Update '43-luk/03.md'

43-luk/03.md

@@ -1,57 +1,83 @@
-Luke 3
-3:1-20
-Who was Tiberius Caesar?
+# Luke 3
+## 3:1-20
+
+### Who was Tiberius Caesar?
+
 Tiberius Caesar ruled the entire Roman Empire from A.D. 14 to 37. The fifteenth year of his reign was A.D. 27.
 
 See: Rome (Roman Empire, Caesar)
-Who was Pontius Pilate?
+
+### Who was Pontius Pilate?
+
 Pontius Pilate was a “leader”(ἡγεμονεύω/g2230) in the Roman Empire. He ruled over Judea and the area near Judea from A.D. 26 to 36.
 
 See Map: Judea
-Who was Herod?
+
+### Who was Herod?
+
 There are several men named Herod in the Bible. The man in this verse is Herod Antipas, one of the sons of King Herod the Great. He ruled a “fourth”(τετρααρχέω/g5075) of the area that his father ruled. Herod Antipas ruled over Galilee from 4 B.C. to A.D. 39.
 
 See: King Herod
-Who was Philip?
+
+### Who was Philip?
+
 Philip was another one of the sons of Herod the Great. He ruled a “fourth”(τετρααρχέω/g5075) of the area that his father ruled. This included the regions of Iturea and Trachonitis, which were located east of Caesarea Philippi, and south of Damascus.
 
 See Map: Israel
-Who was Lysanias?
+
+### Who was Lysanias?
+
 The only thing that is known about Lysanias is that Luke said he was ruler of Abilene at this time. Abilene was place north of Mt. Hermon. Perhaps he was another son of Herod the Great. He ruled a “fourth”(τετρααρχέω/g5075) of the area that his father ruled.
 
 See: King Herod
 See Map: Israel
-Why did Luke give the names of Roman and Jewish rulers at the time of John the Baptist?
+
+### Why did Luke give the names of Roman and Jewish rulers at the time of John the Baptist?
+
 Luke gave the names of Roman and Jewish rulers at the time of John because John was a prophet who served God. In the Old Testament, when someone wrote about a prophet, they often said what kings were ruling when the prophets served God (see: Isaiah 1:1; Zechariah 1:1). Although Luke did not call John a prophet in this scripture (see: Luke 3:2), Zechariah and Jesus called John a prophet (see: Luke 1:76; 7:26). This was because God told him what to say to people.
 
 Also, Luke gave the names of the rulers because his readers knew them. They knew that these rulers had did many evil things, and that the prophets suffered because of them. When the people of Israel read about these things, perhaps they thought about how kings in the past made the prophets suffer and die (see: Hebrews 11:32-40). John suffered and died because of evil rulers in the same way other prophets suffered and died.
 
 See: Prophet
 
-Advice to translators: Use the expression for “clean” or “ritually pure” that you use in your version of the gospels.
-Why was John’s baptism different than other kinds of baptism?
+**Advice to translators**: Use the expression for “clean” or “ritually pure” that you use in your version of the gospels.
+
+### Why was John’s baptism different than other kinds of baptism?
+
 See: Baptize (Baptism); Repent (Repentance); Messiah (Christ); Clean and Unclean
 See Map: Jordan
-How did Luke write about repenting?
+
+### How did Luke write about repenting?
+
 “Repentance”(μετάνοια/g3341) is a turning, in the same way when someone turns from facing one way to facing another way. Some scholars think that it means to stop dishonoring God and to turn to follow a path that honors him. Other scholars think it means for a person to change what he thinks about God. John used the word “repentance” because he wanted the people to get ready for the messiah to come to them.
 
 See: Isaiah 40:3-5
 See: Repent (Repentance)
-How did God forgive a Jew’s sins?
+
+### How did God forgive a Jew’s sins?
+
 God will only forgive a person for sinning if that person believes in him. Before Jesus came to Earth, the Jews showed God that they believed in him by obeying the Law of Moses. When John the Baptist preached, some Jews showed that they trusted God by “repenting”(μετάνοια/g3341) and asking John to baptize them. However, it was not because of the way that they acted that God forgave them. It was because they trusted in him.
 
 See: Baptize (Baptism); Repent (Repentance)
-How did John serve God and Jesus?
+
+### How did John serve God and Jesus?
+
 John served God by helping the Jewish people to know that Jesus was the messiah and to believe in Jesus. Luke wrote about the way John served Jesus as if John was announcing that a king was coming (see: Luke 3:5). When a king visited, the people often repaired the road and made it easy to travel on. John explained to the people that the right way to receive Jesus was to repent and trust in God to save them.
 
 See: Repent (Repentance); Messiah (Christ)
-Why did Luke write all flesh will see God’s salvation?
+
+### Why did Luke write all flesh will see God’s salvation?
+
 Luke wrote all flesh will see God’s salvation. Luke was repeating Isaiah 40:5. The Greek translation of the Old Testament used the word “salvation” in Isaiah 40:5. Luke may have also thinking about Isaiah 45:8,17; 46:13 and other scriptures in Isaiah. Isaiah wrote about God’s salvation many times.
 
 See: Luke 2:30; Isaiah 12:2-3; 17:10; 25:9; 52:7; 59:17
-What was flesh?
+
+### What was flesh?
+
 Flesh was “people”(σάρξ/g4561). That is, flesh was a metaphor to say that all people will know about the salvation God brings.
-How did John speak about fruit?
+
+### How did John speak about fruit?
+
 John spoke about people doing good things as if they were trees producing fruit. That is, when people “repented”(μετάνοια/g3341), they made fruit. John said that if there was no fruit, then they did not truly “repent”.
 
 If Jews did not do good things, then John said they did not live in the same way Abraham lived. If Jews did good things, then John said they were “true” descendants of Abraham. That is, they lived in the way that Abraham lived. However, the Jews thought they were “true” descendants of Abraham even when they did evil things. John said they were wrong to think that. He said they needed to do good things.
@@ -61,44 +87,52 @@ John said when trees did not make fruit, they were useless. Therefore, men cut t
 Finally, when people “repented,” they changed how they treated other people. They were to share with those who lacked what they needed every day. They were also to treat all people the same way. John wanted people to think about the things they did.
 
 See: Repent (Repentance); Fruit (Metaphor)
-Why did John call the Jews poisonous snakes?
+
+### Why did John call the Jews poisonous snakes?
+
 John called the Jews children of poisonous snakes because they did evil things. The Jews thought they were Abraham’s children and friends with God. While Abraham was their ancestor, they did not do the things that Abraham did. Therefore, they were not friends with God. Isaiah said that God’s enemies among the Israelites were poisonous snakes (see: Isaiah 59:5).
 
 See: Luke 19:40
 See: Wrath; Fire
 
-Advice to translators: “Imply” means to want to say something without saying it clearly.
-Why did John speak of the wrath to come?
+**Advice to translators**: “Imply” means to want to say something without saying it clearly.
+
+### Why did John speak of the wrath to come?
+
 John implied that God will be angry with the people who do not “repent”(μετάνοια/g3341). He also implied that he was talking about the “Day of the Lord,” when God will judge the whole world.
 
 See: Isaiah 13:9; Zephaniah 2:2
 See: Repent (Repentance); Day of the Lord; Day of Judgment
-What did the Jews think about tax collectors?
+
+### What did the Jews think about tax collectors?
+
 The Jews hated tax collectors for many reasons.
 
 
-Tax collectors collected taxes for the Roman government. The Jews hated the Roman government because they were Gentiles and they treated the Jews badly.
-
-
-Tax collectors often took more money than they needed to take.
-
-
-The Jews believed they were giving money to people who were evil and reject God.
+1. Tax collectors collected taxes for the Roman government. The Jews hated the Roman government because they were Gentiles and they treated the Jews badly.
+1. Tax collectors often took more money than they needed to take.
+1. The Jews believed they were giving money to people who were evil and reject God.
 
 Because of this, the Jews considered Jewish tax collectors to be traitors to their own people so that they could gain money for themselves.
 
 See: Tax (Tax Collector, Toll)
 
-Advice to translators: A sandal is a type of shoe that does not completely surround the foot. When someone wears a sandal, you can see his toes.
-Why was John unworthy to untie Jesus’ sandals?
+**Advice to translators**: A sandal is a type of shoe that does not completely surround the foot. When someone wears a sandal, you can see his toes.
+
+### Why was John unworthy to untie Jesus’ sandals?
+
 Except for Jesus, John the Baptist honored God more than anyone else who ever lived (see: Luke 7:28). He was humble, and he knew that Jesus was far stronger than himself. He knew Jesus is God. Because of this, John did not feel that he was good enough to approach Jesus. For the Jews, God could not be approached because he is perfectly “holy”(ἅγιος/g0040). That is, God is perfect and completely different from men.
 
 In ancient Israel, people’s feet got dirty from the dusty ground they walked on. Only servants would touch someone’s feet; they did so in order to wash them for them. People wore sandals on their feet, so their sandals also became dirty. John thought that Jesus was so much greater than himself, that he did not deserve even to help him remove his sandals.
 
 See: Holy (Holiness, Set Apart)
-Why did people baptize other people?
+
+### Why did people baptize other people?
+
 See: Baptize (Baptism)
-How did Jesus baptize in the Holy Spirit and in fire?
+
+### How did Jesus baptize in the Holy Spirit and in fire?
+
 Some scholars say Jesus baptized in the Holy Spirit and in fire when he punished people who did evil things (see: Luke 3:9,17). Other scholars say Jesus baptized in the Holy Spirit and fire by filling people with the Holy Spirit so they could serve God (see: Acts 1:5; 2:3-4).
 
 See: Filling of the Holy Spirit