b figs-activepassive 0 everything … will be burned up This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will burn up everything that the nations try to do for her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 59 x35d translate-names 0 Seraiah … Neriah … Mahseiah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 51 59 r4gy translate-ordinal 0 in the fourth year of his reign “after he had been king for three years.” This “fourth” is the ordinal number for four. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 51 60 f3pz 0 that were written about Babylon This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that he had written about Babylon”
JER 51 62 ctw9 0 animal If your language has a word for animals that normally live with people, you might want to use it here, because [Jeremiah 51:37](../51/37.md) states that Babylon will be inhabited by wild animals.
JER 51 64 rl23 figs-simile 0 Babylon will sink like this The stone and scroll will disappear in the water, the water will destroy the scroll, and Babylon will no longer look like a city or have buildings for people to live in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 52 intro izf6 0 # Jeremiah 52 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The chapter returns to a previous sequence of events and records Babylon’s conquering of Judah. It also records the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
JER 52 1 f3ew 0 General Information: Because of the words “Jeremiah’s words end here” in [Jeremiah 51:64](../51/64.md) and because the words here appear in other books of the Bible, many scholars believe that this chapter was written by someone other than Jeremiah and attached to the scroll that Jeremiah and Baruch wrote.
JER 52 1 pmi6 translate-names 0 Hamutal This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 52 1 w8zc translate-names 0 Libnah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 52 1 st4j translate-names 0 Jeremiah This refers to another man named Jeremiah, not the prophet Jeremiah who wrote this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 52 2 f21w figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 52 4 b8cu 0 It happened This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story.
JER 52 4 zq3a translate-ordinal 0 in the ninth year of the reign of King Zedekiah, in the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month after Zedekiah had been king for eight years, in the tenth calendar month, on the tenth day of the month (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 52 4 nk5w translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 52 5 g791 translate-ordinal 0 until the eleventh year of King Zedekiah’s reign until Zedekiah had been king for more than ten years (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 52 5 e3tj translate-ordinal 0 eleventh year “year eleven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 52 5 ws36 figs-activepassive 0 So the city was besieged This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “So they besieged the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 52 6 q88p translate-hebrewmonths 0 By the ninth day of the fourth month This is the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. The ninth day is near the beginning of July on Western calendars. Zedekiah had been king for ten years, three months, and eight days. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 52 7 ns94 figs-activepassive 0 the city was broken into This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonians broke through the wall around the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 52 7 e7li 0 the two walls the wall of the king’s garden and the wall of the city
JER 52 8 z99u figs-activepassive 0 All his army was scattered This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) “the Chaldeans scattered his entire army” or (2) “all of his soldiers ran away in different directions.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 52 9 e3yw translate-names 0 at Riblah in the land of Hamath Riblah was a town in the territory of Hamath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 52 10 rf5w figs-synecdoche 0 slaughtered Zedekiah’s sons before his own eyes The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah’s sons. Alternate translation: “forced Zedekiah to watch as the king of Babylon slaughtered Zedekiah’s sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 52 11 xk3k 0 he put out Zedekiah’s eyes “the king’s men made Zedekiah blind.” Use the common words for making a person blind. It is not clear that the king of Babylon took Zedekiah’s eyes out of his head. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon make Zedekiah blind.
JER 52 11 wdy8 0 the day of his death the day of Zedekiah’s death
JER 52 12 e83x translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the fifth month, on the tenth day of the month, which was the nineteenth year of the reign of King Nebuchadnezzar Nebuchadnezzar had been king for eighteen years, four months, and nine days. This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. The tenth day is near the beginning of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 52 22 f2ql translate-bdistance 0 five cubits A cubit was about 46 centimeters long. Alternate translation: “5 cubits” or “about 2.3 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
JER 52 24 l5rv 0 Seraiah See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 36:26](../36/26.md).
JER 52 26 ek3a translate-names 0 Nebuzaradan See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 52 30 yu52 translate-numbers 0 745…4,600 “seven hundred and forty-five … four thousand six hundred” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JER 52 31 n2d6 translate-ordinal 0 in the thirty-seventh year of the exile of Jehoiachin after Jehoiachin had been an exile for more than 36 years (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 52 31 rb62 translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the twelfth month, on the twenty-fifth day of the month This is the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fifth day is near the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 52 31 d6ug 0 It happened This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story.
JER 52 31 qhv9 translate-names 0 Awel-Marduk He became the king of Babylon after Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 52 33 fvq2 figs-metonymy 0 removed Jehoiachin’s prison clothes The reader should understand that removing his prison clothes represents making him a free man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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