Issue 80 Reflexive Pronouns

translate/figs-rpronouns/01.md

@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ All languages have ways of showing that the same person fills two different role
 
 **Uses of Reflexive Pronouns**  
 * To show that the same person or things fills two different roles in a sentence
-* To emphasize a person or thing in the sentence
+* To emphasize a person or thing in a sentence
-* To show that someone did something alone
+* To show that a person or thing was alone or did something alone
-* To show that someone or something was alone
 
 ### Reasons this is a translation issue
 
-* Languages have different ways of showing that the same person fills two different roles in a sentence. For those languages, translators will need to know how to translate the English reflexive pronouns.
+* Languages have different ways of showing the things that reflexive pronouns in the ULB show.
-* The reflexive pronouns in English also have other functions.
+* When translators read a reflexive pronoun in the ULB, they need to understand what that reflexive pronoun is used for.
+* Translators need to know how to show those meanings in their own language.
 
 ### Examples from the Bible
 
@@ -36,44 +36,41 @@ The word "themselves" refers to the "many" who went up in order to purify themse
 
 >So they left the crowd, taking Jesus with them, since he was already in the boat. ... And a violent windstorm arose and the waves were breaking into the boat so that the boat was already full. But <u>Jesus himself</u> was in the stern, asleep on a cushion. (Mark 4:36-38 ULB)
 
-##### The reflexive pronoun shows that someone did something alone.
+##### The reflexive pronoun shows that a person or thing was alone or did something alone.
+> ... while the kings who had come were <u>by themselves<u> in the field. (1 Chronicles 19:9 ULB)
+
 >When Jesus realized that they were about to come and seize him by force to make him king, he withdrew again up the mountain <u>by himself</u>. (John 6:15 ULB)
 
-##### The reflexive pronouns shows that someone or something was alone.
->He saw the linen cloths lying there and the cloth that had been on his head. <u>It</u> was not lying with the linen cloths but was folded up in a place <u>by itself</u>. (John 20:6-7 ULB)
 
 ### Translation Strategies
 
-If a reflexive pronoun would have the same function in your language, consider using it. If not, here are some other strategies.
+If a reflexive pronoun would have the same function in your language, consider using it. If not, here are some other strategies that some languages use.
 
-1. In some languages people show that the object of the verb is the same as the subject by putting something on the verb.
+1. Show that the object of the verb is the same as the subject by putting something on the verb.
-1. In some languages people emphasize a certain person or thing by referring to it in a special place in the sentence.
+1. Emphasize a certain person or thing by referring to it in a special place in the sentence.
-1. In some languages people emphasize a certain person or thing by adding something to that word or putting another word with it.
+1. Emphasize a certain person or thing by adding something to that word or putting another word with it.
-1. In some languages people show that someone did something alone by using a word like "alone."
+1. Show that a person or thing was alone or did something alone by using a word like "alone."
-1. In some languages people show that something was alone by using a phrase that tells about where it was.
 
 ### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied
 
-1. In some languages people show that the object of the verb is the same as the subject by putting something on the verb.
+1. Show that the object of the verb is the same as the subject by putting something on the verb.
   * **If I should testify about <u>myself</u>, my testimony would not be true.** (John 5:31)
       * If I should <u>self-testify</u>, my testimony would not be true.
   * **Now the Passover of the Jews was near, and many went up to Jerusalem out of the country before the Passover in order to <u>purify themselves</u>.** (John 11:55)
       * Now the Passover of the Jews was near, and many went up to Jerusalem out of the country before the Passover in order to <u>self-purify</u>.  
   
-1. In some languages people emphasize a certain person or thing by referring to it in a special place in the sentence.
+1. Emphasize a certain person or thing by referring to it in a special place in the sentence.
   * **<u>He himself</u> took our sickness and bore our diseases.** (Matthew 8:17 ULB)
       * <u>It was he who</u> took our sickness and bore our diseases.
   * **<u>Jesus himself</u> was not baptizing, but his disciples were.** (John 4:2)
       * <u>It was not Jesus who</u> was baptizing, but his disciples were.  
   
-1. In some languages people emphasize a certain person or thing by adding something to that word or putting another word with it. English uses the reflexive pronoun.
+1. Emphasize a certain person or thing by adding something to that word or putting another word with it. English uses the reflexive pronoun after the word it emphasizes.
   * **Now Jesus said this to test Philip, for he <u>himself</u> knew what he was going to do.** (John 6:6)  
   
-1. In some languages people show that someone did something alone by using a word like "alone."
+1. Show that a person or thing was alone or did something alone by using a word like "alone."
+
   * **When Jesus realized that they were about to come and seize him by force to make him king, he withdrew again up the mountain <u>by himself</u>.** (John 6:15)
       * When Jesus realized that they were about to come and seize him by force to make him king, he withdrew again <u>alone</u> up the mountain.  
   
-1. In some languages people show that something was alone by using a phrase that tells about where it was.
-  * **He saw the linen cloths lying there and the cloth that had been on his head. It was not lying with the linen cloths but was rolled up in its place <u>by itself</u>.** (John 20:6-7 ULB)
-      * He saw the linen cloths lying there and the cloth that had been on his head. It was not lying with the linen cloths but was rolled up and lying <u>in its own place</u>.