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Added "Alternate translation:" labels as needed. (#2420) 

Co-authored-by: Larry Sallee <larry.sallee@unfoldingword.org>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2420
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Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
JER front intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Jeremiah<br><br>1. Yahweh calls Jeremiah to be a prophet (1:1-19)<br>1. Yahweh will judge and punish Judah (2:1-29:32)<br>- Judah called to repent of spiritual adultery (2:1–6:30)<br>- Judah judged for its false religion (7:1–10:16)<br>- Jeremiah stands between Yahweh and his people (11:1–20:19)<br>- Jeremiah confronts his people (21:1–29:32)<br>1. Yahweh promises to restore Judah (30:1-33:26)<br>- Yahweh will bring the people of Judah back to their land (30:1–24)<br>- Yahweh will create a new covenant with them (31:1–40)<br>- The people will come back (32:1–44)<br>- Kings descended from David will rule again (33:1–26)<br>1. Jeremiah suffers (34:1-45:5)<br>- Before Yahweh punishes Judah (34:1–36:32)<br>- While Yahweh punishes Judah (37:1–39:18)<br>- After Yahweh punishes Judah (40:1–45:5)<br>1. Yahweh will judge and punish the nations (46:1-51:64)<br>- Egypt (46:1–28)<br>- Philistia (47:1–28)<br>- Moab (48:1–47)<br>- Ammon (49:1–6)<br>- Edom (49:7–22)<br>- Damascus (49:23–27)<br>- Kedar (49:28–33)<br>- Elam (49:34–39)<br>- Babylonia (50:1–51:64)<br>1. Jerusalem captured and destroyed (52:1–34)<br><br>### What is the Book of Jeremiah about?<br><br>The Book of Jeremiah gives the prophesies of a priest named Jeremiah. It also tells how Jeremiah suffered in different ways while he prophesied.<br><br>Jeremiah began prophesying about 626 B.C. After the death of King Josiah, many groups of people in Israel opposed Jeremiah. Some of these people wanted to depend on Egypt to protect the nation. Others were idol worshipers. They hated Jeremiah for denouncing their gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br><br>During the reign of King Jehoiakim, Jeremiah prophesied about the temple of Yahweh. King Jehoiakim received some of these prophecies in writing and burned the document. The next king, Zedekiah, put Jeremiah in prison when he told the king to surrender to Babylon.<br><br>King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylonia invaded Judah in 597 B.C. He conquered Jerusalem in 587 B.C. He offered Jeremiah housing and money if Jeremiah would go to Babylon. But Jeremiah remained in Jerusalem to help the few Jews left there.<br><br>Shortly after that, Gedaliah, whom Nebuchadnezzar had chosen to be governor over Judah, was murdered. Some Jewish rebels captured Jeremiah and took him to Egypt. Those rebels went to Egypt to be protected there rather than to live under Nebuchadnezzar’s rule. Jeremiah may have died soon after being taken to Egypt. But while in Egypt he prophesied that the Babylonians would invade and conquer Egypt.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The traditional title of this book is “The Book of Jeremiah” or just “Jeremiah.” Translators may also call it the “The Book about Jeremiah” or “What the Prophet Jeremiah Said.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Jeremiah?<br><br>Jeremiah was a priest and a prophet living in Judah. He spoke the prophesies in the Book of Jeremiah. A friend named Baruch wrote down many of the prophecies as Jeremiah spoke them to him.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What is the new covenant that is presented in the Book of Jeremiah?<br><br>Jeremiah introduced a “new covenant” between Yahweh and Israel (chapter 31). Yahweh would “write this covenant on the hearts” of the people. This means that the covenant would be a part of the people instead of just written on stone or paper. The people would obey the new covenant with all their heart. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>### What relationship do Jeremiah’s prophecies have to the other nations besides Israel?<br><br>Much of the Old Testament before this time is only about the nation of Israel. But Jeremiah also spoke of how Yahweh would judge other nations of the world. Yahweh would also punish the other nations for their wicked deeds. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Are the events in the Book of Jeremiah told in the order that they actually happened?<br><br>Many of the events in the Book of Jeremiah are not told in the order that they actually happened. Instead, the various prophecies appear to be arranged by topic.<br><br>### Why does the Book of Jeremiah refer to this prophet as “he” or “him”?<br><br>Many times in the book, the author refers to Jeremiah as “Jeremiah” or “he.” This is unusual if Jeremiah wrote the book. The reason this occurs is perhaps because Baruch, Jeremiah’s secretary, wrote down some parts of the book. Translators should keep the words “Jeremiah” and “he.”
JER 1 intro e235 0 # Jeremiah 1 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 1:4-10.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jeremiah appointed as prophet<br><br>God chose Jeremiah to be his prophet and although many powerful people would be against him, God promised to protect him. This chapter emphasizes that Jeremiah was chosen by God to be his prophet. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br><br>### Northern kingdom<br>This was not a reference to the northern kingdom of Israel; it had already been conquered. It was a reference to a kingdom located north of Judah, that is, to Babylon. The Babylonian armies would attack Judah and conquer it.<br><br>### Opposition<br>The people were supposed to listen to God’s prophet. When he prophesied, they should have repented. Instead, they persecuted Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
JER 1 1 zm8t 0 Jeremiah son of Hilkiah, one of the priests “Jeremiah son of Hilkiah. Jeremiah was one of the priests”
JER 1 1 zm8t 0 Jeremiah son of Hilkiah, one of the priests Alternate translation: “Jeremiah son of Hilkiah. Jeremiah was one of the priests”
JER 1 1 ynh2 translate-names 0 Hilkiah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 1 1 hbs3 translate-names 0 Anathoth This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 1 1 m9zz 0 the land of Benjamin “the land that belongs to the tribe of Benjamin”
JER 1 1 m9zz 0 the land of Benjamin Alternate translation: “the land that belongs to the tribe of Benjamin”
JER 1 2 qj8r figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to him This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to him” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 1 2 tdx8 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
JER 1 2 gg1j figs-idiom 0 in the days of Josiah son of Amon, king of Judah Here “in the days of” is an idiom that refers to the time when a king reigned. Alternate translation: “when Josiah son of Amon was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 1 2 xy18 translate-ordinal 0 the thirteenth The word “thirteenth” is the ordinal form of “13.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 1 2 bvz7 translate-names 0 Amon This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 1 2 h452 0 his reign “Josiah’s reign”
JER 1 2 h452 0 his reign Alternate translation: “Josiah’s reign”
JER 1 3 wl81 translate-ordinal 0 the eleventh The word “eleventh” is the ordinal form of “11.”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 1 3 vh91 0 It also came “The word of Yahweh also came”
JER 1 3 vh91 0 It also came Alternate translation: “The word of Yahweh also came”
JER 1 3 iba7 figs-idiom 0 in the days of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah Here “in the days of” is an idiom that refers to the time when a king reigned. Alternate translation: “when Johoiakim son of Josiah was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 1 3 ui8x translate-hebrewmonths 0 the fifth month This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 1 3 xqi2 figs-explicit 0 of Zedekiah This refers to the rule of Zedekiah. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “of the reign of Zedekiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 1 3 g4f3 figs-activepassive 0 when the people of Jerusalem were taken away as prisoners This can be stated in active form. It can be stated clearly that they were taken to Babylon. Alternate translation: “when the army of Babylon took the people of Jerusalem away as prisoners” or “when the army of Babylon took the people of Jerusalem as prisoners to Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 1 4 vzg7 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to me, saying This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 1 5 j2el 0 formed you “shaped you”
JER 1 5 j2el 0 formed you Alternate translation: “shaped you”
JER 1 5 f9sn 0 before you came out from the womb This can also be expressed without referring to the womb. Alternate translation: “before you were born”
JER 1 6 x52n 0 Ah, Lord Yahweh Here “Ah” shows Jeremiah’s fear of doing what God has said.
JER 1 6 j6eh figs-hyperbole 0 I do not know how to speak Jeremiah may have been exaggerating to show his fear of speaking in public. Alternate translation: “I do not know how to speak in public” or “I do not know how to make announcements to people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 1 8 r2iu 0 Do not be afraid of them “Do not be afraid of the people I will send you to speak to”
JER 1 8 r2iu 0 Do not be afraid of them Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid of the people I will send you to speak to”
JER 1 8 jk96 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration The word “this” refers to what Yahweh just said in verses 7 and 8.
JER 1 8 tfp9 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 1 9 gq1r figs-metaphor 0 Then Yahweh reached out with his hand, touched my mouth This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor representing Yahweh giving Jeremiah special authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then it was as though Yahweh touched my mouth” or (2) Jeremiah was seeing a vision and Yahweh actually did this as a symbolic act of giving Jeremiah authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh touched my mouth with his hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
@ -46,12 +46,12 @@ JER 1 15 eu1c figs-hyperbole 0 everyone This generalization refers to the kings
JER 1 15 duv8 figs-metaphor 0 will set his throne at the entrance of the gates of Jerusalem This could mean: (1) this represents ruling over Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will rule at the gates of Jerusalem” or (2) this represents judging Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will judge Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 1 15 j1zf figs-metonymy 0 against all the walls that surround it Setting their thrones “against all the walls that surround it” represents commanding their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “and they will command their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 1 15 d8i9 figs-metonymy 0 against all the cities of Judah Setting their thrones “against all the cities of Judah” represents commanding their armies to destroy all the cities of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 1 16 gg7p 0 I will pronounce sentence against them “I will announce how I will punish them”
JER 1 16 wrh7 0 I will pronounce sentence against them “I will pronounce sentence against the people of Judah”
JER 1 16 gg7p 0 I will pronounce sentence against them Alternate translation: “I will announce how I will punish them”
JER 1 16 wrh7 0 I will pronounce sentence against them Alternate translation: “I will pronounce sentence against the people of Judah”
JER 1 16 s442 0 worshiping what they made with their own hands Since the people had made the idols with their own hands, they should have known that the idols are not worthy of worship.
JER 1 17 k94h 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
JER 1 17 qw4v figs-metaphor 0 Do not be shattered … I will shatter you Here “be shattered” represents being extremely afraid, and “shatter” represents causing Jeremiah to be extremely afraid. Alternate translation: “Do not be terrified … I will terrify you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 1 18 q32g 0 Behold! “Pay attention!”
JER 1 18 q32g 0 Behold! Alternate translation: “Pay attention!”
JER 1 18 k16n figs-metaphor 0 Today I have made you a fortified city, an iron pillar, and bronze walls against the whole land Being strong like these things represents being confident and unchanging in saying what God had told him to say. Alternate translation: “I have made you strong against the whole land like a fortified city, an iron pillar, and bronze walls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 1 18 l1sl figs-metaphor 0 iron … bronze These were the strongest materials known at that time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 1 18 u7cf figs-metonymy 0 the whole land This represents all the people of the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ JER 1 19 zp53 0 They will fight against you This refers to the people of Judah
JER 1 19 c3xx figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 2 intro cx16 0 # Jeremiah 2 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 2:1-31.<br><br>The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 2:1-3:5. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The people refuse to learn<br><br>The people worshiped other gods, particularly the fertility gods of Baal and Ashtoreth. Even when the nation was punished, the people did not learn. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Israel is compared to a female camel or a wild donkey for being unstable and lustful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 1 n8ww figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 2 2 g2d8 0 Go and proclaim in the hearing of Jerusalem “Go and speak where the people in Jerusalem can hear you”
JER 2 2 mz95 0 I have called to mind on your behalf “I remember about you”
JER 2 2 g2d8 0 Go and proclaim in the hearing of Jerusalem Alternate translation: “Go and speak where the people in Jerusalem can hear you”
JER 2 2 mz95 0 I have called to mind on your behalf Alternate translation: “I remember about you”
JER 2 2 jw4x figs-abstractnouns 0 the covenant faithfulness in your youthfulness, your love The abstract nouns “faithfulness,” “youthfulness” and “love” can be expressed with the adjectives “faithful” and “young,” and the verb “love.” Alternate translation: “how, when you were young, you were faithful to our covenant, and how you loved me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 2 2 p3v3 figs-metaphor 0 when we were engaged God speaks of his relationship with the people of Israel as though they had been engaged to be married. Alternate translation: “when we first agreed that we would marry each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 2 gl65 figs-activepassive 0 the land that was not sown This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “the land where no one had sown seed” or “the land where no food was growing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -81,14 +81,14 @@ JER 2 6 sb9y figs-rquestion 0 Where is Yahweh, who led us … lives? This rheto
JER 2 6 xpu1 figs-metaphor 0 a land of drought and deep darkness A “land of drought” is a land that does not have enough water. Here “deep darkness” is a metaphor for danger. Alternate translation: “a dangerous land where there is not enough water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 7 e78y figs-parallelism 0 you defiled my land, you made my inheritance an abomination! These two phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “you sinned and made the land I gave you disgusting to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 2 7 z346 figs-metaphor 0 you defiled my land Here “defiled” represents making the land unacceptable to God. They did this by sinning against him there when they worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “by sinning, you made my land no good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 7 x8z6 0 you made my inheritance an abomination “you made my inheritance disgusting by your sin” or “by sinning, you made my inheritance repulsive”
JER 2 7 x8z6 0 you made my inheritance an abomination Alternate translation: “you made my inheritance disgusting by your sin” or “by sinning, you made my inheritance repulsive”
JER 2 7 bs45 figs-metaphor 0 my inheritance This could mean: (1) God is speaking of his land as if he had inherited it. Alternate translation: “my land” or (2) God is speaking of the land he gave to Israel as if he had given it to them as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land I gave you” or “the land I gave you as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 8 kt1g figs-rquestion 0 Where is Yahweh? This question would have shown that they wanted to obey Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need to obey Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 2 8 hl48 0 did not care about me “were not committed to me” or “rejected me”
JER 2 8 hl48 0 did not care about me Alternate translation: “were not committed to me” or “rejected me”
JER 2 8 vv8y figs-metaphor 0 The shepherds transgressed against me The leaders are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people who followed them were sheep. Alternate translation: “Their leaders sinned against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 8 fs7t figs-metaphor 0 walked after unprofitable things Here “walked after” represents obeying or worshiping. Alternate translation: “obeyed unprofitable things” or “worshiped unprofitable things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 8 b2si 0 unprofitable things Unprofitable things are things that cannot help a person. Here it refers to idols.
JER 2 9 wb2t 0 your sons’ sons “your future generations”
JER 2 9 wb2t 0 your sons’ sons Alternate translation: “your future generations”
JER 2 10 m3dc translate-names 0 cross over to the coasts of Kittim Kittim was an island west of Israel. Today it is called Cyprus. It represented all the lands far to the west of Israel. Alternate translation: “go west across the ocean to Kittim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 2 10 r42k translate-names 0 Send messengers out to Kedar Kedar is the name of a land far to the east of Israel. Alternate translation: “Send messengers far east to the land of Kedar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 2 11 g27j figs-rquestion 0 Has a nation exchanged gods … gods? God uses this question to tell the people of Israel that other nations continue to worship their own gods. They do not change and worship other gods. Alternate translation: “You will see that no nation has ever exchanged gods … gods.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ JER 2 20 i6lm 0 fetters chains used to restrain a person or an animal
JER 2 20 e3b8 figs-metaphor 0 since you bowed down on every high hill and beneath every leafy tree, you adulterer What they bowed down to can be stated clearly. Here “adulterer” is a metaphor for someone who is unfaithful to God. Alternate translation: “You bowed down to idols and worshiped them instead of me, like an adulterous wife who is unfaithful to her husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 20 rwq2 0 beneath below
JER 2 21 ppz2 figs-metaphor 0 I planted you as a choice vine, completely from pure seed God speaks of making his people into a great nation in Canaan as if they were the seed of a grapevine that he had planted. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, started you with a very good beginning, like a farmer who uses excellent seed to plant the best kind of vine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 21 w7eu 0 a choice vine “a vine of very good quality”
JER 2 21 w7eu 0 a choice vine Alternate translation: “a vine of very good quality”
JER 2 21 ys3q 0 completely from pure seed Here “pure seed” is the best seed that has not been mixed with seed that is not good. Alternate translation: “that grew from excellent seed”
JER 2 21 ht1q figs-rquestion 0 How then have you have changed yourself into a corrupt, worthless vine? God uses this question to rebuke his people for changing and becoming like a corrupt worthless vine. Alternate translation: “But you have changed yourself into a corrupt, worthless vine!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 2 22 d3qb figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -155,12 +155,12 @@ JER 2 31 r2gx figs-rquestion 0 Why would my people say, ‘Let us wander around
JER 2 31 c46a 0 wander move around or go to different places usually without any particular purpose or direction
JER 2 32 ajg9 figs-ellipsis 0 Will a virgin forget her jewelry, a bride her veils The words “will” and “forget” are understood to be part of the second phrase also. Alternate translation: “Will a virgin forget her jewelry, and will a bride forget her veils” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 2 32 snl1 figs-rquestion 0 Will a virgin forget her jewelry, a bride her veils? God uses this question to introduce the idea of remembering things that are important to someone. Alternate translation: “You know that a virgin would never forget to put on her jewelry, and a bride would never forget to put on her veils.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 2 32 el7h 0 days without number “a very long time”
JER 2 32 el7h 0 days without number Alternate translation: “a very long time”
JER 2 33 amu3 figs-irony 0 How well you make your way to look for love God appears to be praising his people for looking for love, but this is irony. He was showing that he was angry with them for being unfaithful to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER 2 33 sl8c figs-metaphor 0 to look for love God speaks of his people worshiping other gods as if they were a woman who is unfaithful to her husband and is looking for other men to love her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 33 ymk8 figs-irony 0 You have even taught your ways to wicked women God speaks of how unfaithful his people are to him as though they were even teaching prostitutes how to be unfaithful to their husbands and find other men to be their lovers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER 2 34 t7iw figs-explicit 0 The blood that was the life of innocent, poor people has been found on your clothes Blood on their clothes was evidence that they had killed people. Alternate translation: “The blood of innocent, poor people on your clothes shows that you are guilty of killing them” or “You are guilty of killing poor and innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 2 34 z8tn 0 The blood that was the life “The blood that represents the life”
JER 2 34 z8tn 0 The blood that was the life Alternate translation: “The blood that represents the life”
JER 2 34 bb1t figs-activepassive 0 These people were not discovered in acts of burglary If they found people in an act of burglary, this might have been an excuse for killing them. But the people that they murdered were innocent. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You did not discover these people stealing things” or “But you killed them even though they were not even stealing anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 2 35 w9ip figs-personification 0 surely his anger has turned away from me Here anger is spoken of as if it were a person that could turn away from Israel. Its turning represents Yahweh’s stopping be angry with Israel. Alternate translation: “surely Yahweh has stopped being angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 2 35 w15i figs-metonymy 0 I will bring down judgment on you Here “judgment” represents punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ JER 2 36 s2aj 0 lightly without care or concern
JER 2 36 gc4f 0 You will also be disappointed by Egypt This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Egypt will also disappoint you”
JER 2 36 jiq5 figs-explicit 0 You will also be disappointed by Egypt The people of Israel will be sad because the army of Egypt will not be able protect them. Alternate translation: “You will be disappointed when Egypt does not protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 2 36 f9em figs-ellipsis 0 just as you were by Assyria The word “disappointed” is understood from the previous phrase. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “just as you were disappointed by Assyria” or “just as Assyria disappointed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 2 37 e943 0 You will also go out from there “You will go out from Egypt”
JER 2 37 e943 0 You will also go out from there Alternate translation: “You will go out from Egypt”
JER 2 37 tk5j translate-symaction 0 with your hands on your head This is a symbol of shame. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 2 37 dzs3 figs-activepassive 0 so you will not be helped by them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so they will not help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 3 intro v6u2 0 # Jeremiah 3 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:1-5, 12-17, 19-25.<br><br>The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 2:1-3:5. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. The same is true for 3:19-4:3. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Judah told to repent<br><br>If Judah repents, God will bring the people back from the captivity into which he is going to send them. In this book, “Israel” serves as another name Judah because the northern kingdom of Israel no longer exists. The people group formed by these ten tribes had been scattered among the other nations by the Assyrians, who had conquered them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>### Adultery<br>Judah’s faithlessness to God is often pictured as adultery. This is a common image in Scripture. When Judah does not worship God, their nation is spoken of as if it were a woman unfaithful to her husband. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ JER 3 3 ry2i figs-metonymy 0 you have the forehead of a prostitute The arroganc
JER 3 5 gxd9 0 Connecting Statement: The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you not” in verse 4 ends here.
JER 3 5 tm6g figs-rquestion 0 Will he … to the end?’ The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you not” in verse 4 ends here. God uses this question to rebuke his people for calling out to him and saying these things. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have just called out to me: ‘My father … youth! Will he … to the end?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 3 5 ks4c figs-rquestion 0 Will he always be angry? Will he always keep his wrath to the end? These questions express the people’s hope that God will not be angry with them forever. They can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Surely he will not always be angry. Surely he will not always keep his wrath to the end.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 3 5 ad4m 0 Look! “pay attention” or “listen”
JER 3 5 ad4m 0 Look! Alternate translation: “pay attention” or “listen”
JER 3 6 q6wm figs-rquestion 0 Do you see what faithless Israel has done? God uses this question to draw Jeremiah’s attention to Israel’s faithlessness. It can be translated as a command or a statement. Alternate translation: “See how faithless Israel is to me.” or “You see how faithless Israel is to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 3 6 pea6 figs-metaphor 0 She has gone up The people of Israel are spoken of as if Israel were a woman. Alternate translation: “Israel’s people have gone up” or “They have gone up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 6 q6pr figs-hyperbole 0 every high hill and under every leafy tree The tops of hills and under shade trees were common places for people to worship idols. The word “every” is used as a generalization to show that the people were worshiping idols in many different places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@ -227,15 +227,15 @@ JER 3 20 p93d figs-simile 0 But like a woman faithless to her husband, you have
JER 3 20 ay61 figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “kingdom of Israel” or “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 3 20 y4z7 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 3 21 jt6v figs-activepassive 0 A voice is heard This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People hear a noise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 3 21 n3ty 0 the weeping and pleading of the people of Israel “the people of Israel crying and begging loudly”
JER 3 21 n3ty 0 the weeping and pleading of the people of Israel Alternate translation: “the people of Israel crying and begging loudly”
JER 3 21 kza9 figs-metaphor 0 they have forgotten Yahweh their God Here “have forgotten” represents neglecting or ignoring. Alternate translation: “They have ignored Yahweh their God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 22 y37e figs-metaphor 0 I will heal you of treachery! This could mean: (1) “heal you of treachery” represents causing Israel to stop being unfaithful to God. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to stop being unfaithful to me” or (2) “heal you of treachery” represents forgiving Israel for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: “I will forgive your treachery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 22 n26k 0 heal you of treachery “heal you so you will stop being unfaithful to me”
JER 3 22 n26k 0 heal you of treachery Alternate translation: “heal you so you will stop being unfaithful to me”
JER 3 22 z8l6 figs-ellipsis 0 Behold! We will come to you It is understood that this is what the people of Israel will say. Alternate translation: “The people will reply, ‘Behold! We will come to you” or “You will say “Behold! We will come to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 3 22 t3nz 0 Behold “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
JER 3 22 t3nz 0 Behold Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
JER 3 23 az6h figs-metonymy 0 Surely lies come from the hills Here “the hills” represent the people’s worship of false gods on the hills. The people now realize that those false gods could not guide and help them. Alternate translation: “The false gods that we worshiped on the hills could not guide us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 3 23 uic1 figs-explicit 0 a confusing noise from the mountains People made a lot of noise on the hills and mountains when they worshiped false gods. Alternate translation: “We made a confusing noise on the mountains while we worshiped them, but they did not help us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 3 23 n3uy 0 surely Yahweh our God is the salvation of Israel “surely Yahweh our God is the savior of Israel” or “surely Yahweh our God is the only one who can save Israel”
JER 3 23 n3uy 0 surely Yahweh our God is the salvation of Israel Alternate translation: “surely Yahweh our God is the savior of Israel” or “surely Yahweh our God is the only one who can save Israel”
JER 3 24 q1yv 0 their flocks and cattle, their sons and daughters This is a list of animals and people that the people of Israel had killed and offered to the idols.
JER 3 25 qy9p figs-parallelism 0 Let us lie down in shame. May our shame cover us These phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that the people are fully aware of their shameful behavior. Alternate translation: “Let us be completely humiliated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 3 25 ny7e figs-metaphor 0 May our shame cover us Being fully aware of their shame is spoken of as if shame were covering them like a blanket or a garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ JER 4 3 u4kd figs-metaphor 0 Plow your own ground, and do not sow among thorns
JER 4 4 wva4 figs-metaphor 0 Circumcise yourselves to Yahweh, and remove the foreskins of your heart Yahweh describes the people’s devotion to him in terms of the physical sign of covenant. Alternate translation: “Dedicate yourselves completely to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 4 pp1f figs-parallelism 0 Circumcise yourselves … remove the foreskins of your heart These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 4 4 kf3t figs-simile 0 my fury will break out like fire, and burn with no one to quench it Yahweh speaks of becoming extremely angry as if his anger were fire. Alternate translation: “my anger will burn like a fire and no one will be able to stop it” or “I will be extremely angry, and no one will be able to stop me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 4 4 tw9h 0 fury “great anger”
JER 4 4 tw9h 0 fury Alternate translation: “great anger”
JER 4 5 e8kp figs-parallelism 0 Report in Judah and let it be heard in Jerusalem These phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 4 5 j19h figs-activepassive 0 let it be heard in Jerusalem This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “cause the people in Jerusalem to hear it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 4 5 lrv2 0 Blow the trumpet in the land The trumpet would warn the people that their enemies were coming to attack them.
@ -273,16 +273,16 @@ JER 4 9 l39s figs-metonymy 0 the hearts of the king and his officials will die
JER 4 10 u3zu figs-personification 0 the sword is striking against their life Here enemies being ready to kill people is spoken of as if the sword was a person striking at people. Alternate translation: “our enemies are ready to slaughter us with their swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 4 11 eaf4 figs-activepassive 0 it will be said This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 4 11 l2gl figs-metaphor 0 burning wind from the plains Here a “burning wind” represents a fierce and merciless enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 11 apu1 0 will make its way “will travel” or “will rush”
JER 4 11 apu1 0 will make its way Alternate translation: “will travel” or “will rush”
JER 4 11 c8vv figs-metaphor 0 the daughter of my people Yahweh shows his love for his people by speaking of them as a daughter. Alternate translation: “my people, who are like a daughter to me” or “my dear people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 11 y4pq figs-doublet 0 It will not winnow or cleanse them The words “winnow” and “cleanse” refer to blowing away the useless skins from grain. Only a light wind was needed for that. Alternate translation: “It will not be a light wind for blowing the chaff away from the grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 12 xws1 figs-metaphor 0 A wind far stronger than that far stronger than the “burning wind” of verse 11. The wind is a metaphor for a fierce and merciless enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 12 s27n 0 will come at my command “will come when I command it to come”
JER 4 12 s27n 0 will come at my command Alternate translation: “will come when I command it to come”
JER 4 12 rx21 0 at my command This expression in Hebrew is interpreted by some modern versions as “for me” or “from me.”
JER 4 12 y377 0 pass sentence against them “announce their punishment”
JER 4 12 y377 0 pass sentence against them Alternate translation: “announce their punishment”
JER 4 13 t3g7 figs-simile 0 See, he is attacking like clouds The word “he” refers to the enemy king and his army. The great size of the army is spoken of as if they were giant storm clouds. Alternate translation: “See, great armies like giant clouds are gathering to attack” or “See, great armies are gathering to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 4 13 y26t figs-simile 0 his chariots are like a storm The enemies’ chariots are spoken of as if they were like a storm. Storms can be noisy, destructive, and fast-moving. Alternate translation: “the roar of their chariots coming is like a fierce storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 4 13 pd5b 0 Woe to us “This is terrible”
JER 4 13 pd5b 0 Woe to us Alternate translation: “This is terrible”
JER 4 13 rkz7 figs-activepassive 0 for we will be devastated This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for they will devastate us” or “for they will destroy us all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 4 14 n8cb figs-metaphor 0 Cleanse your heart from wickedness, Jerusalem This is a warning to the people living in Jerusalem to repent. “Cleanse your heart” is a metaphor for removing evil from their lives. Alternate translation: “People of Jerusalem, stop being evil” or “People of Jerusalem, stop living wickedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 14 wj5b figs-rquestion 0 How long will your deepest thoughts be about how to sin? This question is used to rebuke the people for always planning how to sin. Alternate translation: “Your deepest thoughts are about how to sin!” or “You are always thinking about how to sin!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -303,19 +303,19 @@ JER 4 20 eaz9 figs-activepassive 0 Suddenly my tents are destroyed This can be
JER 4 20 edb5 figs-ellipsis 0 my curtains in a moment The words “are destroyed” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “my curtains are destroyed in a moment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 4 20 b4gs 0 my curtains Curtains are cloths that are hung to separate the rooms in the tents.
JER 4 21 k2xu figs-rquestion 0 How long will I see the standard? Will I hear the sound of the horn? Jeremiah uses these questions to show his distress about seeing the battle flag and hearing the sound of the horn for such a long time. He wishes that the battle would end soon. It can be stated as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Oh, how I wish that the battle would end, and the flag would be lowered, and the sound of the army’s horn would stop” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 4 21 cy1e 0 the standard “the battle flag”
JER 4 21 cy1e 0 the standard Alternate translation: “the battle flag”
JER 4 21 bdm1 0 the sound of the horn Someone would blow the horn as a signal for battle.
JER 4 22 q9tl figs-explicit 0 For the foolishness of my people … do not know to do good. It can be stated clearly that Yahweh says this. This is probably his reply to Jeremiah, telling why the battle is still happening. Alternate translation: “Yahweh replied, ‘It is because of the foolishness of my people … do not know to do good.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 4 22 ci3d 0 idiotic people “stupid people”
JER 4 22 ci3d 0 idiotic people Alternate translation: “stupid people”
JER 4 23 lj51 0 General Information: Jeremiah describes a vision that God gave him about things that would happen later.
JER 4 23 r4yf 0 Behold The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
JER 4 23 p6iz 0 formless and empty This vision is a prophecy of what the land of Israel would be like after the people were all taken into captivity.
JER 4 23 ex8r 0 there was no light for the heavens “there were no lights in the sky”
JER 4 26 y7ek 0 all the cities had been pulled down “all the cities had been destroyed” or “all the cities were a heap of ruins”
JER 4 23 ex8r 0 there was no light for the heavens Alternate translation: “there were no lights in the sky”
JER 4 26 y7ek 0 all the cities had been pulled down Alternate translation: “all the cities had been destroyed” or “all the cities were a heap of ruins”
JER 4 26 zkf9 0 before Yahweh, before the fury of his wrath This indicates that all these things would happen because Yahweh was so angry with the people of Judah.
JER 4 27 zmu6 0 All the land will become a devastation “All the land of Judah will be devastated” or “all the land of Judah will be ruined”
JER 4 27 zmu6 0 All the land will become a devastation Alternate translation: “All the land of Judah will be devastated” or “all the land of Judah will be ruined”
JER 4 28 a8f6 figs-personification 0 the land will mourn, and the heavens above will darken Jeremiah emphasizes Yahweh’s judgment by saying that the earth itself expresses great sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 4 28 p7nd 0 I will not hold back “I will not change my mind”
JER 4 28 p7nd 0 I will not hold back Alternate translation: “I will not change my mind”
JER 4 28 nz7a figs-metaphor 0 I will not turn from carrying them out Here “turn” represents deciding not to do what he said he would do. Alternate translation: “I will not change my mind about doing what I said I would do” or “I will not refuse to do what I planned to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 29 s7su figs-metonymy 0 Every city Here “city” represents the people living in the city. Alternate translation: “The people of every city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 4 29 w9pv 0 cavalry a group of soldiers riding horses
@ -326,19 +326,19 @@ JER 4 30 n253 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Judah.
JER 4 30 cmv6 figs-rquestion 0 Now that you have been devastated, what will you do? This question is used to tell the people of Judah that there is nothing they can do to help themselves. Alternate translation: “Now that your enemies have devastated you, there is nothing you can do to find help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 4 30 r96u figs-explicit 0 you dress in scarlet … gold jewelry … eyes … with paint God speaks of the people of Judah as if they were a prostitute making herself look beautiful in order to attract men to her. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Like a prostitute you dress in scarlet … good jewelry … eyes … with paint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 4 30 qfd4 figs-metonymy 0 you dress in scarlet Here “scarlet” represents expensive, red clothing. Alternate translation: “you wear expensive red clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 4 30 r71v 0 adorn yourself with gold jewelry “you put on gold jewelry”
JER 4 30 r71v 0 adorn yourself with gold jewelry Alternate translation: “you put on gold jewelry”
JER 4 30 z4md figs-metaphor 0 men who lusted for you now reject you God speaks of the nations that Judah had depended on for wealth and business as if they were men who lusted after Judah. Those nations would reject Judah when they see God’s judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 30 vu5x figs-metonymy 0 they are trying to take away your life Here “trying to take your life away” represents trying to kill the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “They are trying to kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 4 31 fqh9 figs-simile 0 distress as in the birth This simile is used to show how greatly distressed Judah will be. Alternate translation: “severe distress as in the pain and suffering a woman has while giving birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 4 31 l6l7 figs-metaphor 0 the daughter of Zion God shows his love for the people of Jerusalem by speaking of them as a daughter. Alternate translation: “my dear daughter, Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 31 j9ka 0 Woe to me “I am in great danger”
JER 4 31 r56w 0 I am fainting “I am becoming weak”
JER 4 31 j9ka 0 Woe to me Alternate translation: “I am in great danger”
JER 4 31 r56w 0 I am fainting Alternate translation: “I am becoming weak”
JER 5 intro hq1g 0 # Jeremiah 5 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 5:1-31.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br>### Hyperbole<br>It is possible that Yahweh is using the word “a” (meaning “even one”) as hyperbole when he states, “If you can find a man or anyone who is acting justly and trying to act faithfully, then I will forgive Jerusalem.” The purpose of this is to show how evil Jerusalem had become. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Yahweh asks several rhetorical questions in this chapter. This is intended to show Jeremiah the justness of his actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 5 1 wtq8 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 5 1 a164 0 Rush about through the streets “Go quickly through the streets”
JER 5 1 ig3t 0 Then look and think about this “look and find out”
JER 5 1 a164 0 Rush about through the streets Alternate translation: “Go quickly through the streets”
JER 5 1 ig3t 0 Then look and think about this Alternate translation: “look and find out”
JER 5 1 qf12 0 city squares broad and open places in a city where people can gather
JER 5 1 rhm7 0 who is acting justly “who does what is just”
JER 5 1 rhm7 0 who is acting justly Alternate translation: “who does what is just”
JER 5 2 y47l 0 Although they say The word “they” refers to the people of Jerusalem.
JER 5 2 ey96 figs-idiom 0 As Yahweh lives “as surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 5 3 cl5c figs-rquestion 0 do your eyes not look for faithfulness? Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that what Yahweh really wants is faithfulness. Wanting people to be faithful is spoken of as looking for faithfulness. Alternate translation: “you look for faithfulness.” or “you want people to be faithful.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ JER 5 7 i1na 0 these people the people of Jerusalem
JER 5 7 duz8 figs-personification 0 Your sons Yahweh is speaking to Jerusalem as though she were a woman who had children. Jerusalem’s “sons” represent the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 5 7 mvg1 figs-metaphor 0 I fed them fully Providing all they needed is spoken of as feeding them. Alternate translation: “I gave them everything they needed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 7 cc9s figs-metaphor 0 they committed adultery and walked in great numbers to the houses of prostitutes This may be a metaphor for being unfaithful to God and worshiping idols, but idol worship also included prostitution. Alternate translation: “they were unfaithful to me and went in large numbers to the houses of prostitutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 7 vq87 0 walked in great numbers to the houses of prostitutes “went in large groups to the houses of prostitutes” or “large groups of them went to the houses of prostitutes”
JER 5 7 vq87 0 walked in great numbers to the houses of prostitutes Alternate translation: “went in large groups to the houses of prostitutes” or “large groups of them went to the houses of prostitutes”
JER 5 8 m3wt figs-metaphor 0 They were horses in heat … neighed to his neighbor’s wife Because the God speaks of them as if they were horses that wanted to mate with other horses. Alternate translation: “They were like horses in heat … neighed to his neighbor’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 8 yq1u 0 in heat ready to mate
JER 5 8 u1ts 0 mate when animals breed to reproduce
@ -370,11 +370,11 @@ JER 5 9 l377 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of h
JER 5 10 rwg3 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to speak. Here he speaks to the enemies of Israel.
JER 5 10 uh17 figs-explicit 0 Go up onto her vineyards’ terraces In verses 10-13 Yahweh speaks to Israel’s enemies. This can be made clear in the quotation. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Israel, go up onto her vineyards’ terraces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 5 10 tnx6 figs-metaphor 0 Go up onto her vineyards’ terraces and destroy Yahweh speaks of Israel and Judah as if they were a vineyard and the people there were vines. Alternate translation: “Go up into Israel and Judah, which are like a vineyard to me, and destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 10 q848 0 do not bring complete destruction to them “do not completely destroy them”
JER 5 10 q848 0 do not bring complete destruction to them Alternate translation: “do not completely destroy them”
JER 5 10 dtf8 figs-metaphor 0 Trim their vines, since those vines do not come from Yahweh The word “their” refers to the vineyards. Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel and Judah as if they were vines. Alternate translation: “like farmers who trim the vines of a vineyard, you must remove many of the people of Israel and Judah, because they do not belong to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 11 r8hw figs-metonymy 0 For the houses of Israel and Judah The word “house” is a metonym for a person’s descendants. In this case it refers to the people of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. Alternate translation: “For the people of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 5 11 b2gh figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 5 12 hy7p 0 They have spoken falsely about Yahweh and they said “They have spoken falsely about Yahweh by saying”
JER 5 12 hy7p 0 They have spoken falsely about Yahweh and they said Alternate translation: “They have spoken falsely about Yahweh by saying”
JER 5 12 i2ai figs-parallelism 0 no harm will come upon us, and we will not see sword or famine These two sentences say the same thing, the second is more specific than the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 5 12 b9kn figs-idiom 0 no harm will come upon us The idiom “come upon us” means “happen to us.” Alternate translation: “No harm will happen to us” or “no one will harm us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 5 12 g399 figs-metaphor 0 we will not see sword or famine Here “see” is a metaphor for experience, and “sword” is a metonym for war. Alternate translation: “we will not experience war or famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -383,13 +383,13 @@ JER 5 13 z6ye figs-explicit 0 the word is not in them Here “the word” refer
JER 5 13 nhv2 figs-explicit 0 so let what they say be done to them It can be stated clearly what kinds of things the prophets were talking about. Alternate translation: “so let the harm that the prophets talk about come to them” or “since the prophets say that bad things will happen to us, let those bad things happen to the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 5 14 r6t4 0 Because you The word “you” refers to the people of Israel and Judah.
JER 5 14 x6w7 0 have said this See what the people said in [Jeremiah 5:12](../05/12.md).
JER 5 14 pet2 0 see “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 5 14 pet2 0 see Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 5 14 e41j figs-metaphor 0 I am about to place my word in your mouth Here “place my word in your mouth” represents causing Jeremiah to speak God’s message. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to speak my message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 14 bax7 figs-simile 0 It will be like a fire, and this people will be like wood Yahweh speaks of his message as if it were a fire, and of his people as if they were wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 5 14 th8l figs-metaphor 0 For it will consume them “For my message will consume them.” Yahweh’s message was about how he would punish his people, so he speaks as if his message would destroy them as a fire destroys wood. Alternate translation: “For when you speak my message, it will destroy the people of Israel as fire destroys wood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 15 hr3d 0 against you “to attack you.” The word “you” refers to the people of Israel.
JER 5 15 w6v8 figs-doublet 0 it is a lasting nation, an ancient nation These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how long the nation has existed. This refers to the nation from far away that Yahweh will bring against Israel. Alternate translation: “it is a very old and enduring nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 5 15 f6kv 0 a lasting nation “an enduring nation” or “a very strong nation”
JER 5 15 f6kv 0 a lasting nation Alternate translation: “an enduring nation” or “a very strong nation”
JER 5 15 c9wc figs-parallelism 0 It is a nation whose language you do not know, nor will you understand what they say These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the Israelites do not know the language of those people. It may imply that the Israelites have not had much contact with them. Alternate translation: “It is a nation whose language you will not understand at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 5 16 ub23 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
JER 5 16 yjs1 figs-metonymy 0 Its quiver … They are all soldiers Here “Its quiver” represents the enemy nation’s army, and the arrows in the quiver represent the soldiers in the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -401,23 +401,23 @@ JER 5 17 ycw1 0 your sons and daughters also, and your food This could mean: (
JER 5 17 e76e 0 They will eat The word “They” refers to the army of that nation.
JER 5 17 aj2t figs-synecdoche 0 They will beat down with a sword your fortified cities The sword is a synecdoche for all of the different weapons that people use in war. Alternate translation: “They will use their weapons to conquer your strong cities that you trusted to protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 5 17 fe1b 0 your fortified cities Fortified cities had a wall around them to protect the people inside from their enemies outside.
JER 5 17 evt5 0 that you trusted in “that you thought were strong enough to keep you safe”
JER 5 17 evt5 0 that you trusted in Alternate translation: “that you thought were strong enough to keep you safe”
JER 5 18 hp6x 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Jeremiah.
JER 5 18 fq65 0 do not intend to destroy “will not destroy”
JER 5 18 fq65 0 do not intend to destroy Alternate translation: “will not destroy”
JER 5 19 v6cs figs-explicit 0 done all these things to us The phrase “these things” refers to sending armies to attack them. Alternate translation: “done all these things to harm us” or “sent foreign armies to attack us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 5 19 f6pe figs-metaphor 0 Just as you … served foreign gods in your land, so you must also serve strangers Here “served foreign gods” represents worshiping foreign gods. God would punish them for serving foreign gods by making them serve foreign people. Alternate translation: “Because you … worshiped foreign gods in your land, you will have to serve foreigners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 20 h8i5 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
JER 5 20 i1qw 0 Report this “Tell this”
JER 5 20 i1qw 0 Report this Alternate translation: “Tell this”
JER 5 20 x88v figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jacob The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob’s descendants. Translate “house of Jacob” as in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 5 20 c3ln figs-activepassive 0 let it be heard in Judah This can be expressed in active from. Alternate translation: “Let those in Judah hear it” or “announce it in Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 5 21 huc3 0 who have no understanding “who do not understand” or “who understand nothing”
JER 5 21 huc3 0 who have no understanding Alternate translation: “who do not understand” or “who understand nothing”
JER 5 21 iqw3 figs-metonymy 0 you cannot see Here “cannot see” is a metonym for not understanding. Alternate translation: “you do not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 5 21 h6v9 figs-metonymy 0 you cannot hear Here “cannot hear” represents not understanding. “Alternate translation: “you do not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 5 22 y6ba figs-rquestion 0 Do you not fear me … face? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people are extremely foolish because they do not fear Yahweh. Alternate translation: “It is foolish that you do not fear me … face!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 5 22 u7l9 figs-explicit 0 or tremble before my face The trembling would be because of fear, and being “before my face” represents being aware of who God is. Alternate translation: “or shake with fear because of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 5 22 l6nf 0 I have placed a border of sand against the sea “I placed the sand as the border for the sea”
JER 5 22 l6nf 0 I have placed a border of sand against the sea Alternate translation: “I placed the sand as the border for the sea”
JER 5 22 l23z figs-metaphor 0 an ongoing decree that it does not violate God speaks of the ocean not going past the border of sand as if the border were a law, and as if the ocean were a person who obeys the law. Alternate translation: “an everlasting limit that it cannot cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 22 ayh2 0 rises and falls “moves back and forth”
JER 5 22 ayh2 0 rises and falls Alternate translation: “moves back and forth”
JER 5 22 kd3c figs-metaphor 0 it does not violate it “the ocean does not violate my decree.” God speaks of ocean not going past the border of sand as if the border were a law, and as if the ocean were a person who obeys the law. Alternate translation: “it does not succeed in going past the border” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 23 ic83 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
JER 5 23 l32t figs-metaphor 0 this people has a stubborn heart. It turns The people’s heart represents their attitude toward God. If Yahweh is speaking to the people, this can also be expressed with the word “you.” Alternate translation: “but you people have a stubborn heart. You turn” or “but you people are stubborn. You turn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -435,15 +435,15 @@ JER 5 27 qx63 figs-simile 0 Like a cage full of birds, their houses are full of
JER 5 27 ktf1 figs-metaphor 0 they grow large and become rich Here “large” represents powerful. Alternate translation: “these wicked people become powerful and rich” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 28 cw6j 0 they shine with well-being This could mean: (1) their skin shines because of the healthy food they eat, or (2) their body is smooth because of the muscle and fat between their bones and skin. It indicates that they eat well.
JER 5 28 plb9 figs-metaphor 0 They crossed over all bounds of wickedness Doing all kinds of wicked things is spoken of as if there were a boundary separating some wicked things from things that are even more wicked. Alternate translation: “They do all kinds of wicked things” or “They even do the most wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 28 mc4l 0 They do not plead the cause of the people, or the cause of the orphan “They do not plead with the rulers to give the people and the orphans what they need” or “They do not plead with the rulers to give justice to the people and the orphans”
JER 5 28 fdb8 0 they have not given justice to the needy “they have not helped the needy by doing what is just for them”
JER 5 28 mc4l 0 They do not plead the cause of the people, or the cause of the orphan Alternate translation: “They do not plead with the rulers to give the people and the orphans what they need” or “They do not plead with the rulers to give justice to the people and the orphans”
JER 5 28 fdb8 0 they have not given justice to the needy Alternate translation: “they have not helped the needy by doing what is just for them”
JER 5 29 pah8 figs-rquestion 0 Should I not punish … a nation like this? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will no have mercy but will punish them. See how you translated a similar sentence in [Jeremiah 5:9](../05/09.md). Alternate translation: “So I will punish them, this is Yahweh’s declaration. I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 5 29 s1ep figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 5 30 y4qb 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak.
JER 5 30 jnz7 figs-explicit 0 Atrocities and horrors have occurred This can be stated more actively. Alternate translation: “People do terrible and horrible things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 5 30 a5il figs-explicit 0 in the land Here “the land” refers to the land of Israel.’ Alternate translation: “in the land of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 5 31 m6tl 0 The prophets prophesy with deceit, and the priests rule with their own power These are the atrocities and horrors that are spoken of in verse 30.
JER 5 31 jd9n 0 The prophets prophesy with deceit “The prophets prophesy lies” or “The prophets tell lies when they prophesy”
JER 5 31 jd9n 0 The prophets prophesy with deceit Alternate translation: “The prophets prophesy lies” or “The prophets tell lies when they prophesy”
JER 5 31 md9e figs-explicit 0 the priests rule with their own power This could mean: (1) the priests do not submit to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “the priests rule by their own authority” or (2) the priests rule according to the directions of the prophets (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 5 31 lf6j figs-rquestion 0 but what will happen in the end? “but what will you do at the end of all of this?” Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people will regret being wicked when he punishes them for it. Alternate translation: “but in the end I will punish you and you will be regret your wicked behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 6 intro f4ic 0 # Jeremiah 6 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 6:1-30.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gods and battle<br>In the ancient Near East, it was commonly believed that a nation’s gods were responsible for military victory. It may have been believed that a god would not defend an evil city. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
@ -465,11 +465,11 @@ JER 6 4 u13f 0 General Information: A king from the attacking army is speaking
JER 6 4 ejj3 figs-explicit 0 Dedicate yourselves It can be stated clearly that the kings say this. Alternate translation: “The kings say to their armies, ‘Dedicate yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 6 4 am3p figs-explicit 0 Dedicate yourselves to the gods for the battle The attacking army tries to ensure that their gods will help them during the war by performing ceremonies and making sacrifices to them. Alternate translation: “Prepare for war by purifying yourselves and sacrificing to the gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 6 4 l529 figs-metaphor 0 Arise, let us attack To arise or stand up is a metaphor for no longer watching and thinking and instead beginning to act. Alternate translation: “Let us stop thinking and begin to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 4 ldp8 0 let us attack at noon “Let us attack Jerusalem at noon”
JER 6 4 ldp8 0 let us attack at noon Alternate translation: “Let us attack Jerusalem at noon”
JER 6 4 d1mc 0 It is too bad that the daylight is fading away, that the evening shadows are falling The kings say this later in the day when they want their army to keep fighting even though it is getting dark.
JER 6 4 hnt2 figs-metonymy 0 the daylight is fading away The end of the day is spoken of in terms of its light becoming dark. Alternate translation: “the day is ending” or “it is beginning to get dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 6 4 su9l 0 are falling “are stretching out” or “are getting longer”
JER 6 5 jc1c 0 at night “during the night even though it is dark”
JER 6 4 su9l 0 are falling Alternate translation: “are stretching out” or “are getting longer”
JER 6 5 jc1c 0 at night Alternate translation: “during the night even though it is dark”
JER 6 5 qmf3 figs-explicit 0 her fortresses People often spoke of cities as if they were women. Her the word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the strong buildings of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 6 6 unq2 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh.
JER 6 6 crp6 figs-personification 0 Cut her trees God says this to the army that will attack Jerusalem. The word “her” refers to Jerusalem; cities were often spoken of as if they were women. Alternate translation: “Cut down the trees outside of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -480,16 +480,16 @@ JER 6 7 q16a figs-activepassive 0 Violence and disorder are heard within her Th
JER 6 7 ky66 figs-idiom 0 sickness and wounds are continually before my face These things being “before” God’s face represents him seeing them. Alternate translation: “I constantly see sickness and wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 6 8 ctm4 figs-metonymy 0 Accept discipline, Jerusalem … make you into a ruin, an uninhabited land Here God speaks to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the city itself. Alternate translation: “Accept discipline, you people of Jerusalem … make your land into a ruin, an uninhabited land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 6 8 nn5k figs-metonymy 0 Accept discipline “Accept discipline” here is a metaphor for learning from discipline. Alternate translation: “Learn from your discipline” or “When I punish you, learn to do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 6 8 vvn8 0 an uninhabited land “a land that has no people living in it”
JER 6 8 vvn8 0 an uninhabited land Alternate translation: “a land that has no people living in it”
JER 6 9 sz1r figs-metaphor 0 They will certainly glean those who are left in Israel like a vineyard Yahweh speaks of the enemy attacking those who remain as if the enemy were to pick grapes that remain in a vineyard after others have harvested it. Alternate translation: “After destroying Israel, they will certainly come back to attack the people who are still alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 9 e5tr 0 They will certainly The word “They” refers to the enemy that Yahweh sends to destroy Israel.
JER 6 9 kl5d figs-metaphor 0 Reach out again with your hand to pick grapes from the vines Yahweh commands the enemy to attack those who remain in Israel as if the enemy were pick to grapes that remain in a vineyard after others have harvested it. Alternate translation: “Come back and attack the people of Israel who remain” or “Like people who reach out again to pick grapes from vines that they have already harvested, come back and attack the people who remain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 10 g9ic figs-rquestion 0 To whom should I declare and warn so they will listen Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that none of the people of Israel would listen to him even after they survived the attack of their enemies. Alternate translation: “There is no one left for me to speak to and warn who might listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 6 10 uv57 0 Look “You can see it yourself”
JER 6 10 uv57 0 Look Alternate translation: “You can see it yourself”
JER 6 10 p8ap figs-metaphor 0 Their ears are uncircumcised This represents their stubborn unwillingness to listen to God. Alternate translation: “Their ears are closed” or “They refuse to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 10 n19z 0 Their ears The word “Their” refer to the people of Israel.
JER 6 10 yw68 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh has come to them This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to them. He did this through his prophets. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has sent messages to them” or “Yahweh has spoken to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 6 10 p8sc 0 they do not want it “they do not want to listen to the word of Yahweh”
JER 6 10 p8sc 0 they do not want it Alternate translation: “they do not want to listen to the word of Yahweh”
JER 6 11 dqg7 figs-idiom 0 But I am filled with Yahweh’s fury Jeremiah is speaking. He feels the same anger that Yahweh feels, and he speaks of being extremely angry as if he were filled with anger. Alternate translation: “I am completely angry as Yahweh is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 6 11 bdn3 figs-metaphor 0 I am tired of holding it in Jeremiah speaks of not showing Yahweh’s anger as if he were holding the anger inside himself. Alternate translation: “I am tired from not expressing this anger” or “I am tired of not doing anything about this anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 11 mm2e figs-metaphor 0 Pour it out on the children in the streets and on the groups of young men God speaks of punishing the people of Israel as if his anger were a liquid that he wanted Jeremiah to pour out on them. Alternate translation: “In anger punish the children in the streets and the groups of young men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -502,12 +502,12 @@ JER 6 12 efu6 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of
JER 6 13 eyw7 figs-merism 0 that from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy The phrase “from the least to the greatest” shows that all the people of Israel are included in the phrase “all of them,” regardless of how important they are. Alternate translation: “all of them, including the least powerful, the most powerful, and every one else, are greedy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER 6 13 vs6m figs-nominaladj 0 the least This refers to the least powerful and least important people. Alternate translation: “the least powerful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER 6 13 gwi1 figs-nominaladj 0 the greatest This refers to the most powerful and most important people. Alternate translation: “the greatest people” or “the most powerful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER 6 13 vdj4 0 all of them “all of the people of Israel”
JER 6 13 vdj4 0 all of them Alternate translation: “all of the people of Israel”
JER 6 13 qw1u figs-abstractnouns 0 are greedy for dishonest gain The abstract noun “gain” can be expressed with the phrases “get more money” or “get more things.” Alternate translation: “want to get more money by lying to people” or “strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 6 13 b8dn 0 all of them practice deceit “all of them deceive people” or “all of them are liars”
JER 6 13 b8dn 0 all of them practice deceit Alternate translation: “all of them deceive people” or “all of them are liars”
JER 6 14 it97 figs-metaphor 0 They have healed the wounds of my people lightly This could mean: (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They acts as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 14 kz57 figs-metaphor 0 They have healed the wounds … lightly Here “lightly” represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 14 lqp6 0 ‘Peace, Peace,’ when there is no peace “‘All is well, All is well,’ but it is not well”
JER 6 14 lqp6 0 ‘Peace, Peace,’ when there is no peace Alternate translation: “‘All is well, All is well,’ but it is not well”
JER 6 15 l12m figs-rquestion 0 Were they ashamed when they practiced abominations? God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. Alternate translation: “They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 6 15 vc8r 0 they did not know how to blush When a person is ashamed, his face normally turns red. Alternate translation: “their faces did not even turn red”
JER 6 15 c3ai figs-metaphor 0 they will fall among the fallen Here “fall” represents being killed. Alternate translation: “they will be killed along with the others who are killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -523,28 +523,28 @@ JER 6 17 zs9d figs-metaphor 0 I appointed for you watchmen to listen for the tr
JER 6 17 jp7i 0 appointed for you The word “you” refers to the people of Israel.
JER 6 17 a3n7 0 to listen for the trumpet “to listen to the sound of the trumpet.” Yahweh speaks of his warning messages to his prophets as if the messages were a trumpet being blown to warn people about the danger that would come. The prophets were to listen to the warning and tell the people about it.
JER 6 18 upm1 figs-metonymy 0 Therefore, nations, listen! See, you witnesses, what will happen to them. These two sentences are telling the people of other nations to witness what Yahweh will do to the rebellious people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Therefore, you people of other nations, listen! You witnesses, see what will happen to my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER 6 18 k97t 0 Therefore, nations, listen! “Therefore, nations, listen to what I am about to say!”
JER 6 18 cge9 0 you witnesses “you who are witnesses”
JER 6 18 k97t 0 Therefore, nations, listen! Alternate translation: “Therefore, nations, listen to what I am about to say!”
JER 6 18 cge9 0 you witnesses Alternate translation: “you who are witnesses”
JER 6 18 zw4l 0 will happen to them The word “them” refers to the people of Israel.
JER 6 19 jt8u figs-apostrophe 0 Hear, earth Jeremiah is speaking to the people of nations far away from him as if they could hear him. He is speaking as if to the earth itself. Alternate translation: “Listen, everyone who lives on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 6 19 yn3n 0 I am about to bring disaster to this people “soon I will punish these people severely”
JER 6 19 yn3n 0 I am about to bring disaster to this people Alternate translation: “soon I will punish these people severely”
JER 6 19 dce8 figs-metaphor 0 the fruit of their thoughts Here the word “fruit” represents results or consequences. Alternate translation: “the consequences of their thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 19 du18 figs-explicit 0 They paid no attention to my word or law, but they instead rejected it Here “paid no attention to my word” refers to not listening to what God said, and “rejected it” refers to refusing to obey God’s law. Alternate translation: “They did not listen to what I said. Instead they disobeyed my law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 6 20 p9c4 figs-rquestion 0 What does this frankincense going up from Sheba mean to me? Or these sweet smells from a distant land? God uses these questions to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “Frankincense from Sheba and sweet smelling cane from a distant land mean nothing to me.” or “I do not want your burnt offerings of frankincense from Sheba or sweet smelling cane from a distant land.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 6 20 lzv5 0 these sweet smells People would burn sweet smelling cane as an offering to God.
JER 6 20 x7y3 0 are not acceptable to me “do not please me” or “do not make me happy”
JER 6 21 nwr1 0 See, I “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I”
JER 6 20 x7y3 0 are not acceptable to me Alternate translation: “do not please me” or “do not make me happy”
JER 6 21 nwr1 0 See, I Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I”
JER 6 21 d486 figs-metaphor 0 I am about to place a stumbling block against this people “I am about to put obstacles in front of this people.” Yahweh speaks of the troubles that he will make happen to the people of Israel as if they were a blocks that people stumble over. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 21 wc6y figs-ellipsis 0 fathers and sons together The phrase “will stumble” is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “fathers and sons will both stumble” or “fathers and sons will both be hurt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 6 21 eq4s 0 Inhabitants and their neighbors “Neighbors and their friends”
JER 6 21 eq4s 0 Inhabitants and their neighbors Alternate translation: “Neighbors and their friends”
JER 6 22 yxt3 figs-explicit 0 a people is coming Their purpose can be made clear. Alternate translation: “a people is coming to attack you” or “an army is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 6 22 a582 figs-synecdoche 0 a great nation Here “nation” represents the army of the nation. Alternate translation: “the army of a great nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 6 22 xr58 figs-metaphor 0 is being stirred up from the farthest parts of the earth Being “stirred up” represents preparing to do something. Alternate translation: “is being prepared to come from a distant land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 23 m4uq 0 They will pick up bows and spears “The soldiers will carry bows and spears”
JER 6 23 m4uq 0 They will pick up bows and spears Alternate translation: “The soldiers will carry bows and spears”
JER 6 23 bam3 figs-simile 0 Their sound is like the sea roar The loud noise that the soldiers make is compared to the loud noise of the ocean. Alternate translation: “The sound that they make is very loud, like the sound of the ocean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 6 23 xl54 figs-explicit 0 they are riding on horses, set out in order as men for battle The phrase “set out in order” means that they have organized themselves and are riding in rows. The phrase “as men for battle” indicates that they are ready to fight. Alternate translation: “they are riding on horses in their assigned rows, and they are ready to fight against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 6 24 fbb5 0 We have heard The word “We” probably refers to Jeremiah and the people of Judah.
JER 6 24 l8gs 0 our hands fall limp in distress “our hands are weak because we are anxious”
JER 6 24 l8gs 0 our hands fall limp in distress Alternate translation: “our hands are weak because we are anxious”
JER 6 24 d28c figs-metaphor 0 Anguish seizes us Feeling great anguish is spoken of as if the anguish grabs them. Alternate translation: “We feel terrible anguish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 24 b25e figs-simile 0 as a woman giving birth The anguish that they feel because the enemy coming to attack them is compared to the anguish that a woman feels when she is about to give birth to a baby. Alternate translation: “like a woman who is about to give birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 6 25 k3f1 0 General Information: Jeremiah speaks to the people of Jerusalem. Some versions interpret this as Yahweh speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
@ -552,11 +552,11 @@ JER 6 25 n3uk figs-metonymy 0 for the swords of the enemy and terror are all ar
JER 6 26 ti8u figs-metaphor 0 Daughter of my people Jeremiah shows Yahweh’s love for his people by speaking to them as a daughter. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate translation: “My people, you who are like a daughter to me” or “My dear people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 26 bkm8 translate-symaction 0 put on sackcloth and roll in ashes People do these things to show that they are extremely sad. Alternate translation: “Show how sad you are by wearing sackcloth and rolling in ashes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 6 26 u1nu figs-simile 0 mourn with painful sobs as for an only son Jeremiah compares the people’s great sadness to the sadness that a mother feels if her only son dies. Alternate translation: “mourn with painful sobs as you would if your only son died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 6 26 as8r 0 for the destroyer will suddenly come upon us “because the enemy army will suddenly come to attack us”
JER 6 26 as8r 0 for the destroyer will suddenly come upon us Alternate translation: “because the enemy army will suddenly come to attack us”
JER 6 27 nfn2 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking to Jeremiah. God speaks of the people of Israel being very sinful as if they were silver that was full of impurities. God speaks of punishing Israel to make them stop sinning as if he were boiling silver and lead in a hot fire in order to remove the impurities from the silver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 27 i71y figs-simile 0 one who tests my people like one would test metal Yahweh compares Jeremiah testing his people to a person who tests metal to see how good it is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 6 27 uh6e 0 their ways “their behavior” or “how they live”
JER 6 28 lmk7 0 who go about slandering others “and constantly slander other people”
JER 6 27 uh6e 0 their ways Alternate translation: “their behavior” or “how they live”
JER 6 28 lmk7 0 who go about slandering others Alternate translation: “and constantly slander other people”
JER 6 28 qg4z figs-metaphor 0 All of them are bronze and iron Bronze and iron are hard metals. Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they were hard like bronze and iron. Alternate translation: “All of them are hard like bronze and iron” or “All of them are stubborn, as hard as bronze and iron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 29 zb2n figs-explicit 0 The bellows are scorched by the fire that is burning them; the lead is consumed in the flames God speaks of punishing his people as if they were silver and he was boiling the silver in a very hot fire. These phrases emphasize that the one boiling the metal was working very hard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 6 29 zf3z figs-metaphor 0 The bellows are scorched by the fire that is burning them The fire is so hot that it burns the bellows. This can be stated in active form. This very hot fire represents God’s judgment. Alternate translation: “The fire is so hot that it scorches the bellows” or “The punishment is so severe that it is like a fire that even burns the bellows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -567,35 +567,35 @@ JER 6 29 ujx6 figs-activepassive 0 because the evil is not removed God speaks o
JER 6 30 q4md figs-activepassive 0 They will be called rejected silver, for This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will say about the people of Israel, ‘They are rejected silver,’ for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 7 intro i2dl 0 # Jeremiah 7 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 7:29-34, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Justice in society<br>Jeremiah commanded the people of Jerusalem to live justly. Without justice, they did not truly have faith in Yahweh. Without this faith in Yahweh, the temple and its rituals were useless. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Do not pray for this people”<br>Yahweh wanted the people to repent. This statement, and the others that follow, may be taken in another way. They are intended to show that it is too late for the people, and their punishment will come regardless of their response. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
JER 7 1 y68e figs-idiom 0 The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said,” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 7 2 bj92 0 all you of Judah “all you people of Judah”
JER 7 2 bj92 0 all you of Judah Alternate translation: “all you people of Judah”
JER 7 3 vlv3 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER 7 3 f884 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 7 3 c23a 0 Make your ways and practices good, and I will let you continue “If you improve your ways and your practices, then I will let you continue”
JER 7 3 c23a 0 Make your ways and practices good, and I will let you continue Alternate translation: “If you improve your ways and your practices, then I will let you continue”
JER 7 3 s5g6 0 in this place This means in the land of Judah, not in the temple.
JER 7 4 e2w3 figs-rpronouns 0 Do not entrust yourself to deceitful words and say The reflexive pronoun “yourself” emphasizes the personal risk to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “Do not trust in deceitful words to protect you, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER 7 4 ru5l figs-explicit 0 Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! It is implied that, since the temple belongs to Yahweh and represents his presence, he will protect it and the people of Judah will be safe. Possible meanings for why **Temple of Yahweh** is repeated three times are (1) it was repeated for emphasis or (2) it was repeated as part of a temple liturgy. Alternate translation: “This is the temple of Yahweh so it is absolutely certain that no one will destroy it and we are safe.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 7 5 yex8 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER 7 5 b71h 0 make your ways and practices good “improve your ways and practices.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:3](../07/03.md).
JER 7 5 s949 figs-abstractnouns 0 completely execute justice The abstract noun “justice” can be translated using the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “judge rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 7 6 f96n 0 do not exploit the one “treat fairly the foreigner”
JER 7 6 f96n 0 do not exploit the one Alternate translation: “treat fairly the foreigner”
JER 7 6 klb1 0 orphan child whose parents have died
JER 7 6 ivv5 figs-metonymy 0 pour out innocent blood Here pouring out innocent blood represents killing those not deserving death. Alternate translation: “kill innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 7 6 q1kh figs-metonymy 0 walk after other gods Here walking after is a metonym for following after with the intent to serve and obey. Alternate translation: “serve other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 7 6 q3q6 0 in this place Here “this place” refers to the land of Judah.
JER 7 7 p965 0 will let you stay “will let you continue to live”
JER 7 7 p965 0 will let you stay Alternate translation: “will let you continue to live”
JER 7 7 n3ke 0 from ancient times and forever “from ancient times and continually.” This means Yahweh gave the land to the people of Judah to be their permanent possession.
JER 7 8 d4gt 0 General Information: The word “you” in these verses refers to the people of Judah.
JER 7 8 znm8 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER 7 8 s1dh 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the information that follows.
JER 7 9 bi95 figs-rquestion 0 Do you steal, kill, and commit adultery? Do you swear … and walk after other gods whom you have not known? These questions expect a positive answer to make the point that God knows the sins they are committing. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You steal, kill, and commit adultery. You swear … and walk after other gods whom you have not known.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 7 9 ikv4 0 swear deceitfully “lie even in your oaths”
JER 7 9 ikv4 0 swear deceitfully Alternate translation: “lie even in your oaths”
JER 7 9 ps9p figs-metonymy 0 walk after other gods Here walking after is a metonym for following after with the intent to serve and obey. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:6](../07/06.md). Alternate translation: “serve other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 7 10 w19j figs-rquestion 0 Then do you come and stand … so you can do all of these abominations? This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows the hypocrisy of their words and actions. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Then you come and stand … so you can do all of these abominations.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 7 10 ras4 figs-metonymy 0 house that is called by my name This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “house that belongs to me” or “temple where you worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 7 11 pb4b figs-rquestion 0 Is this house, which carries my name, a den of bandits in your eyes? This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows what they think about Yahweh’s temple. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This house, which carries my name, is a den of bandits in your eyes!” or “You act as though you think this house, which is called by my name, should be a place where bandits can go to hide!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 7 11 kj59 figs-idiom 0 this house, which carries my name Yahweh’s temple is spoken of as if it was carrying the name of Yahweh. This has a similar meaning to “this house that is called by my name” in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 7 11 e4vn 0 bandits violent people who steal and destroy
JER 7 11 tj9h 0 But behold, I have seen it “But I certainly have seen what you are doing”
JER 7 11 tj9h 0 But behold, I have seen it Alternate translation: “But I certainly have seen what you are doing”
JER 7 11 ume9 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 7 12 j5kh 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
JER 7 12 n4ba 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
@ -604,15 +604,15 @@ JER 7 13 m7ib figs-hendiadys 0 time and time again This hendiadys is also an id
JER 7 14 g8pq figs-metonymy 0 this house that is called by my name This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:10](../07/10.md). Alternate translation: “this house that belongs to me” or “this temple where you worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 7 16 b1uq 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks to Jeremiah about the people of Judah. In these verses, “this people” refers to the people of Judah.
JER 7 16 h32v figs-parallelism 0 do not pray for this people, and do not lift up a lamenting wail or say a prayer on their behalf, and do not petition me These four clauses each mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 7 16 mpn3 0 lift up a lamenting wail “cry out with sadness”
JER 7 16 ym42 0 on their behalf “for their benefit” or “for them”
JER 7 16 d2un 0 petition me “plead with me”
JER 7 16 mpn3 0 lift up a lamenting wail Alternate translation: “cry out with sadness”
JER 7 16 ym42 0 on their behalf Alternate translation: “for their benefit” or “for them”
JER 7 16 d2un 0 petition me Alternate translation: “plead with me”
JER 7 17 qn8a figs-rquestion 0 Do you not see what they are doing in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem? This question expects a positive answer and is asked to bring these things to Jeremiah’s attention. They can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at what they are doing in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 7 18 u9lk 0 kindling the fire “starting the fire”
JER 7 18 u9lk 0 kindling the fire Alternate translation: “starting the fire”
JER 7 18 jc1l 0 kneading dough mixing dough by hand
JER 7 18 t6z1 0 dough a thick mixture of flour and liquid used for baking
JER 7 18 u6gq figs-explicit 0 the queen of the heavens This was the name of a false god. Alternate translation: “the false god known as ‘the queen of the heavens’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 7 18 sq9a 0 will provoke me “will anger me”
JER 7 18 sq9a 0 will provoke me Alternate translation: “will anger me”
JER 7 19 ia89 0 General Information: In these verses, “they” and “themselves” refer to the people of Judah.
JER 7 19 t7ze 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to speak to Jeremiah about the people of Judah.
JER 7 19 ta4u figs-rquestion 0 is it not themselves whom they are provoking, so that shame is on them? This question expects a positive answer. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are provoking themselves, so that shame is on them!” or “they are troubling and bringing shame on themselves!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
@ -620,9 +620,9 @@ JER 7 19 jj5b figs-abstractnouns 0 shame is on them The abstract noun “shame
JER 7 20 ccj2 0 See This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 7 20 ta7u figs-idiom 0 my anger and wrath will gush out onto this place Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were something that could be poured out. Alternate translation: “I will punish this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 7 20 xv82 figs-doublet 0 anger and wrath These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of Yahweh’s anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 7 20 v5eu 0 gush out “pour out”
JER 7 20 v5eu 0 gush out Alternate translation: “pour out”
JER 7 20 mf3h figs-idiom 0 It will burn and never be extinguished Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a fire that could not be put out. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to stop my anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 7 20 wz4y 0 never be extinguished “never stop burning”
JER 7 20 wz4y 0 never be extinguished Alternate translation: “never stop burning”
JER 7 21 bjt8 0 General Information: In these verses, “you” and “your” refer to the people of Judah.
JER 7 21 i6xb 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER 7 21 hg9i 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
@ -632,12 +632,12 @@ JER 7 23 ug56 figs-metaphor 0 walk in all the ways that I am commanding you Yah
JER 7 24 gts3 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the people of Judah. “They” refers to the ancestors of the people of Judah.
JER 7 24 u79z 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER 7 24 mmx8 figs-doublet 0 they did not listen or pay attention These phrases mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 7 24 hex1 0 by their own stubborn plans of their wicked hearts “according to their own plans because they were wicked and stubborn”
JER 7 24 hex1 0 by their own stubborn plans of their wicked hearts Alternate translation: “according to their own plans because they were wicked and stubborn”
JER 7 24 pn8b figs-metaphor 0 they went backwards, not forward This is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) they refused to pay attention to Yahweh, instead of eagerly obeying him. Alternate translation: “they went away from me instead of drawing closer to me” or (2) they got worse and worse instead of improving. Alternate translation: “they got worse instead of better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 7 25 g7qg figs-hyperbole 0 Ever since the day when your ancestors went out from the land of Egypt until this day This is a generalization that means over this entire period of time, not every day during this period of time. Alternate translation: “From the time your ancestors went out from the land of Egypt until now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 7 25 wl88 0 I persisted in sending them “I sent them again and again” or “I repeatedly sent them”
JER 7 25 wl88 0 I persisted in sending them Alternate translation: “I sent them again and again” or “I repeatedly sent them”
JER 7 26 x6ns figs-idiom 0 they hardened their necks This is an idiom that means they were stubborn. Alternate translation: “they became stubborn” or “they resisted me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 7 26 hje2 0 They were more wicked “Each generation was more wicked”
JER 7 26 hje2 0 They were more wicked Alternate translation: “Each generation was more wicked”
JER 7 27 rs3g 0 General Information: The words “them” and “they” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
JER 7 27 m2j2 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER 7 27 nc7q figs-parallelism 0 So proclaim all these words to them, but they will not listen to you. Proclaim these things to them, but they will not answer you. These two sentences say the same thing, The second emphasizes the message of the first. Alternate translation: “Tell them my message, but they will not listen to you or answer you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -660,28 +660,28 @@ JER 7 32 dgv5 0 So see The word “see” here adds emphasis to what follows.
JER 7 32 pkn1 figs-metaphor 0 days are coming … when it Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” Alternate translation: “in the future … it” or “there will be a time … when it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 7 32 t424 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 7 32 ums9 figs-activepassive 0 it will no longer be called This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will no longer call it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 7 32 zbr4 0 they will bury bodies “they will bury dead people”
JER 7 32 tue8 0 no room left “no place remaining”
JER 7 32 zbr4 0 they will bury bodies Alternate translation: “they will bury dead people”
JER 7 32 tue8 0 no room left Alternate translation: “no place remaining”
JER 7 33 xa8f 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah.
JER 7 33 mb9t 0 The corpses “The dead bodies”
JER 7 33 sc5b 0 this people “the people of Judah”
JER 7 33 mb9t 0 The corpses Alternate translation: “The dead bodies”
JER 7 33 sc5b 0 this people Alternate translation: “the people of Judah”
JER 7 33 h5ey 0 the birds of the skies See how you translated “the birds of the heavens” in [Jeremiah 4:25](../04/25.md).
JER 7 33 jv9c 0 the beasts of the earth “the wild animals of the land”
JER 7 33 tf93 0 to frighten them away “to scare them away”
JER 7 34 cm8g 0 I will put an end to “I will remove from”
JER 7 33 jv9c 0 the beasts of the earth Alternate translation: “the wild animals of the land”
JER 7 33 tf93 0 to frighten them away Alternate translation: “to scare them away”
JER 7 34 cm8g 0 I will put an end to Alternate translation: “I will remove from”
JER 7 34 w3gl figs-doublet 0 the sound of joy and the sound of gladness These two phrases mean almost the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. The abstract nouns “joy” and “gladness” can be translated using the verb “rejoicing” and the adjective “glad.” Alternate translation: “the sounds of people rejoicing and being glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 7 34 mbc1 figs-metonymy 0 the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride This is a metonym for what happens at marriage ceremonies. Alternate translation: “and people celebrating marriage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 7 34 t5xh figs-abstractnouns 0 will become a desolation The abstract noun “desolation” can be translated using the adjective “desolate.” Alternate translation: “will become desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 8 intro b29a 0 # Jeremiah 8 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:5-22.<br><br>The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 8:5-9:12. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Hyperbole<br>The author frequently uses hyperbole in this chapter to describe the complete destruction of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 8 1 w8bg 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah.
JER 8 1 x5ig 0 they will bring This word “they” here refers to the enemies of the people of Judah.
JER 8 1 c3wu 0 its officials “its princes” or “its rulers”
JER 8 1 c3wu 0 its officials Alternate translation: “its princes” or “its rulers”
JER 8 2 p4kx 0 will spread them out The word “them” refers to the bones of the people listed in the previous verse.
JER 8 2 i7h2 figs-parallelism 0 that they have followed and served, that they have walked after and sought, and that they have worshiped The word “they” here refers to the people of Judah. These three phrases mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 8 2 gvn4 figs-metaphor 0 walked after This is a metaphor for serving or worshiping. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:23](../02/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 8 2 mxy9 figs-activepassive 0 The bones will not be gathered or buried again This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “No one will gather their bones or bury them again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 8 2 j8lx figs-simile 0 They will be like dung on the surface of the earth The bones are compared to dung on the ground both to emphasize that they will be disgusting and because they will not be buried. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 8 2 vr8n 0 on the surface of the earth “all over the ground”
JER 8 2 vr8n 0 on the surface of the earth Alternate translation: “all over the ground”
JER 8 3 w45m 0 where I have driven them The word “them” refers to the people of Judah.
JER 8 3 vl6x figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 8 4 xxz7 0 General Information: The words “them” and “they” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
@ -695,10 +695,10 @@ JER 8 5 n5b8 figs-abstractnouns 0 They hold on to treachery The abstract noun
JER 8 6 y22u 0 General Information: The words “they” and “them” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
JER 8 6 v92n 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER 8 6 w5p2 figs-doublet 0 paid attention and listened These two things mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 8 6 sg8t 0 did not speak right “did not say what is right”
JER 8 6 sg8t 0 did not speak right Alternate translation: “did not say what is right”
JER 8 6 i9mx figs-abstractnouns 0 for his wickedness The abstract noun “wickedness” can be translated using the adjective “wicked.” Alternate translation: “for being wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 8 6 yw8x figs-explicit 0 What have I done? The implied information is that this is a question that the people of Judah should have been asking. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done a terrible thing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 8 6 g12y 0 go where they wish “go their own way”
JER 8 6 g12y 0 go where they wish Alternate translation: “go their own way”
JER 8 6 r6ux figs-simile 0 like a stallion rushing toward battle The eagerness of the people to follow their own evil way is compared to the eagerness of a war horse running toward a battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 8 6 j57y 0 stallion adult male horse
JER 8 7 j78m figs-explicit 0 Even the stork in heaven knows the right times; and the doves, swifts, and cranes The implied information is that these types of birds know the right times to migrate, which means to fly from one place to another at different times of the year for feeding or breeding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -710,29 +710,29 @@ JER 8 8 n65d figs-rquestion 0 How can you say, “We are wise, for the law of Y
JER 8 8 g95l 0 How can you say The “you” here refers to the people of Judah.
JER 8 8 d131 0 Indeed, see! These words tell the hearer to pay close attention to what follows.
JER 8 8 qeg1 figs-metonymy 0 The deceitful pen of the scribes The pen represents the words that the scribes write. Alternate translation: “The false things that the scribes write” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 8 8 xs9e 0 has created deceit “has given you false ideas”
JER 8 8 xs9e 0 has created deceit Alternate translation: “has given you false ideas”
JER 8 9 g2b6 figs-irony 0 The wise men will be ashamed This is irony because the wise men are normally honored for their wisdom. Alternate translation: “Those men who think they are wise will feel ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER 8 9 eb2b 0 dismayed terrified or shattered
JER 8 9 kk1b 0 Behold! “Pay attention!”
JER 8 9 kk1b 0 Behold! Alternate translation: “Pay attention!”
JER 8 9 i9ya figs-rquestion 0 so what use is their wisdom? This question expects a negative answer and is intended to make the hearers think about how little what they consider wisdom is really worth when they reject Yahweh’s word. Alternate translation: “so what they think is wise does not do them any good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 8 10 n8yx 0 because from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy for dishonest gain! From the prophet to the priest, all of them practice deceit See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:13](../06/13.md).
JER 8 10 eq1m figs-merism 0 because from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy The phrase “from the least to the greatest” shows that all the people of Judah are included in the phrase “all of them,” regardless of how important they are. Alternate translation: “because all of them, including the least powerful, the most powerful, and everyone else, are greedy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER 8 10 by2f figs-nominaladj 0 the least This refers to the least powerful and least important people. Alternate translation: “the least powerful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER 8 10 m98v figs-nominaladj 0 the greatest This refers to the most powerful and most important people. Alternate translation: “the greatest people” or “the most powerful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER 8 10 ry2p 0 all of them “all of the people of Judah”
JER 8 10 ry2p 0 all of them Alternate translation: “all of the people of Judah”
JER 8 10 c6bc figs-abstractnouns 0 are greedy for dishonest gain The abstract noun “gain” can be expressed with the phrases “get more money” or “get more things.” Alternate translation: “want to get more money by lying to people” or “strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 8 10 me66 0 all of them practice deceit “all of them deceive people” or “all of them are liars”
JER 8 10 me66 0 all of them practice deceit Alternate translation: “all of them deceive people” or “all of them are liars”
JER 8 11 a894 0 General Information: The words “they,” “their” and “them” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
JER 8 11 f7ex 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER 8 11 t6ta figs-metaphor 0 They healed the wounds of my people lightly This could mean: (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 8 11 t1ge figs-metaphor 0 They healed the wounds … lightly Here “lightly” represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 8 11 mjy3 0 “Peace, Peace,” when there was no peace “‘All is well, All is well,’ but it was not well”
JER 8 11 mjy3 0 Alternate translation: “Peace, Peace,” when there was no peace “‘All is well, All is well,’ but it was not well”
JER 8 12 j556 figs-rquestion 0 Were they ashamed when they practiced abominations? God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. Alternate translation: “They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 8 12 a8qy 0 they did not know how to blush “their faces did not even turn red.” When a person is ashamed, his face normally turns red.
JER 8 12 m1ix figs-metaphor 0 they will fall among the fallen Here “fall” represents being killed. Alternate translation: “they will be killed along with the others who are killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 8 12 x1y2 figs-metaphor 0 they will be brought down when they are punished Here “will be brought down” represents being destroyed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them when I punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 8 13 b972 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 8 13 yf5y 0 the leaf will wither “the leaf will dry up”
JER 8 13 yf5y 0 the leaf will wither Alternate translation: “the leaf will dry up”
JER 8 13 qr8u 0 what I have given to them will pass away The meaning of the original text is uncertain here.
JER 8 14 fx4e 0 General Information: The words “we,” “us” and “our” refer to the people of Judah.
JER 8 14 nn25 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message by telling us what the people of Judah will say at the time of their punishment.
@ -741,18 +741,18 @@ JER 8 14 bl3v 0 Come together; let us go to the fortified cities The “fortif
JER 8 14 vsn4 figs-metaphor 0 we will become silent there in death Here “become silent” means to die. Alternate translation: “let us die there” or “let us wait for our enemies to kill us there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 8 14 pv27 figs-metaphor 0 For Yahweh our God will silence us Here “silence” is a metaphor for condemning to death. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh our God has condemned us to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 8 14 tg23 figs-idiom 0 He will make us drink poison This is an idiom for Yahweh’s judgment on his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 8 15 cpw9 0 but there will be nothing good “but nothing good will happen”
JER 8 15 i77n 0 but see “but understand”
JER 8 15 cpw9 0 but there will be nothing good Alternate translation: “but nothing good will happen”
JER 8 15 i77n 0 but see Alternate translation: “but understand”
JER 8 16 fvu7 0 General Information: The words “his” and “they” in these verses refer to the enemies of Judah.
JER 8 16 s1ew 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message about the punishment coming to Judah.
JER 8 16 ck4x figs-activepassive 0 The snorting of his stallions is heard from Dan This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Dan hear the snorting of his stallions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 8 16 qq3k 0 snorting a loud sound that a horse makes with its nose
JER 8 16 x69l 0 stallions adult male horses
JER 8 16 v3by figs-hyperbole 0 The whole earth shakes This is an exaggeration that is a metaphor for the people of Judah trembling with fear. Alternate translation: “All the people of the land shake with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 8 16 hjp2 0 at the sound of the neighing of his strong horses “when they hear the sound of the enemy’s strong horses”
JER 8 16 hjp2 0 at the sound of the neighing of his strong horses Alternate translation: “when they hear the sound of the enemy’s strong horses”
JER 8 16 x6ln 0 neighing a sound that a horse makes
JER 8 16 a2w1 figs-idiom 0 they will come and consume Here the word “consume” means to eat up. It is an idiom for how the enemies come and destroy the land and its inhabitants. Alternate translation: “they will come and destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 8 17 ns7j 0 For see “Now pay attention”
JER 8 17 ns7j 0 For see Alternate translation: “Now pay attention”
JER 8 17 nvi3 0 vipers that you cannot charm To charm means to sing or make music in order to control snakes.
JER 8 17 ma3y figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 8 18 f7zw 0 General Information: Jeremiah and Yahweh have a conversation about the people of Judah.
@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ JER 8 19 r91i figs-parallelism 0 Is Yahweh not in Zion? Is her king no longer t
JER 8 19 i1se figs-rquestion 0 Why then do they provoke me to anger with their carved figures and their worthless foreign idols? The word “me” refers to Yahweh. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “If they want me to save them, then they must not offend me with their carved figures.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 8 20 i3bj 0 General Information: The word “we” refers to the people of Judah. The words “I” and “my” refer to Jeremiah.
JER 8 20 f1z4 0 Connecting Statement: Jeremiah continues talking about the people of Judah.
JER 8 20 ey1x 0 The harvest has passed on “Harvest time is over”
JER 8 20 ey1x 0 The harvest has passed on Alternate translation: “Harvest time is over”
JER 8 20 d3mu figs-activepassive 0 But we have not been saved Jeremiah tells what the people of Judah are saying. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh has not saved us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 8 21 epc5 figs-parallelism 0 I am hurt because of the hurt of the daughter of my people. I mourn at the horrible things that have happened to her; I am dismayed These statements express the same idea in more than one way for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 8 22 j9cz figs-rquestion 0 Is there no medicine in Gilead? Is there no healer there? Why will the healing of the daughter of my people not happen? These questions are asked to make the point that the people of Judah have not been saved. Alternate translation: “There is medicine in Gilead, and there are healers there, so tell me why the healing of my dear people will not happen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -778,21 +778,21 @@ JER 9 1 x4zd figs-metaphor 0 the daughter of my people Yahweh shows his love fo
JER 9 1 gx7s figs-activepassive 0 who have been killed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the enemy has killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 9 2 m5fi 0 If only someone would give me “I wish someone would give me.” This is still Jeremiah speaking.
JER 9 2 t6vy 0 a place for travelers in the wilderness to stay This refers to a building for people traveling in the wilderness, where they can stop and sleep overnight.
JER 9 2 l2ci 0 abandon my people “leave my people”
JER 9 2 y2h4 0 a band of traitors “a group of people who betray other people”
JER 9 2 l2ci 0 abandon my people Alternate translation: “leave my people”
JER 9 2 y2h4 0 a band of traitors Alternate translation: “a group of people who betray other people”
JER 9 3 m7dg 0 Yahweh declares See how you translated “this is Yahweh’s declaration” in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md).
JER 9 3 dkt1 figs-metaphor 0 They tread on their bows of lies with their tongues Telling lies is spoken of as being done by the tongues of the wicked. Also, since a spoken lie cannot be taken back, telling lies is spoken of as if it were shooting arrows. Men who use bows must step on their bows in order to fasten the bowstrings, so liars are referred to here as if they were stringing their bows using their tongues. Alternate translation: “Their lies are like arrows that they shoot with the tongues” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 9 3 q5qh figs-irony 0 but it is not because of any faithfulness of theirs that they grow strong on the earth “They do not grow strong on the earth because they are faithful to Yahweh, as they are wicked” and “This means that the people are not faithful to Yahweh, but rather are wicked and have gained their power through wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER 9 3 vc82 figs-metaphor 0 They go from one wicked act to another Committing one evil action after another is spoken of as if the evildoers were going from one action to another. Alternate translation: “They keep doing evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 9 4 m87i 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking with Jeremiah about the people of Judah.
JER 9 4 i6ut 0 Each of you The word “you” refers to the people of Judah.
JER 9 4 zbn4 0 be on guard against your neighbor and do not trust in any brother “be careful not to trust your fellow Israelites, and do not even trust your own brother”
JER 9 4 zbn4 0 be on guard against your neighbor and do not trust in any brother Alternate translation: “be careful not to trust your fellow Israelites, and do not even trust your own brother”
JER 9 4 n2fi figs-idiom 0 every neighbor walks in slander Here “walking” is an idiom for living. Alternate translation: “every neighbor slanders one another” or “every neighbor is a slanderer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 9 5 t4rw 0 Each man mocks his neighbor and does not speak the truth “All of the people mock each other, and they do not tell the truth”
JER 9 5 t4rw 0 Each man mocks his neighbor and does not speak the truth Alternate translation: “All of the people mock each other, and they do not tell the truth”
JER 9 5 w9wa figs-synecdoche 0 Their tongues teach deceitful things Here people are represented by their “tongues” to emphasize their speech. Alternate translation: “They teach deceitful things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 9 5 k167 0 They are exhausted from committing iniquity “They are tired from committing so much sin”
JER 9 5 k167 0 They are exhausted from committing iniquity Alternate translation: “They are tired from committing so much sin”
JER 9 6 kdu3 figs-metaphor 0 Your dwelling is in the midst of deception Yahweh speaks of living among people who are liars as living in the middle of deception. Alternate translation: “Your dwelling is among the dwellings of liars” or “You dwell in the midst of liars” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 9 6 ijp7 0 in their deceit “By telling all of these lies”
JER 9 6 ijp7 0 in their deceit Alternate translation: “By telling all of these lies”
JER 9 6 ra6u figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 9 7 n1gs 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about the people of Judah.
JER 9 7 l451 figs-idiom 0 See Yahweh uses this word here to draw Jeremiah’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -806,35 +806,35 @@ JER 9 9 fm1d figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of h
JER 9 10 p4rg 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah. In verse 12, Jeremiah makes a comment.
JER 9 10 zfu4 figs-parallelism 0 I will sing a song of mourning … a funeral song will be sung for the meadows Yahweh is mourning for the land of Israel as if it were a person who died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 9 10 s5s7 figs-activepassive 0 a funeral song will be sung This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will sing a funeral song” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 9 10 xf64 0 the meadows “the fields of grass that the livestock eats”
JER 9 10 xf64 0 the meadows Alternate translation: “the fields of grass that the livestock eats”
JER 9 10 x2nb figs-activepassive 0 For they are burned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Because someone has burned the meadows and pastures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 9 10 dv5k 0 They will not hear the sound of any cattle “Nobody will hear the sound of cattle there”
JER 9 10 dv5k 0 They will not hear the sound of any cattle Alternate translation: “Nobody will hear the sound of cattle there”
JER 9 11 mp5y 0 a hideout for jackals “a place for jackals to hide.” Jackals are fierce wild dogs.
JER 9 11 har1 0 places without inhabitants “places where no people live”
JER 9 11 har1 0 places without inhabitants Alternate translation: “places where no people live”
JER 9 12 lun7 figs-rquestion 0 What man is wise enough to understand this? Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only a very wise person will understand the things he has said. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only people who are very wise can understand these things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 9 12 dem8 figs-rquestion 0 To whom has the mouth of Yahweh spoken, and he will declare it? Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only the people he has spoken to can declare these things. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only those who have been taught by Yahweh can explain these things to others.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 9 12 r7i9 figs-synecdoche 0 the mouth of Yahweh Here Yahweh’s speech is represented by his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 9 12 ru4f figs-rquestion 0 Why has the land perished and been destroyed … pass through? Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only a wise person could explain why the land has been destroyed. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only a wise person could explain why the land has perished and been destroyed … pass through.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 9 12 x8mt figs-activepassive 0 has the land perished and been destroyed This can be stated in active form. Both “perished” and “been ruined” describe the land being ruined. Alternate translation: “is the land ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 9 13 nkx8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah.
JER 9 13 v98g 0 It is because “These things will happen because”
JER 9 13 v98g 0 It is because Alternate translation: “These things will happen because”
JER 9 13 dqx8 figs-metaphor 0 they have abandoned my law Yahweh speaks of the people not obeying his law as if it were something that they had walked away from. Alternate translation: “they have rejected my law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 9 13 maj3 figs-metonymy 0 they do not listen to my voice Here Yahweh’s “voice” represents what he says. Alternate translation: “they do not pay attention to the things I tell them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 9 13 cf6h figs-idiom 0 or walk by it Here “walk” is an idiom for “live.” Alternate translation: “or live the way I tell them to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 9 14 d459 figs-metonymy 0 they have walked by their stubborn hearts Here the people’s “stubborn hearts” represent their stubborn desires and stubborn will. Also, here “walked” represents living. Alternate translation: “they have been stubborn and lived the way they want to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 9 14 upa5 0 have followed the Baals “have worshiped the Baals”
JER 9 14 upa5 0 have followed the Baals Alternate translation: “have worshiped the Baals”
JER 9 15 rz7x 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah.
JER 9 15 bg34 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 9 15 za9v figs-idiom 0 See Yahweh uses this word here to draw the people’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 9 15 s4r8 0 wormwood a plant that tastes bitter
JER 9 16 nyj4 0 Then I will scatter them among the nations “Then I will force them to leave here and live in many different countries”
JER 9 16 nyj4 0 Then I will scatter them among the nations Alternate translation: “Then I will force them to leave here and live in many different countries”
JER 9 16 axn5 figs-ellipsis 0 neither they nor their ancestors The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “that neither they nor their ancestors have known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 9 16 w74v figs-metonymy 0 I will send out a sword after them Here the word “sword” refers to an enemy army. Alternate translation: “I will send an army of soldiers to fight against them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 9 16 bq4y figs-metonymy 0 I have completely destroyed them This is a metonym for Yahweh causing the people’s enemies to destroy them. Alternate translation: “I have caused their enemies to completely destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 9 17 lv4i 0 General Information: Yahweh tells the people of Judah to mourn for the coming destruction of the land.
JER 9 17 ict2 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 9 17 air9 figs-parallelism 0 Summon funeral singers; let them come … Send out for women skilled at lamenting; let them come These two phrases have the same meaning. They emphasize that they are to call funeral singers to come. Alternate translation: “Get women who are trained in mourning and bring those women here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 9 17 d5sd 0 Summon funeral singers “Call women who are professional singers at funerals”
JER 9 17 d5sd 0 Summon funeral singers Alternate translation: “Call women who are professional singers at funerals”
JER 9 17 u7sp figs-idiom 0 let them come This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “tell the women to come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 9 17 j5jq figs-metonymy 0 Send out for women skilled at lamenting The phrase “send out for” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Send people out to get women who are skilled at mourning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 9 18 ln9m figs-exclusive 0 Let them hurry and sing a mournful song … and our eyelids flow with water Here Yahweh says what the people of Judah will say when the destruction comes. The words “us” and “our” refer to the people of Judah and does not include Yahweh. This may be written instead as a command from Yahweh to the people. Alternate translation: “Tell them to hurry and sing a song to mourn for you, so your eyes may run with tears and your eyelids flow with water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
@ -842,7 +842,7 @@ JER 9 18 fft6 figs-explicit 0 so our eyes may run with tears and our eyelids fl
JER 9 19 g4rv 0 General Information: Here Yahweh is saying what the people of Judah will say when he destroys the land.
JER 9 19 la1m figs-activepassive 0 For the sound of wailing is heard in Zion This refers to the people of Zion wailing loudly and can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Zion are crying loudly, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 9 19 s2nn figs-idiom 0 How we are devastated Yahweh tells what the people of Judah will say when the land is destroyed. Alternate translation: “We are very upset” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 9 19 g3w7 0 We are greatly ashamed, for we have abandoned the land since they tore down our houses “Our shame is great, because enemies destroyed our houses and we had to leave the land of Israel”
JER 9 19 g3w7 0 We are greatly ashamed, for we have abandoned the land since they tore down our houses Alternate translation: “Our shame is great, because enemies destroyed our houses and we had to leave the land of Israel”
JER 9 20 n18s figs-parallelism 0 hear Yahweh’s word; pay attention to the messages that come from his mouth These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the command to listen to what Yahweh says. In the second phrase Yahweh’s “mouth” is a metonym for himself. Alternate translation: “listen to what Yahweh says. Pay attention to his words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 9 20 hr1b figs-ellipsis 0 each neighbor woman a funeral song The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “teach each neighbor woman a funeral song” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 9 21 ruq9 0 General Information: Here Yahweh is saying what the people of Judah will say when he destroys the land.
@ -853,11 +853,11 @@ JER 9 22 b1lf figs-123person 0 This is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of
JER 9 22 tfy4 figs-parallelism 0 the corpses of men will fall like dung … like grain stalks after the reapers These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the large number dead bodies. Alternate translation: “dead bodies will fall all over the place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 9 22 q61w figs-simile 0 corpses of men will fall like dung in the fields This describes the great number of people who will die, by comparing their bodies to dung that falls in the fields. Alternate translation: “dead bodies will drop everywhere like animal dung falls all over the fields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 9 22 j451 figs-simile 0 like grain stalks after the reapers This describes the great number of people who will die, by comparing their bodies to cut stalks of grain. Alternate translation: “like stalks of grain fall everywhere after the farmers cut them down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 9 22 hyq6 0 there will be no one to gather them “there will be nobody to gather the dead bodies”
JER 9 22 hyq6 0 there will be no one to gather them Alternate translation: “there will be nobody to gather the dead bodies”
JER 9 23 v41m 0 General Information: These are the words of Yahweh.
JER 9 23 cbr4 0 Do not let the wise man take pride in his wisdom “A wise man should not be proud because he is wise”
JER 9 23 cbr4 0 Do not let the wise man take pride in his wisdom Alternate translation: “A wise man should not be proud because he is wise”
JER 9 23 r3w7 figs-ellipsis 0 or the warrior in his might The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “or let the warrior take pride in his might” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 9 23 mi8d 0 Do not let the wealthy man take pride in his riches “A rich man should not be proud because he is rich”
JER 9 23 mi8d 0 Do not let the wealthy man take pride in his riches Alternate translation: “A rich man should not be proud because he is rich”
JER 9 24 vub7 figs-parallelism 0 has insight and knows me “understands who I am and knows me.” Both of these phrases have similar meanings. They emphasize people knowing who Yahweh is and understanding who he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 9 24 eht9 figs-explicit 0 For I am Yahweh This refers to people knowing Yahweh and his ways. Alternate translation: “Because people should understand that I am Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 9 24 ccv3 0 For it is in these that I take pleasure The word “these” refers to covenant loyalty, justice, and righteousness.
@ -870,11 +870,11 @@ JER 9 26 siw4 figs-metonymy 0 For all these nations are uncircumcised The word
JER 9 26 l471 figs-metonymy 0 all the house of Israel has an uncircumcised heart The “heart” represents a person’s will and desires. An “uncircumcised heart” represents the character of a person that does not follow Yahweh and his laws. Also, the “house” of Israel refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the people of Israel are only circumcised on the outside and have not changed their hearts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 10 intro v6xy 0 # Jeremiah 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 10:1-25 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are a long quotation.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s power<br>This chapter contrasts the great power of Yahweh with the powerlessness of any other false god. It is intended to question why the Jews would worship any other god. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
JER 10 1 v6qy 0 General Information: Yahweh has just reminded the people of Judah, as well as Egypt, Edom, Ammon, Moab and all people, that they will be punished.
JER 10 1 d4ld 0 Hear the word “Hear the message”
JER 10 1 d4ld 0 Hear the word Alternate translation: “Hear the message”
JER 10 1 str3 figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel Here the “house” of Israel represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 10 2 zcj4 0 Do not learn the ways of the nations “Do not act like the other nations act”
JER 10 2 zcj4 0 Do not learn the ways of the nations Alternate translation: “Do not act like the other nations act”
JER 10 2 v9aa 0 dismayed worried or upset
JER 10 2 cej6 0 by the signs in the heavens “by strange things in the sky”
JER 10 2 cej6 0 by the signs in the heavens Alternate translation: “by strange things in the sky”
JER 10 2 f2sy figs-activepassive 0 for the nations are dismayed by these Here “the nations” refer to the people who live in them. This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “for the people of the nations are afraid of the strange things they see in the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 10 3 d8ux 0 General Information: Yahweh has just reminded them not to learn the ways of the nations nor be worried by things that happen in the sky.
JER 10 3 t24u 0 craftsman a man skilled in his work
@ -884,16 +884,16 @@ JER 10 5 s7ty figs-activepassive 0 they have to be carried This can be stated i
JER 10 6 gd4l 0 General Information: Jeremiah has just been talking about idol worship.
JER 10 6 n439 figs-metonymy 0 your name is great in power Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to himself and his reputation. Alternate translation: “you are very powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 10 7 c4dh figs-rquestion 0 Who does not fear you, king of the nations? Jeremiah asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that everyone should fear Yahweh. Here he refers to Yahweh as “king of the nations.” This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Everyone should fear you, king of the nations.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 10 7 d3y9 0 what you deserve “what you have earned”
JER 10 7 d3y9 0 what you deserve Alternate translation: “what you have earned”
JER 10 8 p37g figs-doublet 0 They are all the same, they are brutish and stupid, disciples The words “brutish” and “stupid” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how foolish the people are for worshiping idols. Alternate translation: “They are all very stupid, they are disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 10 8 hm7c 0 disciples of idols that are nothing but wood “they try to learn from an idol which is only a piece of wood”
JER 10 8 hm7c 0 disciples of idols that are nothing but wood Alternate translation: “they try to learn from an idol which is only a piece of wood”
JER 10 9 ni29 translate-names 0 Tarshish … Uphaz places where silver and gold are mined (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 10 9 zr2p figs-activepassive 0 gold from Uphaz made by artificers, the hands of refiners This can be stated in active form. Also, the refiners are represented here by their “hands” because they do their work with their hands. Alternate translation: “gold from Uphaz that skilled craftsmen and refiners have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 10 9 a9y4 0 artificers “skilled craftsmen”
JER 10 9 a9y4 0 artificers Alternate translation: “skilled craftsmen”
JER 10 9 xa2h 0 refiners people who heat gold to remove from it anything that is not gold
JER 10 9 e22z 0 Their clothes are blue and purple cloth “The people dress the idols in blue and purple cloth”
JER 10 9 e22z 0 Their clothes are blue and purple cloth Alternate translation: “The people dress the idols in blue and purple cloth”
JER 10 10 mm4u figs-personification 0 The earth quakes at his anger This speaks of the earth shaking as an emotional response to Yahweh’s anger, when actually Yahweh causes the earth to quake. Alternate translation: “The earth quakes when he is angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 10 10 re97 0 quakes “shakes”
JER 10 10 re97 0 quakes Alternate translation: “shakes”
JER 10 11 ng9f 0 General Information: God is speaking to Jeremiah.
JER 10 11 bq56 0 You will speak to them like this The word “you” refers to the Israelites and the word “them” refers to the people of the other nations.
JER 10 11 csc7 figs-metaphor 0 will perish from the earth This speaks of the idols disappearing and losing their significance as if they were dying. This emphasizes their lack of power. Alternate translation: “will disappear from the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -902,17 +902,17 @@ JER 10 13 hlz6 figs-metonymy 0 His voice makes the roar of waters in the heaven
JER 10 13 b87n figs-explicit 0 he brings up the mists from the ends of the earth This means that he causes the mists to evaporate and form clouds. The phrase “the ends of the earth” refers to all of the earth. Alternate translation: “he causes clouds to form over every part of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 10 13 y78p figs-metaphor 0 sends out wind from his storehouse This speaks of Yahweh causing the wind to blow as if the wind were kept in a storehouse and brought out when he desires. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 10 13 h3h9 0 storehouse a building where things are kept
JER 10 14 rb7t 0 has become ignorant “is lacking knowledge” or “does not know”
JER 10 14 rb7t 0 has become ignorant Alternate translation: “is lacking knowledge” or “does not know”
JER 10 14 up7n figs-activepassive 0 Every metalworker is put to shame by his idols This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Every metalworker’s idols put him to shame” or “As for every metalworker, his idols shame him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 10 15 l8cb figs-personification 0 they will perish at the time of their punishment This speaks of the final destruction of the idols. Alternate translation: “there will be a time when God will destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 10 16 gc2y figs-metonymy 0 the portion of Jacob Here “Jacob” represents the people of Israel. God being their “portion” is an idiom that means that they worship him. Alternate translation: “the portion of Israel” or “whom the people of Israel worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 10 16 q8sb 0 the molder of all things “the creator of all things” or “the one who created all things”
JER 10 16 q8sb 0 the molder of all things Alternate translation: “the creator of all things” or “the one who created all things”
JER 10 16 p7kl figs-metaphor 0 Israel is the tribe of his inheritance This speaks of Israel belonging to Yahweh as if it were something that Yahweh gained through inheritance. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Israel belongs to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 10 17 hm4j 0 Gather your bundle “Gather your belongings”
JER 10 17 g8r9 0 who have been living under the siege “whose city has been surrounded by your enemies’ army” or “who have been living in your city while an enemy army surrounds it”
JER 10 17 hm4j 0 Gather your bundle Alternate translation: “Gather your belongings”
JER 10 17 g8r9 0 who have been living under the siege Alternate translation: “whose city has been surrounded by your enemies’ army” or “who have been living in your city while an enemy army surrounds it”
JER 10 18 h5w8 figs-idiom 0 See Yahweh uses this word here to draw the peoples’ attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 10 18 yy6k figs-metaphor 0 I am about to throw the inhabitants of the land out this time Here Yahweh speaks of causing the people to leave the land as if they were objects that he were throwing out of a container. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people living in the land to leave that land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 10 18 bz7p 0 inhabitants of the land “people who live in the land”
JER 10 18 bz7p 0 inhabitants of the land Alternate translation: “people who live in the land”
JER 10 18 ku2a 0 distress great pain or suffering
JER 10 19 wud3 figs-synecdoche 0 General Information: Jeremiah is speaking as if he were the whole tribe of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 10 19 k8py figs-metaphor 0 Woe to me! Because of my broken bones, my wound is infected Jeremiah speaks of the peoples’ distress as if they were physically wounded by broken bones and infection. Alternate translation: “Woe to us! It is as though we have broken bones and an infected wound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -931,34 +931,34 @@ JER 10 23 iqa8 figs-parallelism 0 that the way of a man does not come from hims
JER 10 25 kfn6 figs-metaphor 0 Pour your fury on the nations Here “the nations” refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “In your fury, punish the nations” or “In your anger, punish the nations of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 10 25 pi1m figs-idiom 0 that do not call on your name This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that do not worship you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 10 25 b1zn figs-parallelism 0 For they have devoured Jacob and consumed him so as to completely destroy him These three phrases have the same meaning. Jeremiah repeats this idea three times to emphasize the utter destruction of Israel. This speaks of the enemy armies attacking the people of Israel as if the armies were a fierce animal attacking and devouring its prey. Alternate translation: “For they have fiercely attacked the people of Israel and consumed them so as to completely destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 10 25 z8p8 0 demolish his habitation “demolish their homes”
JER 10 25 z8p8 0 demolish his habitation Alternate translation: “demolish their homes”
JER 11 intro tg7m 0 # Jeremiah 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 11:15-17, 20.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The covenant<br><br>The covenant Yahweh made with Moses is prominent in this chapter. Because the people disobeyed this covenant, God will not help them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
JER 11 1 l9ym figs-idiom 0 The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said,” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 11 2 q9d8 0 the inhabitants of Jerusalem “the people who live in Jerusalem”
JER 11 2 q9d8 0 the inhabitants of Jerusalem Alternate translation: “the people who live in Jerusalem”
JER 11 3 d8vl figs-activepassive 0 Cursed is anyone This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will curse anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 11 4 gi9b figs-metaphor 0 from the land of Egypt, from the furnace for smelting iron This speaks of the horrible circumstances and oppression the Israelites were living in Egypt by comparing them to a smelting furnace. Alternate translation: “of Egypt. What happened to them in Egypt was terrible; it was as though they were living in a hot furnace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 11 4 q1a1 0 smelting heating iron to liquid form
JER 11 4 fni7 figs-metonymy 0 Listen to my voice The word “voice” here is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and “listen” is a metonym for “obey.” Alternate translation: “Obey what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 11 5 dhd3 figs-metaphor 0 the land flowing with milk and honey “the land where milk and honey flow.” God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: “the land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 11 6 ts3p 0 the words of this covenant “the terms of this covenant”
JER 11 6 ts3p 0 the words of this covenant Alternate translation: “the terms of this covenant”
JER 11 6 szb8 figs-idiom 0 carry them out This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “obey them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 11 7 q8ju 0 solemn serious and important
JER 11 7 k1gz figs-metonymy 0 Listen to my voice The word “voice” here is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and “listen” is a metonym for “obey.” Alternate translation: “Obey what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 11 8 uvr6 figs-idiom 0 Each person has been walking in the stubbornness of his wicked heart. Here “walking” is an idiom for the way a person lives. The word “heart” is a metonym for a person’s desires and emotions. Alternate translation: “Each person has refused to change and has been living by his own wicked desires” or “Each person has refused to change and continues to do the evil things that they want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 11 8 dla5 0 So I brought all the curses in this covenant that I commanded to come against them “So I punished them with all the curses that I described in this covenant that I had commanded them to obey”
JER 11 8 dla5 0 So I brought all the curses in this covenant that I commanded to come against them Alternate translation: “So I punished them with all the curses that I described in this covenant that I had commanded them to obey”
JER 11 9 n1vg figs-activepassive 0 A conspiracy has been discovered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “There is a conspiracy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 11 9 n8g7 0 conspiracy a secret plan to do something that is harmful or illegal
JER 11 9 lr11 0 the inhabitants of Jerusalem “the people who live in Jerusalem”
JER 11 9 lr11 0 the inhabitants of Jerusalem Alternate translation: “the people who live in Jerusalem”
JER 11 10 g2wu figs-activepassive 0 They have turned to the iniquities of their earliest ancestors The phrase “turned to” is an idiom that means to start doing something. Alternate translation: “They have returned to committing the same iniquities as their earliest ancestors committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 11 10 u3ji 0 walked after “followed after”
JER 11 10 u3ji 0 walked after Alternate translation: “followed after”
JER 11 10 x1cg figs-metonymy 0 The house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “The kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 11 10 u4q4 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 11 11 sr2g 0 See This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 11 12 cy8r figs-metonymy 0 The cities of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem Here the “cities of Judah” represents the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “The people who live in the cities of Judah and in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 11 12 kpf4 figs-activepassive 0 but they will certainly not be saved by them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but their gods will certainly not save them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 11 13 k26k 0 to equal “to as many as”
JER 11 13 d3q3 0 her streets “the streets in Jerusalem”
JER 11 14 em49 0 You must not wail “You must not make a loud cry of sadness”
JER 11 13 k26k 0 to equal Alternate translation: “to as many as”
JER 11 13 d3q3 0 her streets Alternate translation: “the streets in Jerusalem”
JER 11 14 em49 0 You must not wail Alternate translation: “You must not make a loud cry of sadness”
JER 11 15 r1nl figs-rquestion 0 Why is my beloved one, the one who has had so many wicked intentions, in my house? Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the people Judah no longer have a right to be in his temple. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “My beloved one, the one who has had so many wicked intentions, should not be in my house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 11 15 r9hb figs-metaphor 0 is my beloved one, the one who has had The people of Judah are spoken of as if they were a single woman greatly beloved. Alternate translation: “are the people whom I love, those who have had” or “are the people of Judah whom I love, who have had” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 11 16 ia9c figs-metaphor 0 In the past Yahweh called you a leafy olive tree In the Old Testament people were often compared to trees or plants. Those who were prosperous and healthy were spoken of as leafy, fruitful tree. Alternate translation: “In the past Yahweh said that you were like a leafy olive tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -966,7 +966,7 @@ JER 11 16 q1zk figs-metaphor 0 will light a fire on it This expression continue
JER 11 16 jn51 figs-simile 0 that will sound like the roar of a storm This compares the sound of the raging fire to the sound of a severe storm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 11 16 bt3s figs-activepassive 0 its branches will be broken This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it will break off your branches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 11 17 u8fc figs-metaphor 0 the one who planted you This speaks of Yahweh placing the people of Israel and Judah in the places where they live as if they were a tree that Yahweh had planted. Alternate translation: “who planted you like a farmer plants a tree” or “the one who placed you to live in the land of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 11 17 b82g 0 has decreed disaster against you “has decreed that disaster will come upon you”
JER 11 17 b82g 0 has decreed disaster against you Alternate translation: “has decreed that disaster will come upon you”
JER 11 17 cs7v figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 11 17 p53z figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 11 18 aeu2 0 Yahweh made me know these things, so I know them “You have revealed things to me and so I know them.” The refers to Yahweh revealing to Jeremiah that his enemies were planning to kill him.
@ -996,7 +996,7 @@ JER 12 2 bj22 figs-metonymy 0 You are near to them in their mouths, but far awa
JER 12 3 lcj7 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues speaking to Yahweh.
JER 12 3 kt44 figs-metonymy 0 my heart Here the “heart” represents a person’s thoughts and true feelings. Alternate translation: “my thoughts” or “my inner feelings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 12 3 p1lp figs-metaphor 0 Take them away like sheep to the slaughter Here Jeremiah asks Yahweh to prepare to punish the wicked as if they were sheep to be taken away to be slaughtered. Alternate translation: “Take the wicked people away, like sheep for slaughter” or “Prepare to punish those wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 12 3 jep3 0 the day of slaughter “the day they will be destroyed”
JER 12 3 jep3 0 the day of slaughter Alternate translation: “the day they will be destroyed”
JER 12 4 gvz5 0 How long will the land go on drying up … because of the wickedness of its inhabitants? Their land is dry and rain has not come as punishment for the peoples’ wickedness.
JER 12 4 bea9 0 wither dry up
JER 12 4 lm57 figs-activepassive 0 The animals and the birds have been taken away This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The animals and the birds are gone” or “The animals and the birds have all died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1021,29 +1021,29 @@ JER 12 9 l3t3 0 birds of prey birds that attack and eat animals
JER 12 9 idp1 figs-apostrophe 0 Go and gather all the wild beasts and bring them to devour her Yahweh speaks here in the form of a command to strengthen what he says. This command is not directed to a specific person and may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Let all the wild beasts in the fields come and eat her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER 12 10 jl5k figs-metaphor 0 Many shepherds have destroyed my vineyard Here Yahweh speaks of his land and his people being destroyed by armies as if they were a vineyard that shepherds had destroyed. Alternate translation: “My people and my land are like a vineyard that many shepherds have destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 12 10 nw8j figs-metonymy 0 Many shepherds have destroyed Here the word “shepherds” refers to their sheep. Alternate translation: “Many shepherds have allowed their sheep to destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 12 10 dr86 0 They have stomped all over “They have crushed under their feet”
JER 12 10 d5c7 0 my portion of land “the ground I planted” or “my field”
JER 12 10 dr86 0 They have stomped all over Alternate translation: “They have crushed under their feet”
JER 12 10 d5c7 0 my portion of land Alternate translation: “the ground I planted” or “my field”
JER 12 11 ry1p figs-activepassive 0 All the land has been made desolate This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “All the land is desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 12 11 z4k3 figs-idiom 0 takes it to heart This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cares” or “pays any attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 12 12 uwl3 0 Destroyers have come “Destroying armies have come”
JER 12 12 rbb1 0 bare places in the wilderness “places in the wilderness where nothing grows”
JER 12 12 uwl3 0 Destroyers have come Alternate translation: “Destroying armies have come”
JER 12 12 rbb1 0 bare places in the wilderness Alternate translation: “places in the wilderness where nothing grows”
JER 12 12 s2mb figs-metaphor 0 for Yahweh’s sword is devouring Here Yahweh speaks of the armies that he is using to punish his people as being his “sword.” His”sword” is described here as if it were a large animal that attacked and devoured the people. Alternate translation: “for the armies are my sword that I am using to punish you” or “for I am sending the destroying armies to attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 12 12 c8pt 0 from one end of the land to the other This refers to the whole land that belongs to his people.
JER 12 13 du4i 0 They have sown wheat but harvest thornbushes “They have sown wheat, but there is nothing to harvest but thornbushes”
JER 12 13 k4yk 0 They have “My people have”
JER 12 13 du4i 0 They have sown wheat but harvest thornbushes Alternate translation: “They have sown wheat, but there is nothing to harvest but thornbushes”
JER 12 13 k4yk 0 They have Alternate translation: “My people have”
JER 12 13 c3di 0 thornbushes a large plant that is covered in sharp points
JER 12 13 jez5 0 exhausted unable to do more, without any more strength
JER 12 13 fby2 0 So be ashamed of your gain because of Yahweh’s anger “So be ashamed of your tiny harvest because Yahweh is angry with you.” Here the word “gain” does not mean a large amount of something, but refers to a small amount.
JER 12 14 w8dl 0 strike at the possession “have been trying to take away the land”
JER 12 14 c7h3 0 made my people Israel inherit “gave my people Israel as an inheritance”
JER 12 14 w8dl 0 strike at the possession Alternate translation: “have been trying to take away the land”
JER 12 14 c7h3 0 made my people Israel inherit Alternate translation: “gave my people Israel as an inheritance”
JER 12 14 e4jf 0 See This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 12 14 b371 figs-metaphor 0 to uproot them from their own ground God speaks of forcing the people to leave their land as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. See how you translated this concept in [Jeremiah 1:10](../01/10.md). Alternate translation: “to make them leave their own land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 12 14 sv7x figs-metaphor 0 I will pull up the house of Judah from among them Here Yahweh speaks of causing the people of Judah to leave the lands of the other nations as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. Alternate translation: “I will cause the house of Judah to leave their lands as well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 12 14 ylh4 0 pull up “uproot”
JER 12 14 ylh4 0 pull up Alternate translation: “uproot”
JER 12 14 t297 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 12 15 i4tb figs-metaphor 0 I uproot those nations God speaks of forcing the people to leave their land as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. Alternate translation: “I make those nations leave their lands and move to different places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 12 16 f6ti 0 General Information: God’s word about Judah’s neighbors.
JER 12 16 i1wv 0 It will come about that “It will happen that”
JER 12 16 i1wv 0 It will come about that Alternate translation: “It will happen that”
JER 12 16 j3ji figs-idiom 0 As Yahweh lives “As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Swearing in Yahweh’s name instead of in Baal’s name indicates that they worship Yahweh instead of Baal. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 12 16 uph7 figs-metaphor 0 they will be built up in the midst of my people This speaks of the people becoming prosperous as if they were a building that was being built. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will build them up in the midst of my people” or “I will make them wealthy and they will live among my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 12 16 pe5g 0 midst middle
@ -1052,29 +1052,29 @@ JER 13 intro ky38 0 # Jeremiah 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formattin
JER 13 1 yq1d 0 linen a type of very fine cloth
JER 13 1 puq2 0 undergarment clothing that people wear under their clothes; underwear
JER 13 1 d4jw 0 waist the middle part of the body, usually the narrowest, between the hips and chest
JER 13 1 kf2e 0 do not put it in water first “do not wash it or get it wet”
JER 13 1 kf2e 0 do not put it in water first Alternate translation: “do not wash it or get it wet”
JER 13 3 z13h figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to me a second time, saying, The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message a second time. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this second message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 13 4 b7b3 0 rock crevice a space between rocks or a crack in a rock, big enough to put something into it
JER 13 8 wf3x figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 13 9 a1zp figs-metonymy 0 of Judah and Jerusalem Here Judah and Jerusalem refer to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “of the people of Judah and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 13 10 j3d9 0 to listen to my word “to obey what I say”
JER 13 10 j3d9 0 to listen to my word Alternate translation: “to obey what I say”
JER 13 10 rn4k figs-idiom 0 who walk in the hardness of their heart This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “who are stubborn and only do the things they desire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 13 11 z1xb 0 clings to … cling to me “sticks to … stick to me” or “stays close to … stay close to me”
JER 13 11 t4mp 0 all the house of … all the house of “all the people of … all the people of”
JER 13 11 z1xb 0 clings to … cling to me Alternate translation: “sticks to … stick to me” or “stays close to … stay close to me”
JER 13 11 t4mp 0 all the house of … all the house of Alternate translation: “all the people of … all the people of”
JER 13 11 uak7 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 13 11 h7ch figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 13 11 b9j5 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 13 12 sbk9 figs-activepassive 0 Every jar will be filled with wine … every jar will be filled with wine This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Every wineskin should be full of wine … every wineskin should be full of wine” or “Every wine jar should be full of wine … every wine jar should be full of wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 13 13 bv6t 0 See This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 13 13 g8y3 0 fill with drunkenness every inhabitant of this land “cause all the people of this land to be drunk”
JER 13 13 g8y3 0 fill with drunkenness every inhabitant of this land Alternate translation: “cause all the people of this land to be drunk”
JER 13 13 e418 figs-metonymy 0 the kings who sit on David’s throne Here the throne that the king of Judah sits on is represented as “David’s throne.” Alternate translation: “the kings who sit on Judah’s throne” or “the kings of the nation of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 13 14 e1iz figs-gendernotations 0 smash each man against the other, fathers and children together Here the words “each man” refer to both men and women. Alternate translation: “Then I will cause the people to fight with each other, even parents and children will fight one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
JER 13 14 g1jc figs-ellipsis 0 fathers and children together The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “I will smash fathers and children together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 13 14 kq6a figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 13 14 n1g8 0 I will not pity “I will not feel sorry for”
JER 13 14 p3a5 0 will not spare them from destruction “will not withhold punishment from them.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will allow them to be destroyed”
JER 13 14 n1g8 0 I will not pity Alternate translation: “I will not feel sorry for”
JER 13 14 p3a5 0 will not spare them from destruction This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will allow them to be destroyed”
JER 13 15 d8mp 0 arrogant falsely believing oneself to be important
JER 13 16 wwm1 0 he brings darkness “he causes darkness to come.” Here trouble and despair are spoken of as if they were “darkness.” Alternate translation: “he brings trouble and despair” or “he cause great troubles to come”
JER 13 16 wwm1 0 he brings darkness Here trouble and despair are spoken of as if they were “darkness.” Alternate translation: “he brings trouble and despair” or “he cause great troubles to come”
JER 13 16 f21v figs-synecdoche 0 before he causes your feet to stumble Here a person is referred to by his “feet” to emphasize that he is walking. Alternate translation: “before he causes you to trip and fall as you walk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 13 16 nkc1 0 twilight early morning or evening when it is partially dark, when the sun is beginning to rise or when the sun is almost set
JER 13 16 lg6k figs-metaphor 0 For you are hoping for light, but he will turn the place into a deep darkness, into a dark cloud This speaks of goodness and blessings as “light” and of trouble and despair as “darkness.” Alternate translation: “For you were hoping for light and blessings, but Yahweh will give you darkness and great despair--you will feel like you are surrounded by a dark cloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1105,9 +1105,9 @@ JER 14 1 dvb6 0 General Information: Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has
JER 14 1 c8lt figs-idiom 0 This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 14 2 cn9g figs-metonymy 0 Let Judah mourn Here “Judah” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “Let the people of Judah mourn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 14 2 zct6 figs-synecdoche 0 let her gates fall apart Here the word “gates,” which keep enemies out of cities and where people conduct business and government, is a synecdoche for Judah’s cities, and Judah’s cities are a metonym for the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “let her cities fall apart” or “let the people in her cities become unable to defend themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 14 2 twu5 0 fall apart “fall into pieces”
JER 14 2 twu5 0 fall apart Alternate translation: “fall into pieces”
JER 14 2 qu68 figs-idiom 0 their cries for Jerusalem are going up The phrase “going up” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “They are calling out loudly in prayer for Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 14 3 v2l2 0 Their mighty ones “The rich people”
JER 14 3 v2l2 0 Their mighty ones Alternate translation: “The rich people”
JER 14 3 z6ul figs-doublet 0 ashamed and dishonored Both of these words have similar meaning and together emphasize that the servants were ashamed that they were unable to get water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 14 3 drx3 translate-symaction 0 they cover their heads In biblical times, people would wear a headcovering to show that they were ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 14 4 l4rv 0 General Information: Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has continued to tell the people about the drought.
@ -1115,7 +1115,7 @@ JER 14 4 je8k translate-symaction 0 The plowmen are ashamed and cover their hea
JER 14 5 yca3 figs-parallelism 0 the doe leaves her young in the fields and abandons them These two phrase have the same meaning and emphasize that the doe leaves her young deer because she cannot provide for them. A doe is a female deer. Alternate translation: “the deer leaves her young in the field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 14 5 q5hd figs-explicit 0 for there is no grass This means that there is no grass for the deer to eat. Alternate translation: “for there is no grass for them to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 14 6 rv34 figs-simile 0 they pant in the wind like jackals This speaks of the donkeys panting because they are thirsty by saying that they pant like jackals. Jackals are fiece wild dog which pant a lot. Alternate translation: “they pant in the wind like thirsty jackals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 14 6 sa12 0 Their eyes fail to work, for there is no vegetation “They become blind because there is no grass to eat”
JER 14 6 sa12 0 Their eyes fail to work, for there is no vegetation Alternate translation: “They become blind because there is no grass to eat”
JER 14 7 u1uz 0 General Information: Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has just told the people about the drought.
JER 14 7 a7md figs-personification 0 our iniquities testify against us Here their “iniquities” are spoken of as if they were people who testified against them about their wrong doing. Alternate translation: “our iniquities give evidence of our wrongdoing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 14 7 hdk6 figs-metonymy 0 for the sake of your name Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to his reputation. Alternate translation: “for the sake of your reputation” or “in order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1129,7 +1129,7 @@ JER 14 10 jb8u 0 General Information: Jeremiah has been praying and asking Yah
JER 14 10 u7uz figs-metaphor 0 they love to wander “they love to wander away from me.” This speaks of people being unfaithful to Yahweh and not obey him as if they had wandered from the place where he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 14 10 x599 figs-synecdoche 0 have not held back their feet Here the people are referred to by their “feet” to emphasize their walking away from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “have not kept themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 14 10 t4hn figs-idiom 0 calls to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remembers” or “recalls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 14 11 i69u 0 on behalf of “to assist” or “to help”
JER 14 11 i69u 0 on behalf of Alternate translation: “to assist” or “to help”
JER 14 12 a2l9 0 wailing loudly crying because of sorrow
JER 14 12 vgw6 figs-euphemism 0 I will put an end to them This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER 14 12 c1vk figs-metonymy 0 by sword Here war is represented by the “sword” which was the common weapon used in battle. Alternate translation: “by war” or “by battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1154,20 +1154,20 @@ JER 14 18 xa86 figs-metonymy 0 there are the diseases that are caused by famine
JER 14 18 uax5 0 wander move around without purpose
JER 14 18 nrq3 figs-explicit 0 they do not know It may be helpful to state what they do not know. Alternate translation: “they do not know what they are doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 14 19 bxi3 figs-ellipsis 0 for a time of healing The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “we hoped for a time of healing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 14 20 z8n3 0 We admit, Yahweh, our offenses, the iniquity of our ancestors “Yahweh, we admit our wicked offenses and our ancestors’ iniquity”
JER 14 20 z8n3 0 We admit, Yahweh, our offenses, the iniquity of our ancestors Alternate translation: “Yahweh, we admit our wicked offenses and our ancestors’ iniquity”
JER 14 21 ni6n 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues his prayer to Yahweh.
JER 14 21 ur4i figs-metonymy 0 For the sake of your name Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to his reputation. Alternate translation: “For the sake of your reputation” or “In order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 14 21 h4sh figs-metonymy 0 your glorious throne Yahweh’s “throne” is represented by Zion, that is Jerusalem. His “throne” also represents the place where he rules as king. Alternate translation: “do disgrace Zion where you glorious throne is” or “do not disgrace Zion, where you rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 14 22 my15 0 can the skies themselves send down showers “Can the skies decide when they make the rain to fall?”
JER 14 22 my15 0 can the skies themselves send down showers Alternate translation: “Can the skies decide when they make the rain to fall?”
JER 15 intro ebq4 0 # Jeremiah 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:2, 5-21.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Do not pray for the people<br><br>God told Jeremiah not to pray for the people because God was punishing them. This was meant to be an illustration for Jeremiah. Jeremiah was not to pray because the punishment was already determined. Yahweh also explains that even the great Moses could not help the sinful Jews. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Yahweh uses Gentile nations<br>Yahweh is going to use the Gentile nations to punish Judah. This would have been very offensive to the Jews. They would have also been surprised to learn that Yahweh was using the Gentile nations to punish his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 15 1 w1rn 0 General Information: Jeremiah has just been praying to Yahweh.
JER 15 1 az7b figs-explicit 0 were standing in front of me, I would still not be in favor of this people This implies that they are pleading for Yahweh to spare the people. Alternate translation: “were standing in front of me pleading for these people, I would still not be in favor of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 15 1 g56c figs-parallelism 0 Send them out from before me, for them to go away Yahweh repeats this idea of sending away his people to add emphasis to it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 15 2 i7zf 0 Those who are for “Those whom I have appointed to go to”
JER 15 2 i7zf 0 Those who are for Alternate translation: “Those whom I have appointed to go to”
JER 15 2 a7na figs-metaphor 0 should go to death This speaks of dying as if death were a place that people can go to. Alternate translation: “should die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 15 2 qrc1 figs-metonymy 0 those who are for the sword should go to the sword Here the “sword” represents war. To be “for the sword” means that God has appointed them to die in war. Alternate translation: “those whom I have appointed to die in war should go to die in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 15 2 s5vx figs-metaphor 0 Those who are for famine should go to famine This means that Yahweh has appointed these to die because of famine, and these words speak of dying by famine as if “famine” were a place that people can go to. Alternate translation: “Those whom I have appointed to die by famine should go and die by famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 15 2 ub7g 0 should go to captivity “should go into captivity”
JER 15 2 ub7g 0 should go to captivity Alternate translation: “should go into captivity”
JER 15 3 xfn3 0 General Information: Yahweh has just told them he will send some of them to death, some to die by the sword, some to die by famine, and some to be captives.
JER 15 3 b44y figs-metonymy 0 the sword Here the “sword” refers to the enemy soldiers. Alternate translation: “the enemy soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 15 4 etb6 0 I will make of them Here the word “them” refers to the people of Judah, not to the four groups listed in the previous verse.
@ -1177,11 +1177,11 @@ JER 15 5 lb4g figs-rquestion 0 For who will have compassion for you, Jerusalem?
JER 15 5 wfj2 figs-metonymy 0 for you, Jerusalem Here “Jerusalem” refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “for you people who live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 15 6 es4m figs-parallelism 0 You have forsaken me … you have gone back from me These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people have, indeed, forsaken Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 15 6 w5w5 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 15 6 hk2v 0 gone back from me “left me” or “gone away from me”
JER 15 6 hk2v 0 gone back from me Alternate translation: “left me” or “gone away from me”
JER 15 6 ub2d figs-metonymy 0 I will strike you with my hand Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “I will use my power to strike you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 15 7 xa8z figs-metaphor 0 So I will winnow them with a pitchfork at the gates of the land Here Yahweh speaks of scattering the people and causing them to leave Jersalem as if they were winnowed chaff being blown away on the wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 15 7 i5zm 0 pitchfork a farm tool with a long handle and sharp metal prongs, used especially for lifting and tossing grain in the air for winnowing
JER 15 7 tdb1 0 I will bereave them “I will cause their children to die” or “I will let their enemies kill their children”
JER 15 7 tdb1 0 I will bereave them Alternate translation: “I will cause their children to die” or “I will let their enemies kill their children”
JER 15 8 lzr4 0 General Information: Yahweh has just told them no one will care about them and that he will destroy his people since they would not turn from their wicked ways.
JER 15 8 pg9y 0 widows women whose husbands have died
JER 15 8 zf6z figs-hyperbole 0 more than the sands of the seashore “than the grains of sand on the seashore.” This comparison is an exaggeration used to emphasize an uncountable number. Alternate translation: “more than you can count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@ -1204,8 +1204,8 @@ JER 15 13 m4cc 0 General Information: In these verse, Yahweh speaks to the nat
JER 15 13 r9fq figs-doublet 0 wealth and treasures The words “wealth” and “treasures” mean the same thing and refer to anything that people consider to be valuable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 15 13 cy1n 0 plunder things that you steal from a city after conquering it
JER 15 13 c2bt figs-activepassive 0 all your sins committed This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “all of the sins you have committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 15 13 dzj5 0 within all your borders “throughout your country”
JER 15 14 e1nj 0 a land that you do not know “to a land that is strange to you”
JER 15 13 dzj5 0 within all your borders Alternate translation: “throughout your country”
JER 15 14 e1nj 0 a land that you do not know Alternate translation: “to a land that is strange to you”
JER 15 14 p77q figs-metaphor 0 for a fire will ignite, kindled in my wrath against you The wrath of God is spoken of as if it were a destructive fire. Alternate translation: “I will destroy you because I am very angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 15 14 y1s1 figs-metaphor 0 for a fire will ignite, kindled in my wrath against you Here Yahweh speaks of his wrath as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: “for my wrath is like a fire that I will kindle against you” or “for I will come against you in my wrath, and my wrath will be like a burning fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 15 14 ap1i 0 kindled to light a fire
@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@ JER 15 15 lk6p figs-explicit 0 You are patient, but do not allow them to take m
JER 15 16 ds55 figs-activepassive 0 Your words have been found This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have heard your message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 15 16 a55i figs-metaphor 0 I consumed them Jeremiah speaks of listening and understanding Yahweh’s message as if it were food that he ate. Alternate translation: “I understood your message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 15 16 f4hq figs-metonymy 0 the delight of my heart Here the “heart” represents a person emotions and feelings. Alternate translation: “what I love most” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 15 16 se2v 0 I bear your name “people know that I serve you”
JER 15 16 se2v 0 I bear your name Alternate translation: “people know that I serve you”
JER 15 17 xx62 figs-idiom 0 I did not sit in the circle of This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I did not spend time with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 15 17 lst3 figs-metaphor 0 of your powerful hand Here Yahweh’s “powerful hand” refers to his control and influence over Jeremiah. Alternate translation: “you powerfully influence me” or “you are the one who controls what I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 15 18 xb1d figs-rquestion 0 Why is my pain ongoing and my wound incurable, refusing to be healed? Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to emphasize his pain. He speaks of his pain as if it were a physical wound. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “My pain is ongoing, it is like a wound that will not heal.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1231,7 +1231,7 @@ JER 15 21 lwc5 figs-nominaladj 0 the wicked This refers to wicked people. Alter
JER 15 21 mm5k 0 tyrant a ruler who demands absolute obedience and is not friendly for the people under his rule
JER 16 intro mts4 0 # Jeremiah 16 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 16:19-21. This poem also continues in chapter 17, and these should be seen as one section.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Coming punishment<br><br>The punishment that is prophesied in this chapter will happen quickly. The author gives many illustrations which describe how quickly this punishment will come. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>### Israel restored<br><br>God will bring his people back from captivity. Even though the punishment of Judah will be great, Yahweh promised a future restoration. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])
JER 16 1 iq2r figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 16 4 bdx2 0 They will die diseased deaths “They will die from deadly diseases”
JER 16 4 bdx2 0 They will die diseased deaths Alternate translation: “They will die from deadly diseases”
JER 16 4 nm5s figs-activepassive 0 They will not be mourned or buried This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one will mourn for them or bury them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 16 4 paq4 figs-simile 0 They will be like dung on the ground The sons and daughters born in the land are compared to dung on the ground to emphasize that they will be disgusting and that no one will bury them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 8:2](../08/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 16 4 b995 figs-euphemism 0 they will come to an end by sword and famine The phrase “come to an end” is a mild way to say that they will die. The word “sword” represents an army whose soldiers fight with swords. The phrase represents dying in battle. Alternate translation: “they will die in battle or from famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1244,16 +1244,16 @@ JER 16 6 k2n5 figs-activepassive 0 They will not be buried This can be stated i
JER 16 6 s8kp translate-symaction 0 no one will … cut themselves or shave their heads for them Cutting oneself and shaving one’s head were symbolic actions that expressed strong grief, especially when a loved one died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 16 7 t3iq figs-parallelism 0 No one must share any food in mourning to comfort them because of the deaths … none must give a comforting cup to his father or his mother These two clauses have a similar meaning. God said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. It was customary to take food or wine to people whose relative had died. Yahweh has removed all comfort from the people because of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 16 7 ae18 figs-metonymy 0 none must give a comforting cup Here the word “cup” represents the drink that the cup holds. Alternate translation: “none must give a comforting drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 16 8 rzm9 0 a banquet house “a house where people are feasting”
JER 16 8 rzm9 0 a banquet house Alternate translation: “a house where people are feasting”
JER 16 9 z6t7 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 16 9 hq3r 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 16 9 hq3r 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 16 9 fxi9 figs-you 0 before your eyes Here the word “your” is plural and refers to the people of Israel. The idiom means that Yahweh will do this where they can see. Alternate translation: “in front of you” or “where you can see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 16 9 b3s5 figs-idiom 0 in your days This idiom means during their lifetime. Alternate translation: “during your lifetime” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 16 9 lki1 0 the sound of joy and the sound of gladness, the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:34](../07/34.md).
JER 16 11 fq83 figs-parallelism 0 worshiped and bowed down to them The words “bowed down to” mean basically the same thing as “worshiped” and describe the posture that people used in worship. God said essentially the same thing twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 16 12 cu97 0 ancestors, for see, each person “ancestors. Look at these people and you will see that each person”
JER 16 12 cu97 0 ancestors, for see, each person Alternate translation: “ancestors. Look at these people and you will see that each person”
JER 16 12 c169 figs-metaphor 0 walking by the stubbornness of his wicked heart Yahweh speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking along a path. Here the word “heart” represents the mind or will. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 11:8](../11/08.md). Alternate translation: “stubbornly doing the wicked things that he wants to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 16 12 qh3g 0 who listens to me “who does what I tell him to do”
JER 16 12 qh3g 0 who listens to me Alternate translation: “who does what I tell him to do”
JER 16 13 y41b figs-metaphor 0 throw you from this land Yahweh speaks of forcefully removing the people from the land as if he were throwing them from the land. Alternate translation: “force you to leave this land and go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 16 13 e16l figs-merism 0 by day and night The mention of both “day” and “night” means all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “continually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER 16 14 em2d 0 behold The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
@ -1305,7 +1305,7 @@ JER 17 10 hlu7 figs-metaphor 0 the fruit of his deeds Here the results of a per
JER 17 11 r1bc 0 A partridge hatches an egg … become rich unjustly This analogy of a bird that hatches another bird’s eggs is meant to illustrate a rich man who makes his money by robbing others.
JER 17 11 j8my figs-idiom 0 when half his days are over Here the word “days” stands for someone’s entire life. Alternate translation: “when he has lived only half of his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 17 11 t4k5 figs-personification 0 those riches will abandon him The riches are spoken of as if they were servants who would abandon their owner. Alternate translation: “he will lose his wealth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 17 11 wwb2 0 in the end “at the end of his life”
JER 17 11 wwb2 0 in the end Alternate translation: “at the end of his life”
JER 17 12 c58h figs-metaphor 0 The place of our temple is a glorious throne Jeremiah speaks of the temple being a “glorious throne” because it is there that Yahweh dwells and rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 17 12 mmb5 0 The place of our temple This refers to Mount Zion in Jerusalem.
JER 17 13 j27x 0 All who abandon you Here the word “you” refers to Yahweh.
@ -1315,26 +1315,26 @@ JER 17 13 vf2c figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh, the fountain of living waters Jeremiah s
JER 17 13 pj3q figs-metaphor 0 the fountain of living waters Jeremiah speaks of fresh, running water as if it were living water. Alternate translation: “the fountain of fresh, running water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 17 14 emc7 figs-activepassive 0 I will be healed … I will be rescued This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you really will have healed me … you really will have rescued me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 17 14 t5hz 0 For you are my song of praise This could mean: (1) “For you are the one whom I praise” or (2) “For you are the reason I sing praise.”
JER 17 15 c8ap 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
JER 17 15 c8ap 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
JER 17 15 kn8p 0 they are saying to me Here the word “me” refers to Jeremiah and the word “they” to his enemies.
JER 17 15 qef1 figs-rquestion 0 Where is the word of Yahweh? The people use this question to ridicule Jeremiah because the things that he said had not yet happened. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Where are the things that Yahweh told you would happen?” or “The things that Yahweh told you would happen have not happened.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 17 15 s66x 0 Let it come “Let what Yahweh has said happen”
JER 17 15 s66x 0 Let it come Alternate translation: “Let what Yahweh has said happen”
JER 17 16 dye9 figs-metaphor 0 I did not run from being a shepherd following you Jeremiah speaks of leading and caring for the people as if he were a shepherd caring for sheep. He speaks of his abandoning that work as if he were running away from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 17 16 vlg8 0 I did not long for “I did not desire”
JER 17 16 vlg8 0 I did not long for Alternate translation: “I did not desire”
JER 17 16 m8x1 figs-synecdoche 0 the proclamations that came from my lips Here the word “lips” represents Jeremiah who spoke. The word “proclamations” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the proclamations that I spoke” or “the things that I proclaimed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 17 16 hkb7 figs-activepassive 0 They were made This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I made them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 17 17 q4lu figs-metaphor 0 You are my refuge Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as a place where enemies cannot attack him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 17 17 ls2i 0 on the day of calamity “in times of calamity”
JER 17 17 ls2i 0 on the day of calamity Alternate translation: “in times of calamity”
JER 17 18 p168 figs-activepassive 0 May my pursuers be ashamed, but do not let me be ashamed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bring shame on my pursuers, but do not bring shame on me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 17 18 us8n figs-parallelism 0 May they be dismayed, but do not let me be dismayed This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous one and adds emphasis to Jeremiah’s prayer. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make them very afraid, but do not make me afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 17 18 xrc7 figs-metaphor 0 shatter them with a double share of destruction Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh destroying his enemies as if they were objects that Yahweh would shatter. The idiom “a double share” means to give twice as much. Alternate translation: “shatter them with complete destruction” or “destroy them twice as much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 17 19 ab1v figs-ellipsis 0 then in all the other gates of Jerusalem The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “then go and stand in all the other gates of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 17 21 jye6 0 for the sake of your lives “to protect your lives”
JER 17 21 jye6 0 for the sake of your lives Alternate translation: “to protect your lives”
JER 17 23 cu16 figs-doublet 0 They did not listen or pay attention These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people refused to listen. Alternate translation: “They refused to listen” or “They refused to obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 17 23 ksk9 figs-metaphor 0 stiffened their neck Jeremiah speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had made their necks stiff and unmovable. Alternate translation: “became stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 17 25 i3jj figs-metonymy 0 those who sit on David’s throne Here the throne that the king of Judah sits on is represented as “David’s throne.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 13:13](../13/13.md). Alternate translation: “those who sit on Judah’s throne” or “the kings of the nation of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 17 25 r4s3 figs-activepassive 0 this city will be inhabited forever This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will inhabit this city forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 17 27 xjp9 0 I will light a fire in its gates “I will set the gates of Jerusalem on fire”
JER 17 27 xjp9 0 I will light a fire in its gates Alternate translation: “I will set the gates of Jerusalem on fire”
JER 17 27 r5tg figs-activepassive 0 it cannot be put out This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people cannot put it out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 18 intro z3ii 0 # Jeremiah 18 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 18:13-17, 19-23.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Attacking Jeremiah<br>Things were so bad in Judah, they even attacked Jeremiah. To attack Yahweh’s prophet was to attack Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Simile<br><br>Like a potter can change what he is making from one type of pot to another, God can change his plans and not punish people if they repent. The image of God as a potter and mankind as clay is an important one in Scripture. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 18 1 ad7f figs-idiom 0 The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Arise” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah: ‘Arise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1342,23 +1342,23 @@ JER 18 2 ww5x 0 the potter’s house “the workshop of the potter.” A potte
JER 18 3 z9ps 0 behold! The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this.
JER 18 3 x9yr 0 on the potter’s wheel The potter’s wheel is a small table that spins. A potter uses it to make pots.
JER 18 4 j5pm figs-activepassive 0 the pot he was making from the clay was spoiled in the potter’s hand The word “spoiled” means that something about the pot made the potter unhappy. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the pot that the potter was making with his hands was not good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 18 4 ffd2 0 was making “was forming” or “was shaping”
JER 18 4 ffd2 0 was making Alternate translation: “was forming” or “was shaping”
JER 18 4 qs6u 0 he returned the clay and formed it into another pot He stopped making the pot, crushed the clay back into a lump, and then used that lump of clay to make another pot.
JER 18 4 kd4f figs-metonymy 0 that was pleasing in his eyes Here the word “eyes” represents sight and sight represents one’s opinion. Alternate translation: “that he thought was good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 18 5 gj6x figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 18 6 y4ia figs-rquestion 0 Should I not be able to act like this potter with you, house of Israel? With this question, Yahweh emphasizes his authority to do as he pleases with Israel. Alternate translation: “I am allowed to act toward you, house of Israel, like the potter acts toward the clay.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 18 6 j2v5 figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “kingdom of Israel” or “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 18 6 elt6 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 18 6 zg76 0 Behold “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
JER 18 6 zg76 0 Behold Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
JER 18 6 uzq5 figs-simile 0 Like clay in a potter’s hand—that is how you are in my hand Yahweh compares his being able to remake Israel as he see fit to the way that the potter is able to remake a lump of clay as he sees fit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 18 7 jk3p figs-doublet 0 tear it down, or destroy it These two expressions basically mean the same thing. In the first expression, Yahweh speaks of destroying a kingdom as if the kingdom were a plant or a building that he tears down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 18 8 lnu4 0 relent from “withhold” or “not bring”
JER 18 8 lnu4 0 relent from Alternate translation: “withhold” or “not bring”
JER 18 9 n3us figs-doublet 0 build it up or plant it These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of strengthening kingdoms as if they were buildings that he would build, and as if they were plants that he would plant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 18 10 q9ah figs-metonymy 0 if it does evil in my eyes Here the word “it” refers to a nation or kingdom, which is a metonym for the people in that nation or kingdom. The word “eyes” represents seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “if the people of that nation do things that I consider to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 18 10 u2ti figs-metonymy 0 not listening to my voice Here the word “voice” represents the words that Yahweh speaks. Here, “not listening” is an idiom that means that they do not obey. Alternate translation: “not obeying what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 18 11 h8xz 0 See This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 18 11 tj92 figs-metaphor 0 I am about to form disaster against you. I am about to devise a plan against you Yahweh speaks of planning disaster as if disaster were an object that he forms, like the potter would form clay. The second sentence repeats the same idea as the first using different words. Alternate translation: “I am about to devise a plan to bring disaster against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 18 11 v6ut 0 devise a plan “make a plan”
JER 18 11 v6ut 0 devise a plan Alternate translation: “make a plan”
JER 18 11 me21 figs-metaphor 0 his wicked way Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 18 11 w5eq figs-doublet 0 so your ways and your practices will bring good to you The words “ways” and “practices” both refer to a person’s actions and general lifestyle. Alternate translation: “so your actions will result in good happening to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 18 12 fq15 0 But they will say The word “they” refers to the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem.
@ -1367,7 +1367,7 @@ JER 18 12 yc7y figs-metonymy 0 what his evil, stubborn heart desires Here the w
JER 18 13 w781 figs-rquestion 0 Ask the nations, who has ever heard of such a thing as this? Here the word “nations” represents the people in the nations. Yahweh asks this question to scold the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Ask the nations if any of them have ever heard of such a thing as this.” or “Nowhere on earth has anyone ever heard of such a thing like this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 18 13 vta7 figs-personification 0 The virgin Israel has committed a horrible act It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. Yahweh speaks of Israel being pure and faithful towards him as if she were a virgin and of Israel being unfaithful to him as if she had “committed a horrible act.” Alternate translation: “Israel, who is like a virgin, has done something horrible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 18 14 bbi9 figs-rquestion 0 Does the snow in Lebanon ever leave the rocky hills on its sides? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the snow on the mountains never melts. Alternate translation: “The snow in Lebanon never leaves the rocky hills on its sides.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 18 14 pn6p 0 the rocky hills on its sides “the sides of the rocky hills”
JER 18 14 pn6p 0 the rocky hills on its sides Alternate translation: “the sides of the rocky hills”
JER 18 14 utv2 figs-rquestion 0 Are the mountain streams coming from far away ever destroyed, those cold streams? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the mountain streams never cease to flow. He speaks of the streams drying up as if they were destroyed. Alternate translation: “Those cold mountain streams that come from far away never cease to flow.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 18 15 k5st figs-metaphor 0 been made to stumble in their paths Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a path along which he walks, and of living unfaithfully to him as if the person stumbled along the path. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “this caused them to stumble in their paths” or “it is like they stumbled while walking on a path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 18 15 x24p figs-metaphor 0 they have left the ancient paths to walk lesser paths Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a path along which he walks. Here, “the ancient paths” represents the way that Yahweh had told their ancestors to live and “lesser paths” represents living unfaithfully to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1377,7 +1377,7 @@ JER 18 16 mx2e 0 passes by her Here the word “her” refers to “Their land
JER 18 17 n6hk figs-metaphor 0 I will scatter them before their enemies like an eastern wind Yahweh speaks of causing the people to flee before their enemies as if he were an eastern wind that scatters dust and debris. Alternate translation: “I will be like an eastern wind and scatter them before their enemies” or “I will scatter them before their enemies like an eastern wind scatters dust and debris” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 18 17 n2xm 0 will scatter them Here the word “them” refers to “my people.”
JER 18 17 mn5a translate-symaction 0 I will show them my back, and not my face “I will turn my back toward them, and not my face.” Turning one’s back towards someone is a symbolic action that represents rejection and turning one’s face towards someone is a symbolic action that represents favor. Alternate translation: “I will reject them and not act favorably towards them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 18 18 vh9w 0 let us make plots against Jeremiah “let us make plans to harm Jeremiah”
JER 18 18 vh9w 0 let us make plots against Jeremiah Alternate translation: “let us make plans to harm Jeremiah”
JER 18 18 cf4s figs-ellipsis 0 the law will never perish from the priests, or advice from the wise men, or words from the prophets The words “will never perish” can be supplied to each of these phrases. This can also be expressed in positive terms. Alternate translation: “the law will never perish from the priests, and advice will never perish from the wise men, and words will never perish from the prophets” or “the priests will always have the law, the wise men will always give advice, and the prophets will always speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 18 18 f353 figs-explicit 0 words from the prophets Here “words” represents messages that the prophets speak from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “words of Yahweh from the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 18 18 ay55 figs-metaphor 0 attack him with our words The people speak of speaking harmful words against Jeremiah as if their words were weapons with which they attack him. Alternate translation: “say things that will harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1400,21 +1400,21 @@ JER 18 23 jrr6 figs-abstractnouns 0 in the time of your wrath The word “wrath
JER 19 intro e68t 0 # Jeremiah 19 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### People horrified<br><br>The destruction of Jerusalem will be so complete that it will leave dead bodies everywhere and horrify people who see it.
JER 19 2 r77q 0 Valley of Ben Hinnom This is the name of a valley south of the city of Jerusalem, where people sacrificed to false gods. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md).
JER 19 3 lse3 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 19 3 tn4j 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 19 3 tn4j 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 19 3 wu9y figs-idiom 0 the ears of everyone who hears of it will tingle Here “ears … will tingle” is an idiom that means everyone will be shocked by what they hear. Alternate translation: “it will shock everyone who hears of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 19 3 w8jh 0 will tingle This could mean: (1) “will ring” or (2) “will quiver.”
JER 19 4 i11f 0 they have abandoned me Here the word “they” refers to the people of Judah.
JER 19 4 h6hz figs-metonymy 0 filled this place with innocent blood Here “innocent blood” represents the murder of innocent people. Yahweh speaks of murdering many people as filling a place with blood. Alternate translation: “murdered many innocent people in this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 19 5 hi1p figs-metonymy 0 nor did it enter my mind Here the word “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). Alternate translation: “nor did I ever think about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 19 6 h15q 0 see “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 19 6 h15q 0 see Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 19 6 r6da figs-activepassive 0 this place will no longer be called This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will no longer call this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 19 6 n996 0 Topheth … the Valley of Ben Hinnom … the Valley of Slaughter See how you translated the names of these places in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md).
JER 19 7 mk3z figs-idiom 0 I will make them to fall by the sword before their enemies The idiom “to fall by the sword” means to die in battle. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will enable their enemies to kill them with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 19 7 l3wj 0 I will make them The word “them” refers to the people of Judah and Jerusalem.
JER 19 7 hl7t figs-ellipsis 0 by the hand of the ones seeking their lives The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The idiom “fall … by the hand of” means to be killed by someone, with the word “hand” representing the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will enable those who want to kill them to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 19 8 qfw1 figs-abstractnouns 0 the object of hissing The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people hiss” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 19 9 x4ye 0 I will make them eat “I will make the people who live in Jerusalem eat”
JER 19 9 gu5g 0 in the siege “because of the siege”
JER 19 9 x4ye 0 I will make them eat Alternate translation: “I will make the people who live in Jerusalem eat”
JER 19 9 gu5g 0 in the siege Alternate translation: “because of the siege”
JER 19 9 jy23 figs-activepassive 0 and in the anguish brought on them by their enemies and the ones seeking their lives This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because their enemies and those who are seeking their lives have brought anguish upon them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 19 10 ck5z figs-abstractnouns 0 in the sight of the men who went with you The abstract noun “sight” can be expressed with the verb “watching.” Alternate translation: “while the men who went with you are watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 19 11 vi9r 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
@ -1422,7 +1422,7 @@ JER 19 11 uis2 figs-activepassive 0 it could not be repaired again This can be
JER 19 13 l6aa figs-ellipsis 0 of the kings of Judah The words “the houses” may be supplied here. Alternate translation: “the houses of the kings of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 19 13 u9v5 figs-metaphor 0 the unclean people People who are not acceptable for God’s purposes are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 19 15 ut7s 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 19 15 d4pr 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 19 15 d4pr 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 19 15 rv5y figs-parallelism 0 stiffened their neck and refused to listen These two phrases both speak of the people being stubborn. In the first phrase, Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had made their necks stiff. Alternate translation: “stubbornly refused to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 20 intro apn5 0 # Jeremiah 20 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 20:7-18.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pashhur<br>This chapter prophesied punishment against a specific leader named Pashhur. He was in charge of protecting the temple and had Jeremiah beaten and arrested. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>### Jeremiah’s reaction<br>Jeremiah’s reaction contrasts with the reaction of the Jews in general. Although Jeremiah was not happy with Yahweh’s actions, he still trusted in Yahweh. On the other hand, the Jews were not happy with the prophecies Yahweh gave to Jeremiah, so they beat the prophet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
JER 20 1 l4ka writing-poetry 0 General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -1477,34 +1477,34 @@ JER 21 intro d7pt 0 # Jeremiah 21 General Notes<br>## Structure and formattin
JER 21 1 tf6j figs-idiom 0 The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke a message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 21 1 ur9x 0 Pashhur This is not the same Pashhur that was mentioned in [Jeremiah 20:1](../20/01.md).
JER 21 1 ad5j translate-names 0 Pashhur … Malkijah … Maaseiah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 21 1 zpe3 0 and they said “Pashhur and Zephaniah said to Jeremiah”
JER 21 1 zpe3 0 and they said Alternate translation: “Pashhur and Zephaniah said to Jeremiah”
JER 21 2 q4d4 0 Seek advice from Yahweh on our behalf … making war on us This was a polite, but urgent request. Alternate translation: “Please speak to Yahweh for us … attacking us”
JER 21 2 z5nz 0 as in times past “as he did in the past”
JER 21 2 s62n 0 will make him withdraw from us “will make him go away”
JER 21 2 z5nz 0 as in times past Alternate translation: “as he did in the past”
JER 21 2 s62n 0 will make him withdraw from us Alternate translation: “will make him go away”
JER 21 4 leg9 0 See This tells the hearer to pay special attention to what follows.
JER 21 4 ax9r 0 turn back This could mean: (1) to make useless or (2) to send back into the city.
JER 21 4 rb48 figs-metonymy 0 the instruments of war that are in your hand This could mean: (1) the instruments of war refers to the soldiers who carry them and “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the soldiers that you command” or (2) the instruments of war are literal weapons and “your hand” represent both the king and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “the weapons that you and your soldiers carry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 21 4 a79u 0 Chaldeans This term here is another name for the Babylonians.
JER 21 4 xk9a 0 closing you in “coming close to you”
JER 21 4 xk9a 0 closing you in Alternate translation: “coming close to you”
JER 21 4 cju6 0 I will gather them This could mean: (1) Yahweh will allow the Babylonians to enter the city or (2) Yahweh will cause the Israelites to bring their weapons back into the center of the city.
JER 21 5 hc2w figs-rpronouns 0 Then I myself This is emphatic and stresses that Yahweh is the one who will do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER 21 5 jrm2 figs-idiom 0 with a raised hand and a strong arm Both of these phrases are idiomatic expressions that refer to great power. Alternate translation: “with very great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 21 5 f3ic figs-doublet 0 with wrath, fury, and great anger These words all mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the great intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: “with extremely great anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 21 6 c5rg 0 inhabitants of this city “those who live in Jerusalem”
JER 21 6 c5rg 0 inhabitants of this city Alternate translation: “those who live in Jerusalem”
JER 21 7 k4qv figs-metonymy 0 the sword Here this refers to the battle in which swords are used. Alternate translation: “the war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 21 7 ziv3 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand Here “hand” refers to the power of their enemies over them. Alternate translation: “into the power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 21 7 vgu8 figs-parallelism 0 Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon … their enemies … those seeking their life All of these phrases refer to Nebuchadnezzar and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 21 7 z1zk 0 seeking their life “wanting to kill them”
JER 21 7 z1zk 0 seeking their life Alternate translation: “wanting to kill them”
JER 21 7 equ4 figs-metonymy 0 with the edge of the sword This could mean: (1) this is a metonym for death in battle. Alternate translation: “in battle” or (2) they will be killed by literal swords. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 21 7 j95p figs-doublet 0 He will not pity them, spare them, or have compassion These three phrases have the same meaning and emphasize that Nebuchadnezzar will deal severely with them. Alternate translation: “He will not show them any mercy or compassion at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 21 8 uz34 0 this people “the people of Jerusalem”
JER 21 8 uz34 0 this people Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem”
JER 21 8 k2vf 0 I am about to place before you the way of life and the way of death Yahweh is offering the people of Jerusalem a choice that will determine whether they live or die.
JER 21 9 uw2k figs-metonymy 0 by the sword, famine, and plague Death by the sword refers to death in battle. Alternate translation: “in battle and by famine and plague” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 21 9 fn95 translate-symaction 0 falling on his knees before This symbolic act represents surrender. Alternate translation: “surrendering to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 21 9 g472 0 closed in against you “attacked you from all sides”
JER 21 9 g472 0 closed in against you Alternate translation: “attacked you from all sides”
JER 21 9 as7l 0 He will escape with his life The one who surrenders to the Babylonians will escape with his life, even though he will lose all his possessions.
JER 21 10 s4dv figs-idiom 0 I have set my face against this city This idiom means he “firmly decided.” Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind to oppose this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 21 10 e61c 0 have set my face against “am staring angrily at”
JER 21 10 e61c 0 have set my face against Alternate translation: “am staring angrily at”
JER 21 10 wwu1 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 21 10 jk2w figs-activepassive 0 It has been given This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have given it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 21 10 sef1 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of the king Here “hand” represents the power of the king to destroy the city. Alternate translation: “into the power of the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1517,18 +1517,18 @@ JER 21 12 bpj8 figs-metaphor 0 my fury will go out like fire and burn Here Yahw
JER 21 12 ph8p figs-metaphor 0 there is no one who can quench it Jeremiah continues the simile of Yahweh’s punishment as a fire that was so hot that no one could put it out with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 21 13 a8zt 0 See This alerts whoever is hearing to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention”
JER 21 13 qie5 0 inhabitant of the valley This could mean: (1) this may refer to Jerusalem, which was located above a valley, because “inhabitant” is singular and feminine, as is Jerusalem or (2) this is directed to another city or group of people. Most versions leave the original form rather than specifying the city.
JER 21 13 h96i 0 I am against “I oppose” or “I am going to punish”
JER 21 13 h96i 0 I am against Alternate translation: “I oppose” or “I am going to punish”
JER 21 13 dxt4 figs-rquestion 0 Who will come down to attack us?…Who will enter our houses? These questions are used to state their confidence that they can resist attack. Alternate translation: “No one will attack us!…No one will enter our houses!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 21 14 uf3g figs-metaphor 0 I have assigned the fruit of your practices to come against you The result of their evil deeds is spoken of as fruit which grew from those practices. Alternate translation: “I will punish you as you deserve because of the things you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 21 14 nf8v figs-metaphor 0 in the thickets This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor for the columns of wood that supported the palace or (2) these are literal patches of brush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 22 intro in1u 0 # Jeremiah 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 22:6-10, 13-28, 28-30.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Luxury and oppression<br><br>Because the king lived in luxury and oppressed the poor, God was sending him and his mother into captivity unless he repented. The king lacked justice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
JER 22 1 z5bz 0 the house of the king of Judah “the palace of the king of Judah.” The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace where the king lived.
JER 22 1 qfg5 0 proclaim this word “proclaim this message”
JER 22 1 qfg5 0 proclaim this word Alternate translation: “proclaim this message”
JER 22 2 qj9k figs-explicit 0 your people who come through these gates These gates are the gates of the king’s palace. Alternate translation: “your people who come to visit the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 22 3 qb4x figs-abstractnouns 0 Perform justice and righteousness The abstract nouns “justice” and “righteousness can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “Act fairly and justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 22 3 m8e5 0 anyone who has been robbed—rescue him from the hand of the oppressor “rescue anyone who has been robbed from the hand of the oppressor”
JER 22 3 m8e5 0 anyone who has been robbed—rescue him from the hand of the oppressor Alternate translation: “rescue anyone who has been robbed from the hand of the oppressor”
JER 22 3 y9er figs-metonymy 0 the hand of the oppressor Here “the hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “the power of the oppressor” or “the one who would harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 22 3 m38q 0 Do not mistreat “Do not treat badly”
JER 22 3 m38q 0 Do not mistreat Alternate translation: “Do not treat badly”
JER 22 3 z2z9 0 orphan a child who does not have parents
JER 22 3 b6c5 figs-idiom 0 Do not … pour out innocent blood Here “pour out … blood” is associated with murder, and “blood” refers to the murdered people. Alternate translation: “Do not … murder innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 22 3 t9h8 0 in this place This could mean: (1) Jerusalem or (2) the whole country of Judah. This does not imply that it is good to murder people in other places.
@ -1536,12 +1536,12 @@ JER 22 4 f37x figs-metonymy 0 kings sitting on David’s throne The metonym “
JER 22 4 vfy3 0 the gates of this house This refers to the gates to the courtyard of the palace.
JER 22 4 l5m1 figs-metonymy 0 riding in a chariot and on horses This phrase is a metonym that describes the kings as powerful and wealthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 22 4 rx2m figs-ellipsis 0 he, his servants, and his people This sentence lists all who will be powerful and wealthy. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “he, his servants, and his people will ride into the palace on chariots and horses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 22 5 zef9 0 if you do not listen to “if you refuse to pay attention to” or “if you do not obey”
JER 22 5 zef9 0 if you do not listen to Alternate translation: “if you refuse to pay attention to” or “if you do not obey”
JER 22 5 w37m 0 this royal house This phrase here appears to refer specifically to the royal palace.
JER 22 6 hfy3 figs-metonymy 0 the house of the king of Judah This could mean: (1) this refers to the royal palace where the king lived or (2) “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, who were the royal line of the kings of Judah. Alternate translation: “the royal dynasty of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 22 6 v879 figs-simile 0 You are like Gilead, or like the summit of Lebanon This could mean: (1) “You are as beautiful as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon” or (2) “You give me as much pleasure as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 22 6 ahd6 figs-metaphor 0 turn you into a wilderness What was formerly beautiful is said to become bare and deserted. Alternate translation: “cause you to become empty like the desert” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 22 7 wcw6 0 I have designated destroyers to come against you “I have chosen an army to attack you”
JER 22 7 wcw6 0 I have designated destroyers to come against you Alternate translation: “I have chosen an army to attack you”
JER 22 7 d1mn figs-metaphor 0 the best of your cedars This could mean: (1) the beams of the palace or (2) the leading men of the royal family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 22 7 wb7h figs-metaphor 0 fall into the fire This could mean: (1) a literal fire that will burn the palace beams or (2) the destruction of the royal family is spoken of as if they were burned in a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 22 8 t15z figs-synecdoche 0 Then many nations will pass by this city Here “nations” refers to the people from those nations that pass by. Alternate translation: “Then many people from various nations will pass by this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -1549,9 +1549,9 @@ JER 22 9 a4v3 figs-doublet 0 bowed down to other gods and worshiped them These
JER 22 10 mwb9 0 General Information: Yahweh has shifted from addressing the King of Judah and is now speaking to a general audience.
JER 22 10 n3gc 0 the one who is dead This is singular, and refers to King Josiah who had been killed.
JER 22 10 nz1s 0 him who is about to go away This refers to King Jehoahaz who was taken into exile in Egypt.
JER 22 10 mc5c 0 never return and see his native land “never come back and see the land of Israel again” or “never see his homeland again”
JER 22 10 mc5c 0 never return and see his native land Alternate translation: “never come back and see the land of Israel again” or “never see his homeland again”
JER 22 11 gm4b translate-names 0 Jehoahaz The name in Hebrew is “Shallum,” but he is better known as Jehoahaz. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 22 11 rw5q 0 who served as king instead of Josiah his father “who became king when his father, Josiah, died”
JER 22 11 rw5q 0 who served as king instead of Josiah his father Alternate translation: “who became king when his father, Josiah, died”
JER 22 13 qz4r 0 him who builds … his upper rooms … who makes … for him … he does not give The words “him” and “his” and “who” and “he” refer to King Jehoahaz (verse 11).
JER 22 13 qb7j figs-doublet 0 builds his house by unrighteousness, his upper rooms by injustice The abstract nouns “unrighteousness” and “injustice” have similar meanings, are repeated for emphasis, and can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “unjustly forced men to build his house and his upper rooms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 22 13 rzx8 figs-metonymy 0 his house The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jehoahaz (verse 11) and his family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1561,31 +1561,31 @@ JER 22 14 ub8w 0 a large house with spacious upper rooms … large windows …
JER 22 15 ag7u figs-rquestion 0 Is this what makes you a good king, that you wanted to have boards of cedar? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to rebuke Jehoiakim for his expensive palace. Alternate translation: “Having a cedar palace does not make you a good king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 22 15 b88r figs-rquestion 0 Did not your father also eat and drink, yet do … righteousness? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Jehoiakim about the example of his father, King Josiah. Alternate translation: “Your father King Josiah enjoyed his life, yet did … righteousness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 22 15 y86v figs-doublet 0 do justice and righteousness These abstract nouns have similar meanings, are repeated for emphasis and can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “act justly and fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 22 16 nkx5 0 It was good then “Things went well for him”
JER 22 16 nkx5 0 It was good then Alternate translation: “Things went well for him”
JER 22 16 y4lk figs-rquestion 0 Is this not what it means to know me? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to rebuke Jehoiakim for not following the example of his father, King Josiah. Alternate translation: “This is what it means to know me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 22 16 rd6y figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 22 17 tab3 figs-metonymy 0 there is nothing in your eyes and heart except worry … crushing of others Here “eyes” is a metonym for seeing and “heart” is a metonym for thinking. Alternate translation: “you never look for or think about anything except … crushing of others” or “you only look for and think about ways to cheat others and pour out innocent blood, and to oppress and crush others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 22 17 u23t 0 unjust profit This is getting money by cheating or by using unfair means.
JER 22 17 idh3 figs-idiom 0 pouring out innocent blood Here “pouring out … blood” is associated with murder, and “blood” refers to the murdered people. Alternate translation: “murdering innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 22 17 l1rn 0 crushing of others “doing violence to others in order to get money”
JER 22 17 l1rn 0 crushing of others Alternate translation: “doing violence to others in order to get money”
JER 22 18 h7h1 figs-ellipsis 0 They will not lament for him In verse 18, Yahweh stops speaking directly to Jehoiakim and begins to speak to other people. Here “lament” refers to grieving at Jehoiakim’s death. Alternate translation: “They will not lament for Jehoiakim when he dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 22 18 n6j5 figs-parallelism 0 Woe, my brother!…Woe, my sister!…Woe, master!…Woe, majesty! Yahweh uses the word “Woe” several times for emphasis. He addresses the various people who would normally show great sadness when someone dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 22 19 s435 figs-metaphor 0 He will be buried with a donkey’s burial, dragged away and thrown out The burial of Jehoiakim is spoken of as being the same as the manner in which people would bury a donkey. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They will bury his dead body the way they would bury a dead donkey; they will drag it away and throw it out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 22 20 ggs2 0 General Information: It appears that Yahweh is here speaking to the people of Jerusalem, telling them that they will be destroyed.
JER 22 20 gv51 figs-idiom 0 Lift your voice This idiom refers to shouting. In this case, they are crying out in grief. Alternate translation: “Cry out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 22 20 ptb6 translate-names 0 Abarim mountains a mountain range that was southeast of Jerusalem (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 22 21 t5yr 0 I spoke to you when you were safe “I spoke to you when you were doing well”
JER 22 21 fs7b 0 This was your custom “This was your way of life”
JER 22 21 t5yr 0 I spoke to you when you were safe Alternate translation: “I spoke to you when you were doing well”
JER 22 21 fs7b 0 This was your custom Alternate translation: “This was your way of life”
JER 22 21 n4fz figs-metonymy 0 you have not listened to my voice Listening is a metonym for obeying. Alternate translation: “you have not obeyed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 22 22 l2p1 figs-metaphor 0 The wind will shepherd away all your shepherds This is a wordplay—Yahweh uses the idea of “shepherd” in two different ways. Here “shepherds” is a metaphor for the leaders of Jerusalem, and the wind “leads” them away. The wind represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will take your leaders away as if the wind had blown them away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 22 22 m6ua 0 go into captivity “become captives” or “go into exile”
JER 22 22 m6ua 0 go into captivity Alternate translation: “become captives” or “go into exile”
JER 22 23 i6fc figs-metaphor 0 You who live in ‘Lebanon,’ who is nestled in cedar buildings Yahweh speaks of the royal palace as “Lebanon” and “cedar buildings” because it was constructed with a lot of cedar. Alternate translation: “You who live in a palace made from the cedars of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 22 23 n9dg figs-you 0 You who live This “You” is singular and refers to the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 22 23 x4j2 figs-activepassive 0 how you will be pitied The meaning of the Hebrew is not clear. This can be stated in active form. This could mean: (1) “they will greatly pity you” or (2) “you will groan greatly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 22 23 vfv9 figs-simile 0 when the labor pains come upon you, pain like that of a woman in labor The pain that the king will feel when his enemies defeat him will be as intense as the pain a woman feels in childbirth. Alternate translation: “when you experience pain as intense as the pain of a woman in childbirth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 22 24 lcv6 figs-hypo 0 even if you … were the signet on my right hand Yahweh speaks to Jehoiachin as if it were possible for him to be the ring on Yahweh’s hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER 22 24 fu3p figs-metonymy 0 the signet on my right hand A signet ring was used by a king to place his seal of authority on documents. The signet ring therefore represents authority to rule. The right hand also represents authority to rule. Alternate translation: “the signet ring on my right hand that represented my authority to be king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 22 24 dv7c 0 I would tear you off “I would tear you off from my hand” or “I would quickly pull you off of my hand”
JER 22 24 dv7c 0 I would tear you off Alternate translation: “I would tear you off from my hand” or “I would quickly pull you off of my hand”
JER 22 25 s6ia figs-activepassive 0 I have given you to the hand of the ones seeking your life This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have made it possible for the ones seeking your life to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 22 25 h93i figs-metonymy 0 to the hand of Here the metonym “hand” represents power and control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 22 25 sr7r figs-metaphor 0 seeking your life This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. See how this phrase is translated in [Jeremiah 11:21](../11/21.md). Alternate translation: “trying to kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1604,9 +1604,9 @@ JER 23 2 hus7 figs-doublet 0 You have scattered my flock and have driven them a
JER 23 3 rk1f figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about the people of Israel as if they were his sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were his shepherds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 23 3 n6wn figs-metaphor 0 to a grazing place Yahweh refers to the land of Israel as if it were good pasture for his people. This good pasture is a metonym for provision for their needs. Alternate translation: “to good pasture” or “to where all their needs will be supplied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 3 k44c figs-doublet 0 they will be fruitful and increase The word “increase” explains how they will be “fruitful.” Alternate translation: “they will increase greatly in number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 23 4 ybw9 0 I will raise up “I will appoint”
JER 23 4 ybw9 0 I will raise up Alternate translation: “I will appoint”
JER 23 4 t983 figs-doublet 0 they will no longer fear or be shattered The words “be shattered” mean that someone has caused them to be afraid and mean basically the same thing as “fear.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will make them afraid anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 23 4 n8p6 0 None of them “None of my people”
JER 23 4 n8p6 0 None of them Alternate translation: “None of my people”
JER 23 4 ku28 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 23 5 xn4x 0 See This word alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
JER 23 5 wru3 figs-idiom 0 I will raise up This idiom means he will appoint a successor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1650,17 +1650,17 @@ JER 23 14 cc8r figs-simile 0 All of them have become like Sodom … like Gomorr
JER 23 15 t5fw 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 23 15 cv5x 0 Look The word “look” here alerts the reader to pay attention to the important information that follows.
JER 23 15 ug5g figs-metaphor 0 I am about to make them eat wormwood and drink poisonous water Wormwood is a plant that is very bitter and unpleasant to eat. This phrase describes the punishment that Yahweh was going to bring about on the evil prophets. In the same way wormwood was bitter and the water was poisonous, so would Yaweh’s judgment be on the evil prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 23 15 wjd4 0 I am about to “I will soon”
JER 23 15 wjd4 0 I am about to Alternate translation: “I will soon”
JER 23 15 zxk6 figs-metaphor 0 pollution has gone out from the prophets Here the evil teaching of the priests and false prophets is spoken of as if it were something filthy that ruined the land. Alternate translation: “evil has come from the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 23 15 fxa4 0 pollution dirty and unsafe things that spoil the air, water, or land where they are found
JER 23 16 z212 0 Connecting Statement: Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
JER 23 16 u2nu 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 23 16 yu7d 0 They have deluded you! “The prophets have caused you to believe something that is not true!”
JER 23 16 yu7d 0 They have deluded you! Alternate translation: “The prophets have caused you to believe something that is not true!”
JER 23 16 qzm5 figs-metonymy 0 visions from their own minds Here “minds” refers to the thoughts of the false prophets. Alternate translation: “visions that they imagined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 16 nij1 figs-metonymy 0 not from Yahweh’s mouth Here “mouth” refers to what Yahweh said. Alternate translation: “not what Yahweh said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 17 e3yb figs-hyperbole 0 They are constantly saying The word “constantly” is an exaggeration to emphasize that this is what they normally say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 23 17 kg1k figs-metaphor 0 everyone walking in the stubbornness of his own heart says Here “heart” refers to their desires. To follow those desires is spoken of as walking in them. Alternate translation: “everyone stubbornly does whatever they desire to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 17 ww1a 0 Disaster will not come upon you “Nothing bad will happen to you”
JER 23 17 ww1a 0 Disaster will not come upon you Alternate translation: “Nothing bad will happen to you”
JER 23 18 rtl1 figs-rquestion 0 Yet who has stood in Yahweh’s council meeting? Who sees and hears his word? Who pays attention to his word and listens? These questions are used to rebuke the priests and false prophets for not obeying Yahweh. Alternate translation: “No one advises Yahweh. No one understands what Yahweh says. No one obeys Yahweh’s commands.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 23 18 crs3 0 pays attention to his word and listens These two phrases mean the same thing. They can be combined in one phrase. Alternate translation: “obeys his word at all”
JER 23 19 sv8q 0 Connecting Statement: Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
@ -1669,7 +1669,7 @@ JER 23 19 gsy3 0 a tempest a violent windstorm
JER 23 19 w4qs figs-metaphor 0 It is whirling around the heads of the wicked Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if it were a windstorm whirling around the wicked. Alternate translation: “It is coming upon the wicked like a windstorm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 23 20 n8pg figs-personification 0 Yahweh’s wrath will not return until it Yahweh’s wrath is spoken of as if it were alive and could act on its own. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not stop being angry until he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 23 20 p9sd figs-metonymy 0 carried out and brought into being his heart’s intentions Here “heart’s intentions” refers to the things that Yahweh wanted to happen. Alternate translation: “completed and accomplished all the punishment that he had planned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 20 b1p2 0 the final days “the future”
JER 23 20 b1p2 0 the final days Alternate translation: “the future”
JER 23 21 duz4 0 General Information: Yahweh is the speaker in verses 21-40.
JER 23 21 e2zq 0 Connecting Statement: Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
JER 23 21 jy71 figs-explicit 0 they have still prophesied It is understood that they are prophesying falsely. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “they have prophesied falsely anyway” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1692,7 +1692,7 @@ JER 23 27 ph7r figs-metonymy 0 in favor of Baal’s name Here “Baal’s name
JER 23 28 uu8f 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
JER 23 28 nf21 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 23 29 cmi2 figs-rquestion 0 Is not my word like fire?…and like a hammer that shatters a rock into pieces? Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that his word is much more powerful than the words of mere men. In that way, his word is like fire or a hammer. Alternate translation: “My word is powerful like fire … and powerful like a hammer that shatters a rock into pieces.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 23 30 s9jd 0 I am against “I am opposed to”
JER 23 30 s9jd 0 I am against Alternate translation: “I am opposed to”
JER 23 30 za3e 0 steals words from another person This implies that the false prophets are thieves. They are so evil that they take each other’s messages without permission rather than make up their own false messages.
JER 23 31 fj9k 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
JER 23 31 eh6r 0 See This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention”
@ -1738,23 +1738,23 @@ JER 24 6 i7sm figs-parallelism 0 I will build them up, and not tear them down.
JER 24 6 pp2q figs-metaphor 0 I will build them up, and not tear them down Yahweh speak of the exiles as a building which Yahweh will build and not tear down. Alternate translation: “I will help them flourish in the land, and not ruin them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 24 6 whb1 figs-metaphor 0 I will plant them, and not uproot them Yahweh speak of the exiles as plants which Yahweh will plant in good soil and not pull out. Alternate translation: “I will establish them in the land, and not remove them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 24 9 hi95 figs-doublet 0 I will turn them into a frightening thing, a disaster … a disgrace and a subject for proverbs, taunts, and curses These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how thoroughly Yahweh will judge the people of Jerusalem. They will become something that will frighten other people when they see it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 24 10 f8lu 0 I will send out sword, famine, and plague against them “I will kill them with war, famine and sicknesses”
JER 24 10 f8lu 0 I will send out sword, famine, and plague against them Alternate translation: “I will kill them with war, famine and sicknesses”
JER 24 10 j4rn figs-metonymy 0 I will send out sword Here “sword” refers to war or enemy armies. Alternate translation: “I will send enemy armies” or “I will send out war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 24 10 k2as figs-personification 0 sword, famine, and plague These things are spoken of as if they were living things that could attack the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 24 10 l4fs 0 they are destroyed from the land “none of them remain in the land”
JER 24 10 l4fs 0 they are destroyed from the land Alternate translation: “none of them remain in the land”
JER 25 intro uf7k 0 # Jeremiah 25 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 25:30-38.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Seventy years<br><br>Babylon will rule over Judah for seventy years. Because Yahweh is just, he will soon punish Babylon for their evil actions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br><br>Jeremiah uses the idiom of drinking the cup of wine of God’s punishment to say that Babylon will destroy all the surrounding nations and then be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 25 1 jgw9 figs-idiom 0 This is the word that came to Jeremiah It is implied that the word that came to Jeremiah was from Yahweh. This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 25 1 a9rv translate-ordinal 0 the fourth … the first (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 25 3 q39g translate-names 0 Amon This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 25 5 nw93 figs-metaphor 0 Let each man turn from his wicked way and the corruption of his practices Jeremiah speaks of people who stop committing an action as if those people were turning away from that action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 5 xe34 figs-doublet 0 his wicked way and the corruption of his practices The terms “wicked way” and “corruption of his practices” mean the same thing and refer to every sinful thing that they do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 25 5 jc1p 0 the corruption of his practices “his corrupt practices”
JER 25 5 jc1p 0 the corruption of his practices Alternate translation: “his corrupt practices”
JER 25 6 yxs7 figs-metaphor 0 do not walk after other gods Jeremiah speaks of a person being devoted to a god as if the person were walking behind the god. Alternate translation: “do not become devoted to other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 6 cgg6 figs-explicit 0 do not provoke him with the work of your hands The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Here, the phrase **the work of your hands** could mean: (1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh with the idols that you have made” or (2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh by the things that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 25 7 fz11 figs-explicit 0 you have provoked me with the work of your hands to do harm to you See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:6](../25/06.md). Here, the phrase **the work of your hands** could mean: (1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the idols that you have made with your hands” or (2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the things that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 25 7 t2s6 0 to do harm to you “so that I do harm to you”
JER 25 7 t2s6 0 to do harm to you Alternate translation: “so that I do harm to you”
JER 25 8 i8m8 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 25 9 rd1n 0 see “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
JER 25 9 rd1n 0 see Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
JER 25 9 kxv7 figs-idiom 0 bring them against this land The idiom to “bring … against this land” means that they will attack the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “bring them to attack this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 25 9 h39v figs-idiom 0 I will set them apart for destruction The idiom “set … apart for destruction” means to destroy something completely. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 25 9 h2cj figs-abstractnouns 0 I will turn them into a horror The word “horror” may be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I will turn them into something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -1762,7 +1762,7 @@ JER 25 9 e1u4 0 an object for hissing The word “hissing” refers to a sound
JER 25 10 nzy3 0 millstones These are two large, round stones used to grind grain.
JER 25 10 n68f 0 the sound of joy and sound of gladness, the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:34](../07/34.md).
JER 25 11 zyt1 figs-abstractnouns 0 all of this land will become a desolation and a horror The words “desolation” and “horror” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I will cause this land to be desolate and something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 25 12 m9ye 0 when seventy years have been completed “after seventy years” or “after seventy years have passed”
JER 25 12 m9ye 0 when seventy years have been completed Alternate translation: “after seventy years” or “after seventy years have passed”
JER 25 12 pua7 figs-abstractnouns 0 an unending desolation The noun “desolation” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “desolate forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 25 13 dbu3 figs-activepassive 0 everything written in this book This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “everything that Jeremiah has written in this book” or “everything that one has written in this book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 25 14 tv7d figs-metaphor 0 I will repay them for their deeds and the works of their hands Yahweh speaks of punishing the people of the nations for what they have done as if he were paying them back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1784,7 +1784,7 @@ JER 25 22 q9z1 figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh
JER 25 22 e275 0 the sea This is a reference to the Mediterranean Sea.
JER 25 23 ufe5 translate-names 0 Dedan, Tema, and Buz These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 25 23 ak9u 0 all the ones who cut the hair on the sides of their heads This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “all the people who live on the edge of the wilderness.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 9:26](../09/26.md).
JER 25 23 dgh2 0 they also had to drink it “they also had to drink the wine from the cup”
JER 25 23 dgh2 0 they also had to drink it Alternate translation: “they also had to drink the wine from the cup”
JER 25 24 gv4u figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 25 dg7i translate-names 0 Zimri This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 25 26 kn4i figs-idiom 0 everyone with his brother This is an idiom that means every person, one after another. Alternate translation: “one after another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1803,7 +1803,7 @@ JER 25 31 fjq3 figs-idiom 0 to the ends of the earth This is an idiom that mean
JER 25 31 ytv7 figs-metonymy 0 on all flesh Here the word “flesh” represents humanity. Alternate translation: “on all mankind” or “on all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 25 31 luq6 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 25 32 gee1 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 25 32 vv51 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 25 32 vv51 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 25 32 zv4e figs-personification 0 disaster is going out from nation to nation Yahweh speaks of great disasters happening in each nation as if “disaster” were a person who goes from nation to nation. Alternate translation: “great disasters are going to happen in one nation after another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 25 32 dfh9 figs-metaphor 0 a great storm is beginning from the farthest parts of the earth Here, this metaphor could mean: (1) Yahweh speaks of Babylonian army and the destruction that it will cause as if it were a great storm or (2) Yahweh speaks of his great anger as if it were a great storm that causes much destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 33 nd4h figs-activepassive 0 those killed by Yahweh This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom Yahweh killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1825,19 +1825,19 @@ JER 26 intro m6jw 0 # Jeremiah 26 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in thi
JER 26 1 hc6c figs-idiom 0 this word came from Yahweh, saying This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 18:1](../18/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This message came from Yahweh. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 26 1 v8wh figs-explicit 0 this word came from Yahweh, saying It can be stated clearly who Yahweh gave this message to. Alternate translation: “this word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 26 2 f1ff figs-metaphor 0 cities of Judah The word “cities” is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “people from the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 26 2 aun6 0 Do not cut short any word! “Do not leave anything out from what I have told you!”
JER 26 2 aun6 0 Do not cut short any word! Alternate translation: “Do not leave anything out from what I have told you!”
JER 26 3 x43j figs-metaphor 0 each man will turn from his wicked ways Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “each man will stop his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 26 3 v13u 0 so I will relent concerning the disaster This is conditional destruction. If Judah repents, God will not destroy but heal them.
JER 26 3 ig56 0 the wickedness of their practices “the wicked way that they live” or “the wicked things that they do”
JER 26 3 ig56 0 the wickedness of their practices Alternate translation: “the wicked way that they live” or “the wicked things that they do”
JER 26 6 vka9 figs-simile 0 then I will make this house like Shiloh Yahweh had destroyed a place of worship at Shiloh, and he was threatening to destroy this place of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 26 6 qd3h figs-metonymy 0 I will turn this city into a curse What Yahweh would turn the city into is a metonym for what people would use the city for. Alternate translation: “I will make this city so that people will ask me to destroy others the way I have destroyed this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 26 6 w3q2 0 in the sight of all the nations on earth “so that all the nations on earth can see me do it”
JER 26 6 w3q2 0 in the sight of all the nations on earth Alternate translation: “so that all the nations on earth can see me do it”
JER 26 7 id3z 0 Yahweh’s house the temple
JER 26 8 zr32 0 all the people seized him and said, “You will certainly die! This could mean: (1) The people chose to believe the lie of false peace and did not want to be confronted with the truth, or (2) the people believed the other prophets proclaiming peace and saw Jeremiah as a false prophet who should be stoned for leading the people astray.
JER 26 9 sb1y figs-rquestion 0 Why have you prophesied … inhabitant? This rebuke can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have prophesied … inhabitant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 26 10 kp6h 0 the New Gate the name of the gate through which people went into the temple
JER 26 11 n24j 0 you heard with your own ears “you heard”
JER 26 12 m8sc 0 this house and this city “the people who worship in Yahweh’s temple and those who live in the city of Jerusalem”
JER 26 11 n24j 0 you heard with your own ears Alternate translation: “you heard”
JER 26 12 m8sc 0 this house and this city Alternate translation: “the people who worship in Yahweh’s temple and those who live in the city of Jerusalem”
JER 26 13 u7ib figs-doublet 0 your ways … your practices These two phrases mean almost the same thing. Alternate translation: “the things you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 26 13 u76z figs-synecdoche 0 listen to the voice of Yahweh The voice is a synecdoche for the person, and the same word can be translated “listen” or “obey.” Alternate translation: “obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 26 14 kr6k figs-doublet 0 Do to me what is good and right in your eyes The words “good” and “right” mean the same thing. The eye is a metonym for the person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “Do to me whatever you think is the right thing to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1855,9 +1855,9 @@ JER 26 19 vxq8 0 Did he not fear Yahweh and appease the face of Yahweh … the
JER 26 19 gxw9 figs-synecdoche 0 appease the face of Yahweh The face is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “cause Yahweh to be less angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 26 19 fc9w figs-rquestion 0 So will we do greater evil against our own lives? The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. The word “lives” is a metonym for the people. Alternate translation: “If we kill Jeremiah, we will do greater evil against our own lives.” or “We do not want to do worse things to ourselves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 26 20 vwh1 0 Connecting Statement: Jeremiah stops telling about his own life and begins telling about what happened to another prophet.
JER 26 20 lp4c 0 Meanwhile there was “While what I was just telling you about was happening, there was”
JER 26 20 lp4c 0 Meanwhile there was Alternate translation: “While what I was just telling you about was happening, there was”
JER 26 20 dij2 figs-metonymy 0 prophesied against this city and this land The words “city” and “land” are metonyms for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “prophesied that bad things would happen to the people who lived in this city and this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 26 21 m5dp 0 heard his word “heard what he said”
JER 26 21 m5dp 0 heard his word Alternate translation: “heard what he said”
JER 26 22 pux5 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of the story of Uriah.
JER 26 22 q88r translate-names 0 Elnathan … Akbor men’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 26 23 dgv1 0 corpse dead body
@ -1882,7 +1882,7 @@ JER 27 9 vwe7 0 soothsayers people who say what will happen in the future
JER 27 11 l1up figs-metaphor 0 the nation that places its neck under the yoke of the king Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal onto the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 27:8](../27/08.md). Alternate translation: “the nation whose people willingly becomes slaves of the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 27 11 hi97 0 the nation that places The nation here is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “the nation of people who place”
JER 27 11 w1tr 0 cultivate This means to prepare and use land to grow food crops
JER 27 11 eq6b 0 make their homes in it “make their homes in their own land”
JER 27 11 eq6b 0 make their homes in it Alternate translation: “make their homes in their own land”
JER 27 12 d48x 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak through Jeremiah to the king of Judah.
JER 27 12 s392 0 Place your necks under the yoke of the king of Babylon Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal onto the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. See how similar words were translated in [Jeremiah 27:8](../27/08.md).
JER 27 12 gls2 figs-you 0 Place your necks The word “your” refers to Zedekiah and the people of Judah and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@ -1890,7 +1890,7 @@ JER 27 13 dl31 figs-rquestion 0 Why will you die … king of Babylon? Jeremiah
JER 27 14 sgg7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak through Jeremiah to the king and people of Judah.
JER 27 14 dre5 0 Do not listen to the words Yahweh is warning the people about all the false prophets that he did not send and that are lying to them.
JER 27 15 xb8h figs-metonymy 0 they are prophesying deceit in my name The phrase “in my name” represents speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. Here these prophets claim that they received their message from Yahweh, but that had not. The abstract noun “deceit” can be translated as the verb “deceiving.” Alternate translation: “they say they are speaking for me when they prophesy, but they are deceiving you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 27 15 qnt1 0 I will drive you out “I will force you to leave your home country”
JER 27 15 qnt1 0 I will drive you out Alternate translation: “I will force you to leave your home country”
JER 27 16 uap6 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues to speak the words of Yahweh.
JER 27 16 cbz7 figs-activepassive 0 The objects belonging to Yahweh’s house are being returned from Babylon now! This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People are bringing back all the gold items that they took from Yahweh’s temple!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 27 17 sk8y figs-rquestion 0 Why should this city become a ruin? Yahweh uses a question to warn the people. Alternate translation: “You can keep this city from becoming a ruin if you do what Yahweh wants you to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -1917,26 +1917,26 @@ JER 28 2 aar4 figs-metaphor 0 I have broken the yoke imposed by the king of Bab
JER 28 3 ccb6 0 General Information: Hananiah continues to speak.
JER 28 4 p8wn 0 Jehoiachin The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
JER 28 4 g5wx figs-activepassive 0 who were sent This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom I sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 28 6 jm3q 0 May Yahweh confirm the words that you prophesied “May Yahweh prove you have prophesied truly”
JER 28 8 kgg7 0 The prophets who existed before me and you from long ago “The prophets who lived long ago before you and I”
JER 28 6 jm3q 0 May Yahweh confirm the words that you prophesied Alternate translation: “May Yahweh prove you have prophesied truly”
JER 28 8 kgg7 0 The prophets who existed before me and you from long ago Alternate translation: “The prophets who lived long ago before you and I”
JER 28 9 v7cm figs-activepassive 0 then it will be known that he is indeed a prophet sent out by Yahweh This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “then you will know that he is indeed a true prophet and that Yahweh has sent him out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 28 11 ski8 0 Just like this “Just as Hananiah has taken the yoke off Jeremiah’s neck”
JER 28 11 ski8 0 Just like this Alternate translation: “Just as Hananiah has taken the yoke off Jeremiah’s neck”
JER 28 11 aj19 figs-metaphor 0 I will break from off the neck of every nation the yoke imposed by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon Hananaiah speaks of the people being in slavery as if they were oxen on which the Babylonians had put yokes to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I will make it so all nations are no longer slaves of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” or “I will set every nation free from slavery to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 28 11 u45s figs-metonymy 0 every nation The word “nation” is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “the people of every nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 28 11 dg28 figs-activepassive 0 the yoke imposed by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the yoke that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has imposed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 28 11 ahp8 0 imposed put on people
JER 28 12 qez4 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 28 13 k1s2 0 You broke a yoke of wood, but I will make instead a yoke of iron “You broke a weak yoke, but I will replace it with a yoke that you cannot break”
JER 28 13 k1s2 0 You broke a yoke of wood, but I will make instead a yoke of iron Alternate translation: “You broke a weak yoke, but I will replace it with a yoke that you cannot break”
JER 28 14 u3bq 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 28 14 y7rs figs-metaphor 0 I have placed a yoke of iron on the neck of all of these nations to serve Nebuchadnezzar Yahweh speaks of making nations to be slaves of Nebuchadnezzar as if he were putting yokes on oxen to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I have made all of these nations slaves, and they will have to serve Nebuchadnezzar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 28 16 mdf5 figs-123person 0 you proclaimed rebellion against Yahweh It is not clear why Yahweh speaks of himself by name. Alternate translation: “you urged people to rebel against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 28 17 gp9j translate-hebrewmonths 0 In the seventh month This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 29 intro l6ne 0 # Jeremiah 29 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Two letters<br><br>Jeremiah sent a letter to Babylon telling the exiles to prepare for a long stay. A false prophet in Babylon wrote back to the chief priest telling him to punish Jeremiah. Even though Jeremiah had prophesied the exile, the Jews still did not believe him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])
JER 29 1 j1gt 0 sent out from Jerusalem “proclaimed from Jerusalem”
JER 29 1 kv6v 0 remaining elders “elders who were still alive”
JER 29 1 j1gt 0 sent out from Jerusalem Alternate translation: “proclaimed from Jerusalem”
JER 29 1 kv6v 0 remaining elders Alternate translation: “elders who were still alive”
JER 29 2 ici1 0 Jehoiachin The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
JER 29 2 lph9 0 the queen mother the king’s mother
JER 29 2 dd2l 0 high officials “very important officials”
JER 29 2 dd2l 0 high officials Alternate translation: “very important officials”
JER 29 3 jx8m figs-synecdoche 0 by the hand of Elasah Jeremiah gave the scroll to Elasah so that Elasah could take it to Babylon. The reader should understand that Elasah probably put the scroll in a container to keep it safe as he traveled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 29 3 c79u translate-names 0 Elasah … Shapan … Gemariah … Hilkiah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 29 4 wj14 0 Yahweh of hosts, God of Israel, says this to all the captives When people wrote letters in that society, they would write their name first, then the name of the person to whom they were writing, and then the main part of the letter. Yahweh speaks of himself by name as if he were writing the letter himself.
@ -1957,8 +1957,8 @@ JER 29 12 y9js 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about what wil
JER 29 12 t5ie figs-metonymy 0 you will call to me Praying is spoken of as calling out with a loud voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 29 12 chj7 figs-explicit 0 I will listen to you This implies that Yahweh will give them what they want. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 29 13 t4q8 figs-metonymy 0 you will seek me Wanting to know what Yahweh requires is spoken of as trying to find where Yahweh is. Alternate translation: “you will want to do what I require you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 29 13 w17i 0 you will seek me with all your heart “you will be completely sincere when you seek me”
JER 29 14 wng6 0 I will bring back your fortunes “I will cause things to go well for you again” or “I will cause you to live well again”
JER 29 13 w17i 0 you will seek me with all your heart Alternate translation: “you will be completely sincere when you seek me”
JER 29 14 wng6 0 I will bring back your fortunes Alternate translation: “I will cause things to go well for you again” or “I will cause you to live well again”
JER 29 14 e84g figs-activepassive 0 I caused you to be exiled This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I sent you into exile” or “I sent you to be exiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 29 15 mq78 0 General Information: Jeremiah speaks to the captive Israelites.
JER 29 16 nxs3 figs-metonymy 0 the king who sits on the throne of David Sitting on the throne is a metonym for ruling as king. Alternate translation: “the king who rules the Israelites as David did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1973,9 +1973,9 @@ JER 29 19 xg4e figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of
JER 29 20 n6ah 0 So you yourselves listen Yahweh is now about to issue a command and wants them to pay attention. Alternate translation: “But as for you, listen carefully”
JER 29 21 hg4m translate-names 0 Kolaiah … Maaseiah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 29 21 li6x figs-metonymy 0 who prophesy falsely to you in my name Here “name” is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “liars who tell you that they are speaking my words to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 29 21 rtz1 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 29 21 rtz1 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 29 21 nlw5 figs-metonymy 0 I am about to put them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon Here “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “I will allow Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon to conquer them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 29 21 rp45 0 before your eyes “where you can see him do it”
JER 29 21 rp45 0 before your eyes Alternate translation: “where you can see him do it”
JER 29 22 bu5e figs-activepassive 0 a curse will be spoken about these persons by all the captives of Judah in Babylon This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the captives of Judah in Babylon will say a curse about these persons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 29 22 d1hq figs-euphemism 0 roasted This word usually refers to cooking food over an open fire or in a pan, not to burning completely. This could mean: (1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “burned to death” or (2) the king’s men attached them to poles over the fire close enough that the fire would slowly kill them but far enough away that it would not totally consume their bodies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER 29 23 siu5 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -2005,7 +2005,7 @@ JER 30 3 xt2s 0 I will restore the fortunes of my people, Israel and Judah “
JER 30 4 m5dx writing-poetry 0 General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 30 5 l2xq 0 We have heard This could mean: (1) that these are the words of Yahweh referring to himself as “we.” Alternate translation: “I have heard” or (2) that these are the words of the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “You people of Jerusalem say, ‘We have heard”
JER 30 5 mej1 0 a trembling voice of dread and not of peace This could mean: (1) “people cry out in dread because there is no peace” or (2) “you cry out in dread because there is no peace.”
JER 30 6 br85 0 Ask and see if a man bears a child “You know that no man has ever given birth to a child”
JER 30 6 br85 0 Ask and see if a man bears a child Alternate translation: “You know that no man has ever given birth to a child”
JER 30 6 t7ik figs-simile 0 Why do I see every young man with his hand on his loins like a woman bearing a child? Why have all their faces become pale? A woman about to give birth is in great pain and unable to do anything. The young men are so frightened that their bodies hurt, and they are unable to fight. Alternate translation: “The young men are holding their bellies like a woman giving birth; they all look sick because they are so afraid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 30 7 uva8 figs-metonymy 0 for Jacob, but he will be rescued from it The name Jacob is a metonym for the man’s descendants. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the descendants of Jacob, but I will rescue them from it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 30 8 es78 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the Israelites.
@ -2015,24 +2015,24 @@ JER 30 9 qp76 figs-metonymy 0 David their king This is a metonym for one of Dav
JER 30 10 j2kb 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
JER 30 10 ff1b figs-metonymy 0 my servant Jacob … Israel “Jacob” and “Israel” are the two names of the ancestor of the Israelites, and these names are metonyms for the Israelites. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob … you Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 30 10 ldb9 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 30 10 gri4 0 do not be dismayed “do not be discouraged”
JER 30 10 anv7 0 For see, I am “Listen carefully while I tell you why: I am”
JER 30 10 gri4 0 do not be dismayed Alternate translation: “do not be discouraged”
JER 30 10 anv7 0 For see, I am Alternate translation: “Listen carefully while I tell you why: I am”
JER 30 10 t49p figs-abstractnouns 0 from the land of captivity The abstract noun “captivity” can be translated using the noun “captive.” Alternate translation: “from the place where they were captives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 30 10 zir5 figs-metonymy 0 Jacob will return … he will be secure Jacob’s name is a metonym for his descendants. Yahweh speaks to Jacob as if he were speaking to another person. You may need to make explicit to where Jacob will return. Alternate translation: “Jacob will return to his own land … he will be secure” or “The descendants of Jacob will return … they will be secure” or “You descendants of Jacob will return … you will be secure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 30 10 f2gl 0 secure “safe”
JER 30 11 e618 0 where I have scattered you “where I have sent you”
JER 30 10 f2gl 0 secure Alternate translation: “safe”
JER 30 11 e618 0 where I have scattered you Alternate translation: “where I have sent you”
JER 30 11 zng1 figs-euphemism 0 But I will certainly not put an end to you “But I will not completely destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER 30 11 r6x7 figs-doublenegatives 0 will certainly not leave you unpunished This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “will certainly punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JER 30 12 mt3r 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
JER 30 12 fs7f figs-metaphor 0 Your injury is incurable; your wound is infected This means that Yahweh has punished them so severely that there is no one who can help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 30 13 k22x 0 There is no one to plead your case “There is no one who asks me to show you mercy”
JER 30 13 k22x 0 There is no one to plead your case Alternate translation: “There is no one who asks me to show you mercy”
JER 30 13 bxy1 figs-metaphor 0 no one to plead your case … no remedy for your wound Yahweh has punished them so severely that there is no one who can help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 30 14 xev8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
JER 30 14 v4ha figs-metaphor 0 All of your lovers Yahweh describes the people of Israel as an unfaithful wife who takes lovers other than her husband. Here “lovers” refers to other nations. The Israelites allied with them and worshiped their gods instead of relying on Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 30 14 a26m 0 They will not look for you “They no longer want to be your friends”
JER 30 14 a26m 0 They will not look for you Alternate translation: “They no longer want to be your friends”
JER 30 14 rir2 figs-metaphor 0 I have wounded you with the wound of an enemy Yahweh has treated his people like he would treat his enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 30 14 b768 figs-metaphor 0 the discipline of a cruel master Yahweh has treated his people like a cruel master would treat a rebellious slave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 30 14 m2nq 0 your innumerable sins “your sins, which are too many to count”
JER 30 14 m2nq 0 your innumerable sins Alternate translation: “your sins, which are too many to count”
JER 30 15 q12y figs-rquestion 0 Why do you call for help for your injury? Yahweh asks a question here to make the people think about why they are asking him for help now. Alternate translation: “You are calling for help for your injury because you have disobeyed me.” or “Do not call for help for your injury.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 30 16 d7ma figs-metaphor 0 So everyone who consumes you will be consumed Destroying the nation is spoken of as consuming or eating it. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So those who destroy you, their enemies will destroy them” or “So I will destroy everyone who destroys you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 30 16 a2ze 0 have plundered … plunder To plunder is to steal from peaceful people using violence, and plunder is what people steal.
@ -2042,12 +2042,12 @@ JER 30 17 wi66 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of
JER 30 17 bdr3 0 they called you: Outcast An outcast is a person whom other people do not accept or allow to associate with them. Alternate translation: “they called you: Rejected” or “they said, ‘Nobody wants you’”
JER 30 17 sg4l figs-metonymy 0 No one cares for this Zion The place name “Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in Zion. Alternate translation: “No one cares about the people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 30 18 n9h7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
JER 30 18 bcm3 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
JER 30 18 bcm3 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
JER 30 18 q3jx figs-metonymy 0 I am about to bring back the fortunes of Jacob’s tents and have compassion on his homes The places where people live are metonyms for the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “I am about bring back the fortunes of the descendants of Jacob, and I will have compassion on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 30 18 c7w1 0 I am about to bring back the fortunes of Jacob’s tents “I will cause things to go well for the people in Jacob’s tents again” or “I will cause the people in Jacob’s tents to live well again.” See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
JER 30 18 di2a figs-activepassive 0 Then a city will be built on the heap of ruins This can be translated in active form. You may need to make explicit that the city they will build will be Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Then they will rebuild Jerusalem on its ruins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 30 19 rrl4 0 Then a song of praise and a sound of merriment will go out from them “Then they will sing songs of praise and joy”
JER 30 19 hbg1 0 for I will increase them and not diminish them “I will cause them to increase in number, not to become fewer”
JER 30 19 rrl4 0 Then a song of praise and a sound of merriment will go out from them Alternate translation: “Then they will sing songs of praise and joy”
JER 30 19 hbg1 0 for I will increase them and not diminish them Alternate translation: “I will cause them to increase in number, not to become fewer”
JER 30 19 z7qu figs-activepassive 0 so they will not be humbled This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one will humble them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 30 20 u5tb 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
JER 30 20 tnn9 figs-activepassive 0 their assembly will be established before me This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will establish them as a people before me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2066,11 +2066,11 @@ JER 31 4 bv1q figs-activepassive 0 I will build you up again so you will be bui
JER 31 4 bt11 figs-personification 0 virgin Israel It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. However, “virgin” makes a person think about a young woman who has never married and so has never had the opportunity to be faithless to her husband. Therefore, calling Israel a virgin is an ironic use of language. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:13](../18/13.md). Alternate translation: “Israel, who falsely pretends to be fully devoted to me” or “my faithless people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER 31 4 v1aw translate-unknown 0 tambourines musical instruments with heads like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JER 31 7 n6rl figs-apostrophe 0 Shout … Shout … Let praise be heard … Say Yahweh is speaking in an apostrophe to all people of the world, so these verbs are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JER 31 7 g2zs 0 the chief people of the nations “the most important people group of all the nations” or “the people group that is more important than any other”
JER 31 7 g2zs 0 the chief people of the nations Alternate translation: “the most important people group of all the nations” or “the people group that is more important than any other”
JER 31 7 hu9h figs-activepassive 0 Let praise be heard This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Cause everyone to hear your praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 31 8 tg8t 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about how he will bring the Israelite people back from being captives in Babylon.
JER 31 8 y2x1 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 31 8 jg4x 0 to bring them “to bring the Israelite people”
JER 31 8 y2x1 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 31 8 jg4x 0 to bring them Alternate translation: “to bring the Israelite people”
JER 31 9 ai7p 0 I will lead them as they make their pleas Yahweh will lead them and they will be praying to Yahweh. Some ancient versions read, “Yahweh will lead them and will comfort them.”
JER 31 9 v75t figs-metaphor 0 I will be a father to Israel, and Ephraim will be my firstborn Here “Ephraim” is another name for “Israel.” Alternate translation: “I will be like a father to the people of Israel, and they will be like my firstborn child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 31 9 gg9d 0 my firstborn The firstborn had special honor and responsibility.
@ -2083,7 +2083,7 @@ JER 31 12 x6vs figs-metaphor 0 on the heights of Zion “on Zion, the high plac
JER 31 12 s2y2 figs-simile 0 like a watered garden This means they will be strong and healthy, and they will prosper. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 31 12 d4iw figs-hyperbole 0 they will never again feel any more sorrow The world “never” is a generalization. The Israelites will almost always feel joy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 31 13 f4jc 0 I will change their mourning into celebration The abstract nouns “mourning” and “celebration” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to mourn no longer but instead to celebrate” or “I will make it so they are no longer sad but happy”
JER 31 13 z18g 0 I will change “Yahweh will change”
JER 31 13 z18g 0 I will change Alternate translation: “Yahweh will change”
JER 31 14 v9rm figs-abstractnouns 0 I will saturate the lives of the priests in abundance The abstract noun “abundance” can be translated as “many good things.” The lives of the priests are spoken of as if they were a field that would become completely wet when much rain falls on it. Life is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “I will give the priests all the good things they would like” or “I will satisfy the priests with good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 31 14 yp3m figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 31 15 gfw6 figs-activepassive 0 A voice is heard in Ramah This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I hear a voice in Ramah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2112,22 +2112,22 @@ JER 31 23 glu1 figs-explicit 0 the people Here this refers to the people of Jud
JER 31 23 v46w figs-apostrophe 0 May Yahweh bless you, you righteous place where he lives, you holy mountain Jerusalem is on the top of a hill, and the temple was built at the highest point in Jerusalem. AT; “May Yahweh bless those who live in Jerusalem with Yahweh, where his temple is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 31 23 w9bz 0 you holy mountain Mount Zion, where the temple had stood
JER 31 24 w96e figs-metonymy 0 Judah and all its cities will live together there The name of the man Judah is a metonym for the land on which his descendants, the people of the tribe of Judah, live, and the cities of Judah are spoken of as if they were the family of the man Judah, all of them living “there,” in the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “it will be as if the land were a house in which Judah lived with his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 31 24 r4wa 0 as will farmers and those who set out with flocks “and farmers and those who set out with flocks will also live there”
JER 31 24 r4wa 0 as will farmers and those who set out with flocks Alternate translation: “and farmers and those who set out with flocks will also live there”
JER 31 24 ycz6 0 those who set out with flocks people who take care of sheep and goats
JER 31 26 fc1y 0 had been refreshing “had refreshed me”
JER 31 27 nmn8 0 Look “Pay attention” or “Listen”
JER 31 26 fc1y 0 had been refreshing Alternate translation: “had refreshed me”
JER 31 27 nmn8 0 Look Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen”
JER 31 27 hzy4 figs-metaphor 0 days are coming … when I will sow Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will sow” or “there will be a time … when I will sow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 31 27 u22q figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 31 27 h4zz figs-metonymy 0 I will sow the houses of Israel and Judah with the descendants of man and beast The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the people of Israel and the people of Judah. The house in turn is spoken of as if it were a field in which Yahweh would sow seed, and the people and the animals they raise for food, milk, and skins are spoken of as if they are that seed. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Israel and Judah to become many people with many animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 31 28 k8da 0 I kept them under surveillance in order to uproot them “looked for ways to uproot them”
JER 31 28 k8da 0 I kept them under surveillance in order to uproot them Alternate translation: “looked for ways to uproot them”
JER 31 28 i6nn 0 uproot … tear them down … overthrow … destroy See how you translated these ideas in [Jeremiah 1:9](../01/09.md).
JER 31 28 ha61 figs-metaphor 0 in order to build them up and to plant them Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a house or a food crop. Alternate translation: “in order to make them strong and many” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 31 29 h14f writing-proverbs 0 Fathers have eaten sour grapes, but the children’s teeth are dulled These words are a proverb that Jeremiah heard people say when they were complaining that Yahweh was punishing children for the sins of their fathers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
JER 31 29 cx2i 0 sour grapes This could mean: (1) grapes with too much acid in them or (2) grapes that are not ripe. If grapes are not part of your culture, you may want to use a general word for fruit.
JER 31 29 ic1b 0 teeth are dulled Use the common words in your language for how people’s mouths feel when they eat sour or unripe fruit.
JER 31 30 uyf9 0 For each man will die in his own iniquity “For each man will die because of his own sins”
JER 31 30 uyf9 0 For each man will die in his own iniquity Alternate translation: “For each man will die because of his own sins”
JER 31 30 pl7f writing-proverbs 0 everyone who eats sour grapes, his teeth will be dulled Jeremiah restates the proverb so that it now means people will suffer as a consequence of their own behaviors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
JER 31 31 tl76 0 Look “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am going to tell you”
JER 31 31 tl76 0 Look Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am going to tell you”
JER 31 31 kz1m figs-metaphor 0 days are coming … when I will establish Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will establish” or “there will be a time … when I will establish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 31 31 wtb3 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 31 31 d1xu figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2152,11 +2152,11 @@ JER 31 38 nd1w translate-names 0 Tower of Hananel … Corner Gate These are the
JER 31 39 pz74 translate-names 0 hill of Gareb … Goah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 31 40 bf2f figs-activepassive 0 The whole valley … will be set apart for Yahweh This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “They will set apart the whole valley … for me” or “I will have them make the whole valley … holy for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 31 40 z7hx translate-names 0 Kidron Valley … Horse Gate These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 31 40 j8yq 0 set apart “made holy”
JER 31 40 j8yq 0 set apart Alternate translation: “made holy”
JER 31 40 gu9q figs-metaphor 0 The city will not be pulled up or overthrown again The city is spoken of as if it were a plant that someone could pull out of the ground or a building that someone could break down. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not allow anyone to pull up or overthrow the city again” or “No one will tear the city down or destroy it again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 32 intro vcw6 0 # Jeremiah 32 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>The king should have listened to the prophet Jeremiah and repented of his sin. Instead, he objected to his message. Yahweh punished him because of this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>### Israel<br>The term “Israel” is used exclusively in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole in this chapter.
JER 32 1 xs6y figs-idiom 0 This is the word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:2](../01/02.md) Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 32 1 mul1 0 in the tenth year of Zedekiah king of Judah, the eighteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar “after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for more than nine years and Nebuchadnezzar had been king for more than seventeen years”
JER 32 1 mul1 0 in the tenth year of Zedekiah king of Judah, the eighteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar Alternate translation: “after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for more than nine years and Nebuchadnezzar had been king for more than seventeen years”
JER 32 2 nkx2 figs-activepassive 0 Jeremiah the prophet was imprisoned This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they were keeping Jeremiah as a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 32 2 fp96 figs-123person 0 Jeremiah the prophet was imprisoned It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 32 2 ke5d 0 the courtyard of the guard at the house of the king of Judah This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners.
@ -2179,9 +2179,9 @@ JER 32 8 t71a 0 the courtyard of the guard This was an open area attached to t
JER 32 9 f1zz translate-bmoney 0 seventeen shekels A shekel is 11 grams. Alternate translation: “17 shekels” or “187 grams” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JER 32 10 i97w 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues speaking.
JER 32 10 yj4l 0 in a scroll and sealed it, and had witnesses witness it This refers to the deed that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm that Jeremiah had purchased this land.
JER 32 10 mbq3 0 had witnesses witness it “had people watch me purchase the land so they could tell others that I had purchased the land”
JER 32 10 mbq3 0 had witnesses witness it Alternate translation: “had people watch me purchase the land so they could tell others that I had purchased the land”
JER 32 11 npr2 figs-activepassive 0 that was sealed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I sealed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 32 11 sh86 0 unsealed deed “opened copy” or “the deed that did not have a seal on it”
JER 32 11 sh86 0 unsealed deed Alternate translation: “opened copy” or “the deed that did not have a seal on it”
JER 32 12 ta8p translate-names 0 Baruch … Neriah … Mahseiah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 32 12 f3bq 0 the courtyard of the guard The open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER 32 13 fq7l 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues speaking.
@ -2198,12 +2198,12 @@ JER 32 19 z67p 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues praying the introduct
JER 32 19 zh7i figs-metonymy 0 for your eyes are open to all the ways of people Open eyes are a metonym for what the person sees. How a person lives is spoken of as if he were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “You see everything that people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 32 19 jhc8 figs-abstractnouns 0 to give to each man what his conduct and deeds deserve The abstract nouns “conduct” and “deeds,” which are similar in meaning, can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and will reward everyone according to how good or evil the things they do are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 32 20 ff83 0 You did signs and wonders in the land of Egypt This refers to an event in the past when God used his power to free the people of Israel from slavery in Egypt.
JER 32 20 txa5 0 To this present day “To this day”
JER 32 20 v54d 0 among all mankind “among all people”
JER 32 20 txa5 0 To this present day Alternate translation: “To this day”
JER 32 20 v54d 0 among all mankind Alternate translation: “among all people”
JER 32 20 nuz1 figs-metonymy 0 you have made your name famous Here “name” refers to God’s reputation. Alternate translation: “you have made yourself famous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 21 yz8j figs-metonymy 0 with a strong hand, with a raised arm The phrase “strong hand” is a metonym for strength, and the phrase “raised arm” is a metonym for the strength of the arm, so the phrases “strong hand” and “raised arm” form a doublet. Alternate translation: “by your great strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 32 22 gd9s 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues praying to Yahweh. He ends the introduction to his lament (“Woe,” [Jeremiah 32:17](../32/17.md)) with the words “took possession of it” and begins the lament with “but they did not obey.”
JER 32 22 zm76 0 gave them “gave the people of Israel”
JER 32 22 zm76 0 gave them Alternate translation: “gave the people of Israel”
JER 32 22 m6c3 figs-metaphor 0 land flowing with milk and honey “land where milk and honey flow.” God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 11:5](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 23 j41s figs-metonymy 0 But they did not obey your voice The voice is a metonym for the message the speaker gives. Alternate translation: “But they did not obey what you said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 24 h8z8 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues praying to Yahweh.
@ -2211,47 +2211,47 @@ JER 32 24 r8nr figs-metaphor 0 The siege mounds have reached up to the city to
JER 32 24 y1cb figs-metonymy 0 because of sword The word “sword” is a metonym for war, where soldiers use swords. Alternate translation: “because soldiers will attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 24 b3n7 figs-abstractnouns 0 famine, and plague These abstract nouns can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “people have no food to eat, and everyone is weak from being ill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 32 24 p2wr figs-metonymy 0 the city has been given into the hand of the Chaldeans Here “hand” means power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have given Jerusalem to the Chaldean army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 32 24 l673 0 happening, and see, you are watching “happening, as you can see very well”
JER 32 25 v7a7 0 have witnesses witness it “have people watch you purchase the land so they can tell others that you have purchased the land”
JER 32 24 l673 0 happening, and see, you are watching Alternate translation: “happening, as you can see very well”
JER 32 25 v7a7 0 have witnesses witness it Alternate translation: “have people watch you purchase the land so they can tell others that you have purchased the land”
JER 32 25 fl8j figs-activepassive 0 this city is being given This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am giving this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 32 26 m8wk figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 32 26 m9gx figs-123person 0 came to Jeremiah It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 32 27 v6cp figs-rquestion 0 Is anything too difficult for me to do? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he can do anything. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Nothing is too difficult for me to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 32 28 dcf6 0 See, I am about to give “Listen carefully! I am the one who will give”
JER 32 28 dcf6 0 See, I am about to give Alternate translation: “Listen carefully! I am the one who will give”
JER 32 28 fb9t figs-metonymy 0 give this city into the hand of the Chaldeans Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a small object that he could put into a person’s hand. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand puts into action. Alternate translation: “put this city under the power of the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 29 w46s 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
JER 32 29 s7dq 0 in order to provoke me “so that I would become very angry”
JER 32 29 s7dq 0 in order to provoke me Alternate translation: “so that I would become very angry”
JER 32 30 r5j3 figs-metonymy 0 doing evil before my eyes Here the metonym “eyes” represents what God sees. This could mean: (1) “doing what I consider evil” or (2) “doing evil knowing that I am watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 30 e1kb figs-metaphor 0 since their youth A person being young is a metaphor for the people of Israel first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: “from the time they were young” or “from the time that they became a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 32 30 qwp4 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 32 31 fxx2 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
JER 32 31 u2mt figs-metonymy 0 this city has been a provocation of my wrath and fury since the day that they built it Here “city” is a metonym for the people that live there. The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem have made me very angry since the day they built their city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 32 31 bcj1 figs-abstractnouns 0 has been a provocation of The abstract noun “provocation” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “has been something that has provoked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 32 31 v1l3 0 It has been that right up to this present day “They continue to make me angry even now”
JER 32 31 v1l3 0 It has been that right up to this present day Alternate translation: “They continue to make me angry even now”
JER 32 31 hn3i figs-personification 0 from before my face The face is a metonym for the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “from my presence” or “completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 33 l9le 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah about what the people of Israel had done.
JER 32 33 tx7l translate-symaction 0 They turned their backs to me instead of their faces One turns one’s face to someone to show that one is listening, and one’s back to show that one refuses to listen. Alternate translation: “Instead of listening carefully to me, they refused to listen at all” or “They refused to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 32 33 lg6f 0 to receive correction “to learn how to act correctly”
JER 32 34 k9ry 0 their abominable idols “their idols which I hate”
JER 32 33 lg6f 0 to receive correction Alternate translation: “to learn how to act correctly”
JER 32 34 k9ry 0 their abominable idols Alternate translation: “their idols which I hate”
JER 32 34 jn46 figs-activepassive 0 the house that is called by my name Here “name” represents Yahweh. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the house that belongs to me” or “the building in which they worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 35 cau1 0 Valley of Ben Hinnom See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md).
JER 32 35 x89j figs-metonymy 0 It never entered my mind Here “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “I never thought at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 36 y1ua figs-you 0 which you are saying Here “you” is plural. This could mean: (1) this refers to Jeremiah and those with him, or (2) it refers to all the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 32 36 ag2w figs-metonymy 0 It is given into the hand of the king of Babylon Here “hand” means power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given it to the king of Babylon” or “Yahweh has given the king of Babylon the power to rule it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 32 37 j7yh 0 to gather them “to gather my people”
JER 32 37 j7yh 0 to gather them Alternate translation: “to gather my people”
JER 32 37 d9i7 figs-doublet 0 wrath, fury, and great anger All three words mean the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. Alternate translation: “extreme anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 32 37 h1sp 0 in security “where they are safe”
JER 32 37 h1sp 0 in security Alternate translation: “where they are safe”
JER 32 38 a4rn 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
JER 32 39 q5cb figs-metonymy 0 one heart and one way to honor me The people of Israel will want to work together to honor Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 40 f7yh 0 an everlasting covenant “eternal agreement”
JER 32 40 xt5h 0 will not turn away from doing good “stop doing good”
JER 32 40 f7yh 0 an everlasting covenant Alternate translation: “eternal agreement”
JER 32 40 xt5h 0 will not turn away from doing good Alternate translation: “stop doing good”
JER 32 40 w44d figs-metaphor 0 I will set honor for me in their hearts Honor is spoken of as if it were a solid object put in a container from which no one can remove it. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to always honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 32 40 r8jy 0 so that they will never turn away from me “so that they will never stop obeying and worshiping me”
JER 32 40 r8jy 0 so that they will never turn away from me Alternate translation: “so that they will never stop obeying and worshiping me”
JER 32 41 f6dv 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
JER 32 41 diu3 0 doing good to them Here “them” refers to the people of Israel.
JER 32 41 rwm9 figs-metaphor 0 I will faithfully plant them in this land Yahweh speaks of having his people live in the land forever as if he were planting plants in a garden. Alternate translation: “I will permanently settle the Israelites in this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 32 41 j5ie figs-doublet 0 with all my heart and all my life Together, these two phrases form an idiomatic expression that refers to a person’s entire being. Alternate translation: “with all that I am” or “wholeheartedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 32 42 sj3m 0 I have brought all this great disaster on this people, so I will bring on them all the good things “I have caused all these bad things to happen to this people, and now I will cause the good things to happen to them”
JER 32 42 sj3m 0 I have brought all this great disaster on this people, so I will bring on them all the good things Alternate translation: “I have caused all these bad things to happen to this people, and now I will cause the good things to happen to them”
JER 32 43 qct6 figs-activepassive 0 Then fields will be bought in this land This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then people will buy fields in this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 32 43 s9q4 figs-you 0 you are saying Here “you” refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 32 43 mhj8 figs-metonymy 0 It has been given into the hand of the Chaldeans Here “hand” is a metonym for power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given it to the Chaldeans” or “Yahweh has given the Chaldeans power over it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2261,7 +2261,7 @@ JER 33 intro vtz5 0 # Jeremiah 33 General Notes<br>## Structure and formattin
JER 33 1 zhp8 writing-poetry 0 General Information: See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
JER 33 1 rj9y figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah a second time, while he was … guard, saying, The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah a second time, while Jeremiah was … guard. He said,” or “While Jeremiah was … guard, Yahweh spoke this second message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 33 1 wa3r figs-123person 0 came to Jeremiah It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 33 1 k2z4 0 he was still shut within “he was still a prisoner in”
JER 33 1 k2z4 0 he was still shut within Alternate translation: “he was still a prisoner in”
JER 33 1 fe41 0 the courtyard of the guard This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER 33 2 hz5q 0 who forms in order to establish who creates things so he can make them exist forever
JER 33 4 g9p1 figs-activepassive 0 that are torn down because of the siege ramps and the sword This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) the people tore the houses down to make walls to defend against the Chaldeans. Alternate translation: “that the people have torn down to defend against the siege ramps and the sword” or (2) Alternate translation: “the houses that the Chaldeans have torn down to make siege ramps so they can make war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2280,7 +2280,7 @@ JER 33 11 pi42 figs-metonymy 0 I will restore the fortunes of the land The word
JER 33 11 cg2k figs-explicit 0 to what they were before This refers to the time before the exile to Babylon. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “to what they were before I sent the Israelites into exile in Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 33 12 aqm5 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 33 13 w446 figs-explicit 0 the flocks will again pass under the hands of the ones counting them This refers to the practice of a shepherd counting and inspecting his sheep as the sheep walked under his hand. Alternate translation: “shepherds will again count their sheep as the sheep walk by” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 33 14 z61y 0 Look “Listen carefully”
JER 33 14 z61y 0 Look Alternate translation: “Listen carefully”
JER 33 14 rc5u figs-metaphor 0 Days are coming … when I will do Future time is spoken of as if the “Days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “In the future … I will do” or “There will be a time … when I will do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 33 14 jj5h figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 33 14 ed3q figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2291,14 +2291,14 @@ JER 33 15 hd8c figs-metaphor 0 I will make a righteous branch to grow for David
JER 33 15 c2sm figs-metonymy 0 the land the nation of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 33 16 yng7 figs-metonymy 0 Judah … Jerusalem These towns’ names are metonyms for the people who live in the towns. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah … the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 33 16 sr7d figs-activepassive 0 Judah will be saved This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will save Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 33 16 q5ei 0 Jerusalem will live in security “the people of Judah will be safe from their enemies”
JER 33 16 q5ei 0 Jerusalem will live in security Alternate translation: “the people of Judah will be safe from their enemies”
JER 33 16 x44h figs-metaphor 0 this is what she will be called Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as if the town were a woman. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “this is what they will call her” or “this is what I will call the town” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 33 17 lnb8 0 A man from David’s line will never be lacking “There will always be a man from David’s line”
JER 33 17 lnb8 0 A man from David’s line will never be lacking Alternate translation: “There will always be a man from David’s line”
JER 33 17 d7da 0 A man from David’s line a male descendant of King David
JER 33 17 pqu6 figs-metonymy 0 to sit on the throne of the house of Israel The throne is a metonym for the king. Alternate translation: “to be king over the house of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 33 17 eml3 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 33 18 g9nx 0 nor will a man from the Levitical priests be lacking before me to raise burnt offerings “and there will always be a man from the Levitical priests to raise burnt offerings”
JER 33 18 i89e 0 raise burnt offerings “offer burnt offerings”
JER 33 18 g9nx 0 nor will a man from the Levitical priests be lacking before me to raise burnt offerings Alternate translation: “and there will always be a man from the Levitical priests to raise burnt offerings”
JER 33 18 i89e 0 raise burnt offerings Alternate translation: “offer burnt offerings”
JER 33 19 w4dw figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 33 19 j1gw figs-123person 0 to Jeremiah It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 33 20 s39s figs-123person 0 Yahweh says Yahweh is speaking of himself here. Alternate translation: “I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -2309,7 +2309,7 @@ JER 33 22 xip8 figs-simile 0 As the hosts of heaven cannot be counted, and as t
JER 33 23 ufu8 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 33 23 liq9 figs-123person 0 to Jeremiah It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 33 24 wv8q figs-rquestion 0 Have you not considered what this people has declared when they said, ‘The … them’? Yahweh wants Jeremiah to think deeply about what the people have said. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have noticed what this people are really saying when they said, ‘The … them.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 33 24 k7ki 0 In this way they despise my people, saying … sight “What they are really saying is that my people are worthless and that my people will never again be a nation.”
JER 33 24 k7ki 0 In this way they despise my people, saying … sight Alternate translation: “What they are really saying is that my people are worthless and that my people will never again be a nation.”
JER 33 24 yua9 figs-metonymy 0 my people … are no longer a nation in their sight Sight is a metonym for thinking. Alternate translation: “they no longer think of my people as a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 33 25 j74f figs-hypo 0 If I have not established … and if I have not fixed This is the beginning of a hypothetical statement that describes a situation that Yahweh never expects to be true.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER 33 26 x6zy figs-hypo 0 The hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If I have not established the covenant” in verse 25 ends here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
@ -2319,7 +2319,7 @@ JER 33 26 e4m9 0 show mercy to Translate as “have compassion on” is transl
JER 34 intro vkt9 0 # Jeremiah 34 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Law of Moses<br>According to the law of Moses, the people were required to free their indebted slaves after a period of time. The king led them in freeing their fellow Israelites whom they held as slaves, but later they changed their minds and enslaved them again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Actions with cultural meaning<br><br>When the people of Israel made a sacred promise to God, they cut a calf in two and passed between its parts. It was a very serious sin not to do what one had promised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 34 1 z8xz figs-idiom 0 The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, when Nebuchadnezzar … her cities, saying: This idiom “The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah when Nebuchadnezzar … her cities. He said,” or “When Nebuchadnezzar … her cities, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 34 1 d4fn figs-123person 0 to Jeremiah It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name in this chapter. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 34 1 p1vd 0 waging war “fighting”
JER 34 1 p1vd 0 waging war Alternate translation: “fighting”
JER 34 1 qc7b figs-metonymy 0 all of her cities This refers to all the towns around Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 34 2 g3l2 0 to give this city See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:28](../32/28.md)
JER 34 2 b3et figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of the king of Babylon Here the word “hand” is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “under the control of the king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2329,7 +2329,7 @@ JER 34 4 uht1 figs-metonymy 0 You will not die by the sword. The word “sword
JER 34 5 xn8v 0 the funeral burning of your ancestors The people would burn spices in honor of people who had recently died. They did not burn the dead people’s bodies.
JER 34 5 x2la figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 34 7 lw71 translate-names 0 Lachish and Azekah These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 34 7 r9p7 0 These cities of Judah remained as fortified cities “the only fortified cities of Judah that the Babylonians had not yet captured”
JER 34 7 r9p7 0 These cities of Judah remained as fortified cities Alternate translation: “the only fortified cities of Judah that the Babylonians had not yet captured”
JER 34 8 r2u9 figs-idiom 0 The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. However, the actual message does not begin until [Jeremiah 34:12](./12.md). See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke a message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 34 8 pb27 0 word message
JER 34 8 us2n writing-background 0 after King Zedekiah had made a covenant … freedom to them These words begin to provide background information to events that will be described later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
@ -2338,26 +2338,26 @@ JER 34 10 l3j5 0 Connecting Statement: Jeremiah continues giving the backgroun
JER 34 12 jbq2 0 Connecting Statement: Jeremiah resumes the story from [Jeremiah 34:8](../34/08.md) after the background information of [Jeremiah 34:8](../34/08.md)-[Jeremiah 11](./10.md).
JER 34 12 pf6k figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Yahweh” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah: ‘Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 34 13 b8wy figs-idiom 0 house of slavery This is an idiom. “place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 34 14 x834 0 each man must send away his brother, his fellow Hebrew who had sold himself to you and served you “each of you must free any fellow Hebrews who sold themselves to you and have been your slaves”
JER 34 14 jnm6 0 Send him away in freedom “You must let them be free from serving you”
JER 34 14 x834 0 each man must send away his brother, his fellow Hebrew who had sold himself to you and served you Alternate translation: “each of you must free any fellow Hebrews who sold themselves to you and have been your slaves”
JER 34 14 jnm6 0 Send him away in freedom Alternate translation: “You must let them be free from serving you”
JER 34 14 gs8l figs-metonymy 0 did not … incline their ears to me To incline the ear, to lean the head toward the speaker so as to hear better, is a metonym for paying attention to what the speaker is saying. Alternate translation: “did not … pay attention to what I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 34 15 ryr7 0 Now you yourselves repented Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JER 34 15 re32 figs-metonymy 0 right in my eyes “Eyes” here is a metonym for someone’s opinion or idea. Alternate translation: “what I consider to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 34 15 x4yg figs-activepassive 0 the house that is called by my name This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the house that belongs to me” or “the building in which they worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 34 16 r5d6 figs-metonymy 0 turned and polluted my name A person’s name is a metonym for what people think of him. Alternate translation: “stopped doing what was right and did evil things that have made people think that I am evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 34 17 n7sg 0 So look! “Listen!” or “Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you!”
JER 34 17 n7sg 0 So look! Alternate translation: “Listen!” or “Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you!”
JER 34 17 b72s figs-irony 0 I am about to proclaim freedom to you … freedom for the sword, the plague, and famine Jeremiah uses irony to say that the “freedom” the people will enjoy will actually be suffering. Alternate translation: “I will proclaim misery to you … misery from the sword, the plague, and famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER 34 17 h19u 0 proclaim freedom to you “proclaim that you are free”
JER 34 17 h19u 0 proclaim freedom to you Alternate translation: “proclaim that you are free”
JER 34 17 n2mw figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 34 17 vx6q figs-metonymy 0 sword This is a metonym for soldiers who carry swords. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers to kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 34 17 eyz6 figs-metaphor 0 am going to make you a horrible thing in the sight of every kingdom on earth Here “sight” represents judgment or evaluation. The word “kingdom” is a metonym for the people who live in the kingdom. Alternate translation: “I am going to make the people in every kingdom on earth think that you are horrible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 34 18 r9sg writing-background 0 when they cut a bull … walked between its parts These words begin to describe how the people established the covenant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER 34 18 cec2 0 established before me “agreed to with me” or “established while I was watching”
JER 34 18 cec2 0 established before me Alternate translation: “agreed to with me” or “established while I was watching”
JER 34 19 lhx2 writing-background 0 and then the leaders … walked between the parts of the bull The description of how the people established the covenant that began with the words “when they cut” in verse 18 ends here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER 34 20 xu7g figs-metonymy 0 I will give them into the hand of their enemies The word “hand” here is a metonym for the power or control that the enemies will exercise using their hands. AT; “I will allow their enemies to have complete control over them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 34 20 gan7 figs-euphemism 0 seeking their lives This is a polite way to say that they wanted to kill them. Alternate translation: “seeking to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER 34 20 sjp1 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of their enemies Here the word “hands” represents control. Alternate translation: “to be conquered by their enemies” or “over to the control of their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 34 21 wl9t 0 risen up “come to fight”
JER 34 21 wl9t 0 risen up Alternate translation: “come to fight”
JER 34 22 ug2t 0 bring them bring the Babylonian armies
JER 35 intro jt1x 0 # Jeremiah 35 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The Rechabites<br><br>The actions of the Rechabites contrasted with the actions of the Jews. The Rechabites obeyed the commands their ancestor had give while living in Canaan, but Judah did not obey Yahweh’s commands. Because the Rechabites were obedient, Yahweh preserved their clan. The Rechabites’ history is found in the book of Judges.
JER 35 1 pt2v figs-idiom 0 The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh in the days … of Judah, saying, The idiom “The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah in the days … of Judah. He said,” or “In the days … of Judah, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -2391,109 +2391,109 @@ JER 36 1 a3lh 0 It came about “It happened.” This phrase is used here to m
JER 36 1 v3ak translate-ordinal 0 in the fourth year of Jehoiakim … king of Judah Jehoiakim had been king of Judah for more than three years. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 25:1](../25/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 36 1 tg7j 0 that this word The phrase “this word” refers to the message that follows.
JER 36 1 dr12 figs-123person 0 to Jeremiah It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 36 1 knl3 0 he said “Yahweh said”
JER 36 2 wmr2 0 every nation “all of the nations”
JER 36 2 ym8v 0 I have told from “I have told you from”
JER 36 2 k9kn 0 from the days of Josiah until this very day “from the time Josiah was king until today”
JER 36 3 iuw6 0 Perhaps the people “It is possible that the people”
JER 36 3 vkj1 0 to bring on them “to cause to happen to them”
JER 36 1 knl3 0 he said Alternate translation: “Yahweh said”
JER 36 2 wmr2 0 every nation Alternate translation: “all of the nations”
JER 36 2 ym8v 0 I have told from Alternate translation: “I have told you from”
JER 36 2 k9kn 0 from the days of Josiah until this very day Alternate translation: “from the time Josiah was king until today”
JER 36 3 iuw6 0 Perhaps the people Alternate translation: “It is possible that the people”
JER 36 3 vkj1 0 to bring on them Alternate translation: “to cause to happen to them”
JER 36 3 yk1m figs-metaphor 0 his wicked way Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:11](../18/11.md). Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 36 3 s9uw figs-metonymy 0 forgive their iniquity and their sin The words “iniquity” and “sin” are metonyms for the persons who commit iniquity and sin. Alternate translation: “forgive them for their iniquity and their sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 36 4 ff7m figs-123person 0 Jeremiah called … at Jeremiah’s dictation … to him It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. Alternate translation: “I called … at my dictation … to me … I gave … I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 36 4 d5mh 0 Baruch wrote in a scroll, at Jeremiah’s dictation, all the words of Yahweh spoken to him “while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote in a scroll all of Yahweh’s words that Yahweh had spoken to Jeremiah”
JER 36 4 d5mh 0 Baruch wrote in a scroll, at Jeremiah’s dictation, all the words of Yahweh spoken to him Alternate translation: “while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote in a scroll all of Yahweh’s words that Yahweh had spoken to Jeremiah”
JER 36 5 l4t5 figs-123person 0 Jeremiah gave … He said It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. Alternate translation: “I called … at my dictation … to me … I gave … I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 36 6 j3tt 0 read from the scroll “read out loud from the scroll” or “proclaim from the scroll”
JER 36 6 e6rd 0 must read “must read out loud” or “must proclaim”
JER 36 6 j3tt 0 read from the scroll Alternate translation: “read out loud from the scroll” or “proclaim from the scroll”
JER 36 6 e6rd 0 must read Alternate translation: “must read out loud” or “must proclaim”
JER 36 6 y6ch 0 in the hearing of the people in his house “so that the people in Yahweh’s house can hear them.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
JER 36 6 ywi1 0 in the hearing of all of Judah who have come from their cities “so all the people of Judah who have come from their cities can hear them.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
JER 36 7 z1n2 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues to give instructions to Baruch.
JER 36 7 jiw4 0 Perhaps their pleas “It is possible that their pleas”
JER 36 7 a6dv 0 their pleas for mercy will come before Yahweh “Yahweh will hear them plead for mercy and do as they ask”
JER 36 7 jiw4 0 Perhaps their pleas Alternate translation: “It is possible that their pleas”
JER 36 7 a6dv 0 their pleas for mercy will come before Yahweh Alternate translation: “Yahweh will hear them plead for mercy and do as they ask”
JER 36 7 xtz1 0 their pleas for mercy The word “their” refers to the people in the house of Yahweh and the people of Judah who had come to the house of Yahweh from their cities.
JER 36 7 kqx8 figs-metaphor 0 from his wicked way Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:11](../18/11.md). Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 36 7 p71z 0 the wrath and fury “the anger and rage”
JER 36 7 p71z 0 the wrath and fury Alternate translation: “the anger and rage”
JER 36 9 tvk8 0 It came about See how you translated this phrase in [Jeremiah 36:1](../36/01.md).
JER 36 9 fa5n translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the fifth year and ninth month of Jehoiakim … king of Judah This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of November and the first part of December on Western calendars. “after Jehoiakim … had been king of Judah for more than four years, during the ninth month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 36 9 mf4x 0 of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah See how you translated this phrase in [Jeremiah 25:1](../25/01.md).
JER 36 9 ywy2 0 proclaimed a fast “told everyone that they were going to fast”
JER 36 9 ywy2 0 proclaimed a fast Alternate translation: “told everyone that they were going to fast”
JER 36 10 v96d figs-123person 0 Jeremiah’s words It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 36 10 g1m5 translate-names 0 Gemariah son of Shaphan This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 36 10 t8dv 0 the scribe “who was a scribe”
JER 36 10 x7c1 0 by the gate of the entrance to the house of Yahweh “in the entrance of the new gate of the house of Yahweh”
JER 36 10 t8dv 0 the scribe Alternate translation: “who was a scribe”
JER 36 10 x7c1 0 by the gate of the entrance to the house of Yahweh Alternate translation: “in the entrance of the new gate of the house of Yahweh”
JER 36 10 hp8u 0 He did this He read aloud Jeremiah’s words.
JER 36 10 snx3 0 in the hearing of all the people “where all the people could hear him.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
JER 36 11 f91c 0 Now Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JER 36 11 wey5 0 Micaiah son of Gemariah son of Shaphan “Micaiah who was the son of Gemariah, who was the son of Shaphan”
JER 36 11 wey5 0 Micaiah son of Gemariah son of Shaphan Alternate translation: “Micaiah who was the son of Gemariah, who was the son of Shaphan”
JER 36 11 sn4i translate-names 0 Micaiah This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 36 11 v211 translate-names 0 Gemariah son of Shaphan See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:10](../36/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 36 12 kl3c 0 Look “Pay attention to what I am going to say”
JER 36 12 kl3c 0 Look Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am going to say”
JER 36 12 v5np translate-names 0 Elishama … Delaiah These are names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 36 12 z6c7 translate-names 0 Shemaiah See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 26:20](../26/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 36 12 tbc8 translate-names 0 Elnathan son of Akbor See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 26:22](../26/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 36 12 f6nh translate-names 0 Zedekiah See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 36 12 b566 translate-names 0 Hananiah See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 28:1](../28/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 36 12 f2b4 0 all the officials “all of the other officials”
JER 36 12 f2b4 0 all the officials Alternate translation: “all of the other officials”
JER 36 13 c2d3 0 Micaiah See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 36:11](../36/11.md).
JER 36 13 q1an 0 reported to them The word “them” refers to officials in [Jeremiah 36:12](../36/12.md).
JER 36 13 xx8s 0 in the hearing of the people “so that the people could hear” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
JER 36 14 u57c translate-names 0 Jehudi … Nethaniah … Shelemiah … Cushi These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 36 15 u4gb 0 in our hearing “so we can hear you read it” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
JER 36 15 td5p 0 read the scroll “read the scroll aloud”
JER 36 15 td5p 0 read the scroll Alternate translation: “read the scroll aloud”
JER 36 16 p6rk 0 It happened that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER 36 16 vym2 0 when they heard The word “they” refers to the officials.
JER 36 16 n53p 0 all these words the words that Baruch read aloud from the scroll
JER 36 17 ipi7 0 how did you come to write “how did you write”
JER 36 17 ipi7 0 how did you come to write Alternate translation: “how did you write”
JER 36 17 p4vi 0 at Jeremiah’s dictation See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:4](../36/04.md).
JER 36 18 s4kx 0 dictated Jeremiah spoke out loud so that Baruch could write down his words.
JER 36 18 pqp3 0 wrote them in ink “used ink to write them”
JER 36 18 pqp3 0 wrote them in ink Alternate translation: “used ink to write them”
JER 36 18 is54 0 ink a dark liquid that is used for writing
JER 36 19 zge9 figs-ellipsis 0 Jeremiah, too You may need to make this a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “Jeremiah should hide himself, too” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 36 19 kih8 figs-you 0 where you are The word “you” refers to Baruch and Jeremiah and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 36 20 ddc1 0 So they “Then the officials”
JER 36 20 x5gj 0 put the scroll in the room of Elishama “put the scroll in the room of Elishama so it would be safe”
JER 36 20 ddc1 0 So they Alternate translation: “Then the officials”
JER 36 20 x5gj 0 put the scroll in the room of Elishama Alternate translation: “put the scroll in the room of Elishama so it would be safe”
JER 36 20 b16g 0 Elishama the secretary See how you translated “Elishama the scribe” in [Jeremiah 36:12](../36/12.md).
JER 36 20 nlt3 0 in the hearing of the king “where the king could hear him” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
JER 36 21 rz17 0 Jehudi See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 36:14](../36/14.md).
JER 36 22 xeh7 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Jeremiah starts to tell a new part of the story.
JER 36 22 nd2u translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the ninth month This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. This is at the end of the sowing season and the beginning of the cold season. It is during the last part November and the first part of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 36 22 zw8h 0 a brazier was burning in front of him “the brazier was in front of him with a blazing fire”
JER 36 22 zw8h 0 a brazier was burning in front of him Alternate translation: “the brazier was in front of him with a blazing fire”
JER 36 22 tf4p 0 a brazier a fireplace that people can move
JER 36 23 sz7v 0 It happened that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER 36 23 z4cg 0 Jehudi See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:14](../36/14.md).
JER 36 23 l2gf 0 columns these are columns of words on the scroll
JER 36 23 ip73 0 would cut it off “would cut that part of the scroll off”
JER 36 23 gbu3 0 with a knife “using a scribe’s knife” or “using the kind of knife that scribes use”
JER 36 23 ip73 0 would cut it off Alternate translation: “would cut that part of the scroll off”
JER 36 23 gbu3 0 with a knife Alternate translation: “using a scribe’s knife” or “using the kind of knife that scribes use”
JER 36 23 ar14 0 brazier See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:22](../36/22.md).
JER 36 23 vjz5 0 until all of the scroll was destroyed “until the scroll was completely gone”
JER 36 23 vjz5 0 until all of the scroll was destroyed Alternate translation: “until the scroll was completely gone”
JER 36 24 s3et 0 all these words the words from the scroll that Baruch wrote as Jeremiah dictated
JER 36 24 bgq6 translate-symaction 0 nor did they tear their clothes People tore their cloths when they were extremely sad. Alternate translation: “nor did they mourn by tearing their clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 36 25 ts8f 0 Elnathan, Delaiah, and Gemariah See how you translated these names in [Jeremiah 36:12](../36/12.md).
JER 36 25 km58 0 urged the king “pleaded with the king”
JER 36 25 km58 0 urged the king Alternate translation: “pleaded with the king”
JER 36 26 vne7 translate-names 0 Jerahmeel … Seraiah … Azriel … Shelemiah … Abdeel These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 36 26 uyd9 0 a relative “a relative of the king”
JER 36 26 uyd9 0 a relative Alternate translation: “a relative of the king”
JER 36 26 d67a figs-123person 0 Jeremiah the prophet … hidden them It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 36 27 h7zx figs-idiom 0 Then the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah after … dictation, saying, The idiom “The word of Yahweh came” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah after … dictation. He said,” or “After … dictation, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 36 27 i9hx figs-123person 0 to Jeremiah … Jeremiah’s dictation It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 36 27 ksc8 0 at Jeremiah’s dictation See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 36:4](../36/04.md).
JER 36 28 x9ye 0 Go back, take another scroll for yourself “Take another scroll for yourself again”
JER 36 28 m6mh 0 the original scroll “the first scroll”
JER 36 28 x9ye 0 Go back, take another scroll for yourself Alternate translation: “Take another scroll for yourself again”
JER 36 28 m6mh 0 the original scroll Alternate translation: “the first scroll”
JER 36 29 bf3y figs-rquestion 0 Why have you written on it … beast in it’? Jehoiakim uses this question to emphasize that Jeremiah should not have written that the king of Babylon would come and attack. Alternate translation: “You should not have written … beast in it!” or “You were wrong to write … beast in it’!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 36 29 ngk4 0 for he will destroy “and he will destroy”
JER 36 29 ngk4 0 for he will destroy Alternate translation: “and he will destroy”
JER 36 30 pl99 figs-metonymy 0 will ever sit on the throne of David Sitting on the throne is a metonym for ruling as king. See how you translated “sits on the throne of David” in [Jeremiah 29:16](../29/16.md). Alternate translation: “will ever rule the Israelites as David did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 36 30 d7yi figs-activepassive 0 your corpse will be thrown out This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will throw your dead body outside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 36 30 n16b 0 your corpse “your dead body”
JER 36 30 jp3b 0 into the heat of day “so that it is exposed to the dry heat of the daytime”
JER 36 30 n16b 0 your corpse Alternate translation: “your dead body”
JER 36 30 jp3b 0 into the heat of day Alternate translation: “so that it is exposed to the dry heat of the daytime”
JER 36 30 ws5c 0 frost ice that forms on grass during cold nights
JER 36 31 bvh4 0 of you all “of all of you”
JER 36 31 bvh4 0 of you all Alternate translation: “of all of you”
JER 36 32 k5z6 figs-123person 0 Jeremiah took … Jeremiah’s dictation Jeremiah speaks of himself by name for reasons that are not clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 36 32 k1wh figs-abstractnouns 0 Baruch wrote on it at Jeremiah’s dictation The abstract noun “dictation” can be translated as a verb. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 36:4](../36/04.md). Alternate translation: “while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 36 32 b4kt 0 burned by Jehoiakim king of Judah “that Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire”
JER 36 32 b4kt 0 burned by Jehoiakim king of Judah Alternate translation: “that Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire”
JER 36 32 mev6 figs-activepassive 0 Furthermore, many other similar words were added to this scroll This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Furthermore, Jeremiah and Baruch added to this scroll many more words which were similar to the words that had been in the first scroll” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 37 intro du3z 0 # Jeremiah 37 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Ironic situation<br><br>Jeremiah was thrown into prison and beaten for prophesying the word of God. Then the king asked him, “Is there any word from Yahweh?” This is a type of irony. The king simply did not agree with God’s original word. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]])
JER 37 1 c5u8 0 Jehoiachin The Hebrew text has “Coniah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
JER 37 2 vt3f 0 of the land “of the land of Judah”
JER 37 2 vt3f 0 of the land Alternate translation: “of the land of Judah”
JER 37 2 j785 figs-synecdoche 0 he proclaimed by the hand of Jeremiah the prophet The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “he had Jeremiah the prophet proclaim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 37 2 crn1 0 he proclaimed “Yahweh proclaimed”
JER 37 2 crn1 0 he proclaimed Alternate translation: “Yahweh proclaimed”
JER 37 2 t2q2 0 Jeremiah the prophet Jeremiah refers to himself by name for reasons that are not clear.
JER 37 3 hw6v translate-names 0 Jehukal This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 37 3 ynt3 translate-names 0 Shelemiah See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 36:14](../36/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -2502,18 +2502,18 @@ JER 37 3 r1ds 0 on our behalf “for us” or “for our sake.” The word “
JER 37 4 u9nx writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. The narrator tells background information about what Jeremiah had been doing before Zedekiah sent the message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER 37 4 qa7u figs-idiom 0 Jeremiah was coming and going among the people Here “coming and going” is an idiom that means he was free to move about. Alternate translation: “Jeremiah was able to go wherever he wanted with everybody else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 37 4 j14u figs-activepassive 0 for he had not yet been put in prison This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “because no one had put him in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 37 5 m95i 0 came out “had set out”
JER 37 5 m95i 0 came out Alternate translation: “had set out”
JER 37 5 b9va 0 besieging See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER 37 6 p84n figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah the prophet, saying, The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah the prophet. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah the prophet:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 37 7 y24f figs-you 0 you will say The word “you” refers to the two men that king Zedekiah had sent to Jeremiah, Jehukal son of Shelemiah, and Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 37 7 wic9 0 to seek advice from me The word “me” refers to Yahweh.
JER 37 7 g9p8 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 37 7 g9p8 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 37 8 xgj8 0 They will fight against this city, capture it, and burn it Compare how you translated “to wage war against it and take it, and to burn it” in [Jeremiah 34:22](../34/22.md).
JER 37 9 egq8 0 Do not deceive yourselves The word “yourselves” refers to King Zedekiah and the rest of the people of Judah.
JER 37 9 ppa5 figs-explicit 0 Surely the Chaldeans are leaving us The people of Judah think that they will be safe because the Chaldeans had left. Alternate translation: “Surely we are safe because the Chaldeans are leaving us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 37 10 w4f5 0 they would get up “the wounded men would get up”
JER 37 10 w4f5 0 they would get up Alternate translation: “the wounded men would get up”
JER 37 11 gsm7 0 So it was “It came about that.” This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER 37 12 n9nx 0 a tract of land “a piece of land” or “some land”
JER 37 12 n9nx 0 a tract of land Alternate translation: “a piece of land” or “some land”
JER 37 12 kr6j 0 among his people “among his relatives.” Jeremiah was from the town of Anathoth in the land of Benjamin ([Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md)).
JER 37 13 pfg7 0 Benjamin Gate This is the name of the gate.
JER 37 13 t5gr translate-names 0 Irijah This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -2525,30 +2525,30 @@ JER 37 14 nwr4 translate-names 0 Irijah See how you translated this man’s nam
JER 37 14 q1jq 0 officials See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:18](../01/18.md).
JER 37 15 s5cv translate-numbers 0 Jonathan the scribe “Jonathan, who was a scribe.” This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JER 37 16 c2h2 figs-activepassive 0 Jeremiah was put into an underground cell This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the officials put Jeremiah into a room that was under the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 37 17 h6f8 0 brought him “brought Jeremiah”
JER 37 17 h6f8 0 brought him Alternate translation: “brought Jeremiah”
JER 37 17 x17c 0 his house the palace of King Zedekiah
JER 37 17 s43j figs-metonymy 0 You will be given into the hand of the king of Babylon The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 32:4](../32/04.md). Alternate translation: “I will certainly put you under the control of the king of Babylon” or “I will certainly allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 37 18 lu1a figs-rquestion 0 How have I sinned against you … prison? Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that he has not done anything wrong. Alternate translation: “I have not done anything wrong to you … prison.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 37 18 hq9m 0 this people the people of the kingdom of Judah
JER 37 18 a64h 0 have placed “have put”
JER 37 18 a64h 0 have placed Alternate translation: “have put”
JER 37 19 utn2 figs-rquestion 0 Where are your prophets, the ones who prophesied … against this land? Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that the other prophets were lying but that he had done nothing wrong because he had told the truth. Alternate translation: “Your prophets who prophesied … against this land were obviously wrong, but now it is clear that I was telling you the truth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 37 19 tq67 0 your prophets The word “your” refers to King Zedekiah and the other people of the kingdom of Judah.
JER 37 19 gp83 0 will not come against you or against this land “will not attack you or attack this land”
JER 37 19 gp83 0 will not come against you or against this land Alternate translation: “will not attack you or attack this land”
JER 37 20 a8fv 0 Let my pleas come before you “Hear me plead for mercy and do as I ask.” See how you translated “their pleas for mercy will come before Yahweh” in [Jeremiah 36:7](../36/07.md).
JER 37 20 e2hq 0 the house of Jonathan the scribe “the house of Jonathan, who is a scribe.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:15](../37/15.md).
JER 37 21 pss2 0 the courtyard of the guard This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER 37 21 s566 figs-activepassive 0 A loaf of bread was given him This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “His servants also gave Jeremiah a loaf of bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 37 21 v6xa 0 from the street of the bakers “from the street where the bakers worked”
JER 37 21 v6xa 0 from the street of the bakers Alternate translation: “from the street where the bakers worked”
JER 38 intro eu3f 0 # Jeremiah 38 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Surrender and live<br><br>If the king obeyed God and surrendered to the Babylonians, he would be allowed to live and the city would not be burned. But if he refused, he would be captured and the city burned. This took faith that Yahweh was using this ungodly, Gentile nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])
JER 38 1 gl7q translate-names 0 Shephatiah … Mattan, Gedaliah … Pashhur, Jehukal … Shelemiah … Pashhur … Malkijah men’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 38 2 p2xn figs-activepassive 0 Anyone staying in this city will be killed by sword, famine, and plague This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Anyone staying in this city will die by sword, famine, and plague” or “I will kill anyone staying in this city with sword, famine, and plague” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 38 2 izt9 0 He will escape with his own life The one who surrenders to the Babylonians will escape alive, even though he will lose all his possessions. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 21:9](../21/09.md).
JER 38 3 f89i figs-metonymy 0 This city will be given into the hand of the army of the king of Babylon The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will allow the army of the king of Babylon to conquer Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 38 3 u8f5 0 he will capture it The reader should understand that others will help the king of Babylon capture the city. “his army will capture it”
JER 38 4 s9za 0 Let this man die “Order someone to kill this man”
JER 38 4 s9za 0 Let this man die Alternate translation: “Order someone to kill this man”
JER 38 4 l3h5 figs-metonymy 0 he is weakening the hands of the fighting men who remain in this city, and the hands of all the people Weak hands are a metonym for a person who is afraid. Alternate translation: “he is causing the soldiers and all the people in the city to lose courage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 38 4 lzh8 0 for this man is not working for safety for this people, but disaster “for Jeremiah is not working to help this people be safe, but he is working for bad things to happen to this people”
JER 38 5 xr6q 0 Look “Listen carefully”
JER 38 4 lzh8 0 for this man is not working for safety for this people, but disaster Alternate translation: “for Jeremiah is not working to help this people be safe, but he is working for bad things to happen to this people”
JER 38 5 xr6q 0 Look Alternate translation: “Listen carefully”
JER 38 5 a92p figs-metonymy 0 he is in your hand The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand has. Alternate translation: “you are able do whatever you want with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 38 6 z9f6 figs-hyperbole 0 they … threw him into the cistern They literally “lowered Jeremiah down on ropes,” but the word “threw” is an exaggeration to say that they treated him roughly. Your language may have another way of saying this. Alternate translation: “they … roughly pushed him into the cistern” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 38 6 b4bv 0 cistern a deep hole in the ground where people collect and store rain water
@ -2560,8 +2560,8 @@ JER 38 7 lix8 writing-background 0 Now the king Here the word “now” marks a
JER 38 7 kfm3 figs-idiom 0 sitting at the Benjamin Gate King Zedekiah was probably hearing and judging legal cases. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 38 7 tch5 0 Benjamin Gate This is an entrance into the city of Jerusalem that people named after Benjamin, Jacob’s son.
JER 38 10 ex3t translate-numbers 0 thirty men “30 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JER 38 11 d1k2 0 let them down by ropes “used ropes to lower them down”
JER 38 12 xa9e 0 under your arms and on top of the ropes “between your arms and the ropes”
JER 38 11 d1k2 0 let them down by ropes Alternate translation: “used ropes to lower them down”
JER 38 12 xa9e 0 under your arms and on top of the ropes Alternate translation: “between your arms and the ropes”
JER 38 13 s46y 0 they pulled Jeremiah Here the word “they” refers to some of the thirty men who were with Ebed-Melech.
JER 38 13 xs87 0 the courtyard of the guard This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER 38 15 vvt7 figs-rquestion 0 If I answer you, will you not certainly kill me? Jeremiah uses this question to express his belief that the king will kill him if he answers truthfully. Alternate translation: “If I tell you the truth, you will certainly kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -2589,24 +2589,24 @@ JER 38 27 e9tl figs-abstractnouns 0 the conversation between Jeremiah and the k
JER 38 28 kaj5 0 the courtyard of the guard This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER 38 28 l5rj figs-activepassive 0 until the day Jerusalem was captured This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “until the day that the Babylonian army captured Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 39 intro i9ad 0 # Jeremiah 39 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The prophesied destruction of Jerusalem is over and the actual conquering of the Promised Land by Babylon begins in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
JER 39 1 bc1u 0 came … against Jerusalem “came to attack Jerusalem”
JER 39 1 bc1u 0 came … against Jerusalem Alternate translation: “came to attack Jerusalem”
JER 39 1 dap3 translate-hebrewmonths 0 In the ninth year and tenth month of Zedekiah king of Judah This is after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for eight years, in the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “In the tenth month of the ninth year that Zedekiah was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
JER 39 1 yh1s translate-ordinal 0 ninth … tenth See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]
JER 39 2 v5d9 translate-hebrewmonths 0 In the eleventh year and fourth month of Zedekiah, on the ninth day of the month This is after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for more than ten years, in the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. The eleventh day is near the beginning of July on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “On the ninth day of the fourth month of the eleventh year that Zedekiah was king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
JER 39 2 ph29 translate-ordinal 0 eleventh … fourth See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]
JER 39 3 bu4u translate-names 0 Nebo-Sarsekim, Samgar Nebo, and Sarsechim These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 39 3 ew2q 0 in the middle gate “in the middle entrance to the city.” It was common for leaders to sit at the gate of the city to discuss important matters.
JER 39 4 rpl5 0 They went out at night from the city by the king’s garden path “They left the city at night going out on a path in the king’s garden”
JER 39 4 rpl5 0 They went out at night from the city by the king’s garden path Alternate translation: “They left the city at night going out on a path in the king’s garden”
JER 39 5 w8c7 0 the plains of the Jordan River valley This is the flat land at the southern end of the valley.
JER 39 5 uma7 translate-names 0 at Riblah in the land of Hamath Riblah was a town in the territory of Hamath, which is in Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 39 5 v4xk 0 pursued them and overtook “followed them and caught”
JER 39 5 f3u5 0 passed sentence on him “decided how to punish him”
JER 39 5 v4xk 0 pursued them and overtook Alternate translation: “followed them and caught”
JER 39 5 f3u5 0 passed sentence on him Alternate translation: “decided how to punish him”
JER 39 6 l5id figs-synecdoche 0 slaughtered Zedekiah’s sons before his own eyes The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah’s sons. Alternate translation: “forced Zedekiah to watch as the king’s soldiers killed Zedekiah’s sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 39 7 ei9s 0 he put out Zedekiah’s eyes “the king’s men made Zedekiah blind.” Use the common words for making a person blind. It is not clear that the king of Babylon took Zedekiah’s eyes out of his head. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon make Zedekiah blind.
JER 39 8 ku9v 0 the king’s house Zedekiah’s house
JER 39 8 cbe2 0 the people’s houses the houses that had belonged to the people of Jerusalem
JER 39 9 sr9p translate-names 0 Nebuzaradan This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 39 9 qvc3 0 the king’s bodyguards “Nebuchadnezzar’s guards”
JER 39 9 qvc3 0 the king’s bodyguards Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s guards”
JER 39 9 nt1i figs-hyperbole 0 the rest of the people who were left in the city This is probably a generalization. Alternate translation: “the people who were still living in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 39 10 h3ys figs-hyperbole 0 who had nothing for themselves The word “nothing” is probably an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “who owned nothing of great value” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 39 13 r536 translate-names 0 Nebushazban a man’s name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -2620,37 +2620,37 @@ JER 39 15 qm3a figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah while he was
JER 39 15 g5jx 0 the courtyard of the guard This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER 39 16 g2jt 0 Ebed-Melek the Cushite See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 38:7](../38/07.md).
JER 39 16 c57h 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 39 16 tg3k 0 I am about to carry out my words against this city for disaster and not for good “I am bringing disaster, not good, against this city, just as I said I would”
JER 39 16 pb72 0 For they will all come true before you on that day “For you will see it all happen on that day”
JER 39 16 tg3k 0 I am about to carry out my words against this city for disaster and not for good Alternate translation: “I am bringing disaster, not good, against this city, just as I said I would”
JER 39 16 pb72 0 For they will all come true before you on that day Alternate translation: “For you will see it all happen on that day”
JER 39 17 w69c 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
JER 39 17 d4fl figs-metonymy 0 you will not be given into the hand of the men whom you fear Here “hand” refers to power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the men you fear will not harm you” or “I will not allow anyone to put you under the control of the people whom you fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 39 18 y55h figs-euphemism 0 You will not fall by the sword The sword is a metonym for dying in war. Alternate translation: “No one will kill you with their sword” or “You will not die in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 39 18 h19r 0 with your life “alive”
JER 39 18 h19r 0 with your life Alternate translation: “alive”
JER 40 intro rx94 0 # Jeremiah 40 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Peace in Judah<br><br>After Babylon conquered Jerusalem, this chapter reveals an unfolding peace in the area. Ammon, who was supposed to be Judah’s ally against Babylon, probably sought to distract Babylon from attacking them by ruining the peace in the region of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 40 1 vp76 figs-idiom 0 The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:1](../32/01.md) Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 40 1 nzv7 translate-names 0 Nebuzaradan This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 40 1 w77l figs-activepassive 0 who were being carried into exile to Babylon This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the soldiers were about to take to Babylon as exiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 40 3 p9na 0 this thing “this disaster”
JER 40 3 p9na 0 this thing Alternate translation: “this disaster”
JER 40 4 pm8f 0 But now look! Nebuzaradan says this to bring Jeremiah’s attention to the present moment.
JER 40 4 m5yi figs-metonymy 0 it is good in your eyes “Eyes” here is a metonym for what the person thinks. Alternate translation: “it is what you consider to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 40 5 zah3 0 Gedaliah … Ahikam … Shaphan These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md).
JER 40 5 cw75 0 among the people “among the Judeans”
JER 40 5 cw75 0 among the people Alternate translation: “among the Judeans”
JER 40 5 kwh6 figs-metonymy 0 it is good in your eyes “Eyes” here is a metonym for what the person thinks. Alternate translation: “it is what you consider to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 40 6 v5hd 0 who were left behind in the land “who stayed in Judah”
JER 40 6 v5hd 0 who were left behind in the land Alternate translation: “who stayed in Judah”
JER 40 7 h3c3 0 Now This marks a new part of the story.
JER 40 7 iep2 figs-activepassive 0 those who had not been exiled to Babylon This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom the enemy soldiers had not sent to Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 40 8 ug21 translate-names 0 Ishmael … Nethaniah … Johanan … Jonathan … Kareah … Seraiah … Tanhumeth … Ephai … Jaazaniah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 40 8 lt8t 0 Netophathite … Maakathite people from the regions of Netophah and Maakah
JER 40 9 a2lc 0 took an oath to them “swore to the Judean commanders”
JER 40 10 y2bg 0 Look “Listen carefully” or “Pay attention”
JER 40 10 n6bm 0 summer fruit “fruit that becomes ripe during the summer”
JER 40 9 a2lc 0 took an oath to them Alternate translation: “swore to the Judean commanders”
JER 40 10 y2bg 0 Look Alternate translation: “Listen carefully” or “Pay attention”
JER 40 10 n6bm 0 summer fruit Alternate translation: “fruit that becomes ripe during the summer”
JER 40 10 rd9k 0 you have occupied “you have taken over.” “Occupy” here is a military term. Gedaliah was talking to soldiers ([Jeremiah 40:7](../40/07.md)) who may have conquered or otherwise taken control of cities.
JER 40 11 pe3x 0 remnant of Judah “remnant of the people of Judah”
JER 40 11 d4gs 0 had appointed … over them “had put … in charge of them”
JER 40 11 pe3x 0 remnant of Judah Alternate translation: “remnant of the people of Judah”
JER 40 11 d4gs 0 had appointed … over them Alternate translation: “had put … in charge of them”
JER 40 11 gn3r 0 Gedaliah son of Ahikam son of Shaphan See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md).
JER 40 11 c3ya 0 over them “over the people of Judah”
JER 40 11 c3ya 0 over them Alternate translation: “over the people of Judah”
JER 40 12 zs8v figs-activepassive 0 where they had been scattered This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “where the Babylonians had driven them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 40 12 hny7 0 wine and summer fruit in great abundance “a huge amount of grapes and summer fruit”
JER 40 12 hny7 0 wine and summer fruit in great abundance Alternate translation: “a huge amount of grapes and summer fruit”
JER 40 12 t7ep 0 summer fruit “fruit that becomes ripe during the summer.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 40:10](../40/10.md).
JER 40 13 qk6a translate-names 0 Johanan … Kareah See how you translated these names in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 40 13 yp1p translate-names 0 Gedaliah See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -2661,7 +2661,7 @@ JER 40 14 q9l2 translate-names 0 Ahikim See how you translated this name in [Je
JER 40 15 yyw2 translate-names 0 Johanan … Kareah See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 40 15 tfj9 0 Gedaliah See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md).
JER 40 15 vk6u 0 Ishmael … Nethaniah See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/08.md).
JER 40 15 tnu5 0 No one will suspect me “No one will think that I did it”
JER 40 15 tnu5 0 No one will suspect me Alternate translation: “No one will think that I did it”
JER 40 15 l7ed figs-rquestion 0 Why should he kill you? Johanan uses a rhetorical question to try to change Gedaliah’s thinking. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not allow him to kill you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 40 15 mc43 figs-rquestion 0 Why allow all of Judah that has been gathered to you to be scattered and the remnant of Judah destroyed? Johanan uses a rhetorical question to try to get Gedaliah to think about what will happen if Gedaliah does what Gedaliah is planning to do. Alternate translation: “If you do this, all of Judah that has been gathered to you will be scattered and the remnant of Judah will be destroyed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 40 15 c9ug figs-hyperbole 0 all of Judah The word “all” is a generalization. Alternate translation: “many of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@ -2682,8 +2682,8 @@ JER 41 3 pzn9 figs-activepassive 0 the Chaldean fighting men found there This c
JER 41 4 xv5y translate-ordinal 0 the second day after The word “second” is the ordinal form of the number 2. This could mean: (1) “the day after” or (2) “two days after” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 41 5 te6l translate-numbers 0 eighty men “80 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JER 41 5 c3sk figs-metonymy 0 in their hands Having things in the hands here is probably a metaphor for carrying those things or having them in their possession. Alternate translation: “in their possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 41 5 v4qg 0 to go to Yahweh’s house “to go worship Yahweh at his temple”
JER 41 6 p4gy 0 to meet them “to meet the 80 men”
JER 41 5 v4qg 0 to go to Yahweh’s house Alternate translation: “to go worship Yahweh at his temple”
JER 41 6 p4gy 0 to meet them Alternate translation: “to meet the 80 men”
JER 41 6 n7k7 0 Then it happened This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER 41 7 iju5 0 It came about that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER 41 7 tp8u 0 Ishmael son of Nethaniah slaughtered them and threw them into a pit, he and the men who were with him It is stated it in [Jeremiah 41:8](../41/08.md) that Ishmael and his men did not kill all 80 men. You can state here that they killed most of the 80 men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael son of Nethaniah, and the men who were with him, killed most of the 80 men and threw them into a pit”
@ -2697,7 +2697,7 @@ JER 41 9 ny7m figs-synecdoche 0 Ishmael son of Nethaniah filled it Here Ishmael
JER 41 9 nw96 figs-nominaladj 0 with the dead This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “with those who were dead” or “with those they had killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER 41 10 w324 figs-synecdoche 0 Ishmael captured Here Ishmael represents himself and his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men captured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 41 10 y6nt translate-names 0 Nebuzaradan See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 41 10 rk3e 0 went to cross over to the people of Ammon “traveled towards the land of the Ammonites”
JER 41 10 rk3e 0 went to cross over to the people of Ammon Alternate translation: “traveled towards the land of the Ammonites”
JER 41 11 j1v7 figs-synecdoche 0 Ishmael son of Nethaniah Here “Ishmael” represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 41 12 pak6 figs-synecdoche 0 Ishmael son of Nethaniah … found him Here “Ishmael” represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men … found them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 41 13 a4a1 0 Then it happened that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
@ -2708,7 +2708,7 @@ JER 41 16 d9f5 figs-activepassive 0 who had been rescued This can be stated in
JER 41 16 x13r writing-background 0 This was after Ishmael had killed Gedaliah son of Ahikam The author stops the story to refer to a previous event so that the order of events are understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER 41 16 r944 0 the strong men, the fighting men These both refer to soldiers. Alternate translation: “the soldiers”
JER 41 16 j14l figs-activepassive 0 who had been rescued at Gibeon This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom they had rescued at Gibeon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 41 17 b8j8 0 they went “Johanan, his companions, and all the people they rescued went”
JER 41 17 b8j8 0 they went Alternate translation: “Johanan, his companions, and all the people they rescued went”
JER 41 17 di1c translate-names 0 Geruth Kimham This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 41 18 k3qd figs-explicit 0 because of the Chaldeans It is implied that they were afraid that the Chaldeans would attack them. Alternate translation: “because they thought the Chaldeans may attack them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 41 18 iuc2 figs-metonymy 0 in charge of the land Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “in charge of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2718,7 +2718,7 @@ JER 42 1 w479 translate-names 0 Jezaniah … Hoshaiah These are the names of me
JER 42 1 h1f8 figs-merism 0 all the people from the least to the greatest This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here “least” and “greatest” represent those who are least important and those who are most important. Alternate translation: “all the people from every social status” or “all the people, including the least important and the most important people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER 42 1 wx9l figs-hyperbole 0 all the people Most likely not every individual in the town went. The word “all” is a generalization that means very many people went. Alternate translation: “many other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 42 2 te2b figs-abstractnouns 0 Let our pleas come before you “Let us present our urgent request to you.” The abstract noun “pleas” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Listen as we plead with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 42 4 yl1b 0 Look “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 42 4 yl1b 0 Look Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 42 4 v54c figs-idiom 0 I will keep nothing back from you The phrase “keep nothing back from you” is an idiom that means to tell someone everything. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will tell you everything the Lord tells me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 42 5 tze5 0 May Yahweh be This is a way of beginning an oath. Alternate translation: “We ask Yahweh to be” or “Yahweh will be”
JER 42 5 htw1 figs-doublet 0 true and faithful Here these words share similar meanings. They describe Yahweh as a witness whom no one will be able to contradict. Alternate translation: “trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -2736,9 +2736,9 @@ JER 42 13 qi8z figs-metonymy 0 if you do not listen to my voice, the voice of Y
JER 42 14 bg9x figs-parallelism 0 where we will not see any war, where we will not hear the sound of the trumpet Both of these phrases describe being at war by the ability to see or hear it. Alternate translation: “where we will not experience the hardships of war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 42 14 n28p figs-metonymy 0 we will not go hungry for food Being hungry for food is used to describe famine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 42 15 t7ch 0 Now The word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JER 42 15 te43 0 to this word of Yahweh “to Yahweh’s message”
JER 42 15 te43 0 to this word of Yahweh Alternate translation: “to Yahweh’s message”
JER 42 15 e21x 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 42 15 cpw7 0 set out to go to “depart for” or “leave for”
JER 42 15 cpw7 0 set out to go to Alternate translation: “depart for” or “leave for”
JER 42 16 s8nw figs-metonymy 0 the sword that you fear will overtake you Here “the sword” represents war. The Israelites experiencing war even if they go to Egypt is spoken of as if the sword would chase after the people catch up with them. Alternate translation: “you will experience the terrible results of war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 42 16 pea7 figs-personification 0 The famine that you are worrying about will pursue you to Egypt The Israelites experiencing famine even in Egypt is spoken of as if famine would chase after them. Alternate translation: “You worry about famine in Israel but if you go to Egypt you will suffer from famine there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 42 17 vak7 figs-synecdoche 0 all the men who set out The men are used to refer to all the people because they are the leaders in their families. Alternate translation: “anyone who sets out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
@ -2750,7 +2750,7 @@ JER 42 18 rm4e figs-metaphor 0 in the same way my fury will be poured out on yo
JER 42 18 m8xv figs-parallelism 0 You will become an object of cursing and a horror, an object for speaking curses, and something dishonorable All of these statements mean basically the same thing and emphasize how badly the nations will treat the people of Judah after Yahweh punishes them. Alternate translation: “People will be terrified when they see what has happened to you. They will curse and mock you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 42 19 m4t7 figs-idiom 0 I have been a witness against you The phrase “been a witness against” is an idiom that means to give a warning. Alternate translation: “I have warned you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 42 20 tm47 figs-idiom 0 we will carry it out This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “we will do it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 42 21 q58d 0 you have not listened “you have not paid attention”
JER 42 21 q58d 0 you have not listened Alternate translation: “you have not paid attention”
JER 42 21 bn7i figs-metonymy 0 to the voice of Yahweh your God Here “voice” represents what Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “to what Yahweh your God commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 42 22 ewj3 0 now The word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JER 42 22 ah9a figs-metonymy 0 you will die by sword Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “you will die in warfare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2772,7 +2772,7 @@ JER 43 7 rup9 translate-names 0 Tahpanhes See how you translated the name of th
JER 43 8 p6h5 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah in Tahpanhes, saying, The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah in Tahpanhes. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah in Tahpanehs:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 43 9 i4wa figs-abstractnouns 0 in the sight of the people of Judah The abstract noun “sight” can be expressed with the verb “watching.” Alternate translation: “while the people of Judah are watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 43 9 usg5 0 mortar a substance used to hold bricks together
JER 43 9 sha8 0 to Pharaoh’s house “to Pharaoh’s royal building”
JER 43 9 sha8 0 to Pharaoh’s house Alternate translation: “to Pharaoh’s royal building”
JER 43 10 eb2l 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 43 10 uz43 figs-metonymy 0 I will place his throne over these stones that you, Jeremiah, have buried. Nebuchadnezzar will place his pavilion over them Both the king’s “throne” and “pavilion” are used to refer to his royal authority. Alternate translation: “I will cause him to rule as king over the people of Egypt. He will place his throne and pavilion over these stones you have buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 43 10 k69r 0 pavilion a very large tent
@ -2783,7 +2783,7 @@ JER 43 11 iqj5 figs-activepassive 0 Anyone who is assigned to captivity will be
JER 43 11 prf4 figs-metonymy 0 Anyone who is assigned to the sword will be given to the sword Here “sword” represents battle. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Everyone will die in battle whom I have decided will die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 43 12 fy3l figs-metonymy 0 Then I will light a fire Here “I” refers to Yahweh. This represents Yahweh sending the Babylonian army to light a fire. Alternate translation: “Then I will cause the Babylonian army to light a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 43 12 yqt6 figs-metonymy 0 Nebuchadnezzar will … He will Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s army will … They will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 43 12 nms7 0 burn them or capture them “burn the Egyptian idols or take them”
JER 43 12 nms7 0 burn them or capture them Alternate translation: “burn the Egyptian idols or take them”
JER 43 12 e3qj figs-simile 0 He will clean out the land of Egypt just as shepherds clean vermin off their clothes Taking or destroying everything in Egypt is compared to how a shepherd carefully cleans off his clothes. Alternate translation: “He will take or destroy everything valuable in Egypt just as a shepherd is careful to get every insect off of his clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 43 13 pyt4 translate-names 0 Heliopolis This is the name of a city. The name means “city of the sun.” In this city was a temple where they worshiped a sun god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 44 intro xf8j 0 # Jeremiah 44 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br><br>The people called Ashtoreth the goddess of the Canaanites, “the queen of heaven.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
@ -2794,8 +2794,8 @@ JER 44 1 jee4 0 in Upper Egypt This refers to the southern region of Egypt. It
JER 44 2 j6cn 0 Yahweh of hosts … says Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 44 2 wb58 figs-rpronouns 0 You yourselves have seen The word “yourselves” is used for emphasis to specify the people of Judea who live in the land of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER 44 2 zs94 figs-metaphor 0 all the disasters that I brought on Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah Causing disasters is spoken of as if disasters were an object that can be put on something. Alternate translation: “all the disaster that I caused to happen to Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 44 2 bjm6 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
JER 44 3 a86s 0 they did to offend me “the people of Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah did to offend me”
JER 44 2 bjm6 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
JER 44 3 a86s 0 they did to offend me Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah did to offend me”
JER 44 3 uvb1 figs-rpronouns 0 they themselves The word “themselves” is used for emphasis to specify the people of Jerusalem and the other cities of Judah. Alternate translation: “the people from the ruined cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER 44 4 jwn6 0 So I repeatedly sent The word “I” refers to Yahweh.
JER 44 5 a6zd figs-metaphor 0 or turn from their wickedness in burning incense to other gods To stop doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. Alternate translation: “or to stop behaving wickedly by burning incense to other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2808,7 +2808,7 @@ JER 44 7 gez9 figs-rquestion 0 Why are you doing … yourselves? Why are you ca
JER 44 7 mnr5 figs-abstractnouns 0 Why are you doing great wickedness against yourselves? The abstract noun “wickedness” can be stated as “wicked.” Alternate translation: “Why are you doing these wicked things that harm yourselves?” or “You are doing wicked things that cause terrible things to happen to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 44 7 n4fj figs-metaphor 0 Why are you causing yourselves to be cut off from among Judah … and babies? Being separated from the people of Judah is spoken of as if the people are cut off from Judah the way a person may cut off a branch from a vine or cut off a piece of cloth. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Why are you causing me to remove you from the people of Judah … and babies?” or “You are causing me to remove you from the people of Judah … and babies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 44 8 prs6 figs-abstractnouns 0 By your wickedness you have offended me with the deeds of your hands The abstract noun “wickedness” represents actions that are “wicked.” Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “You have offended me with the wicked things you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 44 8 bqw9 0 You have gone there so that … so that “The result of going to Egypt is that … and that”
JER 44 8 bqw9 0 You have gone there so that … so that Alternate translation: “The result of going to Egypt is that … and that”
JER 44 8 d96k figs-activepassive 0 you will be destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will cause me to destroy you” or “you will destroy yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 44 8 qgd6 figs-metonymy 0 you will be a curse and a reproach among all the nations of the earth Here “nations” represent the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of all the nations of the earth will curse you and hate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 44 9 zk7z figs-rquestion 0 Have you forgotten the wickedness committed by your ancestors and the wickedness committed by the kings of Judah and their wives? Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about the wicked behavior of their ancestors and how Yahweh punished them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Think about what happened to your ancestors and the kings of Judah and their wives when they did wicked things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2818,14 +2818,14 @@ JER 44 10 ai8e figs-123person 0 they still are not humbled “the people of Jud
JER 44 10 a4hl figs-metaphor 0 nor do they walk in them Obeying the laws is spoken of as if it were walking in the laws. Alternate translation: “nor do they obey them” or “nor do you obey them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 44 11 ppb1 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 44 11 vc6r figs-idiom 0 I am about to set my face against you This idiom means he “firmly decided.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 21:10](../21/10.md). Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind to oppose you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 44 11 j5gg 0 set my face against “stare angrily at”
JER 44 11 j5gg 0 set my face against Alternate translation: “stare angrily at”
JER 44 11 is79 figs-metaphor 0 to bring disaster to you Causing disaster to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that can be brought to someone. Alternate translation: “to cause disaster to happen to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 44 12 t7mn figs-idiom 0 They will fall by sword and famine Here “fall” means to die. And “sword” represents the enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Enemies will kill some of them and others will die of hunger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 44 12 pmr4 figs-merism 0 From the least to the greatest This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here “least” and “greatest” represent those who are least important and those who are most important. Alternate translation: “all the people from every social status” or “all the people, including the least important and the most important people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER 44 12 t4e4 0 will become an object of swearing, cursing, reproaching, and a horrible thing “people will be horrified because of what happened to the people of Judah, and people will mock and curse them”
JER 44 12 t4e4 0 will become an object of swearing, cursing, reproaching, and a horrible thing Alternate translation: “people will be horrified because of what happened to the people of Judah, and people will mock and curse them”
JER 44 13 yvm2 figs-metonymy 0 I punished Jerusalem Here “Jerusalem” represents the people. Alternate translation: “I punished the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 44 13 xt2p figs-metonymy 0 with the sword, with famine, and with the plague Here “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “by causing enemies to kill some of them, others to starve to death, and others to die because of disease” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 44 15 e1fj 0 in the great assembly “in the large crowd”
JER 44 15 e1fj 0 in the great assembly Alternate translation: “in the large crowd”
JER 44 15 ql9v 0 Lower … Egypt “Lower Egypt” refers to the northern region of Egypt.
JER 44 15 a1sx 0 Upper Egypt This refers to the southern region of Egypt. It is sometime called “Pathros.”
JER 44 16 k3bm figs-metonymy 0 About the word that you have told us in Yahweh’s name—we will not listen to you Here “in Yahweh’s name” means “in Yahweh’s authority” or “as Yahweh’s representative.” Alternate translation: “We will not obey this message that you say Yahweh told you to tell us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2839,7 +2839,7 @@ JER 44 19 dne8 figs-rquestion 0 was it against our husbands that we did these t
JER 44 19 ec3w 0 cakes in her image These were probably small cakes shaped like stars or the crescent moon.
JER 44 21 qc2v figs-rquestion 0 Did not Yahweh remember … of the land? Jeremiah uses a question to scold the people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh certainly knew about … of the land.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 44 21 ir8d figs-parallelism 0 For Yahweh calls this to mind; it comes to his thoughts Both of these phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that Yahweh knows that the people were worshiping false gods. Alternate translation: “Yes, Yahweh knows what you were doing, and he does not forget” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 44 22 a6w5 0 was no longer able to bear it “was no longer able to tolerate it”
JER 44 22 a6w5 0 was no longer able to bear it Alternate translation: “was no longer able to tolerate it”
JER 44 22 t1fz figs-abstractnouns 0 because of the abominations that you did The abstract noun “abominations” can be stated as “things he hated.” Alternate translation: “because you did things that he hated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 44 22 x1jw figs-abstractnouns 0 Then your land became a desolation, a horror, and a curse so there was no longer an inhabitant as at this present day This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “a desolation,” “a horror,” and “a curse.” Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh caused it so that no one lives in the land. He made it a desolate and horrifying place. People use its name to curse others. And this is how it is even to this day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 44 23 z7ak figs-explicit 0 burned incense Why people burn incense can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “burned incense to false gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -2847,7 +2847,7 @@ JER 44 23 m5km figs-metonymy 0 you would not listen to his voice Here “voice
JER 44 24 lr74 figs-metonymy 0 all of Judah Here “Judah” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 44 25 q7r5 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 44 25 rst9 figs-synecdoche 0 have said with your mouths and carried out with your hands what you said Here “mouths” and “hands” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “have done what you promised to do when you said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 44 25 nwz1 0 carry out the vows “fulfill the vows” or “complete the vows”
JER 44 25 nwz1 0 carry out the vows Alternate translation: “fulfill the vows” or “complete the vows”
JER 44 25 lq9t figs-irony 0 Now fulfill your vows; carry them out This is an ironic statement. Yahweh does not really want them to fulfill their vow to a false goddess. Yahweh knows they will not listen to him so he tells them to go ahead and do what they want. Alternate translation: “Very well! If that is what you want to do, then go fulfill your vows and do what you promised to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER 44 25 vw9i 0 Now The word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JER 44 26 vwq1 figs-metonymy 0 all of Judah Here “Judah” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2857,7 +2857,7 @@ JER 44 27 c948 figs-hyperbole 0 Every person of Judah in the land of Egypt will
JER 44 28 ar61 figs-metonymy 0 Then the survivors of the sword Here “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Then those whom the enemies do not kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 44 29 vj4v figs-idiom 0 I am setting against you This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I am opposed to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 44 29 g448 figs-personification 0 my words will certainly attack you with disaster Yahweh causing disaster on the people as he promised is spoken of as if his word would attack them. Alternate translation: “what I have said will happen and you will have a disaster” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 44 30 wm1f 0 Look “Listen” or “Pay attention”
JER 44 30 wm1f 0 Look Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention”
JER 44 30 fk1y figs-metonymy 0 I am about to give Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies and into the hand of those who seek to kill him Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I will allow the enemies who want to kill Pharaoh Hophra, the king of Egypt, to defeat him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 44 30 k1p8 translate-names 0 Hophra This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 44 30 sf5s figs-metonymy 0 when I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, his enemy who sought his life Here “hand” represents power or control. And, Nebuchadnezzar represents his whole army. The phrase “sought his life” is an idiom that means to want to kill someone. Alternate translation: “when I allowed the army of Nebuchadnezzar to defeat Zedekiah king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -2865,12 +2865,12 @@ JER 45 intro m5sy 0 # Jeremiah 45 General Notes<br>## Structure and formattin
JER 45 1 n8gv 0 this was in the fourth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah This information can be placed at the beginning of 45:1 as in the UST.
JER 45 1 uid7 figs-ellipsis 0 in the fourth year of Jehoiakim The words “of the rule” are understood. Alternate translation: “in the fourth year of the rule of Jehoiakim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 45 1 d24t translate-ordinal 0 fourth year The word “fourth” is the ordinal form of the number four. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 45 1 w799 0 he said “Jeremiah said to Baruch”
JER 45 3 vg45 0 for Yahweh has added agony to my pain “for I was already suffering and now Yahweh causes me to be sad as well”
JER 45 1 w799 0 he said Alternate translation: “Jeremiah said to Baruch”
JER 45 3 vg45 0 for Yahweh has added agony to my pain Alternate translation: “for I was already suffering and now Yahweh causes me to be sad as well”
JER 45 3 jwx7 figs-abstractnouns 0 My groaning has wearied me The abstract noun “groaning” can be stated as “cry.” Alternate translation: “I am tired because I cry so much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 45 4 sdw1 0 This is what you must say to him Yahweh is telling Jeremiah what to say to Baruch.
JER 45 5 jtj1 figs-rquestion 0 But are you hoping for great things for yourself? Yahweh uses a question to state that he knows Baruch is hoping for others to treat him in a special way. Alternate translation: “I know you hope for great things for yourself.” or “I know you hope others will honor you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 45 5 m1dh 0 For see “For understand” or “Be aware”
JER 45 5 m1dh 0 For see Alternate translation: “For understand” or “Be aware”
JER 45 5 n1jc figs-metaphor 0 your life as your plunder everywhere you will go Allowing Baruch to escape and remain alive is spoken of as if his life were plunder that he would take after a battle. Alternate translation: “but wherever you go, I will protect you and allow you to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 45 5 a5tu 0 plunder things stolen from a place by force
JER 46 intro ul65 0 # Jeremiah 46 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 46:3-12, 14-24.<br><br>This begins a section where Jeremiah prophesies about other nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Justice<br>Much of Jeremiah is concerned with Yahweh’s punishment of Judah. Yahweh used Egypt to punish Judah. Because Yahweh is just, he is going to punish Egypt for their evil deeds as well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Battle preparations<br>Jeremiah commands the Egyptian army to prepare for battle, even though they will not be able to defend themselves. Their punishment has already been determined by Yahweh.
@ -2919,14 +2919,14 @@ JER 46 14 qy9a translate-names 0 Memphis … Tahpanhes Translate the names of t
JER 46 14 b4vr figs-metonymy 0 the sword will devour those around you The word “sword” here represents soldiers carrying weapons. The enemy soliders killing people is spoken of as if their swords were devouring people. Alternate translation: “your enemies will kill people all around you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 46 15 a8tg 0 Why are your mighty ones face-down on the ground? They will not stand Some Bibles translate this as “Why has Apis fled? Why did your bull not stand?” Apis was an Egyptian god that was represented by the form of a bull. The bull is often a symbol for strength. That is why the ULT and other versions of the Bible translate this as “strong ones” or “mighty ones,” which refers to soldiers.
JER 46 15 i1pz figs-rquestion 0 Why are your mighty ones face-down on the ground? They will not stand Yahweh uses a question to mock the strength of the Egyptian soldiers. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your soldiers are face-down on the ground and will not stand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 46 16 a5tm 0 He increases the numbers of those who stumble “Yahweh causes more and more of your soldiers to stumble”
JER 46 16 a5tm 0 He increases the numbers of those who stumble Alternate translation: “Yahweh causes more and more of your soldiers to stumble”
JER 46 16 c7x1 figs-metonymy 0 Let us leave this sword that is beating us down Here “sword” represents the enemy soldiers who are carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Let us run away from our enemies because they are killing us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 46 17 bd2w 0 They proclaimed there This could mean: (1) “they” refers to people in general who are in Egypt or (2) “they” refers to the foreign soldiers who are fleeing to their native lands of Cush, Put, and Lud.
JER 46 17 kv5n figs-idiom 0 Pharaoh the king of Egypt is only a noise, one who has let his opportunity slip away These two phrases are saying that the nation of Egypt has become of little importance. The phrase “only a noise” is an idiom that means a person says he will do something but he does not do it. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh brags much but cannot do what he brags he will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 46 18 a2ci figs-123person 0 declares the King Here “King” refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “this is what I, the King, declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 46 18 gmj6 figs-simile 0 someone will come like Mount Tabor and Mount Carmel by the sea This refers to the nation of Babylon who will be as overwhelming to the nation of Egypt as the these two mountains are to the plains that surround them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 46 18 t2bs translate-names 0 Mount Tabor This is the name of a mountain in the northern part of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 46 19 n24i 0 Pack for yourselves baggage to carry into exile “Prepare to go into exile”
JER 46 19 n24i 0 Pack for yourselves baggage to carry into exile Alternate translation: “Prepare to go into exile”
JER 46 20 nf61 figs-metaphor 0 Egypt is a very beautiful young cow The nation of Egypt, which was very strong and prosperous, is spoken of as if it were a beautiful young cow. Alternate translation: “Egypt is like a very beautiful heifer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 46 20 pcx7 figs-metaphor 0 but a stinging insect The enemy army coming to attack the Egyptians is spoken of as if the army were an insect that stings. Alternate translation: “but a powerful army like a stinging insect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 46 21 duz9 figs-simile 0 soldiers in her midst are like a fattened bull The writer compares soldiers to “fattened bulls” because the soldiers are well cared for by the Egyptians just as a farmer takes care of a bull and makes it fat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -2946,7 +2946,7 @@ JER 46 26 pq89 figs-metonymy 0 I am giving them into the hand of the ones seeki
JER 46 26 n18z figs-metonymy 0 and into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his servants Here “hand” represents power or control. “Nebuchadnezzar … his servants” names specifically “the ones seeking their lives.” Alternate translation: “that is, I will allow Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his servants to defeat the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 46 26 zb51 figs-activepassive 0 Then after this Egypt will be inhabited This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then after this, people will live in Egypt again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 46 27 cfi7 figs-parallelism 0 my servant Jacob, do not fear. Do not be dismayed, Israel These two phrases mean the same thing. Here “Jacob” and “Israel” represent the people of Israel. Yahweh is emphasizing that the people should not be afraid. Alternate translation: “people of Israel, my servants, do not be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 46 27 n8yh 0 from the land of their captivity “from the land where they are captives”
JER 46 27 n8yh 0 from the land of their captivity Alternate translation: “from the land where they are captives”
JER 46 28 r2ij figs-abstractnouns 0 I will bring complete destruction against all the nations The abstract noun “destruction” can be stated using the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy all the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 46 28 h92x figs-doublenegatives 0 will certainly not leave you unpunished This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will certainly punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JER 47 intro y84e 0 # Jeremiah 47 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 47:2-7.<br><br>Jeremiah’s prophesies about other nations continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Flood waters<br>This chapter uses the imagery of a flood to describe the enemies who conquer the Philistines. Their destruction will be swift and complete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2982,7 +2982,7 @@ JER 48 1 b21z translate-names 0 Nebo This is the name of a city near Mount Nebo
JER 48 1 vv99 figs-metonymy 0 Kiriathaim has been humiliated Here “Kiriathaim has been humiliated” represents the people being humiliated. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy has captured the city of Kiriathaim and humiliated the people who live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 1 e7lp translate-names 0 Kiriathaim This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 1 w4q3 figs-metonymy 0 Her fortress has been disgraced Here “fortress has been disgraced” represents the people being disgraced. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy has destroyed the fortress in Kiriathaim and disgraced its people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 2 f8nr 0 The honor of Moab is no more “People no longer honor Moab” or “People no longer praise Moab”
JER 48 2 f8nr 0 The honor of Moab is no more Alternate translation: “People no longer honor Moab” or “People no longer praise Moab”
JER 48 2 hq3s translate-names 0 Heshbon This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 2 dmn9 translate-names 0 Madmen will also perish “Madmen” here is a town in Moab. The name of the city has nothing to do with the English word “madmen.” Alternate translation: “Their enemies will destroy the city of Madmen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 2 ie7u figs-metonymy 0 a sword will go after you Here “sword” represents the enemy army carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “your enemies will chase after you and kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2996,7 +2996,7 @@ JER 48 5 cpt9 figs-abstractnouns 0 because of the destruction The abstract noun
JER 48 6 lhh3 0 Save your lives The word “your” refers to the people of Moab.
JER 48 6 kv9q figs-simile 0 become like a juniper bush in the wilderness The people fleeing from their cities into the desert is compared to a bush or shrub that grows in the desert. Alternate translation: “become like a shrub that grows in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JER 48 7 gkg1 figs-abstractnouns 0 because of your trust The abstract noun “trust” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “because you trusted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 48 7 z18z 0 in your practices “in your own efforts” or “in your own work”
JER 48 7 z18z 0 in your practices Alternate translation: “in your own efforts” or “in your own work”
JER 48 7 v42e figs-activepassive 0 you also will be captured This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemy army will also capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 7 x4hy translate-names 0 Then Chemosh will go away into captivity “Chemosh” is the chief god of the Moabites. This means the enemy army will take the idol of Chemosh that the people made to worship. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will take your god Chemosh as a captive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 48 8 uxi3 figs-explicit 0 For the destroyer will come to every city Here “the destroyer” represents the enemy army. Alternate translation: “For the enemy army will come to every city and destroy it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -3007,7 +3007,7 @@ JER 48 9 eq9z 0 Give wings to Moab, for she must certainly fly away The transl
JER 48 10 c5zb figs-metonymy 0 from shedding blood Here “blood” represents a person’s life. And “shedding blood” is an idiom that means to kill. Alternate translation: “from killing people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 48 11 lvs4 figs-personification 0 Moab has felt secure since he was young … He is … his wine … He has never gone … he tastes … his flavor Here Yahweh speaks of Moab as if it were a man. Here it represents the people of Moab. All occurrences of “he” and “his” can be stated as “they,” “their,” or “them.” Alternate translation: “Even from their earliest times, the people of Moab have felt secure … They are … their wine … They have never gone … they tastes … their flavor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 48 11 tpx9 figs-explicit 0 He is like his wine that has never been poured from pot to pot For wine to taste good, it has to be left undisturbed for a long time and not poured from one pot to another. Yahweh compares the people of Moab, who are prosperous because no one has ever conquered them and taken them as captives, to wine that is undisturbed and has a good flavor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 48 12 mt13 0 So see, the days are coming “Listen carefully because there will be a time”
JER 48 12 mt13 0 So see, the days are coming Alternate translation: “Listen carefully because there will be a time”
JER 48 12 p3kf figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 48 12 z48t figs-metaphor 0 I will send him those who will tip him over and pour out all his pots and shatter his jars The enemy army defeating the people of Moab and taking them as captives is spoken of as if the people of Moab are wine and someone will come and pour them out and break the wine jars. Alternate translation: “I will send an army that will destroy them as if they were pouring out wine and breaking the jars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 48 12 nky7 figs-personification 0 send him … tip him over … his pots … his jars Here Yahweh speaks of Moab as if it were a man. Here it represents the people of Moab. All occurrences of “he,” “his,” and “him” in 48:11-12 can be stated as “they,” “their,” or “them.” Alternate translation: “send them … tip them over … their pots … their jars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -3024,11 +3024,11 @@ JER 48 16 u5tf figs-metaphor 0 calamity is hurrying quickly Something terrible
JER 48 17 l1hb figs-metonymy 0 the strong staff, the honored rod, has been broken Here the words “staff” and “rod” represent the power and political support that Moab provided to other nations. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Moab’s enemies have ended her great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 18 f8bi figs-metaphor 0 you daughter living in Dibon The people of Dibon are spoken of as if they were the daughter of Dibon. Alternate translation: “you people living in Dibon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 48 18 l7bv translate-names 0 Dibon This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 18 y9wk 0 the one who will destroy Moab “the enemy army that will destroy Moab”
JER 48 18 y9wk 0 the one who will destroy Moab Alternate translation: “the enemy army that will destroy Moab”
JER 48 19 l7di translate-names 0 Aroer This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 19 vrl3 0 Ask the ones “Ask the people” or “Ask the men and women”
JER 48 19 vrl3 0 Ask the ones Alternate translation: “Ask the people” or “Ask the men and women”
JER 48 20 zk9c figs-metonymy 0 Moab has been shamed, for it has been shattered Here “Moab” represents the people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people are disgraced, for the enemy army has destroyed Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 20 lmj3 0 Howl and lament “Cry loudly in pain and anger”
JER 48 20 lmj3 0 Howl and lament Alternate translation: “Cry loudly in pain and anger”
JER 48 20 zl7d figs-activepassive 0 that Moab has been devastated This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the enemy army has devastated Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 21 m1zb figs-activepassive 0 punishment has come to the hill country, to Holon … Mephaath Yahweh punishing the people of the hill country and cities of Moab is spoken of as if punishment were something that could travel and arrive in a place. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will punish the people of the hill country, of Holon … Mephaath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 21 wa5a translate-names 0 Holon, Jahzah, and Mephaath These are cities in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -3038,7 +3038,7 @@ JER 48 25 b8p9 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of
JER 48 26 r5qs figs-imperative 0 Make him drunk, because he acted proudly against Yahweh Yahweh is speaking. The command “Make him drunk” indicates what Yahweh will cause to happen. Here “him” and “he” refers to Moab which represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, will cause the people of Moab to be drunk, for they acted proudly against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 48 26 v6it figs-metaphor 0 Make him drunk Here people experiencing Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if they were drunk on wine, acting foolishly so that people laugh at them. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to be like a drunk person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 48 26 lx5w figs-metaphor 0 Let Moab wallow in his vomit … an object of ridicule Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Moab as if they were a drunk person. Alternate translation: “Now the people of Moab will be like a person who wallows in his vomit … an object of ridicule (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 48 26 ln6t 0 let him be an object of ridicule “so that people will laugh at him”
JER 48 26 ln6t 0 let him be an object of ridicule Alternate translation: “so that people will laugh at him”
JER 48 27 hq3z figs-rquestion 0 For did not Israel become an object for laughter to you? Yahweh uses a question to remind the people of Moab how they treated the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “For you used to mock and laugh at the people of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 48 27 j56c figs-metonymy 0 Israel … Was he found … at him … about him Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel … Were they found … at them … about them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 48 27 ft2u figs-rquestion 0 Was he found among thieves, so that you shook your head … about him? Here Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the people of Moab for treating the people of Israel with shame though they did nothing wrong. Alternate translation: “Although they were not thieves, you still shook your head … about him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -3059,9 +3059,9 @@ JER 48 31 be4l translate-names 0 Kir Hareseth This is the name of the old capit
JER 48 32 xbx7 translate-names 0 Jazer … Sibmah These are the names of two towns in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 32 xk3l figs-metaphor 0 vine of Sibmah! Your branches passed … your wine The town of Sibmah had many vineyards. Here, Yahweh speaks to the people of Sibmah as if there were a grapevine. Alternate translation: “people of Sibmah, who are like a grapevine with branches that passed … your wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 48 32 z5h3 figs-metaphor 0 The destroyers have attacked your summer fruit and your wine Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Sibmah as if they were a grapevine. Alternate translation: “The destroyers have attacked you and have taken the fruit from your vineyards and your wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 48 32 lk5n 0 The destroyers have “The enemy army has”
JER 48 32 lk5n 0 The destroyers have Alternate translation: “The enemy army has”
JER 48 33 kv8p figs-abstractnouns 0 So celebration and rejoicing have been taken away from the fruit trees and the land of Moab The abstract nouns “celebration” and “rejoicing” can be stated as verbs. The phrase “have been taken away” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab will no longer celebrate and rejoice because of their fruit trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 33 fn4p 0 I have put an end to the wine from their winepresses “I have stopped the wine from their winepresses” or “I have stopped the people from making wine”
JER 48 33 fn4p 0 I have put an end to the wine from their winepresses Alternate translation: “I have stopped the wine from their winepresses” or “I have stopped the people from making wine”
JER 48 33 u8yw 0 I have put an end Here “I” refers to Yahweh.
JER 48 33 db16 figs-explicit 0 They will not tread The wine makers would stomp on the grapes to squeeze out the juice. Alternate translation: “The wine makers will not stomp the grapes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 48 34 hx1i translate-names 0 Heshbon Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -3074,7 +3074,7 @@ JER 48 36 b311 translate-names 0 Kir Hareseth Kir Hareseth was an ancient capit
JER 48 37 mzh2 translate-symaction 0 For every head is bald and every beard shaved. Incisions are on every hand, and sackcloth is around their waists These are all things that the people of Moab did when they were mourning or expressing deep sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 48 37 t4g3 0 Incisions cuts made on the skin
JER 48 38 yc69 figs-abstractnouns 0 There is mourning everywhere The abstract noun “mourning” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “There are people mourning everywhere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 48 38 vhp3 0 every flat roof “every housetop”
JER 48 38 vhp3 0 every flat roof Alternate translation: “every housetop”
JER 48 38 k4ve 0 plazas open public areas, such as open marketplaces
JER 48 38 x6fh 0 For I have destroyed The word “I” refers to Yahweh
JER 48 38 aj4j figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -3104,7 +3104,7 @@ JER 48 46 dpj3 0 Chemosh This is the chief god of the Moabites. See how you tr
JER 48 46 k4g8 figs-activepassive 0 your sons are taken as captives and your daughters into captivity This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemy army has taken your sons and daughters as captives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 47 b2it 0 I will restore the fortunes of Moab “I will cause things to go well for Moab again” or “I will cause Moab to live well again.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
JER 48 47 ei27 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 48 47 i5t1 0 The judgment on Moab ends here “That is the end of what Jeremiah prophesied about Moab”
JER 48 47 i5t1 0 The judgment on Moab ends here Alternate translation: “That is the end of what Jeremiah prophesied about Moab”
JER 49 intro t6np 0 # Jeremiah 49 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 49:1-11, 14-27, 29-33, 37-39 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are part of a long quotation.<br><br>Jeremiah’s prophesies about other nations conclude in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Covenant with Abraham<br>Ammon is destroyed because it drove the people of the tribe of Gad from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham’s descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br>### Rhetorical questions<br>There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these rhetorical questions is to convict those Yahweh addresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 49 1 q42f writing-poetry 0 General Information: See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
JER 49 1 tz36 0 Yahweh says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
@ -3116,7 +3116,7 @@ JER 49 2 i8qt figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of
JER 49 2 jfb2 figs-metaphor 0 when I will sound the signal for battle Yahweh causing an army to attack is spoken of as if he would sound the signal for the battle to start. Alternate translation: “when I will cause the enemy army to sound the signal for battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 2 cl24 0 its villages will be set on fire This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemy army will burn their villages”
JER 49 2 p4ct figs-metonymy 0 For Israel will possess those who possessed him Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. “Those” refers to people of Ammon, who represent the land that they took from Israel. Alternate translation: “Then the people of Israel will again possess the land that the people of Ammon took away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 3 ve5q 0 Howl in lament “Cry loudly and weep”
JER 49 3 ve5q 0 Howl in lament Alternate translation: “Cry loudly and weep”
JER 49 3 ywk1 translate-names 0 Heshbon Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/02.md). Here “Heshbon” represents the people. Alternate translation: “people of Heshbon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 3 kfc8 figs-activepassive 0 for Ai will be devastated This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for your enemies will devastate Ai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 49 3 bf53 figs-metaphor 0 daughters of Rabbah This could mean: (1) “daughters” represent the women who live in Rabbah. Alternate translation: “women of Rabbah” or (2) all the people in general are spoken of as if they are the daughters of Rabbah. Alternate translation: “people of Rabbah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -3141,16 +3141,16 @@ JER 49 9 rj8q figs-rquestion 0 If grape harvesters … would they not leave a l
JER 49 9 j7jl figs-rquestion 0 If thieves … would they not steal only as much as they wanted? Yahweh uses a question to cause the people to think about how thieves only take what they want. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “If thieves … they would only take as much as they wanted.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 49 10 fyc2 figs-metaphor 0 But I have stripped Esau bare Yahweh causing an enemy army to come and take everything is spoken of as if Yahweh stripped all the clothes off of Esau. Alternate translation: “But I have sent an army to take everything away from Esau” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 10 sn3n figs-metonymy 0 Esau … his hiding … he will not … hide himself … His children … he is gone Here “Esau” represents the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom … their hiding … they will not … hide themselves … Their children … they are gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 10 i22l 0 I have revealed his hiding places “I have made known to the enemy soldiers where the people of Edom hide”
JER 49 10 i22l 0 I have revealed his hiding places Alternate translation: “I have made known to the enemy soldiers where the people of Edom hide”
JER 49 12 z547 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom.
JER 49 12 l9lp 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 49 12 l9lp 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 49 12 auj9 figs-metonymy 0 must certainly drink some of the cup … for you will certainly drink Here “the cup” is a metonym that represents the contents in the cup that the people must drink. The people experiencing Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if Yahweh’s punishment were liquid in a cup and the people must drink it. Alternate translation: “must certainly experience my punishment … for you will certainly experience my punishment” or “I will certainly still punish … for I will certainly punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 12 h58s figs-rquestion 0 Do you yourself think you will go without punishment? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize the people of Edom have sinned and will certainly be punished. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly, you must be aware that you will personally experience my punishment for your sins.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 49 12 fb4j figs-you 0 you yourself The words “you” and “yourself” refer to Edom, which represents the people of Edom. The word “yourself” is used to draw attention to the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “you yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER 49 13 g6tz figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 49 13 g35q figs-abstractnouns 0 Bozrah will become a horror, a disgrace, a devastation, and an object for cursing The abstract nouns “a horror,” “a disgrace,” and “a devastation” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “People will be horrified when they see that the city of Bozrah is devastated. And they will mock the city and use its name when they curse others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 49 13 u174 translate-names 0 Bozrah This is the name of a city in Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 49 13 d9vp 0 All of its cities “All of Edom’s cities”
JER 49 13 d9vp 0 All of its cities Alternate translation: “All of Edom’s cities”
JER 49 14 ly1e 0 General Information: Jeremiah is now speaking to the people of Edom.
JER 49 14 h7yn 0 I have heard The word “I” refers to Jeremiah.
JER 49 14 vb6a figs-activepassive 0 a messenger has been sent out This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has sent out a messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -3170,22 +3170,22 @@ JER 49 17 hj17 figs-abstractnouns 0 Edom will become a horror to everyone passi
JER 49 17 n5jw translate-symaction 0 tremble and hiss The word “hiss” refers to a sound that shows horror or awe. Alternate translation: “shake from fear and gasp” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 49 18 ihe5 figs-parallelism 0 no one will live there; no person will stay there Yahweh says the same thing twice to emphasize that Edom will be completely uninhabited. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 49 19 et9f 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom.
JER 49 19 f4y5 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
JER 49 19 f4y5 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
JER 49 19 r4k5 figs-simile 0 he will go up like a lion from the forests of the Jordan to the green pasturelands This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “When I punish the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of forest and attacks sheep in the pasture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 49 19 k55q 0 pasturelands This is land covered with grass where animals feed on the grass.
JER 49 19 yjn4 figs-metonymy 0 Edom run from it Here “Edom” represents the people. “It” refers to the land. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom will run from their land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 19 c4yq figs-activepassive 0 who will be chosen This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom I will choose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 49 19 l6pt figs-rquestion 0 For who is like me, and who will summon me? Yahweh uses the question to emphasize that no one is like him. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “For no one is like me, no one can summon me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 49 19 j5u5 0 who will summon me “who will challenge me” or “who will call me to account”
JER 49 19 j5u5 0 who will summon me Alternate translation: “who will challenge me” or “who will call me to account”
JER 49 19 y36a figs-rquestion 0 What shepherd is able to resist me? Yahweh uses the question to show no one can defeat him. Here “shepherd” is a metaphor for “king” or “ruler.” This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “No king is able to resist me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 20 kqc2 0 the inhabitants of Teman “the people who live in Teman”
JER 49 20 kqc2 0 the inhabitants of Teman Alternate translation: “the people who live in Teman”
JER 49 20 yyc7 0 Teman Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 49:7](../49/07.md).
JER 49 20 x5ym figs-metaphor 0 They will certainly be dragged away, even the smallest flock This continues speaking of Yahweh punishing the people of Edom as if he would come like a lion and attack the sheep. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will drag them away, even the smallest flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 49 20 k44h figs-metaphor 0 even the smallest flock Here the youngest and weakest people of Edom are spoken of as if they are the smallest flock of sheep. Alternate translation: “even the weakest and the smallest people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 20 qbe4 figs-metaphor 0 Their pasturelands will be turned into ruined places Here the land of Edom is spoken of as if it were pasturelands for flocks. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will turn their pasturelands into ruined places” or “He will completely get rid of the people who live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 49 21 c9gl figs-metaphor 0 At the sound of their falling the earth shakes The loud sound of Edom being destroyed is spoken of as if Edom were a large object that shakes the earth when it falls. Alternate translation: “When enemies come and destroy Edom, the noise will be extremely loud, with the result that the earth will shake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 21 mw81 figs-activepassive 0 The sound of distressed shouts is heard at the Sea of Reeds This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People at the Sea of Reeds will hear the people of Edom crying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 49 22 u1u7 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 49 22 u1u7 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 49 22 u5hd figs-simile 0 someone will attack like an eagle, and swoop down and spread his wings This simile means that when the enemy army attacks it will be vicious and unexpected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 49 22 fk85 translate-names 0 Bozrah Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:24](../48/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 49 22 u2ir figs-metonymy 0 the hearts of Edom’s soldiers will become like the heart of a woman in birth labor Here “hearts” represent a person’s emotions. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 48:41](../48/41.md). Alternate translation: “Edom’s soldiers will be afraid like a woman about to give birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -3204,7 +3204,7 @@ JER 49 26 b744 0 its The word “its” refers to Damascus and its people.
JER 49 26 p99r figs-metaphor 0 its young men will fall in its plazas They young men being killed is spoken of as if they will fall. Alternate translation: “enemies will kill the young men of Damascus in its plazas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 26 sd8d figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 49 27 zq53 figs-metonymy 0 I will light a fire Causing the enemy army to light a fire is spoken of as if Yahweh will light the fire. Alternate translation: “I will cause the enemy army to light a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 27 xw47 0 it will devour “the fire will completely burn up”
JER 49 27 xw47 0 it will devour Alternate translation: “the fire will completely burn up”
JER 49 27 ghf4 translate-names 0 Ben Hadad This the name or title of the king of Damascus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 49 28 vn4c 0 General Information: Jeremiah speaks about what will happen to Kedar.
JER 49 28 xl4r translate-names 0 Kedar This is the name of a land far to the east of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:10](../02/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -3216,9 +3216,9 @@ JER 49 29 mdi2 figs-activepassive 0 their camels will be led away from them Thi
JER 49 29 hri3 0 men will shout to them, “Terror is on every side!” This could mean: (1) these are men being attacked by the enemy. Alternate translation: “men will shout, ‘We are terrified because terrible things are happening all around us!’” or (2) these are soldiers in the invading army. Alternate translation: “soldiers will shout at them, ‘Be afraid because we are all around you!’”
JER 49 30 p7ww 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor.
JER 49 30 a8sg 0 Flee! Wander … Turn back! Here Yahweh is speaking to the people of Kedar.
JER 49 30 dpv9 0 inhabitants of Hazor “people who live in Hazor”
JER 49 30 dpv9 0 inhabitants of Hazor Alternate translation: “people who live in Hazor”
JER 49 30 f53n figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 49 30 l16w 0 devised a plan “made a plan”
JER 49 30 l16w 0 devised a plan Alternate translation: “made a plan”
JER 49 31 dyc3 figs-apostrophe 0 Arise! Attack … themselves Here Yahweh is speaking to Nebuchadnezzar as if he was there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER 49 31 qnr3 figs-metonymy 0 Attack the nation at ease, that lives in safety Here “nation” represents the people living there. Alternate translation: “Attack this nation, whose people feel safe and secure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 31 hxk3 0 They … them The words “They” and “them” refer to the people who feel safe and secure.
@ -3232,7 +3232,7 @@ JER 49 33 u8xq figs-parallelism 0 No one will live there; no human being will s
JER 49 34 z9k4 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking about what will happen to Elam.
JER 49 34 iy32 figs-idiom 0 This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 49 35 gga5 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 49 35 f1xj 0 I am about to break the bowmen of Elam, the main part of their power “The archers made Elam very powerful, but I will stop them”
JER 49 35 f1xj 0 I am about to break the bowmen of Elam, the main part of their power Alternate translation: “The archers made Elam very powerful, but I will stop them”
JER 49 35 phc1 0 bowmen men who are skilled with a bow and arrows
JER 49 36 k5pp figs-idiom 0 I will bring the four winds from the four corners of the heavens Here “four winds from the four corners” is an idiom that represents wind blowing from every direction. Alternate translation: “I will cause the winds to blow from every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 49 36 p5sx figs-metaphor 0 I will bring the four winds from the four corners of the heavens Here “winds” represents nations. And the nations are a synecdoche representing the armies from those nations. Causing armies to come from all directions is spoken of as if Yahweh will cause wind to blow from all directions Alternate translation: “I will bring your enemies from every direction to attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -3245,14 +3245,14 @@ JER 49 37 e227 figs-metaphor 0 those who seek their lives Seeking a person’s
JER 49 37 l2b9 figs-metaphor 0 I will bring disaster against them Yahweh causing people to experience disaster is spoken of as if he would bring disaster against them. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to experience disaster” or “I will cause terrible things to happen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 37 kkm4 figs-metonymy 0 the sword after them Here “sword” represents the enemy army carrying their weapons. Alternate translation: “the enemy army to pursue and kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 38 we6b figs-metonymy 0 I will put my throne in Elam Here “throne” represents Yahweh’s right to rule and judge as the king. Alternate translation: “I will judge the people of Elam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 39 s61m 0 in later days “in the future”
JER 49 39 s61m 0 in later days Alternate translation: “in the future”
JER 50 intro dyn1 0 # Jeremiah 50 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 50:1-5, 6-46.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Babylon destroyed<br><br>Babylon will be conquered and the Jews will return to their homeland. At this time, Babylon controlled almost the entire Near East. The fulfillment of this prophecy would have been unthinkable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>### Israel<br>The author sometimes uses the term “Israel” to refer to the people of the old northern kingdom of Israel, and at other times to the nation of Israel as a whole. He switches between these uses several times without warning the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 50 1 mzg3 writing-poetry 0 General Information: God gives Jeremiah a message about Babylon. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
JER 50 1 je71 figs-idiom 0 This is the word that Yahweh declared This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 50 1 k291 figs-synecdoche 0 by the hand of Jeremiah the prophet The hand is a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:2](../37/02.md). Alternate translation: “through Jeremiah, who was a prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 50 2 gf1a figs-parallelism 0 cause them to listen … cause them to listen This phrase is repeated to emphasize the importance of the command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 50 2 a85t 0 Lift up a signal “Put up a sign”
JER 50 2 q3di 0 Babylon is taken “Babylon is conquered”
JER 50 2 a85t 0 Lift up a signal Alternate translation: “Put up a sign”
JER 50 2 q3di 0 Babylon is taken Alternate translation: “Babylon is conquered”
JER 50 2 zzg6 figs-parallelism 0 Bel is made ashamed. Marduk is dismayed. Its idols are put to shame; its images are dismayed These lines mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh has disgraced the gods of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 2 x394 translate-names 0 Bel … Marduk These are two names for the chief god of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 50 3 g6ih 0 arise against it … live in it Here “it” refers to Babylon in both phrases.
@ -3266,7 +3266,7 @@ JER 50 5 q3s7 figs-idiom 0 join ourselves to Yahweh This is figurative language
JER 50 5 ch4b figs-activepassive 0 that will not be forgotten This states that the covenant will be obeyed forever. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one will forget” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 6 fsj1 figs-metaphor 0 My people have been a lost flock The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a group of sheep that was lost. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “My people have been like a lost flock of sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 6 a67k figs-metaphor 0 Their shepherds The leaders of Israel are spoken of as if they were the shepherds of people. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “Their leaders were like shepherds who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 6 zpk8 0 turned them around from hill to hill “lead them around to many different places”
JER 50 6 zpk8 0 turned them around from hill to hill Alternate translation: “lead them around to many different places”
JER 50 7 h59f figs-metaphor 0 devoured them Attacking the people of Israel is spoken of as if a wild animal ate them. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “devoured them like a wild animal would eat its prey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 7 u3dr 0 they sinned The word “they” refers to the people of Israel.
JER 50 7 id3n figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh, the hope of their ancestors Yahweh is spoken of as the source of their trust. The abstract noun “hope” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “the one whom their ancestors confidently expected to help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -3274,12 +3274,12 @@ JER 50 8 en1b 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking to his people in capti
JER 50 8 ey2s 0 Leave from the midst of Babylon This command is addressed to the people of Israel who were in exile in Babylon.
JER 50 8 y6hx figs-simile 0 be like male goats that leave Male goats tend to be more independent than the rest of the flock. This could mean: (1) they should be the first to leave Babylon or (2) they should lead the rest of the Israelites away from Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 9 dns1 0 For see The word “see” alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because”
JER 50 9 db8i 0 set in motion “stir up”
JER 50 9 db8i 0 set in motion Alternate translation: “stir up”
JER 50 9 rv59 figs-activepassive 0 Babylon will be captured from there This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “These nations will capture Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 9 sd99 0 from there This could mean: (1) “from the north” or (2) “from their battle positions.”
JER 50 9 nm58 figs-simile 0 Their arrows are like a skilled warrior who does not return empty-handed The effectiveness of the arrows of the attacking nations are spoken of as if they were soldiers that always accomplish their mission. The idiom “empty-handed” means “without success.” Alternate translation: Each of their arrows are like skilled soldiers that always hit their target” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 50 10 n671 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 50 10 wnf6 0 Chaldea will become plunder “They will plunder Chaldea”
JER 50 10 wnf6 0 Chaldea will become plunder Alternate translation: “They will plunder Chaldea”
JER 50 11 a17k 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking to the people of Babylon.
JER 50 11 qcl4 figs-doublet 0 You rejoice, you celebrate These terms mean the same thing and are used to emphasize how happy they were to conquer Israel. Alternate translation: “You people of Babylon rejoice, celebrate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 50 11 gt23 figs-pronouns 0 You rejoice … you jump … you neigh Each instance of “You” or “you” is plural and refers to the people of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
@ -3288,14 +3288,14 @@ JER 50 11 ef11 0 stamping the action a calf makes when kicking the ground
JER 50 11 e4bz figs-simile 0 you neigh like a powerful horse The people of Babylon are compared to stallions that are making loud noises because they are excited. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 12 a827 figs-pronouns 0 bore you The word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JER 50 12 i83h figs-doublet 0 So your mother will be greatly ashamed; the one who bore you will be embarrassed These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of her embarrassment. The words “mother” and “the one who bore you” refer either to Babylonia or to the city of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 12 n6mv 0 the least of nations “the most unimportant nation”
JER 50 12 n6mv 0 the least of nations Alternate translation: “the most unimportant nation”
JER 50 12 crm8 figs-doublet 0 a wilderness, a dry land, and a desert These words have basically the same meaning and emphasize the complete barrenness of the land. This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor for an uninhabited place or (2) this refers to Babylon literally becoming a barren wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 13 mm1s figs-abstractnouns 0 a complete devastation The abstract noun “devastation” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 50 13 fl2h 0 shudder shake violently due to fear
JER 50 13 tj8m 0 hiss make a sound like a snake that means great disapproval
JER 50 14 z26z 0 General Information: Yahweh tells the other nations to attack Babylon.
JER 50 14 wrr7 figs-explicit 0 Arrange yourselves against Babylon Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon arrange yourselves against her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 50 14 p1p9 0 Arrange yourselves “Line up in military formation” or “Form battle lines”
JER 50 14 p1p9 0 Arrange yourselves Alternate translation: “Line up in military formation” or “Form battle lines”
JER 50 14 z8c6 0 Everyone who bends a bow This refers to the soldiers who use bows and arrows to fight.
JER 50 14 m55f figs-personification 0 shoot at her Jeremiah speaks of the people who live in the city of Babylon as if they were the city itself, and he speaks of the city as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “shoot at the people in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 50 14 a1ig 0 Do not keep back any of your arrows This emphasizes that they should shoot all their arrows. Alternate translation: “Shoot every one of your arrows at her”
@ -3352,7 +3352,7 @@ JER 50 27 e5p8 figs-explicit 0 Kill all her bulls Yahweh speaks this to the ene
JER 50 27 k3c1 0 her bulls The word “her” refers to Babylon.
JER 50 27 jtx6 0 them … their The word “them” and “their” refer to the people of Babylon.
JER 50 27 h2tx figs-doublet 0 their day has come—the time for their punishment The phrases “their day” and “the time” mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “the time for their punishment has come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 50 28 tx67 0 There is the sound of those fleeing “Listen and you will hear those who are fleeing”
JER 50 28 tx67 0 There is the sound of those fleeing Alternate translation: “Listen and you will hear those who are fleeing”
JER 50 28 i7g2 0 those … those … These The words “those” and “These” refer to the survivors from Babylon who will tell others about Yahweh’s vengeance.
JER 50 28 e143 figs-abstractnouns 0 the vengeance of Yahweh our God for Zion, and vengeance for his temple The abstract noun “vengeance” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh our God has taken revenge for what they did to Zion and to his temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 50 29 a82b 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling how to destroy the people of Babylon and Chaldea.
@ -3360,7 +3360,7 @@ JER 50 29 uhm2 figs-doublet 0 the archers … those who bend their bows These p
JER 50 29 riq5 0 her … her … she The words “her” and “she” refer to Babylon.
JER 50 29 gm1z 0 let no one escape This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “capture or kill every person”
JER 50 29 dr67 figs-metaphor 0 Do to her by the measure she has used The evil things the Babylonians did to Israel are spoken of as if Babylon measured them. Alternate translation: “Measure out punishment for her with the same amount she used to punish Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 30 yd19 0 her young men will fall “they will kill her young men”
JER 50 30 yd19 0 her young men will fall Alternate translation: “they will kill her young men”
JER 50 30 tu9n figs-activepassive 0 all her fighting men will be destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will destroy all her fighting men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 30 du7b figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 50 31 wr6r figs-explicit 0 See, I am against you Yahweh speaks this to the people of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “See, I am against you, people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -3378,17 +3378,17 @@ JER 50 33 k2wh 0 captured them The word “them” refers to the people of Isr
JER 50 34 id2p figs-metaphor 0 He will truly plead their case Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a lawyer who represents the people of Israel in court. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 34 bc96 figs-metonymy 0 in order to bring rest to the land Here “the land” is a metonym for the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “in order that the people who live in Israel might live in peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 34 d2c4 0 bring rest … bring strife These two terms represent opposite ideas and bring a strong contrast to how Yahweh will treat Israel and Babylon.
JER 50 34 m3i6 0 bring rest “give peace”
JER 50 34 m3i6 0 bring rest Alternate translation: “give peace”
JER 50 35 ayk2 figs-metonymy 0 A sword is against … and against Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “War will soon happen to … and to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 35 ai3w figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 50 36 u7pl figs-metonymy 0 A sword against Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “War will soon happen to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 36 v1iv 0 They will become fools “Their actions are foolish, and everyone will see that they are fools”
JER 50 36 fve6 0 They will be filled with terror “they will be terrified”
JER 50 36 v1iv 0 They will become fools Alternate translation: “Their actions are foolish, and everyone will see that they are fools”
JER 50 36 fve6 0 They will be filled with terror Alternate translation: “they will be terrified”
JER 50 37 d4gj figs-metonymy 0 A sword is coming against Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “War will soon happen to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 37 ts2p figs-simile 0 they will become like women The weakness of the Babylonian soldiers is spoken of as if they were women. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “they will all become as weak as women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 37 j5zb 0 storerooms A storeroom is a place where supplies or valuables are kept.
JER 50 37 fkg9 figs-activepassive 0 they will be plundered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers will plunder them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 38 kbz3 0 A drought is coming on her waters “A drought will soon happen that will affect all her waters”
JER 50 38 kbz3 0 A drought is coming on her waters Alternate translation: “A drought will soon happen that will affect all her waters”
JER 50 38 tww1 0 her waters Here “waters” represent all the sources of water for the Babylonians, especially the river that went through the city.
JER 50 39 tq6w 0 desert beasts with the jackals This could mean: (1) “wild animals and hyenas” or (2) “wild demons and evil spirits.”
JER 50 39 i9i9 0 jackals A jackal is a wild dog found in Asia and Africa.
@ -3399,15 +3399,15 @@ JER 50 39 y9d5 figs-activepassive 0 she will not be lived in This can be stated
JER 50 40 r3e2 figs-doublet 0 no one will live there; no person will stay in her These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Babylon will be completely uninhabited. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “no one will ever live there again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 50 41 us4n 0 General Information: These verses are almost identical to [Jeremiah 6:22](../06/22.md) and [Jeremiah 6:23](../06/23.md). See how you translated those verses.
JER 50 41 p4d1 figs-explicit 0 See, a people is coming Yahweh speaks to the people of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “See, people of Babylon, a people is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 50 41 n3n8 0 See, a people “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: a people”
JER 50 41 n3n8 0 See, a people Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: a people”
JER 50 41 m77s figs-synecdoche 0 a great nation and many kings This phrase refers to the time when the Medes and Persians conquered Babylon in 539 BC. Here “nation” represents their armies. Alternate translation: “the armies of a great nation and many kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 50 41 qf6b figs-metaphor 0 are being stirred up from the farthest parts of the earth Being “stirred up” represents being urged to take action. Alternate translation: “are preparing to come from the most distant places on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 42 fw6p 0 They will pick up bows and spears “The soldiers will carry bows and spears”
JER 50 42 fw6p 0 They will pick up bows and spears Alternate translation: “The soldiers will carry bows and spears”
JER 50 42 d5r3 figs-simile 0 Their sound is like the sea roar The loud noise that the soldiers make is compared to the loud noise of the sea. Alternate translation: “The sound that they make is very loud, like the sound of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 42 y1tc 0 they are riding on horses, set out in order as men for battle The phrase “set out in order” means that they have organized themselves and are riding in rows. The phrase “as men for battle” indicates that they are ready to fight. Alternate translation: “they are riding on horses in their assigned rows, and they are ready to fight”
JER 50 42 yn6t figs-metonymy 0 daughter of Babylon This phrase refers to the Babylonian people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 43 r3fu 0 General Information: This verse is almost identical to [Jeremiah 6:24](../06/24.md). See how you translated that verse.
JER 50 43 y1du 0 his hands fell limp in distress “his hands were weak because he was anxious”
JER 50 43 y1du 0 his hands fell limp in distress Alternate translation: “his hands were weak because he was anxious”
JER 50 43 um5z figs-metaphor 0 Anguish seized him Feeling great anguish is spoken of as if anguish grabs the king of Babylon. Alternate translation: “He felt terrible anguish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 43 uui8 0 Anguish suffering and grief that would bring a person to tears
JER 50 43 j129 figs-simile 0 like a woman giving birth The anguish that they feel because the enemy coming to attack them is compared to the anguish that a woman feels when she is about to give birth to a baby. Alternate translation: “like a woman who is about to give birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -3418,7 +3418,7 @@ JER 50 44 bst6 0 the enduring grazing place This is land covered with grass wh
JER 50 44 uiu8 0 I will quickly cause them to run from it Here “them” refers to the Babylonian people; the word “it” refers to the invasion.
JER 50 44 wgy7 figs-activepassive 0 who will be chosen This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom I will choose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 44 g8wy figs-rquestion 0 For who is like me, and who will summon me? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that no one is like him. Alternate translation: “For no one is like me, no one can summon me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 50 44 vd1u 0 who will summon me “who will challenge me” or “who will call me to account”
JER 50 44 vd1u 0 who will summon me Alternate translation: “who will challenge me” or “who will call me to account”
JER 50 44 ume1 figs-rquestion 0 What shepherd is able to resist me? Yahweh uses this question to show no one can defeat him. Here “shepherd” is a metaphor for “king” or “ruler.” Alternate translation: “No king is able to resist me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 45 h7vf 0 General Information: These verses are almost identical to [Jeremiah 49:20](../49/20.md) and [Jeremiah 49:21](../49/21.md). See how you translated those verses.
JER 50 45 bl7z figs-parallelism 0 the plans that Yahweh has decided against Babylon, the plans that he has planned against the land of the Chaldeans These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the plans that Yahweh has decided for the people of Babylon and the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -3427,7 +3427,7 @@ JER 50 45 dja3 figs-metaphor 0 even the smallest flock Here the youngest and we
JER 50 45 fwh2 figs-metaphor 0 Their pasturelands will be turned into ruined places Here the land of Babylonia is spoken of as if it were pasturelands for flocks. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will turn their pasturelands into ruined places” or “He will completely destroy the people who live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 46 q28h figs-metaphor 0 At the sound of conquered Babylon the earth shakes This phrase compares the fall of the once powerful nation of Babylon to the extremely loud noise of an earthquake. Alternate translation: “The fall of Babylon will sound like a mighty earthquake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 46 sue1 0 distress pain or unhappiness
JER 50 46 y112 0 their shout of distress “their shout of pain”
JER 50 46 y112 0 their shout of distress Alternate translation: “their shout of pain”
JER 51 intro e537 0 # Jeremiah 51 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 51:1-64.<br><br>The prophesied destruction of Babylon continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Babylon destroyed<br><br>Babylon will be conquered and the Jews will return to their homeland. At this time, Babylon controlled almost the entire Near East. The fulfillment of this prophecy would have been unthinkable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]])<br><br>### Covenant with Abraham<br>Babylon is destroyed because it drove the people of Judah from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham’s descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
JER 51 1 bz33 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 51 1 mgs4 0 See This draws attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully” or “Pay attention”
@ -3454,9 +3454,9 @@ JER 51 9 xi9j figs-activepassive 0 she is not healed This can be translated in
JER 51 9 r4vl figs-metaphor 0 For her guilt reaches up to the heavens; it is piled up to the clouds Guilt is spoken of as if it were an object that could be made into a pile. The words “to the heavens” and “to the clouds” are an exaggeration for something that is very high. Alternate translation: “For Babylon is so very guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 51 10 sgl7 0 Yahweh has declared our innocence Yahweh had punished the Israelites for their sins, but now has let them return to him.
JER 51 11 np2a figs-apostrophe 0 General Information: Jeremiah is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon and their enemies, who cannot hear him, telling them that Yahweh will destroy Babylon before the Babylonians can prepare to defend themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER 51 12 jt7x 0 Lift up a banner over Babylon’s walls “Give a signal to attack Babylon’s walls”
JER 51 12 udw5 0 make the watch strong “make sure the guards are strong and have good weapons”
JER 51 12 usv8 0 set up watchmen “make sure there are enough men watching the city”
JER 51 12 jt7x 0 Lift up a banner over Babylon’s walls Alternate translation: “Give a signal to attack Babylon’s walls”
JER 51 12 udw5 0 make the watch strong Alternate translation: “make sure the guards are strong and have good weapons”
JER 51 12 usv8 0 set up watchmen Alternate translation: “make sure there are enough men watching the city”
JER 51 12 rs5j 0 prepare the ambushes This was done in order to catch anyone running from the city.
JER 51 13 n6b4 figs-apostrophe 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon, who cannot hear him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER 51 13 s2hm figs-metaphor 0 The thread of your life is now cut short The people’s lives are spoken of as if they were threads that God could cut. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your lives will be ended quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -3465,17 +3465,17 @@ JER 51 14 mxl6 0 battle cry This is a shout that a soldier makes in battle.
JER 51 16 hr5x figs-metaphor 0 When he thunders, there is the roar of waters in the heavens These phrases compare the voice of Yahweh to the loud sound made by thunder and rain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 16 f1vn 0 storehouses A storehouse is a building where people keep things they might want to use in the future.
JER 51 17 w7tq 0 General Information: Translate many of the words in this verse as in [Jeremiah 10:14](../10/14.md).
JER 51 17 r1wa 0 has become ignorant “is lacking knowledge” or “does not know”
JER 51 17 r1wa 0 has become ignorant Alternate translation: “is lacking knowledge” or “does not know”
JER 51 17 vgb8 figs-activepassive 0 Every metalworker is put to shame by his idols This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Every metalworker’s idols put him to shame” or “As for every metalworker, his idols shame him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 18 qxg3 0 General Information: Translate many of the words in this verse as in [Jeremiah 10:15](../10/15.md).
JER 51 18 ux1i figs-personification 0 they will perish at the time of their punishment This speaks of the final destruction of the idols. Alternate translation: “there will be a time when God will destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 51 19 rd4k 0 General Information: Translate many of the words in this verse as in [Jeremiah 10:16](../10/16.md).
JER 51 19 mei8 figs-metonymy 0 the portion of Jacob Here “Jacob” represents the people of Israel. God being their “portion” is an idiom that means that they worship him. Alternate translation: “the portion of Israel” or “whom the people of Israel worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 51 19 dwl8 0 the molder of all things “the creator of all things” or “the one who created all things”
JER 51 19 dwl8 0 the molder of all things Alternate translation: “the creator of all things” or “the one who created all things”
JER 51 19 st72 figs-metaphor 0 Israel is the tribe of his inheritance This speaks of Israel belonging to Yahweh as if it were something that Yahweh gained through inheritance. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Israel belongs to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 20 f9ni 0 You are “You, the Babylonian army, are”
JER 51 20 f9ni 0 You are Alternate translation: “You, the Babylonian army, are”
JER 51 20 ap1j figs-metaphor 0 With you I will smash Yahweh speaks of punishing people as if he were smashing them with a hammer. Alternate translation: “With you I will punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 20 k6w9 0 With you I will “I will use you to”
JER 51 20 k6w9 0 With you I will Alternate translation: “I will use you to”
JER 51 22 b82y figs-metaphor 0 With you I will smash Yahweh speaks of punishing people as if he were smashing them with a hammer. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 51:20](../51/20.md). Alternate translation: “With you I will punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 22 n6g5 0 With you I will “I will use you to.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 51:20](../51/20.md).
JER 51 24 rf4t figs-abstractnouns 0 in your sight I will pay The abstract noun “sight” can be expressed with the verb “see.” Alternate translation: “you will see it when I pay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -3496,7 +3496,7 @@ JER 51 28 hs9h 0 governors … officials See how you translated these words in
JER 51 29 s84v figs-metonymy 0 the land will shake and be in anguish The land is a metonym for the people who live on the land. Shaking and being in anguish are metonyms for being very afraid. Alternate translation: “the people who live in Babylon will shake with fear and be in anguish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 29 nf9p 0 anguish suffering and grief that would bring a person to tears
JER 51 29 vd9r figs-metonymy 0 against Babylon The city of Babylon is a metonym for the people of Babylon. Alternate translation: “against the people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 29 d6kr 0 there is no inhabitant “no one lives”
JER 51 29 d6kr 0 there is no inhabitant Alternate translation: “no one lives”
JER 51 30 a6hx figs-pastforfuture 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks of what will happen as if it had already happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JER 51 30 l7ic figs-metaphor 0 her homes are on fire, the bars of her gates are broken The city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the homes in the city are on fire, the bars of the city gates are broken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 31 wh3s figs-activepassive 0 his city has been taken This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemies have overcome the whole city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -3516,16 +3516,16 @@ JER 51 34 v4f3 figs-simile 0 Like a monster Here Babylon is compared to a monst
JER 51 34 k3yc figs-metaphor 0 he has swallowed me Jerusalem compares its destruction to being swallowed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 34 g9pi figs-metaphor 0 he has filled his stomach with my delicious foods This continues to speak of Babylon as if it were a monster. This states in another way the previous idea that Babylon has taken everything from Israel. Here “foods” represents all the good things that were there before. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 34 uc2v figs-metaphor 0 he has spit me out Nebuchadnezzar took what he wanted and spit out what he did not want. Alternate translation: “he has vomited me up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 35 v7aa 0 The one who lives in Zion “She who lives in Zion”
JER 51 35 v7aa 0 The one who lives in Zion Alternate translation: “She who lives in Zion”
JER 51 35 x9kf 0 The one … to me and my flesh … my blood All of these phrases refer to a woman.
JER 51 35 pj1v 0 inhabitants of Chaldea “people who live in Chaldea”
JER 51 35 pj1v 0 inhabitants of Chaldea Alternate translation: “people who live in Chaldea”
JER 51 36 s6hs 0 General Information: This begins Yahweh’s reply to Jerusalem’s request in verses 34 and 35.
JER 51 36 duw6 figs-metaphor 0 I am about to plead your case and bring about vengeance Yahweh defending his people is spoken of as if he were a lawyer pleading their case in court. Alternate translation: “I will be like your lawyer to defend you and I will bring about vengeance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 37 srq7 0 heaps of rubble buildings that have become piles of rock
JER 51 37 fd8l 0 den of jackals home for wild dogs
JER 51 37 qax1 0 a horror something that terrifies everyone who looks at it
JER 51 37 k6wl 0 hissing a sound people make to show that they dislike something very much
JER 51 37 a91l 0 there are no inhabitants “no one lives”
JER 51 37 a91l 0 there are no inhabitants Alternate translation: “no one lives”
JER 51 38 ht1r 0 roar loud sound made by a lion
JER 51 38 e66g 0 growl a sound animals make to frighten other animals
JER 51 39 t613 0 become happy As a soldier is happy when he defeats a strong enemy. Another possible meaning is “are very drunk” .
@ -3534,13 +3534,13 @@ JER 51 41 mjn3 figs-activepassive 0 How Babylon has been captured … How Babyl
JER 51 41 epv5 figs-metonymy 0 the praise of all the earth is seized The word “praise” is a metonym for the thing that people praised, and the word “earth” is a metonym for the people living on the earth. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemies have seized Babylon, the nation that everyone on earth praised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 42 jlw8 figs-metaphor 0 The sea … roaring waves Babylon’s enemies have overcome her. “Waves” represent many people groups overcoming Babylon. The words “sea” and “water” often represent the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 42 xv1n figs-activepassive 0 She is covered with its roaring waves This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Its roaring waves have covered her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 43 i1ik 0 Her cities “Babylon’s cities”
JER 51 43 i1ik 0 Her cities Alternate translation: “Babylon’s cities”
JER 51 44 ua7k figs-metonymy 0 I will punish Bel Bel was the main god of the Babylonians and represents the whole country and the people that worshiped it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 44 x7hy figs-personification 0 out from his mouth what he swallowed Yahweh compares all the sacrifices and offerings to Bel to things he ate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 51 44 b1d8 figs-metaphor 0 the nations will no longer flow The many nations that come to Babylon to sacrifice to Bel is spoken of as a river that moves along. Alternate translation: “the people of other nations will no longer come in large groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 46 e7mp figs-activepassive 0 the news that is heard in the land This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when you hear the news that is in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 46 y5k9 figs-metonymy 0 Ruler will be against ruler The ruler is a metonym for the nations under his control. Alternate translation: “Nations will fight against other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 47 hlg9 0 see “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
JER 51 47 hlg9 0 see Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
JER 51 47 hh7n figs-metaphor 0 days are coming … when I will punish Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will punish” or “there will be a time … when I will punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 47 x6k7 figs-metaphor 0 I will punish the carved idols of Babylon Removing the idols of Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh would punish the idols. Alternate translation: “I will remove the carved idols of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 47 m3al figs-metonymy 0 Babylon … her land … her slaughtered ones … her midst The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of Babylon … their land … their slaughtered ones … their midst” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -3548,13 +3548,13 @@ JER 51 48 r764 figs-metonymy 0 over Babylon … come for her The people of Baby
JER 51 48 a7da figs-personification 0 the heavens and the earth Heaven and earth are viewed as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 51 48 ry4n figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 51 49 y6sf figs-metonymy 0 Babylon has made … her land The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of Babylon … their land … their slaughtered ones … their midst … over the Babylonians … come for them … the Babylonians have made … their land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 49 mh52 0 the killed of all her land “those whom the Babylonians’ enemies have killed in the land”
JER 51 49 mh52 0 the killed of all her land Alternate translation: “those whom the Babylonians’ enemies have killed in the land”
JER 51 50 rnu2 0 General Information: Jeremiah speaks to the Israelite people in verse 50.
JER 51 50 v78z figs-metonymy 0 Survivors of the sword The sword is a metonym for war, in which soldiers use swords. Alternate translation: “You who have survived the war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 50 esb3 figs-idiom 0 Call Yahweh to mind from far away; let Jerusalem come to mind The phrases “Call … to mind” and “come to mind” are idioms that mean to think about or remember. Alternate translation: “Though you are far away, think about Yahweh; think about Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 51 51 l188 0 insults words that one person uses to offend another
JER 51 51 u8ak figs-metaphor 0 reproach has covered our faces The speakers’ reaction to people expressing disapproval of them is spoken of as if it were a cover placed over the speakers’ faces. Alternate translation: “our faces show that we are hurt because others disapprove of us” or “we cover our faces in shame because others disapprove of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 52 gq6f 0 see “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
JER 51 52 gq6f 0 see Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
JER 51 52 t1lg figs-metaphor 0 days are coming … when I will punish Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will punish” or “there will be a time … when I will punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 52 ipn3 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 51 52 h25y figs-metaphor 0 I will punish her carved idols Removing or destroying idols is spoken of as if Yahweh would punish the idols. Alternate translation: “I will destroy her carved idols” or “I will remove her carved idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -3564,7 +3564,7 @@ JER 51 53 i44x figs-metonymy 0 her highest fortresses … to her The people of
JER 51 53 t773 figs-hypo 0 if Babylon went up … or fortified … destroyers would come from me This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh does not expect to happen. Alternate translation: “Babylon will not go up … or fortify … destroyers will surely come from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER 51 54 j9es figs-parallelism 0 A shout of distress came from Babylon, a great collapse from the land of the Chaldeans The same thought is expressed in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 51 55 i691 figs-metonymy 0 destroying Babylon … her loud voice The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “destroying the people of Babylon … their loud voices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 55 rb5t 0 Their enemies … their noise “The enemies of the people of Babylon … the noise of the enemies”
JER 51 55 rb5t 0 Their enemies … their noise Alternate translation: “The enemies of the people of Babylon … the noise of the enemies”
JER 51 55 hs3i figs-simile 0 enemies roar like the waves of many waters The waves of the ocean and of flooding rivers make a loud sound, and the enemies will make a very loud sound as they come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 51 56 bdd2 figs-metonymy 0 against her—against Babylon!—and her warriors The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “against the people of Babylon—yes, against Babylon!—and their warriors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 56 sx3e figs-activepassive 0 her warriors have been captured This phrase can be changed to have an active verb. Alternate translation: “her enemies have captured her warriors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -3580,7 +3580,7 @@ JER 51 59 r4gy translate-ordinal 0 in the fourth year of his reign “after he
JER 51 60 f3pz 0 that were written about Babylon This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that he had written about Babylon”
JER 51 62 ctw9 0 animal If your language has a word for animals that normally live with people, you might want to use it here, because [Jeremiah 51:37](../51/37.md) states that Babylon will be inhabited by wild animals.
JER 51 64 rl23 figs-simile 0 Babylon will sink like this The stone and scroll will disappear in the water, the water will destroy the scroll, and Babylon will no longer look like a city or have buildings for people to live in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 51 64 eg18 0 will not arise “will never again be a city”
JER 51 64 eg18 0 will not arise Alternate translation: “will never again be a city”
JER 51 64 xm91 0 they will fall This means the Babylonians will fall because they are exhausted. Many translations do not include these words.
JER 52 intro izf6 0 # Jeremiah 52 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The chapter returns to a previous sequence of events and records Babylon’s conquering of Judah. It also records the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
JER 52 1 f3ew 0 General Information: Because of the words “Jeremiah’s words end here” in [Jeremiah 51:64](../51/64.md) and because the words here appear in other books of the Bible, many scholars believe that this chapter was written by someone other than Jeremiah and attached to the scroll that Jeremiah and Baruch wrote.
@ -3592,7 +3592,7 @@ JER 52 4 b8cu 0 It happened This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of
JER 52 4 zq3a translate-ordinal 0 in the ninth year of the reign of King Zedekiah, in the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month after Zedekiah had been king for eight years, in the tenth calendar month, on the tenth day of the month (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 52 4 utp3 translate-ordinal 0 in the ninth year “in year nine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 52 4 nk5w translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 52 4 s7id 0 They camped opposite it “Nebuchadnezzar’s army camped opposite Jerusalem”
JER 52 4 s7id 0 They camped opposite it Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s army camped opposite Jerusalem”
JER 52 5 g791 translate-ordinal 0 until the eleventh year of King Zedekiah’s reign until Zedekiah had been king for more than ten years (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 52 5 e3tj translate-ordinal 0 eleventh year “year eleven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 52 5 ws36 figs-activepassive 0 So the city was besieged This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “So they besieged the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -3603,7 +3603,7 @@ JER 52 7 e7li 0 the two walls the wall of the king’s garden and the wall of
JER 52 8 w5xq 0 plains flat land
JER 52 8 z99u figs-activepassive 0 All his army was scattered This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) “the Chaldeans scattered his entire army” or (2) “all of his soldiers ran away in different directions.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 52 9 e3yw translate-names 0 at Riblah in the land of Hamath Riblah was a town in the territory of Hamath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 52 9 y478 0 passed sentence on him “decided how to punish him”
JER 52 9 y478 0 passed sentence on him Alternate translation: “decided how to punish him”
JER 52 10 rf5w figs-synecdoche 0 slaughtered Zedekiah’s sons before his own eyes The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah’s sons. Alternate translation: “forced Zedekiah to watch as the king of Babylon slaughtered Zedekiah’s sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 52 11 xk3k 0 he put out Zedekiah’s eyes “the king’s men made Zedekiah blind.” Use the common words for making a person blind. It is not clear that the king of Babylon took Zedekiah’s eyes out of his head. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon make Zedekiah blind.
JER 52 11 wdy8 0 the day of his death the day of Zedekiah’s death
@ -3612,7 +3612,7 @@ JER 52 12 pz2r translate-ordinal 0 the nineteenth year “during year nineteen
JER 52 12 vd9v translate-names 0 Nebuzaradan This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 52 12 jsf1 0 bodyguards people whose job is to protect someone
JER 52 15 g3nt translate-names 0 Nebuzaradan This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 52 16 knn1 0 the poorest of the land “the poorest people who lived on the land”
JER 52 16 knn1 0 the poorest of the land Alternate translation: “the poorest people who lived on the land”
JER 52 17 zsh6 0 The Sea This is a basin of water used in the worship of Yahweh.
JER 52 21 spa2 translate-bdistance 0 eighteen cubits … twelve cubits A cubit was about 46 centimeters long. Alternate translation: “18 cubits…12 cubits” or “about 8.3 meters … about 5.5 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
JER 52 21 b7ll 0 hollow The pillars had empty space inside them.
@ -3620,7 +3620,7 @@ JER 52 22 l1cn 0 capital This is the top part of each pillar.
JER 52 22 f2ql translate-bdistance 0 five cubits A cubit was about 46 centimeters long. Alternate translation: “5 cubits” or “about 2.3 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
JER 52 24 l5rv 0 Seraiah See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 36:26](../36/26.md).
JER 52 24 z616 0 gatekeepers people who guard the gate of a city
JER 52 25 vtf3 0 drafting men into the army “forcing men to fight in the army”
JER 52 25 vtf3 0 drafting men into the army Alternate translation: “forcing men to fight in the army”
JER 52 26 ek3a translate-names 0 Nebuzaradan See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 52 26 lq37 translate-names 0 Riblah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 52 28 l6dd translate-ordinal 0 seventh (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
@ -3634,6 +3634,6 @@ JER 52 31 n2d6 translate-ordinal 0 in the thirty-seventh year of the exile of J
JER 52 31 rb62 translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the twelfth month, on the twenty-fifth day of the month This is the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fifth day is near the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 52 31 d6ug 0 It happened This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story.
JER 52 31 qhv9 translate-names 0 Awel-Marduk He became the king of Babylon after Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 52 32 g37e 0 He spoke kindly to him “Awel-Marduk spoke kindly to Jehoiachin”
JER 52 32 bq2c 0 a seat more honorable “a seat at the table that was closer to where Awel-Marduk sat”
JER 52 32 g37e 0 He spoke kindly to him Alternate translation: “Awel-Marduk spoke kindly to Jehoiachin”
JER 52 32 bq2c 0 a seat more honorable Alternate translation: “a seat at the table that was closer to where Awel-Marduk sat”
JER 52 33 fvq2 figs-metonymy 0 removed Jehoiachin’s prison clothes The reader should understand that removing his prison clothes represents making him a free man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

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@ -11,19 +11,19 @@ LAM 1 2 hy2k figs-personification 0 She weeps and wails … and her tears cover
LAM 1 2 vm69 figs-doublet 0 weeps and wails The word “wails” refers to the sounds that a person makes when they “weep” loudly. Alternate translation: “weeps loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LAM 1 2 xf4h figs-metaphor 0 None of her lovers comfort her. All her friends have betrayed her This speaks of the people groups that had been faithful to Jerusalem betraying Jerusalem, as if the people groups were Jerusalem’s lovers and friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 1 3 wtj1 figs-personification 0 General Information: In these verses, Jerusalem and Judah are spoken of as if they were women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 1 3 jc3t 0 After poverty and affliction “After suffering poverty and affliction”
LAM 1 3 jc3t 0 After poverty and affliction Alternate translation: “After suffering poverty and affliction”
LAM 1 3 d5d4 figs-metonymy 0 Judah has gone into exile Here Judah refers to its inhabitants. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah have gone into exile” or “the people of Judah have been taken into a foreign land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 1 3 yb38 figs-personification 0 She lives … finds Here the kingdom of Judah is described as a woman. “She” also stands for the citizens of Judah. Alternate translation: “Her people live … they find” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 1 3 ti2f 0 finds no rest “does not find rest” or “is always afraid”
LAM 1 3 ti2f 0 finds no rest Alternate translation: “does not find rest” or “is always afraid”
LAM 1 3 w248 figs-personification 0 All her pursuers overtook her in her desperation This speaks of the people of Judah being captured by their enemies as if they were a woman who was captured by those pursuing her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 1 3 can4 0 All her pursuers overtook her “Everyone who was chasing her managed to capture her” or “Everyone who was hunting for her found her”
LAM 1 3 can4 0 All her pursuers overtook her Alternate translation: “Everyone who was chasing her managed to capture her” or “Everyone who was hunting for her found her”
LAM 1 3 fm5d figs-abstractnouns 0 in her desperation The word “desperation” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “when she was desperate” or “when she was distressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LAM 1 4 i8db figs-personification 0 General Information: The city of Zion is spoken of as if it were a woman. In Lamentations, Zion and Jerusalem are names used to refer to the same city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 1 4 h3bm figs-personification 0 The roads of Zion mourn The author speaks of the roads that lead to Zion mourning as if they were human beings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 1 4 x725 0 the appointed feasts “the feasts that God told them to celebrate”
LAM 1 4 x725 0 the appointed feasts Alternate translation: “the feasts that God told them to celebrate”
LAM 1 4 ih8f figs-personification 0 All her gates are desolate The word “her” refers to Zion. Alternate translation: “All of Zion’s gates are empty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 1 4 bv2d figs-personification 0 Her virgins are sorrowful and she herself is in complete distress Here the people of Zion being distressed are spoken of as if they were a woman in distress. Alternate translation: “Zion’s virgins are sorrowful, and its people despairing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 1 5 m4mr 0 Her adversaries have become her master; her enemies prosper “Zion’s adversaries rule over it; its enemies prosper”
LAM 1 5 m4mr 0 Her adversaries have become her master; her enemies prosper Alternate translation: “Zion’s adversaries rule over it; its enemies prosper”
LAM 1 5 h8q8 figs-personification 0 Yahweh has afflicted her for her many sins This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people of Zion for their sins as if they were a woman that Yahweh was punishing. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has afflicted her people because of the sins they have committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 1 5 h9dx figs-abstractnouns 0 Her little children go into captivity to her adversary The word “captivity” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “Her enemy captures her little children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LAM 1 6 e22r figs-personification 0 General Information: The city of Zion is spoken of as if it were a woman. In Lamentations, Zion and Jerusalem are names used to refer to the same city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ LAM 1 6 vlv6 0 Beauty has left the daughter of Zion This speaks of everything
LAM 1 6 i7te figs-personification 0 daughter of Zion This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 1 6 imv9 figs-simile 0 Her princes have become like deer that cannot find pasture This speaks of Zion’s princes having nothing to eat like deer that cannot find grass to eat. Alternate translation: “Her princes are starving, they are like deer that cannot find grass to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LAM 1 6 q9zi 0 deer A deer is a medium-sized, grass-eating animal that is often hunted by humans for food. It is also a beautiful animal to look at.
LAM 1 6 gx4l 0 they go without strength before “they are not strong enough to run away from” or “they are very weak before”
LAM 1 6 m8wr 0 their pursuer “the person that is pursuing them”
LAM 1 7 yp42 0 In the days of her affliction and her homelessness “During the time of her affliction and her homelessness”
LAM 1 6 gx4l 0 they go without strength before Alternate translation: “they are not strong enough to run away from” or “they are very weak before”
LAM 1 6 m8wr 0 their pursuer Alternate translation: “the person that is pursuing them”
LAM 1 7 yp42 0 In the days of her affliction and her homelessness Alternate translation: “During the time of her affliction and her homelessness”
LAM 1 7 g8bb figs-metonymy 0 Jerusalem will call to mind Here “Jerusalem” refers to the people who live there. The phrase “call to mind” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem will remember” or “Jerusalem will remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LAM 1 7 p1pa 0 precious treasures This refers to their valuable possessions.
LAM 1 7 kyv3 figs-explicit 0 in former days “in the past.” This refers to the time before the people of Jerusalem were captured. Alternate translation: “before this disaster happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ LAM 1 9 tsa8 figs-metaphor 0 She has become unclean beneath her skirts Accordin
LAM 1 9 z2lm figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person who God considers to be spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 1 9 r5x9 figs-idiom 0 Her fall was terrible The phrase “her fall” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Her downfall was astonishing” or “Those who saw her destruction were surprised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LAM 1 9 h7er figs-personification 0 Look at my affliction, Yahweh This could mean that: (1) the author of Lamentations now talks directly to Yahweh or (2) Jerusalem is described as talking to Yahweh like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 1 9 fv36 0 Look at “Pay attention to”
LAM 1 9 fv36 0 Look at Alternate translation: “Pay attention to”
LAM 1 9 bx6p figs-explicit 0 the enemy has become too great This means that they enemy army has become too large and powerful and has defeated Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the enemy army has defeated me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 1 10 mu6h figs-idiom 0 has put his hand on This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “has taken possession of” or “has stolen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LAM 1 10 mp1s 0 precious treasures This refers to their valuable possessions.
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ LAM 1 11 ybg4 figs-personification 0 her people The word “her” refers to Je
LAM 1 11 sr71 figs-synecdoche 0 bread This refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LAM 1 11 q7bp figs-explicit 0 They have given their precious treasures for food This means they traded their wealth and their valuables in exchange for food. Alternate translation: “They have traded their precious treasures in exchange for food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 1 11 kx7c 0 precious treasures This refers to their valuable possessions.
LAM 1 11 u733 0 to restore their lives “to save their lives” or “to restore their strength”
LAM 1 11 u733 0 to restore their lives Alternate translation: “to save their lives” or “to restore their strength”
LAM 1 11 ae41 figs-personification 0 Look, Yahweh, and consider me Here Jerusalem speaks directly to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 1 12 lv2d figs-rquestion 0 Is it nothing to you, all you who pass by? This rhetorical question is an accusation aganist the people who walk past Jerusalem and do not care about its well-being. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “All you who pass by should care more for my affliction!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LAM 1 12 hb8j figs-personification 0 Is it nothing to you Here Jerusalem continues to speak, but now to people who pass by instead of to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ LAM 1 14 f1g6 figs-metaphor 0 The yoke of my transgressions … They are knit t
LAM 1 14 m9ta figs-metonymy 0 given me over into their hands “given me over into the hands of my enemies.” Here their enemies’ control is represented by their “hands.” Alternate translation: “given my over to the control of my enemies” or “let my enemies defeat me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 1 14 rm8k figs-idiom 0 I am not able to stand This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I cannot resist them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LAM 1 15 b3xh figs-personification 0 General Information: In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 1 15 ruu7 0 mighty men “strongest soldiers”
LAM 1 15 ruu7 0 mighty men Alternate translation: “strongest soldiers”
LAM 1 15 ct6z figs-metaphor 0 an assembly Here the enemy army attacking Jerusalem is spoken of as if it were a meeting of people who have come together in order to accuse and condemn someone. Alternate translation: “a great army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 1 15 zrt4 0 to crush my vigorous men This speaks of the enemy army defeating the soldiers of Jerusalem as if they crushed them. Alternate translation: “to defeat my vigorous men”
LAM 1 15 yz3y 0 vigorous men This refers to men at the strongest time of their lives.
@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ LAM 1 15 t625 figs-metaphor 0 The Lord has trampled … in the winepress Here t
LAM 1 15 w82e figs-metaphor 0 the virgin daughter of Judah This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. The word “virgin” suggests that this woman is pure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 1 16 ze56 figs-personification 0 General Information: In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. In Lamentations, Zion and Jerusalem are names used to refer to the same city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 1 16 p25m figs-metaphor 0 for a comforter is far from me, one who restores my life This speaks of Jerusalem having no one to comfort her as if she did have a comforter, but that he was far away. The word “comforter” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “for there is no one to comfort me and restore my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 1 16 h5c9 0 restores my life “revives me”
LAM 1 16 h5c9 0 restores my life Alternate translation: “revives me”
LAM 1 17 ua88 figs-personification 0 Zion has spread her hands wide Here Jerusalem no longer speaks about herself; instead the author describes Jerusalem. He speaks of Zion as if it were a woman that lifts up her hands to ask for help. Alternate translation: “Zion has reached out for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LAM 1 17 jc3i 0 those around Jacob “the people around Jacob” or “the nations surrounding Jacob”
LAM 1 17 jc3i 0 those around Jacob Alternate translation: “the people around Jacob” or “the nations surrounding Jacob”
LAM 1 17 f1em figs-metonymy 0 around Jacob should be his adversaries Here “Jacob” refers to his descendants, that is Israel. Alternate translation: “around Jacob’s descendants should be their adversaries” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 1 17 t8w2 figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 1 18 cz8z figs-personification 0 General Information: In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ LAM 1 18 l7wg 0 Yahweh is righteous This implies that what Yahweh has done, he
LAM 1 18 f15f figs-abstractnouns 0 see my sorrow The word “sorrow” can be expressed as a “sad.” Alternate translation: “see how extremely sad I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LAM 1 18 lnt9 figs-synecdoche 0 My virgins and my vigorous men have gone into captivity Here all of the people of Jerusalem who were taken into captivity are represented by the “virgins” and the “vigorous men” who were taken. Alternate translation: “Many of my people, including my virgins and vigorous men, have gone into captivity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LAM 1 18 ay2g 0 vigorous men This refers to men at the strongest time of their lives. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 1:15](../01/15.md).
LAM 1 19 ffv5 0 I called for my friends “I called for my friends to help me” or “I called for my allies to help me”
LAM 1 19 ffv5 0 I called for my friends Alternate translation: “I called for my friends to help me” or “I called for my allies to help me”
LAM 1 19 i88c figs-explicit 0 they were treacherous toward me This means that they betrayed him. Alternate translation: “they betrayed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 1 19 i9bk 0 to restore their lives “to save their lives” or “to restore their strength”
LAM 1 19 i9bk 0 to restore their lives Alternate translation: “to save their lives” or “to restore their strength”
LAM 1 20 tsg9 figs-personification 0 General Information: In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 1 20 le5p figs-personification 0 Look, Yahweh, for I am in distress Jerusalem continues to talk about herself as if she were a woman, but now talks directly to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 1 20 csk1 figs-metaphor 0 my stomach churns The word “churn” means to move around violently, normally in a circular rotation. This does not mean the stomach is literally churning, but describes how the woman, representing Jerusalem, feels. Alternate translation: “my insides ache” or “my stomach hurts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ LAM 2 6 erj2 figs-simile 0 He has attacked his tabernacle like a garden hut Thi
LAM 2 6 w3hh 0 a garden hut a very small building for holding farming tools or for sheltering someone who is guarding a garden
LAM 2 6 tg96 figs-metonymy 0 He has destroyed the place of the solemn assembly The Lord caused Israel’s enemies to destroy it. He did not destroy it himself. Alternate translation: “He has caused the place of the solemn assembly to be destroyed” or “He has caused their enemies to destroy the place of the solemn assembly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 2 6 zkt2 figs-activepassive 0 caused both solemn assembly and Sabbath to be forgotten in Zion This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “caused the people in Zion to forget both solemn assembly and Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LAM 2 6 y8if 0 in the indignation of his anger “because he was extremely angry with them”
LAM 2 6 y8if 0 in the indignation of his anger Alternate translation: “because he was extremely angry with them”
LAM 2 7 ub33 figs-metonymy 0 He has given over the walls of her palaces into the hand of the enemy Here the enemy’s “hand” refers to the enemy’s control. Alternate translation: “He has allowed the enemy to capture the walls of her palaces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 2 7 vn7k figs-synecdoche 0 the walls of her palaces Here, the word **her** may refer either to the temple or to Jersualem. Possible translations are: (1) “the walls of the temple” or (2) “the walls of Jerusalem’s palaces.” The word “walls” is a synecdoche for the whole building, and the building is a synecdoche for all of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LAM 2 7 jx6y figs-irony 0 They have raised a shout in the house of Yahweh, as on the day of an appointed feast This is an ironic comparison between the happy, noisy festivals of Israel and the loud shouts of victory of the Babylonians. Alternate translation: “They have raised a shout in the house of Yahweh, as the Israelites would during an appointed feast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
@ -175,11 +175,11 @@ LAM 2 14 p4y7 figs-abstractnouns 0 for you they gave utterances The word “utt
LAM 2 15 na4v translate-symaction 0 clap their hands … hiss and shake their heads These actions are used to mock and insult others. Alternate translation: “mock you by clapping their hands … hiss and shake their heads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LAM 2 15 s9nn figs-personification 0 the daughter of Jerusalem This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 2 15 cxb8 figs-rquestion 0 Is this the city that they called ‘The Perfection of Beauty,’ ‘The Joy for All of Earth’? This rhetorical question is used to express sarcasm. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “This city that they called ‘The Perfection of Beauty,’ ‘The Joy for All of Earth,’ is not so beautiful or joyful anymore!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LAM 2 15 rkz8 0 The Perfection of Beauty “Perfectly Beautiful”
LAM 2 15 rkz8 0 The Perfection of Beauty Alternate translation: “Perfectly Beautiful”
LAM 2 16 t9p2 translate-symaction 0 grind their teeth This action shows a person’s anger and that they are mocking others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LAM 2 16 v2ed figs-metaphor 0 We have swallowed her up Here the people speak of destroying Jerusalem as if they were an animal swallowing its food. Alternate translation: “We have completely destroyed Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 2 16 p7nl figs-idiom 0 We have lived to see it This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “We have greatly desired to see it happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LAM 2 17 sv6l 0 He has overthrown “He has destroyed”
LAM 2 17 sv6l 0 He has overthrown Alternate translation: “He has destroyed”
LAM 2 17 l2hu 0 to rejoice over you This means that the enemy rejoiced because they defeated them. Alternate translation: “to rejoice over defeating you”
LAM 2 17 b3zb figs-metonymy 0 he has lifted up the horn of your enemies Here **horn** (that is, an animal horn) represents strength. Alternate translation: “he has increased the power of your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 2 18 v62e figs-synecdoche 0 Their heart cried out to the Lord Here the word **heart** represents the whole person emphasizing one’s innermost being. Possible meanings of who cried out are: (1) the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem shouted to the Lord from their innermost being” or (2) the walls are being personified. Alternate translation: “You walls, cry out to the Lord from your innermost being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ LAM 2 18 qsn1 figs-apostrophe 0 walls of the daughter of Zion! Make your tears
LAM 2 18 ew4w figs-personification 0 the daughter of Zion This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 2 18 mbx5 figs-metaphor 0 Make your tears flow down like a river This speaks of the people crying so much that their tears would flow like a river. Alternate translation: “Cry many, many tears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 2 18 kbz7 figs-merism 0 day and night These two opposite times of day refer to all the time. Alternate translation: “all of the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
LAM 2 18 s698 0 Give yourself no relief, your eyes no relief “Do not allow yourself and your eyes to rest from crying”
LAM 2 18 s698 0 Give yourself no relief, your eyes no relief Alternate translation: “Do not allow yourself and your eyes to rest from crying”
LAM 2 19 t1js figs-apostrophe 0 Arise, cry out … of every street The writer continues speaking to the walls of Jerusalem. He wants the people of Jerusalem to do what he is telling the walls to do. Some translations take this whole section to be spoken to the “walls,” though this can be written with the first phrase “walls of the daughter of Zion!” spoken to the “walls,” and the rest of the section spoken directly to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
LAM 2 19 bb9r 0 at the beginning of the night watches “many times during the night.” This refers to every time a watchman came on duty.
LAM 2 19 n8wa figs-idiom 0 Pour out your heart like water before the face of the Lord The phrase “pour out your heart like water” is an idiom. Here the Lord is represented by his “face” to emphasize his presence. Alternate translation: “Tell the Lord how you feel in your inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ LAM 3 intro c5kf 0 # Lamentations 3 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in t
LAM 3 1 q73v writing-poetry 0 A new poem begins. Here the author speaks of the sufferings that his people experienced. He speaks about them as if God had personally attacked only him. However, the writer intends to speak for everyone in the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LAM 3 1 z56p figs-metaphor 0 who has seen misery Here “has seen” represents has experienced. Alternate translation: “who has experienced misery” or “who has suffered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 1 w5zk figs-metonymy 0 under the rod of Yahweh’s fury Being “under the rod” represents being beaten with a rod. The author speaks of God’s punishment as if God had beaten him with a rod. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh was very angry and has beaten me with a rod” or “because Yahweh was very angry and has punished me severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 2 w3mw 0 He drove me away “He forced me to go away”
LAM 3 2 w3mw 0 He drove me away Alternate translation: “He forced me to go away”
LAM 3 2 zm2h figs-metaphor 0 caused me to walk in darkness rather than light Here “darkness” represents suffering. Alternate translation: “caused me to suffer terribly with no hope, like a person walking in darkness rather than light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 3 s83d figs-metonymy 0 he turned his hand against me Here “turned his hand against me” represents attacking him. The author speaks of God causing bad things to happen to him as if God had attacked him. Alternate translation: “he has attacked me” or “he has caused many bad things to happen to me, like someone who attacks a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 4 s5zt 0 He made my flesh and my skin waste away; he broke my bones This could mean: (1) these things are a result of being beaten or (2) these are more ways that God punished the man.
@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ LAM 3 9 b31l 0 a wall of hewn stone “a wall of cut stones.” People would c
LAM 3 9 ire6 figs-metaphor 0 he made my paths crooked Crooked paths do not lead people to where they want to go. Here they represent unsuccessful ways of escaping suffering. Alternate translation: “it is as though he has made my paths crooked” or “I have tried to make the suffering stop, but God has prevented me, like one who prevents another from escaping by making his paths crooked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 10 v9qh figs-simile 0 He is like a bear waiting to ambush me, a lion in hiding The author speaks of God being ready to cause him to suffer more, as if God were a wild animal waiting to attack him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LAM 3 11 m6yw 0 he turned aside my paths This could mean: (1) “he dragged me off the path” or (2) “he caused my path to turn in the wrong direction”
LAM 3 11 whn1 0 he has made me desolate “he has made me hopeless” or “he has not allowed me to have any help”
LAM 3 11 whn1 0 he has made me desolate Alternate translation: “he has made me hopeless” or “he has not allowed me to have any help”
LAM 3 12 pxe7 0 General Information: God is often spoken of as if he were a warrior.
LAM 3 12 eb1t 0 He bent his bow A soldier has to bend his bow in order to shoot an arrow from it. The author speaks of God deciding to cause him trouble as if God were a warrior ready to shoot him with an arrow. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “It was as if God made his bow ready to shoot”
LAM 3 13 yzp2 figs-metaphor 0 He pierced my kidneys with the arrows of his quiver The author speaks of the deep grief he feels as if God had shot his kidneys with an arrow. Alternate translation: “My grief is great. It is as if he pierced my kidneys with the arrows of his quiver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -244,9 +244,9 @@ LAM 3 18 ygy3 figs-personification 0 My endurance has perished and so has my ho
LAM 3 18 b3vb 0 endurance Some versions translate this as “glory” or “splendor.”
LAM 3 19 zfr6 0 General Information: In verses 19 to 42, the writer thinks about the lessons that he and his fellow citizens should learn about God and his anger and mercy.
LAM 3 19 j2d4 figs-doublet 0 wormwood and bitterness Wormwood is a plant that gives a liquid which is very bitter to drink. Together “wormwood” and “bitterness” represent severe suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 20 mz9u 0 my soul is bowed down within me “I am depressed” or “I am discouraged”
LAM 3 20 mz9u 0 my soul is bowed down within me Alternate translation: “I am depressed” or “I am discouraged”
LAM 3 21 t4a6 0 But I call this to mind This means to intentionally think about something. The word “this” refers to something that the author will start to speak about in the next verse. Alternate translation: “But I choose to think about this” or “But I remember this”
LAM 3 21 a2fk 0 I have hope “I hope”
LAM 3 21 a2fk 0 I have hope Alternate translation: “I hope”
LAM 3 22 hf5a figs-abstractnouns 0 The steadfast love of Yahweh never ceases The abstract noun “steadfast love” can be expressed with the phrase “love faithfully.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh never stops loving his people faithfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LAM 3 22 rs8g figs-abstractnouns 0 his compassions never end The abstract noun “compassions” can be translated with the verb “care.” Alternate translation: “he never stops caring for those who suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LAM 3 23 z4xg figs-metaphor 0 they are new every morning The word “they” refers to God’s steadfast love and compassions. Their being new represents God continuing to act according to them. Alternate translation: “every morning he treats us again with steadfast love and compassion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -261,20 +261,20 @@ LAM 3 28 wc7p figs-metaphor 0 when it is laid upon him “when the yoke is laid
LAM 3 30 t75y 0 General Information: The writer speaks of the one who waits for Yahweh ([Lamentations 3:25](../03/25.md)).
LAM 3 30 buv3 figs-metaphor 0 Let him offer his cheek to the one who strikes him The word “him” refers to anyone who is suffering and who waits for Yahweh. Here “offer his cheek” represents allowing someone to strike his cheek. Alternate translation: “Let him allow people to hit him on the face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 30 haw3 figs-metaphor 0 let him be filled to the full with reproach The author speaks of a person as if he were a container and reproach were a liquid. Being filled with reproach represents being reproached much. The implication is that he should be patient when this happens. Alternate translation: “let him be insulted much” or “let him be patient when people reproach him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 32 ytw1 0 though he causes grief “though the Lord causes people to suffer” or “though he afflicts people”
LAM 3 32 fsq4 0 he will have compassion “he will be compassionate to them”
LAM 3 32 ytw1 0 though he causes grief Alternate translation: “though the Lord causes people to suffer” or “though he afflicts people”
LAM 3 32 fsq4 0 he will have compassion Alternate translation: “he will be compassionate to them”
LAM 3 33 lh34 figs-metonymy 0 For he does not afflict from his heart Here the heart represents desire or pleasure, and afflicting from the heart represents afflicting with pleasure. Alternate translation: “For it does not make him happy to afflict people” or “He does not take pleasure in afflicting people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 3 33 n5xv figs-idiom 0 the children of mankind This refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “human beings” or “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LAM 3 34 pgn7 0 General Information: The author wrote in general terms about what is true for all people, but it shows God’s concern for his people, the people of Israel, who were being mistreated by their enemies.
LAM 3 34 m7kv figs-metaphor 0 To crush underfoot Here “crush underfoot” represents abusing and mistreating people. Alternate translation: “To abuse” or “To mistreat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])-
LAM 3 34 kq47 0 To crush “If people crush”
LAM 3 35 pi2h 0 to deny a man justice “if they deny a man justice.” This refers to not allowing a person to have what he deserves. Alternate translation: “to deny a person his rights” or “to keep a person from having what he deserves”
LAM 3 34 kq47 0 To crush Alternate translation: “If people crush”
LAM 3 35 pi2h 0 to deny a man justice This refers to not allowing a person to have what he deserves. Alternate translation: “to deny a person his rights” or “to keep a person from having what he deserves”
LAM 3 35 w96n figs-metonymy 0 in the presence of the Most High Doing something “in the presence of the Most High” represents doing it while knowing that God sees it. Alternate translation: “knowing that the Most High sees it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 3 36 h9te 0 to deny justice to a person Here “deny justice” refers to not making a just decision for a person in a legal concern. Alternate translation: “to judge a person wrongly in court” or “to keep a person who goes to a judge from getting what is right”
LAM 3 36 kp3s 0 to deny justice “if they deny justice”
LAM 3 36 kp3s 0 to deny justice Alternate translation: “if they deny justice”
LAM 3 37 vg2n figs-rquestion 0 Who has spoken and it came to pass, unless the Lord decreed it? The author uses this rhetorical question to teach that when someone commands something to happen, it will happen only if God has already decreed that it should happen. Alternate translation: “No one has spoken and it came to pass, unless the Lord decreed it.” or “What someone has commanded to happen has never happened unless the Lord decreed it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LAM 3 37 b2te figs-explicit 0 has spoken It can be expressed clearly that this refers to commanding something to happen. Alternate translation: “has commanded that something should happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 3 37 q8z2 0 it came to pass “what he said happened”
LAM 3 37 q8z2 0 it came to pass Alternate translation: “what he said happened”
LAM 3 38 hy3k figs-metonymy 0 Is it not from the mouth of the Most High that both calamities and the good come? The author uses this rhetorical question to teach that both calamities and good things happen only because God has commanded them to happen. Alternate translation: “It is only from the mouth of the Most High that both calamities and the good come.” or “It is only because the Most High has commanded it that both calamities and good things happen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LAM 3 38 fk6t figs-metonymy 0 from the mouth of the Most High Here “mouth” represents what God says or commands. Alternate translation: “from the command of the Most High” or “because the Most High has commanded it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 3 38 wsx5 figs-metaphor 0 both calamities and the good come Here “come” represents happening. Also, the nominal adjective “the good” can be stated as “good things.” Alternate translation: “both calamities and good things happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
@ -285,14 +285,14 @@ LAM 3 40 yx5k figs-metaphor 0 let us return to Yahweh Here “return to Yahweh
LAM 3 41 xq7n figs-metaphor 0 Let us lift up our hearts and our hands Here “lift up our hearts” represents praying sincerely. It was customary for the Israelites to raise their hands when praying to God. Alternate translation: “Let us pray sincerely with lifted hands” or “Let us lift up our hands and pray sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 3 42 j5p1 figs-doublet 0 We have transgressed and rebelled The words “transgressed” and “rebelled” share similar meanings. Together they indicate that transgression is the same as rebelling against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LAM 3 43 p547 figs-metaphor 0 You have covered yourself with anger Here anger is spoken of as if it were a garment that God has put on. Hebrew often spoke of emotions as if they were clothing. Alternate translation: “You have been angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 43 e5cg 0 you have killed “you have killed many of us”
LAM 3 43 e5cg 0 you have killed Alternate translation: “you have killed many of us”
LAM 3 43 is87 figs-metaphor 0 you have not spared Here “spared” represents having pity. Alternate translation: “you have not had pity on us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 44 c25d 0 Connecting Statement: The prayer that began in [Lamentations 3:42](../03/42.md) continues.
LAM 3 44 d6dp figs-metaphor 0 You have covered yourself with a cloud so that no prayer can pass through This represents God refusing to listen to the people’s prayer. Alternate translation: “You refuse to listen to our prayers. It is as though you put a cloud between us and you so that our prayers cannot get to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 45 nmh8 figs-simile 0 You have made us like filthy scum and refuse among the nations The people of Israel are compared to filthy scum and refuse. This could mean: (1) God has caused the nations to think of his people as worthless. Alternate translation: “You have made the nations think of us as scum and garbage” or (2) God’s forcing his people to live among the nations is like throwing them away as garbage. Alternate translation: “You have thrown us away like filthy garbage among the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LAM 3 47 jdl3 figs-abstractnouns 0 panic and pitfall have come upon us, ruin and destruction The abstract nouns “panic,” “pitfall,” “ruin” and “destruction” can be expressed with verbs. Alternate translation: “we are panicking. We are trapped, and we are being ruined and destroyed” or “we are terrified and trapped. We are being completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LAM 3 47 bm4w 0 pitfall This refers to falling into a pit. Here it represents being trapped in any way.
LAM 3 47 i597 0 have come upon us “have happened to us”
LAM 3 47 i597 0 have come upon us Alternate translation: “have happened to us”
LAM 3 47 nh6u figs-doublet 0 ruin and destruction These two words share similar meanings and refer to the destruction of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “total destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LAM 3 48 kd2x 0 General Information: The author speaks about himself again.
LAM 3 48 fl1x figs-metaphor 0 My eyes flow with streams of tears Here the author speaks of the great amount of his tears as if they were streams. He uses exaggeration to show that he is very sad and has cried much. Alternate translation: “Tears flow from my eyes like water flowing in a river” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@ -303,9 +303,9 @@ LAM 3 51 i8zw figs-metonymy 0 My eyes cause me grief The phrase “My eyes” r
LAM 3 51 bz52 figs-explicit 0 because of all the daughters of my city It can be stated clearly that the “daughters of my city” are suffering. Alternate translation: “because the daughters of my city are suffering” or “because I see the daughters of my city suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 3 51 qr28 figs-idiom 0 all the daughters of my city This could mean: (1) the women of Jerusalem or (2) all the inhabitants of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LAM 3 52 n4m1 figs-metaphor 0 I have been hunted like a bird by those who were my enemies The author speaks of people looking for him in order to kill him as if he were an animal that they were hunting. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My enemies have looked for me in order to kill me like people who hunt for a bird” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 53 fen2 0 They cast me into a pit “They threw me into a pit” or “They dropped me into a well”
LAM 3 53 fen2 0 They cast me into a pit Alternate translation: “They threw me into a pit” or “They dropped me into a well”
LAM 3 53 t9e4 0 threw a stone on me This could mean: (1) “threw stones down on me” or (2) “covered the pit with a stone”
LAM 3 54 ztv4 0 they caused waters to overflow, covering my head “the level of the water in the pit rose up over my head”
LAM 3 54 ztv4 0 they caused waters to overflow, covering my head Alternate translation: “the level of the water in the pit rose up over my head”
LAM 3 54 hda5 figs-metaphor 0 I have been cut off Being “cut off” often represents being killed. Here it represents dying very soon. Alternate translation: “I am about to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 55 dit3 figs-metonymy 0 I called on your name God’s name represents his character, and here, “called on your name” represents trusting God’s character and calling on him for help. Alternate translation: “I called to you for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 3 55 r7m3 0 from the depths of the pit This could mean: (1) this refers to the pit that author had been thrown into. Alternate translation: “from the bottom of the pit” or (2) the author was afraid that he would die soon, so he spoke as if he were in the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “from the pit of the dead”
@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ LAM 4 1 rhc4 writing-poetry 0 General Information: A new poem begins. See [[rc:
LAM 4 1 su7t figs-metaphor 0 The gold has become tarnished; how the purest gold has changed The people of Jerusalem are spoken of as if they were gold that is no longer shiny, and therefore no longer valuable. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem are like gold that is no longer shiny. They are like pure gold that is no longer beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 4 1 v4ij figs-exclamations 0 how the purest gold has changed This is an exclamation that shows the author’s sadness that this has happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
LAM 4 1 d474 figs-metaphor 0 The holy stones are scattered at the corner of every street This may refer to the temple being destroyed and its stones scattered throughout the city. It may also be a metaphor for the people being scattered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 4 1 ild2 0 at the corner of every street “wherever the streets come together” or “by all the roads”
LAM 4 1 ild2 0 at the corner of every street Alternate translation: “wherever the streets come together” or “by all the roads”
LAM 4 2 va3j figs-metaphor 0 sons of Zion Here people of a city are spoken of as if they were the sons of the city. This could mean: (1) this refers to only the young men of Jerusalem or (2) this refers to all the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 4 2 ld1a figs-metaphor 0 they are worth no more than clay jars, the work of the potter’s hands The author speaks of the precious sons of Zion as if they were considered to be inexpensive clay jars. Alternate translation: “people consider them to be as worthless as the clay jars that potters make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 4 3 a5ip 0 General Information: Because of the lack of food in the city, the people of Jerusalem do not give their children all they need.
@ -337,8 +337,8 @@ LAM 4 3 k8ik 0 jackals fierce wild dogs
LAM 4 3 c37l figs-simile 0 the daughter of my people … like the ostriches in the desert The people in Jerusalem are compared to ostriches because they are cruel to their children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LAM 4 3 ty21 figs-metonymy 0 the daughter of my people has This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “my people have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 4 3 g4l2 0 ostriches large birds that abandon some of their eggs
LAM 4 4 zp13 0 The tongue of the nursing baby sticks to the roof of his mouth by thirst “Nursing babies are so thirsty that their tongues stick to the top of their mouths”
LAM 4 5 sft1 0 feast on “eat much”
LAM 4 4 zp13 0 The tongue of the nursing baby sticks to the roof of his mouth by thirst Alternate translation: “Nursing babies are so thirsty that their tongues stick to the top of their mouths”
LAM 4 5 sft1 0 feast on Alternate translation: “eat much”
LAM 4 5 p6wj 0 now starve in the streets These people no longer have homes, so they live outside along the streets.
LAM 4 5 sg4z figs-activepassive 0 Those who were brought up wearing scarlet clothing This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those who grew up wearing scarlet clothing” or “those who wore scarlet clothing when they were growing up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LAM 4 5 xp9m figs-metonymy 0 scarlet clothing Here this phrase is a metonym for luxurious, expensive, and comfortable clothing, at least some of which was probably scarlet. Alternate translation: “luxurious clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ LAM 4 6 l7zs figs-activepassive 0 which was overthrown in a moment The word “
LAM 4 6 xk36 figs-activepassive 0 no hands were wrung for her This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one wrung their hands for her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LAM 4 6 wg9e figs-metonymy 0 no hands were wrung for her People sometimes rub and twist their hands when they are worried and cannot fix something, so wringing the hands here represents worrying. The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, which was called “the daughter of my people.” Alternate translation: “no one was worried about her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 4 7 gvp4 figs-metaphor 0 Her leaders were purer than snow, whiter than milk This could mean: (1) Jerusalem’s leaders were beautiful to look at because they were physically healthy or (2) the leaders were morally pure as new snow and milk are pure white. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 4 7 wu6d 0 Her leaders “Jerusalem’s leaders”
LAM 4 7 wu6d 0 Her leaders Alternate translation: “Jerusalem’s leaders”
LAM 4 7 cw2z figs-explicit 0 their bodies were more ruddy than coral “their bodies were redder than coral.” This implies that they were healthy. Alternate translation: “their bodies were healthy and red” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 4 7 a385 0 coral a rock-hard red substance that comes from the ocean and was used for making decorations
LAM 4 7 b9bt 0 sapphire a costly blue stone used in jewelry
@ -359,25 +359,25 @@ LAM 4 8 hhs8 figs-explicit 0 Their skin has shriveled on their bones This impli
LAM 4 8 asf7 figs-simile 0 it has become as dry as wood Their dry skin is compared to dry wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LAM 4 9 ke6f figs-metonymy 0 Those who have been killed by the sword Here the “sword” represents an enemy’s attack. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Those whom enemy soldiers have killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LAM 4 9 k4rk figs-metonymy 0 those killed by hunger Here “hunger” represents starvation. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those who starved to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LAM 4 9 zt2w 0 who wasted away “who became extremely thin and weak”
LAM 4 9 zt2w 0 who wasted away Alternate translation: “who became extremely thin and weak”
LAM 4 9 s8er figs-metonymy 0 pierced by the lack of any harvest from the field Here “harvest from the field” is a metonym that represents food to eat. Lack of food is spoken of here as if it were a sword that pierces people. Alternate translation: “who died because there was not enough food to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LAM 4 10 sfz2 figs-synecdoche 0 The hands of compassionate women Here the women are represented by their “hands.” Because they were so hungry, women who had been compassionate in the past were no longer compassionate toward their children; instead they boiled them for food. Alternate translation: “Compassionate women” or “Women who had been compassionate in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LAM 4 10 e7bm 0 they became their food “their children became the women’s food”
LAM 4 10 e7bm 0 they became their food Alternate translation: “their children became the women’s food”
LAM 4 10 bac1 figs-metonymy 0 the daughter of my people was This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “my people were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 4 11 i5ys figs-parallelism 0 Yahweh showed all his wrath; he poured out his fierce anger Yahweh was very angry, and he did everything he wanted to do to show that he was angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LAM 4 11 xr4z figs-metaphor 0 he poured out his fierce anger God’s punishing his people is spoken of as if his anger were a burning hot liquid that he poured out on them. Alternate translation: “because of his fierce anger, he punished his people” or “in fierce anger he responded to his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 4 11 tc8v figs-metonymy 0 He kindled a fire in Zion This represents God causing Israel’s enemies to start a fire in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “He caused a fire to start in Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 4 11 ml4m figs-synecdoche 0 that consumed her foundations Here “her foundations” represents the whole city, even the part of the city that would be ruined last. Alternate translation: “that burned down the city, even its foundations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LAM 4 12 qvf1 0 The kings of the earth did not believe, nor did any of the inhabitants of the world believe, “The kings of the earth and the rest of the inhabitants of the world did not believe”
LAM 4 12 qvf1 0 The kings of the earth did not believe, nor did any of the inhabitants of the world believe, Alternate translation: “The kings of the earth and the rest of the inhabitants of the world did not believe”
LAM 4 12 iy64 figs-doublet 0 enemies or opponents These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that these are people who desired to harm Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “any kind of enemy” or “any of Jerusalem’s enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LAM 4 13 pz3y figs-parallelism 0 the sins of her prophets and the iniquities of her priests These two lines share similar meanings and emphasize that these spiritual leaders were largely responsible for the fall of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the terrible sins of her prophets and priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LAM 4 13 t6hn figs-metonymy 0 who have shed the blood of the righteous Both the priests and the prophets were guilty of murder. Here “shed the blood” represents murder. Alternate translation: “who have murdered the righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 4 14 ah77 figs-metaphor 0 They wandered, blind, through the streets The priests and prophets are spoken of as if they were blind because they wandered through the streets, not knowing where to go. Alternate translation: “They wandered through the streets like blind men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 4 14 b7ti figs-metaphor 0 They were so defiled by that blood Here “defiled” represents being unacceptable to God. Because the priests and prophets murdered people, they were ritually unclean, unable to worship God or be with ordinary people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 4 14 dpi8 figs-metonymy 0 defiled by that blood “defiled by the blood that they shed.” This could mean: (1) the blood was on their clothes or (2) “blood” is a metonym for murder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 4 15 qtp2 0 Away! Unclean “Go away! You are unclean”
LAM 4 15 uf2c 0 Away! Away! Do not touch “Go away! Go away! Do not touch us”
LAM 4 16 s74r 0 scattered them “scattered the prophets and priests”
LAM 4 15 qtp2 0 Away! Unclean Alternate translation: “Go away! You are unclean”
LAM 4 15 uf2c 0 Away! Away! Do not touch Alternate translation: “Go away! Go away! Do not touch us”
LAM 4 16 s74r 0 scattered them Alternate translation: “scattered the prophets and priests”
LAM 4 16 a7if figs-metonymy 0 he does not watch over them anymore Here “watch over them” represents being concerned about them and helping them. Alternate translation: “he does not care about them anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 4 17 j6ac figs-metonymy 0 Our eyes failed, looking in vain for help Their eyes failing represents their seeking and not being able to find what they were looking for. These two phrases together emphasize that they were trying hard to find help. Alternate translation: “We continued looking, but we could not find anyone to help us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 4 17 gw6x figs-abstractnouns 0 for help The abstract noun “help” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “for people to help us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ LAM 4 18 g9cv figs-explicit 0 Our end This could mean: (1) “Our end” refers
LAM 4 18 m59p figs-metaphor 0 our days were numbered Being numbered represents being so few that they could be easily counted. Alternate translation: “we had very little time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 4 18 knb5 figs-metaphor 0 our end had come The phrase “had come” means that what they had expected was now happening. Alternate translation: “it was now the end for us” or “our enemies were attacking us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 4 19 a693 figs-simile 0 Our pursuers were swifter than the eagles in the sky The author compares the speed of their pursuers to the speed of eagles flying. Eagles fly very quickly to catch other animals. Alternate translation: “Those who were chasing us were faster than eagles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LAM 4 19 q2y4 0 lay in wait for us “waited to attack us”
LAM 4 19 q2y4 0 lay in wait for us Alternate translation: “waited to attack us”
LAM 4 20 k8w6 figs-metaphor 0 he was the one who was captured in their pits Here “pits” refers to the enemies’ plans to capture him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he was the one whom our enemies captured by their plans” or “our enemies made plans to capture our king, and they did capture him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LAM 4 20 l1a8 figs-distinguish 0 of whom it was said This phrase with the quote following it gives us more information about the king. The quote shows what the people had hoped the king would do for them before he was trapped. It can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “even though we had said about him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LAM 4 20 d6rl figs-metaphor 0 Under his shadow we will live among the nations Here “his shadow” represents him protecting them. Alternate translation: “Under his protection we will live among the nations” or “Though we may have to live in other nations, he will protect us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -398,12 +398,12 @@ LAM 4 21 k5q4 figs-personification 0 daughter of Edom The people of the land of
LAM 4 21 d53p figs-metaphor 0 But to you also the cup will be passed The cup is a metonym for the wine in it. The wine is a metaphor for punishment. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh will also punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 4 22 i7ub figs-personification 0 Daughter of Zion The people of Jerusalem are spoken of as if they were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])\
LAM 4 22 y3mu figs-abstractnouns 0 your punishment will come to an end “your punishment will end.” The abstract noun punishment can be expressed with the verb “punish.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh will stop punishing you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LAM 4 22 jt3i 0 he will not extend your exile “Yahweh will not make your time in exile longer” or “Yahweh will not make you stay in exile longer”
LAM 4 22 jt3i 0 he will not extend your exile Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not make your time in exile longer” or “Yahweh will not make you stay in exile longer”
LAM 4 22 c3zn figs-metaphor 0 he will uncover your sins Here the sins not being known by others are spoken of as if they are under a cover. Removing the cover represents letting other people know about them. Alternate translation: “he will expose your sins” or “he will cause other people to know how you have sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 5 intro si98 0 # Lamentations 5 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Judah was destroyed for her sin. As slaves, life was very hard. The author wondered if God would be angry forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])
LAM 5 1 hj48 writing-poetry 0 General Information: A new poem begins. See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]].
LAM 5 1 a5gv figs-idiom 0 Remember, Yahweh, what has happened to us “Remember” here is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, think about what has happened to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LAM 5 1 q2dv 0 look and see our disgrace “look at the shameful state we are in”
LAM 5 1 q2dv 0 look and see our disgrace Alternate translation: “look at the shameful state we are in”
LAM 5 2 iwh9 figs-activepassive 0 Our inheritance has been turned over to strangers; our houses to foreigners The idea of things being turned over to others can be expressed with an active form. Since it is also understood in the second part of the sentence, those words can be repeated there. Alternate translation: “You have turned our inheritance over to strangers; you have turned our houses over to strangers” or “You have allowed strangers to take possession of our inheritance; you have allowed foreigners to take possession of our houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LAM 5 3 ijy8 figs-metaphor 0 We have become orphans … our mothers are like widows The people of Jerusalem have no one to protect them because the men have either died in battle or have gone into exile. This speaks of the people not having their fathers and husbands present as if they had actually become orphans and widows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LAM 5 3 alg7 figs-parallelism 0 orphans, the fatherless These two phrases have the same meaning and emphasize that the people no longer have their fathers. Alternate translation: “orphans who have no fathers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -437,6 +437,6 @@ LAM 5 19 x9jh figs-metonymy 0 sit upon your throne Here sitting on the throne r
LAM 5 19 bv71 figs-idiom 0 from generation to generation This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “always” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LAM 5 20 kf3s figs-rquestion 0 Why do you forget us forever? Why do you forsake us for the length of your days? The author uses these rhetorical questions to express his feelings that Yahweh has forgotten them. These questions can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is as though you will forget us forever or not come back to us for a very long time!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LAM 5 20 yr7c figs-idiom 0 for the length of your days Here this idiom refers to the duration of God’s life. Since God lives forever, it can also be translated as “forever.” Perhaps the writer was uing hyperbole and exaggerating the length of time he believed that God was forsaking them. Alternate translation: “for as long as you live” or “forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LAM 5 21 igv8 0 Restore us to yourself “Bring us back to yourself”
LAM 5 21 igv8 0 Restore us to yourself Alternate translation: “Bring us back to yourself”
LAM 5 22 bh9w 0 unless you have utterly rejected us and you are angry with us beyond measure This could mean: (1) that the writer is afraid that Yahweh might be too angry to restore them or (2) that he is saying that Yahweh is too angry to restore them.
LAM 5 22 x3ad figs-hypo 0 are angry with us beyond measure This speaks of Yahweh being very angry as if his anger cannot be measured. This is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “are extremely angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
11 LAM 1 2 vm69 figs-doublet 0 weeps and wails The word “wails” refers to the sounds that a person makes when they “weep” loudly. Alternate translation: “weeps loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
12 LAM 1 2 xf4h figs-metaphor 0 None of her lovers comfort her. All her friends have betrayed her This speaks of the people groups that had been faithful to Jerusalem betraying Jerusalem, as if the people groups were Jerusalem’s lovers and friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13 LAM 1 3 wtj1 figs-personification 0 General Information: In these verses, Jerusalem and Judah are spoken of as if they were women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
14 LAM 1 3 jc3t 0 After poverty and affliction “After suffering poverty and affliction” Alternate translation: “After suffering poverty and affliction”
15 LAM 1 3 d5d4 figs-metonymy 0 Judah has gone into exile Here Judah refers to its inhabitants. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah have gone into exile” or “the people of Judah have been taken into a foreign land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16 LAM 1 3 yb38 figs-personification 0 She lives … finds Here the kingdom of Judah is described as a woman. “She” also stands for the citizens of Judah. Alternate translation: “Her people live … they find” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
17 LAM 1 3 ti2f 0 finds no rest “does not find rest” or “is always afraid” Alternate translation: “does not find rest” or “is always afraid”
18 LAM 1 3 w248 figs-personification 0 All her pursuers overtook her in her desperation This speaks of the people of Judah being captured by their enemies as if they were a woman who was captured by those pursuing her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
19 LAM 1 3 can4 0 All her pursuers overtook her “Everyone who was chasing her managed to capture her” or “Everyone who was hunting for her found her” Alternate translation: “Everyone who was chasing her managed to capture her” or “Everyone who was hunting for her found her”
20 LAM 1 3 fm5d figs-abstractnouns 0 in her desperation The word “desperation” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “when she was desperate” or “when she was distressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
21 LAM 1 4 i8db figs-personification 0 General Information: The city of Zion is spoken of as if it were a woman. In Lamentations, Zion and Jerusalem are names used to refer to the same city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
22 LAM 1 4 h3bm figs-personification 0 The roads of Zion mourn The author speaks of the roads that lead to Zion mourning as if they were human beings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
23 LAM 1 4 x725 0 the appointed feasts “the feasts that God told them to celebrate” Alternate translation: “the feasts that God told them to celebrate”
24 LAM 1 4 ih8f figs-personification 0 All her gates are desolate The word “her” refers to Zion. Alternate translation: “All of Zion’s gates are empty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
25 LAM 1 4 bv2d figs-personification 0 Her virgins are sorrowful and she herself is in complete distress Here the people of Zion being distressed are spoken of as if they were a woman in distress. Alternate translation: “Zion’s virgins are sorrowful, and its people despairing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
26 LAM 1 5 m4mr 0 Her adversaries have become her master; her enemies prosper “Zion’s adversaries rule over it; its enemies prosper” Alternate translation: “Zion’s adversaries rule over it; its enemies prosper”
27 LAM 1 5 h8q8 figs-personification 0 Yahweh has afflicted her for her many sins This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people of Zion for their sins as if they were a woman that Yahweh was punishing. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has afflicted her people because of the sins they have committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
28 LAM 1 5 h9dx figs-abstractnouns 0 Her little children go into captivity to her adversary The word “captivity” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “Her enemy captures her little children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
29 LAM 1 6 e22r figs-personification 0 General Information: The city of Zion is spoken of as if it were a woman. In Lamentations, Zion and Jerusalem are names used to refer to the same city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
31 LAM 1 6 i7te figs-personification 0 daughter of Zion This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
32 LAM 1 6 imv9 figs-simile 0 Her princes have become like deer that cannot find pasture This speaks of Zion’s princes having nothing to eat like deer that cannot find grass to eat. Alternate translation: “Her princes are starving, they are like deer that cannot find grass to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
33 LAM 1 6 q9zi 0 deer A deer is a medium-sized, grass-eating animal that is often hunted by humans for food. It is also a beautiful animal to look at.
34 LAM 1 6 gx4l 0 they go without strength before “they are not strong enough to run away from” or “they are very weak before” Alternate translation: “they are not strong enough to run away from” or “they are very weak before”
35 LAM 1 6 m8wr 0 their pursuer “the person that is pursuing them” Alternate translation: “the person that is pursuing them”
36 LAM 1 7 yp42 0 In the days of her affliction and her homelessness “During the time of her affliction and her homelessness” Alternate translation: “During the time of her affliction and her homelessness”
37 LAM 1 7 g8bb figs-metonymy 0 Jerusalem will call to mind Here “Jerusalem” refers to the people who live there. The phrase “call to mind” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem will remember” or “Jerusalem will remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
38 LAM 1 7 p1pa 0 precious treasures This refers to their valuable possessions.
39 LAM 1 7 kyv3 figs-explicit 0 in former days “in the past.” This refers to the time before the people of Jerusalem were captured. Alternate translation: “before this disaster happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
49 LAM 1 9 z2lm figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person who God considers to be spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
50 LAM 1 9 r5x9 figs-idiom 0 Her fall was terrible The phrase “her fall” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Her downfall was astonishing” or “Those who saw her destruction were surprised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
51 LAM 1 9 h7er figs-personification 0 Look at my affliction, Yahweh This could mean that: (1) the author of Lamentations now talks directly to Yahweh or (2) Jerusalem is described as talking to Yahweh like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
52 LAM 1 9 fv36 0 Look at “Pay attention to” Alternate translation: “Pay attention to”
53 LAM 1 9 bx6p figs-explicit 0 the enemy has become too great This means that they enemy army has become too large and powerful and has defeated Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the enemy army has defeated me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
54 LAM 1 10 mu6h figs-idiom 0 has put his hand on This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “has taken possession of” or “has stolen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
55 LAM 1 10 mp1s 0 precious treasures This refers to their valuable possessions.
60 LAM 1 11 sr71 figs-synecdoche 0 bread This refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
61 LAM 1 11 q7bp figs-explicit 0 They have given their precious treasures for food This means they traded their wealth and their valuables in exchange for food. Alternate translation: “They have traded their precious treasures in exchange for food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
62 LAM 1 11 kx7c 0 precious treasures This refers to their valuable possessions.
63 LAM 1 11 u733 0 to restore their lives “to save their lives” or “to restore their strength” Alternate translation: “to save their lives” or “to restore their strength”
64 LAM 1 11 ae41 figs-personification 0 Look, Yahweh, and consider me Here Jerusalem speaks directly to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
65 LAM 1 12 lv2d figs-rquestion 0 Is it nothing to you, all you who pass by? This rhetorical question is an accusation aganist the people who walk past Jerusalem and do not care about its well-being. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “All you who pass by should care more for my affliction!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
66 LAM 1 12 hb8j figs-personification 0 Is it nothing to you Here Jerusalem continues to speak, but now to people who pass by instead of to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
77 LAM 1 14 m9ta figs-metonymy 0 given me over into their hands “given me over into the hands of my enemies.” Here their enemies’ control is represented by their “hands.” Alternate translation: “given my over to the control of my enemies” or “let my enemies defeat me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
78 LAM 1 14 rm8k figs-idiom 0 I am not able to stand This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I cannot resist them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
79 LAM 1 15 b3xh figs-personification 0 General Information: In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
80 LAM 1 15 ruu7 0 mighty men “strongest soldiers” Alternate translation: “strongest soldiers”
81 LAM 1 15 ct6z figs-metaphor 0 an assembly Here the enemy army attacking Jerusalem is spoken of as if it were a meeting of people who have come together in order to accuse and condemn someone. Alternate translation: “a great army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
82 LAM 1 15 zrt4 0 to crush my vigorous men This speaks of the enemy army defeating the soldiers of Jerusalem as if they crushed them. Alternate translation: “to defeat my vigorous men”
83 LAM 1 15 yz3y 0 vigorous men This refers to men at the strongest time of their lives.
85 LAM 1 15 w82e figs-metaphor 0 the virgin daughter of Judah This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. The word “virgin” suggests that this woman is pure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
86 LAM 1 16 ze56 figs-personification 0 General Information: In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. In Lamentations, Zion and Jerusalem are names used to refer to the same city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
87 LAM 1 16 p25m figs-metaphor 0 for a comforter is far from me, one who restores my life This speaks of Jerusalem having no one to comfort her as if she did have a comforter, but that he was far away. The word “comforter” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “for there is no one to comfort me and restore my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
88 LAM 1 16 h5c9 0 restores my life “revives me” Alternate translation: “revives me”
89 LAM 1 17 ua88 figs-personification 0 Zion has spread her hands wide Here Jerusalem no longer speaks about herself; instead the author describes Jerusalem. He speaks of Zion as if it were a woman that lifts up her hands to ask for help. Alternate translation: “Zion has reached out for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
90 LAM 1 17 jc3i 0 those around Jacob “the people around Jacob” or “the nations surrounding Jacob” Alternate translation: “the people around Jacob” or “the nations surrounding Jacob”
91 LAM 1 17 f1em figs-metonymy 0 around Jacob should be his adversaries Here “Jacob” refers to his descendants, that is Israel. Alternate translation: “around Jacob’s descendants should be their adversaries” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
92 LAM 1 17 t8w2 figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
93 LAM 1 18 cz8z figs-personification 0 General Information: In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
95 LAM 1 18 f15f figs-abstractnouns 0 see my sorrow The word “sorrow” can be expressed as a “sad.” Alternate translation: “see how extremely sad I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
96 LAM 1 18 lnt9 figs-synecdoche 0 My virgins and my vigorous men have gone into captivity Here all of the people of Jerusalem who were taken into captivity are represented by the “virgins” and the “vigorous men” who were taken. Alternate translation: “Many of my people, including my virgins and vigorous men, have gone into captivity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
97 LAM 1 18 ay2g 0 vigorous men This refers to men at the strongest time of their lives. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 1:15](../01/15.md).
98 LAM 1 19 ffv5 0 I called for my friends “I called for my friends to help me” or “I called for my allies to help me” Alternate translation: “I called for my friends to help me” or “I called for my allies to help me”
99 LAM 1 19 i88c figs-explicit 0 they were treacherous toward me This means that they betrayed him. Alternate translation: “they betrayed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
100 LAM 1 19 i9bk 0 to restore their lives “to save their lives” or “to restore their strength” Alternate translation: “to save their lives” or “to restore their strength”
101 LAM 1 20 tsg9 figs-personification 0 General Information: In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
102 LAM 1 20 le5p figs-personification 0 Look, Yahweh, for I am in distress Jerusalem continues to talk about herself as if she were a woman, but now talks directly to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
103 LAM 1 20 csk1 figs-metaphor 0 my stomach churns The word “churn” means to move around violently, normally in a circular rotation. This does not mean the stomach is literally churning, but describes how the woman, representing Jerusalem, feels. Alternate translation: “my insides ache” or “my stomach hurts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
141 LAM 2 6 w3hh 0 a garden hut a very small building for holding farming tools or for sheltering someone who is guarding a garden
142 LAM 2 6 tg96 figs-metonymy 0 He has destroyed the place of the solemn assembly The Lord caused Israel’s enemies to destroy it. He did not destroy it himself. Alternate translation: “He has caused the place of the solemn assembly to be destroyed” or “He has caused their enemies to destroy the place of the solemn assembly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
143 LAM 2 6 zkt2 figs-activepassive 0 caused both solemn assembly and Sabbath to be forgotten in Zion This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “caused the people in Zion to forget both solemn assembly and Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
144 LAM 2 6 y8if 0 in the indignation of his anger “because he was extremely angry with them” Alternate translation: “because he was extremely angry with them”
145 LAM 2 7 ub33 figs-metonymy 0 He has given over the walls of her palaces into the hand of the enemy Here the enemy’s “hand” refers to the enemy’s control. Alternate translation: “He has allowed the enemy to capture the walls of her palaces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
146 LAM 2 7 vn7k figs-synecdoche 0 the walls of her palaces Here, the word **her** may refer either to the temple or to Jersualem. Possible translations are: (1) “the walls of the temple” or (2) “the walls of Jerusalem’s palaces.” The word “walls” is a synecdoche for the whole building, and the building is a synecdoche for all of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
147 LAM 2 7 jx6y figs-irony 0 They have raised a shout in the house of Yahweh, as on the day of an appointed feast This is an ironic comparison between the happy, noisy festivals of Israel and the loud shouts of victory of the Babylonians. Alternate translation: “They have raised a shout in the house of Yahweh, as the Israelites would during an appointed feast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
175 LAM 2 15 na4v translate-symaction 0 clap their hands … hiss and shake their heads These actions are used to mock and insult others. Alternate translation: “mock you by clapping their hands … hiss and shake their heads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
176 LAM 2 15 s9nn figs-personification 0 the daughter of Jerusalem This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
177 LAM 2 15 cxb8 figs-rquestion 0 Is this the city that they called ‘The Perfection of Beauty,’ ‘The Joy for All of Earth’? This rhetorical question is used to express sarcasm. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “This city that they called ‘The Perfection of Beauty,’ ‘The Joy for All of Earth,’ is not so beautiful or joyful anymore!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
178 LAM 2 15 rkz8 0 The Perfection of Beauty “Perfectly Beautiful” Alternate translation: “Perfectly Beautiful”
179 LAM 2 16 t9p2 translate-symaction 0 grind their teeth This action shows a person’s anger and that they are mocking others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
180 LAM 2 16 v2ed figs-metaphor 0 We have swallowed her up Here the people speak of destroying Jerusalem as if they were an animal swallowing its food. Alternate translation: “We have completely destroyed Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
181 LAM 2 16 p7nl figs-idiom 0 We have lived to see it This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “We have greatly desired to see it happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
182 LAM 2 17 sv6l 0 He has overthrown “He has destroyed” Alternate translation: “He has destroyed”
183 LAM 2 17 l2hu 0 to rejoice over you This means that the enemy rejoiced because they defeated them. Alternate translation: “to rejoice over defeating you”
184 LAM 2 17 b3zb figs-metonymy 0 he has lifted up the horn of your enemies Here **horn** (that is, an animal horn) represents strength. Alternate translation: “he has increased the power of your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
185 LAM 2 18 v62e figs-synecdoche 0 Their heart cried out to the Lord Here the word **heart** represents the whole person emphasizing one’s innermost being. Possible meanings of who cried out are: (1) the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem shouted to the Lord from their innermost being” or (2) the walls are being personified. Alternate translation: “You walls, cry out to the Lord from your innermost being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
187 LAM 2 18 ew4w figs-personification 0 the daughter of Zion This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
188 LAM 2 18 mbx5 figs-metaphor 0 Make your tears flow down like a river This speaks of the people crying so much that their tears would flow like a river. Alternate translation: “Cry many, many tears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
189 LAM 2 18 kbz7 figs-merism 0 day and night These two opposite times of day refer to all the time. Alternate translation: “all of the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
190 LAM 2 18 s698 0 Give yourself no relief, your eyes no relief “Do not allow yourself and your eyes to rest from crying” Alternate translation: “Do not allow yourself and your eyes to rest from crying”
191 LAM 2 19 t1js figs-apostrophe 0 Arise, cry out … of every street The writer continues speaking to the walls of Jerusalem. He wants the people of Jerusalem to do what he is telling the walls to do. Some translations take this whole section to be spoken to the “walls,” though this can be written with the first phrase “walls of the daughter of Zion!” spoken to the “walls,” and the rest of the section spoken directly to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
192 LAM 2 19 bb9r 0 at the beginning of the night watches “many times during the night.” This refers to every time a watchman came on duty.
193 LAM 2 19 n8wa figs-idiom 0 Pour out your heart like water before the face of the Lord The phrase “pour out your heart like water” is an idiom. Here the Lord is represented by his “face” to emphasize his presence. Alternate translation: “Tell the Lord how you feel in your inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
210 LAM 3 1 q73v writing-poetry 0 A new poem begins. Here the author speaks of the sufferings that his people experienced. He speaks about them as if God had personally attacked only him. However, the writer intends to speak for everyone in the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
211 LAM 3 1 z56p figs-metaphor 0 who has seen misery Here “has seen” represents has experienced. Alternate translation: “who has experienced misery” or “who has suffered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
212 LAM 3 1 w5zk figs-metonymy 0 under the rod of Yahweh’s fury Being “under the rod” represents being beaten with a rod. The author speaks of God’s punishment as if God had beaten him with a rod. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh was very angry and has beaten me with a rod” or “because Yahweh was very angry and has punished me severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
213 LAM 3 2 w3mw 0 He drove me away “He forced me to go away” Alternate translation: “He forced me to go away”
214 LAM 3 2 zm2h figs-metaphor 0 caused me to walk in darkness rather than light Here “darkness” represents suffering. Alternate translation: “caused me to suffer terribly with no hope, like a person walking in darkness rather than light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
215 LAM 3 3 s83d figs-metonymy 0 he turned his hand against me Here “turned his hand against me” represents attacking him. The author speaks of God causing bad things to happen to him as if God had attacked him. Alternate translation: “he has attacked me” or “he has caused many bad things to happen to me, like someone who attacks a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
216 LAM 3 4 s5zt 0 He made my flesh and my skin waste away; he broke my bones This could mean: (1) these things are a result of being beaten or (2) these are more ways that God punished the man.
226 LAM 3 9 ire6 figs-metaphor 0 he made my paths crooked Crooked paths do not lead people to where they want to go. Here they represent unsuccessful ways of escaping suffering. Alternate translation: “it is as though he has made my paths crooked” or “I have tried to make the suffering stop, but God has prevented me, like one who prevents another from escaping by making his paths crooked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
227 LAM 3 10 v9qh figs-simile 0 He is like a bear waiting to ambush me, a lion in hiding The author speaks of God being ready to cause him to suffer more, as if God were a wild animal waiting to attack him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
228 LAM 3 11 m6yw 0 he turned aside my paths This could mean: (1) “he dragged me off the path” or (2) “he caused my path to turn in the wrong direction”
229 LAM 3 11 whn1 0 he has made me desolate “he has made me hopeless” or “he has not allowed me to have any help” Alternate translation: “he has made me hopeless” or “he has not allowed me to have any help”
230 LAM 3 12 pxe7 0 General Information: God is often spoken of as if he were a warrior.
231 LAM 3 12 eb1t 0 He bent his bow A soldier has to bend his bow in order to shoot an arrow from it. The author speaks of God deciding to cause him trouble as if God were a warrior ready to shoot him with an arrow. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “It was as if God made his bow ready to shoot”
232 LAM 3 13 yzp2 figs-metaphor 0 He pierced my kidneys with the arrows of his quiver The author speaks of the deep grief he feels as if God had shot his kidneys with an arrow. Alternate translation: “My grief is great. It is as if he pierced my kidneys with the arrows of his quiver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
244 LAM 3 18 b3vb 0 endurance Some versions translate this as “glory” or “splendor.”
245 LAM 3 19 zfr6 0 General Information: In verses 19 to 42, the writer thinks about the lessons that he and his fellow citizens should learn about God and his anger and mercy.
246 LAM 3 19 j2d4 figs-doublet 0 wormwood and bitterness Wormwood is a plant that gives a liquid which is very bitter to drink. Together “wormwood” and “bitterness” represent severe suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
247 LAM 3 20 mz9u 0 my soul is bowed down within me “I am depressed” or “I am discouraged” Alternate translation: “I am depressed” or “I am discouraged”
248 LAM 3 21 t4a6 0 But I call this to mind This means to intentionally think about something. The word “this” refers to something that the author will start to speak about in the next verse. Alternate translation: “But I choose to think about this” or “But I remember this”
249 LAM 3 21 a2fk 0 I have hope “I hope” Alternate translation: “I hope”
250 LAM 3 22 hf5a figs-abstractnouns 0 The steadfast love of Yahweh never ceases The abstract noun “steadfast love” can be expressed with the phrase “love faithfully.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh never stops loving his people faithfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
251 LAM 3 22 rs8g figs-abstractnouns 0 his compassions never end The abstract noun “compassions” can be translated with the verb “care.” Alternate translation: “he never stops caring for those who suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
252 LAM 3 23 z4xg figs-metaphor 0 they are new every morning The word “they” refers to God’s steadfast love and compassions. Their being new represents God continuing to act according to them. Alternate translation: “every morning he treats us again with steadfast love and compassion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
261 LAM 3 30 t75y 0 General Information: The writer speaks of the one who waits for Yahweh ([Lamentations 3:25](../03/25.md)).
262 LAM 3 30 buv3 figs-metaphor 0 Let him offer his cheek to the one who strikes him The word “him” refers to anyone who is suffering and who waits for Yahweh. Here “offer his cheek” represents allowing someone to strike his cheek. Alternate translation: “Let him allow people to hit him on the face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
263 LAM 3 30 haw3 figs-metaphor 0 let him be filled to the full with reproach The author speaks of a person as if he were a container and reproach were a liquid. Being filled with reproach represents being reproached much. The implication is that he should be patient when this happens. Alternate translation: “let him be insulted much” or “let him be patient when people reproach him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
264 LAM 3 32 ytw1 0 though he causes grief “though the Lord causes people to suffer” or “though he afflicts people” Alternate translation: “though the Lord causes people to suffer” or “though he afflicts people”
265 LAM 3 32 fsq4 0 he will have compassion “he will be compassionate to them” Alternate translation: “he will be compassionate to them”
266 LAM 3 33 lh34 figs-metonymy 0 For he does not afflict from his heart Here the heart represents desire or pleasure, and afflicting from the heart represents afflicting with pleasure. Alternate translation: “For it does not make him happy to afflict people” or “He does not take pleasure in afflicting people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
267 LAM 3 33 n5xv figs-idiom 0 the children of mankind This refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “human beings” or “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
268 LAM 3 34 pgn7 0 General Information: The author wrote in general terms about what is true for all people, but it shows God’s concern for his people, the people of Israel, who were being mistreated by their enemies.
269 LAM 3 34 m7kv figs-metaphor 0 To crush underfoot Here “crush underfoot” represents abusing and mistreating people. Alternate translation: “To abuse” or “To mistreat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])-
270 LAM 3 34 kq47 0 To crush “If people crush” Alternate translation: “If people crush”
271 LAM 3 35 pi2h 0 to deny a man justice “if they deny a man justice.” This refers to not allowing a person to have what he deserves. Alternate translation: “to deny a person his rights” or “to keep a person from having what he deserves” This refers to not allowing a person to have what he deserves. Alternate translation: “to deny a person his rights” or “to keep a person from having what he deserves”
272 LAM 3 35 w96n figs-metonymy 0 in the presence of the Most High Doing something “in the presence of the Most High” represents doing it while knowing that God sees it. Alternate translation: “knowing that the Most High sees it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
273 LAM 3 36 h9te 0 to deny justice to a person Here “deny justice” refers to not making a just decision for a person in a legal concern. Alternate translation: “to judge a person wrongly in court” or “to keep a person who goes to a judge from getting what is right”
274 LAM 3 36 kp3s 0 to deny justice “if they deny justice” Alternate translation: “if they deny justice”
275 LAM 3 37 vg2n figs-rquestion 0 Who has spoken and it came to pass, unless the Lord decreed it? The author uses this rhetorical question to teach that when someone commands something to happen, it will happen only if God has already decreed that it should happen. Alternate translation: “No one has spoken and it came to pass, unless the Lord decreed it.” or “What someone has commanded to happen has never happened unless the Lord decreed it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
276 LAM 3 37 b2te figs-explicit 0 has spoken It can be expressed clearly that this refers to commanding something to happen. Alternate translation: “has commanded that something should happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
277 LAM 3 37 q8z2 0 it came to pass “what he said happened” Alternate translation: “what he said happened”
278 LAM 3 38 hy3k figs-metonymy 0 Is it not from the mouth of the Most High that both calamities and the good come? The author uses this rhetorical question to teach that both calamities and good things happen only because God has commanded them to happen. Alternate translation: “It is only from the mouth of the Most High that both calamities and the good come.” or “It is only because the Most High has commanded it that both calamities and good things happen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
279 LAM 3 38 fk6t figs-metonymy 0 from the mouth of the Most High Here “mouth” represents what God says or commands. Alternate translation: “from the command of the Most High” or “because the Most High has commanded it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
280 LAM 3 38 wsx5 figs-metaphor 0 both calamities and the good come Here “come” represents happening. Also, the nominal adjective “the good” can be stated as “good things.” Alternate translation: “both calamities and good things happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
285 LAM 3 41 xq7n figs-metaphor 0 Let us lift up our hearts and our hands Here “lift up our hearts” represents praying sincerely. It was customary for the Israelites to raise their hands when praying to God. Alternate translation: “Let us pray sincerely with lifted hands” or “Let us lift up our hands and pray sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
286 LAM 3 42 j5p1 figs-doublet 0 We have transgressed and rebelled The words “transgressed” and “rebelled” share similar meanings. Together they indicate that transgression is the same as rebelling against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
287 LAM 3 43 p547 figs-metaphor 0 You have covered yourself with anger Here anger is spoken of as if it were a garment that God has put on. Hebrew often spoke of emotions as if they were clothing. Alternate translation: “You have been angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
288 LAM 3 43 e5cg 0 you have killed “you have killed many of us” Alternate translation: “you have killed many of us”
289 LAM 3 43 is87 figs-metaphor 0 you have not spared Here “spared” represents having pity. Alternate translation: “you have not had pity on us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
290 LAM 3 44 c25d 0 Connecting Statement: The prayer that began in [Lamentations 3:42](../03/42.md) continues.
291 LAM 3 44 d6dp figs-metaphor 0 You have covered yourself with a cloud so that no prayer can pass through This represents God refusing to listen to the people’s prayer. Alternate translation: “You refuse to listen to our prayers. It is as though you put a cloud between us and you so that our prayers cannot get to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
292 LAM 3 45 nmh8 figs-simile 0 You have made us like filthy scum and refuse among the nations The people of Israel are compared to filthy scum and refuse. This could mean: (1) God has caused the nations to think of his people as worthless. Alternate translation: “You have made the nations think of us as scum and garbage” or (2) God’s forcing his people to live among the nations is like throwing them away as garbage. Alternate translation: “You have thrown us away like filthy garbage among the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
293 LAM 3 47 jdl3 figs-abstractnouns 0 panic and pitfall have come upon us, ruin and destruction The abstract nouns “panic,” “pitfall,” “ruin” and “destruction” can be expressed with verbs. Alternate translation: “we are panicking. We are trapped, and we are being ruined and destroyed” or “we are terrified and trapped. We are being completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
294 LAM 3 47 bm4w 0 pitfall This refers to falling into a pit. Here it represents being trapped in any way.
295 LAM 3 47 i597 0 have come upon us “have happened to us” Alternate translation: “have happened to us”
296 LAM 3 47 nh6u figs-doublet 0 ruin and destruction These two words share similar meanings and refer to the destruction of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “total destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
297 LAM 3 48 kd2x 0 General Information: The author speaks about himself again.
298 LAM 3 48 fl1x figs-metaphor 0 My eyes flow with streams of tears Here the author speaks of the great amount of his tears as if they were streams. He uses exaggeration to show that he is very sad and has cried much. Alternate translation: “Tears flow from my eyes like water flowing in a river” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
303 LAM 3 51 bz52 figs-explicit 0 because of all the daughters of my city It can be stated clearly that the “daughters of my city” are suffering. Alternate translation: “because the daughters of my city are suffering” or “because I see the daughters of my city suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
304 LAM 3 51 qr28 figs-idiom 0 all the daughters of my city This could mean: (1) the women of Jerusalem or (2) all the inhabitants of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
305 LAM 3 52 n4m1 figs-metaphor 0 I have been hunted like a bird by those who were my enemies The author speaks of people looking for him in order to kill him as if he were an animal that they were hunting. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My enemies have looked for me in order to kill me like people who hunt for a bird” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
306 LAM 3 53 fen2 0 They cast me into a pit “They threw me into a pit” or “They dropped me into a well” Alternate translation: “They threw me into a pit” or “They dropped me into a well”
307 LAM 3 53 t9e4 0 threw a stone on me This could mean: (1) “threw stones down on me” or (2) “covered the pit with a stone”
308 LAM 3 54 ztv4 0 they caused waters to overflow, covering my head “the level of the water in the pit rose up over my head” Alternate translation: “the level of the water in the pit rose up over my head”
309 LAM 3 54 hda5 figs-metaphor 0 I have been cut off Being “cut off” often represents being killed. Here it represents dying very soon. Alternate translation: “I am about to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
310 LAM 3 55 dit3 figs-metonymy 0 I called on your name God’s name represents his character, and here, “called on your name” represents trusting God’s character and calling on him for help. Alternate translation: “I called to you for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
311 LAM 3 55 r7m3 0 from the depths of the pit This could mean: (1) this refers to the pit that author had been thrown into. Alternate translation: “from the bottom of the pit” or (2) the author was afraid that he would die soon, so he spoke as if he were in the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “from the pit of the dead”
328 LAM 4 1 su7t figs-metaphor 0 The gold has become tarnished; how the purest gold has changed The people of Jerusalem are spoken of as if they were gold that is no longer shiny, and therefore no longer valuable. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem are like gold that is no longer shiny. They are like pure gold that is no longer beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
329 LAM 4 1 v4ij figs-exclamations 0 how the purest gold has changed This is an exclamation that shows the author’s sadness that this has happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
330 LAM 4 1 d474 figs-metaphor 0 The holy stones are scattered at the corner of every street This may refer to the temple being destroyed and its stones scattered throughout the city. It may also be a metaphor for the people being scattered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
331 LAM 4 1 ild2 0 at the corner of every street “wherever the streets come together” or “by all the roads” Alternate translation: “wherever the streets come together” or “by all the roads”
332 LAM 4 2 va3j figs-metaphor 0 sons of Zion Here people of a city are spoken of as if they were the sons of the city. This could mean: (1) this refers to only the young men of Jerusalem or (2) this refers to all the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
333 LAM 4 2 ld1a figs-metaphor 0 they are worth no more than clay jars, the work of the potter’s hands The author speaks of the precious sons of Zion as if they were considered to be inexpensive clay jars. Alternate translation: “people consider them to be as worthless as the clay jars that potters make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
334 LAM 4 3 a5ip 0 General Information: Because of the lack of food in the city, the people of Jerusalem do not give their children all they need.
337 LAM 4 3 c37l figs-simile 0 the daughter of my people … like the ostriches in the desert The people in Jerusalem are compared to ostriches because they are cruel to their children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
338 LAM 4 3 ty21 figs-metonymy 0 the daughter of my people has This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “my people have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
339 LAM 4 3 g4l2 0 ostriches large birds that abandon some of their eggs
340 LAM 4 4 zp13 0 The tongue of the nursing baby sticks to the roof of his mouth by thirst “Nursing babies are so thirsty that their tongues stick to the top of their mouths” Alternate translation: “Nursing babies are so thirsty that their tongues stick to the top of their mouths”
341 LAM 4 5 sft1 0 feast on “eat much” Alternate translation: “eat much”
342 LAM 4 5 p6wj 0 now starve in the streets These people no longer have homes, so they live outside along the streets.
343 LAM 4 5 sg4z figs-activepassive 0 Those who were brought up wearing scarlet clothing This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those who grew up wearing scarlet clothing” or “those who wore scarlet clothing when they were growing up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
344 LAM 4 5 xp9m figs-metonymy 0 scarlet clothing Here this phrase is a metonym for luxurious, expensive, and comfortable clothing, at least some of which was probably scarlet. Alternate translation: “luxurious clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
349 LAM 4 6 xk36 figs-activepassive 0 no hands were wrung for her This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one wrung their hands for her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
350 LAM 4 6 wg9e figs-metonymy 0 no hands were wrung for her People sometimes rub and twist their hands when they are worried and cannot fix something, so wringing the hands here represents worrying. The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, which was called “the daughter of my people.” Alternate translation: “no one was worried about her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
351 LAM 4 7 gvp4 figs-metaphor 0 Her leaders were purer than snow, whiter than milk This could mean: (1) Jerusalem’s leaders were beautiful to look at because they were physically healthy or (2) the leaders were morally pure as new snow and milk are pure white. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
352 LAM 4 7 wu6d 0 Her leaders “Jerusalem’s leaders” Alternate translation: “Jerusalem’s leaders”
353 LAM 4 7 cw2z figs-explicit 0 their bodies were more ruddy than coral “their bodies were redder than coral.” This implies that they were healthy. Alternate translation: “their bodies were healthy and red” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
354 LAM 4 7 a385 0 coral a rock-hard red substance that comes from the ocean and was used for making decorations
355 LAM 4 7 b9bt 0 sapphire a costly blue stone used in jewelry
359 LAM 4 8 asf7 figs-simile 0 it has become as dry as wood Their dry skin is compared to dry wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
360 LAM 4 9 ke6f figs-metonymy 0 Those who have been killed by the sword Here the “sword” represents an enemy’s attack. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Those whom enemy soldiers have killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
361 LAM 4 9 k4rk figs-metonymy 0 those killed by hunger Here “hunger” represents starvation. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those who starved to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
362 LAM 4 9 zt2w 0 who wasted away “who became extremely thin and weak” Alternate translation: “who became extremely thin and weak”
363 LAM 4 9 s8er figs-metonymy 0 pierced by the lack of any harvest from the field Here “harvest from the field” is a metonym that represents food to eat. Lack of food is spoken of here as if it were a sword that pierces people. Alternate translation: “who died because there was not enough food to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
364 LAM 4 10 sfz2 figs-synecdoche 0 The hands of compassionate women Here the women are represented by their “hands.” Because they were so hungry, women who had been compassionate in the past were no longer compassionate toward their children; instead they boiled them for food. Alternate translation: “Compassionate women” or “Women who had been compassionate in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
365 LAM 4 10 e7bm 0 they became their food “their children became the women’s food” Alternate translation: “their children became the women’s food”
366 LAM 4 10 bac1 figs-metonymy 0 the daughter of my people was This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “my people were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
367 LAM 4 11 i5ys figs-parallelism 0 Yahweh showed all his wrath; he poured out his fierce anger Yahweh was very angry, and he did everything he wanted to do to show that he was angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
368 LAM 4 11 xr4z figs-metaphor 0 he poured out his fierce anger God’s punishing his people is spoken of as if his anger were a burning hot liquid that he poured out on them. Alternate translation: “because of his fierce anger, he punished his people” or “in fierce anger he responded to his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
369 LAM 4 11 tc8v figs-metonymy 0 He kindled a fire in Zion This represents God causing Israel’s enemies to start a fire in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “He caused a fire to start in Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
370 LAM 4 11 ml4m figs-synecdoche 0 that consumed her foundations Here “her foundations” represents the whole city, even the part of the city that would be ruined last. Alternate translation: “that burned down the city, even its foundations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
371 LAM 4 12 qvf1 0 The kings of the earth did not believe, nor did any of the inhabitants of the world believe, “The kings of the earth and the rest of the inhabitants of the world did not believe” Alternate translation: “The kings of the earth and the rest of the inhabitants of the world did not believe”
372 LAM 4 12 iy64 figs-doublet 0 enemies or opponents These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that these are people who desired to harm Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “any kind of enemy” or “any of Jerusalem’s enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
373 LAM 4 13 pz3y figs-parallelism 0 the sins of her prophets and the iniquities of her priests These two lines share similar meanings and emphasize that these spiritual leaders were largely responsible for the fall of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the terrible sins of her prophets and priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
374 LAM 4 13 t6hn figs-metonymy 0 who have shed the blood of the righteous Both the priests and the prophets were guilty of murder. Here “shed the blood” represents murder. Alternate translation: “who have murdered the righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
375 LAM 4 14 ah77 figs-metaphor 0 They wandered, blind, through the streets The priests and prophets are spoken of as if they were blind because they wandered through the streets, not knowing where to go. Alternate translation: “They wandered through the streets like blind men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
376 LAM 4 14 b7ti figs-metaphor 0 They were so defiled by that blood Here “defiled” represents being unacceptable to God. Because the priests and prophets murdered people, they were ritually unclean, unable to worship God or be with ordinary people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
377 LAM 4 14 dpi8 figs-metonymy 0 defiled by that blood “defiled by the blood that they shed.” This could mean: (1) the blood was on their clothes or (2) “blood” is a metonym for murder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
378 LAM 4 15 qtp2 0 Away! Unclean “Go away! You are unclean” Alternate translation: “Go away! You are unclean”
379 LAM 4 15 uf2c 0 Away! Away! Do not touch “Go away! Go away! Do not touch us” Alternate translation: “Go away! Go away! Do not touch us”
380 LAM 4 16 s74r 0 scattered them “scattered the prophets and priests” Alternate translation: “scattered the prophets and priests”
381 LAM 4 16 a7if figs-metonymy 0 he does not watch over them anymore Here “watch over them” represents being concerned about them and helping them. Alternate translation: “he does not care about them anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
382 LAM 4 17 j6ac figs-metonymy 0 Our eyes failed, looking in vain for help Their eyes failing represents their seeking and not being able to find what they were looking for. These two phrases together emphasize that they were trying hard to find help. Alternate translation: “We continued looking, but we could not find anyone to help us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
383 LAM 4 17 gw6x figs-abstractnouns 0 for help The abstract noun “help” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “for people to help us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
389 LAM 4 18 m59p figs-metaphor 0 our days were numbered Being numbered represents being so few that they could be easily counted. Alternate translation: “we had very little time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
390 LAM 4 18 knb5 figs-metaphor 0 our end had come The phrase “had come” means that what they had expected was now happening. Alternate translation: “it was now the end for us” or “our enemies were attacking us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
391 LAM 4 19 a693 figs-simile 0 Our pursuers were swifter than the eagles in the sky The author compares the speed of their pursuers to the speed of eagles flying. Eagles fly very quickly to catch other animals. Alternate translation: “Those who were chasing us were faster than eagles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
392 LAM 4 19 q2y4 0 lay in wait for us “waited to attack us” Alternate translation: “waited to attack us”
393 LAM 4 20 k8w6 figs-metaphor 0 he was the one who was captured in their pits Here “pits” refers to the enemies’ plans to capture him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he was the one whom our enemies captured by their plans” or “our enemies made plans to capture our king, and they did capture him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
394 LAM 4 20 l1a8 figs-distinguish 0 of whom it was said This phrase with the quote following it gives us more information about the king. The quote shows what the people had hoped the king would do for them before he was trapped. It can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “even though we had said about him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
395 LAM 4 20 d6rl figs-metaphor 0 Under his shadow we will live among the nations Here “his shadow” represents him protecting them. Alternate translation: “Under his protection we will live among the nations” or “Though we may have to live in other nations, he will protect us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
398 LAM 4 21 d53p figs-metaphor 0 But to you also the cup will be passed The cup is a metonym for the wine in it. The wine is a metaphor for punishment. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh will also punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
399 LAM 4 22 i7ub figs-personification 0 Daughter of Zion The people of Jerusalem are spoken of as if they were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])\
400 LAM 4 22 y3mu figs-abstractnouns 0 your punishment will come to an end “your punishment will end.” The abstract noun punishment can be expressed with the verb “punish.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh will stop punishing you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
401 LAM 4 22 jt3i 0 he will not extend your exile “Yahweh will not make your time in exile longer” or “Yahweh will not make you stay in exile longer” Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not make your time in exile longer” or “Yahweh will not make you stay in exile longer”
402 LAM 4 22 c3zn figs-metaphor 0 he will uncover your sins Here the sins not being known by others are spoken of as if they are under a cover. Removing the cover represents letting other people know about them. Alternate translation: “he will expose your sins” or “he will cause other people to know how you have sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
403 LAM 5 intro si98 0 # Lamentations 5 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Judah was destroyed for her sin. As slaves, life was very hard. The author wondered if God would be angry forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])
404 LAM 5 1 hj48 writing-poetry 0 General Information: A new poem begins. See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]].
405 LAM 5 1 a5gv figs-idiom 0 Remember, Yahweh, what has happened to us “Remember” here is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, think about what has happened to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
406 LAM 5 1 q2dv 0 look and see our disgrace “look at the shameful state we are in” Alternate translation: “look at the shameful state we are in”
407 LAM 5 2 iwh9 figs-activepassive 0 Our inheritance has been turned over to strangers; our houses to foreigners The idea of things being turned over to others can be expressed with an active form. Since it is also understood in the second part of the sentence, those words can be repeated there. Alternate translation: “You have turned our inheritance over to strangers; you have turned our houses over to strangers” or “You have allowed strangers to take possession of our inheritance; you have allowed foreigners to take possession of our houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
408 LAM 5 3 ijy8 figs-metaphor 0 We have become orphans … our mothers are like widows The people of Jerusalem have no one to protect them because the men have either died in battle or have gone into exile. This speaks of the people not having their fathers and husbands present as if they had actually become orphans and widows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
409 LAM 5 3 alg7 figs-parallelism 0 orphans, the fatherless These two phrases have the same meaning and emphasize that the people no longer have their fathers. Alternate translation: “orphans who have no fathers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
437 LAM 5 19 bv71 figs-idiom 0 from generation to generation This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “always” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
438 LAM 5 20 kf3s figs-rquestion 0 Why do you forget us forever? Why do you forsake us for the length of your days? The author uses these rhetorical questions to express his feelings that Yahweh has forgotten them. These questions can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is as though you will forget us forever or not come back to us for a very long time!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
439 LAM 5 20 yr7c figs-idiom 0 for the length of your days Here this idiom refers to the duration of God’s life. Since God lives forever, it can also be translated as “forever.” Perhaps the writer was uing hyperbole and exaggerating the length of time he believed that God was forsaking them. Alternate translation: “for as long as you live” or “forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
440 LAM 5 21 igv8 0 Restore us to yourself “Bring us back to yourself” Alternate translation: “Bring us back to yourself”
441 LAM 5 22 bh9w 0 unless you have utterly rejected us and you are angry with us beyond measure This could mean: (1) that the writer is afraid that Yahweh might be too angry to restore them or (2) that he is saying that Yahweh is too angry to restore them.
442 LAM 5 22 x3ad figs-hypo 0 are angry with us beyond measure This speaks of Yahweh being very angry as if his anger cannot be measured. This is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “are extremely angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])