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Susan Quigley 2018-05-01 13:05:54 +00:00
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00-About_the_ULB/ULB-Decisions.md
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@ -27,7 +27,12 @@ This first list concerns English words used in the ASV of both the Old and New T
* *And* (sentence-initial): The ULB only rarely uses sentence-initial "And." Occurrences of sentence-initial "and" in the ASV usually occur where the ASV translates the preverbal Greek particle *kai* or the Hebrew *vav* in the *wayyiqtol* verb form. The Greek particle *kai* was usually a Hebraism on the part of the New Testament writers that reflected their understanding that the Hebrew *wayyiqtol* form contained the conjunctive *vav* 'and.' This, however, was a misunderstanding, for modern scholarship has shown that the *wayyiqtol* form was a frozen form with parallels in cognate Semitic languages; it was the preferred Hebrew verb form for signaling event verbs in Hebrew narration. * *And* (sentence-initial): The ULB only rarely uses sentence-initial "And." Occurrences of sentence-initial "and" in the ASV usually occur where the ASV translates the preverbal Greek particle *kai* or the Hebrew *vav* in the *wayyiqtol* verb form. The Greek particle *kai* was usually a Hebraism on the part of the New Testament writers that reflected their understanding that the Hebrew *wayyiqtol* form contained the conjunctive *vav* 'and.' This, however, was a misunderstanding, for modern scholarship has shown that the *wayyiqtol* form was a frozen form with parallels in cognate Semitic languages; it was the preferred Hebrew verb form for signaling event verbs in Hebrew narration.
* *Shall*: "**will**" for future expressions in general; "**should**", "**must**", or direct command for obligation; and "**shall**" in genres such as prophecies, blessings, curses, and in other passages focusing on the expression of the speaker's intentionality, e.g., "Yahweh said, 'Shall I hide from Abraham what I am about to do...?'" (Genesis 18:17), "A deliverer shall come to Zion," "every mountain and hill shall be made low." * *Shall*: "**will**" for future expressions in general;
* "**should**", "**must**", or direct command for obligation;
* "**shall**" in prophecies, blessings, curses, and other passages focusing on the speaker's intentionality, e.g.,
* "Yahweh said, 'Shall I hide from Abraham what I am about to do...?'" (Genesis 18:17)
* "A deliverer shall come to Zion,"
* "every mountain and hill shall be made low."
* In speech introductions that use two verbs such as, "he answered and said," the ULB often retains this formula by using **both verbs**. This provides a model for languages which also separate the mode of speech from the act of speech. * In speech introductions that use two verbs such as, "he answered and said," the ULB often retains this formula by using **both verbs**. This provides a model for languages which also separate the mode of speech from the act of speech.
* *Brethren*: "**brothers**" both when it refers only to men and when it refers to both men and women. * *Brethren*: "**brothers**" both when it refers only to men and when it refers to both men and women.
* *Call* in the ASV usage "**call his name**": "**call him**" or "**name him**" * *Call* in the ASV usage "**call his name**": "**call him**" or "**name him**"
@ -39,7 +44,9 @@ This first list concerns English words used in the ASV of both the Old and New T
This list concerns Hebrew words in the Old Testament. This list concerns Hebrew words in the Old Testament.
* *wayehi* "**It came about**" or "**It happened that**" * *wayehi* "**It came about**" or "**It happened that**"
* *hinneh* "**look**," "**see**," "**see here**," or something else suitable for signaling that what immediately follows in direct reported speech is prominent. Often "**behold**" in direct reported speech of God or his angel, especially if it lends more dignity in English to the divine words than "look" or "see," etc., would do. Also "**behold**" in narrative passages, including narrative that is embedded in direct speech, such as when Joseph tells his brothers what happened in his dreams) * *hinneh* "**look**," "**see**," "**see here**," or something else suitable for signaling that what immediately follows in direct reported speech is prominent.
* Often "**behold**" in direct reported speech of God or his angel, especially if it lends more dignity in English to the divine words than "look" or "see," etc., would do.
* Also "**behold**" in narrative passages, including narrative that is embedded in direct speech, such as when Joseph tells his brothers what happened in his dreams)
* *adam*: "**mankind**," "**humanity**," and "**human beings**" whne it refers to mankind in general * *adam*: "**mankind**," "**humanity**," and "**human beings**" whne it refers to mankind in general
* *YHWH*: "**Yahweh**" * *YHWH*: "**Yahweh**"
@ -48,11 +55,15 @@ This list concerns Hebrew words in the Old Testament.
This list concerns Greek words in the New Testament. This list concerns Greek words in the New Testament.
* *egeneto de*, *kai egeneto*: "**It came about**" (See: "Sentence-initial and" above). * *egeneto de*, *kai egeneto*: "**It came about**" (See: "Sentence-initial and" above).
* *idou*: "**look**," "**see**," "**see here**," or something else suitable for signaling that what immediately follows in direct reported speech is prominent. Often "**behold**" in direct reported speech of God or his angel, especially if it lends more dignity in English to the divine words than "look" or "see," etc., would do. Also "**behold**" in narrative passages, including narrative that is embedded in direct speech. * *idou*: "**look**," "**see**," "**see here**," or something else suitable for signaling that what immediately follows in direct reported speech is prominent.
* Often "**behold**" in direct reported speech of God or his angel, especially if it lends more dignity in English to the divine words than "look" or "see," etc., would do.
* Also "**behold**" in narrative passages, including narrative that is embedded in direct speech.
* *Xristos*: "**Christ**" or "**the Christ**" (The definite article is appropriate if the term is being clearly used as a title; Paul often seems to use *Xristos* as a second name for Jesus, but at times he clearly uses it as a title). * *Xristos*: "**Christ**" or "**the Christ**" (The definite article is appropriate if the term is being clearly used as a title; Paul often seems to use *Xristos* as a second name for Jesus, but at times he clearly uses it as a title).
* *Messias*: "**Messiah**" * *Messias*: "**Messiah**"
* *anthropos*: "**mankind**," "**humanity**," or "**human beings**" when it refers to humanity in general * *anthropos*: "**mankind**," "**humanity**," or "**human beings**" when it refers to humanity in general
* *nomikos*: "**expert in the Jewish law**" when it refers to a Jewish person rather than to the Jewish law itself and "**lawyer**" when it refers to an expert in some other kind of law. * *nomikos*: "**expert in the Jewish law**" when it refers to a Jewish person rather than to the Jewish law itself and "**lawyer**" when it refers to an expert in some other kind of law.
* *grammateus*: "**scribe**" when it refers to a religious scribe * *grammateus*: "**scribe**" when it refers to a religious scribe
* *hagioi*: "**holy people**" or "**God's holy people**" when it refers to people, and "**holy ones**" or "**holy angels**" when it refers to heavenly beings * *hagioi*: "**holy people**" or "**God's holy people**" when it refers to people,
* *euangelion*: "**gospel**” when it clearly refers to the gospel of salvation through Jesus Christ. Otherwise, "**good news**." * "**holy ones**" or "**holy angels**" when it refers to heavenly beings
* *euangelion*: "**gospel**” when it clearly refers to the gospel of salvation through Jesus Christ.
* Otherwise, "**good news**."