en_tn/rom/04/16.md

# For this reason

"So"

# it is by faith

The word "it" refers to receiving what God had promised. AT: "it is by faith that we receive the promise" or "we receive the promise by faith"

# in order that the promise may rest on grace

Here "the promise may rest on grace" represents God giving what he promised because of his grace. AT: "so that what he promised might be a free gift" or "so that his promise would be because of his grace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# be guaranteed to all of Abraham's descendants

This can be stated in active form. AT: "all of Abraham's descendants might certainly receive what God has promised to give" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

# those who are under the law

This refers to the Jewish people, who were obligated to obey the law of Moses.

# those who share the faith of Abraham

This refers to those who have faith as Abraham did before he was circumcised. AT: "those who believe as Abraham did"

# father of us all

Here the word "us" refers to Paul and includes all Jewish and non-Jewish believers in Christ. Abraham is the physical ancestor of the Jewish people, but he is also the spiritual father of those who have faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])

# as it is written

Where it is written can be made explicit. You can also translate this in an active form. AT: "as someone has written in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

# I have made you

Here the word "you" is singular and refers to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

# Abraham was in the presence of him whom he trusted, that is, God, who gives life to the dead ones

Here "of him whom he trusted" refers to God. AT: "Abraham was in the presence of God whom he trusted, who gives life to those who have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

# calls the things that do not exist into existence

"created everything from nothing"