front:intro pla1 0 # Galatians Study Questions\n\nAsk yourself these questions as you carefully read this letter, and pray to God that he will open your eyes to see his message clearly.
1:1 uk55 basic,observe Παῦλος, ἀπόστολος (οὐκ ἀπ’ ἀνθρώπων, οὐδὲ δι’ ἀνθρώπου, ἀλλὰ διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς 1 Who does Paul say sent him to be **an apostle**?
1:1 f1b5 basic,interpret οὐκ ἀπ’ ἀνθρώπων, οὐδὲ δι’ ἀνθρώπου 1 Why does Paul emphasize that his apostleship was **not from men nor through man**?
1:1 qhd9 basic,observe ἀλλὰ διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς τοῦ ἐγείραντος αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 What miraculous work did *God the Father** do for *Jesus Christ**?
1:2 hyp6 basic,observe καὶ οἱ σὺν ἐμοὶ πάντες ἀδελφοί 1 Who joined with Paul in sending this letter to the Galatians?
1:2 hud2 basic,observe ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Γαλατίας 1 To whom specifically did Paul send this letter?
1:3 z9dq basic,observe χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 What two things did Paul want **God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ** to give to the believers in Galatia?
1:4 l000 basic,observe τοῦ δόντος ἑαυτὸν περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν 1 What did Jesus give **for our sins**?
1:4 fud1 basic,observe ὅπως ἐξέληται ἡμᾶς ἐκ τοῦ αἰῶνος τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος πονηροῦ 1 From what did Jesus rescue believers?
1:4 l001 basic,interpret τοῦ αἰῶνος τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος πονηροῦ 1 What do you think is **evil** about **the present age**?
1:6 h7q1 basic,observe θαυμάζω ὅτι οὕτως ταχέως, μετατίθεσθε ἀπὸ τοῦ καλέσαντος ὑμᾶς ἐν χάριτι Χριστοῦ, εἰς ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον 1 What were the Galatians doing that **amazed** Paul?
1:6 l002 basic,observe μετατίθεσθε ἀπὸ τοῦ καλέσαντος ὑμᾶς ἐν χάριτι Χριστοῦ 1 What were the Galatians **deserting**?
1:6 l003 basic,observe εἰς ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον 1 To what were the Galatians **turning** in place of **the grace of Christ**?
1:7 gb16 basic,observe ὃ οὐκ ἔστιν\n 1 What was Paul’s opinion of the **gospel** to which the Galatians were turning?
1:7 l004 basic,observe εἰ μή τινές εἰσιν οἱ ταράσσοντες ὑμᾶς, καὶ θέλοντες μεταστρέψαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 What was the source of this different **gospel** to which the Galatians were turning?
1:7 a4q9 basic,observe θέλοντες μεταστρέψαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 What does Paul believe are the motives of the people who are preaching this different **gospel** to the Galatians?
1:8 l228 basic,observe ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐὰν ἡμεῖς ἢ ἄγγελος ἐξ οὐρανοῦ εὐαγγελίζηται ὑμῖν παρ’ ὃ εὐηγγελισάμεθα ὑμῖν, ἀνάθεμα ἔστω! 1 What does Paul say should happen to anyone who preaches **a gospel contrary to the one** Paul preached to the Galatians?
1:8 gzw1 basic,interpret ἄγγελος ἐξ οὐρανοῦ εὐαγγελίζηται ὑμῖν 1 In what way might **an angel from heaven** be able to **preach a gospel** to people?
1:9 d3ua basic,interpret ὡς προειρήκαμεν, καὶ ἄρτι πάλιν λέγω 1 Paul was very clear in verse 8. Why do you think he repeats himself in this verse?
1:9 nnu9 basic,observe εἴ τις ὑμᾶς εὐαγγελίζεται παρ’ ὃ παρελάβετε, ἀνάθεμα ἔστω! 1 Again, what does Paul say should happen to anyone who preaches **a gospel contrary to the one** the Galatians originally received from Paul?
1:10-12 uu87 basic,interpret ἀνθρώπους πείθω & ἀνθρώποις ἀρέσκειν & ἀνθρώποις ἤρεσκον & οὐκ ἔστιν κατὰ ἄνθρωπον & οὐδὲ & ἐγὼ παρὰ ἀνθρώπου παρέλαβον αὐτό 1 In verses 10-12, Paul repeatedly emphasizes that his gospel message did not come **from men**. How might this explain why he begins the letter with the statement in verse 1 that his apostleship is from God, and not from men?
1:10 csc9 basic,interpret εἰ ἔτι ἀνθρώποις ἤρεσκον, Χριστοῦ δοῦλος οὐκ ἂν ἤμην 1 Why is it not possible to seek to **please men** and to be **a servant of Christ** at the same time?
1:11-12 c7cj basic,observe γνωρίζω γὰρ ὑμῖν, ἀδελφοί, τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τὸ εὐαγγελισθὲν ὑπ’ ἐμοῦ, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν κατὰ ἄνθρωπον. & οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐγὼ παρὰ ἀνθρώπου παρέλαβον αὐτό, οὔτε ἐδιδάχθην 1 In verses 11-12, Paul lists three ways in which his **gospel** did not come **from man**. What are those three ways?
1:12 l010 basic,observe ἀλλὰ δι’ ἀποκαλύψεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 What was the true source of the gospel that Paul preached?
1:13 l011 basic,observe ἠκούσατε γὰρ τὴν ἐμὴν ἀναστροφήν ποτε ἐν τῷ Ἰουδαϊσμῷ, ὅτι καθ’ ὑπερβολὴν ἐδίωκον τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ ἐπόρθουν αὐτήν. 1 How did Paul treat **the church of God** in his **former way of life**?
1:13 jr7f basic,interpretation ἠκούσατε γὰρ τὴν ἐμὴν ἀναστροφήν ποτε ἐν τῷ Ἰουδαϊσμῷ 1 What have you read about Paul’s **former way of life in Judaism** in Acts 9?
1:14 l012 basic,observe περισσοτέρως ζηλωτὴς ὑπάρχων τῶν πατρικῶν μου παραδόσεων 1 What was the reason that Paul was **advancing in Judaism beyond many of** his **contemporaries**?
1:14 vyl8 basic,interpret περισσοτέρως ζηλωτὴς ὑπάρχων τῶν πατρικῶν μου παραδόσεων 1 Why would Paul’s zeal for **the traditions of** his Jewish **fathers** cause him to persecute the church?
1:15 abc1 basic,observe ὅτε δὲ εὐδόκησεν ὁ, ἀφορίσας με ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός μου 1 When did God set Paul apart to be an apostle for him?
1:15 wed9 basic,observe καλέσας διὰ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ 1 What caused God to call Paul to be an apostle and to serve God?
1:16 vq5g basic,observe ἀποκαλύψαι τὸν Υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐμοὶ, ἵνα εὐαγγελίζωμαι αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν 1 Here **so that** introduces the reason that God was pleased **to reveal His Son** in Paul. What was that reason?
1:16 pa9c basic,observe εὐαγγελίζωμαι αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν 1 To whom specifically did God send Paul to preach?
1:16 l013 basic,interpret εὐθέως οὐ προσανεθέμην σαρκὶ καὶ αἵματι 1 To whom was Paul referring as the **flesh and blood** whom he did not consult?
1:16 ph9z basic,interpret εὐθέως οὐ προσανεθέμην σαρκὶ καὶ αἵματι 1 Why do you think that Paul is again stressing that he did not consult with other people about the gospel that he received from God?
1:17 bjl6 basic,interpret οὐδὲ ἀνῆλθον εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα πρὸς τοὺς πρὸ ἐμοῦ ἀποστόλους 1 Why is it surprising that Paul did not immediately **go up to Jerusalem** to meet with the other apostles about the gospel he had received?
1:17 ntl8 basic,observe ἀλλὰ ἀπῆλθον εἰς Ἀραβίαν, καὶ πάλιν ὑπέστρεψα εἰς Δαμασκόν 1 Where did Paul go instead of to Jerusalem?
1:17 uwu7 basic,interpret ἀπῆλθον εἰς Ἀραβίαν 1 **Arabia** was a desert area with few people. Why do you think Paul went to spend time there instead of to the religious leaders in Jerusalem?
1:18 b8b7 basic,observe ἔπειτα μετὰ ἔτη τρία, ἀνῆλθον εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα 1 How long did Paul wait after his conversion before he went to Jerusalem?
1:18 c8ss basic,observe ἀνῆλθον εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἱστορῆσαι Κηφᾶν 1 What was the reason that Paul finally went up to Jerusalem?
1:18 r3aa basic,observe ἱστορῆσαι Κηφᾶν, καὶ ἐπέμεινα πρὸς αὐτὸν ἡμέρας δεκαπέντε 1 How long did Paul stay with Cephas (Peter) in Jerusalem?
1:19 d1zm basic,observe ἕτερον δὲ τῶν ἀποστόλων οὐκ εἶδον, εἰ μὴ Ἰάκωβον, τὸν ἀδελφὸν τοῦ Κυρίου 1 Who else did Paul visit in Jerusalem in addition to Cephas?
1:19 l014 basic,interpret Ἰάκωβον, τὸν ἀδελφὸν τοῦ Κυρίου 1 What was the role of **James, the Lord’s brother** in the Jerusalem church at that time? Why would Paul have visited him?
1:20 sfb1 basic,interpret ἃ δὲ γράφω ὑμῖν, ἰδοὺ, ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ ὅτι οὐ ψεύδομαι. 1 Why is it so important that the Galatians believer that Paul received his gospel directly from God and not from men?
1:21 ki8l basic,observe ἔπειτα ἦλθον εἰς τὰ κλίματα τῆς Συρίας καὶ τῆς Κιλικίας 1 Where is Paul go after spending three weeks in Jerusalem?
1:22 es4l basic,observe ἤμην δὲ ἀγνοούμενος τῷ προσώπῳ ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Ἰουδαίας, ταῖς ἐν Χριστῷ 1 According to Paul, what contact did he have with the other churches in Judea during this time?
1:23 l015 basic,observe μόνον δὲ ἀκούοντες ἦσαν, ὅτι ὁ διώκων ἡμᾶς ποτε, νῦν εὐαγγελίζεται τὴν πίστιν, ἥν ποτε ἐπόρθει. 1 What testimony did the churches in Judea hear about Paul while he was in Syria and Cilicia?
2:2 q1p8 basic,observe ἀνέβην δὲ κατὰ ἀποκάλυψιν 1 What caused Paul to decide to go to Jerusalem at that time?
2:2 td57 basic,observe καὶ ἀνεθέμην αὐτοῖς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον ὃ κηρύσσω ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν 1 What was the purpose for which Paul went to Jerusalem this time?
2:2 sz79 basic,observe κατ’ ἰδίαν δὲ τοῖς δοκοῦσιν, μή πως εἰς κενὸν τρέχω ἢ ἔδραμον. 1 Why did Paul choose to speak **privately to those recognized as leaders**?\n
2:3 abc2 basic,interpret ἀλλ’ οὐδὲ Τίτος ὁ σὺν ἐμοί, Ἕλλην ὤν, ἠναγκάσθη περιτμηθῆναι 1 Considering the role of **Titus**, what question about Paul’s gospel was the point of discussion during the visit Jerusalem?
2:3 hgb9 basic,observe οὐδὲ Τίτος & ἠναγκάσθη περιτμηθῆναι 1 Based on the decision about Titus, did the leaders in the Jerusalem church consider it necessary for believers in Christ to be circumcised?
2:4 l019 basic,observe διὰ δὲ τοὺς παρεισάκτους ψευδαδέλφους, οἵτινες παρεισῆλθον κατασκοπῆσαι τὴν ἐλευθερίαν ἡμῶν, ἣν ἔχομεν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ἵνα ἡμᾶς καταδουλώσουσιν; 1 Who had insisted that believers in Christ had to be circumcised?
2:4 ie95 basic,observe ψευδαδέλφους, οἵτινες παρεισῆλθον 1 What label did Paul use to refer to the people who preached a gospel that required circumcision?
2:4 x36x basic,observe ἵνα ἡμᾶς καταδουλώσουσιν 1 In Paul’s opinion, what motivated these false brothers to preach a gospel that required circumcision?
2:5 l020 basic,observe οἷς οὐδὲ πρὸς ὥραν εἴξαμεν τῇ ὑποταγῇ 1 How did Paul and the leaders of the Jerusalem church respond to the false brothers who preached that circumcision was necessary for believers in Christ?
2:5 c52s basic,observe ἵνα ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ εὐαγγελίου διαμείνῃ πρὸς ὑμᾶς 1 Here **so that** introduces the purpose for which Paul and the Jerusalem church leaders rejected the gospel that included circumcision. What was that purpose?
2:6 p472 basic,observe ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν δοκούντων εἶναί τι\n(ὁποῖοί ποτε ἦσαν, οὐδέν μοι διαφέρει, πρόσωπον ὁ Θεὸς ἀνθρώπου οὐ λαμβάνει) 1 Did Paul consider that the Jerusalem church leaders had the authority to change the message Paul had received by revelation from God?
2:6 l022 basic,observe ἐμοὶ γὰρ οἱ δοκοῦντες οὐδὲν προσανέθεντο 1 Did the Jerusalem church leaders tell Paul to change his gospel message in any way?
2:7 w32h basic,observe ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον ἰδόντες ὅτι πεπίστευμαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς ἀκροβυστίας, καθὼς Πέτρος τῆς περιτομῆς 1 To what groups did God send Paul and Peter to preach?
2:7 qe48 basic,interpret πεπίστευμαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς ἀκροβυστίας, καθὼς Πέτρος τῆς περιτομῆς 1 Although Paul and Peter preached **the gospel** to two different groups of people, was there any difference in that gospel?
2:8 l024 basic,interpret ὁ γὰρ ἐνεργήσας Πέτρῳ εἰς ἀποστολὴν τῆς περιτομῆς, ἐνήργησεν καὶ ἐμοὶ εἰς τὰ ἔθνη 1 Who was **the One** who was at work in the apostleship of both Peter and Paul?
2:8 l025 basic,interpret ὁ & ἐνεργήσας Πέτρῳ εἰς ἀποστολὴν τῆς περιτομῆς, ἐνήργησεν καὶ ἐμοὶ εἰς τὰ ἔθνη 1 Since Paul has stated that the same **One** was at work in his apostleship and in Peter’s, would you expect there to be any difference in the basic facts of their gospel messages?
2:9 j49j basic,observe καὶ γνόντες τὴν χάριν τὴν δοθεῖσάν μοι, Ἰάκωβος καὶ Κηφᾶς, καὶ Ἰωάννης 1 Who at Jerusalem recognized **the grace** that Paul **had been given**?
2:9 ujs1 basic,interpret οἱ δοκοῦντες στῦλοι εἶναι 1 What does Paul want to say about **James, Cephas** and John** by saying they were **reputed to be pillars**?
2:9 asn2 basic,observe δεξιὰς ἔδωκαν ἐμοὶ καὶ Βαρναβᾷ κοινωνίας 1 What symbolic act did the Jerusalem church leaders do to show that they approved of the message that Paul was preaching?
2:9 l026 basic,observe ἵνα ἡμεῖς εἰς τὰ ἔθνη, αὐτοὶ δὲ εἰς τὴν περιτομήν 1 To whom did the Jerusalem church leaders agree that Paul and Barnabas should preach?
2:10 l027 basic,observe μόνον τῶν πτωχῶν ἵνα μνημονεύωμεν 1 What was the only thing the Jerusalem church leaders requested Paul and Barnabas to do in their ministry?
2:10 l028 basic,observe ὃ καὶ ἐσπούδασα αὐτὸ τοῦτο ποιῆσαι 1 Did the request of the Jerusalem church leaders actually make it necessary for Paul and Barnabas to change their ministry to the Gentiles in any way?
2:11 p3jn basic,observe ὅτε δὲ ἦλθεν Κηφᾶς εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν, κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτῷ ἀντέστην, ὅτι κατεγνωσμένος ἦν. 1 Why did Paul oppose Cephas **to his face** when he came to Antioch?
2:11 yp6z basic,interpret ὅτε δὲ ἦλθεν Κηφᾶς εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν, κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτῷ ἀντέστην 1 What do we learn about Paul’s status and an apostle if he was able to oppose and correct Peter?
2:12 pd7h basic,observe μετὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν συνήσθιεν 1 How did Peter interact with the believing **Gentiles** when he first arrived in Antioch?
2:12 x9qk basic,observe πρὸ τοῦ γὰρ ἐλθεῖν τινας ἀπὸ Ἰακώβου & ὅτε δὲ ἦλθον 1 What caused Peter to change the way he interacted with the Gentile believers in Antioch?
2:12 l030 basic,observe ὑπέστελλεν καὶ ἀφώριζεν ἑαυτόν, φοβούμενος τοὺς ἐκ περιτομῆς 1 In what way did Peter act inappropriately with the Gentile believer after the Jewish believers from Jerusalem arrived?
2:13 q6y3 basic,observe ὥστε καὶ Βαρναβᾶς συναπήχθη αὐτῶν τῇ ὑποκρίσει 1 How did the **hypocrisy** of Peter and the Jewish believers affect **Barnabas**?
2:14 l031 basic,observe ἀλλ’ ὅτε εἶδον ὅτι οὐκ ὀρθοποδοῦσιν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 According to Paul, what were Peter and the other Jewish believers doing wrong?
2:14 hgu3 basic,interpret οὐκ ὀρθοποδοῦσιν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 What would it mean for someone to walk **in line with the truth of the gospel**?
2:14 e14e basic,interpret εἶπον τῷ Κηφᾷ ἔμπροσθεν πάντων 1 Why do you think Paul rebuked Peter **in front of them all**?
2:14 h6vt basic,observe εἰ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος, ὑπάρχων ἐθνικῶς καὶ οὐκ Ἰουδαϊκῶς ζῇς 1 What pattern of life was Peter following?
2:14 r2ak basic,observe πῶς τὰ ἔθνη ἀναγκάζεις Ἰουδαΐζειν? 1 What pattern of life was Peter expecting the Gentile believers to adopt?
2:14 duy9 basic,interpret εἰ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος, ὑπάρχων ἐθνικῶς καὶ οὐκ Ἰουδαϊκῶς ζῇς, πῶς τὰ ἔθνη ἀναγκάζεις Ἰουδαΐζειν? 1 Peter did not follow Jewish customs, but tried to make the Gentile believers follow them. How does that explain why Paul called him a hypocrite in verse 13?
2:15 l032 basic,interpret ἡμεῖς φύσει Ἰουδαῖοι καὶ οὐκ ἐξ ἐθνῶν ἁμαρτωλοί 1 Is Paul saying that Jews are not **sinners**, or that the Jews only consider the Gentiles to be **sinners**?
2:16 l033 basic,observe εἰδότες δὲ ὅτι οὐ δικαιοῦται ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ἔργων νόμου, ἐὰν μὴ διὰ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ,\nκαὶ ἡμεῖς εἰς Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐπιστεύσαμεν, ἵνα δικαιωθῶμεν ἐκ πίστεως Χριστοῦ 1 As Jewish believers, by what means do Paul and Peter believe they are justified before God?
2:16 sa5y basic,observe οὐ δικαιοῦται ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ἔργων νόμου, ἐὰν μὴ διὰ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ,\nκαὶ ἡμεῖς εἰς Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐπιστεύσαμεν, ἵνα δικαιωθῶμεν ἐκ πίστεως Χριστοῦ, καὶ οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων νόμου, ὅτι ἐξ ἔργων νόμου, οὐ δικαιωθήσεται πᾶσα σάρξ 1 As Jewish believers, what things do Paul and Peter believe will not justify them before God?
2:16 l034 basic,interpret ἐξ ἔργων νόμου, οὐ δικαιωθήσεται πᾶσα σάρξ 1 In this book, what work of the law were false teachers telling the Galatians to do in order to be saved?
2:17 cda2 basic,observe εἰ δὲ ζητοῦντες δικαιωθῆναι ἐν Χριστῷ, εὑρέθημεν καὶ αὐτοὶ ἁμαρτωλοί, ἆρα Χριστὸς ἁμαρτίας διάκονος? μὴ γένοιτο! 1 According to Paul, being **justified in Christ** by faith means we do not keep or trust in the law of Moses. Does that mean Christ causes us to sin?
2:18 kpw1 basic,observe εἰ γὰρ ἃ κατέλυσα, ταῦτα πάλιν οἰκοδομῶ, παραβάτην ἐμαυτὸν συνιστάνω. 1 When Paul and Peter believed in Jesus, they tore down the authority of the law of Moses in their lives. What will they become if they rebuild the authority of that law over themselves?
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