front:intro pla1 0 # Galatians Study Questions\n\nAsk yourself these questions as you carefully read this letter, and pray to God that he will open your eyes to see his message clearly.
1:1 uk55 basic,observe Παῦλος, ἀπόστολος (οὐκ ἀπ’ ἀνθρώπων, οὐδὲ δι’ ἀνθρώπου, ἀλλὰ διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς 1 Who does Paul say sent him to be **an apostle**?
1:1 f1b5 basic,interpret οὐκ ἀπ’ ἀνθρώπων, οὐδὲ δι’ ἀνθρώπου 1 Why does Paul emphasize that his apostleship was **not from men nor through man**?
1:1 qhd9 basic,observe ἀλλὰ διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς τοῦ ἐγείραντος αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 What miraculous work did *God the Father** do for *Jesus Christ**?
1:2 hyp6 basic,observe καὶ οἱ σὺν ἐμοὶ πάντες ἀδελφοί 1 Who joined with Paul in sending this letter to the Galatians?
1:2 hud2 basic,observe ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Γαλατίας 1 To whom specifically did Paul send this letter?
1:3 z9dq basic,observe χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 What two things did Paul want **God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ** to give to the believers in Galatia?
1:4 l000 basic,observe τοῦ δόντος ἑαυτὸν περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν 1 What did Jesus give **for our sins**?
1:4 fud1 basic,observe ὅπως ἐξέληται ἡμᾶς ἐκ τοῦ αἰῶνος τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος πονηροῦ 1 From what did Jesus rescue believers?
1:4 l001 basic,interpret τοῦ αἰῶνος τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος πονηροῦ 1 What do you think is **evil** about **the present age**?
1:6 h7q1 basic,observe θαυμάζω ὅτι οὕτως ταχέως, μετατίθεσθε ἀπὸ τοῦ καλέσαντος ὑμᾶς ἐν χάριτι Χριστοῦ, εἰς ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον 1 What were the Galatians doing that **amazed** Paul?
1:6 l002 basic,observe μετατίθεσθε ἀπὸ τοῦ καλέσαντος ὑμᾶς ἐν χάριτι Χριστοῦ 1 What were the Galatians **deserting**?
1:6 l003 basic,observe εἰς ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον 1 To what were the Galatians **turning** in place of **the grace of Christ**?
1:7 gb16 basic,observe ὃ οὐκ ἔστιν\n 1 What was Paul’s opinion of the **gospel** to which the Galatians were turning?
1:7 l004 basic,observe εἰ μή τινές εἰσιν οἱ ταράσσοντες ὑμᾶς, καὶ θέλοντες μεταστρέψαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 What was the source of this different **gospel** to which the Galatians were turning?
1:7 a4q9 basic,observe θέλοντες μεταστρέψαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 What does Paul believe are the motives of the people who are preaching this different **gospel** to the Galatians?
1:8 l228 basic,observe ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐὰν ἡμεῖς ἢ ἄγγελος ἐξ οὐρανοῦ εὐαγγελίζηται ὑμῖν παρ’ ὃ εὐηγγελισάμεθα ὑμῖν, ἀνάθεμα ἔστω! 1 What does Paul say should happen to anyone who preaches **a gospel contrary to the one** Paul preached to the Galatians?
1:8 gzw1 basic,interpret ἄγγελος ἐξ οὐρανοῦ εὐαγγελίζηται ὑμῖν 1 In what way might **an angel from heaven** be able to **preach a gospel** to people?
1:9 d3ua basic,interpret ὡς προειρήκαμεν, καὶ ἄρτι πάλιν λέγω 1 Paul was very clear in verse 8. Why do you think he repeats himself in this verse?
1:9 nnu9 basic,observe εἴ τις ὑμᾶς εὐαγγελίζεται παρ’ ὃ παρελάβετε, ἀνάθεμα ἔστω! 1 Again, what does Paul say should happen to anyone who preaches **a gospel contrary to the one** the Galatians originally received from Paul?
1:10-12 uu87 basic,interpret ἀνθρώπους πείθω & ἀνθρώποις ἀρέσκειν & ἀνθρώποις ἤρεσκον & οὐκ ἔστιν κατὰ ἄνθρωπον & οὐδὲ & ἐγὼ παρὰ ἀνθρώπου παρέλαβον αὐτό 1 In verses 10-12, Paul repeatedly emphasizes that his gospel message did not come **from men**. How might this explain why he begins the letter with the statement in verse 1 that his apostleship is from God, and not from men?
1:10 csc9 basic,interpret εἰ ἔτι ἀνθρώποις ἤρεσκον, Χριστοῦ δοῦλος οὐκ ἂν ἤμην 1 Why is it not possible to seek to **please men** and to be **a servant of Christ** at the same time?
1:11-12 c7cj basic,observe γνωρίζω γὰρ ὑμῖν, ἀδελφοί, τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τὸ εὐαγγελισθὲν ὑπ’ ἐμοῦ, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν κατὰ ἄνθρωπον. & οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐγὼ παρὰ ἀνθρώπου παρέλαβον αὐτό, οὔτε ἐδιδάχθην 1 In verses 11-12, Paul lists three ways in which his **gospel** did not come **from man**. What are those three ways?
1:12 l010 basic,observe ἀλλὰ δι’ ἀποκαλύψεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 What was the true source of the gospel that Paul preached?
1:13 l011 basic,observe ἠκούσατε γὰρ τὴν ἐμὴν ἀναστροφήν ποτε ἐν τῷ Ἰουδαϊσμῷ, ὅτι καθ’ ὑπερβολὴν ἐδίωκον τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ ἐπόρθουν αὐτήν. 1 How did Paul treat **the church of God** in his **former way of life**?
1:13 jr7f basic,interpretation ἠκούσατε γὰρ τὴν ἐμὴν ἀναστροφήν ποτε ἐν τῷ Ἰουδαϊσμῷ 1 What have you read about Paul’s **former way of life in Judaism** in Acts 9?
1:14 l012 basic,observe περισσοτέρως ζηλωτὴς ὑπάρχων τῶν πατρικῶν μου παραδόσεων 1 What was the reason that Paul was **advancing in Judaism beyond many of** his **contemporaries**?
1:14 vyl8 basic,interpret περισσοτέρως ζηλωτὴς ὑπάρχων τῶν πατρικῶν μου παραδόσεων 1 Why would Paul’s zeal for **the traditions of** his Jewish **fathers** cause him to persecute the church?
1:15 abc1 basic,observe ὅτε δὲ εὐδόκησεν ὁ, ἀφορίσας με ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός μου 1 When did God set Paul apart to be an apostle for him?
1:15 wed9 basic,observe καλέσας διὰ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ 1 What caused God to call Paul to be an apostle and to serve God?
1:16 vq5g basic,observe ἀποκαλύψαι τὸν Υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐμοὶ, ἵνα εὐαγγελίζωμαι αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν 1 Here **so that** introduces the reason that God was pleased **to reveal His Son** in Paul. What was that reason?
1:16 pa9c basic,observe εὐαγγελίζωμαι αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν 1 To whom specifically did God send Paul to preach?
1:16 l013 basic,interpret εὐθέως οὐ προσανεθέμην σαρκὶ καὶ αἵματι 1 To whom was Paul referring as the **flesh and blood** whom he did not consult?
1:16 ph9z basic,interpret εὐθέως οὐ προσανεθέμην σαρκὶ καὶ αἵματι 1 Why do you think that Paul is again stressing that he did not consult with other people about the gospel that he received from God?
1:17 bjl6 basic,interpret οὐδὲ ἀνῆλθον εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα πρὸς τοὺς πρὸ ἐμοῦ ἀποστόλους 1 Why is it surprising that Paul did not immediately **go up to Jerusalem** to meet with the other apostles about the gospel he had received?
1:17 ntl8 basic,observe ἀλλὰ ἀπῆλθον εἰς Ἀραβίαν, καὶ πάλιν ὑπέστρεψα εἰς Δαμασκόν 1 Where did Paul go instead of to Jerusalem?
1:17 uwu7 basic,interpret ἀπῆλθον εἰς Ἀραβίαν 1 **Arabia** was a desert area with few people. Why do you think Paul went to spend time there instead of to the religious leaders in Jerusalem?
1:18 b8b7 basic,observe ἔπειτα μετὰ ἔτη τρία, ἀνῆλθον εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα 1 How long did Paul wait after his conversion before he went to Jerusalem?
1:18 c8ss basic,observe ἀνῆλθον εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἱστορῆσαι Κηφᾶν 1 What was the reason that Paul finally went up to Jerusalem?
1:18 r3aa basic,observe ἱστορῆσαι Κηφᾶν, καὶ ἐπέμεινα πρὸς αὐτὸν ἡμέρας δεκαπέντε 1 How long did Paul stay with Cephas (Peter) in Jerusalem?
1:19 d1zm basic,observe ἕτερον δὲ τῶν ἀποστόλων οὐκ εἶδον, εἰ μὴ Ἰάκωβον, τὸν ἀδελφὸν τοῦ Κυρίου 1 Who else did Paul visit in Jerusalem in addition to Cephas?
1:19 l014 basic,interpret Ἰάκωβον, τὸν ἀδελφὸν τοῦ Κυρίου 1 What was the role of **James, the Lord’s brother** in the Jerusalem church at that time? Why would Paul have visited him?
1:20 sfb1 basic,interpret ἃ δὲ γράφω ὑμῖν, ἰδοὺ, ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ ὅτι οὐ ψεύδομαι. 1 Why is it so important that the Galatians believer that Paul received his gospel directly from God and not from men?
1:21 ki8l basic,observe ἔπειτα ἦλθον εἰς τὰ κλίματα τῆς Συρίας καὶ τῆς Κιλικίας 1 Where is Paul go after spending three weeks in Jerusalem?
1:22 es4l basic,observe ἤμην δὲ ἀγνοούμενος τῷ προσώπῳ ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Ἰουδαίας, ταῖς ἐν Χριστῷ 1 According to Paul, what contact did he have with the other churches in Judea during this time?
1:23 l015 basic,observe μόνον δὲ ἀκούοντες ἦσαν, ὅτι ὁ διώκων ἡμᾶς ποτε, νῦν εὐαγγελίζεται τὴν πίστιν, ἥν ποτε ἐπόρθει. 1 What testimony did the churches in Judea hear about Paul while he was in Syria and Cilicia?
2:2 q1p8 basic,observe ἀνέβην δὲ κατὰ ἀποκάλυψιν 1 What caused Paul to decide to go to Jerusalem at that time?
2:2 td57 basic,observe καὶ ἀνεθέμην αὐτοῖς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον ὃ κηρύσσω ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν 1 What was the purpose for which Paul went to Jerusalem this time?
2:2 sz79 basic,observe κατ’ ἰδίαν δὲ τοῖς δοκοῦσιν, μή πως εἰς κενὸν τρέχω ἢ ἔδραμον. 1 Why did Paul choose to speak **privately to those recognized as leaders**?\n
2:3 abc2 basic,interpret ἀλλ’ οὐδὲ Τίτος ὁ σὺν ἐμοί, Ἕλλην ὤν, ἠναγκάσθη περιτμηθῆναι 1 Considering the role of **Titus**, what question about Paul’s gospel was the point of discussion during the visit Jerusalem?
2:3 hgb9 basic,observe οὐδὲ Τίτος & ἠναγκάσθη περιτμηθῆναι 1 Based on the decision about Titus, did the leaders in the Jerusalem church consider it necessary for believers in Christ to be circumcised?
2:4 l019 basic,observe διὰ δὲ τοὺς παρεισάκτους ψευδαδέλφους, οἵτινες παρεισῆλθον κατασκοπῆσαι τὴν ἐλευθερίαν ἡμῶν, ἣν ἔχομεν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ἵνα ἡμᾶς καταδουλώσουσιν; 1 Who had insisted that believers in Christ had to be circumcised?
2:4 ie95 basic,observe ψευδαδέλφους, οἵτινες παρεισῆλθον 1 What label did Paul use to refer to the people who preached a gospel that required circumcision?
2:4 x36x basic,observe ἵνα ἡμᾶς καταδουλώσουσιν 1 In Paul’s opinion, what motivated these false brothers to preach a gospel that required circumcision?
2:5 l020 basic,observe οἷς οὐδὲ πρὸς ὥραν εἴξαμεν τῇ ὑποταγῇ 1 How did Paul and the leaders of the Jerusalem church respond to the false brothers who preached that circumcision was necessary for believers in Christ?
2:5 c52s basic,observe ἵνα ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ εὐαγγελίου διαμείνῃ πρὸς ὑμᾶς 1 Here **so that** introduces the purpose for which Paul and the Jerusalem church leaders rejected the gospel that included circumcision. What was that purpose?
2:6 p472 basic,observe ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν δοκούντων εἶναί τι\n(ὁποῖοί ποτε ἦσαν, οὐδέν μοι διαφέρει, πρόσωπον ὁ Θεὸς ἀνθρώπου οὐ λαμβάνει) 1 Did Paul consider that the Jerusalem church leaders had the authority to change the message Paul had received by revelation from God?
2:6 l022 basic,observe ἐμοὶ γὰρ οἱ δοκοῦντες οὐδὲν προσανέθεντο 1 Did the Jerusalem church leaders tell Paul to change his gospel message in any way?
2:7 w32h basic,observe ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον ἰδόντες ὅτι πεπίστευμαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς ἀκροβυστίας, καθὼς Πέτρος τῆς περιτομῆς 1 To what groups did God send Paul and Peter to preach?
2:7 qe48 basic,interpret πεπίστευμαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς ἀκροβυστίας, καθὼς Πέτρος τῆς περιτομῆς 1 Although Paul and Peter preached **the gospel** to two different groups of people, was there any difference in that gospel?
2:8 l024 basic,interpret ὁ γὰρ ἐνεργήσας Πέτρῳ εἰς ἀποστολὴν τῆς περιτομῆς, ἐνήργησεν καὶ ἐμοὶ εἰς τὰ ἔθνη 1 Who was **the One** who was at work in the apostleship of both Peter and Paul?
2:8 l025 basic,interpret ὁ & ἐνεργήσας Πέτρῳ εἰς ἀποστολὴν τῆς περιτομῆς, ἐνήργησεν καὶ ἐμοὶ εἰς τὰ ἔθνη 1 Since Paul has stated that the same **One** was at work in his apostleship and in Peter’s, would you expect there to be any difference in the basic facts of their gospel messages?
2:9 j49j basic,observe καὶ γνόντες τὴν χάριν τὴν δοθεῖσάν μοι, Ἰάκωβος καὶ Κηφᾶς, καὶ Ἰωάννης 1 Who at Jerusalem recognized **the grace** that Paul **had been given**?
2:9 ujs1 basic,interpret οἱ δοκοῦντες στῦλοι εἶναι 1 What does Paul want to say about **James, Cephas** and John** by saying they were **reputed to be pillars**?
2:9 asn2 basic,observe δεξιὰς ἔδωκαν ἐμοὶ καὶ Βαρναβᾷ κοινωνίας 1 What symbolic act did the Jerusalem church leaders do to show that they approved of the message that Paul was preaching?
2:9 l026 basic,observe ἵνα ἡμεῖς εἰς τὰ ἔθνη, αὐτοὶ δὲ εἰς τὴν περιτομήν 1 To whom did the Jerusalem church leaders agree that Paul and Barnabas should preach?
2:10 l027 basic,observe μόνον τῶν πτωχῶν ἵνα μνημονεύωμεν 1 What was the only thing the Jerusalem church leaders requested Paul and Barnabas to do in their ministry?
2:10 l028 basic,observe ὃ καὶ ἐσπούδασα αὐτὸ τοῦτο ποιῆσαι 1 Did the request of the Jerusalem church leaders actually make it necessary for Paul and Barnabas to change their ministry to the Gentiles in any way?
2:11 p3jn basic,observe ὅτε δὲ ἦλθεν Κηφᾶς εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν, κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτῷ ἀντέστην, ὅτι κατεγνωσμένος ἦν. 1 Why did Paul oppose Cephas **to his face** when he came to Antioch?
2:11 yp6z basic,interpret ὅτε δὲ ἦλθεν Κηφᾶς εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν, κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτῷ ἀντέστην 1 What do we learn about Paul’s status and an apostle if he was able to oppose and correct Peter?
2:12 pd7h basic,observe μετὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν συνήσθιεν 1 How did Peter interact with the believing **Gentiles** when he first arrived in Antioch?
2:12 x9qk basic,observe πρὸ τοῦ γὰρ ἐλθεῖν τινας ἀπὸ Ἰακώβου & ὅτε δὲ ἦλθον 1 What caused Peter to change the way he interacted with the Gentile believers in Antioch?
2:12 l030 basic,observe ὑπέστελλεν καὶ ἀφώριζεν ἑαυτόν, φοβούμενος τοὺς ἐκ περιτομῆς 1 In what way did Peter act inappropriately with the Gentile believer after the Jewish believers from Jerusalem arrived?
2:13 q6y3 basic,observe ὥστε καὶ Βαρναβᾶς συναπήχθη αὐτῶν τῇ ὑποκρίσει 1 How did the **hypocrisy** of Peter and the Jewish believers affect **Barnabas**?
2:14 l031 basic,observe ἀλλ’ ὅτε εἶδον ὅτι οὐκ ὀρθοποδοῦσιν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 According to Paul, what were Peter and the other Jewish believers doing wrong?
2:14 hgu3 basic,interpret οὐκ ὀρθοποδοῦσιν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 What would it mean for someone to walk **in line with the truth of the gospel**?
2:14 e14e basic,interpret εἶπον τῷ Κηφᾷ ἔμπροσθεν πάντων 1 Why do you think Paul rebuked Peter **in front of them all**?
2:14 h6vt basic,observe εἰ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος, ὑπάρχων ἐθνικῶς καὶ οὐκ Ἰουδαϊκῶς ζῇς 1 What pattern of life was Peter following?
2:14 r2ak basic,observe πῶς τὰ ἔθνη ἀναγκάζεις Ἰουδαΐζειν? 1 What pattern of life was Peter expecting the Gentile believers to adopt?
2:14 duy9 basic,interpret εἰ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος, ὑπάρχων ἐθνικῶς καὶ οὐκ Ἰουδαϊκῶς ζῇς, πῶς τὰ ἔθνη ἀναγκάζεις Ἰουδαΐζειν? 1 Peter did not follow Jewish customs, but tried to make the Gentile believers follow them. How does that explain why Paul called him a hypocrite in verse 13?
2:15 l032 basic,interpret ἡμεῖς φύσει Ἰουδαῖοι καὶ οὐκ ἐξ ἐθνῶν ἁμαρτωλοί 1 Is Paul saying that Jews are not **sinners**, or that the Jews only consider the Gentiles to be **sinners**?
2:16 l033 basic,observe εἰδότες δὲ ὅτι οὐ δικαιοῦται ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ἔργων νόμου, ἐὰν μὴ διὰ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ,\nκαὶ ἡμεῖς εἰς Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐπιστεύσαμεν, ἵνα δικαιωθῶμεν ἐκ πίστεως Χριστοῦ 1 As Jewish believers, by what means do Paul and Peter believe they are justified before God?
2:16 sa5y basic,observe οὐ δικαιοῦται ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ἔργων νόμου, ἐὰν μὴ διὰ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ,\nκαὶ ἡμεῖς εἰς Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐπιστεύσαμεν, ἵνα δικαιωθῶμεν ἐκ πίστεως Χριστοῦ, καὶ οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων νόμου, ὅτι ἐξ ἔργων νόμου, οὐ δικαιωθήσεται πᾶσα σάρξ 1 As Jewish believers, what things do Paul and Peter believe will not justify them before God?
2:16 l034 basic,interpret ἐξ ἔργων νόμου, οὐ δικαιωθήσεται πᾶσα σάρξ 1 In this book, what work of the law were false teachers telling the Galatians to do in order to be saved?
2:17 cda2 basic,observe εἰ δὲ ζητοῦντες δικαιωθῆναι ἐν Χριστῷ, εὑρέθημεν καὶ αὐτοὶ ἁμαρτωλοί, ἆρα Χριστὸς ἁμαρτίας διάκονος? μὴ γένοιτο! 1 According to Paul, being **justified in Christ** by faith means we do not keep or trust in the law of Moses. Does that mean Christ causes us to sin?
2:18 kpw1 basic,observe εἰ γὰρ ἃ κατέλυσα, ταῦτα πάλιν οἰκοδομῶ, παραβάτην ἐμαυτὸν συνιστάνω. 1 When Paul and Peter believed in Jesus, they tore down the authority of the law of Moses in their lives. What will they become if they rebuild the authority of that law over themselves?
2:18 w8yq basic,interpret εἰ γὰρ ἃ κατέλυσα, ταῦτα πάλιν οἰκοδομῶ, παραβάτην ἐμαυτὸν συνιστάνω. 1 By withdrawing from the Gentile believers, in what way was Peter rebuilding the law of Moses in his life?
2:19 z1xr basic,observe ἐγὼ γὰρ διὰ νόμου νόμῳ ἀπέθανον, ἵνα Θεῷ ζήσω 1 As Paul grew in his understanding of **the law**, what did he realize he had to do in order to **live to God**?
2:20 rl4c basic,observe τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ, τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντός με, καὶ παραδόντος ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ 1 What did Christ do for Paul to become worthy to direct the way Paul lives?
2:21 l038 basic,observe οὐκ ἀθετῶ τὴν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 How important is the **grace of God** to Paul?
2:21 tzh2 basic,observe εἰ γὰρ διὰ νόμου δικαιοσύνη, ἄρα Χριστὸς δωρεὰν ἀπέθανεν 1 Was the death of Christ necessary if it is possible for a person to be righteous by means of the law of Moses?
3:1 bp2n basic,observe οἷς κατ’ ὀφθαλμοὺς Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς προεγράφη ἐσταυρωμένος 1 According to Paul, what **was clearly portrayed** to the Galatians?
3:1 jmq9 basic,interpret Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς προεγράφη ἐσταυρωμένος 1 In 2:21, Paul said Christ died for nothing if the law can bring righteousness. Since Christ was indeed **crucified**, does the law have the power to bring righteousness?
3:2 l042 basic,observe ἐξ ἔργων νόμου τὸ Πνεῦμα ἐλάβετε, ἢ ἐξ ἀκοῆς πίστεως? 1 Paul is using this rhetorical question to imply that they received the Holy Spirit by what means?
3:3 ytx7 basic,interpret οὕτως ἀνόητοί ἐστε? 1 Why do you think Paul says a second time that the Galatians are **foolish**?
3:3 l043 basic,observe ἐναρξάμενοι Πνεύματι 1 By what means were the Galatians initially justified before God?
3:3 d3rx basic,observe νῦν σαρκὶ ἐπιτελεῖσθε 1 How are the Galatians now attempting to be justified before God?
3:3 a3eb basic,interpret νῦν σαρκὶ ἐπιτελεῖσθε 1 What act were the false teachers telling the Galatians that they new needed to perform in their literal **flesh** in order to please God?
3:4 l044 basic,observe τοσαῦτα ἐπάθετε εἰκῇ— εἴ γε καὶ εἰκῇ? 1 If the Galatians now tried to be justified by works of the law, what would be the value of their past suffering for Christ?
3:5 fi5q basic,interpret ὁ οὖν ἐπιχορηγῶν ὑμῖν τὸ Πνεῦμα καὶ ἐνεργῶν δυνάμεις ἐν ὑμῖν, ἐξ ἔργων νόμου ἢ ἐξ ἀκοῆς πίστεως? 1 Which thing is Paul implying enabled the Galatians to receive the Holy **Spirit** and experience miracles—the law, or their belief in Christ?
3:5 l045 basic,interpret ὑμῖν τὸ Πνεῦμα καὶ ἐνεργῶν δυνάμεις ἐν ὑμῖν 1 Paul is implying that the Galatians had personally experienced the presence of the Holy Spirit and the work of miracles among them. Why should that be a powerful argument in favor of the power of belief in Christ?
3:6 l046 basic,observe καθὼς Ἀβραὰμ ἐπίστευσεν τῷ Θεῷ καὶ ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην. 1 According to this quotation from Genesis, for what reason did God credit **righteousness** to Abraham?
3:7 l048 basic,observe γινώσκετε ἄρα ὅτι οἱ ἐκ πίστεως, οὗτοι υἱοί εἰσιν Ἀβραὰμ. 1 According to Paul, how are people who have faith related to **Abraham**?
3:7 hl55 basic,observe οἱ ἐκ πίστεως, οὗτοι υἱοί εἰσιν Ἀβραὰμ 1 All the Jews considered themselves to be **sons of Abraham**. According to Paul, who is truly a son of Abraham?
3:8 ip26 basic,observe προϊδοῦσα δὲ ἡ Γραφὴ, ὅτι ἐκ πίστεως δικαιοῖ τὰ ἔθνη ὁ Θεὸς 1 What did the **Scriptures** say beforehand would be the method by which God would **justify the Gentiles**?
3:8 z74z basic,observe προευηγγελίσατο τῷ Ἀβραὰμ 1 According to Paul, to whom did God first explain **the gospel**?
3:8 lwd9 basic,interpret ἐνευλογηθήσονται ἐν σοὶ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη 1 God said that all nations would be blessed through Abraham. According to verse 6, what did Abraham do to bring that about?
3:10 l053 basic,observe ὅσοι γὰρ ἐξ ἔργων νόμου εἰσὶν ὑπὸ κατάραν εἰσίν 1 According to Paul, what is the condition of everyone who relies **on works of the law**?
3:10 q516 basic,observe ἐπικατάρατος πᾶς ὃς οὐκ ἐμμένει πᾶσιν τοῖς γεγραμμένοις ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τοῦ νόμου, τοῦ ποιῆσαι αὐτά. 1 If a person wants to follow the law, how much of it must they keep perfectly in order not to be cursed?
3:12 fqt7 basic,observe ὁ δὲ νόμος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ πίστεως, ἀλλ’, ὁ ποιήσας αὐτὰ, ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς. 1 According to Paul, is **the law** based on **faith** or on a person’s works?
3:13 l055 basic,observe Χριστὸς ἡμᾶς ἐξηγόρασεν ἐκ τῆς κατάρας τοῦ νόμου, γενόμενος ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν κατάρα 1 How did Christ redeem us **from the curse of the law**?
3:13 l056 basic,observe ἐπικατάρατος πᾶς ὁ κρεμάμενος ἐπὶ ξύλου 1 According to the Scriptures, what is the condition of **everyone who is hung on a tree**?
3:13 x53s basic,interpret πᾶς ὁ κρεμάμενος ἐπὶ ξύλου 1 Upon what kind of **tree** was Jesus **hung**?
3:14 l057 basic,observe ἵνα εἰς τὰ ἔθνη ἡ εὐλογία τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ γένηται ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Here **in order that** introduces the purpose for which Jesus **redeemed us**. What is that purpose?
3:14 l058 basic,interpret ἡ εὐλογία τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ 1 According to verse 8, what was **the blessing promised to Abraham**?
3:14 k866 basic,observe ἵνα τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ Πνεύματος λάβωμεν διὰ τῆς πίστεως 1 By what means do believers **receive the promise of the Spirit**?
3:15 l059 basic,observe ὅμως ἀνθρώπου κεκυρωμένην διαθήκην, οὐδεὶς ἀθετεῖ ἢ ἐπιδιατάσσεται 1 What can be changed in **a human covenant, once it is ratified**?
3:16 lx9k basic,observe δὲ Ἀβραὰμ ἐρρέθησαν αἱ ἐπαγγελίαι καὶ τῷ σπέρματι αὐτοῦ 1 To whom did God give the covenant **promises**?
3:16 f88l basic,observe καὶ τοῖς σπέρμασιν, ὡς ἐπὶ πολλῶν, ἀλλ’ ὡς ἐφ’ ἑνός, καὶ τῷ σπέρματί σου, ὅς ἐστιν Χριστός 1 Who was Abraham’s **seed** to whom the promises were given?
3:16 hck2 basic,observe οὐ λέγει, καὶ τοῖς σπέρμασιν, ὡς ἐπὶ πολλῶν, ἀλλ’ ὡς ἐφ’ ἑνός, καὶ τῷ σπέρματί σου, ὅς ἐστιν Χριστός 1 How do we know the promises were given to Christ, and not to all the descendants of Abraham?
3:17 l060 basic,observe ὁ μετὰ τετρακόσια καὶ τριάκοντα ἔτη γεγονὼς νόμος 1 After God gave his **promise** to Abraham, how long was it until the **law* came?
3:21 l063 basic,observe ὁ οὖν νόμος κατὰ τῶν ἐπαγγελιῶν? μὴ γένοιτο! 1 Is **the law** and **the promises of God** in conflict with each other?
3:21 wj5i basic,observe εἰ γὰρ ἐδόθη νόμος ὁ δυνάμενος ζῳοποιῆσαι, ὄντως ἐν νόμου ἂν ἦν ἡ δικαιοσύνη 1 Paul is implying that **the law** was given to accomplish a task that was impossible for any law to do. What was that task?
3:22 sii5 basic,observe ἀλλὰ συνέκλεισεν ἡ Γραφὴ τὰ πάντα ὑπὸ ἁμαρτίαν 1 Why was it impossible for **the law**, or for any law for that matter, to impart life?
3:22 ee51 basic,observe ἵνα ἡ ἐπαγγελία ἐκ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ δοθῇ τοῖς πιστεύουσιν 1 What is the only way a person can receive **the promise** God made to Abraham?
3:23 v99g basic,observe ὑπὸ νόμον ἐφρουρούμεθα, συνκλειόμενοι 1 How does Paul describe the condition of people who were previously under the law?
3:23 ya5v basic,observe πρὸ τοῦ δὲ ἐλθεῖν τὴν πίστιν & εἰς τὴν μέλλουσαν πίστιν ἀποκαλυφθῆναι. 1 What was **this faith** that freed us from **custody under the law**, and when was it revealed?
3:24 l064 basic,observe ὥστε ὁ νόμος, παιδαγωγὸς ἡμῶν γέγονεν εἰς Χριστόν 1 What image does Paul use to describe the role of **the law**?
3:24 l065 basic,observe εἰς Χριστόν, ἵνα ἐκ πίστεως δικαιωθῶμεν 1 What was the actual purpose of **the law**?
3:25 f69c basic,observe ἐλθούσης δὲ τῆς πίστεως, οὐκέτι ὑπὸ παιδαγωγόν ἐσμεν. 1 After we have believed in Christ, so we still need the law to function as **a guardian** for us?
3:27 k63f basic,observe ὅσοι γὰρ εἰς Χριστὸν ἐβαπτίσθητε, Χριστὸν ἐνεδύσασθε. 1 How have the Galatian believers **clothed** themselves **in Christ**?
3:27 l066 basic,interpret Χριστὸν ἐνεδύσασθε 1 What do you think Paul meant when he said they **have clothed** themselves **in Christ**?
3:28 tiu4 basic,interpret οὐκ ἔνι Ἰουδαῖος οὐδὲ Ἕλλην, οὐκ ἔνι δοῦλος οὐδὲ ἐλεύθερος, οὐκ ἔνι ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ 1 Do you think Paul meant that a person is no longer **Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female**, or that those things no longer matter to God?
3:28 uq3j basic,observe πάντες γὰρ ὑμεῖς εἷς ἐστε ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 How does God view us as a result of our faith in Christ?
3:28 h54t basic,apply οὐκ ἔνι Ἰουδαῖος οὐδὲ Ἕλλην, οὐκ ἔνι δοῦλος οὐδὲ ἐλεύθερος, οὐκ ἔνι ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ, πάντες γὰρ ὑμεῖς εἷς ἐστε ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ. 1 How important is the common bond believers have in Christ,compared to the other differences between us?
3:29 u9db basic,observe εἰ δὲ ὑμεῖς Χριστοῦ, ἄρα τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ σπέρμα ἐστέ, κατ’ ἐπαγγελίαν κληρονόμοι. 1 What spiritual blessings do believers in Christ share?
3:29 kf73 basic,observe κατ’ ἐπαγγελίαν κληρονόμοι 1 What has enabled us to be **heirs** with Christ?
4:1 gc1e basic,interpret λέγω δέ, ἐφ’ ὅσον χρόνον ὁ κληρονόμος νήπιός ἐστιν, οὐδὲν διαφέρει δούλου 1 In what ways would **a child** be **no different than a slave**?
4:1 g8rc basic,interpret ἐφ’ ὅσον χρόνον ὁ κληρονόμος νήπιός ἐστιν, οὐδὲν διαφέρει δούλου, κύριος πάντων ὤν 1 Although a child is technically **the heir** and **the owner of everything** that belongs to his father, what limitations does he have in making use of those things?
4:2 vxj4 basic,observe ἀλλὰ ὑπὸ ἐπιτρόπους ἐστὶ καὶ οἰκονόμους, ἄχρι τῆς προθεσμίας τοῦ πατρός 1 How long is a child **subject to guardians and trustees**?
4:2 jp51 basic,interpret ἄχρι τῆς προθεσμίας τοῦ πατρός 1 What will happen to the child on **the date set by his father**?
4:3 l067 basic,interpret οὕτως καὶ ἡμεῖς, ὅτε ἦμεν νήπιοι 1 In this spiritual analogy, when were we **children**, and what was the guardian to which **we were enslaved**?
4:3 hgz7 basic,observe ὑπὸ τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου ἤμεθα δεδουλωμένοι 1 Before the Galatians believed in Christ, what were the **basic principles of the world** that controlled them?
4:4 zhr5 basic,interpret ὅτε δὲ ἦλθεν τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ χρόνου 1 In what way does **the time** refer back to “the date set by his father” in verse 2 of this analogy?
4:4 k3fv basic,observe ἐξαπέστειλεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν Υἱὸν αὐτοῦ, γενόμενον ἐκ γυναικός, γενόμενον ὑπὸ νόμον 1 What did **God** the Father do for his children when **the time had fully come**?
4:5 tg6y basic,observe ἵνα τοὺς ὑπὸ νόμον ἐξαγοράσῃ, ἵνα τὴν υἱοθεσίαν ἀπολάβωμεν 1 What was the purpose for which God sent His Son Jesus into the world?
4:5 gsy2 basic,observe ἵνα τὴν υἱοθεσίαν ἀπολάβωμεν 1 Since Christ has redeemed us from our position as children under the guardianship of **the law**, what is the current status of believers?
4:6 l37l basic,observe ὅτι δέ ἐστε υἱοί, ἐξαπέστειλεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὰς καρδίας ἡμῶν κρᾶζον, Ἀββά, ὁ Πατήρ! 1 When we were adopted as **sons**, what did give to us to testify to our new status?
4:6 xng2 basic,observe τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὰς καρδίας ἡμῶν 1 Where does God’s Spirit now reside if we believe in Jesus?
4:8 l068 basic,observe ἀλλὰ τότε μὲν οὐκ εἰδότες Θεὸν, ἐδουλεύσατε τοῖς φύσει μὴ οὖσι θεοῖς 1 Before the Galatians knew God, to who, were they spiritual **slaves**?
4:8 pb8u basic,interpret τοῖς φύσει μὴ οὖσι θεοῖς 1 What did the Galatians worship before, which Paul says **by nature are not gods**?
4:9 s51c basic,interpret νῦν δὲ γνόντες Θεόν 1 What does Paul mean when he says they **know God**? Is it possible to fully know God?
4:9 nt8x basic,interpret μᾶλλον δὲ γνωσθέντες ὑπὸ Θεοῦ 1 Why would it be more accurate to say that we **are known by God**? Can God fully know a person?
4:9 l069 basic,apply πῶς ἐπιστρέφετε πάλιν ἐπὶ τὰ ἀσθενῆ καὶ πτωχὰ στοιχεῖα 1 Paul is amazed that the Galatians turned from a personal relationship with God—knowing him and being known by him—to do various works to try to win God’s favor. Does their action seem as shocking to you as it did to Paul?
4:9 ee3q basic,observe οἷς πάλιν ἄνωθεν δουλεύειν θέλετε? 1 According to Paul, if the Galatians turned back to these old rules, what would their final condition be?
4:9 yuu2 basic,apply οἷς πάλιν ἄνωθεν δουλεύειν θέλετε? 1 In the analogy Paul has presented, the Galatians are like a man being adopted as a son, but then deciding he would rather be treated like a child under the direction of a guardian again. Would a reasonable person choose to do that?
4:10 z2he basic,observe ἡμέρας παρατηρεῖσθε, καὶ μῆνας, καὶ καιροὺς, καὶ ἐνιαυτούς. 1 What were the Galatians now observing in order to try to please God?
4:10 d8g6 basic,apply ἡμέρας παρατηρεῖσθε, καὶ μῆνας, καὶ καιροὺς, καὶ ἐνιαυτούς 1 Do you know anyone who falsely thinks he can please God by observing special days instead of by faith?
4:11 l070 basic,observe ἡμέρας παρατηρεῖσθε, καὶ μῆνας, καὶ καιροὺς, καὶ ἐνιαυτούς 1 What will be the result of Paul’s ministry among the Galatians if they continue to follow these old works?
4:12 g5u1 basic,interpret γίνεσθε ὡς ἐγώ 1 Paul wants the Galatians to live like he does. What does Paul do to gain God’s favor?
4:12 hyt3 basic,interpret ὅτι κἀγὼ ὡς ὑμεῖς 1 Although Paul is a Jew, the way he lived among the Galatians brought him into conflict with Cephas in chapter 2. How was Paul living among them?
4:12 qc9k basic,observe οὐδέν με ἠδικήσατε 1 How had the Galatians treated Paul when he was with them?
4:13 by4a basic,observe οἴδατε δὲ ὅτι δι’ ἀσθένειαν τῆς σαρκὸς, εὐηγγελισάμην ὑμῖν τὸ πρότερον 1 What was the reason Paul first **preached the gospel** to the Galatians?
4:14 l072 basic,observe καὶ τὸν πειρασμὸν ὑμῶν ἐν τῇ σαρκί μου, οὐκ ἐξουθενήσατε οὐδὲ ἐξεπτύσατε, ἀλλὰ ὡς ἄγγελον Θεοῦ ἐδέξασθέ με, ὡς Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν. 1 How did the Galatians receive Paul when we first came to them?
4:14 l073 basic,interpret καὶ τὸν πειρασμὸν ὑμῶν ἐν τῇ σαρκί μου, οὐκ ἐξουθενήσατε οὐδὲ ἐξεπτύσατε 1 Why would it have been reasonable for the Galatians to reject Paul when he first came to them as a sick stranger?
4:14 nt87 basic,interpret ἐξεπτύσατε, ἀλλὰ ὡς ἄγγελον Θεοῦ ἐδέξασθέ με, ὡς Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν 1 What does Paul mean when he says the Galatians welcomed him as if he were **an angel of God** or **Christ Jesus Himself**?
4:15 hfk3 basic,interpret ποῦ οὖν ὁ μακαρισμὸς ὑμῶν? 1 Apparently, the Galatians no longer held such a high opinion of Paul. What caused them to no longer honor him?
4:15 l074 basic,observe μαρτυρῶ γὰρ ὑμῖν, ὅτι εἰ δυνατὸν τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὑμῶν ἐξορύξαντες, ἐδώκατέ μοι. 1 What does this statement tell us about the likely nature of Paul’s illness when he first came to Galatia?
4:15 dd2i basic,interpret μαρτυρῶ γὰρ ὑμῖν, ὅτι εἰ δυνατὸν τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὑμῶν ἐξορύξαντες, ἐδώκατέ μοι. 1 What does this statement tell us about the way the Galatians valued Paul when he first visited them?
4:16 j2xc basic,observe ὥστε ἐχθρὸς ὑμῶν γέγονα, ἀληθεύων ὑμῖν? 1 According to Paul, how to the Galatians now view him?
4:16 l075 basic,observe ἀληθεύων ὑμῖν 1 What has caused the Galatians to view Paul as an **enemy**?
4:16 f4ul basic,interpret ὥστε ἐχθρὸς ὑμῶν γέγονα, ἀληθεύων ὑμῖν? 1 How was it possible that the Galatians went from from being willing to tear out their eyes for Paul, to considering him their enemy?
4:17 l076 basic,observe ζηλοῦσιν ὑμᾶς οὐ καλῶς, ἀλλὰ ἐκκλεῖσαι ὑμᾶς θέλουσιν, ἵνα αὐτοὺς ζηλοῦτε. 1 For what purpose are the false teachers **zealous**for the Galatians?
4:18 gm1k basic,observe καλὸν δὲ ζηλοῦσθαι ἐν καλῷ 1 Under what condition is it **good to be zealous**?
4:18 ya7d basic,observe πάντοτε, καὶ μὴ μόνον ἐν τῷ παρεῖναί με πρὸς ὑμᾶς 1 When does Paul want the Galatians **to be zealous** for **a noble purpose**?
4:19 ip8w basic,observe τέκνα μου 1 How does Paul here address the Galatian believers?
4:19 l077 basic,interpret οὓς πάλιν ὠδίνω, μέχρις οὗ μορφωθῇ Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν 1 Why do you think Paul uses the image of **childbirth** to describe his current feeling towards the Galatians?
4:20 l078 basic,interpret ἤθελον δὲ παρεῖναι πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἄρτι, καὶ ἀλλάξαι τὴν φωνήν μου 1 In what way do you think Paul wants to **change** his **tone** with which he is writing to the Galatians?
4:20 t4e7 basic,interpret ὅτι ἀποροῦμαι ἐν ὑμῖν 1 What are the Galatians doing that is causing Paul to be **perplexed**?
4:21 l079 basic,observe λέγετέ μοι, οἱ ὑπὸ νόμον θέλοντες εἶναι 1 How does Paul here address the Galatians?
4:21 ium2 basic,interpret τὸν νόμον οὐκ ἀκούετε? 1 In this rhetorical question, is Paul implying that the Galatians do or do not **understand what the law says**?
See in Reader
