This can be stated in active form. AT: "the grace that God has given to the churches of Macedonia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
# the abundance of their joy and the extremity of their poverty have produced great riches of generosity
Paul speaks of "joy" and "poverty" as if they were living things that can produce generosity. AT: "because of the people's great joy and extreme poverty, they have become very generous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
# the abundance of their joy
Paul speaks of joy as if it were a physical object that could increase in size or quantity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
# extremity of their poverty ... riches of generosity
Though the churches of Macedonia have suffered testings of affliction and poverty, by God's grace, they have been able to collect money for the believers in Jerusalem.
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