# your adversary

This is a person who takes someone to court to accuse him of doing something wrong.

# may hand you over to the judge

Here "hand you over" means to give someone into the control of someone else. Alternate translation: "will let the judge deal with you"

# the judge may hand you over to the officer

"the judge may give you over to the officer"

# the officer

a person who has authority to carry out the decisions of a judge

# you may be thrown into prison

"the officer might put you in prison"