EZK front intro wb5b 0 # Introduction to Ezekiel<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Ezekiel<br><br>1. Yahweh calls Ezekiel to speak his words (1:1–3:27)<br>1. Yahweh judges Judah and Jerusalem (4:1-24:27)<br>1. Ezekiel prophesies against nearby nations (25:1–32:32)<br>1. Yahweh explains the fall of Jerusalem (33:1–33)<br>1. Ezekiel brings messages of hope (34:1–48:35)<br> * A new shepherd (34:1–31)<br> * Edom destroyed (35:1–15)<br> * Israel restored (36:1–37:28)<br> * Gog and Magog (38:1–39:29)<br> * Jerusalem and the temple restored (40:1–48:35)<br><br><br>### What is Ezekiel about?<br><br>The Book of Ezekiel contains words that Ezekiel prophesied between 592 B.C. and 573 B.C. The Jewish people were exiled in Babylonia. Ezekiel told them that God had punished them because they sinned against him. However, Ezekiel assured them that God would restore them. God was using Babylon to punish them. But eventually another nation would defeat the Babylonians. Ezekiel also prophesied about how God will restore Jerusalem and the temple so that the people can worship and sacrifice to him again. Ezekiel then described how the land will be divided again among the tribes of Israel.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>“Ezekiel” or “The Book of Ezekiel” is the traditional name for this book. Translators may also call it “The Messages from God Brought by Ezekiel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Ezekiel?<br><br>Ezekiel wrote the prophecies in the Book of Ezekiel. He was a prophet and priest who lived near Babylon in the time of the exile.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What was Ezekiel’s temple?<br><br>Several chapters of the Book of Ezekiel give instructions about building a new temple. However, this temple is not the same as the temple the people would build after going back to Jerusalem. Because Ezekiel’s temple has never been built, some scholars think that this temple is to be built in the future. Other scholars think that Ezekiel’s temple is symbolic of the Church.<br><br>### Do the sacrifices in Ezekiel follow the law of Moses?<br><br>The sacrifices in Ezekiel 46 are somewhat different than the required sacrifices in Numbers 28. This may be because Ezekiel prophesied about a new temple with new sacrifices.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### How should one represent Ezekiel’s visions in translation?<br><br>The Book of Ezekiel has many complicated visions. Some are similar to passages in other Scripture books that describe future events. Some of these visions are about God rescuing Israel in the distant future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalyptic]])<br><br>It is unclear whether Ezekiel actually traveled to the particular places named in the visions, or whether what he described were mental ideas. For this reason, Ezekiel’s viewpoint is sometimes difficult to understand, even though the meanings of the visions may be clear.<br><br>Translators should avoid trying to explain these visions in their translations. Instead, they should present the visions just as they are in the source text.<br><br>### What does “and you will know that I am Yahweh” mean?<br><br>This is a common phrase in the Book of Ezekiel. It is meant to assure the reader that these messages truly came from God, and that he will do what he has promised. The translator may also use the phrase “and you will understand that I am Yahweh and what I say will happen.” The UST translates it as “then you will know that I, Yahweh, have the power to do what I say that I will do.”
EZK 1 intro j5rn 0 # Ezekiel 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Ezekiel’s call<br><br>Ezekiel had a vision of God calling him to prophetic ministry. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
EZK 1 1 xqf6 translate-ordinal 0 In the thirtieth year This is the thirtieth year of Ezekiel’s life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 1 1 ad2n translate-hebrewmonths 0 the fourth month, and the fifth day of the month “the fifth day of the fourth month.” This is the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifth day is around the end of June on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 1 1 q33s 0 it came about that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
EZK 1 3 rj9q figs-pronouns 0 to Ezekiel … upon him there Ezekiel speaks of himself as if he were another person. Alternate translation: “to me, Ezekiel … upon me there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
EZK 1 3 t4d8 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to Ezekiel The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Ezekiel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 1 3 c7c1 translate-names 0 Buzi This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 1 3 qdk9 figs-metonymy 0 the hand of Yahweh was upon him The word “hand” is often used to refer to someone’s power or action. A person with his hand on another person has power over that other person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was controlling him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 1 3 xef3 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
EZK 1 4 h13x 0 Connecting Statement: Ezekiel continues to describe his vision.
EZK 1 4 lz9t 0 a windstorm This is a storm that has a lot of wind.
EZK 1 4 my5g 0 coming from the north North is the direction to your left when you look toward the sun while it is rising.
EZK 1 4 c9um 0 a great cloud with fire flashing within it This can be translated as a new sentence: “The storm had a very large cloud with fire flashing in it”
EZK 1 5 h7q9 figs-abstractnouns 0 the likeness of four living creatures Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like these things. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what looked like four living creatures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 5 k13b figs-abstractnouns 0 This was their appearance If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “This is what they looked like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 5 nji4 figs-abstractnouns 0 They had the likeness of a man If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The four creatures looked like people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 6 vqp7 0 but they had four faces each, and each of the creatures had four wings “but each of them had four different faces and four wings.” Each creature had a face on the front, a face on the back, and a face on each side of its head.
EZK 1 7 k6hj 0 but the soles of their feet were like the hooves of a calf Alternate translation: “but their feet looked like calf hooves” or “but their feet looked like the feet of calves”
EZK 1 7 zyz1 0 hooves of a calf the hard part of a calf’s foot
EZK 1 7 ac8t figs-simile 0 that shone like polished bronze “that were shiny like bronze that has been polished.” This describes the feet of the creatures. Alternate translation: “and they shone like polished bronze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 1 8 gr7m 0 on all four sides Alternate translation: “on all four sides of their bodies”
EZK 1 8 k4hk 0 For all four, their faces and wings were like this Alternate translation: “For all four of the creatures, their wings and their faces were like this”
EZK 1 9 xij2 0 they did not turn as they went Alternate translation: “the creatures did not turn as they moved”
EZK 1 10 dr2n figs-abstractnouns 0 The likeness of their faces was like the face of a man Ezekiel is describing the faces of the creatures on their front side. Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a man’s face. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The face of each creature looked like the face of a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 10 cb2b 0 The four of them had the face of a lion to the right side Alternate translation: “The face on the right side of each one’s head looked like the face of a lion”
EZK 1 10 xfk6 0 the four of them had the face of an ox on the left side Alternate translation: “the face on the left side of the head of each one looked like the face of an ox”
EZK 1 10 hzm6 0 They four had also the face of an eagle Alternate translation: “The face on the back of the head of each one looked like the face of an eagle”
EZK 1 11 y2pe 0 their wings were spread out above, so that each creature had a pair of wings that touched another creature’s wing Alternate translation: “each creature held up two of his wings so that one wing touched the wing of the creature on one side of him, and the other wing touched the wing of the creature on the other side of him”
EZK 1 11 pd9d 0 and also a pair of wings that covered their bodies This can be translated as a new sentence: “The other two wings of each creature covered its body”
EZK 1 13 i6wj figs-abstractnouns 0 As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like burning coals Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like these things. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the words **likeness** and **appearance**, you can express the same ideas with verbal forms. Alternate translation: “As for what the living creatures looked like, they were similar to burning coals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 14 jq1y figs-simile 0 The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they had the appearance of lightning Lightning flashes and then disappears quickly, and the creatures moved from one place to another quickly. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they looked like lightning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 16 kq4i 0 This was the appearance and structure of the wheels Alternate translation: “This is what the wheels looked like and how they were made”
EZK 1 16 yue4 0 like beryl Beryl is a kind of clear, valuable stone, often of yellow or golden color. “clear and yellow like a beryl stone” or “clear and yellow like a precious stone”
EZK 1 16 du8h figs-abstractnouns 0 the four had the same likeness Here, **likeness** refers to what the four wheels looked like. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “all four of the wheels looked the same” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 16 q9kt figs-abstractnouns 0 their appearance and structure was like a wheel intersecting another wheel The abstract nouns “appearance” and “structure” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “they appeared to be made with one wheel going through another wheel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 17 yzc3 0 they went in any of their four directions This could mean: (1) “their” refers to the creatures. Alternate translation: “they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards” or (2) “their” refers to the wheels.
EZK 1 18 tsz7 0 As for their rims Alternate translation: “This is what the rims of the wheels looked like”
EZK 1 18 j5l2 0 they were high and fearsome Alternate translation: “the rims were very tall and awe-inspiring” or “the rims where tall and frightening”
EZK 1 18 q999 0 for the rims were full of eyes round about Alternate translation: “because the rims had very many eyes around all four of the wheels”
EZK 1 19 pwu8 figs-explicit 0 When the living creatures rose up from the earth The creatures were flying in the air after they left the ground. Alternate translation: “So when the creatures left the ground and went up into the air” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 1 20 sqv9 figs-idiom 0 the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels This could mean: (1) Ezekiel is speaking of the “creatures” of verse 19 as if they were one creature. Alternate translation: “the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels” or (2) Ezekiel is using an idiom. Alternate translation: “the spirit of life was in the wheels” or “the living spirit was in the wheels” or (3) the spirit in the creatures and in the wheels is the same. Alternate translation: “the same spirit that gave life to the creatures also gave life to the wheels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 1 22 ikj7 figs-abstractnouns 0 the likeness of an expansive dome Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like “an expansive dome.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what looked like an expansive dome” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 22 hu3m 0 awe-inspiring crystal Alternate translation: “awe-inspiring ice” or “crystal that makes people marvel when they look at it”
EZK 1 22 unz5 0 stretched out over their heads above Alternate translation: “and the expansive dome was spread out above the heads of the creatures” or “and the expansive dome took up a lot of space over the heads of the creatures”
EZK 1 23 w3ga 0 Beneath the dome Alternate translation: “under the dome”
EZK 1 23 h3u3 0 Each of the living creatures also had a pair to cover themselves; each had a pair to cover his own body Alternate translation: “Each of the living creatures also had two other wings, which they used to cover their bodies”
EZK 1 24 x6cx 0 Then I heard the sound of their wings. Like the noise of many waters. Like the voice of the Almighty whenever they moved. Like The words **whenever they moved** could mean: (1) all the words before them in this verse, “Whenever they moved, I heard the sound of their wings. Like the noise of rushing water. Like the voice of the Almighty. Like” or (2) to the words that follow, “wings. Like the noise of rushing water. Like the voice of the Almighty. Whenever they moved, it sounded like.”
EZK 1 24 nht8 figs-simile 0 Like … waters. Like … moved. Like … rainstorm. Like … army. These sentences are not complete because Ezekiel was showing that he was excited about what he saw. They can be translated as complete sentences: “The wings sounded like … water. They sounded like … moved. They sounded like … rainstorm. They sounded like … army.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 1 24 pa6v 0 many waters This simply means “a lot of water.” It could refer to a loud river or a large waterfall or the waves crashing at the ocean. All of these are very loud.
EZK 1 24 a1wk figs-metonymy 0 Like the voice of the Almighty The Bible sometimes refers to thunder as “the voice of the Almighty.” Alternate translation: “It sounded like the voice of the Almighty God” or “It sounded like the thunder of the Almighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 1 24 ii8k figs-simile 0 Like the sound of a rainstorm Possible meanings are: (1) “Like the sound of very big storm” or (2) “Like the sound of a very large crowd of people” Alternate translation: “There was a sound that was loud like a big storm” or “There was a sound that was loud like a very large crowd of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 1 24 lip7 0 they lowered their wings “the creatures let their wings hang down by their sides.” They did this when they were not using their wings to fly.
EZK 1 25 fdh7 0 A voice came from above the dome “Someone who was above the dome spoke.” If you need to tell whose voice this is, you should probably identify it as the voice of Yahweh ([Ezekiel 1:3](../01/03.md)).
EZK 1 26 v6pz figs-abstractnouns 0 was the likeness of a throne Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a throne. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “was something that looked like a throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 26 fx3x figs-abstractnouns 0 on the likeness of the throne was If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “on what looked like a throne there was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 26 npv7 figs-abstractnouns 0 a likeness like the appearance of a man The abstract nouns “likeness” and “appearance” can be translated with verbal phrases. If you need to tell who this is, you should probably identify him as Yahweh ([Ezekiel 1:3](../01/03.md)). Alternate translation: “something that looked similar to what appeared to be a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 27 t3wg figs-abstractnouns 0 from the appearance of his hips up The person’s body above the hips looked like glowing metal that had fire in it. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “from what appeared to be his hips up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 27 f7ri figs-abstractnouns 0 from the appearance of his hips downward the appearance of fire and brightness all around If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “all around him below what appeared to be his hips, I saw what looked like fire and a bright light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 28 ju5f figs-abstractnouns 0 Like the appearance of a rainbow in the clouds on a rainy day was the appearance of the bright light surrounding it If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The brightness surrounding it appeared to be like the way a rainbow appears in the clouds on a rainy day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 28 eww3 figs-abstractnouns 0 It was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of Yahweh Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like the glory of Yahweh. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas behind the words **appearance** and **likeness**, you can express the same idea with verbal forms. Alternate translation: “It appeared to be what looked like the glory of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 28 x337 figs-idiom 0 I fell on my face “I bowed down to the ground” or “I lay on the ground.” Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 1 28 xf7s figs-metonymy 0 I heard a voice speaking The word “voice” is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “I heard someone speaking” or “Someone spoke, and I heard his voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 2 intro pp1p 0 # Ezekiel 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Ezekiel’s call continues in this chapter. God appointed Ezekiel to be a prophet but warned him that the people were very rebellious and would not listen to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
EZK 2 1 jk2d 0 He said to me If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). It was not “the Spirit.”
EZK 2 1 djp4 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 2 4 nn58 0 Their descendants the descendants of the past generations of Israel who had rebelled against God, referring to the people living in Israel at the time Ezekiel writes
EZK 2 4 s6jn figs-doublet 0 stubborn faces and hard hearts The words “stubborn faces” refer to the way they act on the outside, and the words “hard hearts” refer to the way they think and feel. Together they emphasize that the people of Israel would not change how they lived in order to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 2 4 bi27 0 stubborn This describes a person who refuses to change what he thinks or what he is doing.
EZK 2 4 nx1c figs-metaphor 0 hard hearts Rocks never change and become soft, and these people never change and become sorry when they do evil things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 2 5 k6vh figs-metonymy 0 house This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. Alternate translation: “people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 2 5 g4a6 0 a prophet has been among them Alternate translation: “the one whom they have refused to listen to was a prophet”
EZK 2 6 cd8n 0 son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
EZK 2 6 z8yl figs-metaphor 0 briers and thorns and … scorpions These words describe the people of Israel who will not treat Ezekiel kindly when he tells them what God says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 2 6 jsb2 0 briers and thorns Briers are bushes with sharp points on the branches. The sharp points on the branches are called thorns.
EZK 2 6 s9um 0 scorpions A scorpion is a small animal with two front claws, six legs, and a large tail with a poisonous stinger. Its sting is very painful.
EZK 2 6 k1u5 figs-metonymy 0 be dismayed by their faces The words “their faces” are a metonym for the message the people express with their faces. Alternate translation: “lose your desire to serve me because of the way they look at you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 2 8 ndb7 figs-metonymy 0 house This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 2 9 p6fn 0 a hand was extended out to me This could mean: (1) a person in the heavens had extended his hand out toward Ezekiel and all Ezekiel could see was from the hand to the elbow or shoulder or (2) the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)) extended his hand.
EZK 2 10 mxi2 0 He spread it out The word “He” refers to the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)).
EZK 2 10 h57t figs-activepassive 0 it had been written on both its front and back This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone had written on both its front and its back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 2 10 vh4l figs-abstractnouns 0 written on it were lamentations, mourning, and woe This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “lamentations,” “mourning,” and “woe.” Alternate translation: “someone had written on it that these people would lament, be sad the way they would be if someone they loved had died, and have bad things happen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 3 intro g699 0 # Ezekiel 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Ezekiel’s call concludes in this chapter. God told Ezekiel more about what he should say to the people and how he should say it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]])
EZK 3 1 j5ix 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 3 1 vqx6 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 3 2 zj66 0 that scroll Many versions have “the scroll” or “this scroll.”
EZK 3 3 ky32 0 feed your belly and fill your stomach with this scroll The word “belly” refers to the part of the body people can see from the outside. The word “stomach” refers to the internal organs inside the belly.
EZK 3 4 m9d9 0 he said to me If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). It was not “the Spirit.”
EZK 3 4 sch3 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 3 6 t81j 0 of strange speech or a difficult language Alternate translation: “who speak a strange or difficult language”
EZK 3 6 gnx2 0 not to many peoples of strange speech Alternate translation: “I am not sending you to a mighty nation whose people speak a strange language”
EZK 3 6 xr55 figs-hypo 0 if I sent you to them, they would have listened to you This is a hypothetical situation that could have happened but did not. Yahweh did not send Ezekiel to people who did not understand his language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
EZK 3 6 f2qs 0 if I sent you to them The word “them” refers to a mighty nation other than Israel.
EZK 3 7 w94c figs-doublet 0 strong browed and hard hearted These mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “very rebellious” or “very stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 3 7 m967 figs-idiom 0 strong browed This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “unwilling to change” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 3 7 sq7w figs-metaphor 0 hard hearted This phrase suggests that the people resist God and are unwilling to obey him. The heart is used to describe the place in the body where a person decides what they want to do. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 3 8 d8jm 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here alerts Ezekiel to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 3 8 sx8p figs-metaphor 0 I have made your face as hard as their faces A hard face is a metaphor for being stubborn. Alternate translation: “I have made you as stubborn as they are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 3 8 zi9j figs-metonymy 0 I have made … your brow as hard as their brows The “brow” is the forehead or eyebrow and is a metonym for what the person thinks. Alternate translation: “I have made … you strong so you will not stop doing what you are doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 3 9 ij8a 0 I have made your brow like a diamond, harder than flint Alternate translation: “I have made your brow like the hardest stone, harder than flint”
EZK 3 9 z3m8 figs-metonymy 0 house This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 3 10 z6et figs-metonymy 0 take them into your heart and hear them with your ears Here “heart” represents a person’s mind. Alternate translation: “remember them and listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 3 11 len2 0 Then go to the captives The word “captives” refers to the people of Israel who were living in Babylon.
EZK 3 11 e5ix 0 your people “your people group.” Ezekiel had lived in Judah before the Babylonians took him to Babylon.
EZK 3 12 it6a 0 I heard behind me the sound of a great earthquake: “Blessed be the glory of Yahweh from his place!” Some versions take “Blessed … place!” as a words that the “great earthquake” spoke: “I heard behind me the sound of a great earthquake, which said, ‘Blessed be the glory of Yahweh from his place!’” Others understand the sound of the earthquake as the sound of the glory of Yahweh leaving his place, “as the glory of Yahweh left its place, I heard behind me the sound of a great earthquake.”
EZK 3 12 pl7p 0 the sound of a great earthquake It is not clear if the sound came from an earthquake, from a voice that was loud like an earthquake, or from the wings and wheels. Alternate translation: “a sound like the sound of a great earthquake” or “a voice speaking; the voice sounded like a great earthquake” or “a loud rumbling noise”
EZK 3 14 h4qw 0 General Information: Ezekiel seems to have been angry because Yahweh had sent him to speak to the Israelite exiles, thus rebelling against Yahweh himself. Though he was supposed to speak to them, he sat in silence for seven days, even though he could feel the anger of Yahweh “powerfully pressing on” him.
EZK 3 14 t94w 0 away, and I went with bitterness in my spirit’s rage The words “bitterness” and “rage” are types of anger. This can be stated as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “away. I was bitter and my spirit was full of anger” or “away. I was very bitter and angry”
EZK 3 14 x1uf figs-metaphor 0 bitterness Ezekiel speaks of his anger at Yahweh as if there were a bad taste in his mouth because Yahweh had forced him to eat something that tasted bad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 3 14 w8rt figs-metaphor 0 for the hand of Yahweh was powerfully pressing on me Ezekiel speaks of being sad and tired because Yahweh had commanded him to do things he did not want to do as if Yahweh were pushing him down into the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 3 14 llb2 figs-metonymy 0 the hand of Yahweh This could mean: (1) the word “hand” is often used to refer to someone’s power or action. Alternate translation: “the power of Yahweh” or (2) Ezekiel knew that Yahweh was angry with him because he was not obeying Yahweh by speaking to the Israelite exiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 3 15 i5bx translate-names 0 Tel Aviv A town in Babylon, about 80 kilometers southeast of the main city, which was also called Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 3 15 bin3 0 the Kebar Canal This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md).
EZK 3 16 ul6w figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 3 17 rf13 figs-metaphor 0 watchman God told Ezekiel to warn the people of Israel just as a watchman would warn the people of a city if enemies were coming, so that they could prepare and be safe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 3 17 xc2d figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 3 18 b5pw figs-idiom 0 require his blood from your hand This is an idiom for holding someone responsible or guilty of murder. Alternate translation: “treat you as if you had murdered him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 3 19 hrf4 figs-doublet 0 he does not turn from his wickedness or from his wicked deeds The phrase “wicked deeds” means the same thing as “wickedness.” Alternate translation: “he does not stop doing wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 3 20 d1iz figs-metaphor 0 set a stumbling block before him This could mean: (1) “make something bad happen to him” or (2) “cause him to sin openly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 3 20 gm4t 0 he will die in his sin Alternate translation: “he will die as a sinner” or “he will die as a guilty person because he has disobeyed me”
EZK 3 20 wji4 figs-idiom 0 I will require his blood from your hand This is an idiom for holding someone responsible or guilty of murder. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “I will treat you as if you had murdered him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 3 21 e9i5 figs-activepassive 0 since he was warned This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “since you warned him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 3 22 w1ch figs-metonymy 0 the hand of Yahweh The word “hand” is often used to refer to someone’s power or action. Alternate translation: “the power of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 3 23 ij9h 0 the glory of Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md).
EZK 3 23 ul8f 0 the Kebar Canal This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md).
EZK 3 23 l7j5 figs-idiom 0 I fell on my face “I bowed down to the ground” or “I lay on the ground.” Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 3 24 r8ve 0 he spoke with me If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). It was not “the Spirit.”
EZK 3 26 z3pl figs-metonymy 0 house This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 4 intro dz5i 0 # Ezekiel 4 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Destruction of Jerusalem<br><br>The destruction of Jerusalem is pictured in this chapter. Ezekiel showed the lack of food and water that would occur during the siege of Jerusalem.
EZK 4 1 thl9 0 son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
EZK 4 1 cn59 figs-explicit 0 carve the city of Jerusalem You may need to make explicit that Ezekiel is to carve a picture. Alternate translation: “carve a picture of the city of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 4 2 vr6r 0 build forts against it “build strong walls against it.” The walls would keep people from leaving the city.
EZK 4 2 mfb8 0 Raise up an assault ramp against it “Build a ramp outside of it for the enemies to get inside.” Jerusalem had a wall around it to protect the people inside. The enemies could only get inside if they had a ramp to climb up over the wall.
EZK 4 2 mdb4 0 Place battering rams all around it “Set around it huge poles people would use to break down the gates and get inside.” “Battering rams” are large trees or poles that many men in an army would pick up and hit against a wall or door so they could break it down and get inside.
EZK 4 3 d88y translate-symaction 0 set your face against it This is a command to stare at the model of the city as a symbol of punishing the city. Alternate translation: “stare at the city” or “stare at the city so that it will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 4 3 cv8u figs-metonymy 0 set your face Here “face” is a metonym for attention or gaze, and “set your face” refers to literally staring at something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 4 3 vw5k figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 4 4 qk6z 0 put the sin of the house of Israel on it This could mean: (1) “symbolically bear the punishment for the sins of the Israelites” or (2) “suffer by lying on your side because of their sin.”
EZK 4 4 tm3q figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 4 4 kkq5 0 you will carry their sin This could mean: (1) “you will be guilty of their sin” or (2) “you will be punished for their sin.” Either of these meanings will be demonstrated “symbolically” by Ezekiel as noted in the UST.
EZK 4 4 u5yy 0 lie down against the house of Israel Alternate translation: “lie facing the kingdom of Israel in a hostile manner”
EZK 4 5 in3l 0 I myself am assigning to you one day to represent each year of their punishment Alternate translation: “I myself command you to lie on your side for the same number of days as the number of years that I will punish them”
EZK 4 5 rx67 0 each year of their punishment This could mean: (1) each year that they will be punished for their sins or (2) each year that they have sinned.
EZK 4 6 s4h8 0 you will carry the sin This could mean: (1) “you will be guilty of the sin” or (2) “you will be punished for the sin.” Either of these meanings will be demonstrated symbolically by Ezekiel as noted in the UST. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 4:4](../04/04.md).
EZK 4 6 a25b figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Judah people group” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 4 6 iys6 0 I am assigning to you one day for each year Alternate translation: “I will make you do this one day for each year that I will punish them”
EZK 4 7 t4rt translate-symaction 0 Set your face toward Jerusalem that is under siege This is a command to stare at the model of Jerusalem as a symbol of punishing Jerusalem. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/03.md). Alternate translation: “Stare at Jerusalem that is under siege” or “Stare at Jerusalem that is under siege, so that it will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 4 7 knw2 figs-metonymy 0 Set your face Here “face” is a metonym for attention or gaze. “Set your face” refers to literally staring at something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 4 8 lua4 figs-metaphor 0 I am placing bonds on you Bonds are ropes or chains that keep a person from moving. It is not clear whether the word “bonds” is a metaphor for something Yahweh does that is as if he had bound Ezekiel or if he is using literal, physical ropes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 4 9 cig3 0 beans vines whose seeds, which grow in a single row inside its otherwise empty fruit, can be eaten
EZK 4 9 q8id translate-unknown 0 lentils These are like beans, but their seeds are very small, round, and somewhat flat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EZK 4 9 tc9t translate-numbers 0 390 days “three hundred and ninety days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZK 4 10 q6cb translate-numbers 0 twenty shekels per day “20 shekels per day.” A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. Alternate translation: 200 grams of bread each day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
EZK 4 11 ba5e translate-bvolume 0 a sixth of a hin “1/6 hin” or “a sixth part of a hin” or “about one-half liter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
EZK 4 12 se16 0 you will bake it on excrement of human dung “you will cook it over a fire made with pieces of human solid waste.” Your language may have a way of expressing this politely.
EZK 4 14 lc8j 0 foul meat “disgusting, unclean meat.” This refers to meat that is unclean because it has come from an animal that has died of sickness or old age or was killed by another animal. The word “foul” shows his disgust over meat like this.
EZK 4 15 g35w 0 cow manure solid waste from cows. Your language may have a polite way of expressing this.
EZK 4 15 l517 0 human dung solid waste from humans. Your language may have a polite way of expressing this. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:12](../04/12.md).
EZK 4 16 f6dt figs-metaphor 0 the staff of bread The supply is called a staff because some people need a staff to walk and do their work, and people need bread to live. Bread represents all kinds of food. Alternate translation: “the supply of food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 4 16 i35y figs-explicit 0 they will eat bread while rationing it in anxiety You may need to make explicit why they will ration the bread. “they will carefully divide their bread because they fear that there will not be enough” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 4 16 xi3f figs-metonymy 0 rationing it in trembling The word “shaking” is a metaphor for being afraid and “trembling” represents fear. Alternate translation: “rationing it while shaking” or “rationing it in fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 4 17 s15b figs-explicit 0 every man will be dismayed at his brother and waste away This could mean: (1) “everyone will look at his brother and worry about how much food his brother eats and waste away” or (2) “every one of them will be dismayed and waste away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 4 17 bv4j figs-metaphor 0 waste away The phrase “waste away” is usually used of flesh or wood rotting. Here it is a metaphor for wicked people becoming thin and dying because they have no food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 5 intro hus5 0 # Ezekiel 5 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The destruction of Jerusalem<br><br>The destruction of Jerusalem is continued to be pictured in this chapter. Ezekiel showed the destruction of Jerusalem by fire and war.
EZK 5 1 wtm2 0 son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
EZK 5 1 p4tg 0 pass the razor over your head and your beard Alternate translation: “shave your head and your face” or “remove the hair from your head and the beard from your face”
EZK 5 2 p3xt 0 when the days of the siege are completed Alternate translation: “when the days of Jerusalem’s siege have ended” or “when the days have ended that you show how Jerusalem will put under siege”
EZK 5 2 iaa8 translate-fraction 0 take a third of the hair “take one of the three piles of hair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
EZK 5 2 aye1 translate-fraction 0 scatter a third of it to the wind “let the wind blow the last third of your hair in different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
EZK 5 2 b6bf figs-metonymy 0 I will draw out a sword to chase after the people The word “sword” is a metonym for enemy soldiers who will attack with their swords, and to “draw out a sword” is to send the soldiers into battle. Alternate translation: “I will cause their enemies to pursue them and attack them with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 5 3 vva4 0 tie them The word “them” refers to the hairs. This could mean: (1) the hairs were long enough so Ezekiel could tie them or (2) Ezekiel was to sew the hairs or otherwise attach them (3) Ezekiel was to place the hairs loosely in a fold of the garment.
EZK 5 3 m7jf 0 the folds of your robe This could mean: (1) “the cloth on your arms” (“your sleeves”) or (2) “the end of the cloth on your robe” (“your hem”) or (3) the fold in the garment where it is tucked into the belt.
EZK 5 4 qx1e figs-events 0 Then take This continues the instructions Yahweh gives to Ezekiel beginning with the words “But take” in verse 3. Ezekiel was to “take a small number of hairs” and “take more of the hair and throw it” when he shaved his hair and beard ([Ezekiel 5:1](../05/01.md)) and before he burned the hair ([Ezekiel 5:2](../05/02.md)). You may need to place these verses before those verses. “But when you shave off your hair and beard, and before you burn them, take … After you have scattered the hair to the wind, then take” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]])
EZK 5 4 k7tv figs-metaphor 0 from there a fire will go out to all the house of Israel “from there a fire will spread out and burn up all the people of Israel.” Yahweh speaks of how he will punish Israel as if he were going to set fire to a house and of the people of Israel as if they were the family that lives in that house but were at that time outside the house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 5 4 isu2 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 5 5 a826 0 in the midst of the nations This could mean: (1) other nations were on all sides of Jerusalem or (2) “more important than all other nations.”
EZK 5 5 k186 figs-personification 0 I have placed her Jerusalem is referred to as “her” and “she.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 5 7 e8dd 0 Because you are more troublesome than Alternate translation: “because your sinfulness is worse than” or “because you are more unruly than”
EZK 5 7 ijp8 0 that surround you Alternate translation: “that are all around you.”
EZK 5 7 a52g figs-metaphor 0 have not walked in my statutes Walking is a metaphor for the way a person lives. Alternate translation: “have not lived according to my statutes” or “have not obeyed my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 5 8 xp3l 0 I will execute judgments within your midst “I will judge you in various ways” or “I will punish you” .
EZK 5 9 kbb8 0 what I have not done and the like of which I will not do again “as I have not done before and will not do in a similar way again” or “like I have never done before and will never do again” .
EZK 5 9 v2eb 0 because of all your disgusting actions “because of all the disgusting things you do.” God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods.
EZK 5 10 k7dn 0 fathers will eat the children in your midst, and sons will eat their fathers Ezekiel is probably telling what will really happen when the people have no food.
EZK 5 10 f8kj 0 I will execute judgment on you Alternate translation: “I will judge you” or “I will punish you severely”
EZK 5 10 n6c5 0 scatter to every direction all of you who are left Alternate translation: “I will force all of you who are left to go to different places.”
EZK 5 11 z6sh figs-explicit 0 with all your hateful things “with all of those things of yours that I hate.” You may need to make explicit that this refers to idols: “with all your idols, which I hate” or “with all your disgusting idols.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 5 11 i3z4 figs-synecdoche 0 my eye will not have pity on you The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “I will not pity you” (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 5 11 r14z 0 I will not spare you Alternate translation: “I will surely punish you”
EZK 5 12 a3ye 0 they will be consumed by famine in your midst Alternate translation: “many of them will die because of famine”
EZK 5 13 az69 0 my wrath will be completed Alternate translation: “I will no longer be angry because I will have done everything I wanted to do because I was angry”
EZK 5 13 w8xw figs-metonymy 0 I will cause my fury toward them to rest The word “fury” means violent anger, and here it is a metonym for punishment. “I will stop punishing them because I will have punished them fully.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 5 13 b1ac figs-explicit 0 I will be satisfied You may need to make explicit why Yahweh will be satisfied. Alternate translation: “I will be satisfied that I have punished them enough” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 5 15 aiv4 figs-doublet 0 in wrath and fury The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh is very angry. Alternate translation: “because I will be very angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 5 16 pk83 figs-metonymy 0 will send out harsh arrows of famine against you The word “arrows” is a metonym for the sharp pains that people feel when they have had no food for a long time. Alternate translation: “will make you feel the pain of intense hunger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 5 16 tq5n 0 increase the famine on you Alternate translation: “make the famine more severe for you” or “make the famine last longer for you” or “make sure that there is less and less for you to eat”
EZK 5 16 y84u figs-metaphor 0 break your staff of bread A “staff” was something that people leaned upon to support them. This phrase is a metaphor that means removing the supply of food that the people were depending upon. See how “staff of bread” is translated in [Ezekiel 4:16](../04/16.md). Alternate translation: “cut off your food supply” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 5 17 k7kf figs-personification 0 Plague and blood will pass through you Sickness and violent death are spoken of as if they were soldiers going through the city killing everyone they could. Alternate translation: “Many people will die of disease, and many others will die in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 6 intro j871 0 # Ezekiel 6 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Shrines on the hill tops<br><br>God will destroy all those who have been worshiping idols at the hill top shrines.
EZK 6 1 ih46 figs-apostrophe 0 General Information: Yahweh is telling Ezekiel to speak to the mountains as if they were people so that the people of Israel would hear the words and know that Ezekiel’s words were for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
EZK 6 1 x3yv figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 6 2 hip9 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 6 2 u6qp translate-symaction 0 set your face against the mountains of Israel This is a command to stare at the mountains as a symbol of punishing the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/03.md). Alternate translation: “stare at the mountains of Israel” or “stare at the mountains of Israel so that the people there will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 6 2 guc4 translate-symaction 0 set your face against the mountains of Israel The mountains of Israel were far away, so Ezekiel could not see them, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming it. Alternate translation: “turn toward the mountains of Israel and stare” or “stare toward the mountains of Israel so that the people there will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 6 2 s98w figs-metonymy 0 set your face Here “face” is a metonym for attention or gaze. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 6 3 c5nh figs-metonymy 0 I am bringing a sword against you The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation: “I am bringing soldiers to come and kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 6 4 i987 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words to the people of Israel.
EZK 6 4 sc5d figs-activepassive 0 Then your altars will become desolate and your pillars will be destroyed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will no longer worship at your altars and your enemy will destroy your pillars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 6 4 kbs8 figs-explicit 0 I will throw down Yahweh was speaking of sending soldiers ([Ezekiel 6:3](../06/03.md)) to do these things. Alternate translation: “I will send soldiers to throw down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 6 5 utv5 figs-explicit 0 I will lay … and scatter Yahweh was speaking of sending soldiers ([Ezekiel 6:3](../06/03.md)) to do these things. Alternate translation: “I will send soldiers to lay … and scatter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 6 6 k4gp 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words to the people of Israel.
EZK 6 6 ri8t figs-activepassive 0 cities will be laid waste This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Enemy armies will lay waste your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 6 6 iff1 figs-activepassive 0 they will be broken This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemy armies will break your altars” or “enemy armies will break them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 6 6 ez3w figs-activepassive 0 your pillars will be cut down This can be translated in active form. See how you translated “pillars” in [Ezekiel 6:4](../06/04.md). Alternate translation: “they will cut down your pillars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 6 6 qj8a figs-activepassive 0 your works will be wiped away This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will remember what you have done” or “they will destroy everything you have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 6 7 i3ub figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 6 8 x38q 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words to the people of Israel.
EZK 6 8 p3b3 figs-metonymy 0 some who escape the sword The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation: “some whom the soldiers do not kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 6 8 luc8 figs-activepassive 0 when you are scattered throughout the countries This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when I scatter you in different countries” or “when I force you to live in other countries” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 6 9 nw31 figs-synecdoche 0 I was grieved by their promiscuous heart that turned away from me Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a woman who sleeps with many people. Alternate translation: “I was sad because they were like a wife who has left me to sleep with other men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 6 9 quq7 figs-synecdoche 0 by their eyes that whored after their idols Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a married woman who looks at other men and desires to sleep with them. Alternate translation: “by the way they desired strongly to worship idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 6 9 cul8 0 they will show loathing on their face for the wickedness which they have committed This could mean: (1) “their faces will show that they hate themselves because of the wicked things they have done” or (2) “their faces will show that they hate the wicked things that they have done.”
EZK 6 11 e96i figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 6 11 v6gt writing-symlanguage 0 Clap your hands and stomp your foot Ezekiel was to do this symbolic action to get the people’s attention. This was not applause. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
EZK 6 11 nb8l 0 Alas This word is spoken by those who see people doing bad things and realize that bad things will happen to the evildoers as a result. If your language has a similar word, you might want to use it here.
EZK 6 11 w4c1 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 6 11 kds2 0 they will fall by sword, famine, and plague. To “fall” is a euphemism for to “die.” The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation:
EZK 6 12 cu81 0 I will accomplish my fury against them Alternate translation: “I will satisfy my anger against them” or “I will punish them until I am no longer angry”
EZK 6 13 n7bh 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words to the people of Israel.
EZK 6 13 rr6w 0 hill—on all the mountain peaks, and under every flourishing tree and thick oak Another possible meaning is “hill, on all the mountain peaks, under every flourishing tree, and under every thick oak.”
EZK 7 intro rti1 0 # Ezekiel 7 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Now is the time for punishment<br><br>The people will be punished severely for their idol worship and the temple will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
EZK 7 1 y1pz 0 General Information: This starts God’s prophecy of judgment on Israel.
EZK 7 1 kts6 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 7 2 q227 figs-123person 0 the Lord Yahweh says this Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 7 2 pvc3 figs-metonymy 0 to the land of Israel The word “land” is a metonym for the people who live on the land. Alternate translation: “to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 7 2 m6is 0 the four borders of the land “the entire land” The “four borders” are to the north, east, south, and west.
EZK 7 3 t8wc 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words to the people of Israel.
EZK 7 3 rmc8 figs-personification 0 the end is upon you The “end” is spoken of as if it were a robber attacking the people. Alternate translation: “your life is finished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 7 3 ty13 figs-metaphor 0 I am sending out my wrath on you “Wrath” is spoken of as if it were an arrow that Yahweh was shooting at the people. Alternate translation: “I am angry, and I will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 7 4 s8xd figs-synecdoche 0 For my eyes will not pity you The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “For I will not pity you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 7 4 n5vz figs-metaphor 0 I will bring your ways upon you The way a person lives is spoken of as a path on which one walks. Alternate translation: “I will punish you for the things you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 7 4 r54l 0 your abominations will be in your midst This could mean: (1) “I will punish all of you because of your abominations” or (2) “this will happen as long as you continue to worship idols.”
EZK 7 4 u9s9 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 7 5 p6dg 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words to the people of Israel.
EZK 7 5 mg8u figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 7 5 jx8l 0 Disaster! A unique disaster! Behold, it is coming. These exclamations are meant to make the passage very strong. Alternate translation: “Behold, a terrible disaster is coming, one that no one has ever experienced before”
EZK 7 6 p8rf figs-personification 0 The end has woken up against you The judgment that is coming is treated as if it were an enemy waking up from sleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 7 7 tv29 figs-metonymy 0 the mountains will no longer be joyful The word “mountains” is a metonym for the people who live on the mountains. Alternate translation: “the people on the mountains will not have any more joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 7 8 f85a 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words to the people of Israel.
EZK 7 8 efn1 figs-metaphor 0 I will pour out my fury against you and fill up my wrath upon you Yahweh uses the terms “pour out” and “fill up” to speak of his anger as if it were water that he poured out into a jar. These phrases emphasize that Yahweh will punish the people severely. Alternate translation: “I will punish you severely because I am very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 7 9 g3le figs-synecdoche 0 For my eye will not look compassionately The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “I will not look on them with compassion” or “I will not be compassionate to them” (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 7 10 z47j 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Israel.
EZK 7 10 x4mj figs-explicit 0 Behold, the day! Behold, it is coming! “Behold! The day is coming!” You may need to make explicit which day is coming. Alternate translation: “Behold! The day when I will punish you is coming!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 7 10 yu2t figs-metaphor 0 The rod has blossomed, arrogance has budded This could mean: (1) “The people of Israel have grown very proud” or (2) “The people of Israel have become very violent and very proud.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 7 12 bn6n 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Israel.
EZK 7 12 qp62 figs-parallelism 0 The time is coming; the day has come close Both “The time” and “the day” refer to the time when God will punish the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel’s punishment will happen very soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 7 13 i546 0 the vision concerning the entire multitude will not be reversed Alternate translation: “God will surely do to the multitude what he has shown me”
EZK 7 13 ex6g figs-activepassive 0 none of them will be strengthened This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not strengthen any of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 7 14 t3cl 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Israel.
EZK 7 15 l3cl figs-metaphor 0 while famine and plague will consume those in the city The word “consume” is a metaphor for “totally destroy.” Alternate translation: “and most of the people in the city will die from hunger and sickness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 7 17 i9cf 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Israel.
EZK 7 17 iw6d figs-synecdoche 0 Every hand will falter and every knee will be weak as water The hands and knees are synecdoches for the people themselves. Alternate translation: “Everyone will be so terrified that they will be unable to work and their knees will become weak so that they cannot stand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 7 17 j698 figs-euphemism 0 every knee will be weak as water Another possible translation is, “every knee will flow with water,” a euphemism for all the people losing control of their bladders because they are so frightened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
EZK 7 17 p7gb figs-simile 0 knee … weak as water Water cannot stand up, and the people’s knees will be so weak that the people are unable to stand on their legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 7 18 rp7c figs-metaphor 0 terror will cover them Terror is spoken of as if it were clothing. Alternate translation: “everyone will see how terrified they are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 7 18 gtb2 figs-explicit 0 baldness on all of their heads Shaving the head was a sign of sadness. Alternate translation: “all of them will shave their heads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 7 19 ux4y figs-activepassive 0 their hunger will not be satisfied This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will not be able to satisfy their hunger” or “they will still be hungry even after they eat all they have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 7 19 n5ad 0 their iniquity has become a stumbling block This could mean: (1) “because having a lot of gold and silver has led them to sin” or (2) “because they are evil, they are committing sins that show how evil they are.”
EZK 7 21 jpj3 figs-metonymy 0 I will give those things into the hand of strangers The word “hand” is used to refer to control. “I will give those idols into the control of people they do not know” or “I will give those idols to people they do not know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 7 23 gu3l figs-metonymy 0 the land is filled with the judgment of blood This could mean: (1) “everywhere in the country God is judging people because they violently killed others” or (2) “the courts everywhere in the country are murdering people.” The word “blood” here represents murder and death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 7 23 u3zi figs-metaphor 0 the city is full of violence The city is spoken of as if it were a container, and violence is spoken of as an object that can be put in a container. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **violence**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “violence is everywhere in the city” or “many people in the city are doing violent things to others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 7 24 a75e 0 I will bring an end to the pride of the mighty Alternate translation: “I will cause the powerful people in Israel to stop being proud of themselves”
EZK 7 24 zk6t figs-activepassive 0 their holy places will be defiled! This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemies will defile the places where they worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 7 26 br9z 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Israel.
EZK 7 26 v3q8 figs-personification 0 Disaster upon disaster will come Disaster is spoken of as if it could move by itself. Alternate translation: “One disaster after another will happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 7 26 f4qm 0 the law will perish from the priest and advice from the elders “The priests will not teach the law, and the elders will not be able to give good advice.” This is because God will not give them wisdom.
EZK 7 27 t2rb 0 the prince This could mean: (1) “the king’s son” or (2) every male member of the royal family except the king.
EZK 7 27 gux5 figs-idiom 0 will dress in despair This could mean: (1) clothing is a metonym for what a person feels, “will have no hope,” or (2) “will dress in clothes that show he is mourning.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 7 27 zy7f figs-synecdoche 0 the hands of the people of the land will tremble in fear The word “hands” is a synecdoche for the people. Alternate translation: “the people of the land will be so afraid that their hands will tremble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 8 intro xkv7 0 # Ezekiel 8 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Judah’s sin<br><br>The people have contaminated the temple with their worship of other gods and through their sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
EZK 8 1 vqq8 0 General Information: Ezekiel tells about another vision he saw.
EZK 8 1 b54y 0 So it came about This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
EZK 8 1 r44k translate-ordinal 0 in the sixth year You may need to make explicit the time period of which this is the sixth year. Alternate translation: “in the sixth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 8 1 kh86 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the sixth month, in the fifth day of the month This is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifth day is near the beginning of September on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “the fifth day of the sixth month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 8 1 g1l3 figs-metaphor 0 the hand of the Lord Yahweh again fell upon me This should be translated literally, as Ezekiel later sees something like a hand. Others may choose to consider the hand a metaphor for Yahweh’s presence or power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 8 2 c8h3 figs-abstractnouns 0 a likeness with the appearance of a man Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a man. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas behind the words **likeness** and **appearance**, you can express the same ideas with verbal forms. Alternate translation: “there was someone who appeared to be a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 8 2 dw9z figs-abstractnouns 0 the appearance of his hips … the appearance of something shining If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what appeared to be his hips … what appeared to be something shining” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 8 3 h6bp 0 in visions from God, he brought me to Jerusalem The words “in visions” mean that this experience is happening in Ezekiel’s thoughts. His body would still be in his home while God shows him these things.
EZK 8 3 k28b figs-explicit 0 the inner northern gate “the inner northern gate of the temple.” The temple was surrounded by two walls, one inside the other. This gate was on the north side of the inner wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 8 4 eu7m 0 according to the vision I had seen on the plain This could mean: (1) “who looked the same as what I had seen in the vision that I saw when I was on the plain” or (2) “who looked the same as what I saw when I was on the plain.”
EZK 8 5 h9iv 0 General Information: The “figure like a man” ([Ezekiel 8:2](../08/02.md)) speaks to Ezekiel.
EZK 8 5 i1ht figs-explicit 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 8 5 y68q figs-idiom 0 lift up your eyes … lifted up my eyes This idiom means that he should look towards something. Alternate translation: “look up … looked up” or “turn your head and look … turned my head and looked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 8 6 ru9g figs-rquestion 0 do you see what they are doing? God uses this question to bring Ezekiel’s attention to what the people were doing. Alternate translation: “I want you to understand why I hate what the people here are doing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 8 6 j84y figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 8 7 l1ke figs-explicit 0 the courtyard You may need to make explicit which courtyard. “the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 8 10 hrz5 0 every form of creeping thing and detestable beast “carvings in the wall of all kinds of creeping animals and detestable beasts.” The phrase “creeping thing” refer to insects and other small animals.
EZK 8 10 af6e figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 8 10 cyf5 figs-explicit 0 the wall all around You may need to make explicit which wall. Alternate translation: “the wall all around the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 8 12 h4rf figs-rquestion 0 do you see what the elders of the house of Israel are doing in the dark? God is commanding Ezekiel to look at what the elders are doing. Alternate translation: “look at what the elders of the house of Israel are doing in the dark.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 8 12 jd3f figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 8 14 kg11 0 the entrance of the gate of Yahweh’s house that was on the north side This was the outer north gate—not the same one as in [Ezekiel 8:3](../08/03.md).
EZK 8 15 rjm9 figs-rquestion 0 Do you see this … man? Yahweh is commanding Ezekiel to think about what he has just seen. Alternate translation: “Think about this … man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 8 17 t38e figs-rquestion 0 Do you see this … man? Yahweh is commanding Ezekiel to think about what he has just seen. Alternate translation: “Think about this … man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 8 17 rp1r figs-rquestion 0 Is it a little thing for the house of Judah to do these abominations that they are doing here? God uses this question to show that he is right to be angry at the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “I am right to be angry at the house of Judah because of these abominations that they are doing here.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 8 17 wsq5 figs-metonymy 0 house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Judah people group” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 8 17 jz5k 0 they have filled the land with violence Alternate translation: “throughout the country they are doing violent things or “all over the country they are attacking one another”
EZK 8 17 bq27 0 to provoke me to anger Alternate translation: “to make me angry”
EZK 8 17 s9li figs-idiom 0 putting the branch to their noses This could mean: (1) the people were using the branches in false worship or (2) the people were using the branches to show rebellion against Yahweh. The words “branch to … noses” may be a literal tree branch and literal noses, or they could be the term for a hand gesture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 8 18 ivi2 figs-synecdoche 0 my eye will not have compassion The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “I will not look on them with compassion” or “I will not be compassionate to them” (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 9 intro jy4e 0 # Ezekiel 9 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sorrow over sin<br><br>God was looking for people who were sad that there was so much evil being done. Yahweh would keep these faithful people from being killed with the rest of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
EZK 9 2 b5f1 translate-unknown 0 linen a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. Alternate translation: “smooth cloth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EZK 9 2 i87b 0 scribe’s equipment tools that scribes write with
EZK 9 2 tl3q translate-unknown 0 bronze A dark gold-colored metal. It is made from mostly copper with tin added for strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EZK 9 3 ywh8 figs-explicit 0 from the cherubim where it had been This could mean: (1) “from above the four winged creatures” ([Ezekiel 1:5](../01/05.md)) or (2) from between the two cherubim in the most holy place in the temple. Try to translate this literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 9 4 a4ww figs-doublet 0 groan and sigh These are sounds people make when they feel very sad or grieved about something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 9 4 qf2l 0 the abominations being performed in the midst of the city “the horrible things being done in the city” or “the detestable things that people are doing in the city
EZK 9 5 mrs3 0 he spoke to the others within my hearing The word “others” refers to the guards ([Ezekiel 9:1](../09/01.md)).
EZK 9 5 r5es figs-synecdoche 0 Do not let your eyes have compassion The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “Do not have compassion” (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 9 6 p9s8 0 mark on his head These were the people who groaned about the abominations happening in Jerusalem. See how you translated “mark” in [Ezekiel 9:4](../09/04.md).
EZK 9 6 e6wg figs-explicit 0 Begin at my sanctuary You may need to make explicit what the people are to begin to do at the sanctuary. Alternate translation: “Begin to kill the ones who do not have the mark at my sanctuary” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 9 6 j3le 0 the elders This could mean: (1) the “seventy elders of the house of Israel” ([Ezekiel 8:11](../08/11.md)) or (2) any “old man” (see the beginning of the verse).
EZK 9 7 hqw7 figs-metonymy 0 attacked the city The word “city” is a metonym for the people in the city. Alternate translation: “attacked the people in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 9 8 pb8i figs-idiom 0 I fell on my face “I bowed down to the ground” or “I lay on the ground.” Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 9 8 wp6i 0 Ah, Lord Yahweh Ezekiel says this because he is very troubled by what the Lord told the men to do to Jerusalem. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:14](../04/14.md).
EZK 9 8 tm5e figs-idiom 0 will you destroy all the remnant of Israel in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem? Ezekiel is pleading with Yahweh not to destroy the remnant. Alternate translation: “please do not destroy all the remnant of Israel in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 9 8 gw3d figs-abstractnouns 0 in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem Wrath is spoken of as if it were a liquid that Yahweh could pour out of a container. The word “Jerusalem” is a metonym for the people in the city. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **outpouring**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “when you pour out your wrath on Jerusalem” or “when you punish the people of Jerusalem because you are very angry with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 9 9 b5dk figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 9 9 xs21 figs-metaphor 0 The land is full of blood and the city full of perversions Here “land” is spoken of as if it were a container filled with blood. Here “blood” is metonym for murder. And “city” is spoken of as if it were a container and “perversions” were the contents inside of it. Alternate translation: “All over the land people are killing innocent people, and all over the city people are doing wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 9 10 t7gp figs-synecdoche 0 my eye will not look with compassion The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “I will not look on them with compassion” or “I will not be compassionate to them” (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 9 10 ry6f 0 bring it all on their heads To bring someone’s conduct on him represents punishing him for his bad conduct. Alternate translation: “punishing them as they deserve”
EZK 9 11 yrc2 translate-unknown 0 linen a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/02.md). Alternate translation: “smooth cloth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EZK 10 intro yaf7 0 # Ezekiel 10 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God left the temple<br><br>God now abandoned Judah, and left the temple. This was devastating to the religious life of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
EZK 10 1 ema4 0 with the appearance of the likeness of a throne “that looked like something that looked like a throne.” Ezekiel is not willing to say for sure that it looked like a throne.
EZK 10 2 gcl9 translate-unknown 0 linen a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/02.md). Alternate translation: “smooth cloth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EZK 10 2 k5j9 0 Go between the wheels Translate the word “wheels” as in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md).
EZK 10 2 k823 0 fiery coals Coals are the burned pieces of wood left over after a fire. They are black, but they glow red and orange when they are very hot. They are also called charcoal.
EZK 10 3 iz5u writing-background 0 The cherubim stood … inner courtyard This is background information for the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
EZK 10 3 gi9l figs-explicit 0 on the right side As one faces east, “the right side” is toward the south. Alternate translation: “on the south side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 10 4 d8gh 0 The glory of Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md).
EZK 10 4 e2tx 0 It filled the glory of Yahweh filled
EZK 10 6 scy2 0 It came about This phrase is used here to mark when the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
EZK 10 6 pzn4 0 when God commanded the man dressed in linen and said This is a repeat of the information that was given in [Ezekiel 10:2](../10/02.md). After talking about the cherubim and God’s glory in 10:3-5, Ezekiel returns to telling about the man who was wearing linen.
EZK 10 6 hkd5 0 the man dressed in linen Translate “linen” as in [Ezekiel 9:1](../09/01.md).
EZK 10 6 ge4b 0 beside a wheel Translate “wheel” as in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md).
EZK 10 8 n4cv 0 I saw on the cherubim something like a man’s hand under their wings Alternate translation: “I saw that the cherubim had something like a man’s hand under their wings”
EZK 10 9 d8v9 figs-abstractnouns 0 the appearance of the wheels was like a beryl stone If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the wheels appeared to be like a beryl stone” or “what appeared to be wheels were like a beryl stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 10 9 nza9 translate-unknown 0 beryl stone “Beryl” here is a very hard, valuable stone. This beryl was probably green or blue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EZK 10 10 i72z figs-abstractnouns 0 Their appearance was the same likeness for all four of them If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “All four of them appeared to be similar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 10 11 vgw9 0 they went in any of their four directions This could mean: (1) “their” refers to the creatures. Alternate translation: “they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards” or (2) “their” refers to the wheels.
EZK 10 11 qn2m 0 whatever direction the head faced, they followed Here, the phrase **the head** could mean: (1) this refers to the winged creatures. Alternate translation: “they went in whatever direction the winged creatures were looking” or (2) this refers to the front wheel. Alternate translation: “they followed in whatever direction the front wheel went”
EZK 10 13 r5jq figs-activepassive 0 the wheels were called, “Whirling.” The word “Whirling” means “Spinning.” Here it is the name of the wheels. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone called the wheels, ‘Whirling.’” or “the name of the wheels was ‘Whirling.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 10 14 edf6 0 They had four faces each “Each cherub had four faces” or “Each of the cherubim had four faces.” Each creature had a face on the front, a face on the back, and a face on each side of its head. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:6](../01/06.md).
EZK 10 15 jya4 0 rose up Alternate translation: “went up into the air”
EZK 10 16 r9ip 0 They still stayed beside them Alternate translation: “The wheels stayed with the cherubim.” Alternate translation: “The wheels moved with the cherubim”
EZK 10 17 x7na 0 stood still Alternate translation: “stayed still” or “did not move”
EZK 10 17 b52c figs-idiom 0 the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels This could mean: (1) Ezekiel is speaking of the “creatures” of verse 15 as if they were one creature. Alternate translation: “the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels” or (2) Ezekiel is using an idiom. Alternate translation: “the spirit of life was in the wheels” or “the living spirit was in the wheels” or (3) the spirit in the creatures and in the wheels is the same. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:20](../01/20.md). Alternate translation: “the same spirit that gave life to the creatures also gave life to the wheels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 10 20 b8ev 0 the living creatures See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:13](../01/13.md).
EZK 10 20 mjn1 0 the Kebar Canal This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md).
EZK 10 21 is6s figs-abstractnouns 0 the likeness of human hands Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like human hands. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “something that looked like human hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 10 22 vgn2 figs-abstractnouns 0 the likeness of their faces was like the faces that I had seen If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “their faces looked like the faces that I had seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 11 intro p5z8 0 # Ezekiel 11 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Safety<br><br>The people were trusting Jerusalem to keep them safe. But God was going to pull them out of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>The people in Jerusalem used the metaphor “this city is the pot and we are the meat in the pot” meaning they were safe in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 11 1 fu8k 0 to the eastern gate of Yahweh’s house, facing east This gate was part of the wall that surrounded the temple area. Alternate translation: “the gate on the eastern side of the wall surrounding Yahweh’s house” or “the gate on the eastern wall of the temple courtyard”
EZK 11 1 vq4e 0 Yahweh’s house See how you translated this phrase in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
EZK 11 1 i38v 0 behold The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 11 1 maj2 translate-names 0 Jaazaniah son of Azzur and Pelatiah son of Benaiah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 11 1 w2rd 0 among them Alternate translation: “among the twenty-five men”
EZK 11 2 unw8 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 11 3 g14h 0 The time to build houses is not now This shows the people feel so secure they are not worried about building houses now. Other versions of the Bible read, “Now is the time to build our houses.” This would mean that the people want to build houses because they feel secure.
EZK 11 3 a2wt figs-metaphor 0 this city is the pot, and we are the meat The people speak of themselves as if they were good cuts of meat and of the city as if it were a pot in which the meat was stored or cooked. The metaphor suggests that they are important and safe within the city. Alternate translation: “This city is like a pot that will protect us as a pot protects meat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 11 5 n2rp figs-metaphor 0 the Spirit of Yahweh fell on me Ezekiel speaks of the Spirit of Yahweh inspiring and empowering him to prophesy as if the Spirit of Yahweh fell upon him. Alternate translation: “the Spirit of Yahweh empowered me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 11 5 k82u 0 That is what you are saying “You are saying these things.” This refers to what the people were saying in [Ezekiel 11:3](../11/03.md).
EZK 11 5 x459 figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “Israelites” or “Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 11 7 n3xy figs-metaphor 0 The people you have killed … are the meat, and this city is the pot Yahweh speaks of the people whom they have killed as if they were good cuts of meat and of the city as if it were a pot in which the meat was stored or cooked. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 11:3](../11/03.md). Alternate translation: “The people you have killed … are like the meat in the pot, and this city is like the pot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 11 7 bdf4 figs-activepassive 0 But you are going to be brought out If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But I am going to bring you out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 11 8 qb7n figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 11 9 wxb4 figs-metonymy 0 put you into the hands of foreigners Here the metonym “hands” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “put you into the power of foreigners” or “enable foreigners to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 11 10 g6p1 figs-metonymy 0 You will fall by the sword The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation: “They will kill you with their swords” or “You will die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 11 10 t7zd figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 11 11 th4x figs-metaphor 0 This city will not be your cooking pot, nor will you be the meat The people had spoken of themselves as if they were good cuts of meat and of the city as if it were a pot in which the meat was stored or cooked. Yahweh says that this is not true. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 11:3](../11/03.md). Alternate translation: “This city is not like a pot that will protect you as a pot protects meat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 11 12 yep1 figs-metaphor 0 the one whose statutes you have not walked in Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if it were walking in them, like person would walk along a road. Alternate translation: “the one whose statutes you have not obeyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 11 13 gb3r 0 It came about This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
EZK 11 13 t9qn translate-names 0 Pelatiah son of Benaiah This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:1](../11/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 11 13 b8by figs-idiom 0 I fell on my face “I bowed down to the ground” or “I lay on the ground.” Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 11 13 xi9q figs-exclamations 0 Alas, Lord Yahweh The word “Alas” is an exclamation that expresses fear and sadness. Alternate translation: “Oh no, Lord Yahweh” or “Ah, Lord Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
EZK 11 14 tw4u figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 11 15 e296 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family, in this case the Israelites who are the descendants of Jacob. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 11 15 lm9a figs-activepassive 0 All of them are those of whom it is said by those living in Jerusalem If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people living in Jerusalem say about all of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 11 15 tkv9 figs-activepassive 0 This land was given to us as our possession If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given this land to us as our possession” or “This land has become our possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 11 16 g1a3 figs-metaphor 0 I have been a sanctuary for them Yahweh speaks of dwelling among the people who are in exile as if he were a sanctuary for them. Alternate translation: “I have been with them” or “I have been like their place of worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 11 17 ycl8 figs-parallelism 0 I will gather you from the peoples, and assemble you from the lands These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition emphasizes the surety of Yahweh’s promise to bring the exiles back to the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “I will bring you back from all of the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 11 17 w63v figs-activepassive 0 where you were scattered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “where I scattered you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 11 18 gyd9 figs-doublet 0 every detestable thing and every abomination These words have similar meanings and emphasize that God will remove all the idols from Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 11 18 c4k7 0 every detestable thing This means things that cause hatred or disgust. Here it refers to idols.
EZK 11 19 twq3 figs-metaphor 0 I will give them one heart … give them a heart of flesh Yahweh speaks of all of the Israelites who are in exile as if they are one person, with one heart and one spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 11 19 c2mx figs-metonymy 0 I will give them one heart Here the metonym “heart” represents the will and emotions. Yahweh speaks of causing all of the people to share the same new emotions as if he were giving them one heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 11 19 g99v figs-metonymy 0 I will put a new spirit within them Here the metonym “spirit” represents the thoughts and disposition. Yahweh speaks of causing the people to think new thoughts as if he were giving them a new spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 11 19 p8jh figs-metaphor 0 I will take out the heart of stone from their flesh and give them a heart of flesh Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had a stone heart and of their being willingly obedient as if they had a heart of flesh. He speaks of causing them to become willingly obedient as if he were exchanging those two hearts. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to stop being stubborn and instead cause them to obey me willingly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 11 20 w6pp figs-parallelism 0 they will walk in my statutes, they will carry out my decrees and do them Each of these phrases have similar meanings and describes the people as obeying what Yahweh has commanded them to do. They are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 11 20 rbp4 figs-metaphor 0 they will walk in my statutes Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if it were walking in them, like a person would walk along a road. Alternate translation: “they will obey my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 11 21 v47i figs-metaphor 0 those who walk with affection toward their detestable things Yahweh speaks of a person’s conduct as if it were the person walking. Alternate translation: “those who conduct their lives out of devotion to their detestable things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 11 21 e32n 0 detestable things This means things that cause hatred or disgust. Here it refers to idols. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:18](../11/18.md).
EZK 11 21 el11 figs-metonymy 0 I will bring their conduct on their own heads Here the metonym “conduct” represents the consequences of their actions. The idiom “bring … on their own heads” means they will experience these consequences. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to suffer the consequences of their actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 11 24 tg29 figs-metaphor 0 the vision that I had seen went up from upon me Ezekiel speaks of the vision ending as if the vision was an object that had been upon him and then left him. Alternate translation: “the vision that I had seen ended” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 12 intro f6uu 0 # Ezekiel 12 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Exile<br><br>God warned that very soon the people in Jerusalem would be exiled to Babylon.
EZK 12 1 k8p8 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 12 2 jq8g 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 12 2 hn5d figs-metonymy 0 a rebellious house The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “a rebellious people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 12 2 l1eb figs-metaphor 0 they have eyes to see but they do not see … they have ears to hear but do not listen People being unable to understand Yahweh’s message and what he is doing is spoken of as if the people were unable physically to see and hear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 12 3 xs13 figs-metaphor 0 Perhaps they will begin to see People being able to understand Yahweh’s message and what he is doing is spoken of as if the people were able physically to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 12 3 c6qb figs-metonymy 0 a rebellious house The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “a rebellious people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 12 6 u4pj figs-metaphor 0 have set you as a sign Here the word “sign” refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of Ezekiel and his actions as being this warning. Alternate translation: “have made you to be a warning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 12 6 qb8m figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 12 7 j529 figs-activepassive 0 just as I was commanded If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as Yahweh commanded me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 12 8 l466 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 12 9 l9r6 figs-rquestion 0 Son of man, is the house of Israel, that rebellious house, not asking, ‘What are you doing?’ God asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knew—that the people had asked him this question. Alternate translation: “Son of man, the house of Israel, that rebellious house, is asking, ‘What are you doing?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 12 9 jq4d figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel, that rebellious house The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. Translate “rebellious house” as in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “the people of Israel, that rebellious people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 12 9 vl36 figs-explicit 0 What are you doing Since the people had seen what Ezekiel was doing, their question implies their desire to know the reason why he was doing it. Alternate translation: “What is the meaning of the things you are doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 12 10 f31s figs-explicit 0 in whose midst they are The phrase “in whose midst” refers to Jerusalem, while “they” refers to the “house of Israel.” Alternate translation: “who are in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 12 11 bud3 figs-metaphor 0 I am a sign to you Here the word “sign” refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Ezekiel speaks of himself and his actions as being this warning. Alternate translation: “I am a warning to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 12 11 lu5x figs-activepassive 0 so it will be done to them The word “them” refers to the people living in Jerusalem. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so others will do to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 12 13 v599 figs-metaphor 0 I will spread out my net over him and he will be caught in my snare Yahweh speaks of enabling the Chaldeans to capture the prince as if he himself were catching the prince in a trap that he had set. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 12 13 b8eb figs-explicit 0 I will bring him to Babylon Yahweh speaks of enabling the Chaldeans to bring the prince to Babylon as if he himself were bringing the prince there. Alternate translation: “I will cause the Chaldeans to bring him to Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 12 14 g1lt figs-metonymy 0 I will send out a sword after them The word “sword” is a metonym for enemy armies who will attack with their swords. Alternate translation: “I will send armies to pursue them with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 12 15 b8dc figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 12 15 z9cd figs-parallelism 0 when I scatter them among the nations and disperse them throughout the lands These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “when I cause them to separate from each other and live in different nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 12 16 gum8 figs-metonymy 0 I will spare … from the sword, famine, and plague The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. You may need to make explicit that they will not die from famine or plague. Alternate translation: “I will keep … from dying in battle, from starving to death, and from dying of disease” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 12 17 hw99 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 12 19 k8x8 figs-activepassive 0 the land will be despoiled of its fullness The word “fullness” refers to everything in the land. The word “despoiled” means that people will empty the land of everything in it. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “others will empty the land of everything in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 12 20 qv3r figs-activepassive 0 the cities that were inhabited will be desolate If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the cities where people lived will be desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 12 21 s431 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 12 22 c3l9 figs-rquestion 0 what is this proverb that you have in the land of Israel that says, ‘The days are prolonged, and every vision fails’? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel something he already knows. The question is a mild rebuke for the people who use the proverb. Alternate translation: “the people in the land of Israel have this proverb that says, ‘The days are prolonged, and every vision fails.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 12 22 izv9 figs-idiom 0 The days are prolonged This idiom means that many days have passed. Alternate translation: “Many days have passed” or “Time has gone by” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 12 22 e12i figs-explicit 0 every vision fails This means that the visions that the prophets receive and communicate to the people fail to happen. Alternate translation: “every prophetic vision fails to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 12 23 q8d7 figs-explicit 0 The days have drawn near This phrase refers to the days in which Israel will be judged. Alternate translation: “The days of judgment are coming soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 12 23 d1nt figs-activepassive 0 every vision will be fulfilled If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will fulfill every vision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 12 24 ic9f figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 12 25 u14a figs-idiom 0 I carry out the words that I speak This idiom means that Yahweh does what he says. Alternate translation: “I do the things that I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 12 25 tt5d figs-explicit 0 The matter will no longer be delayed The “matter” refers to the things that Yahweh says will happen. Alternate translation: “What I say will no longer be delayed” or “What I say will happen soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 12 25 k2w3 figs-idiom 0 in your days This idiom refers to the period of time in which a person lives. Alternate translation: “while you are alive” or “during you lifetime” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 12 25 v5wt figs-metonymy 0 rebellious house This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “rebellious people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 12 25 a4fd figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 12 26 pru4 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 12 27 c293 0 Behold The word “Behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 12 27 g561 figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 12 27 e8hv figs-parallelism 0 The vision that he sees is for many days from now, and he prophesies of far off times These phrases are both ways the people of Israel are saying Ezekiel’s warnings will not happen in their lifetime but will happen far in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 12 28 t479 figs-activepassive 0 My words will not be delayed any longer If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will no longer delay the word I have spoken” or “I will no longer delay doing what I said I would do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 13 intro g7xl 0 # Ezekiel 13 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### False prophets<br><br>God spoke against people who said they were prophesying but had not received any message from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>God said of people who encourage others to feel safe even when they continue to sin were not strengthening a wall but just putting whitewash on it to hide the imperfections. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 13 1 eh7a figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 13 2 xk9v 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 13 2 wva8 0 prophesying out of their own imaginations Alternate translation: “prophesying only the things that they imagine”
EZK 13 3 utk4 figs-idiom 0 who follow their own spirit Here the word “spirit” represents the thoughts and ideas of the person. To “follow” here is an idiom that means to do what their own ideas suggest for them to do. Alternate translation: “who act according to their own ideas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 13 4 m1pb figs-simile 0 like jackals in the wastelands Like jackals that scavenge for food and shelter among the abandoned ruins of cities, the prophets are using the destruction of Jerusalem for their own benefit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 13 4 wa76 0 jackals wild animals that are related to dogs and that scavenge for food in abandoned places.
EZK 13 5 k3rb 0 the wall around the house of Israel This refers to the wall surrounding the city of Jerusalem.
EZK 13 5 l4sl figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 13 5 m2a3 figs-explicit 0 resist in battle You can supply the implicit information here. Alternate translation: “resist the enemy armies” or “defend the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 13 5 nqi9 figs-explicit 0 the day of Yahweh This refers to the time when Yahweh will judge his people by means of an enemy army. Alternate translation: “the day of Yahweh’s judgment” or “the day when Yahweh judges you by sending enemy armies to attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 13 6 bj6l figs-idiom 0 Such and such This is a phrase used to refer to anything the prophet may have said. Your language may have another way to say this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 13 7 dd96 figs-rquestion 0 Have you not had false visions … when I myself have not spoken? Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the false prophets. Alternate translation: “You have had false visions … because I myself have not spoken.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 13 7 ul2r 0 had false visions and made false predictions Since the false prophets have not really received a message from Yahweh, what they predict about the future is not true.
EZK 13 8 g7d3 figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 13 9 yjk8 figs-metonymy 0 My hand will be against the prophets Here the word “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. That his hand will be against them is a metaphor that means that he will punish them with his power. Alternate translation: “I will punish the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 13 9 bvb5 0 They will not be in the assembly of my people This means that Yahweh will not consider these false prophets to be part of the people of Israel.
EZK 13 9 lpb9 figs-activepassive 0 or enrolled in the record of the house of Israel This probably refers to an official record of the citizens of Israel. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “nor will anyone enroll their names in the record of the house of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 13 9 d6b4 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 13 9 rw99 figs-explicit 0 know that I am the Lord Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am the Lord Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, the Lord Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 13 10 j6bq figs-metaphor 0 General Information: In these verses, Yahweh speaks of the false security that the prophets have given to the people by speaking of peace as if the prophets had built a poorly-constructed wall and covered it over with white paint in order to make it look good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 13 10 w5mi figs-metaphor 0 they led my people astray Yahweh speaks of the prophets deceiving the people and getting them to believe lies as if the prophets had led the people away from the path upon which they should have been walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 13 10 l5v7 figs-metaphor 0 they are building a wall that they will paint with whitewash Here “a wall” stands for peace and security that the false prophets told the people that Yahweh was promising to give them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 13 10 i365 0 whitewash The word “whitewash” refers to a white liquid mixture or paint used to cover up impurities and make surfaces white.
EZK 13 11 z2ym 0 whitewashing The word “whitewashing” refers to covering a surface with a white liquid mixture to cover up impurities and make the surface white.
EZK 13 11 aee2 figs-metaphor 0 I will send hailstones to make it fall down, and a windstorm wind to break it down Yahweh refers to the judgment that he will send upon the people as if it were a severe storm that breaks down the wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 13 11 zn9q 0 hailstones balls of ice that sometimes falls from the sky during a rainstorm.
EZK 13 12 zbu8 figs-rquestion 0 Have others not said to you, “Where is the whitewash that you put on it?” Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that others will ask the prophets what happened to their whitewash. Alternate translation: “Others will certainly say to you, ‘Where is the whitewash that you put on it?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 13 12 d3qf figs-rquestion 0 Where is the whitewash that you put on it? This could mean: (1) that this is an honest question for which the people expect and answer or (2) this is a rhetorical question that the people ask out of sarcasm. Alternate translation: “The whitewash that you put on it did no good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 13 13 ap58 figs-metaphor 0 I will bring a windstorm … completely destroy it. Yahweh refers to the judgment that he will send upon the people as if it were a severe storm that breaks down the wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 13 14 hbi9 figs-metaphor 0 you will be annihilated in the middle of it all The phrase “in the middle of it all” refers to the stones of the wall that Yahweh will break down. He speaks of destroying the people in his judgment as if the wall would crush them to death when he breaks it down. Alternate translation: “all of its stones will crush you to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 13 14 z436 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 13 15 ctz7 0 whitewashed it The word “whitewash” refers to a white liquid mixture or paint used to cover up impurities and make surfaces white. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 13:10](../13/10.md).
EZK 13 16 sf6q 0 the prophets of Israel who prophesied about Jerusalem and who had visions of peace for her This phrase defines who “the people who whitewashed it” are.
EZK 13 16 ey4q 0 visions of peace for her The word “her” refers to Jerusalem.
EZK 13 17 s26u translate-symaction 0 set your face against the daughters This is a command to stare at the women as a symbol of punishing them. Translate “set your face against” as you did in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/03.md). Alternate translation: “stare at the daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 13 17 ik9n figs-metonymy 0 set your face against Here “face” is a metonym for attention or gaze, and “set your face” represents staring. Alternate translation: “stare at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 13 17 tq75 figs-idiom 0 daughters of your people This idiom refers to women who belong to the same people group as Ezekiel does. Alternate translation: “women of Israel” or “your countrywomen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 13 17 e4gm 0 prophesy out of their own minds “prophesying only the things that they think in their own minds.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 13:2](../13/02.md).
EZK 13 17 bns7 0 prophesy against “prophesy about the bad things that will happen to them.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:7](../04/07.md).
EZK 13 18 csi2 0 sew magic charms onto every part of their hand This means that they sew magic charms together and then attach them to their hands, not that they sew them directly onto their hands.
EZK 13 18 n6ji 0 charms objects believed to have magical powers.
EZK 13 18 u8m1 figs-metaphor 0 used to hunt down people Yahweh speaks of these women using beauty, mystery, and lies to deceive people as if the people were animals that the women hunted down and trapped with their charms. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that they use to hunt down people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 13 18 u9hw figs-explicit 0 make veils for their heads of every size This means that they make veils to put on the heads of people of different height. Alternate translation: “make veils for the heads of women of every stature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 13 18 xte5 figs-rquestion 0 Will you hunt down my people but save your own lives? Yahweh asks this as a leading question to rebuke the women who do these things. The implicit answer is, “no.” Alternate translation: “Do not think that you will be able to save your own lives after you have hunted down my people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 13 19 le52 figs-parallelism 0 handfuls of barley and crumbs of bread Barley is a grain used to make bread and the word “crumb” is a small amount of bread. Both phrases are small amounts of food and are used to emphasize how small the payment was to the prophetesses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 13 20 j7z4 figs-metaphor 0 the magic charms that you have used to ensnare the people’s lives as if they were birds Yahweh speaks of these women using their magic charms to deceive people as if the people were birds that the women trapped with those charms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 13 21 yvk8 figs-metonymy 0 rescue my people from your hand Here the word “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “rescue my people from your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 13 21 n5mb figs-metonymy 0 they will no longer be trapped in your hands Here the word “hand” represents power or control. Yahweh speaks of the people being in the control of these women as if the women had trapped them with their hands. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will no longer trap them like prey in your hands” or “you will no longer control them with your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 13 22 ua8v figs-synecdoche 0 discourage the heart of the righteous person Here the word “heart” represents the person and his emotions. Alternate translation: “discourage the righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 13 22 j9vh figs-metaphor 0 turn from his way To stop doing something is referred to as turning in a different direction. Alternate translation: “stop what he is doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 13 23 qq2h figs-parallelism 0 have false visions or continue to make predictions Both of these phrases refer to talking about what will happen in the future. Alternate translation: “continue to make false predictions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 13 23 vus2 figs-metonymy 0 I will rescue my people out of your hand Here the word “hand” represents power or control. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 13:21](../13/21.md). Alternate translation: “I will rescue my people from your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 14 intro q72w 0 # Ezekiel 14 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jerusalem deserves punishment<br><br>When the captives from Jerusalem arrive in Babylon, it will be obvious why God has punished them.
EZK 14 1 vy2v figs-explicit 0 Some of the elders of Israel came to me and sat before me The elders sat before Ezekiel in order to inquire of the Lord through Ezekiel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 14 2 bz2f figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 14 3 g57d 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 14 3 ky9e figs-metaphor 0 have taken their idols into their hearts Yahweh speaks of the elders committing themselves to worshiping idols as if the elders had “taken their idols into their hearts.” Alternate translation: “have devoted themselves to idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 14 3 qej2 figs-metaphor 0 have put the stumbling block of their iniquity before their own faces Yahweh speaks of the idols that the elders worship as if they were blocks over which the elders stumble, and of being determined to worship those idols as if they had placed those stumbling blocks in front of their faces. Alternate translation: “have resolutely determined to worship the things that lead to iniquity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 14 3 s8bu 0 stumbling block of their iniquity This could mean: (1) the idols are a stumbling block that leads to the elders’ iniquity or (2) worshiping idols is an iniquity that causes the elders to stumble.
EZK 14 3 lx5m figs-rquestion 0 Should I be inquired of at all by them? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the elders should not be inquiring of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Should I permit them to inquire of me at all?” or “They should not be inquiring of me at all.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 14 4 te7p 0 Therefore announce this to them The word “them” refers to the “men from the elders of Israel.”
EZK 14 4 m2x4 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 14 4 ug3h figs-metaphor 0 who takes his idols into his heart Yahweh speaks of the people committing themselves to worshiping idols as if they had taken their idols into their hearts. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 14:3](../14/03.md). Alternate translation: “who devotes himself to idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 14 4 xtx8 figs-metaphor 0 who puts the stumbling block of his iniquity before his face Yahweh speaks of the idols that people worship as if they were blocks over which the people stumble, and of being determined to worship those idols as if they had placed those stumbling blocks in front of their faces. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 14:3](../14/03.md). Alternate translation: “who resolutely determines to worship the things that lead to iniquity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 14 4 xz4e figs-explicit 0 I, Yahweh, will answer him according to the number of his idols This phrase refers to the many idols that the people worship. It is implied that the severity of Yahweh’s answer will as great as the number of idols that they worship. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, will give him the answer that he deserves because he worships so many idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 14 5 j64j figs-metonymy 0 I may take back the house of Israel in their hearts Here the word “hearts” represents the minds and affections of the people. Yahweh speaks of causing them to be devoted to him once again as if he were to capture their hearts. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Israel to be devoted to me again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 14 5 de8y figs-metonymy 0 their hearts that have been driven far from me through their idols Here the word “hearts” represents the minds and affections of the people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who have all left me to worship their idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 14 6 py23 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 14 6 a97y figs-parallelism 0 Repent and turn away from your idols! Turn back your faces from all your abominations Both of these phrases are ways to tell the people of Israel to stop worshiping idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 14 6 fs6a figs-doublet 0 Repent and turn away The words “repent” and “turn way” mean basically the same thing. Together they strengthen the command to stop worshiping idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 14 6 qdy3 figs-synecdoche 0 Turn back your faces Here the word “faces” represents the people. Alternate translation: “Turn back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 14 7 g5x6 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 14 7 ysu8 figs-metaphor 0 who takes his idols into his heart Yahweh speaks of the people committing themselves to worshiping idols as if they had taken their idols into their hearts. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 14:3](../14/03.md). Alternate translation: “who devotes himself to idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 14 7 r65x figs-metaphor 0 puts the stumbling block of his iniquity before his own face Yahweh speaks of the idols that people worship as if they were blocks over which the people stumble, and of being determined to worship those idols as if they had placed those stumbling blocks in front of their faces. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 14:3](../14/03.md). Alternate translation: “who resolutely determines to worship the things that lead to iniquity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 14 8 zqu7 translate-symaction 0 I will set my face against that man Yahweh speaks of being opposed to a person as if he were to set his face against that person. Alternate translation: “I will be against that man” or “I will oppose that man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 14 8 rl54 figs-metonymy 0 set my face Here “face” is a metonym for attention or gaze, and “set my face” refers to staring. Alternate translation: “stare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 14 8 c7bd figs-metaphor 0 make him a sign and a proverb Here the word “sign” refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. The word proverb refers to what people will say about that sign when they see it. Alternate translation: “I will make that man to be a warning and a proverb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 14 8 x6fl figs-metaphor 0 I will cut him off from the midst of my people Yahweh speaks of causing a person no longer to belong to his people as if he were cutting that person off from the people, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “I will cause him no longer to belong to my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 14 8 gh8a figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 14 9 kcw5 figs-metonymy 0 I will reach out with my hand against him God’s “hand” refers to what he does. Alternate translation: “I will work against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 14 10 sx1i figs-metonymy 0 They will carry their own iniquity Here the word “iniquity” represents the guilt that people incur for committing iniquity. Yahweh speaks of people suffering the consequences of their iniquity as if they were carrying the iniquity. Alternate translation: “They will suffer the consequences of their own iniquity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 14 11 u1nx figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 14 11 w71r figs-metaphor 0 will no longer wander away from following me Yahweh speaks of the people no longer worshiping him as if they were to wander away from him and no longer follow him. Alternate translation: “will no longer stop worshiping me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 14 11 cf1w figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 14 13 edi9 figs-metonymy 0 when a land sins against me Here the word “land” represents the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “when the people who live in a land sin against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 14 13 n9gs figs-metaphor 0 break the staff of its bread Yahweh speaks of the supply of bread as if it were a staff. The word “bread” represents all kinds of food. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:16](../04/16.md). Alternate translation: “end the supply of its food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 14 13 mf8q figs-metaphor 0 cut off both man and beast from the land Yahweh speaks of killing people and animals as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “kill both man and beast in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 14 16 qw9t figs-idiom 0 as I live “as surely as I am alive.” Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 14 16 dg9n figs-activepassive 0 only their own lives would be rescued If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they could only rescue their own lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 14 17 g26k 0 if I bring a sword against that land The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation:
EZK 14 17 v6i5 figs-metonymy 0 Sword, go through the land Here the word “sword” represents the soldiers of an enemy army who attack with swords. Alternate translation: “Army, go through the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 14 17 n3ti figs-metaphor 0 cut off both man and beast from it Yahweh speaks of killing people and animals as if it were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “kill both man and beast in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 14 18 rb94 figs-activepassive 0 only their own lives would be rescued If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they would only rescue their own lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 14 19 xe11 figs-metaphor 0 pour out my fury Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury as if his fury were a liquid that he pours out from a container. Alternate translation: “I will express my fury” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 14 19 d1pl figs-metaphor 0 cut off both man and beast Yahweh speaks of killing people and animals as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “kill both man and beast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 14 20 sa88 figs-activepassive 0 only their own lives would be rescued If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they would only rescue their own lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 14 21 v31a figs-metaphor 0 to cut off both man and beast from her Yahweh speaks of killing people and animals as if it were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. The word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “to kill both man and beast in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 14 22 h8bn 0 Behold The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the information that follows.
EZK 14 22 r9k7 0 left in her The word “her” refers to Jerusalem.
EZK 14 22 zf8a figs-activepassive 0 be comforted concerning the punishment If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will comfort you concerning the punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 14 23 kf7g 0 done against her The word “her” refers to Jerusalem.
EZK 14 23 u2vu figs-doublet 0 their ways and their actions Both of these phrases refer to what the people of Israel have done. Alternate translation: “the way they live” or “the things they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 15 intro n4wz 0 # Ezekiel 15 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Useless<br><br>God said that the people of Jerusalem were useless to him. He uses a simile to show just how useless they were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 15 1 pb75 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 15 2 mim8 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 15 2 j7mt figs-rquestion 0 how is a vine better than any tree with branches that is among the trees in a forest? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “a vine is not better than any tree with branches that is among the trees in a forest.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 15 3 c3me figs-rquestion 0 Do people take wood from a vine to make anything? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “People do not take wood from a vine to make anything.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 15 3 lw53 figs-rquestion 0 do they make a peg from it to hang anything on it? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “they do not make a peg from it to hang things on it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 15 4 z9vv figs-rquestion 0 If it is thrown into a fire as fuel … is it good for anything? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “If it is thrown into a fire as fuel … it is not good for anything.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 15 4 s2c2 figs-activepassive 0 If it is thrown into a fire as fuel If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If a person throws it into a fire as fuel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 15 7 vz2d translate-symaction 0 I will set my face against them Yahweh speaks of being opposed to them as if he were to set his face against them. Alternate translation: “I will be against them” or “I will oppose them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 15 7 f6qy figs-metonymy 0 set my face Here “face” is a metonym for attention or gaze, and “set my face” refers to staring. Alternate translation: “stare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 15 7 f76q figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 15 7 m4ls figs-metaphor 0 Though they come out from the fire, yet the fire will consume them Yahweh speaks of the punishment that he will afflict upon the people as if it were a fire that burns them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 15 7 xw6u figs-metaphor 0 the fire will consume them Yahweh speaks of fire burning things as if the fire consumed them. Alternate translation: “the fire will destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 15 8 u34p figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 16 intro ll3w 0 # Ezekiel 16 General Notes<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>God compared Judah to an adulteress because she worshiped idols instead of God who had done so much to help her. Adultery is a common image used to describe the worship of idols by Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 1 c6sa figs-metaphor 0 General Information: In this chapter, Yahweh speaks about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful bride. He describes her growth from infancy to adulthood. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 1 rhc3 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 16 2 cb3d 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 16 3 azi1 figs-doublet 0 Your beginning and your birth These two phrases share similar meanings. Yahweh speaks of when people founded the city as if it were the city’s birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 3 ug1v figs-metaphor 0 your father was an Amorite, and your mother was a Hittite The Amorites and Hittites were both pagan people groups who lived in the land before the people of Israel conquered it. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem’s father and mother belonging to these people groups to express that she was born into idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 4 tbf2 figs-synecdoche 0 your mother did not cut your navel Here “navel” refers to the umbilical cord that is attached to the navel. Alternate translation: “you mother did not cut your umbilical cord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 16 5 exg6 figs-synecdoche 0 No eye had compassion for you Here the word “eye” represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: “Nobody who saw you had compassion for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 16 5 p9bt figs-activepassive 0 you were thrown out into the open field If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your parents threw you out into the open field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 16 6 q16r figs-ellipsis 0 I said to you in your blood The implicit information can be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “I said to you as you were lying in your blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
EZK 16 7 pbn3 figs-simile 0 I made you grow like a plant in a field Here Yahweh compares growing quickly with the way a plant grows quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 16 7 vh53 figs-doublet 0 You multiplied and became great These two phrases share similar meanings. They both refer to her growing and becoming taller. Alternate translation: “You matured and grew taller” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 16 7 f44l figs-metaphor 0 you became the jewel of jewels Here the woman, who represents Jerusalem, is spoken of as if she had become the finest of all jewels, that is, as if she had become the most beautiful of all women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 7 ufd7 0 you became the jewel of jewels Some modern versions translate “You became old enough to wear jewels.”
EZK 16 7 v3hb figs-doublet 0 naked and bare These two words mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “completely naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 16 8 fs2l 0 See! The word “see” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 16 13 j9tf figs-activepassive 0 you were adorned with gold and silver, and you were dressed in fine linen If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I adorned you with gold and silver, and dressed you in fine linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 16 15 mb92 figs-metaphor 0 acted like a prostitute Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as if the city were an unfaithful wife who sleeps with other men in exchange for payment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 15 c6e2 figs-metaphor 0 you poured out your acts of prostitution Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem’s immoral actions as if they were liquids and of committing those actions repeatedly as if it were pouring those liquids from a container. Alternate translation: “you repeatedly committed your acts of prostitution” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 15 wq1l 0 so that your beauty became his This Hebrew phrase is translated in many different ways by various modern versions. For example, some Bibles read “so that you gave yourself to him” or “his it was”
EZK 16 17 rgp8 figs-euphemism 0 you did with them as a prostitute would do This could mean: (1) this is a polite way to say the young woman was sleeping with the male figures. Alternate translation: “you slept with them” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of her worshiping the figures as if she were sleeping with them. Alternate translation: “you worshiped them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 20 tgj4 figs-explicit 0 you sacrificed them to the images to be devoured as food Here Yahweh speaks of something that the people of Israel had actually done. They sacrificed their children to pagan idols. In these ancient pagan sacrifices, the people believed that the gods would eat the food that they offered to them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you sacrificed them to the images so that those images could devour them as food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 16 20 ku1z figs-rquestion 0 Are your acts of prostitution a small matter? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the woman is acting as if her prostitution was not bad enough and so she decided to sacrifice her children as well. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You must think that your acts of prostitution are a small matter.” or “I do not think your acts of prostitution are a small matter.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 16 21 pxu4 figs-explicit 0 made them pass through the fire Here Yahweh speaks of something that the people of Israel had actually done. They sacrificed their children to pagan idols. It is implicit that she put them into the fire in order to offer them as burnt offerings to her images. Alternate translation: “sacrificed them as burnt offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 16 22 wvq2 figs-doublet 0 naked and bare These two words mean the same thing. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:7](../16/07.md). Alternate translation: “completely naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 16 24 fs8i 0 you built yourself a mound and made yourself a lofty shrine in every public place This could mean: (1) she could worship her idols or (2) she could practice her prostitution.
EZK 16 25 lz72 figs-metaphor 0 at the head of every road Yahweh speaks of the beginning of a road as if it were its head. Alternate translation: “at the beginning of every road” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 27 myt7 0 See! The word “see” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 16 27 c82p figs-metonymy 0 I will strike you with my hand Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “I will use my power to strike you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 27 ge6y figs-metaphor 0 cut off your food Yahweh speaks of stopping the supply of food as if it were cutting off the food. Alternate translation: “stop your food supply” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 27 ltw1 figs-synecdoche 0 I will hand your life over Here “life” represents the person. Alternate translation: “I will hand you over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 16 27 r2ql figs-metaphor 0 the daughters of the Philistines Here Yahweh speaks of the cities of Philistia as if they were the daughters of the Philistines. The cities represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the Philistine people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 30 db6k figs-rquestion 0 How sick is your heart … that you would do all these things, deeds of a shameless prostitute? Yahweh asks the rhetorical question in order to rebuke Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your heart must be very sick … that you would do all these things, deeds of a shameless prostitute!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 16 30 yze4 figs-metonymy 0 How sick is your heart Here the word “heart” represents the will and emotions. Yahweh speaks of her inability to control her desires as if her heart were sick. Alternate translation: “How weak-willed are you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 31 bg24 0 built your mounds … made your lofty shrines This could mean: (1) she could worship her idols or (2) she could practice her prostitution. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:24](../16/24.md).
EZK 16 31 wxg7 figs-metaphor 0 at the head of every street Yahweh speaks of the beginning of a street as if it were its head. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 16:25](../16/25.md). Alternate translation: “at the beginning of every street” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 32 nw3d figs-euphemism 0 you accept strangers instead of your husband This refers to accepting someone to sleep with her. Alternate translation: “you accept strangers into your bed instead of your husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 16 36 hnw5 figs-metaphor 0 you have poured out your lust Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem’s lust as if it were liquid and of committing actions repeatedly to gratify that lust as if it were pouring that liquid from a container. Alternate translation: “you repeatedly committed actions to gratify your lust” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 36 xyi5 0 poured out your lust Some modern versions translate “poured your wealth out.”
EZK 16 36 n2sq 0 you gave them your children’s blood This refers to killing children as a sacrifice to idols.
EZK 16 37 zp96 0 behold The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 16 37 awf2 figs-explicit 0 so they see all your nakedness Stripping a person naked in front of others was an action intended to humiliate the person. The word “nakedness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “so they can see you completely naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 16 38 s8wc figs-metonymy 0 the shedding of blood This phrase represents murder in any form. Alternate translation: “murder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 38 ljg4 figs-metonymy 0 I will bring on you the bloodshed of my anger and passion Here “bloodshed” represents murder in any form. This could mean: (1) Yahweh speaks of punishing her for murder as if he were bringing bloodshed upon her. Alternate translation: “In my anger and passion, I will punish you for committing murder” or (2) Yahweh speaks of putting her to death as if he were bringing bloodshed upon her. Alternate translation: “In my anger and passion, I will shed your blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 39 ylz3 figs-metonymy 0 I will give you into their hands Here “hands” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I will place you in their control” or “I will allow them to have power over you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 39 ia4f 0 throw down your vaulted chamber Possible meanings are that they will destroy (1) the place where she worshiped her idols or (2) the place where she practiced her prostitution. See how you translated “vaulted chamber” in [Ezekiel 16:24](../16/24.md).
EZK 16 39 gp28 figs-doublet 0 naked and bare These two words mean the same thing. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:7](../16/07.md). Alternate translation: “completely naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 16 41 ket8 figs-abstractnouns 0 will perform many acts of punishment on you The word “punishment” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “will punish you in many different ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 16 42 h192 figs-metonymy 0 I will calm my fury against you; my anger will leave you The words “fury” and “anger” refer to the punishment that Yahweh inflicts because he is angry. The two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “I will stop punishing you because I will no longer be angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 16 43 n9xq figs-idiom 0 call to mind This idiom means to remember. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 16 43 g913 0 have made me shake with anger because of all these things Here “shake” refers to a physical response that a person has when he is extremely angry. As Jerusalem was doing these things, she did not think about what Yahweh had done when she was young.
EZK 16 43 qa7p 0 behold! The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 16 44 c35j 0 Behold! The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 16 45 u96d figs-metaphor 0 Your mother was a Hittite, and your father was an Amorite The Amorites and Hittites were both pagan people groups who lived in the land before the people of Israel conquered it. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem’s father and mother belonging to these people groups to express that she was born into idolatry. See how you translated these phrases in [Ezekiel 16:3](../16/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 46 h77t figs-explicit 0 Your older sister was Samaria … your younger sister was the one living south of you, that is, Sodom Samaria and Sodom were both cities that Yahweh had judged for their idolatry and wickedness. Yahweh speaks of these cities being Jerusalem’s sisters to express that she belonged to a family that practiced idolatry and wickedness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 47 ff3w figs-metaphor 0 You not only walked in their ways The way a person lives is spoken of as if the person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “You not only acted like them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 47 m7tq figs-doublet 0 copied their behavior and practices Here the words “behavior” and “practices” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “copied the things that they did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 16 49 i51i figs-metaphor 0 arrogant in her leisure, careless and unconcerned about anything Yahweh describes Sodom as a rich woman who has more than enough food and lives in security. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 49 ms78 figs-synecdoche 0 She did not strengthen the hands of the poor and needy people Here the word “hands” represents the people who work with their hands. The words “poor” and “needy” emphasize that these are people who cannot help themselves. Alternate translation: “She did not help the people who could not help themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 16 51 l9j8 0 you have shown that your sisters were better than you Yahweh uses this phrase three times to emphasize that the wicked cities of Samaria and Sodom were more righteous than Jerusalem.
EZK 16 52 z6dn 0 Especially you, show your own shame Yahweh uses this phrase twice to emphasize how shamefully the people of Jerusalem have acted.
EZK 16 54 c2hp figs-activepassive 0 you will be humiliated If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will humiliate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 16 54 mj9k figs-abstractnouns 0 you will be a comfort to them The noun “comfort” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “you will comfort Sodom and Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 16 55 hdf7 figs-activepassive 0 your sister Sodom and her daughters will be restored to their former condition If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will restore your sister Sodom and her daughters to their former condition” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 16 55 k82v figs-activepassive 0 Samaria and her daughters will be restored to their former estate If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will restore your sister Samaria and her daughters to their former estate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 16 55 jw21 figs-activepassive 0 you and your daughters will be restored to your former condition If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will restore you and your daughters to your former condition” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 16 56 ni17 figs-synecdoche 0 Sodom your sister was not even mentioned by your mouth Here the word “mouth” represents the person who speaks. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You did not even mention your sister Sodom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 16 57 lwe5 figs-activepassive 0 before your wickedness was revealed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “before you revealed your wickedness” or “before I revealed your wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 16 57 k4cs figs-metaphor 0 the daughters of Edom and to all the daughters of the Philistines Here Yahweh speaks of the cities of Edom and Philistia as if they were the daughters of Edom and of the Philistines. The cities represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the Edomite people and to all the Philistine people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 58 mlw5 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 16 59 lx6u figs-explicit 0 despised your oath by breaking the covenant Jerusalem broke her marriage covenant with Yahweh, thereby showing that she did not care about the oaths that she had made to him. Alternate translation: “despised your oath to me by breaking the covenant that you made with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 16 60 e9ir figs-idiom 0 call to mind This idiom means to remember. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 16 60 n5fx figs-activepassive 0 made in the days of your youth If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that I made with you when you were young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 16 62 lz8g figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 16 63 khs3 figs-idiom 0 call everything to mind This idiom means to remember. Alternate translation: “remember everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 17 intro awq2 0 # Ezekiel 17 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Breaking allegiance<br><br>The king of Judah had vowed to obey Babylon but instead he followed Egypt. Therefore, God said he would not prosper. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Judah is compared to a vine that grows one direction and then another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 17 1 id6h figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 17 2 q397 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 17 2 ljh4 0 present a riddle and speak a parable Alternate translation: “give them a puzzle to think about” or “tell this story as an illustration”
EZK 17 2 uy41 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 17 3 b2zm 0 long pinions, full of feathers “the ends of its wings were long and full of feathers.” The word “pinion” means the outer end of the wings.
EZK 17 3 p8v3 0 that was multicolored The eagle’s feathers were many different colors.
EZK 17 5 yg9u 0 He placed it beside a large body of water Alternate translation: “the eagle planted the seed in a place where there was a lot of water”
EZK 17 5 yl5l figs-explicit 0 planted it … like a willow Willow trees grow in places where there is a lot of water. If the eagle planted the seed like a willow, it means that he planted it in a place with a lot of water. Alternate translation: “and planted the seed like one would plant a willow tree by water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 17 6 qj5j 0 Its branches turned toward him The branches of the vine turned toward the eagle. This means that they began to grow upward towards the sky.
EZK 17 6 vrq4 0 its roots grew under it This could mean: (1) “its roots grew under itself into the ground” or (2) “the roots of the vine grew under the eagle.”
EZK 17 7 i797 0 Behold! The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 17 7 zj2i figs-personification 0 This vine turned its roots toward the eagle Yahweh speaks of the vine as if it were able to behave like a person and intentionally turned its roots toward the other eagle to receive nourishment from it. Alternate translation: “The roots of the vine grew toward the eagle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 17 7 xwj3 figs-activepassive 0 from the place it had been planted so it would be watered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “from the place that the first eagle had planted it so that it would have water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 17 8 g869 figs-activepassive 0 It had been planted If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The first eagle had planted the vine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 17 9 ejf7 figs-rquestion 0 Will it prosper? Yahweh asks this as a leading question to emphasize the negative answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It will not prosper.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 17 9 l3kb figs-rquestion 0 Will it not be uprooted and stripped of its fruit so that it withers, and all its fresh growth will wither? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the vine will certainly be judged. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone will pull up its roots and pluck out its fruit so all of its growth of leaves will wither away.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 17 9 di6t figs-synecdoche 0 No strong arm or many people will be needed to pull it out The phrase “strong arm” represents a strong person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “There will be no need for a strong person or many people to pull it out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 17 10 duh3 figs-rquestion 0 will it grow? Yahweh asks this as a leading question to emphasize the negative answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It will not grow.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 17 10 l8e6 figs-rquestion 0 Will it not wither when the eastern wind touches it? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that this will certainly happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It will wither when the eastern wind touches it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 17 11 bwu2 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 17 12 rcf6 figs-metonymy 0 the rebellious house This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “the rebellious people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 17 12 j8se figs-rquestion 0 Do you not know what these things mean? Yahweh asks this as a leading question in order to provide the answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is what these things mean.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 17 14 x5je figs-metaphor 0 so the kingdom might become lowly and not lift itself up The kingdom being small and weak is spoken of as if it were lowly and being large and powerful as if it lifted itself up. Alternate translation: “so the kingdom might remain small and not become great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 17 14 r3al figs-metonymy 0 the land will survive Here the word “land” represents the kingdom of Judah and the people in it. Alternate translation: “the kingdom will continue to exist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 17 15 r2jb figs-rquestion 0 Will he succeed? Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the negative answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He will certainly not succeed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 17 15 nh8e figs-rquestion 0 Will the one doing these things escape? Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the negative answer. This may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “The one doing these things will not escape.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 17 15 tpu9 figs-rquestion 0 If he breaks the covenant, will he escape? Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the negative answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “If he breaks the covenant, he will certainly not escape.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 17 16 pb2s 0 the land of the king who made him king, the king whose oath he despised Alternate translation: “the land of the king of Babylon who made him King of Judah, the king of Babylon whose oath he despised”
EZK 17 17 eyn4 figs-doublet 0 his mighty army and a great company of men These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how large and strong Pharaoh’s army is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 17 17 v67c 0 will not help him Here the word “him” refers to the king of Judah.
EZK 17 17 hhy8 0 siege walls this refers to a tower with ladders that can be placed next to a wall and allow soldiers to get over the wall and into the city.
EZK 17 18 e7e3 translate-symaction 0 reached out with his hand to make a promise This refers to taking hold of another person’s hand as a sign of friendship and agreement. Here it represents the covenant oath that he made with the king of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 17 19 s5c8 figs-rquestion 0 was it not my oath that he despised and my covenant that he broke? Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the affirmative answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “it was my oath that the king of Jerusalem despised and my covenant that he broke.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 17 19 kev4 figs-idiom 0 I will bring his punishment on his head The idiom “bring … on his head” means that he will experience this punishment. See how you translated this idiom in [Ezekiel 11:21](../11/21.md). Alternate translation: “I will cause him to suffer his punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 17 20 y1rd figs-metaphor 0 I will spread my net out over him, and he will be caught in my hunting net Yahweh speaks of enabling the enemy army to capture the king as if he were trapping the king in a net. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 17 20 r443 figs-activepassive 0 he will be caught in my hunting net This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will catch him in my hunting net” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 17 21 lam3 figs-metonymy 0 All of his refugees … armies will fall by the sword The word “fall” is a euphemism for “die.” Here the word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill people with swords. Alternate translation: “Soldiers will kill all his refugees … armies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 17 21 kq24 figs-activepassive 0 the ones who remain will be scattered in every direction If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the ones who remain alive will flee in every direction” or “the enemy soldiers will scatter in every directions the ones who remain alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 17 21 t3e9 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 17 22 xj4t figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh resumes the parable that he had told in [Ezekiel 17:1](../17/01.md) and speaks about Jerusalem as if it were a branch that he plants on the mountains of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 17 24 bv9g figs-personification 0 Then all the trees of the field will know that I am Yahweh Yahweh speaks of trees as if they are people who can know about him. The trees represent the nations and the people who live in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 17 24 gh1n 0 I bring down the high trees and I raise up the low trees Alternate translation: “I cut down the tall trees and I cause the little trees to grow”
EZK 18 intro gvm6 0 # Ezekiel 18 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Inherited Guilt<br><br>God does not punish children for the sins of their parents, but only punishes them for their own sins. Despite this, the parents’ sins may still have consequences for their children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
EZK 18 1 a2ir figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to me again The phrase “the word of Yahweh came” is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke to me again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 18 2 gk4f figs-rquestion 0 What do you mean, you who use this proverb…‘Fathers eat sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are made blunt’? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel something he already knows. The question is a rebuke for the people who use the proverb. Alternate translation: “The people in the land of Israel have this proverb…‘Fathers eat sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are made blunt’.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 18 2 wns2 figs-you 0 What do you mean, you who use this proverb Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EZK 18 2 cn37 writing-proverbs 0 Fathers eat sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are made blunt This proverbs means that children experience the consequences of their parents’ actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
EZK 18 2 g4t5 figs-idiom 0 the children’s teeth are made blunt The idiom “teeth are made blunt” refers to the sour taste in one’s mouth that is a result of eating unripe or sour fruit. Alternate translation: “the children get a sour taste in their mouths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 18 4 xde9 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 18 4 fir3 figs-synecdoche 0 The soul who sins Here the word “soul” represents the person. Alternate translation: “The person who sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 18 6 nhp3 figs-explicit 0 he does not eat upon the mountains People often worshiped and offered sacrifices to pagan gods on the mountains. It is implied that this person has not participated in these kinds of pagan rituals. Alternate translation: “he does not eat meat sacrificed to idols on the mountains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 18 6 nr4h translate-symaction 0 lift up his eyes to the idols The idiom “lift up his eyes” refers to looking toward something. With reference to idols, this gesture represents worshiping or praying to idols. Alternate translation: “worship the idols” or “pray to the idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 18 6 w2dj figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 18 6 up1i figs-explicit 0 approached a woman during her monthly period It is implicit that he has not approached a woman in order to sleep with her. Alternate translation: “approached a woman to sleep with her during her monthly period” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 18 7 mqe1 0 gives back to the debtor what was put up as security for a loan Alternate translation: “returns to the debtor the item that the debtor gave him as security for the loan”
EZK 18 8 r5q7 0 interest This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret “any interest” in this passage as “too much interest.”
EZK 18 9 suz6 figs-metaphor 0 that man walks in my statutes Yahweh speaks of a person obeying his statutes as if the statutes were a path in which the person walks. Alternate translation: “that man obeys my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 18 10 ftc3 figs-metonymy 0 who sheds blood This phrase represents murder in any form. Alternate translation: “who murders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 18 11 dz35 figs-explicit 0 eats upon the mountains People often worshiped and offered sacrifices to pagan gods on the mountains. It is implied that this person has participated in these kinds of pagan rituals. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 18:5](../18/05.md). Alternate translation: “eats meat sacrificed to idols upon the mountains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 18 12 l2is figs-doublet 0 the poor and needy The words “poor” and “needy” share similar meanings and emphasize that these are people who cannot help themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 18 12 vp69 translate-symaction 0 he lifts up his eyes to the idols The idiom “lifts up his eyes” refers to looking toward something. With reference to idols, this gesture represents worshiping or praying to idols. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 18:6](../18/06.md). Alternate translation: “he worships the idols” or “he prays to the idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 18 13 f8rk 0 interest This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret “any interest” in this passage as “too much interest.”
EZK 18 13 bsd3 figs-rquestion 0 should that man live? Surely he will not! Yahweh asks this as a leading question in order to emphasize the negative answer. Alternate translation: “he will certainly not live!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 18 13 g1qv figs-metonymy 0 his blood will be on him Here the word “blood” represents death. For blood to be on a person is an idiom that means the person is responsible for that death. Alternate translation: “he will be responsible for his own death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 18 14 mv1i 0 behold! The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows.
EZK 18 15 zmi2 figs-explicit 0 That son does not eat upon the mountains People often worshiped and offered sacrifices to pagan gods on the mountains. It is implied that this person has not participated in these kinds of pagan rituals. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 18:6](../18/06.md). Alternate translation: “That son does not eat meat sacrificed to idols upon the mountains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 18 15 xca2 translate-symaction 0 he does not lift up his eyes to the idols The idiom “lifted up his eyes” refers to looking toward something. With reference to idols, this gesture represents worshiping or praying to idols. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 18:6](../18/06.md). Alternate translation: “he does not worship the idols” or “he does not pray to the idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 18 15 q95x figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 18 17 phc8 0 interest This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret “interest” in this passage as “too much interest.”
EZK 18 17 ud6z figs-metaphor 0 walks according to my statutes Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if his statutes were a path in which the person walks. Alternate translation: “obeys my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 18 18 r9tw 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks about the son’s father who has not obeyed God’s law.
EZK 18 19 b1t5 figs-metaphor 0 Why does the son not bear the iniquity of his father? Yahweh speaks of a person being responsible for or guilty of iniquity as if the iniquity were an object that the person carries. Alternate translation: “Why is the son not responsible for the iniquity of his father?” or “Why is the son not guilty of the iniquity of his father?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 18 20 f1kn figs-idiom 0 The righteousness of the one who acts rightly will be on himself For righteousness to be on a person is an idiom that means the person is responsible for that righteousness. Alternate translation: “The one who acts rightly will be responsible for his own righteousness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 18 20 al73 figs-idiom 0 the wickedness of the wicked will be on himself For wickedness to be on a person is an idiom that means the person is responsible for that wickedness. Alternate translation: “the wicked person will be responsible for his own wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 18 22 m9ky figs-idiom 0 All the transgressions that he has committed will not be called to mind against him The idiom “call to mind” means to remember. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will not remember all the transgressions that he has committed and will not hold them against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 18 23 d6na figs-rquestion 0 Do I greatly rejoice over the death of the wicked … and not in his turning away from his way so that he may live? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question in order to emphasize the opposite. Alternate translation: “I do not greatly rejoice over the death of the wicked … but I do greatly rejoice if he turns away from his way so that he may live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 18 23 mh3x figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 18 23 phj4 figs-metaphor 0 not in his turning away from his way Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle or behavior as if it were a way on which the person walks. The idiom “to turn away” from something means to stop doing that thing. Alternate translation: “not in his ceasing to live the way that he lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 18 24 m2kn figs-rquestion 0 then will he live? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the negative answer. Alternate translation: “then he will surely not live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 18 24 nzl9 figs-idiom 0 All the righteousness that he had done will not be called to mind The idiom “call to mind” means to remember. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will not remember all the righteousness that he had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 18 25 i7zr figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 18 25 nj78 figs-rquestion 0 Are my ways unfair? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the negative answer. Alternate translation: “My ways are not unfair.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 18 25 prn4 figs-rquestion 0 Is it not your ways that are unfair? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer. Alternate translation: “It is your ways that are unfair.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 18 26 p2tt figs-parallelism 0 dies because of them … die in the iniquity that he has done These phrases repeat the thought of a man dying because of his sin to express that it was his fault and the fault of no one else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 18 28 zi5q figs-metaphor 0 he has seen Yahweh speaks of the person thinking about and understanding something as if the person were seeing it. Alternate translation: “he has considered” or “he has understood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 18 29 pe9e figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 18 29 pq68 figs-metaphor 0 The way of the Lord is not fair … How is my way not fair … It is your ways that are not fair Actions or behaviors are spoken of as if they were a way or path that a person travels. Alternate translation: “The Lord does not act fairly … How do I not act fairly … It is you who do not act fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 18 30 d4ja figs-metaphor 0 according to his ways Yahweh speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “according to his actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 18 30 j6mr figs-metaphor 0 turn away from all your transgressions so that they will not be stumbling blocks of iniquity against you Yahweh speaks of “transgressions” causing people to rebel against him as if they were blocks over which the people stumble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 18 30 i18v figs-metonymy 0 stumbling blocks of iniquity against you This could mean: (1) the stumbling blocks cause the person to commit more iniquity. Alternate translation: “stumbling blocks that cause you to commit more iniquity” or (2) The word “iniquity” is a metonym for the punishment that a person receives for his iniquity. Alternate translation: “stumbling blocks that lead to your punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 18 31 pv2w figs-metaphor 0 Throw away from yourselves all of the transgressions that you have committed Yahweh speaks of the people determining to stop committing transgressions as if the transgressions were objects, such as clothing, that they removed and threw away. Alternate translation: “Get rid of all of the transgressions that you have committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 18 31 vlg7 figs-metonymy 0 make for yourselves a new heart and a new spirit Here the word “heart” represents the will and emotions and the word “spirit” represents the thoughts and disposition. Yahweh speaks of the people having new emotions and thoughts as if they were making a new heart and spirit for themselves. Alternate translation: “get for yourselves new emotions and a new way of thinking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 18 31 lt9c figs-rquestion 0 Why should you die, house of Israel? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to comfort the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “There is no reason for you to die, house of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 18 31 x2a9 figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 19 intro e5ek 0 # Ezekiel 19 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Judah destroyed<br><br>The first king was taken as a captive to Egypt, the next was taken as a captive to Babylon. Now Judah is not prospering.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>The kings of Judah are compared to man-eating lions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 19 1 h1e2 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to the people of Israel. He tells a story where the nation of Israel is a lioness and some of the past kings in the kingdom of Judah are her cubs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 19 1 ehw2 figs-idiom 0 take up a lamentation This idiom means to sing a lamentation. Alternate translation: “sing a lamentation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 19 2 ufs7 figs-rquestion 0 Who was your mother? Yahweh asks this ask a leading question in order to introduce the answer. Alternate translation: “This is who your mother is.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 19 4 bw46 figs-activepassive 0 He was caught in their trap If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They caught him in their trap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 19 7 kl3g figs-activepassive 0 The land and its fullness were abandoned If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People abandoned the land and its fullness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 19 8 wx8x figs-activepassive 0 He was caught in their trap If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They caught him in their trap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 19 9 uv2e figs-activepassive 0 his voice would no longer be heard If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people would no longer hear his voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 19 10 rhn9 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks of the nation of Israel as though it was the mother of the leaders of Israel. Here he begins to tell a story where she is a prosperous vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 19 10 aw92 figs-metonymy 0 a vine planted in your blood Possible meanings are that **blood** represents (1) the violence of the kings of Judah who had murdered people. Alternate translation: “a vine planted by means of violence” or (2) The plentiful wine of Judah which had become a symbol of prosperity. Alternate translation: “a vine planted in your prosperity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
EZK 19 11 z86b figs-activepassive 0 strong branches that were used for rulers’ scepters If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “branches strong enough that people used them for rulers’ scepters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 19 11 p752 figs-activepassive 0 its height was seen by the greatness of its foliage If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people could see how tall it was by the greatness of its foliage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 19 12 a6cn figs-activepassive 0 the vine was uprooted in fury and thrown down If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh uprooted the vine in fury and threw it down” or “people uprooted the vine in fury and threw it down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 19 12 uxu6 figs-activepassive 0 Its strong branches were broken off and withered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh broke off its strong branches and they withered” or “People broke off its strong branches and they withered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 19 13 cc66 figs-metaphor 0 in a land of drought and thirst The very dry land is spoken of as if it were thirsty. Alternate translation: “in a very dry land of drought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 19 14 tj4h figs-explicit 0 no scepter to rule The implicit information may be supplied from [Ezekiel 19:11](../19/11.md). Alternate translation: “no branch strong enough for a ruler’s scepter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 19 14 yvu7 figs-activepassive 0 will be sung as a lamentation If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must sing it as a lamentation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 intro ivu9 0 # Ezekiel 20 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Rebels cannot ask for help<br><br>The people of Israel have rebelled against God again and again. Now they cannot come to God for help in their troubles.
EZK 20 1 k5lv translate-ordinal 0 in the seventh year The implicit information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “in the seventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 20 1 hm54 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the tenth day of the fifth month This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 20 2 d3d6 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 20 3 a3cz 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 20 3 wlf9 figs-idiom 0 As I live “As surely as I am alive.” Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 20 3 v6lv figs-rquestion 0 Have you come to inquire of me? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the elders should not be inquiring of him. Alternate translation: “You should not come to inquire of me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 20 3 g3ng figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 20 4 nf1h figs-parallelism 0 Will you judge them? Will you judge, son of man? Yahweh asks Ezekiel the same question twice in order to secure Ezekiel’s commitment to pronounce the judgement. Alternate translation: “Are you ready to pronounce judgment on them, son of man?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 20 5 y373 translate-symaction 0 I … raised my hand to swear an oath Here “raised my hand” is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. Alternate translation: “I … solemnly swore an oath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 20 5 b65p figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jacob The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Jacob over many years. Translate “the house of” as in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 20 6 ay9x figs-metaphor 0 It was flowing with milk and honey “It was a land where plenty of milk and honey flowed.” Yahweh speaks of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: “It was land that was excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 20 6 mhv7 figs-metaphor 0 the most beautiful ornament among all the lands The lands in which people live are spoken of as if they are jewelry or other things that are pleasant to look at. Alternate translation: “the most beautiful of all lands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 7 neb8 figs-metaphor 0 the detestable things from before his eyes Yahweh speaks of the people worshiping the detestable things as if they had placed those idols in front of their eyes. Alternate translation: “the detestable things that he worships” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 7 gnz8 figs-metaphor 0 Do not make yourselves unclean A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 8 vk1e 0 they rebelled against me The word “they” refers to “the descendants of the house of Jacob.”
EZK 20 8 t2sa figs-metaphor 0 the detestable things from before his eyes Yahweh speaks of the people worshiping the detestable things as if they had placed those idols in front of their eyes. Alternate translation: “the detestable things that he worshiped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 8 t8aw figs-metaphor 0 to pour out my fury upon them Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury by punishing them as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out on them. Alternate translation: “to act against them in my fury” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 9 b5we figs-metonymy 0 for my name’s sake Here the word “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “for the sake of my reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 20 9 f5h3 figs-activepassive 0 so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that the people would not profane it in the eyes of the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 9 f298 figs-metaphor 0 in the eyes The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “in the opinion” or “in the judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 9 v6br figs-metonymy 0 the nations The word “nations” is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. Alternate translation: “the people who live in other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 20 9 l5wv figs-idiom 0 I made myself known to them, in their eyes Here the word “them” refers to the nations. The idiom “in their eyes” refers to being in a position where people can see. Alternate translation: “I revealed myself to them, in their presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 20 10 kfp5 0 I sent them The word “them” refers to “the descendants of the house of Jacob.”
EZK 20 12 fk4k figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 20 13 tib6 figs-metaphor 0 They did not walk in my statutes Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if the statutes were a path along which a person walks. Alternate translation: “They did not obey my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 13 nm2z figs-metaphor 0 I would pour out my fury upon them Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury by punishing them as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out on them. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:8](../20/08.md). Alternate translation: “I would act against them in my fury” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 13 gx9w figs-euphemism 0 in order to end them The euphemism “to end them” refers to killing them. Alternate translation: “in order to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
EZK 20 14 c3av figs-metonymy 0 I acted for my name’s sake Here the word “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:9](../20/09.md). Alternate translation: “I acted for the sake of my reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 20 14 ggw2 figs-activepassive 0 so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:9](../20/09.md). Alternate translation: “so that the people would not profane it in the eyes of the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 14 xp8w figs-metonymy 0 in the eyes of the nations Here the “nations” refer to the people who live in those places. The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:9](../20/09.md). Alternate translation: “in the thoughts of the people in other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 15 njm6 translate-symaction 0 I myself also raised my hand to swear an oath Here “raised my hand” is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:5](../20/05.md). Alternate translation: “I myself also solemnly swore an oath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 20 15 h643 figs-metaphor 0 a land flowing with milk and honey “a land where plenty of milk and honey flowed.” Yahweh speaks of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:6](../20/06.md). Alternate translation: “a land that was excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 20 15 y61y figs-metaphor 0 the most beautiful ornament among all the lands The lands in which people live are spoken of as if they are jewelry or other things that are pleasant to look at. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:6](../20/06.md). Alternate translation: “the most beautiful of all lands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 16 q585 figs-metaphor 0 did not walk in my statutes Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if they were a path along which a person walks. Alternate translation: “did not obey my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 16 pyd3 figs-metonymy 0 their hearts walked after their idols Here the word “heart” represents the person’s thoughts and emotions. Yahweh speaks of being dedicated to idols as if a person’s heart walked after them. Alternate translation: “they were dedicated to worshiping their idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 17 h6sc figs-synecdoche 0 my eye spared them Here the word “eye” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I spared them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 20 18 t5sb figs-metaphor 0 Do not walk in the statutes of your fathers Yahweh speaks of a person obeying statutes as if the statutes were paths along with a person walks. Alternate translation: “Do not obey the statutes of your parents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 19 v6uh figs-metaphor 0 walk in my statutes Yahweh speaks of a person obeying statutes as if the statutes were paths along with a person walks. Alternate translation: “Do not obey the statutes of your parents … obey my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 19 ylm6 figs-doublet 0 keep my decrees and obey them To “keep” Yahweh’s decrees is the same as to “obey them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 20 21 qe7t figs-metaphor 0 They did not walk in my statutes Yahweh speaks of a person obeying his statutes as if the statutes were a path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “They did not obey my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 21 l6ya figs-metaphor 0 to pour out my fury upon them Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury by punishing them as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out on them. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:8](../20/08.md). Alternate translation: “to act against them in my fury” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 22 cw43 figs-synecdoche 0 I turned my hand away Here the word “hand” represents Yahweh and turning his hand away means that he does not do what he was going to do. Alternate translation: “But I did not do that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 20 22 lzk8 figs-metonymy 0 for my name’s sake Here the word “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “for the sake of my reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 20 22 k2x8 figs-activepassive 0 so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:9](../20/09.md). Alternate translation: “so that the people would not profane it in the eyes of the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 22 m6pp figs-metonymy 0 in the eyes of the nations Here the “nations” refer to the people who live in those places. The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “in the thoughts of the people in other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 23 swz3 translate-symaction 0 I myself also lifted up my hand to swear Here “lifted up my hand” is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. Alternate translation: “I myself also solemnly swore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 20 23 d6f9 figs-parallelism 0 scatter them among the nations and disperse them among the lands These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/15.md). Alternate translation: “cause them to separate from each other and live in different nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 20 24 r381 figs-synecdoche 0 Their eyes were longing after their fathers’ idols Here the word “eyes” represents the person who looks to the idols to worship them. Alternate translation: “They were longing after their fathers’ idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 20 25 r4jl 0 Then I also gave them statutes that were not good, and decrees by which they could not live The words statutes in this phrase do not refer to God’s law. God permitted them to live by human laws and judgments that were not good.
EZK 20 25 za7n 0 gave them The word “them” refers to the children of those whom Yahweh brought out of Egypt.
EZK 20 26 wj9a figs-explicit 0 they made a sacrifice of every firstborn of the womb The phrase “firstborn of the womb” refers to the firstborn child of a woman. The phrase “made a sacrifice” can be translated with the verb “sacrifice.” Alternate translation: “they sacrificed every woman’s firstborn child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 20 29 q226 figs-rquestion 0 What is this high place where you bring offerings there? Yahweh asks this question in order to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “This is not a high place where you are to bring offerings!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 20 29 c1ae figs-activepassive 0 the name is called Bamah The name “Bamah” means “high place,” a place for worshiping idols. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people have called that place Bamah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 30 usg4 figs-rquestion 0 Why do you make yourselves unclean with the ways of your fathers? Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “You should not make yourselves unclean by doing the things that your fathers did.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 20 30 vms1 figs-metaphor 0 Why do you make yourselves unclean A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 30 iz7z figs-rquestion 0 So why do you act like prostitutes, searching for disgusting things? Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “You should not act like prostitutes, searching for disgusting things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 20 30 l4ea figs-simile 0 why do you act like prostitutes Yahweh speaks of the people being unfaithful to him as if they were acting like women who sleep with men to whom they are not married. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 20 31 b4ay figs-rquestion 0 So why should I let you seek me, house of Israel? Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “I will not let you come close to me, house of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 20 33 ad5k figs-metonymy 0 with a mighty hand, a raised arm The words “hand” and “arm” both represent power. Alternate translation: “with very great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 20 33 d5h5 figs-metaphor 0 fury that will be poured out on you Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury as if the fury were a liquid that he pours out on the people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “fury that I will pour out on you” or “I will express my fury towards you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 34 tam7 figs-activepassive 0 among whom you have been scattered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “among whom I have scattered you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 37 vi6t figs-metaphor 0 I will cause you to pass under my rod This refers to the practice of a shepherd counting and inspecting his sheep as the sheep walked under his staff. This could mean: (1) Yahweh will count his people whom he gathers from the nations to ensure that they are all present. Alternate translation: “I will count you carefully as a shepherd counts his sheep” or (2) Yahweh will inspect each person as they pass under his staff in order to separate the faithful from the unfaithful. Alternate translation: “I will inspect you carefully as a shepherd inspects his sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 39 gb75 figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 20 39 ym44 figs-metonymy 0 profane my holy name Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “dishonor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 20 40 idl2 figs-metaphor 0 the firstfruits of your tribute Yahweh speaks of the best things among all that they give to him as if they were “firstfruits.” Alternate translation: “the best of your contributions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 41 t8i1 figs-metaphor 0 I will accept you like fragrant incense Yahweh speaks of his people worshiping him as they should as if the people themselves were the incense offering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 41 ihb7 figs-parallelism 0 bring you out from the peoples and gather you out of the countries These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will bring his people back from all of the nations to which he had scattered them. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:34](../20/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 20 41 wmu4 figs-activepassive 0 where you have been scattered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “where I have scattered you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 42 dm9p translate-symaction 0 I have lifted up my hand to swear Here “lifted up my hand” is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. Alternate translation: “I have solemnly sworn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 20 43 q5sv figs-idiom 0 you will call to mind This idiom means to remember. Alternate translation: “you will remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 20 43 qyk3 figs-metaphor 0 you defiled yourselves A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were defiled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 43 hf41 figs-metaphor 0 you will despise yourselves in your own eyes Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “you will hate yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 44 c1dm figs-metonymy 0 because of my name’s sake Here the word “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “because of my reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 20 45 tvt5 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 20 46 a9yb translate-symaction 0 set your face toward the southern lands This is a command to stare at the southern lands as a symbol of punishing the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/03.md). Alternate translation: “Stare at the southern lands” or “Stare at the southern lands so that they will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 20 46 htt4 figs-metonymy 0 set your face Here “face” is a metonym for attention or gaze, and “set your face” represents staring. Alternate translation: “stare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 20 47 s2sk figs-activepassive 0 The fiery flame will not be quenched If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The fiery flame will not go out” or “No one will be able to quench the fiery flame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 47 d21g figs-activepassive 0 every face from the south to the north will be burned If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the fire will burn every face from the south to the north” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 47 e2zx figs-synecdoche 0 every face from the south to the north Here the word “face” represents the person. By mentioning the opposite directions, Yahweh refers to everyone who lives in the north, in the south, and everywhere in between. Alternate translation: “every person who lives in that area” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
EZK 20 48 i6we figs-metonymy 0 all flesh will see Here the word “flesh” represents all humans. The idiom to “see” means to understand. Alternate translation: “all people will understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 20 48 ndc1 figs-activepassive 0 it will not be quenched If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it will not go out” or “no one will quench it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 49 c7jn figs-rquestion 0 Is he not a mere teller of parables? The people use this question to insult Ezekiel and dismiss what he is telling them. Alternate translation: “He is merely telling parables” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 21 intro w2g3 0 # Ezekiel 21 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Refusing to learn<br><br>Judah has refused to learn from their punishment, so God is about to destroy the nation in war.
EZK 21 1 hd7j figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 21 2 u51f 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity or “Mortal person” or “Human.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md).
EZK 21 2 m1q8 translate-symaction 0 set your face toward Jerusalem This is a command to stare at Jerusalem as a symbol of punishing the people there. Alternate translation: “stare at Jerusalem” or “stare at Jerusalem so that the people there will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 21 2 td4a translate-symaction 0 set your face toward Jerusalem Jerusalem was far away, so Ezekiel could not see it, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming it. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/02.md) Alternate translation: “Turn toward Jerusalem and stare” or “stare toward Jerusalem so that the people there will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 21 3 is8f figs-metaphor 0 I will draw my sword from its sheath and cut off both the righteous person and the wicked person from you This speaks of Yahweh causing these people to die as if he actually killed them with his own sword. Alternate translation: “I am opposed to you, and it will be as though I pull my sword from its sheath to kill both the righteous and the wicked people among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 21 3 k8kd 0 the righteous person and the wicked person “righteous people and wicked people.” This refers to multiple people, not just one righteous person and one wicked person.
EZK 21 3 vyg4 figs-euphemism 0 cut off This is a euphemism that means to kill. Alternate translation: “kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
EZK 21 4 l13c figs-euphemism 0 cut off This is a euphemism that means to kill. Alternate translation: “kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
EZK 21 4 x4hz figs-nominaladj 0 the righteous … the wicked This refers to righteous and wicked people. Alternate translation: “those who are righteous … those who are wicked” or “the righteous people … the wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
EZK 21 4 yc2b figs-metaphor 0 my sword will go out from its sheath against This speaks of Yahweh causing these people to die as if he actually killed them with his own sword. Alternate translation: “it will be as though I pull my sword from its sheath and strike” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 21 4 bm2n figs-metonymy 0 all flesh Here “flesh” is a metonym for “people.” Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 21 4 w4nb figs-merism 0 from the south to the north This is a merism that refers to the area to the north, and to the south, and all places in between. Alternate translation: “in every direction” or “everywhere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
EZK 21 5 e2el figs-metaphor 0 that I, Yahweh, have drawn my sword from its sheath This speaks of Yahweh causing people to die as if he actually killed them with his own sword. Alternate translation: “it is as though I, Yahweh, have struck people with my sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 21 5 ju9i figs-personification 0 It will no longer hold back This speaks of Yahweh not holding back his sword from attacking people as if his sword were a person that was no longer holding itself back from attacking. Alternate translation: “and I will not put it back in its sheath again” or “I will not hold back from attacking people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 21 6 ius9 figs-idiom 0 groan as your loins break Yahweh tells Ezekiel to groan as a sign to accompany his message. He tells him to groan deeply as if his abdomen was in great pain. “groan deeply as if your loins were in great pain” or “groan deeply with great sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 21 6 n99h figs-synecdoche 0 before their eyes Here the Israelites are referred to by their “eyes” to emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: “before them” or “before the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 21 7 jri2 figs-personification 0 the news that is coming This speaks of the “news” as if it were a person that was soon coming to them. Alternate translation: “the news that they will soon hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 21 7 c8df figs-synecdoche 0 for every heart will faint away This speaks of people becoming afraid, as if their hearts were fainting. Also, this speaks of the people fainting as a result of fear. Alternate translation: “for everyone will become fearful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 21 7 t44k figs-metaphor 0 Every spirit will grow faint This speaks of people becoming fearful in their spirits as if their spirits were about to faint. Alternate translation: “Everyone will be fearful in their inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 21 7 p1p8 figs-euphemism 0 every knee will flow like water “every knee will be as weak as water.” This is a euphemism for people being so afraid that they lose their bladder control and urinate on themselves. Alternate translation: “every leg will be wet with urine” or “everyone will lose control of their urine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
EZK 21 7 nfk2 figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 21 8 jft4 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 21 9 u3s4 figs-metaphor 0 A sword! A sword! It will be sharpened and polished! This passage describes the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for an enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. This metaphor begins here and continues through [Ezekiel 21:17](../21/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 21 9 luz5 figs-activepassive 0 It will be sharpened and polished This phrase indicates that the sword is ready for someone to use it. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It is sharp and polished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 21 10 l1f2 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues to describe the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 21 10 f22c figs-activepassive 0 It will be sharpened … It will be polished in order to These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will sharpen it … I will polish it so that it will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 21 10 d5jv figs-simile 0 in order to be like lightning This means that the sword will be so shiny that light reflects off of it easily and brightly. Alternate translation: “so that it flashes like lightning” or “so that light reflects off of it as brightly as lightning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 21 10 l8t7 figs-rquestion 0 Should we rejoice in my son’s scepter? This rhetorical question emphasizes that the people of Israel will not celebrate their king’s power, because it cannot resist the “sword.” Alternate translation: “The people of Judah will not celebrate about their king’s scepter.” or “we should not celebrate the power of our king’s scepter.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 21 10 kyj2 figs-metonymy 0 in my son’s scepter Here Yahweh refers to the king of Judah as his son. The king’s scepter represents his rule as king. It is important to maintain the image of the king’s scepter here, as the words “every such rod” refer to the scepter. Alternate translation: “in the king’s scepter” or “in the power that the king’s scepter represents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 21 10 h3tv figs-personification 0 The coming sword hates every such rod Here the “sword” is personified as coming to attack the people. This speaks of the king not being able to resist the “sword”, as if the “sword” were hating the king’s scepter. Alternate translation: “the sword will overpower his scepter like that of any other ruler” or “for the king will not be able to resist when the sword is brought against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 21 10 d6gp figs-irony 0 such rod This phrase is used to mock the king’s scepter by calling it a “rod.” Alternate translation: “such scepter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
EZK 21 11 z7un figs-activepassive 0 the sword will be given to be polished If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will polish the sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 21 11 p6m7 figs-activepassive 0 then to be grasped by the hand If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then the right person will hold it in his hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 21 11 h6tw figs-activepassive 0 it is to be given into the hand of the one who kills If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it is ready for the killer to use” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 21 12 u2r3 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues to describe the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 21 12 l5al figs-personification 0 that sword has come against my people! It is against all This speaks of Yahweh’s sword attacking his people as if the sword itself were the attacker. Alternate translation: “I will use my sword to kill my people! I will bring it against all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 21 12 t9ym figs-metaphor 0 They are thrown against the sword with my people This speaks of the leaders of Israel being killed with a sword as if they are thrown against the sword. Alternate translation: “They are killed with the sword along with my people” or “The sword will kill them along with my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 21 12 xzv7 translate-symaction 0 slap your thigh In Ezekiel’s culture, slapping one’s thigh was a sign of grief. Some other translation use the gesture of beating one’s breast which is a sign of grief in many cultures. Alternate translation: “beat your chests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 21 13 w1lx figs-metonymy 0 the scepter Here the king of Judah is represented by his scepter. Alternate translation: “the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 21 13 z8iw figs-idiom 0 does not last This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cannot resist” or “is destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 21 14 wn2d figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues to describe the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 21 14 qub8 translate-symaction 0 hit your two hands together This means for him to clap his hands as a sign of his grief. Alternate translation: “clap your hands to show that you are very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 21 14 hyy2 translate-ordinal 0 even a third time This is an idiom that means multiple times. Alternate translation: “again and again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 21 14 mc1p figs-activepassive 0 A sword for the ones to be slaughtered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It is a sword for slaughtering people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 21 14 py3r figs-activepassive 0 It is a sword for the many to be slaughtered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It is a sword for slaughtering many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 21 14 spp8 0 piercing them everywhere “attacking them from every side.” Some Bibles translate this as “which enters into their rooms.” This means no matter where they hide, the sword will kill them.
EZK 21 14 d9nr 0 piercing them The word “them” refers to the people of Jerusalem and of the land of Israel.
EZK 21 15 s461 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues to describe the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 21 15 r7xl figs-metaphor 0 to melt their hearts This speaks of causing the people to be so terrified that it is as if their hearts were melting. Alternate translation: “to fill them with terror” or “to cause them to be terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 21 15 u5ry figs-metonymy 0 to multiply their fallen Here “fallen” refers to the people killed in battle. This means there will be a greater number of people killed. Alternate translation: “to kill many people among them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 21 15 h1ty figs-metaphor 0 set the sword for slaughter Here the sword of Yahweh represents men with swords that are to attack Jerusalem. Also, the word “slaughter” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “placed soldiers armed with swords at their gates, ready to slaughter the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 21 15 r14m 0 their gates The word “their” refers to the people of Jerusalem.
EZK 21 15 tdr2 figs-simile 0 It is made like lightning This compares how the sword is well polished and how it reflects light to appear like lightning. Alternate translation: “My sword is polished and flashes like lightning” or “It is polished and reflects light as being like lightning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 21 15 r9yh figs-metaphor 0 it is grasped for slaughter The sword of Yahweh represents the men with swords that are to attack Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “released to slaughter the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 21 16 vhe8 figs-apostrophe 0 You, sword! Strike to the right!…Go wherever your face is turned. Here Yahweh speaks to those who will attack his people as if they could hear him and as if they were a sword that they would use in the attack. He does this to emphasize that he is in control of what is happening during the attack. The phrase “wherever your face is turned” is an idiom for “wherever you desire to go.” Alternate translation: “I tell those attacking with swords, ‘Strike to the right!…Attack in every direction.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 21 17 asm7 translate-symaction 0 hit my two hands together “clap my hands.” Here clapping hands is a sign of triumph. Alternate translation: “clap my hands in triumph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 21 18 nz8n figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to me again The phrase “the word of Yahweh came” is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 18:1](../18/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke to me again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 21 19 m4nn figs-metonymy 0 the sword of the king of Babylon The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation: “the soldiers of the king of Babylon” or “the Babylonian army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 21 19 ym34 figs-explicit 0 a signpost will mark one of them as leading to a city This is a sign posted where the road divides into two roads. Alternate translation: “a sign will be posted where the road divides into two roads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 21 21 g5fx figs-parallelism 0 at the crossroads, at the junction Both of these phrases refer to the place where the two roads meet. Alternate translation: “at the crossroads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 21 22 ccu9 figs-metonymy 0 In his right hand will be an omen about Jerusalem This means the he will hold one of the articles of his divination that was read as an omen against Jerusalem in his right hand. Alternate translation: “In his right hand will be an article of divination with an omen against Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 21 22 iw1d 0 battering rams A battering ram was a cut tree or large log with a sharpened end or an end covered in metal. It was held by several men who would pound the end against a wall.
EZK 21 22 q1zh 0 to build a ramp These were large dirt ramps that the Babylonian soldiers built so that they could get onto the walls of Jerusalem.
EZK 21 22 nzg7 0 siege towers These were wooden towers that the Babylonian soldiers built around Jerusalem to enable them to shoot arrows over the walls of Jerusalem.
EZK 21 23 a1iv figs-metaphor 0 in the eyes of the ones in Jerusalem The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “in the thoughts of the people in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 21 24 w4vc figs-activepassive 0 you will be taken in hand If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The “enemy’s hand” represents the enemy’s control. Alternate translation: “your enemy will take you in his hand” or “your enemies will capture you and take you into captivity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 21 25 x5c4 figs-idiom 0 whose day of punishment has come This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “whom Yahweh will now punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 21 26 h94t 0 the turban “the king’s turban.” A turban is a beautiful piece of cloth that kings wore wrapped on their heads as a symbol of their authority.
EZK 21 26 fwf2 figs-nominaladj 0 the lowly … the exalted This refers to people with low status and people who are exalted. Alternate translation: “those who are lowly … those who are exalted” or “those with low status … those with high status” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
EZK 21 27 qcp3 figs-metonymy 0 It will not be restored Here the crown represents the position of king. The kingship will not be restored until the Messiah comes. Alternate translation: “There will no longer be a king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 21 27 ngj1 figs-activepassive 0 the one comes who is assigned If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one comes who I assign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 21 28 s9mt figs-abstractnouns 0 concerning their coming disgrace The word “disgrace” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “about how he will disgrace them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 21 28 wl2n figs-metaphor 0 A sword, a sword is drawn! It is sharpened for the slaughter This refers to the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the soldiers that Yahweh uses to kill a large number of people who have been disobedient to him. Alternate translation: “Swords! My soldiers have drawn their swords! They are sharpened for the slaughter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 21 28 t6s4 0 is drawn If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is out of its sheath”
EZK 21 28 b94s 0 It is sharpened for the slaughter in order to devour This speaks of the soldiers killing people as if they were animals devouring their prey. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It is sharp in order to slaughter and to kill people”
EZK 21 28 js4d figs-simile 0 so it will be like lightning This means that the sword is so shiny that light reflects off of it easily and brightly. Alternate translation: “and light reflects off of it as brightly as lightning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 21 29 x4ak figs-gendernotations 0 empty visions for you … with lies for you “empty visions for you Ammonites … with lies for you Ammonites.” The word “you” refers to the people of Ammon. In the original Biblical language, the word “your” is feminine singular and refers to the nation of Ammon. Nations were often thought of as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
EZK 21 29 qi4r figs-metaphor 0 empty visions This speaks of visions being false and meaningless as if they were empty containers. Alternate translation: “visions that are not true” or “false visions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 21 29 gji8 figs-nominaladj 0 the wicked This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
EZK 21 29 la5c figs-activepassive 0 who are about to be killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who are about to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 21 29 a8rs figs-idiom 0 whose day of punishment has come and whose time of iniquity is about to end The phrases “day of” and “time of” are idioms. Alternate translation: “for the time has come for them to be punished and for their iniquity to end” or “for the time has come for me to punish them and for them to no longer be able to commit wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 21 30 r5ab figs-metaphor 0 Return the sword to its sheath “Later the sword will be put back in its sheath.” This speaks of the soldiers withdrawing from attacking Jerusalem, by saying that Yahweh’s sword is put back in its sheath. Alternate translation: “But later the soldiers will return their swords to their sheaths, for the time of slaughter will be over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 21 30 ge15 0 sheath This is something that holds and covers a sword when no one is using it. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:3](../21/03.md).
EZK 21 30 g9uy figs-abstractnouns 0 In the place of your creation The word “creation” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “In the place that I created you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 21 31 dm1x figs-metaphor 0 I will pour out my indignation on you This speaks of Yahweh punishing the Babylonians because of his indignation against them as if his indignation were a liquid that he poured out of a container upon them. Alternate translation: “I will punish you because of indignation against you” or “Out of my anger I will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 21 31 iui1 figs-metaphor 0 I will fan the fire of my rage against you This compares Yahweh’s rage to a consuming fire. Alternate translation: “I will bring my rage upon you like a blazing fire” or “I will punish you in my fierce anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 21 31 nc5u figs-metonymy 0 the hand of cruel men The “hand” of the men refers to their control. Alternate translation: “the control of cruel men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 21 32 h97t figs-activepassive 0 You will not be remembered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one will remember you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 22 intro v9yg 0 # Ezekiel 22 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Continuous evil<br><br>Murder, idolatry and all sorts of evil have been done in Jerusalem; so God will destroy the city and scatter the people among the nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
EZK 22 1 r5l7 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 22 2 v6kn figs-rquestion 0 Now you, son of man, will you judge? Will you judge the city of blood? This rhetorical question functions as a command. AT. “Son of man, go and judge. Go and judge the city of blood.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 22 2 eh7w 0 son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
EZK 22 2 a7f3 figs-metonymy 0 the city of blood The word “blood” is a metonym for murder. Alternate translation: “the city where many people murder their neighbors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 22 2 jzh2 figs-gendernotations 0 her The word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Cities were often thought of as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 22 3 j2cg figs-gendernotations 0 her … herself The word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Cities were often thought of as a woman. This continues through verse 32. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 22 3 u3b4 figs-metonymy 0 This is a city that pours … her midst Here the “city” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people who live in this city pour … its midst” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 22 3 v7a4 figs-metaphor 0 that pours out blood in her midst The word “blood” is a metonym for murder. Alternate translation: “where many people murder their neighbors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 3 j6ka figs-explicit 0 so that her time may come This refers to the time when Yahweh will destroy them. Alternate translation: “so that the time of her destruction may come” or “so that the time may come for her to be destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 22 3 ujd2 figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 4 u2vl figs-metaphor 0 by the blood that you have poured out This speaks of murdering people as pouring out blood. Alternate translation: “because you murdered innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 4 lxu6 figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person whom God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 4 b7gh figs-idiom 0 You have drawn your days to a close, and the end of your years has come The images of days being brought to a close and years coming to an end are both idioms representing ending by death or by destruction. By saying that Jerusalem has brough her days to a close, Yahweh implies that Jerusalem would soon be destroyed because of the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “Because of these things you have done, you are approaching the end of your time” or “You are bringing your existence to an end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] )
EZK 22 4 u8pd figs-abstractnouns 0 I will make you a reproach to the nations and a laughingstock to all the lands This can be reworded so that the nouns “reproach” and “laughingstock” are expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “I will make the nations reproach you and all the lands ridicule you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 22 4 t4k2 figs-hyperbole 0 to all the lands This generalization refers to the places who are familiar with Jerusalem and represents the people who live in these places. Alternate translation: “of the people of every nearby land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EZK 22 6 mi2p figs-apostrophe 0 come to you Yahweh speaks to the city of Jerusalem itself as if it were a woman who could hear him speak. Alternate translation: “come to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
EZK 22 6 gx6j figs-metaphor 0 to pour out blood This speaks of murdering people as pouring out blood. Alternate translation: “to murder people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 7 b8l5 0 within you … in your midst … within you Yahweh speaks to the city of Jerusalem itself as if it were a woman who could hear him speak. Alternate translation: “within Jerusalem … in the midst of Jerusalem … within Jerusalem.” The words “you” and “your” refer to Jerusalem.
EZK 22 9 x1yw figs-explicit 0 they eat on the mountains Here “the mountains” refer to the altars on the mountains that are dedicated to idols. They men eat meat that has been sacrificed to the idols in order to be have the blessing of false gods. Alternate translation: “they eat the meat that has been sacrificed to idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 22 10 zj5w figs-apostrophe 0 Within you In all instances of this phrase, the writer refers to the people of Jerusalem as if they were the city itself, and of the city of Jerusalem as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “within this city” or “among you people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 10 r52h figs-euphemism 0 men uncover the nakedness of their father This means that a son sleeps with his father’s wife. Alternate translation: “there are men who sleep with their father’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
EZK 22 10 d8i1 figs-explicit 0 they have violated unclean women during their menstrual period These are all ways to express that the men have had slept with women they should not have and how sinful their actions are. Alternate translation: “They have raped unclean women during their menstrual period” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 22 10 r6h7 figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person whom God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. Women were considered to be unclean during their menstrual period. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 11 i4cb figs-explicit 0 commit abominations with their neighbors’ wives … make their own daughters-in-law shamefully unclean … abuse their own sisters These are all ways to express that the men have had slept with women they should not have and how sinful their actions are. Alternate translation: “commit abominations by sleeping with their neighbors’ wives … make their own daughters-in-law shamefully unclean by sleeping with them … rape their own sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 22 12 n8h5 figs-metaphor 0 to pour out blood This speaks of murdering people as pouring out blood. Alternate translation: “to murder people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 12 tf3b 0 interest This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret “interest” in this passage as “too much interest.”
EZK 22 12 zdw2 figs-explicit 0 you have damaged your neighbors through oppression This means that they have oppressed their neighbors by charging them too much interest. Alternate translation: “you have oppressed your neighbors and made them poor” or “you have made your neighbors poor by charging too much interest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 22 12 jp8b figs-metaphor 0 you have forgotten me Refusing to obey Yahweh is like forgetting that he exists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 12 al1x figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 22 13 b8at translate-symaction 0 With my hand I have struck “I have shaken my fist against” or “I have clapped my hands against.” This is a symbolic action that shows anger and disapproval. Alternate translation: “I have shown my anger and disapproval against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 22 14 i494 figs-rquestion 0 Will your heart stand, will your hands be strong on the days when I myself will deal with you? Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize how hurt they will be when he punishes them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your heart will not stand and your hands will not be strong on the days when I myself will deal with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 22 14 se71 figs-synecdoche 0 Will your heart stand Here the whole person is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions and will. Here the idea of “standing” is an idiom that means to be courageous. Alternate translation: “Will you stand” or “Will you be courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 22 14 ajb4 figs-synecdoche 0 will your hands be strong Here the whole person is referred to by his “hands.” Alternate translation: “will you be strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 22 15 q5cz figs-parallelism 0 So I will scatter you among the nations and disperse you through the lands These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/15.md). Alternate translation: “So I will cause them to separate from each other and live in different nations”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 22 15 zmj9 figs-metaphor 0 uncleanness A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 15 e3bn figs-metonymy 0 the nations Here the “nations” refer to the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “the people in other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 22 16 ka57 figs-metaphor 0 So you will become unclean in the eyes of the nations Here the “nations” refer to the people who live in those places. The “eyes” represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “So the nations will consider you unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 16 y3i5 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 22 17 zqj8 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 22 18 nd5i figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel has The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites have” or “the Israelite people group has” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 22 18 q3kz figs-metaphor 0 has become dross to me Dross is the impurities that are left over after silver or gold has been purified in a furnace. Here Yahweh speaks of the people being worthless to him as if they were dross. Alternate translation: “has become as worthless to me as dross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 18 apn9 figs-metaphor 0 All of them are the leftovers of bronze and tin … like the dross of silver in your furnace Yahweh continues to speaks about how the people have become worthless to him as if they were dross. Alternate translation: “All of them are as worthless as the leftover of bronze and tin, and iron and lead that remain after you melt silver in the furnace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 20 z88f figs-abstractnouns 0 I will gather you in my anger and my wrath The phrases with “anger” and “wrath” are used together to emphasize that he was extremely angry. Alternate translation: “Because of my great anger and wrath, I will gather you” or “I will be furiously angry with you, and I will gather you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 22 21 z69y figs-metaphor 0 I will gather you and blow on you the fire of my wrath This is the image of a person gathering the metals in the furnace and blowing the fire to make it hotter. Yahweh speaks of the greatness of his wrath as if it were a fire that he was blowing to make it hotter. Alternate translation: “I will gather you, and my wrath will be like a fire that I will blow on you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 22 mk5l 0 you will be melted in it The word “it” refers to Jerusalem.
EZK 22 22 mim9 figs-metaphor 0 have poured out my wrath on you God speaks of punishing the people as if his wrath were a liquid that he would pour on them. Alternate translation: “have punished you in my anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 23 y9kt figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 22 24 i1bn figs-activepassive 0 You are a land that has not been cleansed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The word “land” here refers to Israel and to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “You are a land and a people that is unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 22 24 c4rz figs-metaphor 0 not been cleansed A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 24 fy7g figs-idiom 0 There is no rain on the day of wrath Rain is used as an example of God’s blessing. Alternate translation: “There is no blessing on the day of wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 22 25 alu8 0 There is a conspiracy of her prophets in her midst The word “her” refers to Israel. Alternate translation: “The prophets within Israel plot conspiracies”
EZK 22 25 x5z7 figs-simile 0 like a roaring lion tearing apart a victim. They consume life and take precious wealth This compares the prophets of Israel to lions who attack and kill their victims. Alternate translation: “They kill people for they are like roaring lions who attack and kill their prey. They take peoples’ precious wealth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 22 25 irv7 figs-explicit 0 they make many widows within her The word “her” refers to Israel. They “make many widows” by killing married men. Alternate translation: “they make many women into widows by killing their husbands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 22 26 g2wa figs-nominaladj 0 the unclean and the clean This refers to unclean and clean things. Something that God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “things that are unclean and things that are clean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 26 qr2v figs-metaphor 0 They hide their eyes from my Sabbaths This speaks of the people ignoring and not observing the Sabbath and if they were hiding their eyes from the Sabbath” Alternate translation: “They ignore my Sabbaths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 26 lvt2 figs-activepassive 0 so that I am profaned in their midst If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and profane me among themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 22 27 cy5j figs-simile 0 Her princes within her are like wolves tearing apart their victims This compares Israel’s princes to wolves who attack and kill their victims. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 22 27 ni39 figs-parallelism 0 They pour out blood and destroy life These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the violence that the princes practice. Alternate translation: “They murder people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 22 28 ii3k figs-metaphor 0 Her prophets have painted them over with whitewash This speaks of the prophets trying to hide these sins as if they were something that they could paint over with whitewash. Alternate translation: “It is like her prophets have painted over their sins with whitewash” or “Their prophets try to hide these evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 29 wdj1 figs-ellipsis 0 have oppressed … and plundered The understood words may be supplied. Alternate translation: “have oppressed people … and plundered others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
EZK 22 29 k2bg figs-nominaladj 0 the poor and needy This refers to poor and needy people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor and needy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
EZK 22 30 w3cn figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh compares the leaders of Jerusalem to a wall and himself to an invading army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 30 d1ss figs-metaphor 0 a man from them who would build up a wall This speaks of a man who would take responsibility to pray for the people and to lead them to repentance as if that man were to build a wall to protect the people from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “a man from among them who would act like he built a wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 30 ml2l figs-metaphor 0 stand before me in its breach Its “breach” refers to a gap in the wall. This speaks of the man defending the people before Yahweh as if he were a warrior standing in the breach to defend the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 30 fph5 figs-metonymy 0 for the land so I would not destroy it Here the “land” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “for the people so that I would not destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 22 31 v2tp figs-metaphor 0 pour out my indignation upon them This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people as if his indignation were a liquid that he poured out on them. Alternate translation: “I will punish the people because of my indignation for them” or “I will punish the people because of my anger against them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 31 dh4t figs-metaphor 0 I will finish them with the fire of my indignation This speaks of how harsh Yahweh’s judgement is by comparing it to a fire. Here destroying the people is referred to as “finishing” them. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them with my wrath which is as intense as a blazing fire” or “I will destroy them with my wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
EZK 23 intro tr7w 0 # Ezekiel 23 General Notes<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Israel and Judah have been unfaithful to God by worshiping idols. They are compared to two unfaithful wives who have repeatedly committed adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 1 n9qw figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 23 2 z293 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 23 3 rn52 figs-activepassive 0 Their breasts were squeezed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Men squeezed their breasts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 23 3 gzk8 figs-parallelism 0 their virgin nipples were fondled there This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous phrase and emphasizes the immoral behavior of the two young women. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “there men fondled their virgin nipples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 23 4 dt7j figs-explicit 0 they became mine This means that he married them and they became his wives. Alternate translation: “they became my wives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 23 4 v1jc figs-metaphor 0 Their names mean this: Oholah means Samaria, and Oholibah means Jerusalem “Oholah represents Samaria, and Oholibah represents Jerusalem.” In this metaphor Samaria is spoken of as if it were Oholah and Jerusalem is spoken of as if it were Oholibah. This speaks of how these cities were unfaithful to Yahweh as if they were unfaithful wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 4 gq1j translate-names 0 Oholah This is the name of a woman that means “her tent.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 23 4 v8en translate-names 0 Oholibah This is the name of a woman that means “my tent is in her.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 23 5 bdi2 figs-explicit 0 when she was mine This refers to when she was his wife. Alternate translation: “while she was still my wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 23 7 mie9 0 all the best of Assyria’s men This identifies who the word “them” refers to.
EZK 23 7 kx3n figs-explicit 0 she made herself unclean with everyone she lusted for—and with all their idols This implies that she slept with all of these men and worshiped the idols they worshiped. Alternate translation: “she made herself unclean by sleeping with everyone she lusted for and by worshiping all their idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 23 7 gtx5 figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 8 j6if figs-metaphor 0 poured out their lust upon her This speaks of lust as if it were a large amount of water that they were pouring out on her. Alternate translation: “to act lustfully toward her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 9 lch3 figs-metonymy 0 I gave her into the hand of her lovers, into the hand of the Assyrians The word “hand” refers to power or control. The two phrases have the same meaning and the second phrase explains that “her lovers” were “the Assyrians.” Alternate translation: “I gave her over to her lovers, the Assyrians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 23 10 e3uw figs-idiom 0 they executed judgment on her This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “they talked about her disgrace” or “she had a bad reputation among them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 23 11 zbu6 translate-names 0 Oholibah This is the name of a woman that means “my tent is in her.” See how you translated this name in [Ezekiel 23:4](../23/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 23 13 jv3w figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 13 c3am figs-explicit 0 It was the same for both sisters This refers to how they had both made themselves unclean. Alternate translation: “Both sisters became unclean through their acts of prostitution” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 23 15 tmh2 0 turbans hats made out of long cloth and wrapped around the top of a man’s head
EZK 23 15 d6xq figs-abstractnouns 0 had the appearance of officers of chariot troops, the likeness of sons The abstract nouns “likeness” and “appearance” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “appeared the way officers of chariot troops do, and they looked like sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 23 17 pxm6 figs-explicit 0 her bed of lust This refers to her bed where she slept with men and acted lustfully. Alternate translation: “her bed where she acted lustfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 23 17 wf38 figs-explicit 0 they made her unclean with their promiscuousness This means that they slept with the woman. Alternate translation: “they slept with her and made her unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 23 17 vew5 figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 17 q8ct figs-idiom 0 so she turned herself away from them This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “so she rejected them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 23 20 hg43 figs-simile 0 whose private parts were like those of donkeys This compares the size of the mens’ private parts to those of a donkey to show how wicked Oholibah’s desires were. This is an exaggeration as they could not be as large as those of a donkey. Alternate translation: “whose private parts were very long, like those of a donkey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EZK 23 20 cs4h figs-simile 0 whose reproductive emissions were like those of horses This compares the volume of the mens’ emissions to those of a horse to show how wicked Oholibah’s desires were. This is an exaggeration as they could not be like those of a horse. Alternate translation: “whose reproductive emissions were huge, like those of a horse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EZK 23 22 f3fw 0 Behold! “Listen!” The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 23 23 b6g9 figs-hyperbole 0 the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them This does not refer to all of the people who live in these places, but rather to soldiers from there. Alternate translation: “soldiers from Babylon and all of Chaldea, Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the soldiers of Assyria with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EZK 23 23 j89j translate-names 0 Pekod, Shoa, and Koa These are the names places in Babylonia. These places represent the soldiers from these places. Alternate translation: “those from Pekod, Shoa, and Koa” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 23 23 znx2 0 strong, handsome men, governors and commanders … all of them riding on horses This is the description of the men of Assyria that Oholah had slept with who are now turning against her. This is similar to the description given in [Ezekiel 23:6](../23/06.md).
EZK 23 24 ggm4 figs-idiom 0 will come against you This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 23 24 pyq5 0 with weapons The Hebrew word translated here as “weapons” is rare. Many modern versions translate it in this way, but some versions leave this phrase out.
EZK 23 24 nr1r figs-metonymy 0 They will set large shields, small shields, and helmets against you all around These defensive items are used to refer to various types of soldiers. Alternate translation: “Soldiers will attack you on all sides carrying large shields, small shields, and wearing helmets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 23 25 i8jn figs-metaphor 0 For I will set my jealous anger on you, and they will deal with you in fury Here Yahweh speaks of causing the armies to attack them because he is angry with them as if his anger where something that he was placing upon them. Alternate translation: Because I am very jealous for you, I will cause them to act furiously towards you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 25 uwb6 figs-explicit 0 They will cut off your noses and your ears This describes the punishment in Babylon for married women who slept with men that are not their husbands. Alternate translation: “They will punish you as an adulteress, by cutting of your noses and your ears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 23 25 f1n5 figs-euphemism 0 your survivors will fall by the sword The word “fall” is a euphemism for “die.” The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill with swords. Alternate translation: “men will kill your survivors with their swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 23 25 ay3m figs-personification 0 your survivors will be devoured by fire This speaks of the survivors being burned by fire as if the fire were an animal attacking and eating them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your survivors will be burned by fire” or “fire will burn your survivors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 23 27 e5hm figs-explicit 0 from the land of Egypt This refers to her prostitution as beginning in Egypt. Alternate translation: “which you began in the land of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 23 27 ygi8 figs-metaphor 0 You will not lift up your eyes toward them with longing This is a way to refer to a person turning their head to look at something. Here looking represents desire. Alternate translation: “You will not look toward them with longing” or “You will not desire these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 27 sh71 figs-metonymy 0 you will think of Egypt no longer Here “Egypt” represents the shameful things that she did in Egypt. Alternate translation: “you will think about the things you did in Egypt no longer” or “you will not think about what you did in Egypt any more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 23 28 vhb4 figs-explicit 0 give you into the hand of the ones you hate … into the hand of the ones from whom you had turned away These two phrases have the same meaning. It means that they will be captured by the men they used to prostitute themselves to. Alternate translation: “allow you to be captured by those you hate and had turned away from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 23 28 krd4 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand Here the word “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “into the control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 23 29 xqa4 figs-doublet 0 naked and bare These two words mean the same thing and emphasize that she will be completely uncovered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 23 29 pgf4 figs-activepassive 0 your nakedness will be uncovered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They will reveal your nakedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 23 30 n3n4 figs-activepassive 0 These things will be done to you in your acting “These things will be done to you because you have acted.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “These things will happen to you because you have acted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 23 30 i1mg figs-metonymy 0 acting like a prostitute, lusting after nations Ezekiel speaks of Oholibah, who represents Judah ([Ezekiel 23:4](../23/04.md)), as if she were a prostitute sleeping with the men of many nations for money. He wants the people of Judah to understand that Yahweh to punish them because they were worshiping the idols of other nations so they could get those nations’ wealth and power. Alternate translation: “acting like a prostitute, lusting after men of other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 23 30 x6mb figs-explicit 0 became unclean with their idols She became unclean by worshiping the idols. Alternate translation: “became unclean by worshiping their idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 23 30 d56z figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 31 v34p figs-metaphor 0 so I will put her cup of punishment into your hand This refers to Oholibah’s punishment that she will receive as if it were a cup of wine. Alternate translation: “so I will cause you to be punished in the same way as your sister” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 32 h9zx figs-metonymy 0 You will drink your sister’s cup Here Yahweh speaks of punishment as if it were a cup of wine the woman drank. Alternate translation: “You will drink the same cup of punishment as your sister” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 23 32 tf7m figs-metonymy 0 your sister’s cup that is Here the “cup” represents what is in the cup. Alternate translation: “from your sister’s cup that is” or “all that is in your sister’s cup, and her cup is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 23 32 dj8d figs-parallelism 0 a laughingstock … a subject for derision Both of these phrases refer to a person who is laughed at and criticized because of their foolish behavior. Derision is mocking or ridiculing something or someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 23 32 w3yx figs-ellipsis 0 this cup contains a great amount This sentence does not say what is in the cup because it is understood by reading [Ezekiel 23:31](../23/31.md). Alternate translation: “this cup contains a great amount of punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
EZK 23 33 g6dn figs-metaphor 0 You will be filled with drunkenness and sorrow This speaks of being very drunk and full of sorrow as if drunkenness and sorrow were things that filled her body. Alternate translation: “You will become very drunk and very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 33 pw5b figs-doublet 0 the cup of horror and devastation “the cup that causes horror and devastation.” The words “horror” and “devastation” share similar meanings here and emphasize how terrible her punishment will be. Alternate translation: “for what is in that cup causes horror and devastation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 23 33 t7dj figs-metaphor 0 the cup of your sister Samaria Oholibah’s sister Oholah represents Samaria. Samaria is called by it’s name but still referred to as a sister. The cup is a symbol for the punishment that she received. Alternate translation: “for this is the same cup of punishment that your sister, who represents Samaria, drank” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 34 hs2h figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 23 35 k299 figs-metaphor 0 thrown me away behind your back Yahweh speaks of Oholibah rejecting him as if he were an object that she had thrown behind her back and forgotten. Alternate translation: “rejected me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 36 ght4 figs-rquestion 0 Son of man, will you judge Oholah and Oholibah? Yahweh uses this rhetorical question as a command for Ezekiel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. The cities of Jerusalem and Samaria are represented by Oholah and Oholibah. Alternate translation: “Son of man, you will judge Oholah and Oholibah!” or “Son of man, judge the people of those two cities represented by Oholah and Oholibah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 36 m5e3 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md).
EZK 23 37 p5bi figs-idiom 0 there is blood on their hands This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “they have murdered people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 23 38 bmp1 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks about how the people of Jerusalem and Samaria have been unfaithful to him.
EZK 23 38 wj94 figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person or thing God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 38 b7r3 figs-ellipsis 0 on the same day they defile my Sabbaths The phrase “same day” refers to the previous phrase “make my sanctuary unclean.” Alternate translation: “on the same day on which they make my sanctuary unclean, they defile my Sabbaths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
EZK 23 39 c5rz figs-synecdoche 0 in the middle of my house This refers to the house in general. The reference to the “middle” emphasizes that what was done happened openly in the temple and defiled the whole place. Alternate translation: “in my own house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 23 40 tq47 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh again refers to the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 40 ale7 0 you bathed, painted your eyes, and adorned yourself with jewelry These are things done by a woman to make her appear more beautiful to a man.
EZK 23 40 k1au figs-you 0 you bathed Here the word “you” switches to singular and refers to only one sister, but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EZK 23 41 j4l7 figs-you 0 you sat Here the word “you” switches to singular and refers to only one sister, but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EZK 23 42 jt3b figs-metonymy 0 So the sound of a noisy crowd was around her The sound of the crowd is used to refer to the crowd of people. Alternate translation: “So there was a noisy crowd around her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 23 42 t1ly 0 was around her … on their hands This verse begins by referring to one of the sisters but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. In the second part of the verse it switches back to referring to both sisters with the word “their.” Alternate translation: “was around her … on her and her sister’s hands”
EZK 23 42 b87k figs-activepassive 0 Sabeans were brought If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The word “Sabeans” refers to people from Sheba. Alternate translation: “Sabeans had come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 23 43 wi7x 0 her who was worn out … with her, and she with them This refers to one of the sisters but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here.
EZK 23 44 ea8z 0 They went in to her, as men go in to a prostitute They had sexual relations with her in the same way that men have sexual relations with a prostitute.
EZK 23 44 ult7 0 They went in to her Alternate translation: “They went in to where she was” or “They went to her”
EZK 23 44 fs3v 0 In this way they went in to Oholah and Oholibah Alternate translation: “This is how they had sexual relations with Oholah and Oholibah”
EZK 23 45 zg5h figs-idiom 0 who shed blood … blood is on their hands This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “who murder people … murderers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 23 46 mry5 figs-idiom 0 raise up a company The phrase “raise up” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “gather a large group of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 23 46 na2t figs-activepassive 0 to be terrorized and plundered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for the company to terrorize and plunder them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 23 47 qul5 figs-idiom 0 cut them down This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 23 49 lkh2 0 So they will set your “So the company will set your.” The word “they” refers to the “company” of people from [Ezekiel 23:47](../23/47.md).
EZK 23 49 fgf1 figs-idiom 0 set your shameful behavior against you This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cause you to accept responsibility for your shameful behavior” or “punish you for your shameful behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 23 49 uj93 figs-explicit 0 bear the guilt of your sins with your idols “accept responsibility for the guilt of your sins with your idols.” This implies that they will be punished for their sins. Alternate translation: “receive the punishment for sinning by worshiping your idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 24 intro ej5j 0 # Ezekiel 24 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Too many sins to be forgiven<br><br>The people of Jerusalem cannot be cleaned from their sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Jerusalem is compared to a pot, so rusted that it cannot be cleaned from its rust. They have been completely rotted by their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 24 1 e7xf figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 24 1 zmw7 translate-ordinal 0 in the ninth year “in year 9.” This refers to how long they had been in exile under King Jehoiachin. Alternate translation: “in the ninth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 24 1 n6gx translate-hebrewmonths 0 the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month “the tenth day of the tenth month” or “the 10th day of the 10th month.” This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 24 2 i79z 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 24 2 ve79 figs-metonymy 0 the king of Babylon has besieged The army of Babylon is referred to by its leader. Alternate translation: “the army of the king of Babylon has besieged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 24 3 xw29 figs-metonymy 0 this rebellious house This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “this rebellious people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 24 4 cet6 figs-synecdoche 0 Gather pieces of food Here “food” refers specifically to meat. Alternate translation: “Place pieces of meat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 24 5 g2dh 0 the best of the flock Here the “flock” refers to sheep, not birds.
EZK 24 5 h692 figs-explicit 0 pile up the bones under it Some cultures add bones to a fire because they burn longer than wood. This refers to the bones that remained after the best bones were placed in the pot. Alternate translation: “place the rest of the bones under the pot to fuel the fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 24 6 j2jd figs-metonymy 0 the city of blood Here “blood” is a reference to “murder.” Alternate translation: “the city of murderers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 24 6 l7p7 figs-metaphor 0 a cooking pot Yahweh continues to compare Jerusalem to a cooking pot. Alternate translation: “it is like a cooking pot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 24 6 u69f 0 rust the red material that forms on metal. Rust eats away at metal and eventually destroys it
EZK 24 6 t39c 0 Take piece after piece Yahweh does not give this command to a specific person. This is a general command given to an unspecified person within this metaphor.
EZK 24 6 wge9 0 but do not cast lots for it Casting lots was a way of choosing which pieces of meat to take out, but because Yahweh wants to take out all of the pieces of meat, there is no need to cast lots.
EZK 24 7 b2an figs-explicit 0 For her blood is in the midst of her This means that the blood from those who were murdered in Jerusalem is still there. Alternate translation: “For the blood of those who were murdered among her is still there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 24 7 e9bt 0 her The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, which is represented by the cooking pot.
EZK 24 7 tij3 figs-personification 0 She has set it on the smooth rock; she has not poured it out on the ground to cover it with dust This personifies Jerusalem as a person who murdered the people and chose where to put their blood. Alternate translation: “They were murdered on the smooth rocks; not on the dirt where the dust would hide their blood” or “Their blood fell on the smooth rocks; it did not fall on the ground where the dust would cover it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 24 8 k2au figs-explicit 0 so it brings fury up to exact vengeance Here Yahweh is speaking about himself taking revenge on those who murdered the people in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “in order that I could see it and then be angry and get revenge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 24 8 h9cs figs-activepassive 0 so it could not be covered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that no one could cover it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 24 9 k8zi figs-metonymy 0 the city of blood Here “blood” is a reference to “murder.” Alternate translation: “the city of murderers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 24 9 b6ad figs-explicit 0 I will also enlarge the pile of wood It is implied that the pile of wood is under the cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. “I will make the pile of wood on the fire under you even bigger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 24 10 vsz6 figs-activepassive 0 let the bones be charred If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “burn the bones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 24 11 f8sl figs-activepassive 0 so its uncleanness within it will be melted, its corrosion consumed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to melt the uncleanness within it and to consume its corrosion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 24 11 pz35 figs-metaphor 0 uncleanness A person whom God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 24 12 pvf5 figs-metaphor 0 She has become weary Here the word “she” refers to the cooking pot. This is the cooking pot that is metaphorical for Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem has become tired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 24 12 bj7t figs-idiom 0 but her corrosion has not gone out of her by the fire The phrase “has not gone out of her” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “but the fire did not burn away her corrosion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 24 13 f1bi figs-metonymy 0 until I have satisfied my fury upon you. This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people in his anger as if it were his “fury” that were punishing them. Alternate translation: “until I am finished punishing you and am no longer furious with you” or “until I have punished you and I am longer angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 24 14 il2j 0 nor will I rest from it “nor will I rest from punishing you.” The word “it” refers to Yahweh punishing the people.
EZK 24 14 rdm6 figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 24 15 cmi1 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 24 16 py3j figs-synecdoche 0 the desire of your eyes from This refers to Ezekiel’s wife. Yahweh refers to Ezekiel by the part of his body he uses to see his wife. Alternate translation: “your wife, whom you love very much, from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 24 16 sgn7 figs-parallelism 0 you must not mourn nor weep, and your tears must not flow These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Ezekiel is not to cry about his wife dying. Alternate translation: “you must not mourn nor weep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 24 17 yh8j figs-nominaladj 0 the dead This refers to his dead wife. Alternate translation: “your dead wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
EZK 24 17 k28d translate-symaction 0 do not veil your facial hair In Israel, men would shave their beards to express sorrow, then cover their faces until their facial hair grew back. Yahweh told Ezekiel not to cover his facial hair in order to show that he had not shaved his face to express his sorrow. Alternate translation: “do not mourn by veiling your facial hair” or “do not mourn by shaving and covering your beard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 24 20 a86e figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 24 21 a8px figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 24 21 vx6c 0 Behold The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 24 21 tq97 0 I will desecrate my sanctuary—the pride of … of your soul, and your sons Alternate translation: “I will desecrate my sanctuary which is the pride … of your soul. Your sons”
EZK 24 21 qcv7 figs-metonymy 0 the pride of your power This describes the temple as the building that the people are proud of. This speaks of it as being their “pride” instead of the source of their pride. Alternate translation: “the building that you are proud of” or “the source of your strong pride” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 24 21 lh1d figs-synecdoche 0 the delight of your eyes Here Yahweh refers to the people by their “eyes.” Alternate translation: “the building that you delight to look at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 24 21 fa6c figs-synecdoche 0 the yearning of your soul Here Yahweh refers to the people by their “soul” to emphasize their inner feelings. Alternate translation: “the building that you truly love” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 24 21 rw4n figs-metonymy 0 your sons and your daughters … will fall by the sword This refers to their enemies by their swords. Alternate translation: “your sons and daughters … will be killed in war” or “your enemies will kill your sons and your daughters … with their swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 24 23 vr9u figs-metaphor 0 you will melt away Here “melt away” is a metaphor for wasting away and dying. Alternate translation: “you will become very thin and slowly die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 24 23 mm9s figs-explicit 0 in your iniquities This implies that God will not forgive the sins of these people. Alternate translation: “and I will not forgive your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 24 24 aqs3 figs-metaphor 0 So Ezekiel will be a sign for you Here the word “sign” refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of Ezekiel and his actions as being this warning. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 12:6](../12/06.md). Alternate translation: “So Ezekiel will be a warning for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 24 25 ffu4 0 that I capture their temple Here Yahweh speaks of destroying the temple as if it were someone that he was capturing. Alternate translation: “that I destroy their temple”
EZK 24 25 bc3v figs-metaphor 0 which is their joy, their pride The abstract nouns “joy” and “pride” can be translated as noun phrases. Alternate translation: “which is what they are joyful about and what they are proud of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 24 27 xr34 figs-activepassive 0 your mouth will be opened up If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Ezekiel being given understanding and the ability to speak is represented by his mouth being opened. Alternate translation: “I will open your mouth” or “you will know what to say” or “I will cause you to know what to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 24 27 t54k figs-litotes 0 you will speak—you will no longer be silent Both of these phrases mean that Ezekiel will speak. In the second phrase it is stated in negative form to emphasize that he will speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
EZK 24 27 x42v figs-metaphor 0 You will be a sign for them Here the word “sign” refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of Ezekiel and his actions as being this warning. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 12:6](../12/06.md). Alternate translation: “You will be a warning for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 24 27 v14c figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 25 intro w37s 0 # Ezekiel 25 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Prophecy against other nations<br><br>This chapter includes prophecies against some Gentile nations. Ammon, Moab, Edom and Philistia will all be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
EZK 25 1 fc5p figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 25 2 hr8s 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 25 2 t1h5 translate-symaction 0 set your face against the people of Ammon This is a command to stare at the people of Ammon as a symbol of punishing them. Alternate translation: “stare at the people of Ammon” or “stare at the people of Ammon so that they will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 25 2 z8cr translate-symaction 0 set your face against the people of Ammon Ammon was far away, so Ezekiel could not see the people there, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming the people. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/02.md). Alternate translation: “Turn toward the people of Ammon and stare” or “stare toward Ammon so that the people there will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 25 2 y2y9 0 prophesy against them “prophesy about the bad things that will happen to them.” This means to prophesy about the horrible things that will happen to the people of Ammon. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:7](../04/07.md).
EZK 25 3 e8ne 0 you said, “Aha!” “you cheered.” The word “Aha” is a sound people make when they are happy about something. In this case the people were happy because bad things happened to Israel and Judah.
EZK 25 3 xrf5 figs-activepassive 0 over my sanctuary when it was profaned If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “against my sanctuary when the enemy army profaned it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 25 3 z3wr figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Judah people group” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 25 4 cex8 figs-metaphor 0 I am giving you to a people in the east as their possession This speaks of the enemy army conquering the land of Ammon and taking possession of the land and everything in it as if the enemy were taking the people of Ammon as their possession. It is not implied here that the enemy took the people of Ammon as slaves. Alternate translation: “I will cause an army from a land that is east of you to come and conquer you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 25 4 erp6 0 They will set up camp against you and set up their tents among you Alternate translation: “They will set up tents and live in your country”
EZK 25 4 c4qf figs-explicit 0 They will eat your fruit and they will drink your milk It may be helpful to specify the source of the fruit and milk. Alternate translation: “They will eat the fruit from your trees and drink the milk from your cattle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 25 5 p11j figs-metonymy 0 the people of Ammon a field for flocks Here the phrase “the people of Ammon” refers to the land that belonged to the people of Ammon. Also, the understood information at the beginning of this phrase may be supplied. Alternate translation: “I will make the rest of the land of Ammon a field for flocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
EZK 25 5 jjh8 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 25 6 yv28 translate-symaction 0 You have clapped your hands and stamped your feet These actions are ways to show strong emotions. In this case the people are cheering and showing their contempt against Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 25 6 yi9z figs-metonymy 0 all the contempt within you against the land of Israel Here the phrase “the land of Israel” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “all of the hatred you feel towards the people who live in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 25 7 kzd2 figs-metaphor 0 I will strike you with my hand “I will hit you with my powerful hand.” Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people as if he were literally hitting them with his hand. Alternate translation: “I will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 25 7 u2p4 figs-metonymy 0 give you as plunder to the nations The word “you” refers to the people of Ammon but is also a metonym for their land and their possessions. Alternate translation: “I will allow enemies to defeat you and take you, your land, and your possessions as plunder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 25 7 six2 figs-parallelism 0 I will cut you off from the peoples … make you perish from among the countries These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will completely destroy the people of Ammon so that they are no longer a nation. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy you so that you are no longer a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 25 8 m7lp figs-metonymy 0 Moab and Seir These places refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “the people of Moab and Seir” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 25 8 yax1 figs-metonymy 0 The house of Judah is The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “The Judah people group are” or “The people of Judah are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 25 9 fnu5 0 behold! I will open Alternate translation: “look! I will open” or “listen! I will open” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you! I will open”
EZK 25 9 fyg9 figs-personification 0 starting at his cities Here the city of Moab is spoken of with the masculine pronoun “his.” Alternate translation: “starting at its cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 25 10 h7xa 0 to the people of the east who have been against the people of Ammon Alternate translation: “I will send the same army from the people in the east who attacked Ammon”
EZK 25 10 nvt6 figs-metaphor 0 I will give them up as a possession Here Yahweh speaks of allowing the armies from the east to conquer Ammon as if Ammon were a possession that he was giving them. Alternate translation: “I will allow the armies to conquer them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 25 10 qs9u figs-activepassive 0 so that the people of Ammon will not be remembered among the nations If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that the nations will not remember the people of Ammon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 25 12 ph9y figs-metonymy 0 Edom has taken Here “Edom” refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people of Edom have taken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 25 12 hs3x figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Judah people group” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 25 13 shy7 figs-metaphor 0 I will strike Edom with my hand Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people as if he were literally hitting them with his hand. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 25:7](../25/07.md). Alternate translation: “I will punish Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 25 13 u34t translate-names 0 I will make them … from Teman to Dedan “I will make all of Edom … from Teman to Dedan.” These are two cities at opposite ends of Edom. This means that Yahweh will destroy all of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 25 13 lfw7 figs-metonymy 0 They will fall by the sword The word “fall” represents being killed and the word “sword” refers to their enemies who will kill them in battle. Alternate translation: “Their enemies will kill them with their swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 25 14 fx1e figs-metonymy 0 I will lay my vengeance upon Edom by the hand of my people Israel Here the “hand” of Israel is a metonym for Israel’s army. Yahweh speaks of taking revenge on the people of Edom as if his vengeance were like a sheet that he covered them with. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **vengeance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to punish.” Alternate translation: “I will use my people Israel to punish the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 25 14 h1jc 0 they will do to Edom according to my anger and my fury Alternate translation: “they will show Edom my anger and fury” or “they will punish Edom according to my anger and fury against the people of Edom”
EZK 25 14 jl32 figs-doublet 0 my anger and my fury The word “fury” means basically the same thing as and intensifies the word “anger.” Alternate translation: “my furious anger” or “my extreme anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 25 14 t72s figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 25 15 ikk3 figs-idiom 0 The Philistines have taken vengeance with malice and from within themselves they tried to destroy Judah again and again The phrase “from within themselves” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The Philistines hate Judah and have tried to take revenge against it by their own strength again and again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 25 15 k6d4 figs-metonymy 0 to destroy Judah Here “Judah” refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “to destroy the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 25 16 f57y 0 Behold This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
EZK 25 16 y9w5 figs-metonymy 0 I will reach out with my hand against the Philistines Here Yahweh’s power is represented by his “hand.” Alternate translation: “I will turn my powerful hand against the Philistines” or “I will turn my great power against the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 25 16 td5r figs-idiom 0 I will cut off This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will destroy” or “I will get rid of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 26 intro ya6v 0 # Ezekiel 26 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section of prophecy against Tyre. The Babylonians will destroy Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
EZK 26 1 t2ex translate-ordinal 0 in the eleventh year “in year 11.” This means the eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. Alternate translation: “in the eleventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 26 1 z8up translate-ordinal 0 on the first day of the month “on day 1 of the month.” It is uncertain which month of the Hebrew calendar Ezekiel meant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 26 1 qf5l figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 26 2 niu7 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 26 2 h3yr figs-metonymy 0 Tyre has said against Jerusalem Here the city names “Tyre” and “Jerusalem” represent the people of those cities. Alternate translation: “the people of Tyre have said against the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 2 e6ch figs-exclamations 0 Aha! The word “Aha” is a sound people make when they discover something. Alternate translation: “Yes!” or “This is great!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
EZK 26 2 ye9y figs-metaphor 0 The gates of the people are broken The people of Tyre use these words to refer to Jerusalem as if it were a city gate through which traders from the surrounding nations pass. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Armies have broken down the gates of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 26 2 a2hy figs-explicit 0 She has turned to me Here the word “she” refers to the word “gates” which have “turned” on their hinges to open to Tyre. This phrase means that Tyre has now replaced Jerusalem as the city through which the traders from many nations pass. Alternate translation: “The gateway has opened to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 26 2 xwf1 figs-metonymy 0 I will be filled up Here to be “filled up” represents being prosperous. Alternate translation: “I will become prosperous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 3 bgn4 figs-metonymy 0 I will raise up many nations against you like the sea raises its waves Here the word “nations” refers to their armies. Alternate translation: “I will gather armies from many nations that will beat against you like the waves in the raging sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 26 4 z8j2 figs-simile 0 I will sweep her dust away and make her like a bare rock Yahweh speaks of how he will cause Tyre to be completely destroyed. Alternate translation: “I will cause the armies to completely destroy the city, and they will leave nothing there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 26 5 cu3g figs-personification 0 She will become The city of Tyre is spoken of here as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “Tyre will become” or “It will become” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 26 5 m2sf figs-metonymy 0 a place for nets to dry out in the midst of the sea Part of Tyre was an island. This expression is a metonym for the results of Tyre’s destruction. Alternate translation: “an empty island used for drying fishing nets” or “a deserted island where people dry out their fishing nets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 5 x6ai figs-metonymy 0 she will become plunder for the nations “Plunder” means things that people steal or take by force. Here Tyre becoming plunder represents its wealth being carried off by other nations. Alternate translation: “the armies of the nations will take away every valuable thing from Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 6 kv1j figs-activepassive 0 Her daughters who are in the fields will be slaughtered by the swords If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy armies will slaughter with swords her daughters who are in the fields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 26 6 mr2n figs-metonymy 0 Her daughters who are in the fields This could mean: (1) “Her daughters” were the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields or (2) “Her daughters” is a metonym for nearby towns and villages on the mainland that supported the main city of Tyre. Alternate translation: “Her daughter communities who are on the mainland” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 6 rmu1 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 26 7 ri6u figs-explicit 0 Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, king of kings The phrase “king of kings” was a title, meaning that he was the greatest of kings, the king that other kings obeyed. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the greatest king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 26 7 es3k 0 a great many people This emphasizes the great size of Nebuchadnezzar’s army.
EZK 26 8 pm5g figs-metonymy 0 He will kill Here the word “He” refers to Nebuchadnezzar and is a metonym for his army. Alternate translation: “His army will kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 8 q7kf figs-metonymy 0 your daughters in the field This could mean: (1) “your daughters” refers to the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields or (2) “your daughters” is a metonym for nearby towns and villages on the mainland that supported the main city of Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 26:6](../26/06.md). Alternate translation: “your daughter communities who are on the mainland” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 9 dl2k figs-metonymy 0 General Information: The words “he” and “his” in these verses refer to Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, and represent the soldiers in Nebuchadnezzar’s army doing these actions. The word “your” refers to the city of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 9 vu9t figs-metonymy 0 He will place his battering rams to hit against your walls, and his tools will tear down your towers Although the battering rams and tools are spoken of as acting against the walls and towers of Tyre, they would have been used by the soldiers in Nebuchadnezzar’s army against the walls and towers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 9 n3a4 0 battering rams “Battering rams” are large trees or poles that many men in an army would pick up and hit against a wall or door so they could break it down and get inside. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:2](../04/02.md).
EZK 26 10 d7sh figs-simile 0 When he enters your gates, he will enter as men come into a city whose walls have been broken down Here Yahweh uses a simile to describe how Nebuchadnezzar’s army will enter into the city of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 26 10 az2d figs-activepassive 0 whose walls have been broken down If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after breaking down its walls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 26 12 j1ma 0 General Information: The word “They” in these verses refers to the soldiers in the armies of Nebuchadnezzar. The words “your” and “you” refer to the city of Tyre.
EZK 26 12 k2sc figs-parallelism 0 They will plunder your riches and loot your merchandise The phrases “plunder your riches” and “loot your merchandise” mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 26 13 y7hj figs-activepassive 0 The sound of your harps will be heard no more If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one will hear the sound of your harps anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 26 14 r43e figs-metaphor 0 I will make you a bare rock This metaphor describes the results after Yahweh completely destroys Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 26:4](../26/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 26 14 y7m1 figs-metaphor 0 you will become a place where nets are spread out to dry This metaphor also describes the results after Yahweh destroys Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 26:5](../26/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 26 14 f7ce figs-activepassive 0 you will become a place where nets If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will make you a place where nets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 26 15 mn77 figs-rquestion 0 Will not the islands quake … in your midst? This question expects a positive answer and emphasizes the results of Tyre’s destruction. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “The islands will quake … in your midst.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 26 15 l6ij figs-metonymy 0 Will not the islands quake Here “the islands” represents the people living on the islands. Alternate translation: “Will not the people of the islands quake with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 16 fg7y figs-metaphor 0 They will clothe themselves with trembling This metaphor represents the princes trembling enough to seem like it was their clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 26 17 u3mk figs-activepassive 0 How you, who were inhabited by sailors, have been destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “How your enemies have destroyed you—you who were inhabited by sailors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 26 17 ey9i figs-abstractnouns 0 spread a terror about themselves upon everyone who lived near them If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “terrified.” Alternate translation: “caused all the people around them to be terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 26 18 qw2y figs-parallelism 0 Now the coasts tremble on the day of your downfall. The islands in the sea are terrified, because you are no longer in your place These two lines are similar in meaning and emphasize the response of the surrounding people to the destruction of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 26 18 l8fi figs-metonymy 0 Now the coasts tremble Here “the coasts” represents the people living there. Alternate translation: “Now the people of the coastlands tremble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 18 ny49 figs-metonymy 0 The islands in the sea are terrified Here “the islands in the sea” represents the people living there. Alternate translation: “The people of the islands are terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 18 yy4m figs-personification 0 you are no longer in your place The destruction of Tyre is spoken of as if it was a person who had died. Alternate translation: “you have departed” or “you exist no more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 26 19 sn11 figs-simile 0 When I make you a desolate city, like the other cities that are not inhabited Here Tyre is compared to other cities that no longer had people living in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 26 19 h8v9 figs-nominaladj 0 the deeps Here “the deeps” means the deep waters of the sea. Alternate translation: “the deep waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
EZK 26 20 npm2 figs-personification 0 then I will bring you down to the people of ancient times, like the others who have gone down into the pit; for I will make you live in the lowest realms of the earth as in ruins of ancient times What Yahweh would do to Tyre is compared to people going to the grave and cities falling into ruin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 26 20 k4z8 figs-metonymy 0 the pit This refers to the grave. Because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 20 c3ul figs-metaphor 0 stand in the land of the living This represents being restored to the city’s former existence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 26 21 lui3 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will place disaster on you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **disaster**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “terrible” or the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “I will bring you to a terrible end” or “I will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 27 intro m11q 0 # Ezekiel 27 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The prophecy against Tyre continues in this chapter. Tyre has become wealthy from trade as far as Spain, but Tyre will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Tyre is compared to a ship built with the very best materials. Despite its strength and power, Yahweh will destroy it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 27 1 w529 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 27 2 x6yp 0 son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
EZK 27 2 zc5g figs-abstractnouns 0 begin a lamentation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **lamentation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “lament.” Alternate translation: “begin to lament” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 27 3 wz6j figs-metonymy 0 say to Tyre Here the word “Tyre” represents the people living in Tyre. Alternate translation: “say to the people of Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 27 3 h74v 0 who lives within the gates of the sea Alternate translation: “who lives at the gates of the sea” or “who lives at the entry to the sea”
EZK 27 3 uay7 figs-metonymy 0 Tyre, you have said Here the word “Tyre” represents the people living in Tyre. Alternate translation: “People of Tyre, you have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 27 3 lrt3 figs-abstractnouns 0 I am perfect in beauty If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **beauty**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “beautiful.” Alternate translation: “I am perfectly beautiful” or “I am entirely beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 27 4 r25t figs-metaphor 0 General Information: “Your” and “you” in these verses refer to Tyre. The city of Tyre is described here and in the following verses as if it were a beautiful ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 27 6 tne4 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a beautiful ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 27 6 gc41 0 oars long pieces of wood with flat blades at one end that people use to make a boat move
EZK 27 6 mb7n 0 decks the parts of the boat that people can walk on
EZK 27 6 gx72 0 ivory a white, beautiful, and hard material that is made from the long teeth of some animals
EZK 27 7 kz9m 0 sails large pieces of cloth that move a ship when the wind blows on them
EZK 27 7 qe9t figs-simile 0 Your sails were made from colorful linen from Egypt that served as your banner The sails of the ship are compared to the banners or flags of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 27 8 f813 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a beautiful ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 27 8 hd5c translate-names 0 Arvad This is the name of a small island off the coast of Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 27 9 r7t4 translate-names 0 Byblos This is the name of a city on the Syrian coast. Other versions call it by the name “Gebal.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
EZK 27 10 hpk8 figs-abstractnouns 0 your splendor If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **splendor**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “splendid.” Alternate translation: “how splendid you were” or “how majestic you were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 27 11 m439 figs-abstractnouns 0 They completed your beauty If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **beauty**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “beautiful.” Alternate translation: “They finished making you beautiful” or “They made you perfectly beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 27 15 kwz4 figs-metonymy 0 Merchandise was in your hand Having things in the hands here is probably a metaphor for carrying those things or having them in their possession. Alternate translation: “You owned things that you sold to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 27 16 m6pt figs-metonymy 0 Aram was a dealer Here “Aram” refers to the people of Aram. Alternate translation: “The people of Aram were dealers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 27 16 bmk5 figs-nominaladj 0 purple Here purple cloth or yarn is referred to by just its color. Alternate translation: “purple cloth” or “purple yarn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
EZK 27 17 gp5u figs-metonymy 0 Judah and the land of Israel were trading with you Here “Judah and the land of Israel” refers to the people of those places. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah and Israel were trading with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 27 17 mek4 0 cakes The meaning of the Hebrew word translated here as “cakes” is uncertain. Other versions may translate it as another type of food.
EZK 27 19 c7yt figs-metonymy 0 Dan and Javan This is a metonym for the people of Dan and Javan. Alternate translation: “The people of Dan and Javan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 27 19 sf4p translate-unknown 0 cinnamon This is a type of spice that comes from the bark of a tree. “Cassia” is another name for this spice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EZK 27 19 m7yg translate-unknown 0 calamus a type of grass that people used as perfume and for medicine (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EZK 27 20 jt9g figs-metonymy 0 Dedan was This is a metonym for the people of Dedan. Alternate translation: “The people of Dedan were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 27 21 pe5d figs-metonymy 0 Arabia This is a metonym for the people of Arabia. Alternate translation: “The people of Arabia” or “The Arabians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 27 22 tk79 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to Tyre.
EZK 27 23 p6qs figs-metonymy 0 Haran, Kanneh, and Eden were traders with you, along with Sheba, Ashur, and Kilmad This refers to the people from these places. Alternate translation: “The people of Haran, Kanneh, and Eden were traders with you, along with the people of Sheba, Ashur, and Kilmad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 27 23 ad7i translate-names 0 Haran … Kanneh … Eden … Sheba … Ashur … Kilmad These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 27 24 neq7 0 These were your dealers Alternate translation: “They traded with you”
EZK 27 24 e7b1 0 ornate robes of violet cloths with woven colors Alternate translation: “purple robes with many different colors”
EZK 27 24 kbt9 0 blankets of multicolored, embroidered, and well-woven cloth Alternate translation: “blankets with many colors that had designs and were of high quality”
EZK 27 25 g238 figs-activepassive 0 The ships of Tarshish were the transporters of your merchandise If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The ships of Tarshish carried your merchandise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 27 25 i67z figs-metaphor 0 you were filled up, heavily laden with cargo Tyre’s abundance is spoken of as if it was a ship that was full of cargo. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 27 25 lk4d 0 heart of the seas “middle of the seas.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:4](../27/04.md).
EZK 27 26 t2gs figs-metaphor 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to Tyre. The city of Tyre is described here and in the following verses as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 27 27 v5jc figs-abstractnouns 0 on the day of your destruction If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” Alternate translation: “at the time you are destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 27 28 vb1f figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 27 28 zz11 figs-metonymy 0 Cities at the sea will tremble Here “Cities at the sea” represents the people in those cities. Alternate translation: “The people of the cities by the sea will tremble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 27 30 ja2t translate-symaction 0 they will cast dust up on their heads. They will roll about in ashes These are expressions of grieving and mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 27 31 y422 0 General Information: The word “they” in these verses refer to the people mentioned in verses 28 and 29. The words “you” and “your” refer to Tyre.
EZK 27 31 v5hn figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 27 31 l2lh translate-symaction 0 They will shave their heads bald for you and bind themselves with sackcloth These are expressions of grieving and mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 27 32 f54l figs-abstractnouns 0 They will lift up their wails of lamentation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **lamentation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “lament.” Alternate translation: “They will cry out and lament” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 27 32 d8za figs-rquestion 0 Who is like Tyre, who has now been brought to silence in the middle of the sea? This question expects a negative answer and emphasizes Tyre being different from all other cities. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “No other city is like Tyre, who has now been brought to silence in the middle of the sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 27 32 f4lr figs-activepassive 0 who has now been brought to silence This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “who its enemies have now silenced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 27 33 i7dx figs-activepassive 0 When your merchandise went ashore This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “When people brought your merchandise ashore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 27 34 fi4d figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 27 34 r7k6 figs-activepassive 0 when you were shattered by the seas, by deep waters This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “when the seas, the deep waters, shattered you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 27 34 wr3x 0 shattered To “shatter” is to break up into pieces.
EZK 27 35 c2nm figs-abstractnouns 0 their kings shuddered in horror If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **horror**, you can express the same idea with an adverb such as “fearfully.” Alternate translation: “their kings shuddered fearfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 27 35 l348 figs-metonymy 0 Their faces trembled Here “faces” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “They appear to be trembling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 27 36 vh13 translate-symaction 0 hiss at you Hissing was making a whistling sound through the teeth. It may have been out of dismay, grief, or surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 27 36 wj8x figs-abstractnouns 0 you have become a horror If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **horror**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “dreadful.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have become dreadful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 28 intro b1j6 0 # Ezekiel 28 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The prophecy against Tyre concludes in this chapter. Tyre will be destroyed because of its pride and unfair business practices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
EZK 28 1 g4fl figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 28 2 c7sq 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 28 2 gi4w figs-metonymy 0 Your heart is arrogant Here “heart” represents the will or thoughts of the ruler of Tyre. Alternate translation: “You are arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 28 2 zqk6 figs-metaphor 0 I will sit in the seat of the gods “I will sit on the throne of the gods.” Here sitting in the seat of the gods represents claiming to be in the same exalted position as if he were one of the gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 28 2 nrp2 0 heart of the seas “middle of the seas.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:4](../27/04.md).
EZK 28 2 b648 figs-metonymy 0 you make your heart like the heart of a god Here “heart” represents the mind or thinking. A god thinks of himself as better than people. Alternate translation: “you think that you have the mind of a god” or “you have allowed yourself to think that you are better than other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 28 3 xy88 figs-simile 0 you think that you are wiser than Daniel Here the ruler of Tyre compares himself to Daniel the prophet in how wise he thought he was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 28 4 fgz2 figs-rpronouns 0 You have made yourself wealthy with wisdom and skill The abstract nouns “wisdom” and “skill” can be translated using the adjectives “wise” and “skillful.” Alternate translation: “You have become wealthy by your own wisdom and skill” or “You have become wealthy by being wise and skillful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 28 5 s7hz figs-abstractnouns 0 By great wisdom and by your trading, you have multiplied your wealth, so your heart is arrogant because of your wealth The abstract nouns “wisdom” and “wealth” can be translated using the adjectives “wise” and “wealthy.” Alternate translation: “By being very wise and by your trading, you have become more and more wealthy, so your heart is arrogant because of how wealthy you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 28 5 z3cd figs-metonymy 0 your heart is arrogant Here “heart” represents the will or thoughts of the ruler of Tyre. Alternate translation: “you are arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 28 6 vgc2 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the ruler of Tyre.
EZK 28 6 kas1 figs-metonymy 0 you have made your heart like the heart of a god Here “heart” represents the mind or thinking. A god thinks of himself as better than people. See how you translated the similar phrase in [Ezekiel 28:2](../28/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 28 7 nrp5 figs-abstractnouns 0 the beauty of your wisdom The abstract nouns “beauty” and “wisdom” can be translated using the adjective “beautiful” and the adverb “wisely.” Alternate translation: “the beautiful things that you have so wisely made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 28 7 b7md figs-abstractnouns 0 profane your splendor If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **splendor**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “splendid.” Alternate translation: “profane how splendid you are” or “defile how majestic you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 28 8 w6fj figs-metonymy 0 down to the pit Here “the pit” refers to the grave or to hell. Alternate translation: “down to the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 28 9 d3z2 figs-rquestion 0 Will you truly say, “I am a god” to the face of one who kills you? This question expects a negative answer to emphasize the irony when one who claims to be a god is destroyed by men. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not say ‘I am a god’ to the face of one who kills you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
EZK 28 9 a38a figs-synecdoche 0 to the face of Here the face represents being in the presence of another person. Alternate translation: “in the presence of” or “before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 28 9 a1vr figs-metaphor 0 in the hand of Here being in the hand of someone represents being under their control. Alternate translation: “under the control of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 28 10 z2rh figs-metonymy 0 by the hand of foreigners Here “hand” is a metonym for the actions of the foreigners’ army. Alternate translation: “by an army of foreigners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 28 10 aag6 figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 28 11 t3he figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came again to me, saying, The idiom “The word of Yahweh came again to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated similar words in [Ezekiel 18:1](../18/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to me a second time. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this second message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 28 12 ak3z 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 28 12 i9b8 0 lift up Alternate translation: “sing”
EZK 28 12 mf2x figs-abstractnouns 0 You were the model of perfection The abstract nouns “model” an d “perfection” can be translated using the words “completely” and “perfect.” Alternate translation: “You were completely perfect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 28 12 c7vx figs-abstractnouns 0 full of wisdom and perfect in beauty The abstract nouns “wisdom” and “beauty” can be translated using the adjectives “wise” and “beautiful.” Alternate translation: “fully wise and perfectly beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 28 13 u7pz translate-unknown 0 ruby, topaz, emerald, chrysolite, onyx, jasper, sapphire, turquoise, and beryl These are all precious stones of different colors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EZK 28 13 a65a 0 settings and mountings pieces of metal that hold the precious stones
EZK 28 13 mah3 figs-activepassive 0 It was on the day you were created that they were prepared If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I prepared them on the day that I created you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 28 14 hjx3 figs-metaphor 0 the fiery stones “the stones of fire.” This could mean: (1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [Ezekiel 28:13](../28/13.md) or (2) other fiery stones on the “holy mountain of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 28 15 fa3g figs-activepassive 0 from the day you were created until injustice was found within you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “since the day that I created you until I found injustice within you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 28 16 b582 figs-metaphor 0 you were filled with violence Yahweh speaks of the king of Tyre as if he were a container that was filled up with violence. The king is a synecdoche for himself and his people If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **violence**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “violent.” Alternate translation: “you and your people became completely violent” or “you and your peoplewere completely violent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 28 16 gp4k figs-metaphor 0 the fiery stones “the stones of fire.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 28:14](../28/14.md). This could mean: (1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [Ezekiel 28:13](./13.md) or (2) other fiery stones on the “holy mountain of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 28 17 s2ql figs-synecdoche 0 Your heart was arrogant Here the “heart” represents the whole person, emphasizing the person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “You were arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 28 17 mxj7 figs-abstractnouns 0 Your heart was arrogant with your beauty; you ruined your wisdom because of your splendor The abstract nouns “beauty,” wisdom” and “splendor” can be translated using the adjectives “beautiful,” “wise” and “splendid.” Alternate translation: “Your heart was arrogant because you were beautiful; you became unwise because you were so splendid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 28 17 q2gm 0 before kings “in front of kings “
EZK 28 18 abf7 figs-idiom 0 it will consume you “it will devour you.” The fire is spoken of here as if it was eating him up. Alternate translation: “it will burn you up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 28 18 iv3f figs-idiom 0 turn you into ashes This idiom means burning up until only ashes are left. Alternate translation: “burn you up to ashes” or “burn you up completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 28 20 en7r figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 28 21 ak8t 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 28 21 b4a7 translate-symaction 0 set your face against Sidon Sidon was far away, so Ezekiel could not see it, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/02.md). Alternate translation: “Turn toward Sidon and stare” or “stare toward Sidon so that the people there will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 28 21 tmx3 0 prophesy against “prophesy about the bad things that will happen to.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:7](../04/07.md).
EZK 28 22 a4g5 figs-activepassive 0 I will be glorified in your midst If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will reveal my glory among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 28 22 tv4z figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 28 22 pmu4 figs-abstractnouns 0 when I execute justice within you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “when I judge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 28 22 n4vt figs-activepassive 0 I will be shown to be holy in you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will use you to show you that I am holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 28 23 iqf4 figs-metaphor 0 blood in your streets Here “blood” refers to the blood of the people of Sidon and represents those whom their enemies would kill. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 28 23 j727 figs-nominaladj 0 the slain will fall Here “the slain” means the people of Sidon whom their enemies would kill. Alternate translation: “the slain people will fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
EZK 28 23 w5pj figs-metonymy 0 When the sword comes against you Here “sword” is a metonym for an attacking enemy army. Alternate translation: “When enemy armies attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 28 24 g3zp figs-metaphor 0 pricking briars and painful thorns for the house of Israel from all those around her who despise her people Here the briars and thorns represent what would cause suffering and pain. Alternate translation: “people anywhere around the house of Israel who wound them like briars, hurt them like thorns, and despise them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 28 24 me5p figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 28 25 m69d figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 28 25 g4tq figs-activepassive 0 among whom they were scattered This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “among whom I scattered them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 28 25 n75q figs-metonymy 0 my servant Jacob Here “Jacob” represents the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “the descendants of my servant Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 28 26 cn86 figs-abstractnouns 0 when I execute justice on all If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “when I judge all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 29 intro qm8t 0 # Ezekiel 29 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a prophecy against Egypt and its king, Pharaoh. Because Egypt did not fulfill its promise of protecting Judah, it will be conquered by Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
EZK 29 1 nk1i translate-ordinal 0 In the tenth year It can be stated clearly that this was the tenth year of Jehoiachin’s exile. Alternate translation: “In the tenth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 29 1 h48u translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the tenth month on the twelfth day of the month “on the twelfth day of the tenth month.” This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twelfth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 29 1 kjl4 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 29 2 xr1u 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 29 2 ere5 translate-symaction 0 set your face against Pharaoh This is a command to stare at Pharaoh as a symbol of punishing him and his people. Pharaoh was far away, so Ezekiel could not see him, but staring in his direction would be a symbol of harming him and his people. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/02.md). Alternate translation: “turn toward Pharaoh and stare” or “stare toward Pharaoh so that he and his people will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 29 2 tbn7 0 prophesy against him and against all of Egypt Alternate translation: “tell the terrible things that will happen to him and everyone in Egypt”
EZK 29 3 au6r writing-symlanguage 0 the great sea monster “the huge creature that lives in the water.” Yahweh calls Pharaoh a monster that lives in the water. The monster is probably a crocodile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
EZK 29 5 ks6e figs-activepassive 0 you will not be gathered nor lifted up If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The implication is that they would die in the wilderness. Alternate translation: “no one will gather you or pick you up” or “no one will gather your bodies and bury you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 29 6 csp3 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 29 6 kq2j figs-metaphor 0 they have been a reed stalk The word “they” refers to the inhabitants of Egypt. A reed stalk is unreliable because it is easily broken. Yahweh speaks of them as a reed stalk because the people of Israel relied on the Egyptians to help them in war, but the Egyptians did not help them. Alternate translation: “they have been as unreliable as a reed stalk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 6 n6x3 0 reed a plant that grows near water and looks like very large grass
EZK 29 6 z2bz 0 stalk the part of a reed that is long and like a thick stick. People can use them like sticks, but the stalks of reeds are not as strong as wood and can break suddenly.
EZK 29 7 nez2 figs-metaphor 0 When they took hold of you in their hand God speaks of Israel relying on Egypt as if they were taking hold of a reed stalk in order to use it as a crutch. Alternate translation: “When they relied on you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 7 lg5c 0 When they took hold of you The word “they” refers to the Israelites and the word “you” refers to Pharaoh or Pharaoh and Egypt.
EZK 29 7 xp6x figs-metaphor 0 you caused their legs to be unsteady Because Egypt did not help the Israelites, the Israelites could not defend themselves against their enemy, the Babylonians. God speaks of the Israelites being unable to defend themselves as if their legs were unsteady. Alternate translation: “you caused them to be like people whose legs are unsteady” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 8 k7e5 0 Behold! This word adds emphasis to what is said next. This is the Lord’s message to Pharaoh. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!”
EZK 29 8 s3py figs-metonymy 0 I will bring a sword against you Here “sword” is a metonym for battle, and “bring a sword against you” is a metaphor for causing an enemy army to come fight against Egypt. Alternate translation: “I will cause your enemies to come fight against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 29 8 pv3c figs-you 0 a sword against you The word “you” refers to the nation of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EZK 29 8 uq3i figs-metaphor 0 I will cut off both man and beast from you Here “cut off man and beast” is a metaphor for destroying the people and animals. God would do this by causing the enemy army to do it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 10 tiq2 0 I am against you and against your river The word “you” refers to Pharaoh. God speaks to Pharaoh as if Pharaoh were a monster in the river.
EZK 29 10 nz8i figs-personification 0 I will give the land of Egypt over to desolation and waste “I will put Egypt into the power of desolation and waste.” Desolation and waste are spoken of as if they were people who could be given power over Egypt. Alternate translation: “I will cause Egypt to become a desolate waste” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 29 10 r6rs figs-metonymy 0 you will become a wasteland Here “you” refers to Pharaoh and represents Egypt, the country he rules over. Alternate translation: “your country will become a wasteland” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 29 10 b3tw figs-merism 0 from the Migdol to Syene and the borders of Cush This refers to all of Egypt. Where these places are can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “throughout all of Egypt, from Migdol in the north to Syene in the south and the borders of Cush further south” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 29 10 va76 translate-names 0 Migdol This is the name of a place in the far northern part of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 29 10 lb1i translate-names 0 Syene This the name of a town in southern Egypt. It is now called Aswan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 29 10 vn8c translate-names 0 the borders of Cush These borders of Cush were south of Syene. Some versions say Sudan or Ethiopia, the modern names of countries south of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 29 11 dk5j figs-synecdoche 0 No man’s foot will pass through it Here “man’s foot” represents people. Alternate translation: “No man will walk through the land of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 29 11 x4yx figs-synecdoche 0 no wild animal’s foot will pass through it Here “animal’s foot” represents animals. Alternate translation: “not even a wild animal will walk through it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 29 12 b86m figs-abstractnouns 0 For I will make the land of Egypt a desolation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “desolate.” Alternate translation: “For I will make the land of Egypt desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 29 12 ef3g figs-metonymy 0 I will scatter Egypt among the nations Here “Egypt” represents the people of Egypt, and “scatter” represents causing them to move to other places. Alternate translation: “I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations” or “I will make the people of Egypt go and live among the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 13 kwt6 figs-metonymy 0 I will gather Egypt Here “Egypt” is a metonym for the people of Egypt, and “gather” is a metaphor for causing them to return to Egypt. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Egypt to return to Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 13 k5h2 figs-activepassive 0 among whom they were scattered This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “among whom I scattered them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 29 14 ae9f figs-metaphor 0 I will restore the fortunes of Egypt The phrase “fortunes of Egypt” is a metaphor for the people of Egypt who had been taken away to other countries. Alternate translation: “I will bring back the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 14 c3md translate-names 0 the region of Pathros the southern part of Egypt between the Delta and the land of Cush. This is also called Upper Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 29 14 ug87 figs-metaphor 0 a lowly kingdom Here “lowly” represents unimportant. Alternate translation: “an unimportant kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 15 bd7q figs-metaphor 0 the lowliest of the kingdoms Here “lowliest” represents least important. Alternate translation: “the least important of the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 15 ff4u figs-metaphor 0 it will not be lifted up any more among the nations Here “be lifted up” represents becoming important. Alternate translation: “it will not become important again among the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 15 grg4 figs-metaphor 0 I will diminish them “I will make them small.” Here “diminish them” represents making Egypt weak or unimportant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 16 p8ei figs-abstractnouns 0 The Egyptians will no longer be a reason for confidence for the house of Israel If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **confidence**, you can express the same idea with the verbs “trust” or “rely on.” Alternate translation: “The house of Israel will no longer trust in the Egyptians” or “The house of Israel will no longer rely on the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 29 16 r6x6 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel Here “house” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” or “the nation of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 29 16 e48h figs-explicit 0 they will be a reminder of the iniquity that Israel committed How Egypt would be a reminder can be stated clearly. The abstract nouns “reminder” and “iniquity” can be expressed with the verbs “remember” and “sin.” Alternate translation: “when Israel sees what I do to Egypt, Israel will remember how Israel sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 29 16 mh8u figs-metonymy 0 when they turned to Egypt for help Here “turn … for help” is a metonym for “ask … for help.” Alternate translation: “whenever they asked Egypt to help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 29 17 ch2l 0 it came about This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
EZK 29 17 gqc9 translate-ordinal 0 in the twenty-seventh year This was after King Jehoiachin and the people of Judah were taken as exiles to Babylon. Alternate translation: “in the twenty-seventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 29 17 wl2a translate-hebrewmonths 0 on the first of the first month “on the first day of the first month.” This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the beginning of April. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 29 17 awb7 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 29 18 t2q3 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 29 18 l44j figs-explicit 0 to do hard work against Tyre The kind of hard work they did can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “to work hard at attacking Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 29 18 u4f4 0 Every head was rubbed until it was made bald Either their helmets or the heavy things they carried on their heads rubbed the hair off their heads.
EZK 29 18 c9ej 0 every shoulder was made raw Either their armor or the heavy things they carried on their shoulders rubbed the skin off their shoulders. Alternate translation: “every shoulder was rubbed raw” or “every shoulder was rubbed bare”
EZK 29 18 f8rl figs-metaphor 0 he and his army received no payment from Tyre Here “payment” represents the valuable things that Nebuchadnezzar’s army would steal from Tyre as a reward for defeating it. God speaks of these things as if they were what God would pay them for working for him. Alternate translation: “he and his army did not get any valuable things from Tyre as reward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 19 kl6x figs-metaphor 0 I am giving the land of Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon Yahweh speaks of causing the army of Babylon to defeat Egypt as if God were giving Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: “I will cause the army of Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, to defeat Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 19 vlc7 figs-metaphor 0 that will be his army’s wages God speaks of these things that Nebuchadnezzar’s army would take as if they were what God would pay them for working for him. Alternate translation: “his army will receive those things as if they were payment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 20 g36f figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 29 21 i2nc figs-metonymy 0 I will make a horn sprout up for the house of Israel An animal horn represents the animal’s strength, so horn is a metonym for strength. God speaks of making Israel strong as if Israel were an animal, and he were to cause its horn to grow. Alternate translation: “I will make the people of Israel strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 21 uf1d figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. Here it refers to the people of Israel, the descendants of Jacob whom God called Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” or “the nation of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 30 intro pp8x 0 # Ezekiel 30 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The prophecy against Egypt and its king continues in this chapter. Babylon will destroy all the towns of Egypt and their allies will not be able to help them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
EZK 30 1 fl7h figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 30 2 v8k8 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 30 2 z93b figs-exclamations 0 Woe is the coming day This exclamation expresses the fear that people would feel about a certain day when terrible and frightening things will happen. Alternate translation: “Oh that day” or “Oh, what a frightening day is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
EZK 30 3 mf3g figs-explicit 0 The day is near for Yahweh It is implied that on that day, Yahweh will punish people. Alternate translation: “It will soon be the day when Yahweh will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 30 3 aq8x figs-metaphor 0 a day of clouds Dark storm clouds represent danger and fear. Alternate translation: “It will be like a day with dark clouds” or “It will be frightening like a day with dark clouds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 30 3 w6vn figs-abstractnouns 0 a time of doom for nations If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **doom**, you can express the same idea with the phrase “terrible things will happen.” Alternate translation: “a time when terrible things will happen to the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 30 4 sx35 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Egypt.
EZK 30 4 gs25 figs-metonymy 0 Then a sword will come against Egypt The word “sword” here represents war or an army that attacks. Alternate translation: “There will be war against Egypt” or “An enemy army will attack Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 30 4 d6ih figs-abstractnouns 0 there will be anguish in Cush If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anguish**, you can express the same idea in terms of how the people feel. Alternate translation: “the people of Cush will be very sad” or “the people of Cush will suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 30 4 j6k8 figs-activepassive 0 when her foundations are ruined This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the attackers destroy the foundations of the buildings in Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 30 5 kb1v figs-metonymy 0 Cush and Put, Lydia and all Arabia, and Libya These names refer to the people of these countries. Alternate translation: “The people of Cush and Put, Libya, and all Arabia, and Lydia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 30 5 xzs8 figs-metonymy 0 will all fall by the sword Here the sword represents battle. Alternate translation: “will all die in battle” or “will all die in the war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 30 5 p9mu figs-hyperbole 0 will all fall by the sword The word “all” here is a generalization. It means that many people will die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EZK 30 6 f8np 0 Yahweh says this “This is what Yahweh says.” This sentence introduces what the Lord would say.
EZK 30 6 hiz1 figs-metaphor 0 the pride of her strength will go down This represents Egypt no longer being proud of their strength. The reason that they will not be proud is that they will no longer be strong. Alternate translation: “Egypt will no longer be proud about being strong” or “Egypt will no longer have the strength that they were so proud of” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 30 6 a5nq figs-merism 0 From Migdol to Syene Ezekiel names towns on the borders of Egypt in order to refer to all of Egypt. Alternate translation: “In all of Egypt” or “From the northern border of Egypt to the southern border of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
EZK 30 6 jsk6 figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 30 7 tr5v 0 They will be appalled in the midst of the abandoned lands Alternate translation: “The soldiers of the allies of Egypt will be appalled when they are left surrounded by nothing but abandoned lands”
EZK 30 7 gsq4 0 in the midst of Alternate translation: “among” or “surrounded by”
EZK 30 7 rud4 figs-metaphor 0 their cities will be among all the ruined cities Being “among” the ruined cities represents being ruined like the ruined cities of other countries. Alternate translation: “their cities will be ruined like the cities of other countries” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 30 8 m675 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Egypt.
EZK 30 8 lss3 figs-explicit 0 they will know that I am Yahweh Yahweh is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated as similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “they will understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “they will realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 30 8 m7q3 figs-metonymy 0 when I set fire in Egypt Here “set fire in Egypt” represents sending an army to attack Egypt and set fires. Alternate translation: “when I send an army to burn Egypt with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 30 8 fe2h figs-activepassive 0 all of her helpers are destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I destroy all of the allies of Egypt” or “when armies destroy all of those who help Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 30 9 tb3u 0 messengers will go out from before me in ships to terrorize a secure Cush Messengers will bring the news of Egypt’s destruction to Cush, who will be frightened by the news.
EZK 30 9 q7r7 figs-abstractnouns 0 there will be anguish among them on the day of Egypt’s doom If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas behind the words **anguish** and **doom**, you can express the same ideas with the words “suffer” and “punish.” Alternate translation: “the people of Cush will also suffer when I punish Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 30 10 m1i8 0 by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar Here “the hand” represents Nebuchadnezzar’s military power. Nebuchadnezzar will be the one who brings this punishment about.
EZK 30 11 wyx4 figs-activepassive 0 He and his army with him … will be brought to destroy the land If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will bring Nebuchadnezzar and his army … to destroy the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 30 11 ysz6 figs-activepassive 0 He and his army … will be brought to destroy the land If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will cause him and his army … to go destroy the land of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 30 11 c3dg figs-abstractnouns 0 He and his army with him, the terror of nations Yahweh calls Nebuchadnezzar “the terror of the nations” because all of the nations are greatly afraid of his army. Alternate translation: “He and his army with him, the one who terrifies many nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 30 11 qe7v figs-metonymy 0 they will draw out their swords against Egypt Here “draw out their swords” represents fighting with their swords. Alternate translation: “they will use their swords and fight against Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 30 11 z8nw figs-hyperbole 0 fill the land with those who have been killed This is an exaggeration to show that the Babylonians will kill very many Egyptians. There will be so many dead Egyptians that it will seem that their dead bodies cover all of the land of Egypt. Alternate translation: “kill so many people that it will seem like dead bodies are everywhere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EZK 30 12 u41k 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Egypt.
EZK 30 12 uwr5 figs-metaphor 0 I will sell the land into the hand of wicked men Yahweh will give the Babylonians control over Egypt just as a person who sells something gives the one who buys it control over that thing. Alternate translation: “I will give control of the land to wicked men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 30 13 xdb6 translate-names 0 Memphis Memphis was a very important city in Egypt. It was near modern-day Cairo. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 30 13 p91i figs-metaphor 0 I will put terror on the land of Egypt Here “put terror on the land” represents causing the people of the land to be very afraid. Alternate translation: “I will make the people of Egypt very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 30 14 ewv2 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will execute acts of judgment on Thebes The phrase “acts of judgment” refers to punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish Thebes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 30 15 bb6y 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Egypt.
EZK 30 15 dgd8 figs-metaphor 0 For I will pour out my fury on Pelusium Here “pour out my fury” represents punishing the people because of his great anger. Alternate translation: “For I will act in great anger against Pelusium” or “Because I am so angry, I will punish Pelusium severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 30 15 qu8x figs-metaphor 0 cut off the multitude of Thebes Here “cut off” represents killing the people. Alternate translation: “kill the very large number of people in Thebes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 30 16 vd15 figs-idiom 0 Then I will set fire in Egypt Here “set fire” is an idiom meaning “start a fire.” Alternate translation: “I will start a fire in Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 30 16 i9pg figs-metonymy 0 Pelusium will be in great agony Here “Pelusium” is a metonym for the people of the city near Pelusium, and “be in great agony” can be translated with the verb “suffer.” Alternate translation: “The people of Pelusium will suffer terribly” or “The people of Pelusium will feel terrible pain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 30 16 dqz4 figs-activepassive 0 Thebes will be broken up If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “enemies will break up the walls and buildings in Thebes” or “enemies will destroy the Thebes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 30 16 e499 figs-metonymy 0 Memphis will face enemies every day Here “face enemies” represents seeing or having enemies. The name of the city is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “The people of Memphis will have enemies every day” or “Enemies will fight against the people of Memphis every day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 30 17 s7a4 figs-metonymy 0 will fall by the sword The word “sword” is used here to refer to a battle or war. Alternate translation: “will die in battle” or “will die in the war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 30 17 ht2j figs-metonymy 0 their cities will go into captivity Here “cities” represents the people of the cities. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **captivity**, you can express the same idea the more concrete noun “captive” or the verb “capture” Alternate translation: “the people of their cities will become captives” or “their enemies will capture their people and take them away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 30 18 mtp2 figs-personification 0 the day will hold back its light The day is spoken of as if it were able to keep its own light from shining. Alternate translation: “the day will be dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 30 18 pwv1 figs-metaphor 0 when I break the yoke of Egypt there The word “yoke” here refers to Egypt’s power to oppress people. Alternate translation: “when I stop Egypt from oppressing people” or “when I end Egypt’s power to cruelly control other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 30 18 e5mh figs-metaphor 0 the pride of her strength will be finished This represents Egypt no longer being proud of their strength. The reason that they will not be proud is that they will no longer be strong. Alternate translation: “Egypt will no longer be proud about being strong” or “Egypt will no longer have the strength that they were so proud of” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 30 18 ylq1 figs-metaphor 0 There will be a cloud covering her This could mean: (1) the dark cloud represents how sad the people of Egypt will feel. Alternate translation: “It will be as if there is a cloud over Egypt” or (2) there will be a cloud of dust over Egypt from everything that is destroyed. Alternate translation: “A cloud of dust will be over Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 30 18 mw36 0 her daughters This could mean: (1) the people of the Egyptian towns or (2) the daughters of the Egyptian people
EZK 30 19 hci1 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will execute acts of judgment in Egypt The phrase “acts of judgment” refers to punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish Egypt in many ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 30 20 v536 figs-parables 0 General Information: God speaks of making Pharaoh’s army weak as if he were to break Pharaoh’s arm, and of the army not being able to become strong again as if Pharaoh’s arm could not be healed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
EZK 30 20 x8fn writing-newevent 0 Then it came about This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EZK 30 20 tl8c 0 in the eleventh year This is the eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 26:1](../26/01.md).
EZK 30 20 gy39 translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the first month, in the seventh day of the month “in the seventh day of the first month.” This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The seventh day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 30 20 n3p5 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 30 21 qjk8 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 30 21 b22i figs-parables 0 I have broken the arm of Pharaoh Here “arm” represents the powerful army of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 30 21 ts3a figs-activepassive 0 It has not been bound up If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one has bound up his arm” or “No one has wrapped up his arm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 30 21 m4v7 0 or set to heal with a bandage Here “set to heal with a bandage” refers to the arm being wrapped tightly in a bandage so that the parts of the bone will stay together and heal.
EZK 30 23 tf9h figs-parallelism 0 scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them among the lands These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated similar phrases in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 30 25 rjv6 figs-metonymy 0 For I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon Here “arms” are a metonym for the army. Alternate translation: “I will make the army of the king of Babylon strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 30 25 wjm9 figs-metonymy 0 while Pharaoh’s arms will fall Here “Pharaoh’s arms” is a metonym for his army, and “will fall” represents being weak. Alternate translation: “but Pharaoh’s army will be unable to defeat enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 30 25 mku4 0 for he will attack the land of Egypt with it Alternate translation: “and the king of Babylon will attack the land of Egypt with my sword”
EZK 30 26 mv68 figs-parallelism 0 scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them through the lands These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated similar phrases in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 31 intro chn5 0 # Ezekiel 31 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The prophecy against Egypt and its king continues in this chapter. God told Egypt to remember what happened to Assyria when it became proud. This same things will now happen to Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
EZK 31 1 db1f 0 it came about This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
EZK 31 1 t3pb translate-ordinal 0 in the eleventh year “in year 11.” This means the eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 26:1](../26/01.md). Alternate translation: “in the eleventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 31 1 ghs3 translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the third month, on the first day of the month “on the first day of the third month.” This is the third month of the Hebrew calendar. This first day is near the beginning of June on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 31 1 kcs5 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 31 2 b3zm 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 31 2 d4m7 figs-rquestion 0 In your greatness, who are you like? “Who is as great as you are?” Yahweh uses this question to introduce a new topic. Pharaoh thought that his nation was the greatest, but God is about to talk about another great nation. Alternate translation: “You think that there is no country whose power is as great as the power of your country.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 31 3 x6wc figs-parables 0 General Information: These are God’s words to Pharaoh about Assyria. God gives his message in the form of a parable about a great cedar tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
EZK 31 3 a5an figs-parables 0 Assyria was a cedar In this parable, God speaks about Assyria as if it were a great tree to emphasize how great and powerful the Assyrians were. This parable continues until 31:9. Alternate translation: “Assyria was like a cedar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
EZK 31 3 dm9d 0 the branches formed its treetop Some versions of the Bible translate this as “the top of the tree was in the clouds.” Alternate translation: “its top was above the branches of the other trees”
EZK 31 4 hgu1 0 Many waters made it tall Alternate translation: “Because the cedar had a lot of water, it grew very tall”
EZK 31 4 g9yr 0 the deep waters made it huge Alternate translation: “the water deep in the ground made the cedar grow very big”
EZK 31 4 we7t 0 for their channels stretched out to all the trees in the field Alternate translation: “and streams flowed from the rivers to all the trees of the field”
EZK 31 5 i2i5 0 Its great height was more than any of the other trees in the field Alternate translation: “The cedar was taller than any of the other trees of the field”
EZK 31 5 a33e 0 its branches became very many Alternate translation: “it grew very many branches”
EZK 31 5 vt63 0 because of many waters as they grew Alternate translation: “because it had a lot of water”
EZK 31 6 p46h 0 Every bird of the heavens nested in its branches Alternate translation: “All kinds of birds that fly in the sky made nests in its branches”
EZK 31 6 xq9w 0 while every living thing of the field gave birth to its young under its foliage Alternate translation: “and all of the creatures that live in the field gave birth under the cedar’s branches”
EZK 31 6 v3e6 figs-metonymy 0 All of the many nations lived under its shade “All of the great nations lived in the shade of that tree.” Here “nations” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people from all the nations lived in the shade of that tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 31 7 at82 0 it was beautiful in its greatness and the length of its branches Alternate translation: “It was beautiful because it was very big and its branches were very long”
EZK 31 8 lcc8 figs-123person 0 Cedars in the garden of God could not equal it Since these were God’s words to Pharaoh, it can also be translated with the first person. Alternate translation: “The cedar trees in my garden were not as great as that tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 31 8 n5ax 0 the garden of God This is another way of referring to “the garden of Eden.”
EZK 31 8 hf16 figs-explicit 0 None among the cypress trees matched its branches Yahweh was comparing how many branches the trees had. Alternate translation: “None of the cypress trees had as many branches as the cedar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 31 8 ftl7 0 cypress trees Cypress trees have very many branches. They can grow very tall. See how you translated “cypress” in [Ezekiel 27:5](../27/05.md).
EZK 31 8 x9pl figs-explicit 0 the plane tree could not equal its boughs It was implied Yahweh was comparing the long branches of the cedar tree with the long branches of the plane tree. Alternate translation: “the plane tree did not have branches like the cedar tree” or “no plane tree had branches as long as the branches of the cedar tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 31 8 w3nx translate-unknown 0 plane tree A plane tree was a large, leafy tree with strong branches. It is similar to a sycamore tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EZK 31 10 faz5 figs-123person 0 Therefore the Lord Yahweh says this Since Yahweh is speaking this can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “Therefore, this is what I, Yahweh the Lord, say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 31 10 k9ew 0 it set its treetop between its branches Some versions of the Bible translate this as “the top of the tree was in the clouds.” Alternate translation: “its top was above the branches of the other trees”
EZK 31 11 px3j figs-metonymy 0 I have given it into the hand of a mighty one of the nations The word “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “I put it in the power of the strongest nation” or “I gave the strongest nation power over it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 31 12 m12k figs-abstractnouns 0 who were the terror of all the nations If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “afraid.” And here “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “who made the people of all the nations afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 31 13 uf9q 0 every animal of the field came to its branches Alternate translation: “the wild animals lived in the branches of the cedar”
EZK 31 14 gp3y 0 that no other trees that grow by the waters Alternate translation: “that no other trees that get a lot of water”
EZK 31 14 m4jh 0 will lift up their foliage to the height of the tallest trees Some Bibles translate this as “will set their tops among the clouds.” Alternate translation: “will grow taller than the branches of other trees”
EZK 31 14 wzz1 0 that no other trees that grow beside the waters will reach up to that height Alternate translation: “that no other trees that get a lot of water will ever grow that tall again”
EZK 31 14 s7d5 figs-activepassive 0 All of them have been assigned to death, to the earth below If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **death**, you can express the same idea with the verb “die.” Alternate translation: “For I made it so that they all will die and go deep under the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 31 14 atm7 0 among the children of humanity, with those that go down to the pit Alternate translation: “to be with those people who have died and gone down to the grave”
EZK 31 14 ne1g figs-metonymy 0 the pit This refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 26:20](../26/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 31 15 qq6r figs-idiom 0 On the day when the cedar went down to Sheol The phrase “went down to Sheol” means “died.” Alternate translation: “On the day that the cedar died” or “On the day that the cedar was chopped down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 31 15 ry34 figs-abstractnouns 0 I brought mourning to the earth If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **mourning**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I caused the earth to mourn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 31 15 xaz6 figs-metaphor 0 I covered the deep waters over it The word “covered” possibly refers to putting on clothes for mourning. Alternate translation: “I made the water from the springs mourn for the cedar” or “it was as though the springs that watered it mourned for it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 31 15 hv86 figs-abstractnouns 0 I brought mourning to Lebanon for him If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **mourning**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I made Lebanon mourn for the cedar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 31 16 i84r figs-idiom 0 when I threw it down to Sheol with those who went down into the pit Here “threw it down to Sheol” is an idiom that means to kill. “The pit” refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:14](../31/14.md). Alternate translation: “when I killed the cedar and it went to Sheol with everyone else that is dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 31 16 cc1y figs-idiom 0 in the lowest parts of the earth “that were already deep down in the ground.” This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that had already died and are now in Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 31 16 fpl1 0 the choicest and best trees of Lebanon; the trees that drank the waters “the best trees of Lebanon that everyone would want; trees that got a lot of water.” This is describing the trees of Eden that were in the lowest parts of the earth.
EZK 31 17 nmq8 figs-idiom 0 they also went down with it to Sheol Here “went down … to Sheol” is an idiom that means to die. Alternate translation: “those trees of Lebanon also died and went down to Sheol with the cedar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 31 17 pk4t figs-activepassive 0 who had been killed by the sword Here “sword” represents enemies who fought them in battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom enemies had killed with swords” or “who had died in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 31 17 j8k6 figs-metonymy 0 These were its strong arm “These trees of Lebanon were its strong arm.” The phrase “strong arm” represents “power.” Alternate translation: “These trees of Lebanon were the power of the cedar” or “These trees strengthened the cedar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 31 18 uk5x figs-rquestion 0 Which of the trees in Eden was your equal in glory and greatness? “Which of these trees in Eden had as much glory as you and was as great as you?” God asks Pharaoh this question to show him that the parable applies to him and his country. It can start with “So Pharaoh” or “So Egypt.” Alternate translation: “None of the trees in Eden was your equal in glory and greatness!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 31 18 el53 figs-activepassive 0 For you will be brought down If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “For I will bring you down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 31 18 m3da figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 32 intro vpr6 0 # Ezekiel 32 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The prophecy against Egypt and its king concludes in this chapter. Egypt will have its army destroyed, just as happened to so many other nations. Beginning in verse 1, the land of Egypt is addressed through Pharaoh, its king, so God refers to Egypt as “he” and “him.” However, beginning in verse 12, Egypt is referred to as “she” and “her,” as if she were a woman. It was common in Hebrew for lands and countries to be referred to as if they were women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 1 r6qy 0 Then it happened This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
EZK 32 1 esv2 translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the twelfth month … on the first of the month This is the twelfth and final month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the end of February. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 32 1 vh9u translate-ordinal 0 of the twelfth year This refers to the twelfth year of the reign of King Jehoiachin. Alternate translation: “of the twelfth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 32 1 alb1 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 32 2 l8pu 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 32 2 iu25 0 lift up Alternate translation: “sing”
EZK 32 2 w2mp 0 You are like a young lion … like a monster in the seas This could mean: (1) he thought he was like a lion, but he was really only a monster, or (2) he was like a lion and a monster.
EZK 32 2 u588 figs-simile 0 like a young lion among the nations Egypt was stronger than other nations, like lions are stronger than other animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 32 2 v3jk figs-simile 0 like a monster in the seas Pharaoh was powerful, but he only caused trouble for others, like this monster in the water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 32 2 ih5d 0 monster A monster is an animal that is big and dangerous. This one might be a crocodile. See how you translated this word in [Ezekiel 29:3](../29/03.md).
EZK 32 3 rvm9 0 The Lord Yahweh says this See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md).
EZK 32 3 e8fe figs-metaphor 0 So I will spread my net over you in the assembly of many peoples God’s punishment of Pharaoh is spoken of as if the king were the river monster caught in a net. Alternate translation: “So I will gather many peoples and throw my net over you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 4 y8ig 0 I will abandon you in the land “I will leave you helpless on the land.” The monster that was fearsome and powerful when it was in the water cannot do anything when it is left on dry land.
EZK 32 4 vq12 figs-activepassive 0 the hunger of all living animals on earth will be satisfied by you This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “I will let all the animals of the earth eat your body until they are hungry no longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 32 5 a9vx figs-explicit 0 your worm-filled corpse The worms help the dead body to rot. Alternate translation: “your rotting body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 32 6 jvz5 figs-activepassive 0 the stream beds will be filled with your blood This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “I will fill the streams with your blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 32 7 fg4i figs-metaphor 0 when I extinguish you It was common to speak of a person’s life as if it were a lamp that could be put out. Alternate translation: “When I destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 7 ih1k figs-metaphor 0 I will cover the heavens Yahweh speaks of making the stars dark as if he were putting a cover over the sky. Alternate translation: “I will make everything in the sky go dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 8 q8bu figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 32 9 t2sg figs-metonymy 0 I will terrify the heart of many peoples Here “heart” represents the people’s emotions. Alternate translation: “I will make the hearts of many peoples afraid” or “I will cause many people to be terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 9 j9w1 figs-metaphor 0 when I bring about your collapse among the nations The nation of Egypt, symbolized by its king, is spoken of as if it were a building that was collapsing. Alternate translation: “when nations hear about the way I destroyed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 10 nm9u figs-metonymy 0 when I swing my sword Here swinging a sword represents using the sword. Alternate translation: “when I use my sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 10 taf8 0 Every moment each one will tremble because of you Here “tremble” is an action that people often do when they are very afraid. Alternate translation: “Every one of them will keep shaking because of their fear”
EZK 32 10 j552 figs-metaphor 0 on the day of your downfall The idea of falling down (“downfall”) represents dying. Alternate translation: “when I destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 11 j9j7 figs-metonymy 0 The sword of the king of Babylon will come against you Here “sword” represents an army. Alternate translation: “The army of the king of Babylon will attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 12 l2us figs-abstractnouns 0 each warrior a terror of nations If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “terrifies” or “afraid.” Alternate translation: “Each warrior terrifies the nations” or “each one of them makes the nations afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 32 12 lft6 figs-abstractnouns 0 will devastate the pride of Egypt If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **pride**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “proud.” Alternate translation: “will cause the Egyptians to no longer be proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 32 12 i7f7 figs-hyperbole 0 destroy all of its multitudes Here “all” is probably a generalization that refers to the killing of large numbers of soldiers, and perhaps other people also. Alternate translation: “kill a very large number of people who live in Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EZK 32 13 cr7b figs-synecdoche 0 the foot of man will no longer stir the waters up The foot here is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “people will no longer stir the waters up with their feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 32 13 d8xw figs-metonymy 0 the hooves of cattle stir them The hoof is a synecdoche for cattle. Alternate translation: “cattle stir them with their hooves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 14 siz7 0 Then I will calm their waters This could mean: (1) “I will make the water calm” or (2) “I will make the water clear.” When no one stirs up the water, the dirt settles down and the water becomes clear.
EZK 32 15 p2d8 figs-activepassive 0 When I make the land of Egypt an abandoned place This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “When I make the land of Egypt a place where no one is living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 32 15 kg8c figs-metonymy 0 when I attack all the inhabitants in her Here the idea of attacking represents destroying. Alternate translation: “when I destroy all who live in her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 15 j4jw figs-metaphor 0 in her It was normal in biblical language to represent countries and lands as if they were women. Alternate translation: “in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 15 jpw4 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 32 16 lj5g figs-metaphor 0 over her It was normal in biblical language to represent countries and lands as if they were women. Alternate translation: “over it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 16 y6w8 0 over Egypt, over all her multitudes Alternate translation: “about Egypt, about all her multitudes” or “about the disaster that happened to Egypt, about the disaster that happened to all her multitudes”
EZK 32 17 hbi3 0 Then it happened This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new message. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
EZK 32 17 mmq4 figs-explicit 0 in the twelfth year This could mean: (1) This happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took the Israelites to Babylon or (2) this happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took Jehoiachin to Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 32 17 aud7 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 32 18 l4kp 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 32 18 uqn6 0 bring them down—her and the daughters of majestic nations God is perhaps telling Ezekiel to cause this to happen by giving a prophetic command.
EZK 32 18 x2hj 0 her Once again, the land of Egypt is referred to as a woman.
EZK 32 18 b9j9 figs-idiom 0 the lowest earth “to the places under the ground.” When people died, they were put in the ground. So “bring them down … to the lowest earth” means “make them die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 32 18 rhr2 figs-metonymy 0 the pit “The pit” refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:16](../31/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 19 b7dx figs-explicit 0 Are you really more beautiful than anyone else? Go down and lie down with the uncircumcised. This is a question and command that the prophet is to ask the Egyptians. Alternate translation: “Go down and lie down with the uncircumcised. Ask them all: ‘Are you really more beautiful than anyone else?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 32 19 a2ia figs-explicit 0 Go down It is implied that they must go down to Sheol. Alternate translation: “Go down to Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 32 19 jc5b 0 lie down as in death. If your language has a word for dead people lying down that is different from the word for live people lying down to sleep, use it here.
EZK 32 19 t65u figs-rquestion 0 Are you really more beautiful than anyone else? This question really makes a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not more beautiful than anyone else.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 32 20 f6rm figs-activepassive 0 who were killed by the sword The word “sword” is a metonym for a soldier who kills people with a sword.This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “whom enemy soldiers killed with swords” or “who died in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 20 lfy2 figs-metonymy 0 The sword has been drawn! The word “sword” here is a metonym for war that people fight with swords. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “War has begun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 32 20 d149 figs-activepassive 0 She has been given to the sword This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “I have given Egypt to the sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 32 22 sx45 figs-metaphor 0 Assyria is there with all her assembly The land of Assyria is represented as a woman. Alternate translation: “The people of Assyria and all its army are there in Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 22 sb68 figs-metonymy 0 all of them were killed by the sword The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “Soldiers used swords to kill them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 32 23 g6yx figs-metonymy 0 are set in the recesses of the pit “The pit” refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:18](../32/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 23 bp7y figs-activepassive 0 all of those who were killed, who fell by the sword This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “all those whom enemies killed in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 23 t3fw figs-euphemism 0 fell by the sword The word “fell” here is a euphemism for “died.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
EZK 32 23 qc35 figs-abstractnouns 0 those who brought terror on the land of the living If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “afraid.” Alternate translation: “those who, when they were still alive, caused people to be extremely afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 32 24 y3cg figs-metonymy 0 Elam is there Here “Elam” refers to the people of that country. Alternate translation: “The people of Elam are also there in Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 24 p6nh figs-activepassive 0 all of them were killed This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “Her enemies killed them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 32 24 p8l5 0 Those who fell by the sword Translate “who fell by the sword” as in [Ezekiel 32:23](../32/23.md).
EZK 32 24 bbe7 figs-metonymy 0 by the sword Here “the sword” is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. Alternate translation: “in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 24 ks5k 0 to the lowest parts of the earth “to places deep down in the ground” or “to the land deep down in the ground.” See how you translated “in the lowest realms of the earth” in [Ezekiel 26:20](../26/20.md).
EZK 32 24 jtw3 figs-abstractnouns 0 who brought their terrors If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terrors**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “afraid.” See how you translated “brought terror” in [Ezekiel 32:23](../32/23.md). Alternate translation: “those who, when they were still alive, caused people to be extremely afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 32 24 f2v2 figs-metonymy 0 the land of the living This represents the people who were alive. See how you translated “the land of the living” in [Ezekiel 32:23](../32/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 24 fl6f figs-metaphor 0 who carry their own shame Shame is spoken of as if it were an object that one could carry where he goes. Alternate translation: “who feel ashamed” or “who are now disgraced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 24 hj7r figs-metonymy 0 the pit “The pit” refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:23](../32/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 25 wxs6 figs-metaphor 0 They set a bedroll for Elam and all her multitudes Space being made in Sheol for the dead is spoken of as if the dead were given beds to lie on. Alternate translation: “They gave beds to Elam and all its people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 25 b2qh figs-explicit 0 All of them are uncircumcised The Israelites did not respect people who were not circumcised. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 32 25 t44i figs-metonymy 0 pierced by the sword, because The word “pierced” here is a metonym for “killed.” This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “their enemies have killed them with swords because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 25 wm2f 0 Elam is among all those who were killed This is very similar to the first part of the verse. Alternate translation: “The dead people gave Elam a place to lie among themselves”
EZK 32 26 yyc8 0 Their graves surround them See how you translated “her graves surround her” in [Ezekiel 32:22](../32/22.md).
EZK 32 26 cz8c figs-metonymy 0 killed by the sword Here “the sword” represents warfare. Alternate translation: “killed in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 26 f99x figs-abstractnouns 0 they had brought their terrors on the land of the living Causing people to fear is spoken of as if it were the act of bringing an object to them. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terrors**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “they terrified everyone in the land of the living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 32 27 yw5h figs-metaphor 0 their iniquities over their bones The warriors’ iniquities cover their bodies, although one would expect that their shields would cover them in death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 27 ib2c 0 they were the terror of warriors in the land of the living Alternate translation: “while they were still alive, they made other warriors very afraid”
EZK 32 27 h3q4 figs-metaphor 0 in the land of the living The time during which these warriors were living is spoken of as if it were a place. Alternate translation: “while they were alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 28 r4lz figs-activepassive 0 you … will be broken “Broken” here represents “destroyed.” This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “I will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 28 mq69 figs-metonymy 0 those who were pierced The word “pierced” here is a metonym for “killed.” This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:25](../32/25.md). Alternate translation: “those whose enemies have killed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 28 x2sa figs-metonymy 0 by the sword This represents being in warfare. Alternate translation: “in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 29 md54 figs-metonymy 0 Edom is there with her kings and all her leaders Here “Edom” represents all the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom are in Sheol with their kings and all their leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 29 s1gf figs-metonymy 0 the pit “The pit” refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:25](../32/25.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 30 ay1b figs-metonymy 0 had been pierced The word “pierced” here is a metonym for “killed.” This can be translated in active form. See how you translated similar words in [Ezekiel 32:25](../32/25.md). Alternate translation: “whom enemies had killed with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 30 a25h figs-metonymy 0 by the sword This represents being in warfare. Alternate translation: “in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 30 yq15 figs-metaphor 0 They carry their own shame Shame is spoken of as if it were an object that one could carry where he goes. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:25](../32/25.md). Alternate translation: “who feel ashamed” or “who are now disgraced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 30 tss7 0 the pit “The pit” refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:29](../32/29.md).
EZK 32 31 u77n figs-explicit 0 Pharaoh will look It can be made explicit who Pharaoh will see. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh will see all the dead people from other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 32 31 gyv1 figs-explicit 0 be comforted about all his multitudes It is implied that Pharaoh will be comforted because the armies of other great kings also died. Alternate translation: “will comfort himself that he was not the only king whose entire army died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 32 32 gpa3 0 I put him as my terrifying one in the land of the living Alternate translation: “While Pharaoh was still alive, I made him to terrify people”
EZK 32 32 xw85 figs-activepassive 0 he will be laid down in the midst of the uncircumcised This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “Others will lay him in the midst of the uncircumcised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 33 intro bez7 0 # Ezekiel 33 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Repentance<br><br>God does not want sinners to die. He wants them to repent and live. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
EZK 33 1 zsm8 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 33 2 ncc7 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 33 2 u95d figs-metonymy 0 a sword against any land The word “sword” refers to an enemy army that attacks. Also, “land” refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “an army to attack the people of any land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 3 j7l1 figs-metonymy 0 He looks for the sword Here “sword” represents an enemy army. Alternate translation: “He looks for an enemy army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 4 es87 figs-metonymy 0 each one’s blood is on his own head Here “blood” represents death. The phrase “on his own head” is an idiom that means the person will be held responsible. Alternate translation: “it is their own fault if they die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 33 5 j5px 0 his blood is on him Here “blood” represents a person’s death. The phrase “on him” is an idiom that means that person is considered responsible. Alternate translation: “it will be his own fault that he dies”
EZK 33 6 whv7 figs-metonymy 0 the sword as it is coming The word “sword” refers to an enemy army. Alternate translation: “the enemy army as it is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 6 i3vd figs-activepassive 0 with the result that the people are not warned If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he does not warn the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 33 6 n3dx figs-metonymy 0 the sword comes and takes anyone’s life Here “sword” represents an enemy army. Alternate translation: “the enemy army comes and kills anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 6 bt9e figs-metonymy 0 I will require his blood from the watchman Here “blood” represents a person’s death. The phrase “I will require his blood from” is an idiom that means to consider someone responsible. Alternate translation: “I will consider that person’s death to be the fault of the watchman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 33 7 wy4i figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 7 kx9j figs-metonymy 0 you will hear the words from my mouth and warn them on my behalf Here “mouth” represents what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “you will hear the message that I speak and you will warn them on my behalf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 8 xxx9 figs-metonymy 0 I will require his blood from your hand Here “blood” represents a person’s death. The phrase “require … from your hand” is an idiom that means to consider someone responsible. Alternate translation: “I will consider you responsible for his death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 33 9 bli4 figs-metaphor 0 he might turn back from it, and if he does not turn back from his way A person no longer behaving in a certain way is spoken of as if he physically turns and goes back on a path. Alternate translation: “he might stop doing bad things, and if he does not stop doing bad things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 33 10 s8vg figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 10 a75l figs-metaphor 0 Our transgressions and our sins are on us This could mean: (1) “on us” is a metaphor that means they feel guilty for their transgressions and sins or (2) “on us” is a metaphor that means they realize that Yahweh is punishing them for their transgressions and sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 33 10 m2e4 figs-metaphor 0 we are decaying in them “we are rotting away because of them.” Being destroyed because of sin is spoken of as if the person’s flesh were rotting. Alternate translation: “they are destroying us” or “they are killing us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 33 10 wd7m figs-rquestion 0 How can we live? The people ask this question to emphasize that they have no hope of living. Alternate translation: “We have no hope of living.” or “We will certainly die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 33 11 tlw1 figs-abstractnouns 0 I do not delight in the death of the wicked If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **death**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “die.” And the nominal adjective “the wicked” can be stated as “wicked people.” Alternate translation: “It does not make me happy when wicked people die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
EZK 33 11 e26x figs-metaphor 0 if the wicked repents from his way Here “way” represents how a person behaves. Alternate translation: “if the wicked person stops doing bad things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 33 11 r9qn figs-rquestion 0 For why should you die, house of Israel? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he does not want the people of Israel to die. Alternate translation: “Do not choose to die, house of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 33 12 lb73 figs-abstractnouns 0 The righteousness of a righteous person will not save him if he sins! If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “right.” It is implied that they will not be saved from God’s punishment. Alternate translation: “If righteous people start to sin, the fact that they did what was right before will not stop me from punishing them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 33 12 i4s7 figs-abstractnouns 0 The wickedness of a wicked person will not cause him to perish If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “wicked.” Alternate translation: “A person who does what is wicked will not perish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 33 13 j7tp figs-abstractnouns 0 if he trusts in his righteousness The person thinks that because he was righteous, Yahweh will not punish him, even if he sins. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “right.” Alternate translation: “if he depends on the right things he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 33 13 g3er figs-idiom 0 I will not call to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will not think about” or “I will not recall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 33 13 wz8k figs-abstractnouns 0 for the wickedness he committed If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “wicked” Alternate translation: “because of the wicked things he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 33 14 b6yl figs-nominaladj 0 to the wicked The nominal adjective “the wicked” can be stated as “the wicked person.” Alternate translation: “to the wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
EZK 33 15 bs3c 0 makes restitution for what he has stolen Alternate translation: “returns what he has stolen” or “pays back the value of what he stole”
EZK 33 15 a8pz figs-metaphor 0 walks in the statutes that give life Acting or behaving in a certain way is spoken of as if it were walking. Alternate translation: “lives according to the laws that give life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 33 16 t7vi figs-idiom 0 will be called to mind for him The phrase “call to mind” is an idiom that means to remember. The phrase “will be called” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will I think about” or “will I recall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 33 17 n2pn 0 your people These are the people of Israel. The word “your” refers to Ezekiel.
EZK 33 17 md4q figs-metaphor 0 The way of the Lord … your ways that are not fair Behaviors or actions is spoken of as if they were a way or road on which a person travels. Alternate translation: “What the Lord does … the things you do that are not fair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 33 17 ek62 figs-123person 0 but it is your ways The word “your” refers to the people of Israel. This can be stated in third person. Alternate translation: “but it is their ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 33 18 lm5w figs-metaphor 0 turns away from his righteousness No longer doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. Alternate translation: “stops doing what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 33 19 sj6g figs-metaphor 0 turns away from his wickedness No longer doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. Alternate translation: “stops doing wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 33 20 ml7h figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 21 f5bc 0 It happened This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
EZK 33 21 h8in translate-hebrewmonths 0 on the fifth day of the tenth month This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 33 21 b544 figs-exclusive 0 of our captivity Here “our” refers to Ezekiel and the Israelites who have been in Babylon since the time the Babylonians forced King Jehoiachin to leave Jerusalem, but not to the reader. Alternate translation: “after we became captives” or “after the Babylonians took us as captives to Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 33 21 t9rx 0 a fugitive came to me from Jerusalem “someone escaped from Jerusalem and came to me” The Babylonians had destroyed Jerusalem and killed the people of Jerusalem, but a few people escaped.
EZK 33 21 v51g figs-activepassive 0 The city has been captured The phrase “the city” refers to “Jerusalem.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Babylonians have destroyed Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 33 22 q98f figs-metonymy 0 The hand of Yahweh had been on me The word “hand” is often used to refer to someone’s power or action. A person with his hand on another person has power over that person. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh was controlling me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 22 hm5u figs-idiom 0 my mouth was opened This phrase is an idiom that means to be able to speak. It can be stated in active form. See how you translated “I will open your mouth” in [Ezekiel 3:27](../03/27.md). Alternate translation: “I was able to speak” or “Yahweh enabled me to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 33 22 inm6 0 dawn The word “dawn” refers to the time early in the morning when the light of the sun first appears.
EZK 33 22 v9lp 0 I was no longer mute “I was no longer forced to be silent” or “I was no longer unable to speak” Ezekiel had been unable to speak anything except prophetic words since [Ezekiel 3:26](../03/26.md).
EZK 33 23 n93e figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 33 24 db2d figs-metaphor 0 he inherited the land Yahweh giving the land to Abraham is spoken of as if Abraham inherited the land. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave him the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 33 24 x6je figs-activepassive 0 The land has been given to us If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given us the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 33 24 g3xl figs-abstractnouns 0 as a possession If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **possession**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “possess.” Alternate translation: “so that we can possess it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 33 25 iui8 figs-explicit 0 You eat blood It is implied that they eat blood by eating meat that still has blood in it. Yahweh had commanded them to drain out the blood. Alternate translation: “You eat meat with blood in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 33 25 il6d figs-idiom 0 you lift up your eyes towards your idols “you look to your idols” This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you worship your idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 33 25 dn3i figs-metonymy 0 you pour out people’s blood Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To pour out blood is an idiom that means to murder. Alternate translation: “you murder people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 33 25 b6mv figs-rquestion 0 Should you really possess the land? Yahweh used this question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “You should not possess this land!” or “You do not deserve this land!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 33 26 sg6t figs-metonymy 0 You have depended on your swords Here “swords” represent doing violent things. Alternate translation: “You have committed violent acts with your swords to get what you want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 26 f3xi figs-explicit 0 each man defiles his neighbor’s wife It is implied that they defile their neighbor’s wives by sleeping with them. Alternate translation: “each man sleeps with his neighbor’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 33 27 iv1s figs-idiom 0 As I live “As surely as I am alive.” Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 33 27 lsf9 figs-idiom 0 the ones in the ruins will fall by the sword The phrase “fall by the sword” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “enemies will kill the ones living in the ruins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 33 27 ixw1 0 those in fortresses and in caves will die of plagues Alternate translation: “plagues will kill the people who live in fortresses and caves”
EZK 33 28 pga2 figs-metonymy 0 the pride of its might will end The word “it” refers to the land, which refers to the people of the land. Alternate translation: “the people of the land will not be proud anymore that they are strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 28 e7dn figs-activepassive 0 the mountains of Israel will be deserted If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will live in the mountains of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 33 28 v97a 0 there will be no one to pass through them Alternate translation: “there will be no one left to travel through the land or over the mountains”
EZK 33 29 xsr3 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 33 29 wy3k figs-abstractnouns 0 all the abominations that they have done If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **abominations**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “things I hate.” Alternate translation: “all the things they have done that I hate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 33 31 pn5s figs-metonymy 0 Right words are in their mouths, but their hearts are going after unjust profit Here “mouths” represent speaking. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “They speak about loving me, but their hearts are going after unjust profit” or (2) Alternate translation: “They speak about the things they lust after, and their hearts are going after unjust profit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 31 d3vr figs-metonymy 0 their hearts are going after unjust profit Here “hearts” represents desire. Alternate translation: “in their hearts they want to get their unjust profit” or “they desire to get things in ways that are not just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 32 aks2 figs-metonymy 0 you are like a lovely song to them Here “you” refers to Ezekiel, and here he represents the message he speaks. This compares Ezekiel’s message to a lovely song, which means the people enjoy listening to him, but they do not think his message is important enough to obey. Alternate translation: “they think that your words are like a lovely song” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 33 32 ra8c figs-activepassive 0 that is well played on a stringed instrument If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that someone plays very well on a stringed instrument” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 34 intro lc2c 0 # Ezekiel 34 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God protects the people<br><br>God is against those who exploit others. He will protect and take care of his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>The people of Israel are compared to sheep and God and the son of David as good shepherds. This is a common metaphor in scripture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 1 uc2g figs-metaphor 0 General Information: In chapter 34, Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel were the shepherds that were supposed to care for the flock but have not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 1 bhs2 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 34 2 ej5p 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 34 2 vn6i figs-metaphor 0 the shepherds of Israel The leaders of Israel are spoken as if they were shepherds. They were supposed to take care of their people like shepherds take care of their flock. Alternate translation: “the leaders of Israel who are like shepherds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 2 g6f2 figs-metaphor 0 are shepherding themselves The leaders taking care of themselves instead of the people are spoken of as if they were shepherding themselves. AT “are feeding and taking care of themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 2 ws9p figs-rquestion 0 Should not shepherds guard the flock? Yahweh uses this question to scold the leaders for not taking care of the people. Alternate translation: “Shepherds should feed the flock and take care of it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 34 3 q9ux figs-metaphor 0 You eat the fatty portions … dress in wool This continues speaking of the leaders of Israel as if they were bad shepherds that kill the best animals in their flock for food and clothing. Alternate translation: “You are like shepherds who eat the fatty portions … dress in wool” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 3 nel9 figs-explicit 0 You eat the fatty portions The fatty portions come from the sheep and the goats. Alternate translation: “You eat the fatty parts of the sheep and goats” or “You eat the best parts of the sheep and goats” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 34 4 kdi1 0 You do not bind up the ones who are broken Alternate translation: “You do not wrap cloth around the broken bones of those who are wounded”
EZK 34 4 n8dd 0 the ones who are broken Alternate translation: “the sheep that have broken bones” or “the sheep that are injured”
EZK 34 4 jjd3 0 you do not restore Alternate translation: “you do not bring back”
EZK 34 4 n2a6 0 the outcasts Alternate translation: “the sheep that have been chased away” or “those that others have chased away”
EZK 34 4 ic6p figs-ellipsis 0 the lost The words “the sheep or goats” are left out of this phrase, but they are intended to be understood. Alternate translation: “the sheep or goats that are lost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
EZK 34 5 q6lk figs-activepassive 0 Then they were scattered without a shepherd If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then they scattered because they did not have a shepherd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 34 7 leq1 figs-idiom 0 hear the word of Yahweh This is an idiom that is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “listen to Yahweh’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 34 8 twl6 figs-activepassive 0 because my flock has become plunder and food for all the beasts in the fields This can be stated in the active form. Alternate translation: “because all the beasts in the fields steal my flock and eat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 34 8 yc8x figs-hyperbole 0 all the beasts in the fields Here “all” is a generalization that refers to all the wild animals that eat sheep. Alternate translation: “all the wild animals in the fields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EZK 34 9 k6pi figs-idiom 0 hear the word of Yahweh “listen to Yahweh’s message.” This is an idiom that is used to introduce a special message from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 34 10 tc6r figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 34 10 ygs2 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed!”
EZK 34 10 q2jt figs-idiom 0 I will require my flock from their hand The phrase “require … from their hand” is an idiom that means to hold or consider someone responsible for something. Alternate translation: “I will hold them responsible for all the bad things that happen to my flock” or “I will punish them for all the bad things they let happen to my flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 34 10 wm3e 0 I will dismiss them from shepherding the flock Alternate translation: “I will not let them shepherd the flock any longer” or “I will not let them be the shepherds of the flock any longer”
EZK 34 10 vs2t 0 shepherd themselves Alternate translation: “feed and take care of themselves”
EZK 34 10 tzt6 0 my flock will no longer be food for them Alternate translation: “the shepherds will no longer eat the sheep and the goats of my flock”
EZK 34 11 hn5p figs-123person 0 For the Lord Yahweh says this This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “For this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 34 11 l3df 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here alerts the shepherds to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 34 12 hyn7 figs-explicit 0 they were scattered It is implied that the animals in the flock scattered because they did not have a shepherd to care for them or protect them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they scattered because they did not have a shepherd to care for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 34 12 vtv8 figs-metaphor 0 on the day of clouds and darkness “on the cloudy and dark day.” Disasters are spoken of as if they were a day of darkness. Alternate translation: “when terrible disasters happened to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 13 j5tp figs-metaphor 0 I will put them in pastures … every settlement in the land Yahweh bringing his people back from exile to their land so that he can care for them and keep them safe is spoken of as if he were their shepherd who puts his flock in a place where there is plenty of land, food, and water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 15 zzp6 figs-rpronouns 0 I myself The word “myself” adds emphasis. God would do this because the shepherds were not doing it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
EZK 34 16 u7yj figs-ellipsis 0 the lost The words “the sheep or goats” are left out of this phrase, but they are intended to be understood. Alternate translation: “the sheep or goats that are lost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
EZK 34 16 xgj4 0 restore the outcast Alternate translation: “bring back those that others have chased away”
EZK 34 16 fzy3 0 bind up the broken sheep Alternate translation: “wrap a cloth around any sheep’s broken bone” or “wrap a cloth around any sheep’s wound”
EZK 34 16 bi2r figs-ellipsis 0 the fat and the strong The word “sheep” is understood. Alternate translation: “the fat sheep and the strong sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
EZK 34 17 iya2 0 rams and male goats The male sheep and goats are usually the strongest in the flock and can get whatever they want from the other animals in the flock.
EZK 34 18 fhe3 figs-rquestion 0 Is it not enough … feet God uses these questions to scold Israel’s leaders, who are spoken of as if they were the stronger animals in the flock that were unkind to the weaker ones. You can translate this as a statement as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 20 fe7l figs-123person 0 the Lord Yahweh says this This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 34 20 arq4 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed!”
EZK 34 20 aw86 figs-rpronouns 0 I myself The word “myself” emphasizes that it is Yahweh who will judge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
EZK 34 20 y9ed 0 will judge between the fat sheep and the thin ones Alternate translation: “will make sure that the fat sheep and goats and the skinny sheep and goats are treating each other fairly”
EZK 34 20 r517 figs-metaphor 0 the fat sheep and the thin ones The leaders and strong people in Israel are spoken of as if they were fat and strong animals in the flock. The poor and weak people in Israel are spoken of as if they were the thin and weak animals in the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 22 e57g figs-activepassive 0 they will no longer be plunder If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will not allow anyone to plunder them” or “I will not allow anyone to steal them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 34 22 j76i 0 will no longer be plunder “will no longer be things that are stolen.” The shepherds and wild animals have been stealing the sheep and the goats from Yahweh’s flock.
EZK 34 23 imy5 figs-idiom 0 I will set over them one shepherd The phrase “set over” is an idiom that means to cause a person to rule someone else. Alternate translation: “I will assign one shepherd to be in charge of my sheep and the goats” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 34 23 v2q3 figs-metonymy 0 my servant David Here “David” refers to a descendant of David. Alternate translation: “a descendant of my servant David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 34 23 yh5c figs-metaphor 0 He will shepherd them The descendant of David who will be king over the people of Israel is spoken of as if he would be their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 26 rf54 0 I will also bring blessings on them and on the places around my hill Some versions of the Bible translate this as “I will also turn them and the places around my hill into a blessing.”
EZK 34 27 gz6y figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 34 27 y578 figs-metaphor 0 when I break the bars of their yoke Slavery is spoken of as if it were a yoke that people wear like some animals. Alternate translation: “when I free them from being slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 27 c8kl figs-metonymy 0 from the hand of those who enslaved them Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the control of those who made them slaves” or “from those who made them slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 34 28 fz53 figs-metonymy 0 They will no longer be plunder for the nations Here “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “The people of the nations will no longer steal from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 34 28 v7ul 0 plunder These are things that are stolen or taken by force. See how you translated “plunder” in [Ezekiel 7:21](../07/21.md).
EZK 34 29 g731 figs-metonymy 0 they will not bear the scorn of the nations Here “nations” represents the people of the nations. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **scorn**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “they will no longer hear the people of the nations insult them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 34 30 s92f figs-idiom 0 I, Yahweh their God, am with them Here “I … am with them” is an idiom that means Yahweh helps them. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh their God, am helping them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 34 31 r38j figs-metaphor 0 For you are my sheep, the flock of my pasture This speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and Yahweh is their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 35 intro nzj1 0 # Ezekiel 35 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Edom<br><br>Because the people of Edom rejoiced at the destruction of Israel, they too will be destroyed.
EZK 35 1 e4ea 0 General Information: Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak a prophecy. Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir, but the message is for all of the people of Edom.
EZK 35 1 ir7d figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 35 2 dl8l 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 35 2 pzl8 translate-symaction 0 set your face against Mount Seir Mount Seir was far away, so Ezekiel could not see it, but Yahweh commands him to stare in that direction as a symbol of harming the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/02.md). Alternate translation: “turn toward Mount Seir and stare” or “stare toward Mount Seir so that the people there will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 35 2 xr3k figs-personification 0 Mount Seir and prophesy against it “the mountain of Seir.” Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to Mount Seir as if it could hear him. The message is for all of the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “Mount Seir and prophesy against it because of what the people of Edom have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 35 3 mle2 figs-personification 0 Behold! I am against you, Mount Seir, and I will strike you with my hand and make you a desolation and a waste Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to Mount Seir as if it could hear him. The message is for all of the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “Listen, Mount Seir, I will strike you with my hand and make you a desolation and a waste because of what your people did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 35 3 dn2p 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Listen!” or “Indeed!”
EZK 35 3 a49m figs-metonymy 0 I will strike you with my hand Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “I will use my power to strike you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 35 3 s7v8 figs-abstractnouns 0 make you a desolation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “make you desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 35 4 t23n figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 35 5 ix3r figs-metaphor 0 you poured them out into the hands of the sword This metaphor could mean: (1) “you gave them over to their enemies who killed them with swords” or (2) “you killed them with swords.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 35 6 ax82 figs-metonymy 0 I will prepare you for bloodshed Here “bloodshed” is a metonym for killing. Alternate translation: “I will make it easy for your enemies to kill many of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 35 6 rj8w figs-personification 0 bloodshed will pursue you Here “bloodshed” is a metonym for killing. Yahweh speaks of bloodshed as if it were a person who could chase them. Alternate translation: “your enemies will chase you down and kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 35 6 sr9i figs-metonymy 0 Since you did not hate bloodshed Here “bloodshed” is a metonym for killing. Alternate translation: “Since you did not hate it when enemies brutally killed the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 35 7 hhc6 figs-metaphor 0 when I cut off from it anyone who passes through and returns again This could mean: (1) “cut off” is a metaphor that means to destroy. Alternate translation: “I will destroy anyone who enters it or leaves it” or (2) “cut off” is a metaphor that means to stop someone from doing something. Alternate translation: “I will make it so that people do not travel back and forth through it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 35 8 wbp9 figs-activepassive 0 those who were killed by the sword Here “sword” represents enemies who fought them in battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:17](../31/17.md). Alternate translation: “those whom enemies have killed with swords” or “those who have died in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 35 9 xx8k figs-hyperbole 0 a perpetual desolation “desolate forever.” This may be an exaggeration to emphasize the destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EZK 35 9 hy7l figs-activepassive 0 Your cities will not be inhabited If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This may be an exaggeration for emphasis. Alternate translation: “People will not live in your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EZK 35 9 i7gc figs-you 0 but you will know Here “you” is plural. God is speaking to the people of Mount Seir, rather than to a single mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EZK 35 10 i7s4 figs-personification 0 You have said The word “You” refers to the mountain of Seir. Ezekiel is to speak to the mountain as if it can hear him. The message is for the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “Your people said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 35 10 cb3b 0 will become mine The word “mine” can be stated in plural form. Alternate translation: “will become ours”
EZK 35 10 we2l 0 we The word “we” refers to the people of Edom.
EZK 35 10 dw47 figs-explicit 0 even when Yahweh was present with them It is implied that Yahweh was protecting Israel and Judah. Alternate translation: “but Yahweh was there protecting Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 35 11 d51p 0 I will do according to your anger and according to your jealousy This could mean: (1) “I will punish you because of your anger and jealousy” or (2) “just as you acted against the people of Israel with anger and jealousy, I will act against you with anger and jealousy.”
EZK 35 12 y3tw figs-synecdoche 0 against the mountains of Israel Here “mountains” represents the whole land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 35 12 wts3 figs-activepassive 0 They have been destroyed This phrase can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They are in ruins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 35 12 uc8j figs-metaphor 0 they have been given over to us to devour The people of Mount Seir taking the land of Israel and using it for themselves is spoken of as if they were wild animals that would devour the mountains of Israel. Alternate translation: “they are here for us to devour” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 35 14 rhr8 figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 35 14 w5h5 figs-personification 0 I will make you a desolation Here “you” refers to Mount Seir, but the message is for the people of Edom. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because of what your people did I will make you desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 35 14 bfc7 figs-metonymy 0 the entire earth rejoices Here “earth” represents the people of the earth. The word “entire” is a generalization that refers only to people near Mount Seir. Alternate translation: “people who know that I have destroyed you rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 35 15 zg6c figs-metaphor 0 As you rejoiced over the inheritance of the people of Israel because of its desolation This speaks of the land that Yahweh gave to the Israelites as their inheritance. Alternate translation: “As you rejoiced when I made the land of the Israelites desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 35 15 et5r 0 I will do the same to you This could mean: (1) I will make your land desolate” or (2) “I will rejoice when your land is desolate” or (3) “I will make other people rejoice because of your desolation.”
EZK 36 intro i2lt 0 # Ezekiel 36 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel restored<br><br>Israel is promised to be restored by Yahweh. Because of his honor, God will bring Israel back to their land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])<br><br>### New hearts<br><br>God will forgive Israel’s sin and give them the desire to obey him. This is expressed by the metonym “heart.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
EZK 36 1 aj63 0 General Information: Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak a prophecy. Ezekiel is to speak to the mountains of Israel, but the message is for all of the people of Israel.
EZK 36 1 zh9m 0 son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
EZK 36 1 td84 figs-personification 0 prophesy to the mountains of Israel God wants Ezekiel to speak to the mountains as if they were people. The message is for the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 36 3 i87p figs-abstractnouns 0 Because of your desolation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “desolate.” Alternate translation: “Because you, mountains of Israel, have become desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 36 3 iz4b 0 because of the attacks that came on you from all sides Alternate translation: “because you were attacked from every direction” or “because your enemies attacked you from every direction”
EZK 36 3 x8k1 figs-synecdoche 0 you have been the subject of slanderous lips and tongues, and of people’s stories Here, “lips” and “tongues” represent people speaking. Alternate translation: “people are saying bad things about you, and the nations are telling bad stories about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 36 4 bmf4 figs-abstractnouns 0 the uninhabited desolations If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolations**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “desolate cities.” Alternate translation: “the desolate cities which have no people living in them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 36 4 f5ii figs-activepassive 0 the forsaken cities If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the cities that people have left behind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 36 5 wpy5 figs-metaphor 0 in the fire of my fury This speaks of Yahweh’s fury as if it were a fire. Yahweh loves Israel very much, so he becomes jealous and angry when other nations mock it. Alternate translation: “because of my intense jealousy” or “because of my very strong anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 5 suz3 figs-metonymy 0 had both joy in their heart and disdain in their spirit, as they seized my land Here “heart” and “spirit” represent a person’s inner being. The ideas of having joy and disdain can be expressed with the verbs “rejoiced” and “despised.” Alternate translation: “who despised the people of Israel and rejoiced while they took my land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 36 6 i6q1 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed!”
EZK 36 6 tf39 figs-doublet 0 In my fury and in my anger The words “fury” and “anger” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: “Because I am extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 36 7 knz2 translate-symaction 0 I myself will lift up my hand to swear Here “lift up my hand” is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 36 7 p342 figs-metaphor 0 that the nations that surround you will certainly carry their own shame The people experiencing shame are spoken of as if they will carry their shame. Alternate translation: “that people will certainly mock the nations that surround you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 7 udb7 0 surround you The word “you” refers to the mountains of Israel.
EZK 36 8 d5fx figs-synecdoche 0 you will grow branches and bear fruit Here “you” refers to the mountain of Israel which here represents the trees on the mountain that will grow fruit. Alternate translation: “your trees will grow branches and bear fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 36 9 a9fa figs-activepassive 0 you will be plowed and sown with seed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my people, Israel, will plow your ground and sow it with seed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 36 10 a95f figs-explicit 0 So I will multiply upon you Yahweh is speaking to the mountains. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “So, mountains of Israel, I will multiply upon you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 36 10 p4xl figs-metonymy 0 even the whole house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “all of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 36 10 anb9 figs-activepassive 0 The cities will be inhabited and the ruins rebuilt If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then people will live in the cities and will rebuild the ruins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 36 11 il6z figs-idiom 0 they will multiply and be fruitful Here “be fruitful” is an idiom that means to have many children and descendants. Alternate translation: “they will become very many people and have very many children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 36 11 xi5w figs-activepassive 0 you to be inhabited as you previously were If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people to live on you mountains as they did before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 36 11 b944 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 36 12 i87i figs-metaphor 0 They will possess you, and you will be their inheritance The people living in the mountains and land of Israel permanently is spoke of as if the people would inherit them. Alternate translation: “They will possess you permanently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 12 eb3n figs-explicit 0 you will no longer cause their children to die It is implied that in the past children died because there was not enough food in the land. Now the land would produce enough food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 36 13 vyl3 figs-metaphor 0 You devour men Not enough food growing in Israel so that people die is spoken of as if the mountains of Israel were devouring the people. Alternate translation: “You cause many people to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 14 db67 figs-metaphor 0 you will not consume people any longer Not enough food growing in Israel so that people die is spoken of as if the mountains of Israel were consuming the people. Alternate translation: “you will no longer cause the people to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 14 m67b figs-123person 0 This is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “This is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 36 15 e66b figs-personification 0 Nor will I allow you to hear the insults of the nations any longer This speaks of the mountains as if they were able to hear when people insult them. Alternate translation: “I will no longer allow the other nations to insult you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 36 15 ki16 figs-personification 0 you will no longer have to bear the shame of the peoples Experiencing shame is spoken of as if the mountains could bear shame. Alternate translation: “the peoples will no longer cause you to feel ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 16 nah7 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 36 17 cn2k 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 36 17 i756 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 36 17 ju92 figs-simile 0 Their ways were like the unclean menstruation of a woman before me This compares how the people behaved to a woman’s unclean menstruation rags. This emphasizes how disgusting their behaviors were to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Their ways were as disgusting to me as the unclean menstruation of a woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 36 18 fp47 figs-metaphor 0 I poured out my fury against them Yahweh punishing people because he is angry is spoken of as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out. Alternate translation: “I did things to them that showed how angry I was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 18 k9wm figs-idiom 0 for the blood that they poured out on the land This is an idiom that refers to killing someone. Alternate translation: “because they made the blood of many people spill onto the land” or “because they murdered many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 36 18 i8xk figs-metaphor 0 for their pollution of it by their idols The people worshiping idols is spoken of as if the idols made the land physically dirty. Alternate translation: “because they defiled the land with their idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 19 z49i figs-parallelism 0 I scattered them among the nations; they were dispersed through the lands These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/15.md). Alternate translation: “I caused them to separate and live in separate lands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 36 19 eyv2 figs-activepassive 0 they were dispersed through the lands If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I dispersed them through the lands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 36 19 m94f figs-doublet 0 their ways and their deeds Here “ways” and “deeds” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “the things that they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 36 20 k2jy figs-metonymy 0 they profaned my holy name Here “name” represents Yahweh and his reputation. Alternate translation: “they mocked me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 36 20 h8wp figs-rquestion 0 Are these really the people of Yahweh? The people use a question to express their surprise at what they saw. Alternate translation: “I cannot believe these are really the people of Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 36 20 j96q figs-activepassive 0 For they have been thrown out of his land If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh has forced them out of his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 36 21 yx4c figs-metonymy 0 But I had compassion for my holy name that the house of Israel had defiled among the nations, when they went there Here “name” represents Yahweh and his reputation. Alternate translation: “When the house of Israel went among the nations, they caused me disgrace, but I wanted people to know that I am holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 36 21 yc8n figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 36 22 e8nj figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 36 22 d6en figs-metonymy 0 but for my holy name, which you have profaned among the nations everywhere you have gone Here “name” represents Yahweh and his reputation. Alternate translation: “but so that the people of the nations, who mock me because of you, will know that I am holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 36 22 kw1p 0 you have profaned among the nations everywhere you have gone Alternate translation: “you have caused the people of the nations to mock everywhere you have gone”
EZK 36 25 w5ba figs-metaphor 0 I will sprinkle pure water on you so you will be purified from all of your impurities, and I will purify you from all of your idols Yahweh forgiving the people and causing them to no longer sin is spoken of as if he would cleanse them with water. The phrase “you will be purified” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will purify you as if I were sprinkling you with pure water, and I will cause you to stop worshiping idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 36 26 d81b figs-metaphor 0 I will give you a new heart and a new spirit in your innermost parts, and I will take away the heart of stone from your flesh. For I will give you a heart of flesh Yahweh causing the people to no longer be stubborn but to love and serve Yahweh is spoken of as if he will take away their old heart and give them a new heart and spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 26 hzb2 0 a new heart and a new spirit Here “heart” and “spirit” represent a person’s thoughts, attitudes, and emotions. See how you translated “heart” and “spirit” in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md).
EZK 36 26 al9g figs-metaphor 0 the heart of stone This speaks of people being stubborn as if their hearts were made of stone. See how you translated “stone heart” in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). Alternate translation: “the heart that is as hard as stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 26 f9ag figs-metaphor 0 a heart of flesh People being willing to serve Yahweh is spoken of as if their hearts were soft like flesh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). Alternate translation: “a heart that is soft like flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 27 u62l figs-metaphor 0 enable you to walk in my statutes A person acting or behaving in a certain way is spoken of is if it were a person walking. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:20](../11/20.md). Alternate translation: “enable you to obey my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 29 ct8f figs-metaphor 0 For I will save you from all of your uncleanness Something that is unacceptable to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “For I will save you from everything that made me reject you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 29 xjw7 figs-personification 0 I will summon the grain “I will call the grain to come.” This phrase presents the grain as a servant of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will cause there to be grain in the land of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 36 29 b8fw figs-metaphor 0 I will no longer put famine upon you Yahweh causing a famine in the land is spoken of as if he put famine on the people. Alternate translation: “I will no longer cause there to be a famine” or “I will no longer cause there to be no food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 30 a3wr figs-metaphor 0 you will no longer bear the shame of famine among the nations Experiencing shame is spoken of as if the people had to carry the shame. Alternate translation: “the nations will no longer make you feel ashamed because you suffer from famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 32 eh72 figs-activepassive 0 let this be known to you “know this” or “you can be sure of this.” Yahweh says this to emphasize that it is not because the people are good that he will restore them. This phrase can be moved to the beginning of the verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 36 32 r8xf figs-doublet 0 So be ashamed and disgraced The words “ashamed” and “disgraced” share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the intensity of the shame. Alternate translation: “So be very ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 36 32 fy8l figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 36 34 g51f figs-metonymy 0 before the eyes of all who pass by The eyes represent sight. Alternate translation: “to those who pass by and see it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 36 35 d5pg 0 Then they The word “they” refers to the people who walk through the land of Israel.
EZK 36 35 iu1m figs-activepassive 0 that were torn down If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “that enemies had torn down” or (2) Alternate translation: “that people could not get into” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 36 35 n817 figs-activepassive 0 are now fortified and inhabited If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people have now rebuilt them and have started living there again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 36 37 qz48 figs-metonymy 0 I will be asked by the house of Israel Here “house” represents people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel will ask me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 36 37 l77n figs-metaphor 0 to increase them like a flock of people Yahweh causing the people to multiply greatly and quickly is spoken of as if they were a flock of sheep. Sheep multiply very quickly. Alternate translation: “to make them multiply like a flock of sheep” or “to make the people multiply quickly like sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 38 e5pt figs-activepassive 0 Like the flock is set apart for sacrifices, like the flock in Jerusalem at her appointed feasts The phrase “is set apart” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Like the great number of sheep that the people set apart for sacrifices or bring to Jerusalem for the appointed feasts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 36 38 g2vl figs-metaphor 0 so will the ruined cities be filled with flocks of people This speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so will the great number of people be who will be living in the cities that are now ruined but the people will rebuild” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 37 intro y7ac 0 # Ezekiel 37 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel restored<br><br>God will unite the two kingdoms of Israel and Judah and the Messiah will rule over them. This will come in a prophesied day of restoration. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>The people are discouraged and compare themselves to skeletons, but God will cause them to become a nation again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 37 1 pqu1 figs-metonymy 0 The hand of Yahweh was upon me The word “hand” is often used to refer to someone’s power or action. A person with his hand on another person has power over that other person. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh was controlling me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 37 3 h9dr 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 37 5 ns2x 0 to put breath into you The noun “breath” can be stated as the verb “breathe.” Alternate translation: “I will cause you to breathe”
EZK 37 5 xr2z 0 breath The Hebrew word translated as “breath” in these verses is translated as “spirit” by a few modern versions. It is also translated as “wind” in [Ezekiel 37:9](../37/09.md).
EZK 37 6 q7zv figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 37 7 b696 figs-activepassive 0 as I was commanded If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “as Yahweh had commanded me to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 37 8 nh22 0 sinews This refers to the parts of human bodies that are like hard strings and hold the bones and muscles together. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 37:6](../37/06.md).
EZK 37 8 h4m2 0 But there was still no breath in them The noun “breath” can be stated as the verb “breathing.” Alternate translation: “But they were not breathing” or “But they were not alive”
EZK 37 9 un53 figs-idiom 0 from the four winds “from the four directions that the wind can blow in.” This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “from every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 37 9 j4v7 figs-activepassive 0 these who have been killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “these people that enemies and disasters have killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 37 10 mfz1 figs-activepassive 0 as I was commanded If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “as Yahweh had commanded me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 37 11 g4u1 figs-metonymy 0 the entire house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 37 11 bx5a 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed!”
EZK 37 11 exq9 figs-metaphor 0 We have been cut off The people being destroyed and removed from their land is spoken of as if they had been cut off like a person would cut off a branch or piece of cloth. Alternate translation: “Our nation is destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 37 12 yi78 figs-metaphor 0 I will open your graves and lift you out from them Yahweh restoring the people and bringing them back to their land is spoken of as if he will bring them back to life again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 37 14 fz8x figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 37 15 ck45 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 37 16 anu2 0 For Judah Here “For” means “representing.” Alternate translation: “Representing Judah” or “Belonging to Judah”
EZK 37 16 q4el figs-synecdoche 0 Judah The tribe of Judah lived in the southern kingdom of Israel which was called Judah. Here the name is used to refer to the whole southern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 37 16 fbx2 0 the people of Israel, his companions This refers to the Israelites who lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. Alternate translation: “all the tribes of Judah” or “the tribes of Israel who are part of the kingdom of Judah”
EZK 37 16 bsf9 figs-synecdoche 0 For Joseph, the branch of Ephraim Joseph was Ephraim’s father. The tribe of Ephraim lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. Here the names are used to represent the whole northern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 37 16 c2dw 0 all the people of Israel, their companions This refers to the Israelites who lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the tribes of Israel” or “the Israelites who were part of the kingdom of Israel”
EZK 37 19 yen5 0 Behold! This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!”
EZK 37 19 j32z figs-metonymy 0 the branch of Joseph “the stick of Joseph.” This represents the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 37 19 fg3s figs-metonymy 0 that is in the hand of Ephraim The word “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “that is in the power of Ephraim” or “that the tribe of Ephraim rules over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 37 19 c3zl 0 the tribes of Israel his companions Alternate translation: “the other tribes of Israel who are his companions” or “the other tribes of Israel who are part of that kingdom”
EZK 37 19 pkm7 figs-metonymy 0 the branch of Judah “the stick of Judah.” This represents the kingdom of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 37 20 bc67 figs-synecdoche 0 before their eyes Here the people are represented by their “eyes” to emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: “while they watched you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 37 24 n6lq figs-metonymy 0 David my servant Yahweh said “David” to refer to a descendant of David. See how you translated “my servant David” in [Ezekiel 34:23](../34/23.md). Alternate translation: “A descendant of my servant David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 37 24 k8cn figs-metaphor 0 one shepherd over them This speaks of a king ruling a people as if he were a shepherd leading sheep. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 34:23](../34/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 37 24 d25p figs-metaphor 0 will walk according to my decrees This speaks of acting or behaving in a certain way as if it were a person walking. Alternate translation: “will live as I have commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 37 26 x8gl 0 a covenant of peace “a covenant that brings peace.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 34:25](../34/25.md).
EZK 37 26 py7v figs-explicit 0 I will establish them It was implied that Yahweh would establish them in the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “I will set them in the land of Israel” or “I will cause them to live securely in the land of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 38 intro fn3k 0 # Ezekiel 38 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section prophesying against Gog. Later Gog will try to conquer Israel.
EZK 38 1 y6kr figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 38 2 er1m translate-symaction 0 set your face toward Gog, the land of Magog, the chief prince … Tubal This is a command to stare at Gog and Magog as a symbol of punishing the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/03.md). Alternate translation: “Stare at the land of Magog and at Gog, the chief prince … Tubal” or “Stare at Gog, the chief prince … Tubal, and at the land of Magog so that they will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 38 2 f2v4 figs-metonymy 0 set your face Here “face” is a metonym for attention or gaze, and “set your face” represents staring. Alternate translation: “stare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 38 2 ugx2 figs-explicit 0 Gog, the land of Magog It is implied that Magog is the land over which Gog rules. Alternate translation: “Gog who rules over the land of Magog” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 38 2 e6y7 translate-names 0 Gog This is the name of a leader or king who ruled in the land of Magog. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 38 2 v7t6 0 Magog This is the name of an ancient nation that was probably located in the land that is now Turkey. Magog might be the ancient nation of Lydia.
EZK 38 2 sz93 figs-explicit 0 the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal This expression occurs twice in these verses. Some modern versions, however, interpret the Hebrew expression as “the chief of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal.” This is another title for Gog. Alternate translation: “who is the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 38 3 aqh7 0 Behold! This emphasizes the importance of the statement that follows. It can be translated as “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!”
EZK 38 3 w9nd figs-idiom 0 I am against you This idiom means “I am your enemy.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 38 4 l3f7 0 General Information: These verses list the various nations who will join Gog’s army.
EZK 38 4 g7yk figs-metaphor 0 set hooks in your jaw Here “hooks in your jaw” represents God’s control over Gog. People put hooks in the mouths of animals so that they could lead the animals wherever they wanted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 38 7 aiw5 0 your troops assembled with you Alternate translation: “all of your troops that you have gathered to yourself” or “all of your army that you have brought together for yourself”
EZK 38 8 j5c1 figs-activepassive 0 You will be called If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will call you to come for war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 38 8 qh5r figs-metonymy 0 recovered from the sword Here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “recovered from war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 38 8 ttc8 figs-activepassive 0 that has been gathered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that I have gathered together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 38 8 vjl9 figs-activepassive 0 the land’s people will be brought out If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will bring the Israelites out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 38 9 evz1 figs-simile 0 you will go up as a storm goes This simile means Gog will bring destruction like a large storm does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 38 9 rk79 figs-simile 0 a cloud covering the land This simile means the army will be so large that it will cover the entire land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 38 10 k46y figs-doublet 0 plans will form in your heart … you will devise wicked schemes These phrases mean the same thing and can be combined into a single phrase. Alternate translation: “you will plan to do something very evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 38 10 dyu8 figs-metonymy 0 plans will form in your heart Here “heart” refers to his thinking. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will think of plans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 38 11 d5i1 figs-synecdoche 0 I will Gog will not do these things alone. His army will do most of them. Alternate translation: “My army and I will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 38 12 jp1c figs-doublet 0 capture booty and steal plunder These phrases mean the same thing and can be combined into a single phrase. Alternate translation: “take away all their valuable possessions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 38 12 hq4u figs-metonymy 0 bring my hand Here “hand” refers to Gog’s military power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 38 12 ib94 figs-metonymy 0 against the ruins Here “ruins” refers to the people who live in the destroyed cities. Alternate translation: “against the people who live in the ruins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 38 13 zl51 figs-rquestion 0 Have you come to plunder? Have you assembled your armies … to haul away much plunder? These two questions are used to accuse Gog of attacking Israel without cause. These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “It is not right for you to assemble your army to plunder, to carry off silver and gold, to take their livestock and property, and to haul away much plunder!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 38 13 kc59 figs-doublet 0 to take their livestock and property … to haul away much plunder These phrases have similar meaning and can be combined into a single phrase. Alternate translation: “to take away their livestock and all their valuable possessions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 38 14 p7li 0 son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
EZK 38 14 tne1 figs-rquestion 0 On that day … learn about them? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Gog will indeed hear about the people living in Israel. Alternate translation: “On that day, when my people Israel are living securely, you will hear about them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 38 16 rg6b figs-simile 0 like a cloud that covers the land This simile means the army will be so large that it will cover the entire land. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 38:9](../38/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 38 16 yc4c 0 In the latter days This refers to the distant future before the world ends. Alternate translation: “In the last days” or “At the end of time” or “In the distant future”
EZK 38 16 a64a 0 In the latter days … to be holy before their eyes All the nations will understand that Yahweh is holy when they see what he does to Gog.
EZK 38 17 ax3d figs-rquestion 0 Are you not the one … bring you against them? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he was the one who brought Gog to the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “You are the one … bring you against them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 38 17 ul36 figs-metonymy 0 by the hand of my servants Here “hand” refers to the fact that these prophets wrote down Yahweh’s message. Alternate translation: “by means of my servants” or “through my servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 38 18 rv8e figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 38 18 ae9z figs-metaphor 0 my wrath will mount up in my anger Here “mount up” means “rise up” and expresses that his wrath will increase. The words “wrath” and “anger” mean the same thing and emphasize how intense his anger will be. Alternate translation: “my anger will greatly increase” or “I will be very angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 38 19 j5u1 0 In my zeal Here “zeal” refers to Yahweh’s desire to defend his honor against Gog’s attacks.
EZK 38 19 edr8 figs-metaphor 0 in the fire of my anger The intensity of Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if it were as hot as fire. Alternate translation: “because my anger was intense” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 38 20 dxl2 figs-activepassive 0 The mountains will be thrown down If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will make mountains fall down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 38 21 r65t figs-metonymy 0 I will summon a sword against him The word “sword” here is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. Alternate translation: “I will cause soldiers to attack him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 38 21 j5w2 figs-metonymy 0 each man’s sword will be against his brother Here “sword” is a metonym for the person who uses the sword to fight. Alternate translation: “all of his soldiers will fight each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 38 22 p1s8 figs-metonymy 0 I will judge him by plague and blood Here “blood” is a metonym for injury and death. Alternate translation: “I will judge him by causing him to be sick and by sending soldiers to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 38 22 kw69 0 overflowing rain and hailstones and burning sulfur I will rain down upon him It may be helpful to change the order of this sentence. Alternate translation: “I will rain down overflowing rain and hailstones and burning sulfur upon him”
EZK 38 23 b4wq figs-abstractnouns 0 show my greatness and my holiness The abstract nouns “greatness” and “holiness” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “show that I am great and holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 38 23 a9ff figs-metonymy 0 I will make myself known in the eyes of the many nations Here “eyes” refers to sight, which is a metonym for understanding. Alternate translation: “I will cause many nations to understand who I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 38 23 v92x figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 39 intro m8b8 0 # Ezekiel 39 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter concludes the prophecy against Gog. God will destroy Gog and his army.
EZK 39 1 f9pu 0 son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
EZK 39 1 pml6 0 Behold! This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!”
EZK 39 1 z228 figs-explicit 0 chief of Meshech and Tubal Some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression as “prince of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal.” This is another title for Gog. See how you translated these names in [Ezekiel 38:2](../38/02.md). Alternate translation: “who is the prince of Meshech and Tubal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 39 2 c7g3 figs-metaphor 0 I will turn you and lead you on God speaks of leading Gog as if Gog was an animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 39 2 mi4j 0 bring you up God speaks of bringing Gog “up” to Israel because it was located in the mountains.
EZK 39 3 x72x figs-metaphor 0 I will knock your bow out of your left hand and make the arrows fall from your right hand. Knocking Gog’s bow and arrows out of his hands is spoken of as if God is destroying Gog’s military power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 39 4 cy17 figs-doublet 0 your troops and the soldiers These refer to the same people. It can be stated as a single phrase. Alternate translation: “all your soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 39 4 z24v figs-metaphor 0 I will give you to the birds of prey and the wild beasts of the fields for food The scavengers eating the corpses is spoken of as if Yahweh was giving food to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 39 5 e2qj figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 39 6 li1j figs-metonymy 0 I will send out fire on Magog This could mean: (1) Yahweh will send literal fire down on Gog and his army or (2) “fire” is a metonym for the destruction that it causes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 39 6 f28e 0 Magog This is the name of an ancient nation that probably lived in the land that is now Turkey. Magog might be the ancient nation of Lydia. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 38:2](../38/02.md).
EZK 39 6 me83 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 39 7 j1lr figs-metonymy 0 I will make my holy name known in the midst of my people Israel Here the metonym “my holy name” refers to Yahweh’s character. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will make my people, Israel, know that I am holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 39 8 y96a 0 Behold! This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!”
EZK 39 8 k6bb figs-doublet 0 is coming … will take place These two phrases have similar meaning and emphasize the fact that this will really happen. Alternate translation: “is surely going to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 39 9 t6ss figs-doublet 0 to kindle and make fires These two phrases mean the same thing. The Israelites will use the wood from the weapons as kindling for fires. Alternate translation: “to start fires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 39 9 jr6e 0 small shields, large shields, bows, arrows, the clubs and spears This list includes all the typical weapons of war of that day. It may represent weapons in general.
EZK 39 9 k28p 0 clubs wooden sticks used as a weapon
EZK 39 10 f3tl figs-doublet 0 wanted to take … wanted to plunder Here “to take” and “to plunder” mean the same thing. Gog intended to take Israel’s possessions, but Yahweh prevented him so that he was not able to do that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 39 10 l3cu 0 will plunder … wanted to plunder Translate “plunder” as in [Ezekiel 23:46](../23/46.md).
EZK 39 12 k8kx figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 39 12 pj7n figs-explicit 0 will bury them in order to purify the land In Jewish law, a dead body defiled anything it touched and made it “unclean.” Burying these bodies is spoken of as cleansing or purifying the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 39 13 glw5 figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 39 14 u5jz 0 those who were traveling through, but who died and their bodies remained on the surface of the land This refers to the dead bodies of Gog’s soldiers whom Yahweh killed as they entered the land.
EZK 39 14 gq5f figs-explicit 0 to cleanse the land In Jewish law, a dead body defiled anything it touched and made it “unclean.” Burying these bodies is spoken of as cleansing or purifying the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 39 14 tmp9 translate-ordinal 0 seventh month This “seventh” is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 39 15 ijs9 0 any human bone Bones would be all that remained of the corpses after a period of time.
EZK 39 15 h1r4 0 they will put a marker by it, until gravediggers come and bury it There are apparently two groups of men. The first will mark the location of corpses, and the second group will bury them.
EZK 39 16 b339 figs-explicit 0 purify the land In Jewish law, a dead body defiled anything it touched and made it “unclean.” Burying these bodies is spoken of as cleansing or purifying the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 39 16 ufn6 translate-names 0 Hamonah This name means “Great Army.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 39 17 v4w4 0 son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
EZK 39 17 fx3j 0 to the sacrifice “to the feast” or “to the slaughter.” Yahweh means that he will give the birds and animals a very good meal and not that he is worshiping them.
EZK 39 18 fiv2 figs-irony 0 they will be rams, lambs, goats, and bulls Yahweh is speaking with irony. Normally people sacrificed animals to God. Here, God is sacrificing people to animals. Alternate translation: “as if they were male sheep, lambs, goats, and bulls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
EZK 39 18 st13 figs-activepassive 0 they were all fattened in Bashan That can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they all became fat while grazing in Bashan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 39 19 pmw3 figs-abstractnouns 0 to your satisfaction If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **satisfaction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “until you are satisfied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 39 19 blj8 figs-abstractnouns 0 until drunkenness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **drunkenness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “until you become drunk” or “until you are intoxicated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 39 20 d3da figs-metonymy 0 chariot The metonym “chariot” refers to the men in the chariots. Alternate translation: “chariot driver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 39 20 m7yt figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 39 21 j63v figs-metaphor 0 I will set my glory among the nations Yahweh speaks of his glory as if he will place it in the middle of the nations where they can see it. Alternate translation: “I will make the nations see my glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 39 21 bf91 figs-doublet 0 my judgment that I perform and my hand that I have set against them Both of these phrases refer to the punishment that Yahweh will inflict upon Israel and are repeated for emphasis. They can be combined into a single phrase. Alternate translation: “the way that I will judge them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 39 21 ff98 figs-metonymy 0 my hand Here the metonym “hand” refers to Yahweh’s power that he uses to bring punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 39 22 hgr4 figs-metonymy 0 The house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 39 23 wt66 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 39 23 t9rz figs-abstractnouns 0 because of their iniquity by which they betrayed me If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **iniquity**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “because they sinned and betrayed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 39 23 ltf2 figs-idiom 0 I hid my face from them Here “face” refers to Yahweh’s help and protection. Alternate translation: “I stopped protecting them and taking care of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 39 23 pwc9 figs-metonymy 0 gave them into the hand of their adversaries Here the metonym “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “gave their enemies power over them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 39 23 ba77 figs-metonymy 0 all of them fell by the sword Here falling represents being killed, and the sword represents battle. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:23](../32/23.md). Alternate translation: “their enemies killed them all in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 39 24 b2rs figs-metaphor 0 their uncleanness and their sins This speaks of the people’s disgusting behavior as if they were physically unclean. Here “uncleanness” means basically the same as “sins.” Alternate translation: “their disgusting behavior and their sins” or “their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 39 25 rb2h 0 will restore the fortunes of Jacob Translate “will restore the fortunes” as in [Ezekiel 16:53](../16/53.md). However, some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression here as “will bring Jacob back from captivity.”
EZK 39 25 f9gp figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 39 26 x3gv 0 they will bear their shame and all the treason Experts do not agree on the meaning of this phrase. This could mean: (1) “they will regret their shame and all the treason” or (2) “they will forget their shame and all the treason.”
EZK 39 27 gzg6 figs-metonymy 0 I will show myself to be holy in the sight of many nations Here “sight” is a metonym for understanding. Alternate translation: “many nations will understand that I am holy because of what I did for the house of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 39 28 k5li 0 I sent them into captivity … I will gather them back to their land At the time when Ezekiel wrote, Israel was still in captivity in Babylon.
EZK 39 29 rdl6 figs-idiom 0 I will no longer hide my face from them Here “no longer hide my face” is an idiom that means Yahweh will not continue to abandon Israel to exile in Babylon. Alternate translation: “I will no longer abandon them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 39 29 lz2m figs-metaphor 0 when I pour out my Spirit on the house of Israel Here to give the Spirit abundantly is spoken of as to “pour out” the Spirit. Alternate translation: “when I generously give my Spirit to the house of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 39 29 z9b1 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 39 29 jha5 figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 40 intro w1r3 0 # Ezekiel 40 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### The new temple and city<br><br>In a vision, Ezekiel saw a man measuring the wall of a new temple. The next chapters will give precise measurements for the construction of a temple to be built. This was not the temple of Ezra’s day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
EZK 40 1 c448 translate-ordinal 0 twenty-fifth … tenth … fourteenth These words are the ordinal forms of 25, 10, and 14. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 40 1 i9cg figs-explicit 0 of our captivity Here “our” refers to Ezekiel and the Israelites who have been in Babylon since the Babylonians forced King Jehoiachin to leave Jerusalem, but not to the reader. Alternate translation: “after we became captives” or “after the Babylonians took us as captives to Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
EZK 40 1 jqw4 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the beginning of the year on the tenth day of the month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is in April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 40 1 l36p figs-activepassive 0 the city was captured This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonians captured the city of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 40 1 y8a6 0 the hand of Yahweh Here “hand” refers to Yahweh’s power to show Ezekiel supernatural visions. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:3](../01/03.md).
EZK 40 3 w6wn figs-abstractnouns 0 His appearance was like the appearance of bronze If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The way he appeared was like the way bronze appears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 40 4 s9t4 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 40 4 et9i figs-idiom 0 fix your mind on This idiom means “pay attention to” or “think about.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 40 4 j47s figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 40 5 p1bk translate-bdistance 0 Each long cubit was a cubit and a handbreadth in length Each “long cubit” was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of “cubits” as the UST does. Alternate translation: “These were the long cubits, which were the length of a regular cubit plus a handbreadth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 40 5 q72n translate-bdistance 0 a handbreadth “the width of a hand.” This was about 8 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 40 6 u8ev 0 one stick “it was one stick wide.” This was about 3.2 meters.
EZK 40 6 ihb5 0 the temple gate that faced east This gate was part of the wall that surrounded the temple area. It was not part of the temple building itself. Alternate translation: “the gate on the eastern side of the wall surrounding the temple” or “the gate on the eastern wall of the temple courtyard”
EZK 40 7 n8vq 0 there were five cubits between any two of the chambers Alternate translation: “the chambers next to each other were five cubits apart” or “there were five cubits between a chamber and the one next to it”
EZK 40 7 pzy7 0 the chambers Alternate translation: “the rooms”
EZK 40 7 pqx5 0 portico This was a covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
EZK 40 8 f4pi 0 portico This was a covering in front of a doorway or gateway with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
EZK 40 8 e848 0 one stick See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md).
EZK 40 9 i2wc 0 the portico of the gate facing the temple Here “facing the temple” means that the portico was attached to the gate in the temple courtyard. Alternate translation: “the portico of the gate on the inner side of the wall that surrounded the temple”
EZK 40 14 xi48 0 portico This was a covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
EZK 40 16 pz45 0 each jamb jambs are the sides of a wooden frame of a door
EZK 40 17 hc2u 0 General Information: There were two walls surrounding the temple. The outer wall surrounded the outer courtyard, and within that, the inner wall surrounded the inner courtyard. The inner courtyard was higher than the outer courtyard. Each wall had gates on the east, north, and south sides.
EZK 40 17 xg3a 0 the man brought me to the outer courtyard of the temple Alternate translation: “The man brought me from outside the temple area into the outer courtyard of the temple”
EZK 40 17 tph1 translate-numbers 0 with thirty rooms next to the pavement “and there were 30 rooms all around the pavement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZK 40 19 mlw7 0 the front of the lower gate to the front of the inner gate The lower gate was on the wall of the outer courtyard, and the inner gate was on the wall of the inner courtyard. Alternate translation: “the front of the outer gate to the front of the inner gate”
EZK 40 19 dsn2 0 the same on the north side Alternate translation: “it was the same on the north side” or “on the north side, the distance from the outer gate to the inner gate was also one hundred cubits”
EZK 40 22 l4p5 0 Its windows The word “Its” refers to the gate that was on the north side of the outer courtyard. Alternate translation: “The northern gate’s windows”
EZK 40 22 lh6i 0 corresponded to the gate that faced east Alternate translation: “were like those of the eastern gate” or “were like those of the eastern gate of the outer courtyard”
EZK 40 23 nnq1 0 in front of the gate facing north Alternate translation: “directly across from the northern gate” or “across the outer courtyard from the northern gate”
EZK 40 23 iqj4 0 the gate facing north Alternate translation: “the gate on the northern side of the outer courtyard”
EZK 40 23 abw3 0 just as also there was a gate to the east Alternate translation: “just as there was a eastern gate to the inner courtyard” or “just as there was a gate to the inner courtyard in front of the eastern gate”
EZK 40 38 wb45 0 they rinsed the burnt offerings Here, the word **they** could mean: (1) the people who were bringing offerings or (2) the priests who killed the animals.
EZK 40 39 k2nh figs-activepassive 0 the burnt offering was slaughtered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they killed the burnt offering” or “they killed the animals that they would burn as an offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 40 42 p8pq figs-explicit 0 There were four tables of cut stone These were apparently different tables than the eight tables on which the sacrifices were killed. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “There were also four tables of cut stone” or “There were four other tables made of cut stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 40 43 a4as 0 Two-pronged hooks a handbreadth in length were fastened in the portico all around Alternate translation: “All around the portico, people had attached hooks that were a handbreadth long and had two prongs each”
EZK 40 43 kg7r figs-activepassive 0 the flesh of the offerings would be put on the tables If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they would put the flesh of the offerings on the tables” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 40 44 sw8j 0 singers’ chambers “rooms for singers.” However, some ancient and modern versions read only “chambers” without the reference to singers.
EZK 40 44 j5e2 figs-ellipsis 0 one on the north side facing south, and the other on the south side facing north The word “chamber” or “room” is understood from the previous phrase. The phrase “facing south” means that its door is on its south side, and “facing north” means that its door is on its north side. Alternate translation: “one room on the north side facing south, and the other room on the south side facing north” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
EZK 40 45 udd6 0 This room facing south This refers to the chamber on the north side of the inner courtyard. Alternate translation: “This room whose door is on its south side” or “This room on the north side of the inner courtyard”
EZK 40 46 dz6w 0 The room facing north This refers to the room on the south side of the inner courtyard. The door of the room was on the north side of the room. Alternate translation: “This room whose door is on its north side” or “This room on the south side of the inner courtyard”
EZK 41 intro unn8 0 # Ezekiel 41 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. This chapter focuses on the courtyard of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
EZK 41 1 w4s3 0 the temple’s holy place the room in the temple in front of the “most holy place”
EZK 41 1 rh4q 0 six cubits in width on either side These cubits were the “long” cubits ([Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md)), 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). “they were six cubits in width on both sides”
EZK 41 1 f5xb translate-bdistance 0 six cubits about 3.2 meters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 41 1 e7wk translate-bdistance 0 cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 41 2 xq2i translate-bdistance 0 ten cubits about 5.4 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 41 2 n3vw translate-bdistance 0 five cubits about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 41 3 ay36 translate-bdistance 0 two cubits about 1.1 meter (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 41 3 g9y3 translate-bdistance 0 cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 41 3 j4ib translate-bdistance 0 six cubits about 3.2 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 41 5 mj6n translate-bdistance 0 six cubits about 3.2 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 41 5 j1kj translate-bdistance 0 cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 41 6 p4m5 0 There were ledges around the wall of the house “The house had ledges all around for the side rooms all around.” This way the side rooms could rest on the ledge of the wall.
EZK 41 6 u4ci 0 for there was no support put in the wall of the house “for there were no supports in the wall of the house.” The people who built the temple did not want stones or wood that would support the side rooms to be sticking out from the wall of the sanctuary.
EZK 41 8 w315 translate-bdistance 0 cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 41 8 jcs8 translate-bdistance 0 six cubits about 3.2 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 41 9 wf7d translate-bdistance 0 five cubits about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 41 10 s7ml translate-bdistance 0 cubits See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 41 11 hej8 0 The width of this open area was five cubits all around Alternate translation: “The entire space between the chambers and the temple was five cubits wide, all around the temple”
EZK 41 12 y1mz 0 The building that faced the courtyard on the west side was seventy cubits in width This can be stated as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “There was a building on the west side of the temple area, and its entrance was towards the courtyard. It was seventy cubits in width”
EZK 41 12 h18c translate-bdistance 0 seventy cubits … five cubits … ninety cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). “70 cubits…5 cubits…90 cubits” or “about 38 meters … about 2.7 meters … about 49 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 41 13 lhy2 translate-bdistance 0 one hundred cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). “100 cubits” or “about 54 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 41 15 bak3 0 the galleries “the balconies.” The balconies were places that were built higher up than the rest of the building. People could go into balconies and look down on the main floor of the building.
EZK 41 15 w8jr translate-bdistance 0 one hundred cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). “100 cubits” or “about 54 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 41 22 fh5t figs-abstractnouns 0 the wooden altar in front of the holy place, which was These words are the end of the sentence that begins with the words “Their appearance was like the appearance of” in verse 21. This sentence could mean: (1) as it is translated in the ULT or (2) “The appearance of one was like the appearance of the other. The wooden altar in front of the holy place was.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “They appeared the same way the wooden altar in front of the holy place appeared. They were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 41 22 lqs8 translate-bdistance 0 three cubits … two cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 1.6 meters … about 1.1 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 41 23 wx5m 0 There were double doors for the holy place and the most holy place Alternate translation: “The holy place and the most holy place both had two doors”
EZK 41 24 p6xg 0 These doors had two hinged door panels each “Each door had two parts that were on hinges.” Hinges connect doors to the wall and allow the doors to swing.
EZK 41 24 eq5j 0 two panels for one door and two panels for the other Alternate translation: “both of the doors for both the holy place and the most holy place had two parts”
EZK 41 25 ik75 0 just as the walls were decorated Alternate translation: “just as the walls also had carvings of cherubim and palm trees”
EZK 41 25 fd1y 0 portico covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
EZK 42 intro u94p 0 # Ezekiel 42 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. This chapter focused on the storerooms for keeping the holy things of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
EZK 42 2 b17d translate-bdistance 0 one hundred cubits … fifty cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “100 cubits…50 cubits” or “about 54 meters … about 27 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 42 3 xw1y translate-bdistance 0 twenty cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “20 cubits” or “about 11 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 42 3 hd41 0 Some of those rooms faced the inner courtyard Alternate translation: “Some of those rooms were toward the inner courtyard” or “The entrance of some of those rooms was toward the inner courtyard”
EZK 42 3 yg73 0 were open to them Alternate translation: “looked out onto the inner courtyard”
EZK 42 3 jwp5 0 having a walkway Alternate translation: “because there was a place where one could walk along the rooms”
EZK 42 3 im4u 0 Some of the rooms looked out onto the outer courtyard Alternate translation: “Some of the rooms were toward the outer courtyard” or “The entrance of some of the rooms was toward the outer courtyard”
EZK 42 4 k5dr translate-bdistance 0 ten cubits … one hundred cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “10 cubits…100 cubits” or “about 5.4 meters … about 54 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 42 7 p1zj translate-bdistance 0 fifty cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “50 cubits” or “about 27 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 42 8 fs43 translate-bdistance 0 fifty cubits … one hundred cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “50 cubits…100 cubits” or “about 27 meters … about 54 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 42 11 enm6 figs-abstractnouns 0 They were as the appearance of the rooms on the northern side If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The way the rooms on the northern side appeared was the way these rooms appeared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 42 16 e5i4 translate-bdistance 0 five hundred cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “500 cubits” or “about 270 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 42 20 kh7v translate-bdistance 0 five hundred cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “500 cubits” or “about 270 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 43 intro n8nq 0 # Ezekiel 43 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. God entered the temple. He told the people not to defile the temple by being idol worshipers or by having the funerals of their kings in the temple courtyard. He also told them what offerings to make each day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
EZK 43 2 qi98 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here alerts the reader to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 43 2 e4w7 0 many waters This simply means “a lot of water.” It could refer to a loud river or a large waterfall or the waves crashing at the ocean. All of these are very loud. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:24](../01/24.md).
EZK 43 3 bi4l 0 It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw, according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city This could mean: (1) the second phrase beginning with “according to” explains the meaning of the first phrase beginning with “according to.” Alternate translation: “It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city” or (2) the first phrase refers to the vision that Ezekiel had just seen of God’s glory. Alternate translation: “The appearance of this vision that I saw was according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city”
EZK 43 3 s248 figs-abstractnouns 0 according to the appearance of the vision If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “just like what appeared in the vision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 43 3 akc5 figs-synecdoche 0 when he had come to destroy the city “when the God of Israel had come to destroy the city.” If the earlier Hebrew reading “when I had come to destroy the city” is used, then “destroy the city” is a synecdoche for “prophesy that the city will be destroyed.” Alternate translation: “when I had come to prophesy that the city will be destroyed” or “when I had come to prophesy that the God of Israel will destroy the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 43 7 p4vj figs-metaphor 0 the corpses of their kings The idols that the people’s kings worshiped are spoken of as if they are corpses because the idols are not alive. Alternate translation: “the lifeless idols that their kings worshiped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 43 8 lyg4 0 disgusting actions “the disgusting things they did.” God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:9](../05/09.md).
EZK 43 8 c7nz figs-idiom 0 consumed them with my anger The phrase “consumed” here means “completely destroyed.” Alternate translation: “completely destroyed them because I was angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 43 9 mkm1 figs-metaphor 0 the corpses of their kings The idols that the people’s kings worshiped are spoken of as if they are corpses because the idols are not alive. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:7](../43/07.md). Alternate translation: “the lifeless idols that their kings worshiped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 43 11 e5qp figs-synecdoche 0 before their eyes Here the Israelites are referred to by their “eyes” to emphasize what they see. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:6](../21/06.md). Alternate translation: “before them” or “before the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 43 12 yaf4 0 Behold! “This is important!” Your language may have a way of indicating that the words that follow are important.
EZK 43 13 s3d3 translate-bdistance 0 a cubit Each “long cubit” was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of “cubits” as the UST does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 54 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 43 13 mj2w translate-bdistance 0 one span A span was 23 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of “cubits” as the UST does. Alternate translation: “about 23 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 43 14 uab7 translate-bdistance 0 two cubits … four cubits Each “long cubit” was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of “cubits” as the UST does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 1.1 meters … about 2.2 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 43 15 spz8 translate-bdistance 0 four cubits Each “long cubit” was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of “cubits” as the UST does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 2.2 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 43 16 xxn8 translate-bdistance 0 twelve cubits Each “long cubit” was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of “cubits” as the UST does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 2.2 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 43 17 erf8 translate-bdistance 0 fourteen cubits … a half cubit … a cubit Each “long cubit” was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of “cubits” as the UST does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 7.6 meters … about 27 centimeters … about 54 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 43 17 swm9 0 with its steps facing east Alternate translation: “with steps on the east side of the altar” or “and the altar’s steps are on its east side”
EZK 43 18 t97x 0 he said Alternate translation: “Yahweh said”
EZK 43 18 g966 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 43 18 e9g4 0 the regulations Alternate translation: “the rules” or “the instructions”
EZK 43 19 kl54 figs-you 0 You will The word “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EZK 43 19 q7f2 figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 43 20 w2ku figs-you 0 Then you will take The word “you” is singular. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:19](../43/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EZK 43 20 d2gh 0 four horns The horns were the parts of the altar at the four corners of the altar that stuck up above the rest of the altar. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:15](../43/15.md).
EZK 43 22 wq8s figs-pronouns 0 you will offer The word “you” and the command refer to Ezekiel and so are singular. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:19](../43/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EZK 43 23 du6v figs-pronouns 0 you finish … offer All instances of “you” and the commands refer to Ezekiel and so are singular. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:19](../43/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EZK 43 24 i436 0 Offer them before Yahweh The altar on which they will sacrifice the bull and ram is in front of the temple, where the presence of Yahweh dwells.
EZK 43 25 kse4 figs-pronouns 0 You must prepare This is spoken to Ezekiel and so the word “You” is singular. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:19](../43/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EZK 43 27 w2ig 0 it will come about that This phrase is used here to mark an important part of the instructions. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
EZK 43 27 c3ch figs-pronouns 0 your burnt offerings … your peace offerings … accept you The words “your” and “you” are second person plural and refer to the people of Israel in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EZK 44 intro jl5n 0 # Ezekiel 44 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. Foreigners and the Levites who have worshiped idols are not allowed in the temple. The priests alone will do the temple work. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
EZK 44 2 n9ff figs-activepassive 0 it will not be opened This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will open it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 44 3 pv9b 0 He will enter by way of the gate’s portico and go out the same way He will enter the courtyard through another gate and then sit in the portico of the east gate and eat.
EZK 44 3 x28c 0 portico covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. In this case, the portico opens into the courtyard and is between the entrance to the temple and the inside of the gate. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
EZK 44 4 sbu8 figs-idiom 0 I fell to my face “I bowed down to the ground” or “I lay on the ground.” Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 44 5 ws2h figs-idiom 0 set your heart “pay attention to” or “think about.” Translate as you translated “fix your mind on” in [Ezekiel 40:4](../40/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 44 6 zau2 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 44 6 az1c 0 Let all of your disgusting actions be enough for you Alternate translation: “Your disgusting actions have been more than enough for you” or “You have done far too many disgusting deeds”
EZK 44 10 p8aq figs-metaphor 0 went far from me … wandered away from me, going after their idols The way a person lives is spoken of as walking on a path. Alternate translation: “stopped worshiping me … stopped doing what I wanted them to do. Instead, they worshiped their idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 44 11 bkp6 0 are servants in my sanctuary Alternate translation: “will be the servants in my temple”
EZK 44 11 mm2d 0 watching the gates of the house Alternate translation: “performing guard duty at the gates of the house”
EZK 44 11 x5sq 0 they will stand before the people and serve them Alternate translation: “these Levites will stand before the people, so that they can serve the people”
EZK 44 12 q5px figs-metaphor 0 became stumbling blocks for sin for the house of Israel A person who causes another person to sin is spoken of as if he were something on a path over which people stumble. Alternate translation: “became people who caused the house of Israel to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 44 12 z6se figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 44 12 vr22 translate-symaction 0 I will lift up my hand to swear an oath In those days a person would raise his right hand to show that he realized that God would punish him if he did not do what he swore to do. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 20:6](../20/06.md). Alternate translation: “I will solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 44 12 pf4z figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 44 12 q681 figs-abstractnouns 0 they will bear their punishment If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **punishment**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will certainly punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 44 13 ae27 0 They will not come near “I will not permit them to come near.” Yahweh does not want them to come to him the way a servant comes to a king to receive commands, as the descendants of Zadok will do ([Ezekiel 40:46](../40/46.md)).
EZK 44 13 wq95 0 disgusting actions “the disgusting things you do.” God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:9](../05/09.md).
EZK 44 14 u8yv figs-activepassive 0 that is done in it This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that they need to do in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 44 22 u2pa figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 44 24 ubl2 0 In a dispute they will stand to judge with my decrees Alternate translation: “When people are arguing, they will be the ones who decide who is right by applying my laws”
EZK 44 27 zz6v figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 44 28 gcp2 figs-pronouns 0 you The word “you” refers to the people of Israel and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
EZK 44 28 p1ts 0 in Israel Alternate translation: “in the land of Israel”
EZK 44 30 f4lm 0 every contribution, anything from all of your contributions Alternate translation: “every gift of whatever kind from all your gifts” or “all gifts of every sort of all of your gifts”
EZK 44 30 k6ar figs-idiom 0 so that blessing may rest on your house This phrase means “so that I will bless your family and everything that belongs to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 44 31 ydb2 figs-activepassive 0 or animal torn by a beast, whether bird or beast This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “or any creature that a bird or a wild animal has torn apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 45 intro csg9 0 # Ezekiel 45 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. There should be an area around the temple complex for the homes of the priests and Levites who work at the temple. People should celebrate the festivals. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
EZK 45 1 j186 translate-bdistance 0 twenty-five thousand cubits in length … ten thousand cubits in width Each cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits long…10,000 cubits wide” or “about 13.5 kilometers long … about 5.4 kilometers wide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 45 3 m67w translate-bdistance 0 twenty-five thousand cubits … ten thousand Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits…10,000 cubits” or “about 13.5 kilometers … about 5.4 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 45 6 h2xy translate-bdistance 0 five thousand cubits … twenty-five thousand Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “5,000 cubits…25,000 cubits” or “about 2.7 kilometers … about 13.5 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 45 6 s6nx figs-activepassive 0 reserved for the holy place This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that you gave for the holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 45 7 uk1u figs-explicit 0 The length will correspond to the length of one of those portions It is implied that Ezekiel is comparing the prince’s land with the size of the land given to each of the tribes. Alternate translation: “The length will be the same as the length of one of the portions given to the tribes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 45 7 q8d9 0 from the west to the east It is implied that these are the western and eastern borders of the land of Israel. “from the western border of Israel at the sea to the eastern border at the Jordan River”
EZK 45 8 gh1k 0 This land will be property for the prince in Israel Alternate translation: “This portion of the land will be the property of the prince among the people of Israel”
EZK 45 9 kn84 figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 45 13 cnf3 figs-explicit 0 for every homer of wheat It is implied that this is the amount of wheat that the people harvest. Alternate translation: “for every homer of wheat from the harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 45 15 j447 figs-activepassive 0 will be used for This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will use for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 45 17 kvb9 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 45 18 s8r4 figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 45 18 kwy1 translate-hebrewmonths 0 In the first month, on the first day of the month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 45 18 zx5a figs-you 0 you will take The word “you” is singular and refers to whoever is the prince in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EZK 45 20 rnr8 translate-ordinal 0 on the seventh of the month “on the seventh day of the first month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 45 20 yp7i 0 for each person’s sin by accident or ignorance Alternate translation: “for each person who had sinned without meaning to or because he did not know he was sinning” or “for each person who had sinned by accident or because he did not now what was right”
EZK 45 21 x1ac translate-hebrewmonths 0 In the first month on the fourteenth day of the month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 45 21 h44r figs-you 0 for you The word “you” is plural and refers to the prince and the rest of the people of the house of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EZK 45 24 c8si 0 food offering This is also called a “grain offering.”
EZK 45 24 a1wx translate-bvolume 0 an ephah You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “twenty-two liters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
EZK 45 24 h4z8 translate-bvolume 0 a hin You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “four liters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
EZK 45 24 s3eh translate-bvolume 0 each ephah You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “each twenty-two liters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
EZK 45 25 fn33 translate-hebrewmonths 0 In the seventh month on the fifteenth day of the month This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of October. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 45 25 v9fx 0 at the festival This is a different festival from the festival Ezekiel was describing before.
EZK 46 intro b7h2 0 # Ezekiel 46 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. This chapter focuses on many of the temple’s rules. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
EZK 46 1 pc25 figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 46 1 m74l 0 The gate of the inner courtyard, facing east Alternate translation: “the gate on the east side of the inner courtyard” or “the eastern gate of the inner courtyard”
EZK 46 1 w3m7 0 inner courtyard See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
EZK 46 2 j8bw 0 inner gate See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:19](../40/19.md).
EZK 46 3 f1nt 0 before Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:24](../43/24.md).
EZK 46 6 fe93 0 unblemished perfectly healthy and normal
EZK 46 8 usc6 0 portico covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
EZK 46 12 fa81 figs-activepassive 0 the gate facing east will be opened for him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the Levites will open the gate facing east for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 46 16 j4il figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 46 17 ly5s 0 year of liberty This is the year that a servant gains freedom. This is also called the “Year of Jubilee.”
EZK 46 22 pwg8 translate-bdistance 0 forty cubits … thirty Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “40 cubits…30 cubits” or “about 21.6 meters … about 16.2 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 47 intro m1ty 0 # Ezekiel 47 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. There was a river flowing from the temple. The land was to be divided among the tribes. The landscape of Jerusalem will have changed in a significant way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
EZK 47 1 ej9g 0 to the right of the altar This is the right side of the altar when a person looks at it while they are facing east, so it is on the south side of the altar. Alternate translation: “on the south side of the altar”
EZK 47 3 iz2e translate-bdistance 0 one thousand cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. Alternate translation: “1,000 cubits” or “about 540 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 47 5 a556 figs-activepassive 0 a river that could not be crossed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a river that no one could cross on foot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 47 6 p6gu 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 47 6 ev96 figs-rquestion 0 do you see this? Yahweh is commanding Ezekiel to think about what he has just seen. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:15](../08/15.md). Alternate translation: “think about this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 47 10 x3c2 0 Then it will happen See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:7](../21/07.md).
EZK 47 10 cw5n translate-names 0 En Gedi This is the name of a very large spring on the western side of the Salt Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 47 10 kj6k translate-names 0 En Eglaim This is the name of a large spring on the eastern side of the Salt Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 47 11 z32w 0 swamps places with shallow water and trees growing in deep mud
EZK 47 11 v9ac 0 marshes places with shallow water and grasses growing in deep mud
EZK 47 13 u197 figs-metonymy 0 Joseph will have two portions The person is a metonym for his descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph will receive two areas of land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 47 14 y4rk translate-symaction 0 I lifted up my hand and swore In those days a person would raise his right hand to show that he realized that God would punish him if he did not do what he swore to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 47 15 i8z6 0 boundary the end of an area of land
EZK 47 23 w2zf figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 48 intro lpq8 0 # Ezekiel 48 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. There is more dividing of the land between the tribes in this chapter as well.
EZK 48 8 t9ii translate-bdistance 0 twenty-five thousand cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits” or “13.5 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 48 9 k8kq translate-bdistance 0 twenty-five thousand cubits … ten thousand cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits…10,000 cubits” or “13.5 kilometers…5.4 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 48 10 f9ke figs-activepassive 0 The priests will have land assigned to them This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The leaders of the Israelites will assign land to the priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 48 10 z5ek translate-bdistance 0 twenty-five thousand cubits … ten thousand cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits…10,000 cubits” or “13.5 kilometers…5.4 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 48 12 z977 0 The offering for them will be a portion of this most holy land Alternate translation: “This smaller portion within the holy portion of the land will belong to these priests, a portion that is more holy than the rest of the holy portion of the land”
EZK 48 13 a2ty translate-bdistance 0 twenty-five thousand cubits … ten thousand cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits…10,000 cubits” or “13.5 kilometers…5.4 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 48 14 eh61 figs-metaphor 0 this firstfruits “this land which is the firstfruits.” Here “firstfruits” probably means the best things among all the offerings set aside to give to God. This land is spoken of in that way, as land set aside for Yahweh’s use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 48 15 m618 translate-numbers 0 five thousand cubits … twenty-five thousand cubits “5,000 cubits…25,000 cubits.” Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “almost 2.3 kilometers … about 13.5 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 48 15 z6m7 0 will be for the collective use of the city Alternate translation: “will be an area that all the people of the city will share and use”
EZK 48 15 xy66 0 the houses, and the pastureland Alternate translation: “as a place for houses and for an open space”
EZK 48 16 s31f translate-numbers 0 4,500 cubits “four thousand five hundred cubits.” Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 2.4 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 48 17 mt45 translate-numbers 0 250 cubits “two hundred and fifty cubits.” A cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 135 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 48 18 ihu6 translate-numbers 0 ten thousand cubits “10,000 cubits.” A cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 5.4 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 48 20 gl23 translate-bdistance 0 twenty-five thousand cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits” or “about 13.5 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 48 20 q1yu 0 In this way you will make the holy offering of land, together with the land for the city. Alternate translation: “You will offer the holy offering and also the property of the city”
EZK 48 21 c5zx translate-bdistance 0 twenty-five thousand cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits” or “about 13.5 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 48 23 tp6b 0 one portion Translate as you translated “one portion of land” in [Ezekiel 48:1](../48/01.md).
EZK 48 28 g789 translate-names 0 Tamar … Meribah Kadesh names of towns. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 47:19](../47/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 48 28 i1hx translate-names 0 the brook of Egypt a very large ravine in the northeast part of the Sinai. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 47:19](../47/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 48 29 f7m3 figs-you 0 you This is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EZK 48 29 qi5a 0 cast lots See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 45:1](../45/01.md).
EZK 48 29 tpg8 figs-123person 0 This is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “This is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 48 30 t8i6 translate-numbers 0 4,500 cubits “four thousand five hundred cubits.” Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 2.4 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 48 33 e317 translate-numbers 0 4,500 cubits “four thousand five hunded cubits.” This is about 2.4 kilometers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
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