front:intro pla1 0 # Romans Study Questions\n\nAsk yourself these questions as you carefully read this letter, and pray to God that he will open your eyes to see his message clearly.
1:1 uk55 basic,observe Παῦλος 1 Who identifies himself as the author of this letter?
1:1 f1b5 basic,observe δοῦλος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ, κλητὸς ἀπόστολος 1 How does **Paul** here describe himself to the church in Rome?
1:1 qhd9 basic,interpret δοῦλος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ, κλητὸς ἀπόστολος 1 Why do you think **Paul** lists that he is **a servant of Christ Jesus** before saying that he is **an apostle**?
1:1 hyp6 basic,observe ἀφωρισμένος εἰς εὐαγγέλιον Θεοῦ 1 According to **Paul**, for what purpose was he **set apart**?
1:2 hud2 basic,observe ὃ προεπηγγείλατο διὰ τῶν προφητῶν αὐτοῦ ἐν Γραφαῖς ἁγίαις 1 Here Paul begins to explain the gospel of God. What is that gospel?
1:2 z9dq basic,observe ὃ προεπηγγείλατο διὰ τῶν προφητῶν αὐτοῦ ἐν Γραφαῖς ἁγίαις 1 According to Paul, what means did God useto promise **the gospel** beforehand?
1:3 l000 basic,observe περὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 According to Paul, who does the gospel regard?
1:3 fud1 basic,observe τοῦ γενομένου ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυεὶδ κατὰ σάρκα 1 Paul here further identifies **His Son**. Who is He?
1:3 l001 basic,interpret ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυεὶδ κατὰ σάρκα 1 What does Paul here mean when he refers to God’s **Son** as a descendant of David **according to the flesh**?
1:4 nr63 basic,observe τοῦ ὁρισθέντος Υἱοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν δυνάμει κατὰ Πνεῦμα ἁγιωσύνης 1 According to Paul, who **declared with power** that Jesus was **the Son of God**?
1:4 vhj8 basic,interpret Πνεῦμα ἁγιωσύνης 1 Why does Paul here refer to the Holy Spirit as **the Spirit of holiness**?
1:4 h7q1 basic,observe ἐξ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν 1 According to Paul, what proof did **the Spirit of holiness** offer that Jesus was **the Son of God**?
1:4 l002 basic,observe Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν 1 According to Paul, what is the name of the **Son of God**?
1:5 l003 basic,observe δι’ οὗ ἐλάβομεν χάριν καὶ ἀποστολὴν 1 According to Paul, what did he and his companions receive through Jesus?
1:5 gb16 basic,observe ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ 1 According to Paul, for whose **sake** did he and his companions receive **grace and apostleship**?
1:5 l004 basic,observe εἰς ὑπακοὴν πίστεως ἐν πᾶσιν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν 1 According to Paul, what was the purpose for which God gave him **grace and apostleship**?
1:5 a4q9 basic,interpret εἰς ὑπακοὴν πίστεως 1 What does Paul mean when he refers to **the obedience that comes from faith**?
1:6 l228 basic,observe ἐν οἷς ἐστε καὶ ὑμεῖς κλητοὶ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ; 1 According to Paul, to what group do his readers in Rome also belong?
1:7 gzw1 basic,observe πᾶσιν τοῖς οὖσιν ἐν Ῥώμῃ, ἀγαπητοῖς Θεοῦ, κλητοῖς ἁγίοις 1 To whom does Paul address his letter?
1:7 d3ua basic,observe πᾶσιν τοῖς οὖσιν ἐν Ῥώμῃ, ἀγαπητοῖς Θεοῦ, κλητοῖς ἁγίοις 1 According to Paul, what are those **who are loved by God** also **called to be**?
1:7 nnu9 basic,observe χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς ἡμῶν καὶ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 What does Paul desire for the **saints** **in Rome** to received from **God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ**?
1:8 uu87 basic,observe πρῶτον μὲν εὐχαριστῶ τῷ Θεῷ μου διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ περὶ πάντων ὑμῶν 1 What is the first thing that Paul wants to tell his readers in this letter?
1:8 l009 basic,observe ὅτι ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν καταγγέλλεται ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ κόσμῳ 1 Here **because** introduces the reason why Paul thanks **God** for all the believers in Rome. What is that reason?
1:8 csc9 basic,interpret ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν καταγγέλλεται ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ κόσμῳ 1 Do you think Paul was exaggerating when he said that their **faith is being proclaimed all over the world**?
1:9 c7cj basic,observe μάρτυς γάρ μού ἐστιν ὁ Θεός, ᾧ λατρεύω ἐν τῷ πνεύματί μου ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ, ὡς ἀδιαλείπτως μνείαν ὑμῶν ποιοῦμαι 1 According to Paul, who is his **witness how constantly** he remembers the believers in Rome?
1:9 l010 basic,observe ὁ Θεός, ᾧ λατρεύω ἐν τῷ πνεύματί μου ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 According to Paul, in what way does he **serve** **God** with his **spirit**?
1:9 l011 basic,interpret ᾧ λατρεύω ἐν τῷ πνεύματί μου 1 What does Paul mean when he says that he serves God **with** his **spirit**?
1:10 jr7f basic,observe πάντοτε ἐπὶ τῶν προσευχῶν μου 1 Here Paul specifies how he constantly remembers the believers in Rome. How does he do that?
1:10 l012 basic,observe δεόμενος εἴ πως ἤδη ποτὲ εὐοδωθήσομαι ἐν τῷ θελήματι τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἐλθεῖν πρὸς ὑμᾶς 1 What is Paul currently asking God in his prayers to do for him?
1:11 vyl8 basic,observe ἐπιποθῶ γὰρ ἰδεῖν ὑμᾶς, ἵνα τι μεταδῶ χάρισμα ὑμῖν πνευματικὸν, εἰς τὸ στηριχθῆναι ὑμᾶς; 1 Here **For** introduces the reason why Paul wants to succeed in coming to the Romans. What is that reason?
1:11 abc1 basic,observe ἵνα τι μεταδῶ χάρισμα ὑμῖν πνευματικὸν, εἰς τὸ στηριχθῆναι ὑμᾶς 1 Here **that** introduces the purpose for which Paul wants to **impart to** the Romans **some spiritual gift**. What is that purpose?
1:12 vq5g basic,observe τοῦτο δέ ἐστιν συνπαρακληθῆναι ἐν ὑμῖν, διὰ τῆς ἐν ἀλλήλοις πίστεως, ὑμῶν τε καὶ ἐμοῦ. 1 Here **that is** introduces the reason why the Roman believers will be strengthened by his visit to them. What is that reason?
1:12 wed9 basic,observe τοῦτο δέ ἐστιν συνπαρακληθῆναι ἐν ὑμῖν, διὰ τῆς ἐν ἀλλήλοις πίστεως, ὑμῶν τε καὶ ἐμοῦ. 1 According to Paul, what will **mutually** encourage both him and the Romans?
1:13 pa9c basic,observe οὐ θέλω δὲ ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν, ἀδελφοί, ὅτι πολλάκις προεθέμην ἐλθεῖν πρὸς ὑμᾶς, καὶ ἐκωλύθην ἄχρι τοῦ δεῦρο 1 According to Paul, what is the thing of which he does **not want** the Romans **to be unaware**?
1:13 l013 basic,observe πολλάκις προεθέμην ἐλθεῖν πρὸς ὑμᾶς, καὶ ἐκωλύθην ἄχρι τοῦ δεῦρο 1 According to Paul, why had he not yet visited Rome?
1:13 ph9z basic,observe ἵνα τινὰ καρπὸν σχῶ καὶ ἐν ὑμῖν, καθὼς καὶ ἐν τοῖς λοιποῖς ἔθνεσιν 1 Here **in order that** introduces the purpose for which Paul wants to visit the Romans. What is that purpose?
1:13 bjl6 basic,interpret τινὰ καρπὸν σχῶ καὶ ἐν ὑμῖν 1 What does Paul mean when he refers to **a harvest among** the Romans?
1:13 ntl8 basic,observe καθὼς καὶ ἐν τοῖς λοιποῖς ἔθνεσιν 1 According to Paul, where has he already had **a harvest**?
1:14 uwu7 basic,observe Ἕλλησίν τε καὶ βαρβάροις, σοφοῖς τε καὶ ἀνοήτοις, ὀφειλέτης εἰμί. 1 According to Paul, to whom is he **obligated**?
1:15 b8b7 basic,observe οὕτως τὸ κατ’ ἐμὲ, πρόθυμον καὶ ὑμῖν τοῖς ἐν Ῥώμῃ εὐαγγελίσασθαι. 1 Here Paul explains what he is obligated to do. What is that?
1:16 c8ss basic,observe οὐ γὰρ ἐπαισχύνομαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον 1 According to Paul, of what is he **not ashamed**?
1:16 r3aa basic,observe δύναμις γὰρ Θεοῦ ἐστιν εἰς σωτηρίαν παντὶ τῷ πιστεύοντι 1 Here **because** introduces the reason why Paul is **not ashamed of the gospel**. What is that reason?
1:16 d1zm basic,observe Ἰουδαίῳ τε πρῶτον 1 According to Paul, to whom was **the gospel** **first** given?
1:16 l014 basic,observe καὶ Ἕλληνι 1 According to Paul, to whom was **the gospel** given after **the Jew**?
1:17 sfb1 basic,observe δικαιοσύνη γὰρ Θεοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ ἀποκαλύπτεται, ἐκ πίστεως εἰς πίστιν 1 According to Paul, what does **the gospel** reveal?
1:17 ki8l basic,interpret ἐκ πίστεως εἰς πίστιν 1 What does Paul mean when he says that the gospel **comes by faith from start to finish**?
1:17 es4l basic,observe καθὼς γέγραπται, ὁ δὲ δίκαιος ἐκ πίστεως ζήσεται. 1 According to this quotation from Habakkuk 2, what will enable the **righteous** to live?
1:18 l015 basic,observe ἀποκαλύπτεται γὰρ ὀργὴ Θεοῦ ἀπ’ οὐρανοῦ 1 According to Paul, what **is being revealed from heaven**?
1:18 l016 basic,observe ἐπὶ πᾶσαν ἀσέβειαν καὶ ἀδικίαν ἀνθρώπων 1 According to Paul, against whom is the **wrath of God** **being revealed**?
1:18 l017 basic,observe τῶν τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐν ἀδικίᾳ κατεχόντων 1 According to Paul, what do godless and wicked men do with **the truth**?
1:19 n654 basic,observe διότι τὸ γνωστὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, φανερόν ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς 1 According to Paul, what **is plain to** the godless and wicked men in verse 18?
1:19 q1p8 basic,observe ὁ Θεὸς γὰρ αὐτοῖς ἐφανέρωσεν. 1 Here **because** introduces the reason why **what may be known about God is plain to** these godless and wicked men. What is that reason?
1:20 td57 basic,observe τὰ γὰρ ἀόρατα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ κτίσεως κόσμου & καθορᾶται; ἥ τε ἀΐδιος αὐτοῦ δύναμις καὶ θειότης 1 Here **For** introduces the reason why Paul says that God has made plain to wicked men what may be know about Him. What is that reason?
1:20 sz79 basic,observe τοῖς ποιήμασιν νοούμενα 1 According to Paul, how are wicked men able to understand what God has made known to them?
1:20 abc2 basic,observe εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἀναπολογήτους 1 Here **so that** introduces the result of God making **His eternal power and divine nature** to be **clearly seen** and **understood**. What is that result?
1:21 hgb9 basic,observe διότι γνόντες τὸν Θεὸν, οὐχ ὡς Θεὸν ἐδόξασαν ἢ ηὐχαρίστησαν 1 Here **For** introduces the reason why wicked men are without excuse before **God**. What is that reason?
1:21 l019 basic,observe οὐχ ὡς Θεὸν ἐδόξασαν ἢ ηὐχαρίστησαν 1 According to Paul, what did wicked men fail to do for **God**?
1:21 ie95 basic,observe ἀλλ’ ἐματαιώθησαν ἐν τοῖς διαλογισμοῖς αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐσκοτίσθη ἡ ἀσύνετος αὐτῶν καρδία; 1 Here **but** introduces what wicked men did rather than glorify and give thanks to **God**. What did they do instead?
1:21 x36x basic,interpret ἐματαιώθησαν ἐν τοῖς διαλογισμοῖς αὐτῶν 1 What does Paul mean when he says that **they became futile in their thinking**?
1:21 l020 basic,interpret ἐσκοτίσθη ἡ ἀσύνετος αὐτῶν καρδία 1 What does Paul mean when he says that they became **darkened in their foolish hearts**?
1:22 c52s basic,observe φάσκοντες εἶναι σοφοὶ 1 What did these wicked men claim to be?
1:22 p472 basic,observe ἐμωράνθησαν 1 According to Paul, what did these wicked men actually become?
1:23 l022 basic,observe καὶ ἤλλαξαν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ ἀφθάρτου Θεοῦ 1 According to Paul, what did these wicked men give up?
1:23 w32h basic,observe ἐν ὁμοιώματι εἰκόνος φθαρτοῦ ἀνθρώπου, καὶ πετεινῶν, καὶ τετραπόδων, καὶ ἑρπετῶν 1 According to Paul, what did these wicked men accept in place of **the glory of the immortal God**?
1:24 qe48 basic,observe διὸ παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν αὐτῶν 1 Here **Therefore** introduces the result of these men replacing His glory for **images of mortal man and birds and animals and reptiles**. What was that result?
1:24 l024 basic,interpret παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν αὐτῶν 1 What does Paul mean when he says that God **gave them over in the desires of their hearts**?
1:24 l025 basic,observe εἰς ἀκαθαρσίαν, τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι τὰ σώματα αὐτῶν ἐν αὐτοῖς 1 According to Paul, what did **the desires of their hearts** cause these foolish men to do?
1:24 j49j basic,interpret τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι τὰ σώματα αὐτῶν ἐν αὐτοῖς 1 What does Paul mean when he refers to **the dishonoring of their bodies with one another**?
1:25 ujs1 basic,observe οἵτινες μετήλλαξαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν τῷ ψεύδει 1 According to Paul, what did these foolish men do with **the truth of God**?
1:25 asn2 basic,observe καὶ ἐσεβάσθησαν καὶ ἐλάτρευσαν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν κτίσαντα 1 According to Paul, what did these foolish men serve?
1:25 l026 basic,observe τὸν κτίσαντα, ὅς ἐστιν εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. ἀμήν! 1 How does Paul here describe **the Creator**?
1:26 l027 basic,observe διὰ τοῦτο, παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς εἰς πάθη ἀτιμίας; 1 Here **For this reason** refers back to the previous verses to explain why **God gave** these foolish men **over to dishonorable passions**. What was that **reason**?
1:26 l028 basic,interpret εἰς πάθη ἀτιμίας 1 What does Paul mean when he here refers to **dishonorable passions**?
1:26 p3jn basic,observe αἵ τε γὰρ θήλειαι αὐτῶν μετήλλαξαν τὴν φυσικὴν χρῆσιν εἰς τὴν παρὰ φύσιν, 1 For what did the **women** of these foolish men exchange **natural relations**?
1:26 yp6z basic,interpret εἰς τὴν παρὰ φύσιν 1 What does Paul mean when he here refers to **unnatural ones**?
1:27 pd7h basic,observe ὁμοίως τε καὶ οἱ ἄρσενες ἀφέντες τὴν φυσικὴν χρῆσιν τῆς θηλείας, ἐξεκαύθησαν ἐν τῇ ὀρέξει αὐτῶν εἰς ἀλλήλους, 1 Here **Likewise** indicates that these foolish **men** did the same thing as their women did in verse 26. What did they do?
1:27 x9qk basic,interpret οἱ ἄρσενες ἀφέντες τὴν φυσικὴν χρῆσιν τῆς θηλείας 1 What does Paul here mean when he refers to the **natural relations with women** that these foolish **men abandoned**?
1:27 l030 basic,interpret ἐξεκαύθησαν ἐν τῇ ὀρέξει αὐτῶν εἰς ἀλλήλους 1 What does Paul mean when he says that these men **burned with lust for one another**?
1:27 g5t1 basic,interpret ἄρσενες ἐν ἄρσεσιν τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην κατεργαζόμενοι 1 What does Paul mean when he says that these men **committed indecent acts with other men**?
1:27 q6y3 basic,observe καὶ τὴν ἀντιμισθίαν ἣν ἔδει τῆς πλάνης αὐτῶν, ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἀπολαμβάνοντες 1 According to Paul, what did these men receive as a result of the **committed indecent acts** they committed **with other men**?
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