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@ -39,18 +39,19 @@
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## 解經 (Exegesis)
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- 2:28a–d 是一個句子，主要子句是 2:28a，用從屬連接詞 ἵνα 帶出兩個從屬子句 (2:28b–c; 2:28e)，表達希望藉由「住在基督裡」(μένετε ἐν αὐτῷ) 這個命令所產生出來的兩個結果 (GGBB 676 = 中希 714)：
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- (1) 基督顯現時有膽量 (2:28b–c)
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- 2:28a–d 是一個句子，主要子句是 2:28a，用從屬連接詞 ἵνα 帶出第三類條件句 (GGBB 696–99 = 中希 734–37) 當從屬子句 (2:28bcd)，表達希望藉由「住在基督裡」(μένετε ἐν αὐτῷ) 這個命令所產生出來的兩個目的 (GGBB 676 = 中希 714)：
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- (1) 基督顯現時有膽量 (2:28bc)
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- (2) 基督再來時不丟臉 (2:28d)
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- 2:28a
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- μένετε 可以是 PAI-2P or PAM-2P。但因為呼格 τεκνία 有呼籲、勸勉的含意，因此在這裡當作 PAM-2P 比較恰當，表達意願和企圖，傳達持續動作的命令 (GGBB 485–86 = 中希 510–11)。
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- 至於動作發生的時間，因為不是直說語氣[^1]，所以不能從時態來判斷，要從上下文來判斷。
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- 時間副詞 νῦν 固然可以指「現在」，但在這裡比較不是要強調時間的「現在」，而是在語氣上總結上文 (2:18–27) 的勸勉 [BAGD, s.v. "νῦν" 二](https://bible.fhl.net/new/s.php?N=0&k=03568&m=)。
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- ἐν αὐτῷ 表達空間 (GGBB 372 = 中希 389–90)。
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- αὐτῷ 可能是 DSM 或 DSN。如果是 DSN，可能指 2:27 的恩膏 (τὸ χρῖσμα)；如果是 DSM，則是指 2:24 的聖子或聖父。從上下文看，聖子或聖父比較可能。但對照 2:28d 「在他顯現的時候」以及 Joh 15:4–7，這裡應該是指：住在聖子裡面。
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- 2:28bcde 用 ἵνα 帶出的從屬子句，表示 μένετε 的目的 。
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- 2:28cde 是第三類條件句 (GGBB 676 = 中希；IGNT = 慣用語 )，
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- 這裡 ἐὰν 的意思接近 ὅταν「無論何時」([BAGD 甲一D](https://bible.fhl.net/new/s.php?N=0&k=01437&m=))
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- 2:28a
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- μένετε 可以是 PAI-2P or PAM-2P。但因為呼格 τεκνία 有呼籲、勸勉的含意，因此在這裡當作 PAM-2P 比較恰當，表達意願和企圖，傳達持續動作的命令 (GGBB 485–86 = 中希 510–11)。
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- 至於動作發生的時間，因為不是直說語氣[^1]，所以不能從時態來判斷，要從上下文來判斷。
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- 時間副詞 νῦν 固然可以指「現在」，但在這裡比較不是要強調時間的「現在」，而是在語氣上總結上文 (2:18–27) 的勸勉 [BAGD, s.v. "νῦν" 二](https://bible.fhl.net/new/s.php?N=0&k=03568&m=)。
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- ἐν αὐτῷ 表達空間 (GGBB 372 = 中希 389–90)。
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- αὐτῷ 可能是 DSM 或 DSN。如果是 DSN，可能指 2:27 的恩膏 (τὸ χρῖσμα)；如果是 DSM，則是指 2:24 的聖子或聖父。從上下文看，聖子或聖父比較可能。但對照 2:28d 「在他顯現的時候」以及 Joh 15:4–7，這裡應該是指：住在聖子裡面。
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- 2:28b 是條件子句 (protasis )
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- 這裡 ἐὰν 的意思接近 ὅταν「無論何時」([BAGD, s.v. "ἐὰν" 甲一D](https://bible.fhl.net/new/s.php?N=0&k=01437&m=))
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- φανερωθῇ 用假設語氣，但並不是像 Wallace 所說「不確定是否會成立，但仍然有可能」(GGBB 696 = 中希 734)。約翰很確定耶穌一定會顯現、一定會再來。因此，比較好的說法，是第三類條件句只表達「假設性的論證」，沒有表達「條件成立的機率高低」。
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- 2:28c 是第一個結果子句
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[^1]: Wallace 認為，只有在直說語氣的時候，時態才代表時間；至於其他語氣 (包括分詞、不定詞) 的情況下，時態都沒有時間的涵義。但 Porter 卻認為，不管任何語氣，時態都沒有時間的含意——動作發生的時間，要從上下文來判斷。我個人比較傾向 Porter 的論點。
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@ -7,6 +7,6 @@
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- <rt>太6:14</rt> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Ἐὰν<rt>If</rt></ruby><rt>ἐάν</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>γὰρ<rt>for</rt></ruby><rt>γάρ</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἀφῆτε<rt>you forgive</rt></ruby><rt>ἀφίημι</rt></ruby><rt>V-2AAS-2P</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τοῖς<rt>‑</rt></ruby><rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>T-DPM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἀνθρώποις<rt>men</rt></ruby><rt>ἄνθρωπος</rt></ruby><rt>N-DPM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τὰ<rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>T-APN</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>παραπτώματα<rt>trespasses</rt></ruby><rt>παράπτωμα</rt></ruby><rt>N-APN</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>αὐτῶν‚<rt>of them‚</rt></ruby><rt>αὐτός</rt></ruby><rt>P-GPM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἀφήσει<rt>will forgive</rt></ruby><rt>ἀφίημι</rt></ruby><rt>V-FAI-3S</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>καὶ<rt>also</rt></ruby><rt>καί</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ὑμῖν<rt>you</rt></ruby><rt>σύ</rt></ruby><rt>P-2DP</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ὁ<rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>T-NSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Πατὴρ<rt>Father</rt></ruby><rt>πατήρ</rt></ruby><rt>N-NSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ὑμῶν<rt>of you</rt></ruby><rt>σύ</rt></ruby><rt>P-2GP</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ὁ<rt>‑</rt></ruby><rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>T-NSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>οὐράνιος·<rt>Heavenly.</rt></ruby><rt>οὐράνιος</rt></ruby><rt>A-NSM</rt></RUBY> <rt>你們饒恕人的過犯，你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯；</rt>
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- <rt>太6:15</rt> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἐὰν<rt>If</rt></ruby><rt>ἐάν</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>δὲ<rt>however</rt></ruby><rt>δέ</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>μὴ<rt>not</rt></ruby><rt>μή</rt></ruby><rt>PRT-N</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἀφῆτε<rt>you forgive</rt></ruby><rt>ἀφίημι</rt></ruby><rt>V-2AAS-2P</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τοῖς<rt>‑</rt></ruby><rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>T-DPM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἀνθρώποις‚<rt>men‚</rt></ruby><rt>ἄνθρωπος</rt></ruby><rt>N-DPM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>οὐδὲ<rt>neither</rt></ruby><rt>οὐδέ</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ-N</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ὁ<rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>T-NSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Πατὴρ<rt>Father</rt></ruby><rt>πατήρ</rt></ruby><rt>N-NSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ὑμῶν<rt>of you</rt></ruby><rt>σύ</rt></ruby><rt>P-2GP</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἀφήσει<rt>will forgive</rt></ruby><rt>ἀφίημι</rt></ruby><rt>V-FAI-3S</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τὰ<rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>T-APN</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>παραπτώματα<rt>trespasses</rt></ruby><rt>παράπτωμα</rt></ruby><rt>N-APN</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ὑμῶν.¶<rt>of you.</rt></ruby><rt>σύ</rt></ruby><rt>P-2GP</rt></RUBY> <rt>你們不饒恕人的過犯，你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。</rt>
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相較於第一類條件句，因為
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相較於第一類條件句，第三類因為用了假設語氣，所以在論述的語氣上沒有那麼直接，力道上比較委婉，有點「退後一步說」的味道。
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- <rt>約3:12</rt> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Εἰ<rt>If</rt></ruby><rt>εἰ</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τὰ<rt>things</rt></ruby><rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>T-APN</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἐπίγεια<rt>earthly</rt></ruby><rt>ἐπίγειος</rt></ruby><rt>A-APN</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>εἶπον<rt>I have told</rt></ruby><rt>ἔπω, ἐρῶ, εἶπον</rt></ruby><rt>V-2AAI-1S</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ὑμῖν<rt>you‚</rt></ruby><rt>σύ</rt></ruby><rt>P-2DP</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>καὶ<rt>and</rt></ruby><rt>καί</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>οὐ<rt>not</rt></ruby><rt>οὐ</rt></ruby><rt>PRT-N</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>πιστεύετε‚<rt>you believe‚</rt></ruby><rt>πιστεύω</rt></ruby><rt>V-PAI-2P</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>πῶς<rt>how</rt></ruby><rt>πως</rt></ruby><rt>ADV</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἐὰν<rt>if</rt></ruby><rt>ἐάν</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>εἴπω<rt>I tell</rt></ruby><rt>ἔπω, ἐρῶ, εἶπον</rt></ruby><rt>V-2AAS-1S</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ὑμῖν<rt>to you</rt></ruby><rt>σύ</rt></ruby><rt>P-2DP</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τὰ<rt>the things</rt></ruby><rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>T-APN</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἐπουράνια<rt>heavenly‚</rt></ruby><rt>ἐπουράνιος</rt></ruby><rt>A-APN</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>πιστεύσετε;<rt>will you believe?</rt></ruby><rt>πιστεύω</rt></ruby><rt>V-FAI-2P</rt></RUBY> <rt>我對你們說地上的事，你們尚且不信，若說天上的事，如何能信呢？</rt>
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