front:intro pla1 0 # Romans Study Questions\n\nAsk yourself these questions as you carefully read this letter, and pray to God that he will open your eyes to see his message clearly.
1:1 uk55 basic,observe Παῦλος 1 Who identifies himself as the author of this letter?
1:1 f1b5 basic,observe δοῦλος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ, κλητὸς ἀπόστολος 1 How does **Paul** here describe himself to the church in Rome?
1:1 qhd9 basic,interpret δοῦλος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ, κλητὸς ἀπόστολος 1 Why do you think **Paul** lists that he is **a servant of Christ Jesus** before saying that he is **an apostle**?
1:1 hyp6 basic,observe ἀφωρισμένος εἰς εὐαγγέλιον Θεοῦ 1 According to **Paul**, for what purpose was he **set apart**?
1:2 hud2 basic,observe ὃ προεπηγγείλατο διὰ τῶν προφητῶν αὐτοῦ ἐν Γραφαῖς ἁγίαις 1 Here Paul begins to explain the gospel of God. What is that gospel?
1:2 z9dq basic,observe ὃ προεπηγγείλατο διὰ τῶν προφητῶν αὐτοῦ ἐν Γραφαῖς ἁγίαις 1 According to Paul, what means did God useto promise **the gospel** beforehand?
1:3 l000 basic,observe περὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 According to Paul, who does the gospel regard?
1:3 fud1 basic,observe τοῦ γενομένου ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυεὶδ κατὰ σάρκα 1 Paul here further identifies **His Son**. Who is He?
1:3 l001 basic,interpret ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυεὶδ κατὰ σάρκα 1 What does Paul here mean when he refers to God’s **Son** as a descendant of David **according to the flesh**?
1:4 nr63 basic,observe τοῦ ὁρισθέντος Υἱοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν δυνάμει κατὰ Πνεῦμα ἁγιωσύνης 1 According to Paul, who **declared with power** that Jesus was **the Son of God**?
1:4 vhj8 basic,interpret Πνεῦμα ἁγιωσύνης 1 Why does Paul here refer to the Holy Spirit as **the Spirit of holiness**?
1:4 h7q1 basic,observe ἐξ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν 1 According to Paul, what proof did **the Spirit of holiness** offer that Jesus was **the Son of God**?
1:4 l002 basic,observe Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν 1 According to Paul, what is the name of the **Son of God**?
1:5 l003 basic,observe δι’ οὗ ἐλάβομεν χάριν καὶ ἀποστολὴν 1 According to Paul, what did he and his companions receive through Jesus?
1:5 gb16 basic,observe ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ 1 According to Paul, for whose **sake** did he and his companions receive **grace and apostleship**?
1:5 l004 basic,observe εἰς ὑπακοὴν πίστεως ἐν πᾶσιν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν 1 According to Paul, what was the purpose for which God gave him **grace and apostleship**?
1:5 a4q9 basic,interpret εἰς ὑπακοὴν πίστεως 1 What does Paul mean when he refers to **the obedience that comes from faith**?
1:6 l228 basic,observe ἐν οἷς ἐστε καὶ ὑμεῖς κλητοὶ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ; 1 According to Paul, to what group do his readers in Rome also belong?
1:7 gzw1 basic,observe πᾶσιν τοῖς οὖσιν ἐν Ῥώμῃ, ἀγαπητοῖς Θεοῦ, κλητοῖς ἁγίοις 1 To whom does Paul address his letter?
1:7 d3ua basic,observe πᾶσιν τοῖς οὖσιν ἐν Ῥώμῃ, ἀγαπητοῖς Θεοῦ, κλητοῖς ἁγίοις 1 According to Paul, what are those **who are loved by God** also **called to be**?
1:7 nnu9 basic,observe χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς ἡμῶν καὶ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 What does Paul desire for the **saints** **in Rome** to received from **God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ**?
1:8 uu87 basic,observe πρῶτον μὲν εὐχαριστῶ τῷ Θεῷ μου διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ περὶ πάντων ὑμῶν 1 What is the first thing that Paul wants to tell his readers in this letter?
1:8 l009 basic,observe ὅτι ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν καταγγέλλεται ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ κόσμῳ 1 Here **because** introduces the reason why Paul thanks **God** for all the believers in Rome. What is that reason?
1:8 csc9 basic,interpret ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν καταγγέλλεται ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ κόσμῳ 1 Do you think Paul was exaggerating when he said that their **faith is being proclaimed all over the world**?
1:9 c7cj basic,observe μάρτυς γάρ μού ἐστιν ὁ Θεός, ᾧ λατρεύω ἐν τῷ πνεύματί μου ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ, ὡς ἀδιαλείπτως μνείαν ὑμῶν ποιοῦμαι 1 According to Paul, who is his **witness how constantly** he remembers the believers in Rome?
1:9 l010 basic,observe ὁ Θεός, ᾧ λατρεύω ἐν τῷ πνεύματί μου ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 According to Paul, in what way does he **serve** **God** with his **spirit**?
1:9 l011 basic,interpret ᾧ λατρεύω ἐν τῷ πνεύματί μου 1 What does Paul mean when he says that he serves God **with** his **spirit**?
1:10 jr7f basic,observe πάντοτε ἐπὶ τῶν προσευχῶν μου 1 Here Paul specifies how he constantly remembers the believers in Rome. How does he do that?
1:10 l012 basic,observe δεόμενος εἴ πως ἤδη ποτὲ εὐοδωθήσομαι ἐν τῷ θελήματι τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἐλθεῖν πρὸς ὑμᾶς 1 What is Paul currently asking God in his prayers to do for him?
1:11 vyl8 basic,observe ἐπιποθῶ γὰρ ἰδεῖν ὑμᾶς, ἵνα τι μεταδῶ χάρισμα ὑμῖν πνευματικὸν, εἰς τὸ στηριχθῆναι ὑμᾶς; 1 Here **For** introduces the reason why Paul wants to succeed in coming to the Romans. What is that reason?
1:11 abc1 basic,observe ἵνα τι μεταδῶ χάρισμα ὑμῖν πνευματικὸν, εἰς τὸ στηριχθῆναι ὑμᾶς 1 Here **that** introduces the purpose for which Paul wants to **impart to** the Romans **some spiritual gift**. What is that purpose?
1:12 vq5g basic,observe τοῦτο δέ ἐστιν συνπαρακληθῆναι ἐν ὑμῖν, διὰ τῆς ἐν ἀλλήλοις πίστεως, ὑμῶν τε καὶ ἐμοῦ. 1 Here **that is** introduces the reason why the Roman believers will be strengthened by his visit to them. What is that reason?
1:12 wed9 basic,observe τοῦτο δέ ἐστιν συνπαρακληθῆναι ἐν ὑμῖν, διὰ τῆς ἐν ἀλλήλοις πίστεως, ὑμῶν τε καὶ ἐμοῦ. 1 According to Paul, what will **mutually** encourage both him and the Romans?
1:13 pa9c basic,observe οὐ θέλω δὲ ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν, ἀδελφοί, ὅτι πολλάκις προεθέμην ἐλθεῖν πρὸς ὑμᾶς, καὶ ἐκωλύθην ἄχρι τοῦ δεῦρο 1 According to Paul, what is the thing of which he does **not want** the Romans **to be unaware**?
1:13 l013 basic,observe πολλάκις προεθέμην ἐλθεῖν πρὸς ὑμᾶς, καὶ ἐκωλύθην ἄχρι τοῦ δεῦρο 1 According to Paul, why had he not yet visited Rome?
1:13 ph9z basic,observe ἵνα τινὰ καρπὸν σχῶ καὶ ἐν ὑμῖν, καθὼς καὶ ἐν τοῖς λοιποῖς ἔθνεσιν 1 Here **in order that** introduces the purpose for which Paul wants to visit the Romans. What is that purpose?
1:13 bjl6 basic,interpret τινὰ καρπὸν σχῶ καὶ ἐν ὑμῖν 1 What does Paul mean when he refers to **a harvest among** the Romans?
1:13 ntl8 basic,observe καθὼς καὶ ἐν τοῖς λοιποῖς ἔθνεσιν 1 According to Paul, where has he already had **a harvest**?
1:14 uwu7 basic,observe Ἕλλησίν τε καὶ βαρβάροις, σοφοῖς τε καὶ ἀνοήτοις, ὀφειλέτης εἰμί. 1 According to Paul, to whom is he **obligated**?
1:15 b8b7 basic,observe οὕτως τὸ κατ’ ἐμὲ, πρόθυμον καὶ ὑμῖν τοῖς ἐν Ῥώμῃ εὐαγγελίσασθαι. 1 Here Paul explains what he is obligated to do. What is that?
1:16 c8ss basic,observe οὐ γὰρ ἐπαισχύνομαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον 1 According to Paul, of what is he **not ashamed**?
1:16 r3aa basic,observe δύναμις γὰρ Θεοῦ ἐστιν εἰς σωτηρίαν παντὶ τῷ πιστεύοντι 1 Here **because** introduces the reason why Paul is **not ashamed of the gospel**. What is that reason?
1:16 d1zm basic,observe Ἰουδαίῳ τε πρῶτον 1 According to Paul, to whom was **the gospel** **first** given?
1:16 l014 basic,observe καὶ Ἕλληνι 1 According to Paul, to whom was **the gospel** given after **the Jew**?
1:17 sfb1 basic,observe δικαιοσύνη γὰρ Θεοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ ἀποκαλύπτεται, ἐκ πίστεως εἰς πίστιν 1 According to Paul, what does **the gospel** reveal?
1:17 ki8l basic,interpret ἐκ πίστεως εἰς πίστιν 1 What does Paul mean when he says that the gospel **comes by faith from start to finish**?
1:17 es4l basic,observe καθὼς γέγραπται, ὁ δὲ δίκαιος ἐκ πίστεως ζήσεται. 1 According to this quotation from Habakkuk 2, what will enable the **righteous** to live?
1:18 l015 basic,observe ἀποκαλύπτεται γὰρ ὀργὴ Θεοῦ ἀπ’ οὐρανοῦ 1 According to Paul, what **is being revealed from heaven**?
1:18 l016 basic,observe ἐπὶ πᾶσαν ἀσέβειαν καὶ ἀδικίαν ἀνθρώπων 1 According to Paul, against whom is the **wrath of God** **being revealed**?
1:18 l017 basic,observe τῶν τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐν ἀδικίᾳ κατεχόντων 1 According to Paul, what do godless and wicked men do with **the truth**?
1:19 n654 basic,observe διότι τὸ γνωστὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, φανερόν ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς 1 According to Paul, what **is plain to** the godless and wicked men in verse 18?
1:19 q1p8 basic,observe ὁ Θεὸς γὰρ αὐτοῖς ἐφανέρωσεν. 1 Here **because** introduces the reason why **what may be known about God is plain to** these godless and wicked men. What is that reason?
1:20 td57 basic,observe τὰ γὰρ ἀόρατα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ κτίσεως κόσμου & καθορᾶται; ἥ τε ἀΐδιος αὐτοῦ δύναμις καὶ θειότης 1 Here **For** introduces the reason why Paul says that God has made plain to wicked men what may be know about Him. What is that reason?
1:20 sz79 basic,observe τοῖς ποιήμασιν νοούμενα 1 According to Paul, how are wicked men able to understand what God has made known to them?
1:20 abc2 basic,observe εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἀναπολογήτους 1 Here **so that** introduces the result of God making **His eternal power and divine nature** to be **clearly seen** and **understood**. What is that result?
1:21 hgb9 basic,observe διότι γνόντες τὸν Θεὸν, οὐχ ὡς Θεὸν ἐδόξασαν ἢ ηὐχαρίστησαν 1 Here **For** introduces the reason why wicked men are without excuse before **God**. What is that reason?
1:21 l019 basic,observe οὐχ ὡς Θεὸν ἐδόξασαν ἢ ηὐχαρίστησαν 1 According to Paul, what did wicked men fail to do for **God**?
1:21 ie95 basic,observe ἀλλ’ ἐματαιώθησαν ἐν τοῖς διαλογισμοῖς αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐσκοτίσθη ἡ ἀσύνετος αὐτῶν καρδία; 1 Here **but** introduces what wicked men did rather than glorify and give thanks to **God**. What did they do instead?
1:21 x36x basic,interpret ἐματαιώθησαν ἐν τοῖς διαλογισμοῖς αὐτῶν 1 What does Paul mean when he says that **they became futile in their thinking**?
1:21 l020 basic,interpret ἐσκοτίσθη ἡ ἀσύνετος αὐτῶν καρδία 1 What does Paul mean when he says that they became **darkened in their foolish hearts**?
1:22 c52s basic,observe φάσκοντες εἶναι σοφοὶ 1 What did these wicked men claim to be?
1:22 p472 basic,observe ἐμωράνθησαν 1 According to Paul, what did these wicked men actually become?
1:23 l022 basic,observe καὶ ἤλλαξαν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ ἀφθάρτου Θεοῦ 1 According to Paul, what did these wicked men give up?
1:23 w32h basic,observe ἐν ὁμοιώματι εἰκόνος φθαρτοῦ ἀνθρώπου, καὶ πετεινῶν, καὶ τετραπόδων, καὶ ἑρπετῶν 1 According to Paul, what did these wicked men accept in place of **the glory of the immortal God**?
1:24 qe48 basic,observe διὸ παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν αὐτῶν 1 Here **Therefore** introduces the result of these men replacing His glory for **images of mortal man and birds and animals and reptiles**. What was that result?
1:24 l024 basic,interpret παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν αὐτῶν 1 What does Paul mean when he says that God **gave them over in the desires of their hearts**?
1:24 l025 basic,observe εἰς ἀκαθαρσίαν, τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι τὰ σώματα αὐτῶν ἐν αὐτοῖς 1 According to Paul, what did **the desires of their hearts** cause these foolish men to do?
1:24 j49j basic,interpret τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι τὰ σώματα αὐτῶν ἐν αὐτοῖς 1 What does Paul mean when he refers to **the dishonoring of their bodies with one another**?
1:25 ujs1 basic,observe οἵτινες μετήλλαξαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν τῷ ψεύδει 1 According to Paul, what did these foolish men do with **the truth of God**?
1:25 asn2 basic,observe καὶ ἐσεβάσθησαν καὶ ἐλάτρευσαν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν κτίσαντα 1 According to Paul, what did these foolish men serve?
1:25 l026 basic,observe τὸν κτίσαντα, ὅς ἐστιν εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. ἀμήν! 1 How does Paul here describe **the Creator**?
1:26 l027 basic,observe διὰ τοῦτο, παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς εἰς πάθη ἀτιμίας; 1 Here **For this reason** refers back to the previous verses to explain why **God gave** these foolish men **over to dishonorable passions**. What was that **reason**?
1:26 l028 basic,interpret εἰς πάθη ἀτιμίας 1 What does Paul mean when he here refers to **dishonorable passions**?
1:26 p3jn basic,observe αἵ τε γὰρ θήλειαι αὐτῶν μετήλλαξαν τὴν φυσικὴν χρῆσιν εἰς τὴν παρὰ φύσιν, 1 For what did the **women** of these foolish men exchange **natural relations**?
1:26 yp6z basic,interpret εἰς τὴν παρὰ φύσιν 1 What does Paul mean when he here refers to **unnatural ones**?
1:27 pd7h basic,observe ὁμοίως τε καὶ οἱ ἄρσενες ἀφέντες τὴν φυσικὴν χρῆσιν τῆς θηλείας, ἐξεκαύθησαν ἐν τῇ ὀρέξει αὐτῶν εἰς ἀλλήλους, 1 Here **Likewise** indicates that these foolish **men** did the same thing as their women did in verse 26. What did they do?
1:27 x9qk basic,interpret οἱ ἄρσενες ἀφέντες τὴν φυσικὴν χρῆσιν τῆς θηλείας 1 What does Paul here mean when he refers to the **natural relations with women** that these foolish **men abandoned**?
1:27 l030 basic,interpret ἐξεκαύθησαν ἐν τῇ ὀρέξει αὐτῶν εἰς ἀλλήλους 1 What does Paul mean when he says that these men **burned with lust for one another**?
1:27 g5t1 basic,interpret ἄρσενες ἐν ἄρσεσιν τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην κατεργαζόμενοι 1 What does Paul mean when he says that these men **committed indecent acts with other men**?
1:27,24 l031 basic,observe ἄρσενες ἐν ἄρσεσιν τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην κατεργαζόμενοι & διὸ παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν αὐτῶν εἰς ἀκαθαρσίαν, τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι τὰ σώματα αὐτῶν ἐν αὐτοῖς; 1 In what way does these men committing **indecent acts with other men** result from God giving them over to **impurity for the dishonoring of their bodies with one another** in verse 24?
1:27 q6y3 basic,observe καὶ τὴν ἀντιμισθίαν ἣν ἔδει τῆς πλάνης αὐτῶν, ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἀπολαμβάνοντες 1 According to Paul, what did these men receive as a result of the **committed indecent acts** they committed **with other men**?
1:28 hgu3 basic,observe καὶ καθὼς οὐκ ἐδοκίμασαν, τὸν Θεὸν ἔχειν ἐν ἐπιγνώσει, παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς εἰς ἀδόκιμον νοῦν, ποιεῖν τὰ μὴ καθήκοντα; 1 Here **since** introduces the result of these men not seeing **fit to acknowledge God**. What was that result?
1:28 e14e basic,interpret εἰς ἀδόκιμον νοῦν 1 What does Paul here mean when he refers to **a depraved mind**?
1:28 h6vt basic,observe ποιεῖν τὰ μὴ καθήκοντα 1 In this context, what has Paul described as examples of **what ought not to be done**?
1:29 r2ak basic,observe πεπληρωμένους πάσῃ ἀδικίᾳ, πονηρίᾳ, πλεονεξίᾳ, κακίᾳ; μεστοὺς φθόνου, φόνου, ἔριδος, δόλου, κακοηθείας; 1 According to Paul, which what have these foolish people **become filled**?
1:29 l032 basic,interpret πεπληρωμένους πάσῃ ἀδικίᾳ, πονηρίᾳ, πλεονεξίᾳ, κακίᾳ; μεστοὺς φθόνου, φόνου, ἔριδος, δόλου, κακοηθείας; ψιθυριστάς, 1 How did these evil traits result from their decision not to acknowledge or serve God?
1:29-30 duy9 basic,observe ψιθυριστάς, & καταλάλους, θεοστυγεῖς, ὑβριστάς, ὑπερηφάνους, ἀλαζόνας, 1 What terms does Paul use here to describe these foolish people?
1:30 l033 basic,observe ἐφευρετὰς κακῶν 1 According to Paul, what do these foolish people **invent**?
1:30 sa5y basic,observe γονεῦσιν ἀπειθεῖς 1 According to Paul, who do these foolish people **disobey**?
1:31 l034 basic,observe ἀσυνέτους, ἀσυνθέτους, ἀστόργους, ἀνελεήμονας 1 What other character traits does Paul use to describe these foolish people?
1:31 cda2 basic,observe ἀσυνέτους, ἀσυνθέτους, ἀστόργους, ἀνελεήμονας; 1 How did these evil traits result from their decision not to acknowledge or serve God?
1:32 kpw1 basic,observe οἵτινες τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπιγνόντες, ὅτι οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα πράσσοντες ἄξιοι θανάτου εἰσίν 1 According to Paul, what do these evil people **know**?
1:32,21 w8yq basic,interpret οἵτινες τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπιγνόντες, ὅτι οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα πράσσοντες ἄξιοι θανάτου εἰσίν & διότι γνόντες τὸν Θεὸν 1 According to verse 21, how would these people **know God’s righteous decree**?
1:32 z1xr basic,observe οὐ μόνον αὐτὰ ποιοῦσιν 1 Knowing **that those who do such things are worthy of death**, what do these people continue to do?
1:32 v9w2 basic,interpret οἵτινες τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπιγνόντες & οὐ μόνον αὐτὰ ποιοῦσιν 1 Since these people continue to do evil things, of what value is it to them that they **know God’s righteous decree**?
1:32 pn2a basic,observe ἀλλὰ καὶ συνευδοκοῦσιν τοῖς πράσσουσιν 1 In addition to their own evil actions, what other sinful thing do these people do?
1:32 lx3p basic,interpret οὐ μόνον αὐτὰ ποιοῦσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ συνευδοκοῦσιν τοῖς πράσσουσιν 1 Here Paul seems to equate doing evil things with approving **of those who practice them**. Why do you think he considers both things to be equally evil?
2:1 l035 basic,observe διὸ ἀναπολόγητος εἶ, ὦ ἄνθρωπε, πᾶς ὁ κρίνων 1 To whom is Paul here writing?
2:1 rl4c basic,observe διὸ ἀναπολόγητος εἶ, ὦ ἄνθρωπε, πᾶς ὁ κρίνων 1 What does Paul declare to be true of the person who passes **judgment on another**?
2:1 l038 basic,observe ἐν ᾧ γὰρ κρίνεις τὸν ἕτερον, σεαυτὸν κατακρίνεις 1 Here, **For** introduces the reason why the person who passes **judgment on another** has **no excuse**. What is that reason?
2:1 tzh2 basic,observe τὰ γὰρ αὐτὰ πράσσεις, ὁ κρίνων 1 Here, **because** introduces the reason why the person who passes **judgment on another** is **condemning** himself. What is that reason?
2:2 l040 basic,observe οἴδαμεν δὲ ὅτι τὸ κρίμα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν κατὰ ἀλήθειαν ἐπὶ τοὺς τὰ τοιαῦτα πράσσοντας. 1 According to Paul, upon what is **God’s judgment against those who do such things** **based**?
2:3 w9tm basic,interpret λογίζῃ δὲ τοῦτο, ὦ ἄνθρωπε, ὁ κρίνων τοὺς τὰ τοιαῦτα πράσσοντας, καὶ ποιῶν αὐτά, ὅτι σὺ ἐκφεύξῃ τὸ κρίμα τοῦ Θεοῦ? 1 Paul here asks a rhetorical question. What is the implied answer to that question?
2:3 i7h4 basic,observe λογίζῃ δὲ τοῦτο, ὦ ἄνθρωπε, ὁ κρίνων τοὺς τὰ τοιαῦτα πράσσοντας, καὶ ποιῶν αὐτά, ὅτι σὺ ἐκφεύξῃ τὸ κρίμα τοῦ Θεοῦ? 1 According to Paul, what will those who **pass judgment on others** receive from God?
2:4 bp2n basic,interpret ἢ τοῦ πλούτου τῆς χρηστότητος αὐτοῦ, καὶ τῆς ἀνοχῆς, καὶ τῆς μακροθυμίας καταφρονεῖς, ἀγνοῶν ὅτι τὸ χρηστὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰς μετάνοιάν σε ἄγει? 1 Paul here asks another rhetorical question. What is the implied answer to that question?
2:4 jmq9 basic,observe ἢ τοῦ πλούτου τῆς χρηστότητος αὐτοῦ, καὶ τῆς ἀνοχῆς, καὶ τῆς μακροθυμίας καταφρονεῖς 1 According to Paul, what do his readers **disregard**?
2:4 l042 basic,observe ἀγνοῶν ὅτι τὸ χρηστὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰς μετάνοιάν σε ἄγει 1 According to Paul, to what is **God’s kindness** intended to lead?
2:4 ytx7 basic,interpret τὸ χρηστὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰς μετάνοιάν σε ἄγει 1 Why should **God’s kindness** lead the person who receives it **to repentance**?
2:5 l043 basic,observe κατὰ δὲ τὴν σκληρότητά σου καὶ ἀμετανόητον καρδίαν, θησαυρίζεις σεαυτῷ ὀργὴν 1 Here **because** introduces the reason why people **are storing up wrath against** themselves. What is that reason?
2:5 d3rx basic,observe θησαυρίζεις σεαυτῷ ὀργὴν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς 1 According to Paul, when will this **wrath** that is stored up be delivered?
2:5 a3eb basic,observe ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως δικαιοκρισίας τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 According to Paul, what will happen in **the day of wrath**?
2:6 l044 basic,observe ὃς ἀποδώσει ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ: 1 According to this quotation from Psalm 62, what will **God** do in the day of wrath?
2:6 fi5q basic,observe ὃς ἀποδώσει ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ: 1 According to this quotation, what will determine the amount which God **will repay** to each person?
2:7 l045 basic,observe τοῖς μὲν καθ’ ὑπομονὴν ἔργου ἀγαθοῦ, δόξαν καὶ τιμὴν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν ζητοῦσιν, ζωὴν αἰώνιον; 1 According to Paul what will God repay to **those who by perseverance in doing good seek glory, honor, and immortality**?
2:7 l046 basic,interpret τοῖς μὲν καθ’ ὑπομονὴν ἔργου ἀγαθοῦ, δόξαν καὶ τιμὴν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν ζητοῦσιν 1 What does Paul mean here when he speaks of seeking **glory, honor, and immortality** by means of **perseverance in doing good**?
2:8 l048 basic,observe τοῖς δὲ ἐξ ἐριθείας καὶ ἀπειθοῦσι τῇ ἀληθείᾳ, πειθομένοις δὲ τῇ ἀδικίᾳ ὀργὴ καὶ θυμός. 1 According to Paul what will God repay to **those who are self-seeking and who reject the truth and follow wickedness**?
2:8 hl55 basic,interpret ἀπειθοῦσι τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 Here Paul says that these evil people **reject the truth**. What does that rejection imply about their knowledge of **the truth**?
2:8 ip26 basic,interpret ἀπειθοῦσι τῇ ἀληθείᾳ, πειθομένοις δὲ τῇ ἀδικίᾳ 1 Why is it necessary to **reject the truth** in order to **follow wickedness**?
2:8 z74z basic,observe ὀργὴ καὶ θυμός 1 Who does Paul imply will repay these wicked people with **wrath and anger**?
2:9 lwd9 basic,observe θλῖψις καὶ στενοχωρία, ἐπὶ πᾶσαν ψυχὴν ἀνθρώπου τοῦ κατεργαζομένου τὸ κακόν 1 According to Paul, what will there be **for every human being who does evil**?
2:9 l049 basic,observe Ἰουδαίου τε πρῶτον καὶ Ἕλληνος 1 According to Paul, what groups of people will receive this **trouble and distress** as a result of doing **evil**?
2:10 l050 basic,observe δόξα δὲ, καὶ τιμὴ, καὶ εἰρήνη, παντὶ τῷ ἐργαζομένῳ τὸ ἀγαθόν 1 According to Paul, what will there be **for everyone who does good**?
2:10 l051 basic,observe Ἰουδαίῳ τε πρῶτον καὶ Ἕλληνι 1 According to Paul, what groups of people will receive this **glory, honor, and peace** as a result of doing **good**?
2:11 l053 basic,observe οὐ γάρ ἐστιν προσωπολημψία παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ. 1 Here **For** introduces the reason why both Jew and Gentile will be judged for the evil and the good that they do. What is that reason?
2:11 q516 basic,observe οὐ γάρ ἐστιν προσωπολημψία παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ. 1 What does Paul here mean when he says that **God does not show favoritism**?
2:12 l054 basic,interpret ὅσοι γὰρ ἀνόμως ἥμαρτον 1 Paul has just discussed Jews and Greeks. To which of these groups does he now refer as those **who sin apart from the law**?
2:12 cf3b basic,observe ἀνόμως καὶ ἀπολοῦνται 1 According to Paul, what will happen to Greeks **who sin apart from the law**?
2:12 fqt7 basic,interpret καὶ ὅσοι ἐν νόμῳ ἥμαρτον 1 To which group does Paul now refer as those **who sin under the law**?
2:12 l055 basic,observe διὰ νόμου κριθήσονται 1 According to Paul, what will happen to Jews **who sin apart from the law**?
2:13 l056 basic,observe οὐ γὰρ οἱ ἀκροαταὶ νόμου δίκαιοι παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ, ἀλλ’ οἱ ποιηταὶ νόμου δικαιωθήσονται. 1 According to Paul, who will be **declared righteous before God**?
2:13 x53s basic,interpret οἱ ἀκροαταὶ νόμου & οἱ ποιηταὶ νόμου 1 Why does God reward the **doers of the law** rather than the **hearers of the law**?
2:14 l057 basic,observe ὅταν γὰρ ἔθνη τὰ μὴ νόμον ἔχοντα, φύσει τὰ τοῦ νόμου ποιῶσιν 1 According to Paul, how is it possible for a Gentile to do **what the law requires**?
2:14 l058 basic,observe οὗτοι νόμον μὴ ἔχοντες, ἑαυτοῖς εἰσιν νόμος 1 What is the result of a Gentile doing **by nature what the law requires**?
2:15 k866 basic,observe οἵτινες ἐνδείκνυνται τὸ ἔργον τοῦ νόμου, γραπτὸν ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν 1 According to Paul, what is **written on** the **hearts** of the Gentiles who follow the law by nature?
2:15 vrz6 basic,interpret τὸ ἔργον τοῦ νόμου 1 What does Paul mean when he here refers to **the work of the law**?
2:15 l059 basic,interpret τὸ ἔργον τοῦ νόμου, γραπτὸν ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν 1 What does it mean for **the work of the law** to be **written on their hearts**?
2:15 lx9k basic,observe συνμαρτυρούσης αὐτῶν τῆς συνειδήσεως 1 What also bears **witness** to these Gentiles who follow the law by nature?
2:15 f88l basic,observe καὶ μεταξὺ ἀλλήλων, τῶν λογισμῶν κατηγορούντων ἢ καὶ ἀπολογουμένων 1 According to Paul, what do the **thoughts** of these Gentiles do for them?
2:16 hck2 basic,observe ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὅτε κρίνει ὁ Θεὸς τὰ κρυπτὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 According to Paul, when will the thoughts of the Gentiles either accuse or defend them?
2:16 l060 basic,observe διὰ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 According to Paul, through whom will **God** **judge men’s secrets**?
2:16 v42f basic,observe κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν μου 1 By what means has Paul proclaimed about **the day when God will judge men’s secrets through Christ Jesus**?
2:17 g7yt basic,observe εἰ δὲ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ἐπονομάζῃ 1 To what group of people at Rome is Paul here speaking?
2:17 l061 basic,interpret εἰ δὲ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ἐπονομάζῃ 1 Here **if** introduces a conditional statement. For whom would this statement be positive?
2:17 tef1 basic,interpret καὶ ἐπαναπαύῃ νόμῳ, καὶ καυχᾶσαι ἐν Θεῷ,\n\n 1 Here Paul continues his conditional statement. For whom would this statement be positive?
2:18 kw3g basic,interpret καὶ γινώσκεις τὸ θέλημα, καὶ δοκιμάζεις τὰ διαφέροντα, κατηχούμενος ἐκ τοῦ νόμου 1 Here Paul continues his conditional statement. For whom would this statement be positive?
2:18 b9ax basic,interpret καὶ δοκιμάζεις τὰ διαφέροντα 1 What does Paul here mean when he refers to the Jews approving **what is superior**?
2:18 l062 basic,observe κατηχούμενος ἐκ τοῦ νόμου 1 Here Paul states the reason why the Jews **approve of what is superior**. What is that reason?
2:19 ka5b basic,observe πέποιθάς τε σεαυτὸν ὁδηγὸν εἶναι τυφλῶν, φῶς τῶν ἐν σκότει 1 Here Paul continues his conditional statement. For whom would this statement be positive?
2:19 l063 basic,observe φῶς τῶν ἐν σκότει 1 What does Paul here mean when he refers to the Jews as **a light for those in darkness**?
2:20 wj5i basic,interpret παιδευτὴν ἀφρόνων, διδάσκαλον νηπίων 1 Here Paul continues his conditional statement. For whom would this statement be positive?
2:20 sii5 basic,observe ἔχοντα τὴν μόρφωσιν τῆς γνώσεως καὶ τῆς ἀληθείας ἐν τῷ νόμῳ 1 Here Paul states the reason why the Jews are instructors **of the foolish** and teachers **of infants**. What is that reason?
2:20 ee51 basic,interpret τὴν μόρφωσιν τῆς γνώσεως καὶ τῆς ἀληθείας 1 What does Paul here mean when he refers to **the law** as **the embodiment of knowledge and truth**?
2:21 bx82 basic,observe ὁ οὖν διδάσκων ἕτερον 1 According to Paul, who did the Jews **teach**?
2:21 v99g basic,interpret σεαυτὸν οὐ διδάσκεις? 1 Paul here uses a rhetorical question to rebuke the Jews. What is the implied answer to his question?
2:21 ya5v basic,observe ὁ κηρύσσων μὴ κλέπτειν 1 According to Paul, what did the Jews **preach against**?
2:21 l064 basic,observe κλέπτεις 1 Paul here uses a rhetorical question to rebuke the Jews. What is the implied answer to his question?
2:22 l065 basic,observe ὁ λέγων μὴ μοιχεύειν 1 According to Paul, what did the Jews **forbid**?
2:22 r4ka basic,interpret μοιχεύεις? 1 Paul here uses a rhetorical question to rebuke the Jews. What is the implied answer to his question?
2:22 f69c basic,observe ὁ βδελυσσόμενος τὰ εἴδωλα 1 According to Paul, what did the Jews **abhor**?
2:22 t5e8 basic,interpret ἱεροσυλεῖς? 1 Paul here uses a rhetorical question to rebuke the Jews. What is the implied answer to his question?
2:23 bnl2 basic,observe ὃς ἐν νόμῳ καυχᾶσαι 1 According to Paul, in what did the Jews **boast**?
2:23 k63f basic,interpret διὰ τῆς παραβάσεως τοῦ νόμου, τὸν Θεὸν ἀτιμάζεις? 1 Paul here uses a rhetorical question to rebuke the Jews. What is the implied answer to his question?
2:24 l066 basic,observe τὸ γὰρ ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ δι’ ὑμᾶς βλασφημεῖται ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, καθὼς γέγραπται. 1 According to this quotation from Isaiah 52, why is **God’s name** **blasphemed among the Gentiles**?
2:24 tiu4 basic,interpret τὸ γὰρ ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ δι’ ὑμᾶς βλασφημεῖται ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, καθὼς γέγραπται. 1 What are the Jews doing that is causing **God’s name** to be **blasphemed among the Gentiles**?
2:25 uq3j basic,observe περιτομὴ μὲν γὰρ ὠφελεῖ, ἐὰν νόμον πράσσῃς 1 Here Paul uses a conditional clause to explain when circumcision **has value**. When is that true?
2:25 h54t basic,observe ἐὰν δὲ παραβάτης νόμου ᾖς, ἡ περιτομή σου, ἀκροβυστία γέγονεν 1 According to Paul, what happens to the **circumcision** of a Jew when they **break the law**?
2:25 u9db basic,interpret ἡ περιτομή σου, ἀκροβυστία γέγονεν 1 What does Paul mean when he says that their **circumcision has become uncircumcision**?
2:26 kf73 basic,observe ἐὰν οὖν ἡ ἀκροβυστία, τὰ δικαιώματα τοῦ νόμου φυλάσσῃ 1 Here Paul presents another conditional statement. What does **a man who is not circumcised** need to do to make this statement true?
2:26 gc1e basic,observe οὐχ ἡ ἀκροβυστία αὐτοῦ εἰς περιτομὴν λογισθήσεται? 1 Paul here uses a rhetorical question to challenge the Jews. What is the implied answer to his question?
2:26 g8rc basic,interpret οὐχ ἡ ἀκροβυστία αὐτοῦ εἰς περιτομὴν λογισθήσεται? 1 What does Paul here mean when he says that the **uncircumcision** of **a man who is not circumcised** will **be regarded as circumcision**?
2:27 vxj4 basic,observe ἡ ἐκ φύσεως ἀκροβυστία, τὸν νόμον τελοῦσα 1 Here, how does the **who is physically uncircumcised** act with respect to **the law**?
2:27 jp51 basic,observe καὶ κρινεῖ ἡ ἐκ φύσεως ἀκροβυστία, τὸν νόμον τελοῦσα 1 According to Paul, what will the **one who is physically uncircumcised yet keeps the law** do to the Jews?
2:27 l067 basic,observe σὲ τὸν διὰ γράμματος καὶ περιτομῆς 1 According to Paul, what two advantages do the Jews have?
2:27 hgz7 basic,observe σὲ & παραβάτην νόμου 1 According to Paul, how do the Jews act with respect to **the law**, **even though** they **have the written code and circumcision**?
2:28 zhr5 basic,observe οὐ γὰρ ὁ ἐν τῷ φανερῷ Ἰουδαῖός ἐστιν 1 According to Paul, what does not truly make a **man** **a Jew**?
2:28 k3fv basic,observe οὐδὲ ἡ ἐν τῷ φανερῷ ἐν σαρκὶ περιτομή 1 According to Paul, what is not truly **circumcision**?
2:29 tg6y basic,observe ἀλλ’ ὁ ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ Ἰουδαῖος 1 According to Paul, what truly makes **a man** **a Jew**?
2:29 gsy2 basic,observe καὶ περιτομὴ καρδίας, ἐν Πνεύματι, οὐ γράμματι 1 According to Paul, what is true **circumcision**?
2:29 l37l basic,interpret ἐν Πνεύματι, οὐ γράμματι 1 What does Paul mean when he says that **circumcision** must be **by the Spirit, not by the written code**?
2:29 xng2 basic,observe οὗ ὁ ἔπαινος οὐκ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων, ἀλλ’ ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ. 1 According to Paul, from Whom will a man receive **praise** if his **circumcision is a matter of the heart, by the Spirit**?
3:1 ze9y basic,interpret τί οὖν τὸ περισσὸν τοῦ Ἰουδαίου, ἢ τίς ἡ ὠφέλια τῆς περιτομῆς? 1 Here **then** refers back to the previous chapter. What warning did Paul give to the Jews there?
3:1 ijs2 basic,observe τί οὖν τὸ περισσὸν τοῦ Ἰουδαίου 1 Here Paul uses a rhetorical question to cause the Jews to reflect on the value of their Jewish faith. What is the implied answer to his question?
3:1 l068 basic,observe ἢ τίς ἡ ὠφέλια τῆς περιτομῆς? 1 Here Paul continues his rhetorical question to cause the Jews to reflect on the value of circumcision. What is the implied answer to his question?
3:2 pb8u basic,observe πολὺ κατὰ πάντα τρόπον. 1 Here Paul answers his rhetorical questions from verse 1. What is his answer?
3:2 s51c basic,observe πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ ὅτι ἐπιστεύθησαν τὰ λόγια τοῦ Θεοῦ. 1 According to Paul, what is the first advantage that the Jews have?\n
3:2 nt8x basic,interpret τὰ λόγια τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 What does Paul here mean when he refers to **the very words of God**?
3:3 ty2j basic,observe τί γάρ εἰ ἠπίστησάν τινες? 1 Here Paul uses another rhetorical question to cause the Jews to reflect on their Jewish faith. What is the implied answer to his question?
3:3 l069 basic,observe μὴ ἡ ἀπιστία αὐτῶν, τὴν πίστιν τοῦ Θεοῦ καταργήσει? 1 Here Paul uses another rhetorical question to cause the Jews to reflect on **God’s faithfulness**. What is the implied answer to his question?
3:4 ee3q basic,observe μὴ γένοιτο! 1 Paul here answers his rhetorical questions from verse 3. What is his answer?
3:4 yuu2 basic,observe γινέσθω δὲ ὁ Θεὸς ἀληθής, πᾶς δὲ ἄνθρωπος ψεύστης 1 According to Paul, what is **God** alway like?
3:4 z2he basic,observe γινέσθω δὲ ὁ Θεὸς ἀληθής, πᾶς δὲ ἄνθρωπος ψεύστης, 1 According to Paul, how does **every man** compare to **God**?
3:4 d8g6 basic,observe καθὼς γέγραπται, ὅπως ἂν δικαιωθῇς ἐν τοῖς λόγοις σου 1 According to this quotation from Psalm 51, what will God be **proved** to be when He speaks?
3:4 l070 basic,observe καὶ νικήσεις ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε. 1 According to this quotation from Psalm 51, what will God be **proved** to be when He judges?
3:5 g5u1 basic,observe εἰ δὲ ἡ ἀδικία ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ δικαιοσύνην συνίστησιν 1 According to Paul, what does **our unrighteousness** highlight?
3:5 hyt3 basic,observe εἰ δὲ ἡ ἀδικία ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ δικαιοσύνην συνίστησιν, τί ἐροῦμεν? μὴ ἄδικος ὁ Θεὸς, ὁ ἐπιφέρων τὴν ὀργήν? 1 Here Paul uses a pair of rhetorical questionsto rebuke his readers for thinking that **God is unjust to inflict His wrath on us**. What is the implied answer to Paul’s questions?
3:5 qc9k basic,observe κατὰ ἄνθρωπον λέγω. 1 According to Paul, in what **terms** is he **speaking** when he presents these questions?
3:6 by4a basic,interpret μὴ γένοιτο 1 According to Paul, is God unjust to inflict His wrath on unrighteous people?
3:6 l072 basic,interpret ἐπεὶ πῶς κρινεῖ ὁ Θεὸς τὸν κόσμον? 1 Here Paul uses another rhetorical question to rebuke his readers for considering whether **God** is unjust. What is the implied answer to his question?
3:6 l073 basic,observe πῶς κρινεῖ ὁ Θεὸς τὸν κόσμον 1 According to Paul, what could **God** not do if He was unjust?
3:7 nt87 basic,observe εἰ δὲ ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ ψεύσματι ἐπερίσσευσεν 1 According to Paul, how does his **falsehood** affect **God’s truthfulness**?
3:7 hfk3 basic,observe εἰ δὲ ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ ψεύσματι ἐπερίσσευσεν εἰς τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ 1 According to Paul, how does his **falsehood** affect God’s **glory**?
3:7 l074 basic,observe τί ἔτι κἀγὼ ὡς ἁμαρτωλὸς κρίνομαι? 1 Here Paul uses another rhetorical question to explain why our **falsehood** should be **condemned**. What is the implied answer to his question?
3:8 dd2i basic,observe καὶ μὴ καθὼς βλασφημούμεθα, καὶ καθώς φασίν τινες ἡμᾶς λέγειν, ὅτι ποιήσωμεν τὰ κακὰ, ἵνα ἔλθῃ τὰ ἀγαθά? 1 According to Paul, what do **some** people **slanderously claim that** he and his companions **say**?
3:8 j2xc basic,observe ποιήσωμεν τὰ κακὰ, ἵνα ἔλθῃ τὰ ἀγαθά? 1 According to some people, what will be the **result** of doing **evil**?
3:8 l075 basic,interpret καὶ μὴ καθὼς βλασφημούμεθα, καὶ καθώς φασίν τινες ἡμᾶς λέγειν, ὅτι ποιήσωμεν τὰ κακὰ, ἵνα ἔλθῃ τὰ ἀγαθά? 1 Paul here uses another rhetorical question to rebuke those who excuse their sin by saying good results from it. What is the implied answer to Paul’s question?
3:8 f4ul basic,observe ὧν τὸ κρίμα ἔνδικόν ἐστιν. 1 What is Paul’s answer to those who want to **do evil that good may result**?
3:9 l076 basic,interpret τί οὖν? προεχόμεθα? 1 Here Paul asks a pair of rhetorical questions to cause his fellow Jews to consider whether their status before God is **better** than the Gentiles. What is the implied answer to his questions?
3:9 gm1k basic,observe οὐ πάντως; προῃτιασάμεθα γὰρ, Ἰουδαίους τε καὶ Ἕλληνας, πάντας ὑφ’ ἁμαρτίαν εἶναι. 1 Here **For** introduces the reason why the **Jews** are not **better** than the Gentiles before God. What is that reason?
3:9 ya7d basic,observe Ἰουδαίους τε καὶ Ἕλληνας, πάντας ὑφ’ ἁμαρτίαν εἶναι 1 According to Paul, in what way are **Jews and Greeks alike**?
3:10 ip8w basic,observe καθὼς γέγραπται, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν δίκαιος οὐδὲ εἷς; 1 According to this quotation from Psalms 14 and 53, how many **righteous** people are there?
3:11 l077 basic,observe οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ συνίων 1 According to this quotation, how many people understand God?
3:11 l078 basic,observe οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ ἐκζητῶν τὸν Θεόν 1 According to this quotation, how many people seek **God**?
3:12 t4e7 basic,observe πάντες ἐξέκλιναν 1 According to this quotation, how have all the people responded to God?
3:12 l079 basic,observe ἅμα ἠχρεώθησαν 1 According to this quotation, what have all the people **together become**?
3:12 ium2 basic,observe οὐκ ἔστιν ποιῶν χρηστότητα, οὐκ ἔστιν ἕως ἑνός 1 According to this quotation, how many people are there who do **good**?
3:13 w3kq basic,observe τάφος ἀνεῳγμένος ὁ λάρυγξ αὐτῶν 1 In this quotation from Psalm 3, to what does the writer compare the **throats** of all the people?
3:13 gn28 basic,observe ταῖς γλώσσαις αὐτῶν ἐδολιοῦσαν 1 In this quotation, what do the **tongues** of all the people **practice**?
3:13 qu93 basic,observe ἰὸς ἀσπίδων ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη αὐτῶν; 1 In this quotation, what is on the **lips** of all the people?
3:13 sdg1 basic,interpret ἰὸς ἀσπίδων ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη αὐτῶν 1 What does the writer mean when he says that the **venom of vipers is on their lips**?
3:14 l080 basic,observe ὧν τὸ στόμα ἀρᾶς καὶ πικρίας γέμει; 1 In this quotation from Psalm 3, of what are the **mouths** of all the people **full**?
3:15 mi2u basic,observe ὀξεῖς οἱ πόδες αὐτῶν, ἐκχέαι αἷμα 1 In this quotation from Isaiah 59, what are the **feet** of all the people **swift** to do?
3:15 l081 basic,interpret ὀξεῖς οἱ πόδες αὐτῶν, ἐκχέαι αἷμα 1 What does the writer mean when he says that their **feet are swift to shed blood**?
3:16 qw1j basic,observe σύντριμμα καὶ ταλαιπωρία ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν; 1 In this quotation, what lies in the **wake** of all the people?
3:16 l082 basic,interpret σύντριμμα καὶ ταλαιπωρία ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν 1 What does the writer mean when he says that ruin and misery **lie in their wake**?
3:17 l083 basic,observe καὶ ὁδὸν εἰρήνης οὐκ ἔγνωσαν 1 In this quotation, what have of all the people **not known**?
3:17 g7uh basic,interpret ὁδὸν εἰρήνης 1 What does the writer mean when he refers to **the way of peace**?
3:18 pz97 basic,observe οὐκ ἔστιν φόβος Θεοῦ ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν. 1 In this quotation from Psalm 3, what does not exist **before** the **eyes** of all the people?
3:19 c7xf basic,observe οἴδαμεν δὲ, ὅτι ὅσα ὁ νόμος λέγει, τοῖς ἐν τῷ νόμῳ λαλεῖ 1 According to Paul, to whom does **the law** speak **whatever** it **says**?
3:19 l6lt basic,observe ἵνα πᾶν στόμα φραγῇ, καὶ ὑπόδικος γένηται πᾶς ὁ κόσμος τῷ Θεῷ 1 Here **so that** introduces the purpose for which **the law** speaks to **those who are under the law**. What is that purpose?
3:19 dgq4 basic,interpret ἵνα πᾶν στόμα φραγῇ 1 What does Paul mean when he says that **every mouth may be silenced**?
3:19 xm9c basic,observe καὶ ὑπόδικος γένηται πᾶς ὁ κόσμος τῷ Θεῷ 1 According to Paul, who will be **held accountable to God**?
3:20 lvd6 basic,interpret διότι ἐξ ἔργων νόμου, οὐ δικαιωθήσεται πᾶσα σὰρξ ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ 1 Here **Therefore** refers back to the reason why **no one will be justified in His sight by works of the law**. What is that reason? How successfully did people keep **the law**?
3:20 l084 basic,observe διότι ἐξ ἔργων νόμου, οὐ δικαιωθήσεται πᾶσα σὰρξ ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ; 1 According to Paul, how many people **will be justified in His sight by works of the law**?
3:20 fs5y basic,observe διὰ γὰρ νόμου ἐπίγνωσις ἁμαρτίας. 1 Here **For** introduces the purpose of **the law**. What was that purpose?
3:20 l085 basic,interpret ἐπίγνωσις ἁμαρτίας 1 What does Paul mean when he says that the law **merely brings awareness of sin**?
3:21 jx5n basic,observe νυνὶ δὲ χωρὶς νόμου, δικαιοσύνη Θεοῦ πεφανέρωται 1 According to Paul, in what way has **the righteousness of God** **been revealed**?
3:21 d67v basic,observe μαρτυρουμένη ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου καὶ τῶν προφητῶν 1 According to Paul, what has **attested** to tye fact that **the righteousness of God has been revealed** **apart from the law**?
3:22 l086 basic,observe δικαιοσύνη δὲ Θεοῦ διὰ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 According to Paul, by what means does **this righteousness from God** come?
3:22 g11u basic,observe εἰς πάντας τοὺς πιστεύοντας 1 According to Paul, to whom does **this righteousness from God** come?
3:22 fb9f basic,observe οὐ γάρ ἐστιν διαστολή. 1 According to Paul, what difference does it make if a person seeking **this righteousness** is a Jew or a Gentile?
3:23 l087 basic,observe πάντες γὰρ ἥμαρτον καὶ ὑστεροῦνται τῆς δόξης τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Here **for** introduces the reason why it makes no difference if a person seeking **this righteousness** is a Jew or a Gentile. What is that reason?
3:23 l088 basic,interpret ὑστεροῦνται τῆς δόξης τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 What does Paul mean when he says that people who **have sinned** have fallen **short of the glory of God**?
3:24 x1q1 basic,observe δικαιούμενοι δωρεὰν τῇ αὐτοῦ χάριτι 1 According to Paul, what enables people who believe to be **justified freely**?
3:24 l089 basic,observe διὰ τῆς ἀπολυτρώσεως τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 According to Paul, what is the means by which believers receive God’s **grace**?
3:24 d13g basic,interpret τῆς ἀπολυτρώσεως τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 What does Paul mean when he refers to **the redemption that is in Christ Jesus**?
3:25 aye3 basic,observe ὃν προέθετο ὁ Θεὸς ἱλαστήριον 1 In what form did **God** present Jesus?
3:25 c6n9 basic,observe διὰ πίστεως ἐν τῷ αὐτοῦ αἵματι 1 By what means do believers receive Christ’s **atoning sacrifice** for their sins?
3:25 w97a basic,observe εἰς ἔνδειξιν τῆς δικαιοσύνης αὐτοῦ 1 For what purpose did **God** present Jesus **as the atoning sacrifice through faith in His blood**?
3:25 l090 basic,observe διὰ τὴν πάρεσιν τῶν προγεγονότων ἁμαρτημάτων 1 Here **because** introduces the reason why God was able to make Jesus **the atoning sacrifice** for sinners. What was that reason?
3:26 l091 basic,observe πρὸς τὴν ἔνδειξιν τῆς δικαιοσύνης αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ νῦν καιρῷ 1 According to Paul, for what purpose did God pass over the sins committed beforehand?
3:26 z5wj basic,observe εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν δίκαιον καὶ δικαιοῦντα τὸν ἐκ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ 1 Here **so as** introduces the result of God demonstrating **His righteousness**. What was that result?
3:26,25 l092 basic,interpret εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν δίκαιον καὶ δικαιοῦντα τὸν ἐκ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ & ὃν προέθετο ὁ Θεὸς ἱλαστήριον 1 Even **the one who has faith in Jesus** was a sinner before he believed. Why, therefore, would God not be **just** if He justified the sinner without first becoming the atoning sacrifice as stated in verse 25?
3:27 sk92 basic,interpret ποῦ οὖν ἡ καύχησις? 1 Here Paul uses a rhetorical question to show the proper response to being justified. What is the implied answer to this question?
3:27 f4e4 basic,interpret ποῦ οὖν ἡ καύχησις? ἐξεκλείσθη. 1 How does being justified freely by God’s grace exclude **boasting**?
3:27 gm55 basic,interpret On what principle? On that of works? 1 Here Paul uses a pair of rhetorical questions to show the that boasting is inappropriate. What are the implied answers to these questions?
3:27 v55j basic,observe οὐχί, ἀλλὰ διὰ νόμου πίστεως. 1 According to Paul, on **what principle** is **boasting** about our righteousness **excluded**?
3:28 l5n2 basic,observe λογιζόμεθα γὰρ δικαιοῦσθαι πίστει ἄνθρωπον, χωρὶς ἔργων νόμου.\n 1 According to Paul, how is **a man** **justified**?
3:28 tn5i basic,observe χωρὶς ἔργων νόμου 1 According to Paul, what role do **works of the law** have in justifying a person before God?
3:29 l093 basic,observe ἢ Ἰουδαίων ὁ Θεὸς μόνον? οὐχὶ καὶ ἐθνῶν? 1 Here Paul uses another pair of rhetorical questions to emphasize that **God** in not only **the God of Jews**. What are the implied answers to these questions?
3:29 f6r1 basic,observe ναὶ, καὶ ἐθνῶν, 1 According to Paul, what is God’s relationship to the **Gentiles**?
3:30 l094 basic,interpret εἴπερ εἷς ὁ Θεός 1 Here **since** introduces the reason why God is the God of both the Jews and the Gentiles. What is that reason?
3:30 h2vh basic,observe ὃς δικαιώσει περιτομὴν ἐκ πίστεως 1 According to Paul, in what way will **God** **justify the circumcised**?
3:30 bb3g basic,observe καὶ ἀκροβυστίαν διὰ τῆς πίστεως 1 According to Paul, in what way will **God** **justify** **the uncircumcised**?
3:30 de7t basic,interpret ὃς δικαιώσει περιτομὴν ἐκ πίστεως, καὶ ἀκροβυστίαν διὰ τῆς πίστεως 1 What difference is there, then, between how God **will justify** the Jews and the Gentiles?
3:31 l095 basic,interpret νόμον οὖν καταργοῦμεν διὰ τῆς πίστεως? 1 Here Paul uses a rhetorical question to emphasize the role of **the law**. What is the implied answer to his question?
3:31 l096 basic,observe μὴ γένοιτο! 1 According to Paul, does **this faith** in Jesus **nullify the law**?
3:31 t6d3 basic,observe ἀλλὰ νόμον ἱστάνομεν. 1 According to Paul, how does **this faith** in Jesus affect **the law**?
3:31 z861 basic,interpret νόμον ἱστάνομεν 1 What does Paul mean when he says that when we hold **this faith** **we uphold the law**?
4:1 l097 basic,interpret τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν, εὑρηκέναι Ἀβραὰμ τὸν προπάτορα ἡμῶν κατὰ σάρκα? 1 Here Paul uses a rhetorical question to introduce the example of the faith of **Abraham**. What is the implied answer to his question?
4:1 l098 basic,interpret Ἀβραὰμ τὸν προπάτορα ἡμῶν κατὰ σάρκα 1 Why does Paul here introduce **Abraham** to he readers as **our forefather**?
4:2 sh2q basic,interpret εἰ γὰρ Ἀβραὰμ ἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη, ἔχει καύχημα, ἀλλ’ οὐ πρὸς Θεόν. 1 Here **If** introduces a conditional statement. Is Paul implying that **Abraham** was or was not **justified by works**?
4:2 l099 basic,observe εἰ γὰρ Ἀβραὰμ ἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη, ἔχει καύχημα 1 According to Paul, would being **justified by works** give **Abraham** **something to boast about**?
4:2 k46q basic,observe ἀλλ’ οὐ πρὸς Θεόν 1 According to Paul, would being **justified by works** give **Abraham** **something to boast about** **before God**?
4:2 l100 basic,interpret ἀλλ’ οὐ πρὸς Θεόν 1 Why would Abraham not be able to boast **before God** even if he was **justified by works**?
4:3 cnh7 basic,observe τί γὰρ ἡ Γραφὴ λέγει? ἐπίστευσεν δὲ Ἀβραὰμ τῷ Θεῷ 1 According to this quotation from Genesis 15, what did **Abraham** do?
4:3 s3eb basic,observe καὶ ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην 1 According to this quotation, how was Abraham’s belief **credited to him**?
4:3 l101 basic,interpret ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ 1 What does the quotation mean when it says that righteousness was **credited to him**?
4:4 q2ax basic,observe τῷ δὲ ἐργαζομένῳ, ὁ μισθὸς οὐ λογίζεται κατὰ χάριν, ἀλλὰ κατὰ ὀφείλημα. 1 According to Paul, how are **the wages of the worker** **credited** to him?
4:4 a8bz basic,interpret οὐ λογίζεται κατὰ χάριν, ἀλλὰ κατὰ ὀφείλημα 1 Why are **the wages of the worker** considered to be **an obligation** and not **a gift**?
4:5 eh9j basic,observe τῷ δὲ μὴ ἐργαζομένῳ, πιστεύοντι δὲ ἐπὶ τὸν δικαιοῦντα τὸν ἀσεβῆ, λογίζεται ἡ πίστις αὐτοῦ εἰς δικαιοσύνην, 1 According to Paul, how does God view **the one who does not work, but believes in Him who justifies the wicked**?
4:5 qu12 basic,observe λογίζεται ἡ πίστις αὐτοῦ εἰς δικαιοσύνην 1 According to Paul, what causes God to consider the one who **believes in Him** to be **righteousness**?
4:6 ie4l basic,observe καθάπερ καὶ Δαυεὶδ λέγει τὸν μακαρισμὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ᾧ ὁ Θεὸς λογίζεται δικαιοσύνην χωρὶς ἔργων 1 To whom does Paul refer as support for his argument that **God credits righteousness apart from works**?
4:6 l102 basic,observe καθάπερ καὶ Δαυεὶδ λέγει τὸν μακαρισμὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου 1 According to David, what is the condition of **the man to whom God credits righteousness**?
4:6 dw6t basic,observe ᾧ ὁ Θεὸς λογίζεται δικαιοσύνην χωρὶς ἔργων 1 In this quotation, what role do **works** play in gaining **righteousness** for **the man**?
4:7 c887 basic,observe μακάριοι, ὧν ἀφέθησαν αἱ ἀνομίαι 1 According to this quotation from Psalm 32, what happens to the **lawless acts** of the people David describes?
4:7 l103 basic,observe καὶ ὧν ἐπεκαλύφθησαν αἱ ἁμαρτίαι 1 According to this quotation, what happens to the **sins** of the people David describes?
4:8 e9m5 basic,observe μακάριος ἀνὴρ, οὗ οὐ μὴ λογίσηται Κύριος ἁμαρτίαν. 1 According to this quotation, has **the man** sinned?
4:8 gda6 basic,observe μακάριος ἀνὴρ, οὗ οὐ μὴ λογίσηται Κύριος ἁμαρτίαν. 1 According to this quotation, what will **the Lord** do with the **sins** of the man David describes?
4:9 jtz3 basic,observe ὁ μακαρισμὸς οὖν οὗτος ἐπὶ τὴν περιτομὴν, ἢ καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν ἀκροβυστίαν? 1 Here Paul asks a rhetorical question to identify who receives **this blessing** from God. Who does Paul imply will receive it?
4:9 l104 basic,observe λέγομεν γάρ, ἐλογίσθη τῷ Ἀβραὰμ ἡ πίστις εἰς δικαιοσύνην. 1 According to Paul, what was **credited** to Abraham **as righteous**?
4:10 tk59 basic,observe πῶς οὖν ἐλογίσθη? ἐν περιτομῇ ὄντι, ἢ ἐν ἀκροβυστίᾳ? 1 Here Paul uses another pair of rhetorical questions to show the relationship of **circumcision** to Abraham’s faith. When does Paul imply that Abraham’s righteousness **was** **credited** to him?
4:10 m39d basic,observe οὐκ ἐν περιτομῇ, ἀλλ’ ἐν ἀκροβυστίᾳ; 1 Here Paul clearly states the answer to his rhetorical questions. When was Abraham’s faith **credited** to him as righteousness?
4:11 q9zw basic,observe καὶ σημεῖον ἔλαβεν περιτομῆς, σφραγῖδα τῆς δικαιοσύνης τῆς πίστεως 1 According to Paul, what purpose did **the sign of circumcision** serve for Abraham?
4:11 s4im basic,observe τῆς δικαιοσύνης τῆς πίστεως τῆς ἐν τῇ ἀκροβυστίᾳ 1 According to Paul, when did Abraham have this **faith**?
4:11 h5e2 basic,observe εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν πατέρα πάντων τῶν πιστευόντων δι’ ἀκροβυστίας 1 According to Paul, of whom did Abraham become **the father**?
4:11 d64g basic,observe εἰς τὸ λογισθῆναι αὐτοῖς τὴν δικαιοσύνην 1 Here **so that** introduces the purpose for which these **uncircumcised** people believed. What was that purpose?
4:12 l106 basic,observe καὶ πατέρα περιτομῆς τοῖς οὐκ ἐκ περιτομῆς μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς στοιχοῦσιν τοῖς ἴχνεσιν τῆς ἐν ἀκροβυστίᾳ πίστεως, τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἀβραάμ. 1 According to Paul, of what other group has **Abraham** become **the father**?
4:12 kz78 basic,observe περιτομῆς τοῖς οὐκ ἐκ περιτομῆς μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς στοιχοῦσιν τοῖς ἴχνεσιν τῆς ἐν ἀκροβυστίᾳ πίστεως, τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἀβραάμ 1 Here Paul implies that being **circumcised** is not enough to make a person righteous. What what they also do?
4:12 l107 basic,interpret ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς στοιχοῦσιν τοῖς ἴχνεσιν τῆς ἐν ἀκροβυστίᾳ πίστεως, τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἀβραάμ 1 What does Paul mean when he speak of walking **in the footsteps of the faith that our father Abraham had before he was circumcised**?
4:13 l108 basic,observe ἡ ἐπαγγελία τῷ Ἀβραὰμ ἢ τῷ σπέρματι αὐτοῦ, τὸ κληρονόμον αὐτὸν εἶναι κόσμου 1 According to Paul, what **promise** was given **to Abraham and his offspring**?
4:13 l109 basic,observe οὐ γὰρ διὰ νόμου ἡ ἐπαγγελία τῷ Ἀβραὰμ ἢ τῷ σπέρματι αὐτοῦ, τὸ κληρονόμον αὐτὸν εἶναι κόσμου 1 According to Paul, what role did **the law** play in bringing **the promise to Abraham and his offspring**?
4:13 s7a7 basic,observe ἀλλὰ διὰ δικαιοσύνης πίστεως 1 According to Paul, what brought **the promise to Abraham and his offspring**?
4:14 ktz2 basic,observe εἰ γὰρ οἱ ἐκ νόμου κληρονόμοι, κεκένωται ἡ πίστις καὶ κατήργηται ἡ ἐπαγγελία.\n\n 1 Here **For if** introduces the result of **those who live by the law** being the **heirs**. What is that result?
4:15 ne7a basic,observe ὁ γὰρ νόμος ὀργὴν κατεργάζεται; 1 Here **because** introduces the reason why faith is useless and the promise is worthless if the heirs live by **the law**. What is that reason?
4:15 l110 basic,observe οὗ δὲ οὐκ ἔστιν νόμος, οὐδὲ παράβασις. 1 According to Paul, what happens when **there is no law**?
4:15 qw6j basic,interpret οὗ δὲ οὐκ ἔστιν νόμος, οὐδὲ παράβασις. 1 Why can there only be **transgression** where there is **law**?
4:16 w4is basic,observe διὰ τοῦτο ἐκ πίστεως & τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν 1 Here **Therefore** refers back to the reason why **the promise** must come **by faith** rather than by law. What was that reason?
4:16 zr62 basic,observe ἵνα κατὰ χάριν 1 Here **so that** introduces the result of **the promise** coming **by faith**. What is that result?
4:16 l111 basic,observe εἰς τὸ εἶναι βεβαίαν, τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν παντὶ τῷ σπέρματι 1 Because **the promise** rests **on grace**, to whom is it **guaranteed**?
4:16 l112 basic,observe οὐ τῷ ἐκ τοῦ νόμου μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ ἐκ πίστεως Ἀβραάμ 1 What two groups does Paul here include as being **Abraham’s offspring**?
4:16 l113 basic,observe ὅς ἐστιν πατὴρ πάντων ἡμῶν 1 According to Paul, what is the relationship of **Abraham** to both the Jews **who are of the law** and the Gentiles **who are of the faith of Abraham**?
4:17 qq48 basic,observe καθὼς γέγραπται, ὅτι πατέρα πολλῶν ἐθνῶν τέθεικά σε 1 According to this quotation from Genesis 17, what has God made Abraham?
4:17 s97r basic,interpret κατέναντι οὗ ἐπίστευσεν Θεοῦ 1 What does Paul here mean when he says that Abraham is our father **in the presence of God**?
4:17 yj6j basic,observe τοῦ ζῳοποιοῦντος τοὺς νεκροὺς 1 According to Paul, what does **God** do for **the dead**?
4:17 l114 basic,observe καὶ καλοῦντος τὰ μὴ ὄντα ὡς ὄντα 1 According to Paul, what does **God** do with **what does not yet exist**?
4:18 l115 basic,observe ὃς παρ’ ἐλπίδα, ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι ἐπίστευσεν, εἰς τὸ γενέσθαι αὐτὸν πατέρα πολλῶν ἐθνῶν 1 According to Paul, what did **Abraham** do in order to become **the father of many nations**?
4:18 l116 basic,observe κατὰ τὸ εἰρημένον, οὕτως ἔσται τὸ σπέρμα σου 1 According to this quotation from Genesis 15, why did **Abraham** believe that he would become **the father of many nations**?
4:19,18 x1y4 basic,observe κατενόησεν τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σῶμα ἤδη νενεκρωμένον, ἑκατονταετής που ὑπάρχων, καὶ τὴν νέκρωσιν τῆς μήτρας Σάρρας & παρ’ ἐλπίδα 1 Here Paul describes the reasons that Abraham’s belief that he would become the father of many nations was **against all hope**. What were those reasons?
4:19 u2di basic,observe καὶ μὴ ἀσθενήσας τῇ πίστει 1 According to Paul, how did Abraham respond to God’s promise despite acknowledging **the decrepitness of his body (since he was about a hundred years old) and the lifelessness of Sarah’s womb**?
4:19 ca2k basic,apply καὶ μὴ ἀσθενήσας τῇ πίστει, κατενόησεν τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σῶμα ἤδη νενεκρωμένον, ἑκατονταετής που ὑπάρχων, καὶ τὴν νέκρωσιν τῆς μήτρας Σάρρας; 1 How much faith would it take for a hundred year old man to believe God’s promise of becoming the father of many nations?
4:20 l117 basic,observe εἰς δὲ τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, οὐ διεκρίθη τῇ ἀπιστίᾳ, ἀλλ’ ἐνεδυναμώθη τῇ πίστει, δοὺς δόξαν τῷ Θεῷ, 1 According to Paul, how did Abraham respond to **the promise of God** despite that fact that he and Sarah were too old to have children?
4:20 hnr7 basic,interpret οὐ διεκρίθη τῇ ἀπιστίᾳ 1 What does Paul mean when he says that Abraham **did not waver through disbelief**?
4:20 l118 basic,interpret ἐνεδυναμώθη τῇ πίστει 1 In this context, what does Paul mean when he says that Abraham **was strengthened in his faith**?
4:21 pw8t basic,observe καὶ πληροφορηθεὶς ὅτι ὃ ἐπήγγελται, δυνατός ἐστιν καὶ ποιῆσαι 1 Paul here gives the reason why Abraham did not waver through disbelief in the promise of God. What was that reason?
4:22 adz8 basic,observe διὸ καὶ ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην. 1 Here **That is why** refers back to the reason why Abraham’s faith **was credited to him as righteousness**. What was that reason?
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