en_tm/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md



### Description

In some languages an adjective can be used to refer to a class of things that the adjective describes. When it does, it acts like a noun. For example, the word "rich" is an adjective. Here are two sentences that show that "rich" is an adjective.
>... <u> The rich man</u> had huge numbers of flocks and herds ... (2 Samuel 12:2 ULB)

The adjective "rich" comes before the word "man" and describes "man."
><u>He will not be rich</u>; his wealth will not last ... (Job 15:29 ULB)

The adjective "rich" comes after the verb "be" and describes "He."

Here is a sentence that shows that "rich" can also function as a noun.

>... <u>the rich</u> must not give more than the half shekel, and <u>the poor</u> must not give less. (Exodus 30:15 ULB)

In Exodus 30:15, the word "rich" acts as a noun in the phrase "the rich," and it refers to rich people. The word "poor" also acts as a noun and refers to poor people.

### Reason this is a translation issue

* Many times in the Bible adjectives are used as nouns to describe a group of people.
* Some languages do not use adjectives in this way.
* Readers of these languages may think that the text is talking about one particular person when it is really talking about the group of people whom the adjective describes.

### Examples from the Bible

>The scepter of wickedness must not rule in the land of <u>the righteous</u>. (Psalm 125:3 ULB)

"The righteous" here are people who are righteous, not one particular righteous person.
>Blessed are <u>the meek</u> (Matthew 5:5 ULB)

"The meek" here are all people who are meek, not one particular meek person.

### Translation Strategies

If your language uses adjectives as nouns to refer to a class of people, consider using the adjectives in this way. If it would sound strange, or if the meaning would be unclear or wrong, here is another option:

1. Use the adjective with a plural form of the noun that the adjective describes.

### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied

1. Use the adjective with a plural form of the noun that the adjective describes.

  * **The scepter of wickedness must not rule in the land of <u>the righteous</u>.** (Psalm 125:3 ULB)
      * The scepter of wickedness must not rule in the land of <u>righteous people</u>.

  * **Blessed are <u>the meek</u> ...** (Matthew 5:5 ULB)
      * Blessed are <u>people who are meek</u> ...
combined tA into RCs 2017-04-14 23:13:59 +00:00

			`### Description`

			`In some languages an adjective can be used to refer to a class of things that the adjective describes. When it does, it acts like a noun. For example, the word "rich" is an adjective. Here are two sentences that show that "rich" is an adjective.`
Deleted spurious spaces 2018-10-01 19:01:09 +00:00			`>... <u> The rich man</u> had huge numbers of flocks and herds ... (2 Samuel 12:2 ULB)`
combined tA into RCs 2017-04-14 23:13:59 +00:00
			`The adjective "rich" comes before the word "man" and describes "man."`
			`><u>He will not be rich</u>; his wealth will not last ... (Job 15:29 ULB)`

			`The adjective "rich" comes after the verb "be" and describes "He."`

			`Here is a sentence that shows that "rich" can also function as a noun.`

Replaced ellipsis symbol 2018-10-01 19:38:41 +00:00			`>... <u>the rich</u> must not give more than the half shekel, and <u>the poor</u> must not give less. (Exodus 30:15 ULB)`
combined tA into RCs 2017-04-14 23:13:59 +00:00
			`In Exodus 30:15, the word "rich" acts as a noun in the phrase "the rich," and it refers to rich people. The word "poor" also acts as a noun and refers to poor people.`

Header space and unordered list style fixes 2017-11-30 14:53:07 +00:00			`### Reason this is a translation issue`
combined tA into RCs 2017-04-14 23:13:59 +00:00
Standardized indentation of all bullets 2017-06-27 05:36:26 +00:00			`* Many times in the Bible adjectives are used as nouns to describe a group of people.`
			`* Some languages do not use adjectives in this way.`
			`* Readers of these languages may think that the text is talking about one particular person when it is really talking about the group of people whom the adjective describes.`
combined tA into RCs 2017-04-14 23:13:59 +00:00
			`### Examples from the Bible`

Deleted spurious spaces 2018-10-01 17:03:26 +00:00			`>The scepter of wickedness must not rule in the land of <u>the righteous</u>. (Psalm 125:3 ULB)`
combined tA into RCs 2017-04-14 23:13:59 +00:00
			`"The righteous" here are people who are righteous, not one particular righteous person.`
Removed trailing whitespace at end of lines 2017-11-29 21:40:43 +00:00			`>Blessed are <u>the meek</u> (Matthew 5:5 ULB)`
combined tA into RCs 2017-04-14 23:13:59 +00:00
			`"The meek" here are all people who are meek, not one particular meek person.`

			`### Translation Strategies`

			`If your language uses adjectives as nouns to refer to a class of people, consider using the adjectives in this way. If it would sound strange, or if the meaning would be unclear or wrong, here is another option:`

Standardized indentation of all bullets 2017-06-27 05:36:26 +00:00			`1. Use the adjective with a plural form of the noun that the adjective describes.`
combined tA into RCs 2017-04-14 23:13:59 +00:00
			`### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied`

			`1. Use the adjective with a plural form of the noun that the adjective describes.`

Deleted spurious spaces 2018-10-01 17:03:26 +00:00			`* The scepter of wickedness must not rule in the land of <u>the righteous</u>. (Psalm 125:3 ULB)`
Fixes for unordered lists nested in ordered lists 2017-11-30 15:32:57 +00:00			`* The scepter of wickedness must not rule in the land of <u>righteous people</u>.`
Standardized indentation of all bullets 2017-06-27 05:36:26 +00:00
Header space and unordered list style fixes 2017-11-30 14:53:07 +00:00			`* Blessed are <u>the meek</u> ... (Matthew 5:5 ULB)`
Fixes for unordered lists nested in ordered lists 2017-11-30 15:32:57 +00:00			`* Blessed are <u>people who are meek</u> ...`
combined tA into RCs 2017-04-14 23:13:59 +00:00