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# Habakkuk 01 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 1:1-17.
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This chapter is arranged in a series of questions and answers between Yahweh and Habakkuk.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Injustice
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Habakkuk sees great injustice, especially in the defeat of Israel by the Assyrians. He cries out to Yahweh to ask him to put an end to it. He is questioning Yahweh, but he trusts in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
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#### Chaldeans
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Yahweh will raise up the Chaldeans to bring justice to the Hebrew people. They will defeat the Assyrians. At this time, the Chaldeans were an insignificant city and people group. This was probably intended to show the power of Yahweh.
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## Links:
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* __[Habakkuk 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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* __[Habakkuk intro](../front/intro.md)__
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__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__
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# Habakkuk 02 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 2:1-20.
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This chapter is arranged in a series of questions and answers between Yahweh and Habakkuk.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### "The righteous will live by his faith"
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This is an important phrase in Scripture. Paul also uses it to explain that man is justified by his faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
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## Links:
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* __[Habakkuk 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__
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# Habakkuk 03 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 3:1-19.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Poetry
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Although this is a prayer, it is in the form of poetry. Habakkuk uses startling imagery to show his fear of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])
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## Links:
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* __[Habakkuk 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __
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# Introduction to Habakkuk
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## Part 1: General Introduction
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### Outline of Habakkuk
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1. Habakkuk asks Yahweh questions (1:1–4)
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1. Yahweh responds (1:5–11)
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1. Habakkuk asks Yahweh more questions (1:12–2:1)
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1. Yahweh responds again (2:2–5)
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1. Habakkuk gives five taunts against the wicked (2:6-20)
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1. Habakkuk prays (3:1–19)
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### What is the Book of Habakkuk about?
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Other prophets spoke against Israel sinning and failing to obey Yahweh. But Habakkuk questioned Yahweh about the things he did. Yahweh said he would punish the people of Judah by sending the Babylonian army. Habakkuk complained because the Babylonians were more wicked than the people of Judah. Yahweh assured Habakkuk that he would also punish the Babylonians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
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### How should the title of this book be translated?
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The traditional title of this book is "The Book of Habakkuk" or just "Habakkuk." Translators may choose to call it "The Sayings of Habakkuk." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
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### Who wrote the Book of Habakkuk?
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The prophet Habakkuk wrote this book. Scripture does not mention Habakkuk except in this book.
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The Chaldean empire is another name for the Babylonian empire. The Book of Habakkuk mentions it several times. This helps us to date Habakkuk's life. The Chaldean empire had power from about 720 to 538 B.C. Habakkuk probably prophesied about the time of Jeremiah, Zephaniah, and Nahum during the reigns of Kings Josiah, Jehoahaz, and Jehoiakim in Judah.
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## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
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### Why did Yahweh use an evil nation to punish Judah?
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Habakkuk wanted to know why Yahweh used an evil nation to punish Judah. Yahweh responded that he will judge the evil nations also. But righteous people will live by being faithful to Yahweh.
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## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
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### How do I identify the speaker?
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Habakkuk spoke to Yahweh and Yahweh answered him. The translator should be careful to identify whether the speaker is Habakkuk or Yahweh in each section. The translator may wish to make the identity of the speaker explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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### What style of writing is the Book of Habakkuk?
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In the first two chapters, Habakkuk asks Yahweh questions and Yahweh answers him. The third chapter is a psalm. Habakkuk ends by telling the choirmaster to use stringed instruments.
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### Does Habakkuk question or challenge Yahweh?
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Habakkuk spoke directly to Yahweh and seems to be challenging God. Habakkuk was not questioning the authority of Yahweh. He was telling Yahweh that he does not understand what Yahweh is doing. In some cultures, it may be improper to speak to an authority in this way. It may be necessary to rephrase Habakkuk's questions to emphasize his sincere desire to learn why God is doing what he is doing, without doubting him.
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# Zephaniah 01 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 1:2-18.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Prophecy
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In this chapter, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the fall of Jerusalem, the coming of the Messiah or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]])
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## Links:
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* __[Zephaniah 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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* __[Zephaniah intro](../front/intro.md)__
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__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__
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# Zephaniah 02 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 2:1-9, 12-15.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Prophecy
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In this chapter, because the prophesied destruction is so complete, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the time near the fall of Jerusalem or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]])
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## Links:
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* __[Zephaniah 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__
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# Zephaniah 03 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 3:1-20.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Prophecy
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In this chapter, because the prophesied destruction is so complete, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the time near the fall of Jerusalem or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]])
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## Links:
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* __[Zephaniah 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __
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# Introduction to Zephaniah
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## Part 1: General Introduction
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### Outline of the Book of Zephaniah
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1. Zephaniah introduces this book (1:1)
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1. Yahweh will punish Judah and the nations (1:2–18)
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1. Yahweh calls Judah to repent (2:1–3)
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1. Yahweh will judge the nations (2:4-15)
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- Philistia (2:4–7)
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- Moab and Ammon (2:8–11)
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- Egypt (2:12)
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- Assyria (2:13–15)
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1. Yahweh will judge Jerusalem (3:1–8)
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1. Yahweh will purify, restore, gather, and bless his people (3:9–20)
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### What is the Book of Zephaniah about?
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Zechariah warned Judah and other nations that Yahweh was about to punish them. He also prophesied about how Yahweh would restore Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]])
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### How should the title of this book be translated?
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The traditional name of this book is "The Book of Zephaniah" or just "Zephaniah." Translators may decide to call it "The Sayings of Zephaniah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
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### Who wrote the Book of Zephaniah?
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Zephaniah wrote this book. But four different Old Testament people have the name Zephaniah. This Zephaniah was probably the great-grandson of King Hezekiah and a cousin to King Josiah. Zephaniah lived in the city of Jerusalem. He began to prophesy about seventy years after the prophets Isaiah and Micah. Zephaniah spoke Yahweh's messages during the reign of King Josiah (about 640–621 B.C.), and just before Jeremiah began to prophesy.
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## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
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### Were the people of Judah faithful to Yahweh at the time Zephaniah started to prophesy?
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Manasseh, the grandfather of Josiah, had been one of the worst kings of Judah. He led the people to worship other gods. After his death, his son Amon ruled for only two years before he was killed. Amon's son Josiah became king when he was eight years old. Josiah learned to worship and honor Yahweh. Zephaniah likely began his work after Josiah had destroyed most of the idols and shrines of false gods in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
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### What country is coming to invade Judah?
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Zephaniah often said a foreign nation would invade the kingdom of Judah. Zephaniah probably meant Babylonia. However, the Book of Zephaniah never names this nation.
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