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Changed Gateway Language and Heart Language to lowercase except in titles and in "Gateway Languages Strategy."
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@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ After you make your list of key words, you may want to refer to the Translation
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* Choose the common use word from the local Christian community.
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* Choose a word with an added descriptor.
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* Create a phrase or combine a few words into one.
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* Borrow the word from the Gateway Language and adjust the spelling to fit your script and pronunciation.
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* Borrow the word from the gateway language and adjust the spelling to fit your script and pronunciation.
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3. As a team, discuss all of your lists, and list in alphabetical order all of the source language words that you decide are key words.
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* If possible, do this on a computer so you can easily insert new words in alphabetical order.
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* Put this list in the first column of a chart.
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@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
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The Gateway Languages Strategy endeavors to equip all people groups with access to the Bible, biblical content, translation training, and translation resources in a language that bilingual people in those groups understand well. Those bilingual people can then translate the Bible and biblical content into a language they understand fully, that is, their own language.
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A **Gateway Language** (GL) is a language of wider communication into which all our translation tools and resources will be made available. Bilingual speakers use Gateway Language resources to help them translate the Bible into their own heart language.
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A **Gateway Language** (GL) is a language of wider communication into which all our translation tools and resources will be made available. Bilingual speakers use gateway language resources to help them translate the Bible into their own heart language.
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Many Gateway Languages are national languages, languages of education, or trade languages within a country. Just as countries vary in their number of national or recognized languages, many will have more than one Gateway Language. India, for example, has several Gateway Languages, while Mozambique has only one. In addition, some Gateway Languages are used in multiple countries or even on multiple continents. For example, Portuguese is a Gateway Language from which bilingual speakers in Brazil and in several countries in Africa can translate the Bible into their heart language.
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Many Gateway languages are national languages, languages of education, or trade languages within a country. Just as countries vary in their number of national or recognized languages, many will have more than one gateway language. India, for example, has several gateway languages, while Mozambique has only one. In addition, some gateway languages are used in multiple countries or even on multiple continents. For example, Portuguese is a gateway language from which bilingual speakers in Brazil and in several countries in Africa can translate the Bible into their heart language.
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The Gateway Languages Strategy prioritizes developing content and making it available in these diverse languages of the world. This provides tools to empower minority language communities to translate scripture themselves.
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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Before starting a translation project, contact as many churches and church netwo
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#### Translation Team
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These are the people who will do the work of making the translation drafts. They need to be people who are native speakers of the target language, who can read the source language (the Gateway Language) very well, and who are respected in the community for their Christian character. For more details about these things, see [Translator Qualifications](../qualifications/01.md).
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These are the people who will do the work of making the translation drafts. They need to be people who are native speakers of the target language, who can read the source language (the gateway language) very well, and who are respected in the community for their Christian character. For more details about these things, see [Translator Qualifications](../qualifications/01.md).
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As well as making the first drafts, these people will form the core of the translation team that will check each other's work, check the translation with the language community, and receive the suggestions for revision from the level 2 and level 3 checkers. After each review or checking session, these translators are responsible to make the changes to the translation that are necessary so that it communicates what it should in the best way. So they will revise the translation many times.
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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An **authoritative** Bible translation is one that considers the biblical texts in the original languages as the highest authority for the meaning of biblical content. Whenever two or more translations of the Bible disagree about the meaning of a Bible passage, it is the original languages that have the final authority for deciding the meaning. Sometimes people are very loyal to certain Bible translations that they are accustomed to reading, and might argue with other people who are loyal to a different Bible translation. But neither of those Bible translations are the highest authority, because they are only translations of the original. All translations are secondary in authority to the original languages. That is why we must always refer to the original biblical languages when deciding how to translate the Bible.
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Since not all translation teams have a member who can read the original languages of the Bible, it is not always possible to refer to the biblical languages when translating the Bible. Instead, the translation team has to rely on translations that they are able to read that have, in turn, been based on the biblical languages. Many of the translations in the Gateway Languages were translated with reference to the biblical languages, including the ULB. When translations are made of translations, accuracy can become a challenge.
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Since not all translation teams have a member who can read the original languages of the Bible, it is not always possible to refer to the biblical languages when translating the Bible. Instead, the translation team has to rely on translations that they are able to read that have, in turn, been based on the biblical languages. Many of the translations in the gateway languages were translated with reference to the biblical languages, including the ULB. When translations are made of translations, accuracy can become a challenge.
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To help with this, we recommend that translation teams do these things whenever possible:
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@ -14,5 +14,5 @@ A good translation will use the same vocabulary and expressions as the people of
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#### Gateway Language Translations
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The Gateway Language (GL) Bibles are a translation resource to help bilinguals understand the Bible and translate it into their own languages. They are not designed for the mother-tongue speakers of the Gateway Language. Therefore, GL Bibles will not sound natural to GL mother-tongue speakers. For more information about this, see "Translating the ULB" and "Translating the UDB" in the Gateway Languages Manual.
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The Gateway Language (GL) Bibles are a translation resource to help bilinguals understand the Bible and translate it into their own languages. They are not designed for the mother-tongue speakers of the gateway language. Therefore, GL Bibles will not sound natural to GL mother-tongue speakers. For more information about this, see "Translating the ULB" and "Translating the UDB" in the Gateway Languages Manual.
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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"Punctuation" refers to the marks that indicate how a sentence is to be read or understood. Examples include quotation marks, question marks, and the indicators of pauses, such as the comma or period. In order for the reader to be able to read and understand the translation correctly, it is important that you use punctuation consistently.
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For newly written languages, it may be easiest to adopt the method of punctuation that the Gateway Language uses, or that a national language Bible or related-language Bible uses. As you begin translating, you will come to situations where you will need to make decisions on punctuation. Work together as a team to develop consistant standards, and make sure everyone knows what those standards are.
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For newly written languages, it may be easiest to adopt the method of punctuation that the gateway language uses, or that a national language Bible or related-language Bible uses. As you begin translating, you will come to situations where you will need to make decisions on punctuation. Work together as a team to develop consistant standards, and make sure everyone knows what those standards are.
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Later as you go through the different levels of checking, keep your eye open for inconsistancies in punctuation. Additionally, you can ask someone with appropriate education from your language group to read through and edit the translation for punctuation and make notes of questionable areas for the translation team to review and edit.
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ As you work together as a team, you will want to talk together about words that
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The names of people and places in the Bible can be difficult to spell because many of them may be unknown in your language. As you encounter names, work with other translators to agree on how to spell them. Then make sure that all translators have an updated spelling list.
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Computers can be a great help for checking spelling. If you are working on a Gateway Language, a word processor may have a dictionary already available. If no dictionary is available, you can use the "find and replace" feature to fix misspelled words.
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Computers can be a great help for checking spelling. If you are working on a gateway language, a word processor may have a dictionary already available. If no dictionary is available, you can use the "find and replace" feature to fix misspelled words.
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Correct and consistent spelling is an issue to be aware of as you go, and when you reach the checking steps you will want to carefully affirm that consistency has been achieved.
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@ -30,5 +30,5 @@ Literal translations usually contain the following problems:
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#### When to Translate Literally
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The only time to translate literally is when producing a Gateway Language translation, such as the ULB, that will be used by others to translate the Bible into their own Heart Language. The purpose of the ULB is to show the translator what is in the original. Even so, the ULB is not strictly literal. It is a modified literal translation that uses the target language grammar so that readers can understand it. For the places where the ULB uses the original expressions in the Bible that may be difficult to understand, we have provided the Translation Notes to explain them.
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The only time to translate literally is when producing a gateway language translation, such as the ULB, that will be used by others to translate the Bible into their own heart language. The purpose of the ULB is to show the translator what is in the original. Even so, the ULB is not strictly literal. It is a modified literal translation that uses the target language grammar so that readers can understand it. For the places where the ULB uses the original expressions in the Bible that may be difficult to understand, we have provided the Translation Notes to explain them.
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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This portion of the manual teaches translation theory and how to make a good Heart Language translation. Some of the principles of translation in this manual also apply to Gateway Language translation. It will be very helpful to study many of these topics before doing any translation. Other topics, such as the ones about grammar, are only needed for "just-in-time" learning and are covered in the portion of the manual called “Translation Topics”. In order to understand the translation theory and pracitc topics, you may first need to read the topics in [Church-Owned Bible Translation](../../intro/wa/01.md).
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This portion of the manual teaches translation theory and how to make a good heart language translation. Some of the principles of translation in this manual also apply to gateway language translation. It will be very helpful to study many of these topics before doing any translation. Other topics, such as the ones about grammar, are only needed for "just-in-time" learning and are covered in the portion of the manual called “Translation Topics”. In order to understand the translation theory and pracitc topics, you may first need to read the topics in [Church-Owned Bible Translation](../../intro/wa/01.md).
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Some highlights in the Translation Manual:
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This is how translation is supposed to work most of the time, but sometimes cert
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There are basically two kinds of translations: literal and dynamic (or meaning-based).
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* Literal translations focus on representing words in the source language with words in the target language that have similar basic meanings. They also use phrases that have similar structures to the phrases in the source language. This kind of translation allows the reader to see the structure of the source text, but it can make it difficult or impossible for the reader to understand the meaning of the source text.
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* Dynamic, meaning-based translations, focus on representing the meaning of the source language sentence in its context, and will use whatever words and phrase structures are most appropriate to convey that meaning in the target language. The goal of this kind of translation is to make it easy for the reader to understand the meaning of the source text. This is the kind of translation recommended in this Translation Manual for Heart Language translations.
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* Dynamic, meaning-based translations, focus on representing the meaning of the source language sentence in its context, and will use whatever words and phrase structures are most appropriate to convey that meaning in the target language. The goal of this kind of translation is to make it easy for the reader to understand the meaning of the source text. This is the kind of translation recommended in this Translation Manual for heart language translations.
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The Unlocked Literal Bible (ULB) is designed to be a literal translation, so that the Heart Language translator can see the forms of the original biblical languages. The Unlocked Dynamic Bible (UDB) is designed to be a dynamic translation, so that the Heart Language translator can understand the meaning of these forms in the Bible. The ULB is designed to be the source text, and the UDB is designed to be a tool for affirming understanding of the source text and observing ways of expressing the meaning in a clear and dynamic way.
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The Unlocked Literal Bible (ULB) is designed to be a literal translation, so that the heart language translator can see the forms of the original biblical languages. The Unlocked Dynamic Bible (UDB) is designed to be a dynamic translation, so that the heart language translator can understand the meaning of these forms in the Bible. The ULB is designed to be the source text, and the UDB is designed to be a tool for affirming understanding of the source text and observing ways of expressing the meaning in a clear and dynamic way.
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