Here "anger burned" is a metonymy that refers to becoming very angry. AT: "Saul became very angry with Jonathan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
This is an idiom. Saul uses this phrase as a harsh rebuke to Jonathan and his concern for David. AT: "You stupid son of a prostitute" or "You stupid traitor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
Saul uses this question to emphasize that he knows that Jonathan and David are friends. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I know that you have chosen the son of Jesse ... mother's nakedness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
Here "mother's nakedness" is an idiom that refers to the mother who gave birth to you. AT: "to the shame of your mother who gave birth to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will not become king and will not establish your kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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